EM May 2022 Issue by Icon Media Group

EDITOR’S DESK Dear Readers!

Editor

Ms. Alka Puri

Sub Editor

Roopal Chaurasia Shipranshu Pandey

Editorial Advisor

Priyanka Roy Chaudhary

Design & Production Pankaj Rawat Mukesh Kumar Sah

National Business Head

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.net

Sr. Manager Sales

Neha Chauhan neha@electricalmirror.net

Marketing Head - West & South Yasmeen K. Email: Yasmeen.@electricalmirror.net

Business Development Manager

The Electrical industry has finally been given a date for an event that had been postponed because of the COVID-19 outbreak. We're discussing about “Cable & Wire Fair” and “Distribuelec”, the most important event in the industry. The 4th international Exhibition & Conference for Wire & Cable industry, to be held at newly constructed world class halls of Pragati Maidan from May 18 to 20. In keeping with the industry's progress, the fair has developed to become one of the key global events. One of the significant things that will gain more attention this year is the alignment of its topic – "The two days CEO Conclave & Technical Conference at CWF 2022 will be high-voltage discussions at its cable conclaves and technical session wherein a myriad of issues pertaining to the wire and cable industry. Cable & Wire Fair (CWF) is now the undisputed leading Indian event for the global wire & cable industry." The power and energy business is clearly on the mend following the Covid-19 epidemic, and India's government is boosting growth across sectors. Furthermore, India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. The national electric grid in India has an installed capacity of 399.467 GW as of 31 March 2022. Renewable power plants, which also include large hydroelectric plants, constitute 39.2 % of total installed capacity. Power is among the most critical components of infrastructure, crucial for the economic growth and welfare of nations. The existence and development of adequate power infrastructure is essential for sustained growth of the Indian economy. We attempted to cover issues linked to the event in this edition of Electrical Mirror, such as Wires & Cable, Testing and measuring instruments, Lighting Arrester, Gensets, and more.

Sunil R Shirsat sunil@electricalmirror.net

Sales & Marketing Hemant Chauhan Smita Gaur

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Kumar Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.net All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com Editor : Ms. Alka Puri English.Monthly.Date of Publication 5th of Every Month

Happy Reading!!! Please give us your feedback at editor@electricalmirror.net For more details check out our website: www.electricalmirror.net and you can also visit our facebook page https://m.facebook.com/electricalmir/

Editor

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INTERVIEW

Cover Story-I Wires & Cable

Electric cables used to transmit information are quite different from power cables

Mr. Akilur Rahman

Cover Story-II Testing & Measuring

INTERVIEW

Chief Technology Officer

Hitachi Energy India Ltd.

Changes in the outlook on transmission and distribution for 2030

Special Focus: Lightning Arrester

Earthing (Grounding) of Lightning (Surge) Arrester in Substation- Review of Codes & Regulations

62 Mr. Kalidas Bhangare Managing Director

Case Study of the Month

Testo India PVT. Ltd.

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd…

Press Release ABB 08 Hitachi Energy NTPC

Special Theme: Gensets

Indian Diesel Gensets Market High Demand Outlook Through 2030

12,30

BPE 14 PFC 14 Panasonic 16 Polycab 18 Tata Power

Guest Article

Technical Specification Gupta Power

Havells 22 Zetwerk 24 Toshiba 26 World Utilities Congress

Aura Air 28 Ministry of Power

Sonel Instruments

Product Info Flir 86

Phoenix Contact

Wago 88

Kusam Meco

Event Diary

Press Release

ABB India’s Nelamangala, Bengaluru Campus certified green; receives highest IGBC Rating

• The integrated campus is one of the eight in Karnataka, and one among 63 in India having earned the Platinum rating by IGBC • With 30% energy savings, and a water positivity index of 1.24*, the campus testifies ABB’s commitment to achieving carbon neutrality

ABB India today announced that its Integrated Campus in Nelamangala, Bengaluru, has received the Platinum-rated Green Factory Building certification from the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). This is a significant achievement in line with ABB Group’s 2030 sustainability commitment, a part of which aims to achieve carbon neutrality across its operations. Buildings globally are a major source of energy consumption and carbon emissions. Hence energy-efficient buildings and sustainable campuses with carbon-neutral operations would be key for countries such as India to deliver on their carbon emission reduction targets.

& Occupational Health.

"We embed ‘sustainability in practice’ in everything we do to accelerate our journey towards becoming Net-Zero. Along with a state-of-the-art robotics facility spread over 3600 sq mt, our Nelamangala unit also houses one of the first smart factories in the country to produce our entire range of smart power products. The IGBC awarding Platinum certification to our Nelamangala unit showcases our concrete efforts toward achieving the 2030 global sustainability targets. We are committed to introducing a variety of other such practices across all ABB India's facilities in an attempt to The IGBC Platinum certification is the highest rating offered render a sustainable difference. We are also partnering with by IGBC post evaluating a site on innovation in design our customers and suppliers to support their sustainability and environmental categories including Site Selection journey,” said Sanjeev Sharma, Country Head and Managing & Planning, Water Conservation, Energy Conservation, Director, ABB India. Material Conservation, and Indoor Environmental Quality

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Press Release

Gurmit Singh Arora, National Chairman, IGBC said, “An IGBC Platinum rating is a well-deserved recognition of the multi-faceted green initiatives implemented at the factories of ABB India. IGBC Platinum-rated green factory building projects adhere to the highest national and international efficiency benchmarks. I would like to especially applaud the measures taken to enhance the well-being of employees working at ABB’s green factories in India. I am sure this prestigious achievement by ABB Nelamangala and ABB Peenya industrial campuses would inspire many more stakeholders of the Indian manufacturing industry to further practice the design, construction, and operation of green buildings and adopt the IGBC Rating Systems. As a premier certification body, IGBC would continue to handhold ABB in their journey to ultimately become Net Zero in terms of Energy, Water, Waste, and Carbon.” The Nelamangala campus offers more than 30% energy savings over the ASHRAE 90.1.2004 requirements, green electricity to offset 100% of the non-process load, and uses a high solar reflective index roof (100% of the exposed roof) while 80% of the shop floor area gets

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daylight through skylights. The campus has also achieved a water positivity index of 1.24, indicating that they are replenishing more water for the environment than what is being withdrawn for their operations. The campus uses a cross wave technology based rainwater harvesting system having an annual rainwater harvesting potential of more than 200 million liters. With its global 2030 sustainability strategy, ABB is actively enabling a low-carbon society as well as working with its customers and suppliers to implement sustainable practices across its value chain and the lifecycle of its products and solutions. In line with their RE100 goal realization, around 43 percent of the electricity utilized is through renewable sources including solar power utilization & I-REC procurement. ABB India recycles roughly 95 percent of the waste generated across all their facilities within their grounds to satisfy long-term sustainability targets of zero waste to landfill. In 2021, compared to 2020, they boosted water recyclability by 4percent, resulting in a reduction in freshwater withdrawal and the company's overall water footprint. EM

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Press Release

Hitachi Energy wins ~INR 160cr order from MP Power Transmission Package-II Limited to modernize the Madhya Pradesh power grid

Press Release

The grid connections will help make the state’s power grid more sustainable, flexible, and secure Hitachi Energy India Ltd. has won an order worth about INR 160 crore from MP Power Transmission Package-II Limited, a project-specific business to strengthen the transmission system in the rural area of Madhya Pradesh to increase capacity and improve reliability of the power infrastructure in the region. The order was booked in the January to March quarter. The order for nine grid connections will strengthen a power transmission network spanning more than 1,000 kilometers of overhead lines across nine rural districts of Madhya Pradesh. The state has increased its momentum to reach a target of 12 GW of renewable energy generation capacity by 2025 – through utility-scale solar, wind and hybrid installations as well as rooftop solar. “As more people get connected to the grid, electricity will form

NTPC collaborates with Delhi Jal Board to convert waste into energy

In an endeavour to reduce the carbon footprint, NTPC Ltd, India’s largest integrated energy company has come together with Delhi Jal Board (DJB) to utilize the sludge produced in the sewage treatment plants (STP) of DJB. The torrefied waste sludge was fired from NTPC’s unit 4 Boiler at Dadri. This green technological solution is an innovative way to convert STP sludge into energy via environmentally friendly means to reduce CO2 emissions. In Delhi NCR alone, Sewage Treatment Plants produce up to 800 MT of sludge per day. The disposal of this sludge is a major challenge as it contributes towards environmental pollution. It also poses a major threat to the health of the 12

the backbone of the entire energy system, driven by a higher share of renewable energy” said N Venu, Managing Director and CEO, Hitachi Energy India Ltd.” Reliable transmission and digitalization of the power network will be crucial to ensure a sustainable energy future “Through these projects, we are pleased to be regarded as a trusted partner of choice to advance a sustainable energy transition. At Hitachi Energy we are committed to the accelerated electrification, digitalization and decarbonization of the world’s energy systems,” he added. Hitachi Energy is the world’s leading provider of grid connections and power quality solutions, with an installed base of more than 10,000 projects worldwide, over 800 of which connect renewable energy sources to the grid. EM

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people residing around the area. Firing sludge in the boiler will reduce net CO2 emission, and water & land pollution and will pave the way to utilize the waste and convert it to energy in an environmentally friendly manner. NTPC is taking various steps to make its energy portfolio greener and plans to have 60 GW capacity through Renewable Energy sources by 2032. The total installed capacity of the company is 68,881.68 MW having 23 coal-based, 7 gas-based, 1 Hydro, 19 renewable energy projects. Under JV, NTPC has 9 coal-based, 4 gas-based, 8 hydro and 5 renewable energy projects. EM

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Press Release

Best Power Equipments Organizes Tech Fair 2022 for their Channel Partners India’s leading power manufacturing brand, Best Power Equipments (BPE) organized two-day Tech Fair 2022 at Holiday Inn, New Delhi. More than 150 channel partners & distributors gathered at the Tech Fair. The two-day event was followed by factory visit & R&D facility to Noida & Greater Noida. The event was addressed by Amitansu Satpathy, MD of BPE who congratulated each partner in making BPE a growth story. The company displayed newly launched products & gave a demonstration of products like BPE IoT; a new product technology based on IoT which aims to be game changer for the industry. The company also unveiled their plans of introducing Cloud and CMS service enablement solutions including Mobile App, Energy storage solutions 5kVA-500kVA, Lithium battery based UPS and three phase modular UPS. Speaking on the launch, Amitansu Satpathy, Managing Director – BPE commented, “This is memorable occasion as we are gathering today, I would like to thank everyone for making

PFC conferred with “Green Urja Energy Efficiency Award”

PFC has been conferred with “Green Urja Energy Efficiency Award” under the Elets Innovation Award for being the Best Renewable Energy Financing Institution this year at the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Summit organised by Elets. The award was presented by Shri U.P. Singh, Secretary, Ministry of Textiles to Shri Rajiv Ranjan Jha, Director (Projects), Power Finance Corporation Ltd. (PFC) in a ceremony held today i.e. on 19th April, 2022 in New Delhi which recognizes the 14

BPE a known brand in the industry.” He also added that technology advancement in our industry is paving the way of future. We would be regularly holding these sessions to educate our partners about new technologies in this industry. EM

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contribution in development of Renewable Energy Sector in line with the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s vision of Atma Nirbhar Bharat. The COVID crisis has precipitated the need for building an AatmaNirbhar Bharat, which can tackle the complexities of the world and re-position itself firmly in the global pecking order. PFC is uniquely placed to leverage its knowledge, power & innovation spirit to build a resilient, diversified & self-reliant economy and has been continuously playing a pivotal and developmental role in Green Energy Financing. Elets AatmaNirbhar Bharat Summit & Awards has brought together the key officers and policy makers from Government of India & State Governments, policy think tanks & industry leaders on a common platform to discuss the issues, challenges and transformational opportunities and build upon the clarion call given by the Hon’ble Prime Minister for making of an AatmaNirbhar Bharat. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Press Release

Beating summer blues: Polycab India’s latest digital film showcases benefits of energy saving fan Polycab India Ltd., India’s leading FMEG (Fast Moving Electrical Goods) brand has launched its technologically advanced fans through an engaging and captivating digital campaign Polycab #SavingsWalaFan. The campaign is conceptualized to simplify understanding the benefits of Polycab BLDC Energy Saving fan whose core value proposition includes low energy consumption, voltage fluctuation protection and silent operation of motor. The Polycab #SavingsWalaFan digital film is now live on digital platforms to propagate and reach a wide set of target audience. Polycab’s #SavingsWalaFan takes a distinct approach and rather eases the awareness-creating process in the minds of consumers. The film presented a modern-day couple hosting a guest couple who is evidently tired with heat exhaustion and has just entered the house. The couple is left pleasantly surprised with the superfast fan and as they get inquisitive to know more about the ceiling fan, the technical expert in the film explains the umpteen benefits offered by Polycab BLDC Energy Saving Fans in a simple and engaging way.

Summer-ising Electricity- Know-why of brown outs and power cuts

Summer started early this year and caught power sector supply chain on the wrong foot. Despite having 399.5 Gigawatt (GW) installed capacity, it became difficult to catch up with actual peak demand of 203.7 GW. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra were facing power cuts in March 2022. Gujarat mandated one day off for Industries to deal 16

Polycab BLDC Energy Saving Fans are conceptualized and designed on the backdrop of creating a product that is highly energy efficient, has enhanced mechanism, minimized energy consumption, and big savings on electricity bills for its consumers. BLDC stands for Brushless Direct Current motors that use an electronic chip to convert the input AC current to DC current. Since no brushes are used, the frictional loss of current is low resulting in lesser noise. These fans consume up to 65% less electricity* as compared to regular fans. Speaking about the campaign Nilesh Malani, President and Chief Marketing Officer, Polycab India Ltd. commented, “Polycab BLDC energy saving fans are the ceiling fans of the future, and integration of such evolved motors could prove to be a substantial gain for Indian households. At Polycab, we strive to closely engage with our consumers and communicate the benefits of future-ready technology in the most relatable and lucid manner. Polycab #SavingsWalaFan campaign is a journey which triggers the idea of energy efficiency adoption amongst the mass audience that can bring an acceptance of innovationdriven products like our BLDC ceiling fans.” EM

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with situation. It is learnt that rural areas in many other States are facing power cuts. During the financial year (FY) 21-22, Central Electricity Authority (CEA) projected 6.4 % energy surplus of 94222 MU, whereas actual shortage was of 0.4 % at 5845 MU. CEA also projected peak power availability of 222.7 GW and surplus of 8.2% during FY 21-22. Actually, India faced shortage of 1.2 %. Power frequency (50 Hz) is an indicator of status of power position. It touched 49.84 on 7th April 2022 and 49.44 on 19th April 2022. CERC capped power exchange prices to Rs. 12 per Unit this year to avoid profiteering. This measure was enforced after 13 years. With the recent price cap, the market clearing price remained Rs 12 per unit for 18 hours on 21st April 2022. Whereas, from 8:30 to 14:30 hours, the prices were between Rs 10 to Rs 12. Some of the States are buying power at Rs. 12 per unit to fulfil freebie promises. If permitted by State regulators, the additional power purchase costs will be passed through to consumers through true up exercise. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

HEAD OFFICE Phoenix Contact (India) Pvt.Ltd. F-26/2, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi - 110 020 INDIA Tel.: +91-11-71810700 / 800 Fax: +91-11-41611071 E-mail: response@phoenixcontact.co.in Website : www.phoenixcontact.co.in

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SOUTHERN INDIA OFFICE

WESTERN INDIA OFFICES

No. 10/7 - 8, 2nd Floor, Umiya Landmark, Lavelle Road, Bangalore - 560 001 Tel.: +91-80-33235400

30, Shaswat Bungalow, 1sr Floor, Ceaser Road, Amboli, Andheri [W], Mumbai - 400 058 Tel.: +91-8377004752 / 4753

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5th Floor, Devi House, 37, Shivaji Nagar, Pune - 411 005 Tel.: +91-20-71395000-031

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Press Release

Panasonic Life Solutions India inaugurates the Electrical Construction Material (ECM) segment’s first of its kind manufacturing unit in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh

Press Release

• The Industry 4.0 standard manufacturing unit is built to support the growing infrastructure needs of the country • The factory aims to produce more than 200 mil pieces of switches per year in the next 5 years

Panasonic Life Solutions India, a wholly owned subsidiary of Panasonic Corporation, today announced the opening of its new manufacturing facility in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh. The facility aims to strengthen the company’s presence in the Southern Region and develop market synergies by providing swift material deliveries and customer delight. The ‘highly automated’ unit is spread over 133,584 sq. mt. and currently covers a floor area of 37,025 sq. mt. This will be the company’s first electrical equipment manufacturing base in Southern India and seventh in India followed by facilities in the North and West regions.

infrastructure development, create employment opportunities, and industrial development in Andhra Pradesh. It will contribute to the company’s larger goal of increasing capacity expansion in India and carbon neutrality by 2030 to deliver on the promise of a carbon-neutral future.

This facility is fully operational and will primarily focus on manufacturing Wiring Devices products covering Roma, Penta Modular, and Roma Urban. Additionally, the company further intends to add other products from the Wiring Devices and include Switchgear, Wires, and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) products over a period. Currently, the production capacity The company will be making a total investment of INR in the first year is 80 million units, and it is expected to 600Cr in two phases, the first phase of INR 300Cr has increase by 15% year by year as sales further expand. been made. Through this facility, the aim is to support the Besides, the new facility will benefit the local communities

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Addressing the occasion, Mr. Kawamoto, Business Unit Head – Power Component Business, Panasonic Corporation, Japan. added that, “India is on a growth trajectory and this growth will need tremendous support from the ECM industry for people to “Live their Best”. We see this as a tremendous opportunity for making human life simpler, safer, and comfortable, by enhancing the consumer experience through our technologically advanced products, with Japanese

standards, which will now be manufactured at this facility in India.” Mr. Kazuki Yao, Managing Director, Panasonic Life Solutions India Pvt. Ltd. said, “As a global leader in electrical construction materials, providing the most comprehensive electrical portfolio across the entire value chain, India being one of the fastest-growing economies in the world is an important market for PLSIND. Through the inauguration of our facility in Sri city, it will help us significantly scale up our productions in India, while contributing to the overall development of the region. We plan to invest in building consumer connections, enhancing the industrial connect, and improving its visibility on the production front. We see Andhra Pradesh as a strategic market that has witnessed an exemplar shift in its industrial culture and believe it’s an accurate time to delve into this region.”

Press Release

as it is expected to create direct and indirect employment opportunities by developing a local supplier network only for Wiring Devices products by FY2025. Further, aligned with the vision of Aatma Nirbhar Bharat and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, the company looks to support an all-inclusive growth and contribution to the development of the country.

Mr. Rajesh Nandwani, Director and Business Unit Head of Wiring Devices, Panasonic Life Solutions India Pvt. Ltd. said, “Today, we are delighted to announce the inauguration of our manufacturing facility in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh. The facility has been set up to manufacture and produce products from the Wiring Devices category. The new factory production system includes a state-of-the-art assembly line that will manifest Industry 4.0 technologies to support industrial transformation and business excellence, for enhanced safety and productivity. At PLSIND, we look forward towards building more resilient and sustainable partnerships by offering the best technologies and building world-class manufacturing facilities in India while supporting the Government's ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ mission.” EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Press Release

Tata Power to create India’s most comprehensive renewable energy platform - raising `4,000 crore (~US$ 525 million) to fund growth of its renewable energy business

The Tata Power Company Ltd. (“Tata Power”) and BlackRock Real Assets-led consortium, including Mubadala Investment Company (“Mubadala”), have entered into a binding agreement to invest in Tata Power’s renewable energy subsidiary, Tata Power Renewable Energy Limited (“Tata Power Renewables”). BlackRock Real Assets, together with Mubadala, shall invest `4,000 crore (~US$ 525 million) by way of equity / compulsorily convertible instruments for a 10.53% stake in Tata Power Renewables, translating to a base equity valuation of `34,000 crore. The final shareholding will range from 9.76% to 11.43% on final conversion. This newly created platform will consist of five distinct businesses delivering long-term, customer oriented solutions. It will house all renewable energy businesses of Tata Power including those in: Utility Scale Solar, Wind & Hybrid Generation assets; Solar Cell & Module Manufacturing; Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contracting; Rooftop Solar infrastructure; Solar Pumps and Electric Vehicle Charging infrastructure. The broad-based portfolio of assets ensures diversified yet stable revenue sources including 25-year fixed-price PPAs for grid connected utility scale projects. Tata Power Renewables is one of the largest renewable energy companies in India. Its vertically integrated operations currently have approximately 4.9 GW of renewable energy assets. The proposed investment is expected to fund Tata Power Renewables’ aggressive growth plans. Over the next five years, Tata Power Renewables aims to achieve a portfolio of over 20 GW of renewables assets and a market leading position in the rooftop and electric vehicle charging space across India. India is one of the world’s largest renewable energy markets and has recorded the fastest growing renewable energy supply with over 60% new capacity added over the past four years. Its installed renewables capacity is expected to grow from 150 GW currently to 500GW by 2030, to satisfy India’s local energy demand driven by GDP growth and contribute to the government’s decarbonization ambition, as well as support the macro energy transition trends in Asia and around the world.

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Dr Praveer Sinha, CEO and Managing Director, Tata Power Company Limited commented: “Tata Power Renewables is an industry leader with a broad and deep portfolio of next-generation renewables businesses well placed to scale up rapidly based on its strong and consistent performance over the years. I am delighted to welcome BlackRock Real Assets & Mubadala to join us to take the renewables business to the next level of growth. The collaboration will support us to pursue exciting opportunities that lie ahead in the coming decades.” Anne Valentine Andrews, BlackRock’s Global Head of Real Assets, said: “We are pleased to invest alongside Tata Power in this well diversified and vertically integrated renewables business. With one of the largest portfolios of solar and wind assets in the country and a very experienced management team, Tata Power Renewables is at the forefront of India’s ambition to secure greater energy stability for its citizens while positioning its economy for a low carbon future. India’s success in transitioning its energy economy will be crucial to the world’s ability to meet its climate goals.” Khaled Abdulla Al Qubaisi, Chief Executive Officer, Real Estate and Infrastructure Investments at Mubadala, said: “As a responsible investor, Mubadala has a strong focus on renewable energy in multiple markets, so we are delighted to be co-investing with BlackRock Real Assets to help progress Tata Power Renewables’ ambitions in India. With a proven track record of green and clean energy generation and an experienced management team, Tata Power is one of India’s largest integrated power companies and is well positioned to support the country’s energy independence and transition. We are proud to show our ongoing commitment to India with this investment and look forward to working with Tata Power to capitalize on the growth opportunities ahead.” The first round of capital infusion is expected to be completed by June 2022 and the balance funds will be infused by end of calendar year 2022. Moelis & Company is the financial advisor to Tata Power, while JP Morgan is the financial advisor to BlackRock Real Assets. Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas & Co are legal advisors to Tata Power while Slaughter & May and AZB Partners are legal advisors to BlackRock Real Assets. The transaction is subject to conditions precedent and customary regulatory approvals. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Press Release

Havells India announced its financial results for the fourth quarter Havells India Limited, a leading Fast Moving Electrical Goods (FMEG) Company, today announced its financial results for the fourth quarter and the year ended March 31, 2022. Commenting on the financial performance Mr. Anil Rai Gupta, Chairman and Managing Director, Havells India Limited, said, “Sales momentum was regained in Q4 with encouraging performance across verticals. Sustained inflation impacting the margins, however, expect margins to improve with calibrated price increase and cost optimization." The Board of Directors of the Company has approved Final Dividend of Rs. 4.50 per equity share, for the financial year 2021-22.

Press Release

Q4 FY22 vs. Q4 FY21 (Standalone basis)

• Net revenue grew by 33% to INR 4417 crore in Q4 FY22 as against INR 3331 crore in the corresponding quarter previous year. • EBIDTA was INR 521 crore in Q4 FY22 as against INR 506 crore in the corresponding quarter previous year. • Profit before Tax was INR 475 cr in Q4 FY22 as against INR 454 crore in Q4 FY21 • Net Profit grew by 17% to INR 353 crore in Q4 FY22 as against INR 302 crore in Q4 FY21.

Business Segments (Q4 FY22 vs. Q4 FY21) • Switchgears business was INR 474 crore in Q4 FY22 as against INR 463 crore in the corresponding quarter previous year. • Cable business grew by 45% to INR 1488 crore in Q4 FY22 as against INR 1029 crore in the corresponding

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quarter previous year. The Lighting and Fixtures business grew by 22% to INR 399 crore in Q4 FY22 as against INR 329 crore in the corresponding quarter previous year. Electrical Consumer Durables business grew by 22% to INR 870 crore in Q4 FY22 as compared to INR 712 crore in the corresponding quarter previous year. Lloyd business grew by 62% to INR 959 crore in Q4 FY22 as against INR 591 crore in the corresponding quarter previous year. Other business grew by 9% to INR 226 crore in Q4 FY22 as against INR 207 crore in the corresponding quarter previous year.

FY22 vs. FY21 (Standalone basis)

• Net Revenue for FY22 grew by 33% to INR 13,889 crore compared to INR 10,428 crore in the previous corresponding period. • EBIDTA for FY22 grew by 12% to INR 1758 crore as compared INR 1565 crore in the previous corresponding period. • Profit before Tax & sale of assets for FY22 grew by 15% to INR 1604 crore as compared to INR 1391 crore in the previous corresponding period. • Profit before Tax for FY22 grew by 12% to INR 1604 crore as against INR 1432 crore in the previous corresponding period. • Profit after tax for FY22 grew by 15% to INR 1195 crore as compared to INR 1040 crore in the previous corresponding period.

Govt tweaks coal utilisation norms for private power producers amid rising electricity demand The Union power ministry said that it has allowed private power generating stations to secure coal supplies for up to three years instead of current norm of one year, a move that comes against the backdrop of rising demand for electricity. The ministry has tweaked the methodology for the use of coal, allocated to states, by Independent Power Producers (IPPs) wherein the timeline for the bidding process has also been reduced to 37 days from current 67 days. In a statement, the ministry said the measures have been taken for ensuring more efficient utilisation of domestic coal as well as for optimally utilising the railway infrastructure for 22

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maximum transportation of coal to the power plants. Larger visibility has been given to the power plants by extending the period of supply of coal from 1 to 3 years, it added. "In line with various measures being taken in view of increasing power demand, Power Ministry has amended the methodology for use of coal (allocated to states) by private power generating stations," the statement said. The ministry also said the latest steps would also enable states to optimally utilise their linkage coal in the plants nearer to the mines as it would be easier to transmit electricity instead of coal transport to far off states. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Press Release

Zetwerk Bags Order From L&T For Bullet Train Project

• Zetwerk will supply 10,000 MT fabricated Girders for the Mumbai - Ahmedabad Bullet Train project being executed by National High Speed Rail Corporation Ltd. • Bullet train project which will connect Mumbai and Ahmedabad cities through 12 stations at a cost of INR 1.1 lakh crores.

World's largest managed marketplace for contract manufacturing, Zetwerk Manufacturing Businesses today announced that it has been awarded a Letter of Intent (LoI) for an order worth Rs 126.55 crore by L&T Ltd. for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad (MAHSR) Bullet Train project. As per the LoI, Zetwerk will supply 10,000 MT fabricated girders, which will support the load-bearing capacity of the steel bridges that L&T is fabricating for laying the Bullet Train rail corridor. The MAHSR Bullet Train project is being executed by the National High Speed Rail Corporation Ltd. Larsen & Toubro – IHI Infrastructure Systems Consortium will fabricate & transport 28 steel truss bridges (approx. 70,000 MT) on the 508-km long MAHSR Bullet Train Project, which will connect Mumbai & Ahmedabad through 12 stations at the cost of INR 1.1 lac crores. The Bullet Train will cover a distance of 508 km in 2 hours & 7 mins with a maximum operational speed of 320 km/hr. Speaking about the vision behind the accelerator program, Vishal Chaudhary, Co-Founder, Zetwerk, said, “As an organization that continually strives to make a sizeable impact in the ecosystem, Zetwerk is proud to associate with the Bullet Train Project and will strive to deliver its commitment on time, in full. India is on the cusp of a major manufacturing revolution and we are honoured to be able to play an active role in bolstering these capabilities and

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supporting the government’s development vision.” Founded with the vision to bring the fragmented manufacturing sector together and level the playing field for SMEs and MSMEs by connecting them with Fortune 500 companies, Zetwerk has come a long way in realising the government’s ‘Make in India’ dream. In the true spirit of making India ‘Atmanirbhar,’ Zetwerk has managed to create an ecosystem that solves the problems of a volatile manufacturing ecosystem by maintaining consistent demand, supporting capacity utilisation and reducing the burden of input credits for cash-strapped suppliers. The MAHSR corridor is the first High-speed rail corridor under implementation among the 12 planned High-speed Rail corridors in India. The execution period of the order envisages that the project will be completed by 2023. Apart from being a technological marvel, the High-Speed Rail (HSR) project would afford many quantifiable benefits like saving in travel time, vehicle operation cost, reduction in pollution, job creation, reduction in accidents/ enhanced safety, and imported fuel substitution, and reduction in pollutants. In addition, the project would also boost the infrastructure and add to the growth of the economy. NHSRCL aims to initially serve up to 17,900 passengers per day in each direction, which will be subsequently increased to 92,900 passengers per day in each direction by the year 2053. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Press Release

Mr. Hiroaki Kobayashi appointed as the Chairperson and Managing Director, Toshiba Water Solutions Private Limited Toshiba Water Solutions Private Limited (Toshiba Water) today announced the appointment of Mr. Hiroaki Kobayashi as the Chairperson and Managing Director. Mr. Kobayashi will lead Toshiba Water to the path of next level of growth across company's water & wastewater businesses in India and overseas. A commerce graduate from Doshisha University in Japan, Mr. Kobayashi brings a rich and extensive experience of over two decades in business development and strategic planning in wastewater management industry. He specialises in managing EPC[1] contracts for large water and wastewater plants in India as well as abroad. Mr. Kobayashi has succeeded Mr. Koichi Matsui who was at the helm of Toshiba Water affairs for more than five years. On his appointment, Mr. Kobayashi stated, “Toshiba Water has established India as the International Business Centre for its water & wastewater management business. Furthering our commitment to provide the latest technologies and solutions for India and the world, we are introducing and implementing IoT as a service for O&M of wastewater plants. As I take over

this huge responsibility from Mr. Matsui, I reiterate Toshiba Water commitment to India and other overseas territories and look forward to reinforcing our long-term partnership with customers and partners to turn on the promise of a new day for India and the World.” Across his over two decades of experience, Mr. Kobayashi has held various leadership roles in international operations, business development, sales, and other commercial functions in the water & wastewater management business across Asia. He spent seven years in Japan and two years in China as in-charge of their domestic municipal water & wastewater market. Also spent 3 years to develop new market in Southeast Asia including Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand and so on. His first association with India’s wastewater industry dates back to 2010, where he was overseeing business development for Toshiba’s wastewater management business in India. In addition to developing Toshiba Water international business strategy, Mr. Kobayashi was instrumental in securing the JICA[2] funded projects like the Chandrawal Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) in Delhi, the TK Hali WTP in Karnataka. EM

Digitalisation is transforming the utilities sector through increased optimisation and sustainability Accelerated by urgent demands for increased connectivity, reduced costs, and improved operational efficiency – there has been a rapid growth and development in digitalisation across the world’s key industrial sectors. With the impact of the pandemic and the increasing need of pursuing greener and sustainable alternatives, the utilities sector, an underlying facilitator for all industries, has witnessed an emergence in the adoption of digital technology in the sector, and is expected to climb as power demand rises to drive economic development. Transforming operations and systems with digital technologies can create substantial value for utility companies. Studies indicate potential reduction in operating expenses of up to 25 percent, and performance gains of 20 to 40 percent in areas such as safety, reliability, customer satisfaction and regulatory compliance is also achievable. These incentives have led utility companies to rapidly adopt

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digital technologies including the reimagining of customer journeys, adding digital leak detectors to gas grids and water supply, using predictive models to schedule maintenance and other asset-management activities. Efficient operations and lower costs mean that utility companies can pass on the savings to consumers. This is especially important given the current challenging landscape of high-energy prices that have affected consumers across the world, especially those in Europe and the USA. It is evident that digital technologies, data, and internet of things (IoT) will play a vital role in the digital transformation of utilities. These technologies have great potential in helping to optimise the use of energy resources and operations at remote facilities, while ensuring reliable, safe and secure infrastructures. Emerging digital technologies, such as smart grids, industrial IoT and big data are influencing the power industry to transform into more agile, cost effective, and sustainable business models. For example, there is an increasing use of sensors and metres to detect leaks and reduce consumption through technologies, such as smart-home appliances and smart-street lightings as part of smart-city plans that are being developed and implemented. As the digitalisation of power distribution and retail companies is expected to continue to accelerate this decade, Frost & Sullivan says that digital investments are directed toward three main areas: enhancing customer service, optimising grid operations, and developing connected businesses. By incorporating cloud computing, big data, analytics, and IoT solutions, utilities and retailers are transforming their businesses beyond commodity selling. With global energy demand set to double by 2050, major sustainability concerns are pushing an energy efficiency agenda forward, all over the world. The UAE has to meet ambitious ||www.electricalmirror.net||

targets as part of the UAE Energy Strategy 2050, which includes reducing the carbon footprint of power generation by 70 percent, while also reaching Net Zero by 2050. These developments, coupled with technological disruptions, are expected to be key to accelerating global economies. Christopher Hudson, President of dmg events, the organisers of the World Utilities Congress said: “Adopting digital technologies will help utility company managers increase the efficiency of their assets, save energy and water, and lead to an overall more sustainable country.” He added: “Data will also play an integral role in decisionmaking, both for current projects and future developments, paving the way for a new energy ecosystem.” The digitalisation of the utilities sector will be delved deeper into at the World Utilities Congress, with a dedicated strategic panel on Digital Transformation and Technological Innovations. The Congress will take place on 9-11 May in Abu Dhabi’s ADNEC, convening more than 10,000 global utilities professionals to explore critical topics, including the future of low carbon power and water supplies. The World Utilities Congress will be held under the patronage of H.H. Sheikh Khaled bin Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, member of the Executive Council and Chairman of the Abu Dhabi Executive Office. Hosted by TAQA, the global exhibition and congress provides an unrivalled platform to explore the latest products, innovations, and technological advancements across the global utilities landscape. It will bring together water and power leaders to provide insights on building resilient low carbon business models with agile automated digital operations. To learn how to access the event, visit www.worldutilitiescongress. com for more information. EM || May 2022 ||

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Press Release

Aura Air brings its Smart Air-Purifiers to India

Press Release

Aura Air air-purifiers have been clinically certified for their effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 virus

Aura Air, a publicly listed company with the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE), is now launching its smart air management platform in India. Aura Air air-purifiers detect, capture, and kill 99.9% of viruses, bacteria, mold and can remove airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns, including allergens and viruses. These IoT-enabled devices connect to a mobile phone and deliver real-time updates on the overall indoor and outdoor Air Quality Index (AQI) based on VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), CO2 (Carbon Dioxide), CO (Carbon Monoxide), and fine particulate matter levels. Aura Air purifiers have successfully cleared clinical trials confirming their effectiveness against the Corona virus in a study conducted at Sheba Medical Center and the results have been published in the world Journal of Surgery and Surgical Research. Aura Air is also in the process of getting Food and Drug Administration, USA approval.

quality in real-time through its inbuilt sensors. The smart device filters and disinfects air through four stages: • Pre-filter: Filtering the big particles like dust, pollen, animal hair • HEPA Ray filter®: The patent pending ray filter consists of 3 unique antibacterial layers • Sterionizer: Creating pure air with patented technology • UVC: Kills bacteria, viruses, and parasites Bharadwaj PV, Managing Director of Aura Air India, said “We believe that Aura Air has entered the Indian market at a very interesting time especially when people understand the need and requirement to invest in a wholistic air purification solution. Our products have been successful in filtering the COVID-19 virus and have been validated in India by NABL accredited laboratories. We are confident that individuals and companies will see value in our product especially as offices have reopened and theatres, malls, and restaurants are now at full capacity. We are expanding in India by creating a network of distributors and partners who are helping us spread the technology of Aura across customers in India.”

Founded in 2018 by Eldar Shnaiderman and Aviad Shnaiderman, Aura Air is currently sold in 87 countries and used by marquee brands including the Sheraton, Hilton, CBRE, Subway, Coca-cola, and Audi among others. The Indian Air Purifier Market stood at over $85 million in FY21 and Aura Air is priced at `37,500 for the base variant. Aura is projected to cross over $500 million by FY27*. The Aura Air device helps to monitor indoor and outdoor air Business (Enterprise solution) is available from a starting price of `48,500. Aura Mini is available for `13,000. EM

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Press Release

NGSL signs MoE with The Lake Region Economic Bloc to explore business opportunities in renewable sector in Africa NTPC GE Power Services Limited (NGSL), a 50:50 JV between NTPC and GE Power India Limited has signed a Memorandum of Engagement (MoE) with The Lake Region Economic Bloc (LREB), Kenya & Procorp Enertech Private Limited (PEPL) to work towards development of Ground Mounted and Floating Solar PV projects in The Lake region of Kenya. The MoE also envisages extending support for adoption of affordable housing, efficient lighting, development of mini-grid solutions and capacity building of Kenyan power sector professionals. The MOE was signed during the visit of a 20-member high-level delegation from The Lake Region Economic Bloc (LREB), Kenya. During the visit, a tripartite MoE was signed between NGSL, LREB and and Procorp Enertech Private Limited (PEPL). The MoE was signed by Shri Sanjeev Duggal, MD, NGSL, Victor Joash Oginga Nyagaya, CEO, LREB, and Dr. Raju S Gannavarapu of PEPL in the presence of Governors and other senior delegates from The LREB, Kenya. Shri Ujjwal Kanti Bhattacharya, Director (Projects), NTPC and Chairman, NGSL,

Shri Prashant Jain, MD, GE Power India Limited (GEPIL) and Shri NM Gupta, Head (International Business), NTPC were also present during the MoE signing ceremony. The high level delegation from Kenya also visited the 100 MW floating solar plant at NTPC Ramagundam, India’s largest floating solar plant and the 250 MW NTPC Ananthapuram ground mounted Solar PV plant in Andhra Pradesh. LREB had earlier signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with NGSL and PEPL to explore business opportunities in Kenya and other African countries. EM

States turn to idle plants to avoid a grid collapse

States have now turned to idle thermal plants in search of additional electricity after the national grid operator warned them against overdrawing power and risking a grid collapse. Several states have asked such plants to resume operations and are willing to pay a higher price for power generated from costlier gas and coal. Sources in the Union power ministry said the power crisis in

western states is not due to coal shortage but on account of lack of foresight as arrangement were not made even as power demand soared and imported coal plants stopped operations amid high fuel cost. Power System Operation Corp (Posoco), the grid operator, wrote to states earlier this month, warning load dispatch centres in the western region against drawing excess power. "Maharashtra has resorted to high overdrawing from the grid against stipulated schedule," Posoco said in one such letter. "Such large overdrawing by Maharashtra contributed in grid frequency excursions below the IEGC (Indian Electricity Grid Code) band." Sources said Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and Dadra & Nagar Haveli are resorting to overdrawing, putting the national grid in trouble. The Western Region Load Dispatch Centre (WRLDC) even filed a petition in the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) against overdrawing of power. EM

Single Layer Capacitors Market forecast period by 2031 The single layer capacitors market is projected to grow at an expected CAGR of 10.9% during the forecast period 2021-2031. Single layer capacitors are those capacitors, which have a structure of rectangular piece of dielectric material with metallization across the bottom and top of the ceramic. A bottom electrode contact and top electrode contact are formed 30

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by these metallized layers. These capacitors are used for very high frequency applications in a wide range of dielectrics. Military infrastructure and industrial markets also use these single layer capacitors. Thin film gold electrodes in these capacitors provide die attach performance and superior wire bonding. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Presents

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India Expo Centre, Greater Noida, NCR, U.P., India

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Press Release

Hydroelectric Power for Eco-Friendly Development Himachal Pradesh to be a Hydropower Hub

“People of Himachal Pradesh have converted challenges into opportunities.” Introduction

Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is one of the oldest and largest sources of renewable energy, which uses the natural flow of moving water to generate electricity. Hydropower relies on the endless, constantly recharging system of the water cycle to produce electricity, using a fuel—water—that is not reduced or eliminated in the process. Hydro power development is the key engine to the economic growth of the State of Himachal Pradesh, as it makes a direct and significant contribution to economy in terms of revenue generation, employment opportunities and enhancing the quality of life. Government of India’s ease of living model is environmentally conscious and also helps protect the environment. In this context, four Hydro-power projects worth over Rs 11,000 crore were unveiled in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on December 27, 2021, reflecting India’s commitment to eco-friendly development.

Projects Unveiled in Himalayan Region

1. Sawra-Kuddu Hydro Power Project Features • First such dam in Asia in the shape of a piano, constructed on river Pabbar in Shimla district • The 111 MW Hydro Electric Project (HEP) has been built at a cost of around Rs 2081.60 crore. • The Sawra-Kuddu HEP would generate 386 Million units of electricity per annum. • Himachal will earn around 150 crore rupees every year with electricity generated from this dam. 2. Luhri Stage- I HEP (210 MW) projects

Features

• It has a capacity of 210 MW • Constructed on river Satluj

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• Location: Near Nirath Village, Distt. Shimla and Kullu (HP). • Total Project Cost: Rs 1810.56 Crore • Tariff: Rs 4.06/kWh • Electricity Generation:758 MU • Expenditure incurred: Rs 553 Crore (30.55% of total cost) as on 21.12.21.

Benefits to the State

• Employment generation: 20 lakh mandays • Free power value: Rs 1047 Crore during initial project life of 40 years. • 100 units of electricity per month for 10 years to each Project Affected Families. • Development of roads, b r i d g e s , healthcare and other local infrastructure.

Benefits to the Nation

• Addition of 758 MU of renewable energy to the grid. • Important role in balancing the grid over intermittent nature of Solar & Wind power. • Reduction in CO2 emissions by 6.1 lakh tons annuallyiii. 3. Dhaulasidh Hydro Power Project

Features

• It has a capacity of 66 MW and has been constructed on river Beas • Location: Dhaulasidh, Distt. Hamirpur (HP) • Total Project Cost: Rs 687.97 Crore • Tariff: Rs 4.46/kWh • Surface Power house with two units of 33 MW each. • Electricity Generation: 304 MU

Benefits to the State

• Employment generation: Eight lakh man-days. • Free power value: Rs 461 Crore during initial project life of 40 years.

• 100 units of electricity per month for 10 years to each Project Affected Families. • Development of roads, bridges, healthcare and other local infrastructure.

Benefits to the Nation

• Addition of 304 MU of renewable energy to the grid. • Important role in balancing the grid over intermittent nature of Solar & Wind power. • Reduction in CO2 emissions by 2.4 lakh tons annuallyiv 4. Renukaji Dam project • The 40 MW project will be built at a cost of around Rs 7000 crore on the river Giri in district Sirmaur. It will prove to be immensely beneficial for Delhi, which will be able to receive around 500 million cubic metre water supply per year. • An agreement for implementation of Renukaji Dam Project had been signed amongst the Basin States, and Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, on 11.01.2019. • Government of India has so far released Rs. 457.57 crore for Renukaji project for payment of enhanced compensation for land acquisition. Further, Himachal Pradesh has contributed an amount of Rs.70.49 crore for the project so far. The total Hydro Potential of Himachal Pradesh is approximately 25,000 MW at present. Accelerating the pace of Hydro Power Generation has given an impetus for the State’s Economic growth. The idea is to provide adequate power at an economical cost while ensuring reliability and quality of supply. The power generated from the above projects would help in providing grid stability and improving the power supply position, besides adding valuable renewable energy to the grid. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Designed on:3 may 2022

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Technical Specification

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Cover Story - 1 Wires & Cable

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Electric cables used to transmit information are quite different from power cables Wire is a piece of metal that is used to carry electric current on the other hand, cable contain a number of wires inside a plastic or rubber which is used to carry electric signals. Copper, aluminum, plastics and alloys are the materials which are used to make these wires and cables. They are widely used in industries like defence and gas, oil, automotive etc. These days, due to increasing residences and houses in developing countries, there is an increase in the use of the wires and cables. The domestic cables and wires industry has registered robust growth over the last five years led by the government’s focus on providing power to all and gradual pickup from the housing market. The wire and cables market in India has the potential to grow by USD 1.65 billion during 2021-2025, and the market’s growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 3.80%. The development of infrastructural projects by the government and investment is driving the growth of the wire and cable market in India. The market is expected to be driven by factors such as the growth in

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renewable power generation in India, the expansion and revamping of Transmission & Distribution infrastructure in India, and increasing investments in metro railways. Increased investments in smart grid projects and up-gradation of power transmission and distribution systems are also estimated to propel the demand for wires & cables globally. Significant investments in smart grid technology have resulted in an increasing need for grid interconnections. Additionally, rising investments in underground cables and the growth of renewable energy are set to escalate the adoption of wires and cables. Wire and cables demand is directly dependent on the growth of the manufacturing industry and infrastructure in the power, telecommunications, residential and commercial sectors. Thus the government’s initiatives on various fronts like – power, housing, infrastructure and digitization are sure to generate a lot of business for the wire and cable industry in the foreseeable future. Likewise, with the government’s emphasis on pushing renewable energy to the forefront, the industry is now looking forward to supplying cables for

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Cover Story I

Wires & Cable

solar and wind power applications in addition to oil and gas, railways and other specialized segments. Wires and cables are deployed across an extensive range of applications which include consumer electronics, utilities, material handling, automotive, and entertainment/leisure amongst others. Growing inclination toward the expansion of prevailing grid networks coupled with lack of efficient electric infrastructure will propel the industry outlook over the forecast timeline. Industry Challenges The wire and cable industry has vast potential in growth in coming years but it has some challenges also, the increasing price rise and competition from Chinese imports. The wire and cable industry is experiencing volatility in raw material prices, as the price of copper continues to increase, profit margins are squeezed and they become uncompetitive in the international market. County is experiencing an all time high price of fuel it’s direct impact on domestic transportation, in result wire and cable transportation has increased. Also, a large section of the industry is still unorganised; there is a lack of quality product offerings from these players due to non-compliance with the product guidelines. Cable, in electrical and electronic systems, a conductor or group of conductors for transmitting electric power or telecommunication signals from one place to another. Electric communication cables transmit voice messages, computer data, and visual images via electrical signals to telephones, wired radios, computers, tele-printers, facsimile machines and televisions. There is no clear distinction between an electric wire and an electric cable. Usually the former refers to a single, solid metallic conductor with or without insulation, while the latter refers to a stranded conductor or to an assembly of insulated conductors. With fibre-optic cables, made of flexible fibres of glass and plastic, electrical signals are converted to light pulses for the transmission of audio, video, and computer data. Electric Power Cables The most common type of electric power cable is that which is suspended overhead between poles or steel towers. These aerial cables consist of a number of wires, usually of copper or aluminum, twisted (stranded) together in concentric layers. Copper or aluminum is chosen for high electrical conductivity, while stranding gives the cable flexibility. Because aerial cables are frequently subjected to severe environmental stresses, alloys 38

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of copper or aluminum are sometimes used to increase the mechanical strength of the cable, although at some detriment to its electrical conductivity. A more common design is to include in the stranded cable assembly a number of high-strength, noncorrosive steel wires. Many aerial cables, especially those operating at high voltages, are bare (uninsulated). Cables operating at lower voltages frequently have coverings of asphalt-saturated cotton braid, polyethylene, or other dielectric (no conducting) material. These coverings offer some protection against short-circuiting and accidental electric shock. Another type of electric power cable is installed in underground ducts and is extensively used in cities where lack of space or considerations of safety preclude the use of overhead lines. Unlike an aerial cable, a buried cable invariably uses commercially pure copper or aluminum (mechanical strength is not a problem underground), and the stranded conductor is frequently rolled to maximize its compactness and electrical conductance. Aerial and underground power cables compose a major portion of the electrical circuit from the generator to the point of utilization of the electric power. The balance of the circuit (and sometimes the entire circuit) may, however, require specialized cables. Illustrative of these usages and of the special conditions to be met are cables for use in steel mills and boiler rooms (high temperature), on mobile equipment (vibration and excessive flexing), in chemical plants (corrosion), for submarines and mines (mechanical abuse), near nuclear reactors (high radiation), and on artificial satellites (pressure extremes). Electric Telecommunication Cables Electric cables used to transmit information are quite different from power cables, both in function and in design. Power cables are designed for high voltages and high current loads, whereas both voltage and current in a communication cable are small. Power cables operate on direct current or low-frequency alternating current, while communication cables operate at higher frequencies. A power cable usually has not more than three conductors, each of which may be 1 inch (2.5 cm) or more in diameter; a telephone cable may have several thousand conductors, the diameter of each being less than 0.05 inch (0.125 cm). Protective coverings for electric communication cables are

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Cover Story I

Wires & Cable

similar to those for electric power cables. They usually consist of an aluminum or lead-alloy tube or of a combination of metallic strips and thermoplastic materials. The insulation of a telephone cable is composed of dry cellulose (in the form of paper tape wrapped around the conductor or paper pulp applied to the conductor) or of polyethylene. The insulation thickness is a few hundredths of an inch or less. A coaxial cable, which first gained widespread use during World War II, is a two-conductor cable in which one of the conductors takes the form of a tube while the other (smaller but also circular in cross section) is supported, with a minimum of solid insulation, at the centre of the tube. Several of these coaxial units may be assembled within a common jacket, or sheath. The construction of long submarine cables for either telephone or telegraph service is somewhat different from that discussed previously. A transatlantic cable fo r telegraphs was first completed in 1858 and for telephones in 1956; a fibre-optic cable first spanned the Atlantic Ocean in 1988. See also undersea cable. Market Overview: Over the past two decades, Indian wires and cables industry has grown considerably in size while transforming itself into an organized one from being an unorganized sector. Though the unorganized sector still constitutes a notable one-third of the industry, however, the market is dominated by few major players. To be precise, the market is led by major players specializing in designing, manufacturing viz. Polycab wires, Finolex cables, CMI, RR Kabel, Sterlite Technologies, KEI Industries and Havells India. Other significant players include Cable Corporation of India, Cords Cable Industries, Diamond Power Investment, Gupta Power Investment Ltd., KEC International Ltd., LS Cable India, Shilpi Cable Technologies, Universal Cables, V-Guard Industries, etc.

the heat and negative growth of 17.40 percent during the first half of current FY 2017-18 (April to September). During 2016-17, the exports stood at INR 19.55 billion (registering a growth of 14.5 percent) and the imports stood at INR 5.76 billion (with a decline of 1.1 percent). Thus, the exports have supported the growth in the cable segment. If we look at the exports/imports comparison during the first half of the current FY 2017-18, the total value of cable exports stood at INR 11.96 billion, whereas the cable imports during the same period stood at INR 4.59 billion. While the exports recorded an increase of 2 percent over the corresponding period in the previous year, the imports witnessed a sharp decline of 50 percent over the corresponding period of the previous year. On the other hand, during the first half of the current financial year 2017-18, the import of conductors stood at Rs 3.11 billion, recording a significant decline of 41 percent over the same period in the previous year. Fortunately, the exports of conductors registered a growth of 5 percent in this period and stood at Rs 8.29 billion. Trends: Market & Technology Overall, the cables and conductors industry has grown significantly in the past few years with investments infused in the power and investment sectors by the government. While the cable segment witnessed a positive growth, the conductor segment experienced sluggish demand last year. Across cable sub-categories, the power cables segment registered a growth of 5.2 percent in 2016-17, while the control cables segment

The overall size of the cables industry in India is estimated to be around INR 412.50 billion in 2016-17 as per IEEMA, recording a moderate growth of around 5.1 percent over the previous FY 2015-16. As for the current financial year, the industry has registered a growth of 9.6 percent during the first half of FY 2017-18 (April to September). On the other hand, due to the delays in order finalizations by major buyers – the conductors market saw a decline of 10.76 percent falling in overall size from INR 81.25 billion in 2015-16 to INR 72.50 billion in 2016-17. Unfortunately, the segment is still facing 40

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saw a decline of 3.4 percent. However, the first half of 2017-18 saw a reversal of trends wherein the high voltage power cable growth tumbled by 7 percent and the control cable segment grew by 2.9 percent. The cable segment is the shift towards high voltage transmission lines. This demand is essentially driven by the creation of high capacity long distance corridors to deliver electricity to high demand regions and the development of green energy corridors for integrating the increasing share of renewable energy into the grid. Further, underground cabling is gaining increased acceptance among state and central transmission utilities as it provides greater safety (against electrocution) as compared to overhead cables.

In addition, an emerging technology trend of high-temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors is witnessing a greater adoption by the utilities. These conductors not only enhanced the operational efficiency but can also be used for the purpose

Gas-insulated lines (GILs) that can be installed under the ground as well as in tunnels and trenches are today a well-accepted technology trend in the overseas market. Due resistive losses of GILs being lower than overhead lines and other types of underground cables, they offer greater reliability with no risk of fire. This technology can serve as a viable alternative to overhead lines where RoW is not available for the transmission of electricity. However, it is still waiting to see a widespread adoption in the domestic market. Way Forward: There is utmost need to look into corrective measures to deal with the issue faced by the industry. There is lack of standardisation of the end product posing a serious challenge for the sector. It is therefore imperative to develop standard guidelines for the industry as a whole so as the quality is not compromised. Further, the government should look into creating a single window clearance mechanism for all players to deal with the issue of delays in projects. This will help in faster project clearances leading to spur in the demands for the industry. Though increasing industrialization and growing population agriculture for reliable and efficient power supply have kept demand high for cables and conductors. Going forward, looking the investments infused in the power and investment sectors by the government and various initiatives undertaken, this demand trend is expected to continue for the industry in the future as well.

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On the technology front, the industry is witnessing a number of new technologies being introduced to enable utilities to augment their capacities without encountering the issues of right-of-way (RoW) clearances. Further, due to the risks associated with bare overhead cables, covered cables have been gaining importance in the market. Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), high-density polyethylene, aerial bunched cables and spacer cable systems are some of the most commonly used covered cables.

of reconductoring the existing lines that enable utilities to transmit a higher quantum of power through existing corridors and can significantly scale down losses as well as instances of power outages. Further, to increase the current carrying capacity and scale down the transmission losses, utilities are turning to high-temperature superconductors (HTS) that have 5 to 10 times the current carrying capacity as compared to conventional conductors.

According to the IEEFA, India’s T/R grids will requirement adding modernization investments totaling between $60 bn & $ 80 bn. Additionally, GoI has established a target to add100 GW of solar power capacity by 2022 which requirements between $6 bn & $8 bn of grid investment to move this power from its sources to its users. After this India’s grid will be much more accessible, reliable, cleaner & efficient than it currently is. Much of this investment seems to be made using ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Wires & Cable

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world-class equip’, materials & techniques to ensure that every penny invested gets put to good use. Cables & conductors are crucial elements of a T&D network. Cable & conductor market in India seen strong growth over the past few years on the back of expansions in the power sector as well as other investment sectors. This market in India comprises nearly half of the electrical industry & has grown at a CAGR of over 12%. Governments continued focus on 24×7 reliable power supply, reduction in T&D losses & universal household electrification has helped drive demand in the market & this rising trend is expected to continue in the near term. Development & strengthening of the country’s T&D network has always been a key focus area. For this, a no’ of government initiatives & programs have been undertaken such as the DDUGJY, IPDS & the recently launched Saubhagya scheme. All these schemes have created a market for this sector in the country. Indian wire & cable industry gone through different phases of expansion & contraction. JFTC is now being used no more for the telephone lines& is an e.g. of boom & bust cycle. Fiber optic cable too will have its boom & bust period; it had one 17 years ago & it will have one again. India will have consolidation of certain plants & closure of certain others but there will be an ongoing market for fiber optic cables. This industry has had a cyclical demand profile where demand is based upon the economy& technology, both of which run at different speeds & so some¬ times these peaks & troughs in the 2 different demand cycles coincide & either get a boom/ get a bust & at other times a steady trickle of business. Some players in India have survived through all of that & the people who are still here are the ones who know how to manage & survive it. In the next 2-3, some good growth can be seen in the cable industry, especially the fiber optics. India cannot produce enough fiber at the moment to satisfy the demand that will come over the next 2-3 years. And is a reason why major fiber makers in India are investing a lot to expand production to produce fiber that will be needed. India stands to be in a good position globally in terms of being a producer of these products. Once saturated own market with cable there will still be a market for replace¬ment. Some additions will be there but there will also be other markets which need it & those become the export market. African countries are the next big & growing markets. China is covering its domestic market. Middle East will grow but small population may impact the scope for business there.

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Market size & growth Size of the cable industry in India has increased at a CAGR of 14.6% between 2013-14&2017-18. As per IEEMA, total size of the domestic cable market in 2017-18 was est’ at Rs 500 bn, a remarkable growth of 20% over 2016-17. In the first 6 months of 2018-19 (Apr-Sep), market registered a 30% growth. Meanwhile, Domestic conductor industry has witnessed sluggish growth over the past 5 years, recording a CAGR of about 2%. Size of market increased marginally from Rs 72.5 bn in 2016-17 to Rs 81 bn in 2017-18, after recording -ve growth for 2 consecutive years. In the first half of 2017-18 (Apr-Sep), it again registered a decline of 6.3% over the previous year. Which can be attributed to delays in the finalization of orders by major buyers? In the cable industry, demand for all subcategories of wires & cables such as power cables, control cables & comm. cables has grown consistently. In 2017-18, the LV cable segment registered a growth of 27.87%, followed by the control cable segment at 12.2%, & the HV cable segment at 9.7%. In the first half of 2018-19, the LV, HV & control cable segments recorded growth rates of 33.5%, 29.3% & 22.9%, respectively. Yet, increase in import of cables & conductors have affected domestic demand. In 2017-18, import of cables stood at Rs 7.34 bn &conductors at Rs 5.25 bn, about 20&33% higher than respectively imports recorded in 2016-17. In the first 6 months of 2018-19, while the import of cables continued to grow, recording an increase of 23% over the previous year, import of conductors recorded a significantly decline of 24%. Total value of cable exports in 2017-18 stood at Rs 25.6 bn &conductor exports at Rs 18.2 bn, hence registering a growth of 18%&15%, respectively which is a +ve indicator for the domestic industry. Growth drivers Cable & conductor industry have grown significantly in the past few years with investments being made in the power & investment sectors by the government. Size of the industry is expected to double over the next 5 years, growing at a CAGR of 20%. Continuing focus on 24×7 power supply, development & strengthening of the T&D network & electrification of all villages & households are some of the key growth drivers of the cable & conductor market. Various government programs including the IPDS, Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana & the UDAY have led to new investments in the distribution segment. Government has planned an investment of about Rs 2.6

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tn in the T/R sector during the XIIIth plan period, which is the cables & conductors’ segment. Also, with most of the states 1.4 times higher than the proposed capex in the XIIth plan adopting UDAY, the state discoms are expected to improve period. Of the planned investment, Rs 300 bn is likely to be their T&D investment through renewed capital expenditure. spent on T/R systems of 220 kV & below. One of the major Apart from the impetus provided by the government, other drivers for this industry is the integration of renewables to key driver for the growth of the cable segment is the shift the system. Government has set a target to install 225 GW of towards HVT/R lines. This demand is essentially driven by renewable capacity by 2022. A large share of which will come the creation of high capacity long distance corridors to deliver from solar installations, creating a significantly opportunity electricity to high demand regions & the development of green for solar cables. Also, to evacuate power from the large-scale energy corridors for integrating the increasing share of RE RE plants being developed under the plan, a no’ of T/R lines into the grid. Future growth in the cable segment is likely to are being constructed, hence driving demand for conductors. be driven by 132 kV&400 kV lines. Underground cabling too Also, ongoing smart city projects are expected to lead to is gaining increased acceptance among state & central T/R large-scale developments in the power, telecom, housing & utilities as it provides greater safety as compared to overhead other investment sectors, creating more demand. Underground cables. Lastly, the increase in government infra spending, cabling is an essential part of smart city projects. It has particularly under the Smart Cities Mission, is expected to become almost mandatory in densely populated areas owing propel demand &present new opportunities in the cables & to increasing RoW issues. It is also being preferred owing to conductors’ segment. its benefits such as low susceptibility to damage from severe Wires and Cables Market Share Insights weather conditions, greater safety, protection against illegal Key players such as Prysmian S.P.A; Furukawa Electric Co. connections, theft & pilferage & better aesthetics. Government Ltd.; Nexans; Fujikura Ltd.; Sumitomo Corporation; Southwire also plans to undertake 100% electrification of its broad-gauge Company; Leoni AG; NKT A/S; Belden Inc.; LS Cable & System network by 2021-22 which involves electrification of almost Ltd.; and KEI Industries Ltd. held the leading position in the 40,000 route km of railway lines, which is a huge opportunity market. These companies are adopting various organic and for this market. Metro rail projects worth Rs 1.75 tn are at inorganic growth strategies. Extensive investments in smart various stages of approval & are likely to come up for bidding grid transmission have led players to aggressively receive in the next 5 years, creating a Rs 175 bn opportunity. Also, contracts and agreements. For instance, in 2017, LS Cable the oil & gas industry is set to invest Rs 6 tn over the next & System Ltd. received a contract from Power Grid Company 7 years, largely focusing on increasing the refining capacity of Bangladesh (PGCB), an overhead cable project worth $60 & developing new fields. And, this is expected to boost the Billion. LS Cable & System Ltd. will manufacture and supply cable industry as 3% of the capex in the oil & gas industry all the products and construct the transmission towers for is spent on cables. Reconductoring also increases the demand the project. as it enables utilities to transmit a higher quantum of power Mergers and acquisitions and partnerships have positively through existing corridors & can significantly scale down losses impacted the growth and are significantly driving the overall & instances of power outages. market share of key players. For instance, in August 2016, While the cable segment witnessed a positive growth, the Nexans and American Superconductor Corporation (AMSC) conductor segment experienced sluggish demand. With the entered into a partnership to market and sold AMSC’s Resilient development of large-scale RE plants & solar parks, there is Electric Grid (REG) system. The partnership involves AMSC and a need to lay down lines in order to connect them to existing Nexans to collaborate and deliver products and solution to grid. Meanwhile, investment in the coming years will continue electric utility customers in U.S. and Canada. Also, in June 2016, to be driven by the central government through schemes such as Nexans signed a framework agreement with Energinet.dk, a DDUGJY, IPDS & Saubhagya. Even though the DDUGJY scheme Danish Transmission System Operator (TSO). The agreement is nearing its target, the focus on household electrification was to deliver 500 km of high voltage (HV) cables, and the through Saubhagya will continue to sustain the demand in contract is worth more than 20 billion euros. EM

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Cover Story - 2 Testing & Measuring

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The Indian T&M market is driven by both global and domestic demand By the ComConnect Consulting recent years, with the focus shifting from pure play system or product research team Accurate testing and measurement is design to include other areas such as critical in electronic systems design product development, original design and manufacturing to ensure product manufacturing (ODM), etc. Therefore, quality. Test and measurement immense business opportunities are (T&M) systems play an essential brewing in the Indian T&M industry. role in ratifying the performance of a wide range of electronic products. Increased product complexity has spurred the demand for precision testing at every stage of the product’s life cycle, right from design and development to production testing, pre- and post-market testing, as well as support. Thus, the growth of the test and measurement industry goes hand in hand with the growth of the electronics industry in the country. To find out more about the latest developments in the T&M space, the ComConnect Consulting team did some market research.

Market opportunities India has the potential to be among the forerunners in the next phase of technology innovations. The Indian electronic systems design and manufacturing (ESDM) sector has witnessed steady growth in

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Performance of an electromechanical system is determined by the performance of individual power electronic components and switching devices. Hence, there is a need for accurate measurement of responses of power electronics, and other electrical and physical parameters. This article describes the different types of measurement equipment required for power electronic systems. To select a measuring instrument for testing these systems, it is necessary to understand the testing parameters at various development stages. Test and measurement (T&M) equipment enable predictive and preventive inspections to minimise the risk of defects, accidents or electronic systems breakdowns. You can also derive optimum efficiency and operation for all kinds of troubleshooting.

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Testing & Measuring

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High growth in the Indian T&M equipment market is due to technology developments, expanding end user applications and the growing need to validate the performance of equipment. Other factors driving growth in the T&M domain are the stringent quality, safety and environmental standards for manufacturing, maintenance and the use of equipment. Moreover, proper implementation of government initiatives like Make in India, 100 Smart Cities, Digital India and the defence manufacturing drive will definitely open up new opportunities for T&M industry players. According to the industry experts who participated in the survey, the current Indian T&M market (that’s linked to the ESDM industry) has an approximate turnover of US$ 150-200 million. However, the market presents a much bigger opportunity considering that Frost & Sullivan, a market research firm, forecasts that the Indian market for general-purpose electronic T&M instruments will touch US$ 300 million by 2022.

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Market drivers The Indian T&M market is driven by both global and domestic demand. Growth in this market is a result of the growth registered by the key end user segments like automotive, aerospace and defence, electronics design, etc. Defence and other government sectors have also been instrumental in driving the growth of this sector. Our experts forecast automotive followed by telecommunications, aerospace and defence as well as electronics design as the major demand generating application sectors. The trend of automotive companies switching to automated testing is driving up demand for T&M equipment. The increasing electronic content in vehicles—for infotainment, connectivity and safety purposes, along with the growing acceptance of green mobility (through e-vehicles) will also fuel the growth of the T&M sector. Besides, the increase in R&D activities across the electronics industry value chain is expected to drive up demand. The experts also highlighted ||www.electricalmirror.net||

India is an emerging solar hub of the world, considering that capacity for nearly 100GW of solar power is to be added in the next five years. So solar power could become a very important market for T&M products. Emerging trends The need for a connected and safer world, leveraging advances in the Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine (M2M) interaction, autonomous driving and 5G are the new technology trends that will lead to the growth of the T&M industry worldwide and in India too.

In the next five to ten years, a lot is expected to happen, whether in the wireless technology or application areas. For example, IoT is one of the key driving factors. The proliferation of smart devices has begun to influence the design and use of T&M equipment. Each ‘smart’ product has to go through a specific set of processes to ensure its usability and functionality for the intended purpose – and behind each of these steps are the design, manufacturing and testing procedures. T&M technologies are going to evolve accordingly. There are emerging needs for embedded/ the bright future of the defence manufacturing ecosystem in portable T&M solutions, IoT test solutions with remote India and the related opportunities for the T&M segment. troubleshooting capabilities, and solutions that can support India has vast potential in telecommunications and mobile the latest interfaces and protocols. manufacturing too. With the ‘Make in India’ initiative creating In wireless technology, the emergence of 5G is going to a wave of opportunities, mobile manufacturing is all set to change the technology landscape. The greater need for gain further momentum. Therefore, experts are also looking interoperability and 5G are the top two emerging trends forward to the burgeoning opportunities in mobile handset in the global T&M market. Two key features in 5G NR are manufacturing and allied verticals like mobile services, especially important for the realisation of higher data rates cable TV, broadcasting, etc. Smart cities are also likely to than in LTE—the use of millimeter wave frequencies (up boost the power and communications sectors in India and to 100 GHz) and support for significantly higher signal eventually contribute to the growth of the T&M industry. bandwidths. In particular, 5G NR supports signal bandwidths The demand for electricity across India has been growing at up to 100MHz for carrier frequencies below 6GHz and up a rapid rate and is expected to increase further in the years to 400MHz for frequencies in the millimeter wave range. to come. To address this, power generation, transmission These developments present new challenges for development and distribution companies will have to invest in reliable, engineers. Designing power amplifiers that exhibit the accurate and efficient equipment to protect their assets from necessary characteristics (e.g., linearity) is not easy and may failure. Therefore, the growth prospects of T&M equipment need new design approaches (e.g., digital predistortion). The related to the industrial electronics sector are quite promising. circuitry needed to generate frequencies in the millimeter ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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According to the latest study by Frost & Sullivan, titled, ‘Global Electronic Test and Measurement, Forecast to 2022’, the growth will span a range of technologies and cover the entire product life cycle—from R&D to manufacturing and quality assurance.

Testing & Measuring

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wave range requires well-thought out design and the careful selection of components in order to reduce the effects of phase noise introduced by mixers and multipliers. Beamforming also requires very good amplitude and phase synchronisation between antenna elements in active antenna systems. The high frequencies intensify the challenges for T&M methods. The short wavelengths and higher losses in circuits necessitate tight integration, making it impractical to supply connector ports for testing. At the same time, the effects of connectors and test fixtures become non-negligible, potentially affecting the validity of the measurements recorded. As a result, over-the-air (OTA) testing will play an important role. Automation powered by M2M interaction is the new technology trend in the power sector and, hence, the demand for automated products is growing. Accordingly, the new technological advancements like data logging DMMs and automated power-calculating power clamp meters will experience good growth. Online transmission line monitoring systems, compact tan-delta testing machines, automatic breaker testing machines, discrete monitoring of power losses at each feeder by distribution companies, etc, are some of the key areas of application.

touch’ user interface (UI) will enable companies to use equipment easily and efficiently. ‘Designed for touch’ UIs are crucial for creating an effective and usable touch screen, since it is not enough to simply add a touch screen to an existing UI. The new age T&M equipment needs to identify, isolate and analyse a system under test as quickly and efficiently as possible. Having an effective touch screen on the instrument can reduce the time it takes to configure the system and to analyse signals. Thus, instruments with better GUIs result in ease of operation and automated testing capabilities, which increases productivity. Faster switching power electronic devices The trend in power electronics is to push the operating frequencies higher to reduce size, weight and cost of the systems. This requires faster switching power electronic devices, such as SiC and GaN MOSFETS, and diodes. To test and characterise such devices, you need faster measurement devices like higher bandwidth oscilloscopes and power analysers.

For design and architecture stages, key factors that help select test instruments include high-frequency dynamic behaviour, static behavior, fast inverter switching, trigger for individual waveforms and overshoot on pulses. Measurement at this With respect to the user experience, touch screen technologies stage requires mixed-signal oscilloscopes with multiple are going to revolutionise the T&M environment. A channels. combination of the right hardware with a ‘designed for Measured parameters Dynamic behaviour of power electronics can be measured with a scope order (oscilloscope-cum-data acquisition recorder). A data acquisition recorder handles a wide range of power measurements and captures high-resolution details with a 12- or 16-bit ADC. A space order carries out complex calculations to measure power factor, active power and harmonics using a digital signal processor. Dynamic parameters such as switching times (Trise, Tfall, Tdelay or Trr) use high- bandwidth oscilloscopes. Static parameter measurements need curve tracers and parametric analysers. Static parameters include VCEon, VDS, RDSon, VF, VGE and leakage currents using curve tracers. Switching energies such as Eon, Eoff and Err are measured using high-bandwidth current probes and oscilloscopes with math functions. Quality control measures Power analysis, conversion efficiency and harmonics are

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THINK SAFETY THINK

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BATTERY INTERNAL RESISTANCE TESTER KM 930 FEATURES ● Use for Battery Internal Resistance Measurement, Battery Voltage Measurement, Temperature Measurement ● Resistance range : 0.000mΩ～3Ω ● Voltage Measuring range : 0.000V ~ 70V ● Temperature Measuring range : -10.0°C ~ 60.0°C ● USB interface : With micro USB interface ● Bluetooth connection ● Hold & Store Function ● Measurement Judgment Function ● Insulation Resistance : Above 20MΩ (500V Between circuit and case ) ● Safety regulations IEC 61010

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FEATURES — The Battery Quality Analyzer is designed for measuring the internal resistance, open- circuit voltage, and terminal temperature of secondary batteries, including Lead Storage Cells (Lead - Acid batteries), nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries. — AC four-terminal method to measure the internal resistance by eliminating lead resistance and contact resistance to get the accurate results. — Multiple display to show the internal resistance, voltage and temperature or voltage, current and temperature of the battery simultaneously. — It has 99 sets of composite comparator function, which can be set at resistance and voltage values to get the reliable detection of battery deterioration. — Pin type lead, which can easily contact the battery electrodes supplied as standard to get more accurate 4-terminal measurement. — Clamp adaptor for DC current or AC current measurements.

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Shop No.18, 1st Floor, CIDCO Shopping Complex, Plot # 9, Sector-7, Rajiv Gandhi Marg, Sanpada, Navi Mumbai-400705. Tel : (022) 27754546, 27750662, 27750292 E-mail : sales@kusam-meco.co.in Web. : www.kusamelectrical.com

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Testing & Measuring

measured for efficiency validation. A power analyser measures efficiency, total harmonic distortion and power factor correction of circuits. For these, the test power analyser should be of high accuracy and high stability. It should have calibration ability that can measure highly distorted current and voltage waveforms accurately. Online inspection and troubleshooting are important to reduce costs and downtime, and improve the efficiency of various electronic components. For online inspection, thermal imagers are useful for PCBs and SMD cards, for fault diagnosis and research purposes. This is due to their high IR resolutions of 320×240 pixels and 640×480 pixels. These can also be used for the mass production of electronic components for monitoring, processing and quality control. T&M equipment for power electronics Nitin Shetty, chief executive officer, Convergent Technologies, says, “A galvanic ally-isolated solution like Tektronix TIVM Series IsoVu can resolve high-bandwidth differential signals up to 2500Vpk in the presence of large common-mode voltages. The latest T&M technology for power electronics is 8-channel, 12-bit ADC and deep memory MSO 5 series oscilloscope. “MSO is available with eight high-resolution channels, easy-to-use user interface and a large HD touch screen display along with advanced IsoVu probing solutions. It is suitable for designing an inverter, optimising a power supply and testing communication links. It measures across a current shunt resistor, debugging electromagnetic interference or electrostatic discharge issues, and eliminates ground loops in a test setup.” Convergent Technologies offers multiple solutions. These include:

necessitates low-voltage and high-current power supplies to characterise system performance. Efficiency, total harmonic distortion and power factor correction of the systems are measured using regulated AC and DC supplies and power analysers.” He adds, “We provide SiC MOSFET technology and full SiC modules, an extensive series of SiC products like MOSFETS, Schottky barrier diodes and more. We also have regulated AC and DC power supplies, electronic loads, LED load simulators, high-bandwidth oscilloscopes with math functions and spectrum analyser packages. Torque simulators such as Magtrol are used for testing motor drives. Low-footprint, precise current probes are used for measuring the currents in circuits.” Parag Yelegaonkar, business development manager, Testo India, says, “Our latest and most advanced solutions are electrical instruments for inspecting electrical components and circuit failure threats. These ensure longevity and efficiency of various power electronic components that control and regulate the flow of electrical energy. “Our unique clamp meters and millimeters are intuitive, can measure several parameters in a single component and have patented features. The new range of thermal imagers with smartphone integration is designed to deliver networked thermography mostly used for predictive and preventive maintenance in electric and power sectors. Wireless operation, with the ease of saving and transferring data over networks, makes these user-friendly, interactive and cost-effective.” Challenges Measuring current is always a challenge, as the current

• 4-, 6- or 8-flexi channel, 12-bit resolution Tektronix MSO5 oscilloscope with advanced power analysis solutions for three-phase power electronics, automotive electronics, power supply design and DC-to-DC power converters • Battery-operated Tektronix TPS2000 series oscilloscope with fully-isolated and floating channels • Single- and three-phase power analysers: PA3000and PA1000 series from Tektronix

Vijay Bolloju, manager – applications engineering, Rohm Semiconductors, says, “The requirement of power systems for automotive systems have increased considerably due to heavy electric vehicles and their development activities. This 52

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probes tend to be bulky and invasive. High-bandwidth compact current probes measure low currents (<5A). These are needed to test low-power systems like ceiling fans and other consumer appliances. To test high-speed power devices such as SiC and GaN MOSFETs, higher bandwidth measuring equipment are needed to capture fast-rising switching waveforms. Equipment for measuring electromagnetic compatibility and surge tests tend to be quite expensive. Low-cost pre-compliance test equipment can expedite the design process.

Power quality, switching loss, harmonics, ripple, modulation and safe operating area measurements are other challenges in power electronics. These can be overcome by using latest and faster testing devices. A new way to test power electronics modules A new method for characteristic measurement and reliability testing of thermally sensitive power electronics modules is If they are designed to meet requirements without over-engineering, how can they then be tested for expected more efficient and gets to the problem quicker. lifespan reliability without putting them in a test environment With the focus on energy savings, there is a rapidly increasing for years, even decades? The main issues that typically affect emphasis on power electronics modules used in reusable reliability are thermal stresses and overheating. We can energy applications, such as solar arrays and wind turbines, approach this problem in steps. The first step is to design as well as the power grids that deliver electric energy the modules so that they will work from a heat conduction throughout the world. They are used in electric and hybrid point of view. The second step is to provide a method of vehicles and their charger stations. Motor drive controllers testing the modules for their expected lifetime. and even consumer product chargers use them. With this First Step: designing components and electronic products much use, small improvements in their efficiency can save for good heat management huge quantities of energy. The biggest enemy of reliability in electronic products is Meanwhile, several industry consortiums around the world heat. In an integrated circuit, excessive heat at the die are focusing on improvements to today’s power electronics can drastically reduce the chip’s life. In power electronics

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modules and their applications. The companies in these consortiums are concerned not only with the efficiency of the power electronics modules, but also their reliability because many of the applications require modules that must last for years and decades without replacement. The reliability challenge in power electronics Many of the applications for power electronics modules require long life spans. For example, in wind turbines that may be located out in the oceans, it’s impractical to replace the modules. For solar arrays on satellites, it’s basically impossible to fix them. Electric vehicles and hybrids are expected to last 15 to 20 years without major repairs. So the challenge is to create modules at low cost and weight that will not only support the extremely high current requirements, but also last for many years. One method is to over-engineer, the modules but this approach adds to the cost and weight.

Cover Story-II

Testing & Measuring

modules, such as IGBTs or MOSFETS, the constant heating and cooling caused by power cycling creates thermal stresses. To first design these modules for reliability and then test them for expected lifespan, a combination of design software and test and measurement hardware is needed.

Designing the internal components and the power electronics modules themselves is typically a two-step process. The first challenge is designing the package for optimized flow of the heat generated at the device junction through the multiple heat paths out to the extremities of the package. If optimized, the heat will flow into the printed circuit board (PCB) through conduction, be cooled by fluid (typically air) flowing over a heat sink (convection) or heat pipes, or radiate (radiation) into ambient air.

air is a poorer heat conductor than the solid material, the well-designed heat path will fail and the die will overheat. The same thing can happen if the actual substrate material forms stress cracks. A power electronics module has multiple wire bonds connecting to the die to carry the heavy current loads. These wire bonds can eventually crack because of the thermal stresses or can detach because of solder failure. Classic versus advanced reliability testing The classic method of lifespan testing for a power electronics module requires multiple cycles through various stages in a laboratory. Typically, the IGBT module is hooked up to a power cycling source. The module may be cycled through a few hundred or a thousand cycles. Then the module is dismounted from the power cycler and taken to a lab for failure testing. If the module has not failed, the process of power cycling and failure testing is repeated. Once the module is determined to have completely failed, it is taken to a lab to determine the cause of failure. This process can involve X-ray scanning, visual inspection or even destructive dissecting of the module.

A virtual prototype of the package can be analyzed with thermal simulation software to optimize the heat flow during the design process. This is done by providing the physical structure of the package and thermal properties of all the various layers and then using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) algorithms to estimate the flow of heat through the structure. Various experiments can then be performed with There are several issues with this classic method of reliability testing. First, it’s a long process. The repeated the virtual prototypes. Once a physical prototype of the package is built, the exact mounting, power cycling, dismounting and failure testing thermal characteristics can be determined using sophisticated is time-consuming, especially if the number of cycles to measurement hardware, such as the Mentor Graphics MicReD failure is high. Second, the cycle count to failure start may T3Ster thermal characterization system. This tester measures be indeterminate. Only after the module has completely and graphs the layer-by-layer thermal capacitance and failed could it be determined to have failed in the lab. Also, if the diagnosis shows multiple failures, it is not always resistance on a graph called a structure function. possible to determine the cause and effect; that is, which Reliability testing in power electronics So now you have designed a module with good heat failure was the initial one that caused the other failure. management, that is, it has significant heat flow paths New technology for reliability testing from the junction to ambient. But you still don’t really A more efficient process is needed that can determine the know the expected lifespan. A method of accelerating the exact cause of the failure quickly. Such a solution needs lifespan testing and understanding what exactly is going to to be able to measure electrical and thermal effects in the module during the power cycling and recognize the failure eventually cause the modules to fail is needed. cause in real-time, without having to rely on a post-mortem The main issue with high power electronic modules is the diagnosis. If the power cycling and measurement is contained thermal stresses imposed by the repeated heating and in the same hardware, there is no need to dismount the cooling as the module powers on and off during its normal modules from the power cycler and take them into the operation. In today’s applications, these modules typically laboratory for failure analysis. Recent developments in run from 100 to 1,500 amps with life expectancy of tens the industry, such as the MicReD Industrial Power Tester of thousands up to millions of power cycles. These thermal 1500A from Mentor Graphics, are providing this capability. stresses and overheating can cause any number of failures. The various layers of the substrate can separate and, because The key to efficiency is to combine the power cycling with

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Testing & Measuring

Cover Story-II

on-line, real-time diagnostic testing and to be able to analyze multiple characteristics of the module under test simultaneously. An example uses a maximum of 1,500 amp power cycling that can either be applied to a single module or as many as three separate modules. It has measurement capability that senses the module’s structure, voltages, junction temperature, and other characteristics in real time. The touch-screen controls make it easy to set up and run, making it appropriate for both laboratory and production environment usage. Using the real-time structure function The structure function produced by the T3Ster provides the ability to “look” inside of the module and measure the thermal characteristics of the module’s substrate layers. This same technology can be used during the power cycling to sense substrate layer delamination and cracking.

voltage being applied during powering up of the module. If a bond fails, the resistance to the die will increase slightly, thus increasing the forward voltage slightly. Benefitting from the new technology The most obvious beneficiaries of a power tester like this that can be used in the lab, as well as the manufacturing floor, are the power electronics module suppliers themselves. They have three opportunities to use such a tester. The first is to use it during the design process to determine if they have created a design that meets their reliability goals while achieving their cost and weight specifications. Secondly, they then can use it to generate datasheet reliability specifications for their customers. The third use is as a production-line quality-assurance tester to make sure that their production line has not varied by random sampling of modules as they come off the line.

Figure 4 shows a structure function graph with snapshots taken at this particular module’s 0; 5,000; 10,000; 15,000; 20,000 and 25,000th cycles. The blue and green lines are coincident and basically show the original “good” module’s layer characteristics. But at the 20,000th cycle, we see that the lines start to go more horizontal, indicating an increase in the resistance of the base plate solder layer. This continues to happen through the 25,000th cycle. The increase in resistance indicates a delamination of the layer, an interruption of the heat path from the die to ambient, and will probably result in overheating of the die and eventual failure.

The second beneficiaries are the Tier 1 suppliers who purchase the modules and then use them in their products. They might want to do their own reliability testing to determine lifespan expectancies, either to double-check the supplier specifications or if the supplier has not supplied specifications. They might also want to do random sampling of modules as they purchase them to make sure they still fall within specifications.

With the classic method of testing, a failure may not have been recognized at this point. Later in the classic process, after complete module failure, multiple layers may have delaminated because of the excessive heat, but failure of the initial layer would not have been seen. Other causes of failure diagnosed The structure function can be used effectively to sense such failures as substrate layer delamination and cracking. But other failures can occur in the modules, such as wire bond cracking or solder failure. For these types of diagnostics, the power tester has to include very sensitive methods of measuring changes in voltages and currents. For a module that contains multiple wire bonds per die, the ability to see when a single bond has failed is needed. This can be achieved by measuring small increases in the forward

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OEM product developers have the most interest in good reliability. If their end-product does not hold up, they may be subject to high warranty costs, recalls and reputation damage. They will surely want to test these modules before incorporating them into critical parts of their products. Conclusion The advantage of this platform is that all connected instruments behave as one tightly integrated multi-channel system, so users can scale their test system to fit their required channel counts cost-effectively. A system configured on this type of platform can stand alone as a complete measurement and automation solution, with the master unit controlling sourcing, measuring, pass/fail decisions, test sequence flow control, binning, and the component handler or prober. Support for dedicated trigger lines means that synchronous operations between multiple instruments equipped with onboard Test Script Processors that are linked by this high speed bus can be achieved without the need for additional trigger connections. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Ministry of Power Ministry of Heavy Industries

Government of India

Third Edition

Intelligence Electriﬁed

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Mr. Akilur Rahman Chief Technology Officer

Hitachi Energy India Ltd.

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Hitachi Energy is accelerating the evolution of the world’s energy system – with electricity as the backbone. Our industry-leading experience, deep domain knowledge, and pioneering technologies continue to accelerate the global energy transition. Beyond technical innovation, we also look to our impact on societies and how we can improve lives and inspire others. ||www.electricalmirror.net|| ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. How is Hitachi Energy’s business shaping up in India?

Which are the new technological innovation and digital efforts that Hitachi Energy has successfully focused on? As a key architect in nation-building, Hitachi Energy has been strongly serving utility, industry, and infrastructure customers across the electric power and energy value chain and in emerging fields like sustainable mobility, smart cities, energy storage and data centers. With a proven path, worldwide footprint, and unequaled installed base, it has also upheld the social, environmental, and economic values of the country. Towards creating a lower-carbon society and a cleaner environment for a sustainable future for all citizens, the company is a strong contributor to the goal.

Hitachi Energy holds in high regard for shaping real value through data-driven upheaval. As a company, we are spirited and pliant, and I believe these are some purposeful qualities that will help an organisation to be a success in today’s day and age. Identifying entirely new ways of working across boundaries, toward operational autonomy and faster time to innovation and at the core is the ability to harness the right data to make intelligent decisions that will transform businesses.

• OceaniQ™- Portfolio for the offshore energy environment pioneering solutions to help accelerate the clean energy transition. OceaniQ will result in greater volumes of wind power being efficiently harvested and integrated into the world’s energy system. • e-mesh™: Infinite insight- The e-mesh™ digital ecosystem enables the digitalization of distributed energy resources. The power generation infrastructure is decentralized, consumers are becoming prosumers, and the aging grid system is unable to accommodate this new transition. In parallel, renewables are also steadily increasing, and with the emergence of IoT, cloud and low-cost battery energy storage systems, the power system has become highly complex today. While this trend is contributing to sustainable energy production, it also helps to provide energy independence for participating stakeholders such as commercial and industrial enterprises, independent power producers, and remote communities. The challenge remaining for all stakeholders is how to adapt to this new decentralized model.

Q. How do you look at the future demand trend for

digital technologies in the power sector? Digital technologies have been developed and deployed in power systems since several decades. Hitachi Energy has been providing them in terms of its core products and systems of communication, protection, control, SCADA, Energy Management systems. The future demand of digitalization will be more on real-time asset performance management, The new technological innovation and digital efforts are automated/robotic inspection, reliability-centered predictive translated into customer value proposition such as: and prescriptive operation and maintenance of assets and • RelCareTM- Targeted advanced maintenance based systems, renewable energy forecasting and transactions. on real-time monitoring of substation system key Today, the aging grid system is unlikely to be able to performance indicators, dynamic system reliability accommodate the up-to-the-minute transitions as consumers and financial modeling become prosumers with the decentralization of the grid • EconiQTM- EconiQ’s portfolio is sustainability-oriented in system. Parallelly, renewables are steadily on the rise with design to deliver superior environmental performance the emergence of IoT, cloud and low-cost battery energy compared to conventional solutions. storage systems making the power system highly convoluted. • Grid-eMotionTM- A game-changing EV charging system While this trend is contributing to sustainable energy

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The company has energized sustainable, clean, and reliable power in North-East Agra transmission link, the World’s first multi-terminal UHVDC transmission link to provide sustainable and reliable power. We also commissioned the bi-directional Raigarh- Pugalur UHVDC Transmission link which, based on load, helps carry thermal power from north to south and wind power from south to north. Hitachi Energy electrified the Indian railways thereby modernization of the fourthlargest rail network in the world.

for largescale e-mobility. Next-generation silent, flexible and zero-emission urban mass transportation.

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production, helping to provide energy independence for participating stakeholders such as commercial and industrial enterprises, independent power producers, and remote communities, it poses a challenge for all stakeholders on how to adapt to this new decentralized model. The ecosystem of digital technologies enables the digitalization of distributed energy resources.

penetration of the electric vehicle is made possible. Proper planning to monitor and control charging infrastructure is essential, as an unplanned increase in penetration of EVs in an area can lead to an increase in peak load of an already stressed distribution network. The deployment and scaling in urban areas greatly depend on the quality and access of infrastructure, and the facilitation of a supply chain.

The Smart Grid is a modern intelligent network adapted to a new global paradigm, that improves the quality of life by making the grid agile, flexible, and secure. Hence it is important to leverage smart technologies to intelligently respond and adapt to changes in the grid, thereby making them key to sustainable transformation. In the future, smart grid technologies will enable effective management and . How does automation empower the future of power distribution of energy sources.

The future demand trend will be focused on the utilization of digital technologies such as inexpensive sensors, data science, AI-ML, Software Defined Machines and networks, Digital Twin, 5G communication, blockchain, time-sensitive network, and above all cyber security technologies to continuously improve performance of renewable assets, systems, and operations.

INTERVIEW

grids in India? The power grid industry is embracing and amalgamating the shift from proprietary technology to fortifying automation systems with modern information technology and within a short span has made significant advances toward the smart grid. This switch has brought the secluded and restricted network of power control systems into the public domain. Pursuits of India’s energy transition are robustly unified with the advancement of technology led by progressive digital transformative initiatives, which will offer accelerated development in the way equipment is designed, manufactured, and maintained. Artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and smart grids are a few disruptive innovations helping faster energy transition. Disruptive technology solutions, however, need to have an integrated interface between old and new technologies to make them affordable and sustainable.

Q. What are the latest digital tools and technologies

used for automation of the grid in a modern age of electrification? Some of the tools and technologies which have evolved based on strong domain knowledge and experiences are: • TXplore™ transformer inspection robot- It accomplishes internal inspection examining the structure of the transformer without the need to remove the oil and send an inspector into the confined space of a power transformer. The wirelessly controlled robot connects to the experts in the field as well as in factories and technology centers for analytics and actions. • Lumada APM- Integrated Hitachi Energy’s Digital Enterprise flagship solutions of asset and enterprise performance management into Hitachi’s Lumada portfolio to make power assets smarter. This Digitalized asset performance management from the field with sensors to the boardroom is based on

The formidable challenges faced by the industry of protecting the automation systems from security threats, due to the integration of different systems, originally without consideration of security protection and mechanism, resulted in tremendous cost and performance benefits to the power industry. It is of utmost necessity to embrace and use existing IT security solutions where they fit, such as communication within a control center, and develop new solutions to fill the gaps where IT solutions do not work or apply.

• IdentiQTM- A digital twin of an HVDC converter station,

With the automation of power grids and integrated planning for the distribution of grid management large-scale

combined with one-click access to all the associated plant and

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industry-leading performance models which incorporate the expertise of over 40 years of servicing critical industrial equipment of all manufacturers STATCOM or other power quality solution. It provides all the relevant asset information, analytics and operational data in an intuitive and easy-to-navigate dashboard, which users can customize to match their needs. IdentiQ includes 3D interactive visualization of the complete asset,

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modernization of grids, by augmenting its grid integration operational and maintenance procedures, safety training and portfolio through power quality solutions and system studies. live operational data for monitoring and analytics. Aligned with the government, the company is engaging in fostering technology and fundamental framework. equipment information, including engineering documentation,

Q. What is the role of SCADA in controlling the grid?

And what technology is used to navigate SCADA? With the grid growing more complex, operators need complete visibility across traditional network boundaries. From generation, transmission and distribution to railways and airports, SCADA systems, automation, and communications solutions improve the reliability and efficiency of electrical power infrastructure. Hitachi Energy's advanced energy management systems and services help industry and utilities to boost capacity, enhance security and improve productivity.

Adding feather to the cap is Asia’s longest road tunnel project - Atal tunnel. Featuring a state-of-the-art ventilation system to support critical connectivity link. It pushes to heighten its leadership position in its transformers and grid automation business in high-growth segments such as rail and data centers. Recently, Hitachi Energy India, achieved 100% fossil-free electricity in its own operations in India.

Looking ahead, Hitachi Energy India is continuing to work towards achieving the milestone of carbon neutrality in its operations by 2030. Through its Sustainability 2030 plan . How is Hitachi Energy contributing or adding to India’s and targets, Hitachi Energy India reinforces its commitment energy growth and development? of ‘Advancing a sustainable energy future for all’ and Hitachi Energy foresees India’s fundamental growth drivers championing the urgency of a clean energy transition in and is increasing our footprint, opening new factories, India through innovation and collaboration – towards a and expanding existing ones. The aim is to support the carbon-neutral future. EM

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For example Network Manager SCADA is a real-time, cybersecure platform for a wide range of control and monitoring applications. The solution is designed with advanced power system analysis and control algorithms for mission-critical applications that demand high performance and availability, such as power generation, transmission and distribution systems, and electrical networks for railways and airports. It supports networks of all sizes, from local grids to large-scale networks with millions of devices, deterministic communication and high volumes of data throughput.

Apropos enabling India’s carbon-neutral ambitions, the company has energized the biggest hydroelectric project in Jammu and Kashmir, commissioned the Raigarh-Pugalur 800kV transmission link - one of the longest ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission links for Power Grid Corporation of India Limited. To rear and propel smart electric grid technology education, skills development, and research activities Hitachi Energy joined hands with the National Institute of Technology, Warangal, and marked the moment with a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).

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Mr. Kalidas Bhangare Managing Director

Testo India PVT. Ltd.

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At Testo we exactly understand the customer requirements; therefore, a central task is to pay constant attention to new technology. We as the market leaders take everything concerned with the product seriously: service, support, and availability. We commit before the sale, after the sale, and in all phases of the application. ||www.electricalmirror.net|| ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. How is TESTO INDIA’s business shaping up in India?

Which are the new technological innovation and digital efforts that TESTO INDIA is successfully focused on?

Testo India is a market leader in testing & measuring equipment industry. Over the course of last 15 years, our company has observed exponential growth over the years through our growing customer base, wide spread channel partners and continuously increasing application areas. Our focus has been to develop smart products that are intuitive, connected to your mobile phone & at par with the rapid industrial advancements.

. What has been TESTO INDIA’s journey during the COVID period and after the lockdown?

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Q. What are the market’s challenges, particularly in terms

of cost, technical advancement, and getting raw materials?

India is an emerging market for testing and measurement industry which we have been serving for over fifteen years. The T&M market continues to grow along with industries and the demand for measuringinstruments used for preventive maintenance is more than ever. The problem with emerging markets has always been people lacking product awareness, lower technical requirements as compared to R&D segment. T&M industry must provide cost effective solutions for more complex technologies like IoT, etc. One of the main challenges of the T&M Industry is establishing connectivity for the devices that has not been connected before. One must maintain the balance between providing advanced technology while keeping in mind the prices should not go up. In terms of technical advancement products are expected to beextensive and flexible over a range of purposes (multifunction) not to mention be capable of a high performance.Instruments manufacturers are also expected to provide expertise along with technologically advanced, cost- effective products to capture as much data as possible. We have overcome most of these challenges through the smart and intuitive tech embedded in our devices which make data collection and report generation aseasy as possible. It’d not be wrong to admit that during & post the pandemic, procurement of raw materials was difficult as factories and suppliers were shut down due to shortage of manpower, resulting in delayed availability of raw materials required for the manufacturing of the instruments. But that is a global challenge and ever since industries and other commercial spaces started opening the manufacturing has gained pace and can now catch up with the demand from consumers.

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The COVID period was challenging for industries and companies at large. Operations were shut due to lockdown & the market in general was very slow. Testo too had faced difficult times but then there were segments likepharma that had to operate at max capacity due to high demands for drugs and medicines. Testo being a test & measurement expert played a crucial role in supporting the Pharma industry as it is extremely important to ensure effective storage of drugs and pharmaceutical products and maintain the environmental conditions suitable for them. We were already facing a scarcity of crucial medicines at a global level during the pandemic, so spoilage/wastage of medicines was a risk not to be taken. This is where storage & transport data loggers and data monitoring systems came into action. Moreover, as fever was the main symptom of the widespread disease, so to curb further spread, Testo thermal imagers were installed at public places & corporate offices to encourage mass thermal scanning of people and take preventive measures. These were extremely helpful tools during the pandemic, and we are honored to be of help during such a difficult period, doing whatever was possible. Ever since offices have started opening since lockdowns were almost lifted, indoor air quality became very crucial. The main cause of this being people becoming more careful about the quality of air in their offices or places of work where social interaction is at large. Most offices use centralized air conditioning, which means the air through a source is circulated everywhere. Although it might seem like a sustainable solution for energy saving purposes, the greater risk here is spreading of the pathogens if someone is infected of the disease and doesn’t know it yet. It is also crucial

to maintain right levels of carbon dioxide inside offices to ensure clean and fresh air. Several health regulations recommend that the air inside offices or any workplace needs to be regulated or replaced to reduce the risk of respiratory disease. Testo IAQ monitoring equipment have been very effective in ensuring the right balance.

Q. How successful was TESTO INDIA as a global player? or Q. How is TESTO INDIA contributing or adding to India’s

energy growth and development?

Testo India has always encouraged the implementation of right measurement methods with equally capable instruments that ensure desired output. If the processes are monitored well & optimized with measuring solutions helps in saving energy, increasing productivity and at the same time reduce wastage or downtime. Our predictive & preventive maintenance techniques have been very crucial for several high end industry applications. Adding to that we have an NABL accredited lab for post sale service & calibration purposes which provides services to all our customers locally. This Lab delivers calibration and servicing requests at par with the international standards. The growing number of customers due to the market demand for measuring || May 2022 ||

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Q. What customer support and services are TESTO INDIA

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offering?

instruments can be accredited to the development taking place in India and also to the importance of preventive maintenance. As per India’s new energy policy it is important the consumer receives services at affordable prices, improved energy security and independence, greater sustainability, and economic growth. We think that testo has been very successful in keeping up with the same as our product range offers advanced technology with appropriate prices which is in coherence with the market & supports the cause of green environment and energy conservation.

Q. What are the new products showcased by TESTO INDIA in recent years?

A lot of smart and intuitive products have come up in the market in the recent years, many of which are the upgraded versions of the previous models. From refrigeration applications to power plants the latest products have been developed to justify the upcoming needs and enable easier measurements. The latest Smart digital manifold with Bluetooth are revolutionary products in the refrigeration segment, the new multifunction instruments with interchangeable probes can be used to measure the ranging from volume flow to other crucial parameters with on site reporting & documentation. The thermal imager 883 was recently launched with the vision of acquiring high quality thermal images of anomalies & defects. Overheating in electrical panels, hotspots or cold spots in circuits, inspection of solar panels & power plants can be easily achieved with high accuracy & details. The instrument is equipped with intelligent image management and site recognition technology which also helps with documentation. Now the troubleshooting of industrial equipment, condition monitoring and the monitoring of all climatic parameters has become smarter and super convenient.

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When it comes to support and services offered by Testo India, one cannot forget to assert the importance of having a service & calibration lab with NABL accreditation which helps deliver a global standard in quality. We are capable of undertaking calibration jobs for several parameters like temperature, humidity, dew point etc. We aid our customers from the beginning of the sales cycles and provide expertise regarding their applications & usage of the products. We not only support with the current instruments in the market but also with the ones which are obsolete. We provide calibration services throughout the lifecycle of the product. Over the time it was observed through experience in the business that a lot of time and resources are wasted procuring the spare part and deploy it to the customer. We take pride in providing spare parts in a short time limit since the spare parts too are a part of our inventory. We store spare parts so that no time is wasted in waiting to get hold of the part. Idle time is never advisable for businesses running on a large scale. Along with that, we provide support to our customers in helping them operate the devices and maximize their usage and the value they get from the device. As long as it is easy for the customer to operate the device without much assistance required (except for, at the beginning) it can produce a lot of value of the required application, and it can serve as an important function of the return-on-investment factor. Expert opinions are offered to the customers to help them make the correct choice for their applications.

Q. What will be the industry's outlook for coming years?

The future looks promising as India’s growing markets make way for advanced technologies to thrive and preventive maintenance holding ground for cost-effective solutions for already existing infrastructure. Our instruments will aid the user in increasing the overall life of your product, devices, process etc. due to the diligent monitoring and data collection provided by the devices. As the industry grows more and more dependent on collecting data for future automation, the testing and measurement industry is here to stay and so are companies like ours. Data is the future. For effective functioning of machineries and predicting malfunctions even before they take place, collecting records of the per-cursor events that could lead to the breakdown can help in its prevention. Larger the amounts of data we collect, finer will be the working of automated devices as they will be pre-programmed to avoid failure, as much as possible. Along with data collection, most devices are used to monitor the behavior of a particular system, and this not only expands the area of application but spreads to even more realms we never knew existed. Customer satisfaction is the key, and we thrive to create solutions for our industry. For more details write to us on info@testo.in or log on to www.testo.com EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Lightning Arrester

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Earthing (Grounding) of Lightning (Surge) Arrester in Substation- Review of Codes & Regulations Abstract: Lightning Arrester are the equipments which sacrifice themselves to protect the other costly equipments in the system, but proper attention must be given while doing earthing (grounding) of these front line warriors of power system. When surges occur, the arrester immediately limits, or clamps, the overvoltage condition by conducting the surge current to ground. After passage of the surge, the arrester returns to its initial state. This article throws light on the fundamental facts of earthing (grounding) of lightning (surge) arresters as per the prevailing practices of utilities / codes/ regulations etc. Key Words: Lightning (Surge) Arrester, Earthing (Grounding) , Earth Electrode, Regulations & Codes 1. INTRODUCTION The main objective of grounding electrical systems is to provide a suitably low resistance path for the discharge of fault current / Lightning discharge current which ultimately provide safety to working personnel and costly installed equipments in the substation/Industry/Residential building. Lightning (Surge) arresters are

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voltage limiting devices used to protect electrical insulation from voltage spikes (Surges) in a power system. The job of a surge arrester is to protect the system from damage due to overvoltage conditions. In the past surge arresters were called Lightning Arresters, this name was based on their primary function of protecting electrical insulation from lightning strikes on the system. The more generic term "Surge Arrester" is now used to encompass overvoltage conditions which can occur from numerous other sources, such as switching operations and ground faults. (Refer figure 1)

Fig 1 LIGHTNING (SURGE) ARRESTER IN SUBSTATION

Electrical surge produces a large transient over voltage in the electrical network and system. The shape of the transient over voltage has a steeply rising front with slowly decaying tail as shown in the figure 2 below. This steep voltage wave travels through

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the electrical network and causes over voltage stresses on all the electrical insulators and equipment come under its travelling path.

Lightning Arrester

Fig 2 TYPICAL WAVE FORM OF LIGHTNING SURGE

The most commonly used Surge arrester types (Refer Figure 3) are: • Rod gap arrester • Expulsion type surge arrester • Valve type surge arrester • Metal oxide varistor surge arrester

Fig 3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURGE ARRESTERS

In modern era, gapless ZnO or zinc oxide surge (MOSA) arresters are mainly used for surge protection. ( please refer Figure 4)

voltage surge to discharge to ground. As soon as the system voltage drops below the predetermined value, insulation between the conductor and ground is restored and further current flow to ground stops. To perform this protective function satisfactorily, arresters must: • Not allow current to flow to the ground as long as the system voltage remains normal. • Provide a path to ground, when the system voltage rises to a predetermined valve above normal, to dissipate the energy from the surge without raising the voltage at which the circuit is operating. • Stop the flow of current to ground, as soon as the system voltage drops below the predetermined value, and restore the insulating qualities between the conductor and ground. • Not be damaged by the discharge and be capable of automatically repeating discharging process frequently when required. The performance of any arrester is dependent on a good connection to earth (ground). Arresters will not function without a proper earth (ground); they are totally useless. The arrester should be placed as close as possible to the equipment, that is to be protected and leads connecting arresters to ground should be kept as short as possible. What exactly does a surge arrester do? •It Does not Absorb the Lightning • It Does not Stop the Lightning • It Does Divert the Lightning to Ground • It Does Clamp (limit) the Voltage produced by the Lightning or switching • It Only protects equipment electrically in parallel with it.

3.0 SURGE ARRESTER EARTHING (GROUNDING)

Fig 4 DRAWING of ZnO SURGE ARRESTER

2.0 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SURGE ARRESTER

When a voltage surge traveling along the conductor reaches the point at which a lightning arrester is installed it breaks down the insulation of the arrester momentarily, allowing the 68

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Earth connections to surge arresters must be reliable and have low impedance. Bends in the arrestor phase or neutral end leads can add significant impedance and reduce the protection level of the arrestor. As such connections should be as short and straight as possible and have sufficient cross-sectional area. The earth connections of the arrestors must be connected with the earthing system of the station. The statutory requirement of Central electricity Authority (CEA) Regulations 2010 (with latest amendments) have to be complied with. Therefore, the arrestor should be connected with the shortest possible direct connection, on both the line and earth side, to reduce the inductive effects while discharging high frequency surge currents. All the connections should be firm and preferably exothermic connection. Use of flexible cable or lead and excessive bends is to be avoided in these connections. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Special attention needs to be paid for connecting the surge counter as close to the surge arrestor as possible. This needs to be taken into consideration for 400 kV, 765 kV, 1200 kV Surge Arrestors and even for the surge arrestors, which are mounted at high level. A typical earthing arrangement of a surge arrestor is shown in Figure 5.

4.0 LOCATION OF ARRESTERS

The ideal location for lightning arresters, from the standpoint of protection, is directly at the terminals of the equipment to be protected. At this location, with the arrester grounded directly at the tank, frame or other metallic structure which supports the insulated parts, the surge voltage applied to the insulation will be limited to the discharge voltage of the arrester. However, it is not always possible, especially at higher system voltages. When arresters are located away from the terminals of the protected equipment, the voltage wave will reflect positively on the equipment terminals and the voltage magnitude at the terminal point will always be higher than the discharge voltage of the arrester. The closer the arrester is to the protected equipment, the greater the effect of the reflected surge on arrester discharge and the better the protection. A common question which comes in the mind of substation engineer is : “How far from transformer can we install lightning arrester without compromising adequate protection?” The answer, of course, is not simple and is one that generally needs calculations. As the value of the power transformers is so substantial, this question cannot be taken for granted. The general rule of thumb is: “Locate the arrester as close as possible to the bushings of the transformer”. This rule is one that can be suggested whenever possible; however, it is not always possible, especially at higher system voltages. There are several tools available that may be helpful i.e. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

5.0 REGULATIONS & CODES / GUIDES ON EARTHING

The following reference from different regulations , code or guide will help the engineers to understand the method of earthing of lightning arresters. 1. Clause 25.6.1 IS 3043:2018: Earth connections to surge diverters should be of sample cross-section and as direct as possible; they should not pass through iron pipes which would increase the impedance to surges of the connection. The earth connections of the diverters should be interconnected with the main earthing system since, for the effective protection of the substation equipment, a definite connection of low impedance between the equipment and the diverters is essential. 2. Clause 8.3.5 Surge Arrestor Earthing – CBIP Manual of Earthing ,339 2018 : Earth Connection to Surge Arrestors must be reliable and have low impedance. Bends in the arrestor phase or neutral end leads can add significant impedance and reduce the protection level arrestor of the arrestor. As such connections should be as short and straight as possible and have sufficient cross-sectional area. The earth connections of the arrestors must be connected with earthing system of the station. The statutory requirement of Central Electricity Authority(CEA) Regulations 2010 (with latest amendments) have to be complied with. As per clause 74(2) of CEA(Measures Relating to Safety and Electric supply) Regulations 2010[6],”earthing lead for any lightning arrestor shall not pass through any iron or steel pipe, but shall be taken as directly as possible from the lightening arrestor without touching any metal part to a separate-vertical ground electrode or junction of the earth mat already provided for the sub-station of voltage exceeding 650 V subject to the avoidance of bends wherever practicable.” Therefore, the arrestor should be connected with the shortest possible direct connection, on both the line and earth side, to reduce the inductive effects while discharging high frequency surge currents. All the connections should be firm and preferably exothermic connection. Use of flexible cable or lead and excessive bends is to be avoided in these connections. Special attention needs to be paid for connecting the surge counter as close to the surge arrestor as possible. This needs to be taken into consideration for 400Kv, 765Kv, 1200Kv Surge Arrestors and even for the surge arrestors, which are mounted at high level. 3. Clause 74 Protection Against Lightning – CEA Safety Regulation 2010 :

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Fig 5 GROUNDING (EARTHING) of ZnO SURGE ARRESTER

calculation method given IEEE Application Guide on Arresters C62.22. Besides above a few words of advice are given in IEC 60099-5.

I. The owner of every overhead line, sub-station or generating || May 2022 ||

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Lightning Arrester

station which is exposed to lightning shall adopted efficient means for diverting to earth any electrical surges due to lightning which may result into injuries. II. The earthing lead for any lightning arrestor shall not pass through any iron or steel pipe, but shall be taken as directly as possible from the lightning arrestor “without touching any metal part to a separate-vertical ground electrode or junction of the earth mat already provided for the sub-station of voltage exceeding 650 V subject to the avoidance of bends wherever practicable.

4. Clause 17.7 Surge Arrester Grounding- IEEE -80-2013:

Surge arresters should always be provided with a reliable low-impedance ground connection. Arresters should be connected as close as possible to the terminals of the apparatus to be protected and have the phase and neutral leads as short and straight as possible. For equipment such as transformers, breakers, and regulators, connecting the arresters from phase to the tank will minimize the surge voltage across the equipment’s insulation to ground. For equipment and all other applications, arrester neutral lead should also be as short and direct a path to the grounding system as practical to dissipate the surge energy to the earth. Bends in the arrester phase or neutral end leads can add significant impedance and reduce the protective level of the arrester. While many utilities provide separate ground leads from arresters mounted on metal structures, other utilities use the arrester mounting structures or the tank for the protected equipment as the surge arrester ground path because the large cross section of the steel members provides a lower resistance path than the usual size copper cable. In these cases it is important to ensure adequate electric connections from the structure to both arrester ground lead and ground grid. Also verify the steel cross-sectional area has adequate conductivity, and that no high resistance is introduced into joints from paint film, rust etc.

6.0 CONCLUSION

All electrical equipment in an electrical system needs to be protected from voltage surges. The following points are very

important: 1. What exactly does a surge arrester do? •It does not Absorb the Lightning • It does not Stop the Lightning • It does Divert the Lightning to Ground • It does Clamp (limit) the Voltage produced by the Lightning or switching • It only protects equipment electrically in parallel with it. 2. The closer the arrester is to the protected equipment, the greater the effect of the reflected surge on arrester discharge and the better the protection. 3. The performance of any arrester is dependent on a good connection to ground. Arresters will not function without a proper ground; they are totally useless. The arrester should be placed as close as possible to the equipment, that is to be protected and leads connecting arresters to ground should be kept as short as possible. 4. For arrester ground leads, almost any conductive material including steel, stainless steel, cast iron, copper cable, steel cable, etc. can be used. In addition, the diameter or width is of minor consequence, only length is important in protection considerations

Reference:

[1] IEC 60099-4 Surge arresters – part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for A.C. systems. [2] IEC 60099-5 Surge arresters – part 5: Selection and application recommendations. [3] IEEE Std C62.11-2020 Standard for Meta-Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuit(>1kV) [4] IEEE Std. 80-2013, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, New York, NY: IEEE [5] IS 3043-2018 Indian Standard Code of Practice for Grounding [6] Manual on," Grounding of A C Power Systems,” CBIP [7] Operation Manuals of different OEM EM

Author Dr. RAJESH KUMAR ARORA obtained the B. Tech. & Master of Engineering (ME) degrees in Electrical Engineering from Delhi College of Engineering, University of Delhi, India in 1999 and 2003 respectively. He completed his PhD in grounding system design from UPES, Dehradun. He is also certified Energy Manager and Auditor and has worked in 400kV and 220kV Substation for more than 14 years in Delhi Transco Limited (DTL). He has also worked as Deputy Director (Transmission and Distribution) in Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission (DERC) for 03 years and 06 months. He has also given his contribution in the OS department of DTL for more than 2 years and rendered his services in the SLDC of Delhi Transco Limited (DTL) also. Presently he is working in D&E (Design and Engineering) department of DTL. His research interests include high voltage technology, grounding system, protection system, computer application and power distribution automation.

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ase Study of the Month

Er. P.K.Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as General Manager, EHT (O&M) Circle Bhubaneswar - Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems. Having 29 years of technical experience on various HT and EHT voltage level in the field of transmission sector. Specialization on the development technoeconomical design of protection control schemes for system development and planning. At present involved with various on-going projects on GIS, SAS and updated Remote SCADA control stations of OPTCL. Published 105 technical papers in National and International arena and is a regular contributor to the National journals like Electrical Mirror, Electrical India, CBIP journal and IEEMA journal and author of many technical books. Also Awarded in various arena on National level. He is also the coordinator of a Nationwide Power Engineers’ Technical Group named “SPARK- Ignited to share” consisting of Senior Electrical Engineers from different parts of the country. ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in

1. Introduction: For the last few months, the response of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronization of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station. 2.1. Issues on Melting of Hardware: During physical inspection of the 220 KV line for checking of tightening of clamps, it was found with melting of hardware face.

Observations:

1. This line was not quite excessive, for which the patrolling of the line was not done regularly. 2. So it was instructed for physical checking of the hardware at the jumper connection point on the transmission line regarding checking

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VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd…. of the nut and bolts. 3. The team pointed out one of the incident with melting of the interface point as like shown in the Fig 2.1.1. 4. This was seen with bid of heating spot at the interface. All the bolts were found in tightened condition. 5. The detail checking was done and the situation was analysed.

Detail Analysis and Technical Action

1. This was observed with shortened of flat portion of the jumper cone than that of L pad. 2. So the below portion was slightly fouling on the interface, for which in spite of Fig 2.1.1 Interconnection of proper tightening, gap used to develop Jumper Cone and L Pad ||www.electricalmirror.net||

5. 6. 7.

Recommendation:

Connection between Jumper cone and L Pad should be analysed before taking its final joint. 1. If found with SHORT FLAT FACE Jumper cone, then connect with L Pad Towards insulator string. 2. If Found with LONG FLAT FACE, can be connected on either face. 2.2. Issue on the CORE-FRAME and TANK: It was found with problem on the insulation resistance value between TANK and FRAME.

Observations:

1. During regular routine testing checkup for the transformer of 50 MVA of 110/33KV, it was observed with SHORT between TANK and FRAME while doing the IR (Insulation Resistance) measurement by 1KV megger. 2. The other values (CORE-FRAME and CORE-TANK) value was found above 2 Gohm. 3. The transformer was in service and found with no abnormality. 4. So, during re-charging of the unit, the OEM was asked of his opinion. On reply it was said to charge the transformer and nothing to worry as finally the Frame and Tank need to be interconnected and earth also. 5. But it was suggested by the experts to Fig 2.2.1 CFT box with inter-connected links investigate such reason

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of short-circuit before re-energisation.

Technical Analysis:

1. First of all, the reason of developing CFT links are to be known. a. This shorting was generally provided to maintain one-point Earthing of Metal parts of the transformer. b. So leads were brought from each metal part to the top of the transformer and maintained with an enclosure box, where links are provided between the terminals as like shown in the figure (Fig 2.2.1). c. The reason of one-point Earthing is to avoid circulating current in the loop. d. If so happens or made with multi-point Earthing, then due to flow of the circulating current, certain amount of heat may develop on this path. e. This un-wanted multi-point links may not affect the functionality of transformer, but in long run due to heating effect or temporary arching, certain objectionable gasses may develop in the transformer. f. These evolution of gasses may create confusion on the fault occurrence in the transformer. g. Moreover, sometimes these faulty link connection results with abnormal TAN DELTA value of the winding and confusion on the fault on the transformer winding. 2. Now let us analyze the reason why such things happen on the in-service transformer. a. In case of OLD running transformer, the sludge gradually sticks to the frame and results with less IR value during testing, but this may not affect the system. b. There might be manufacturing lapse and left with any inadvertent extended metal lead/wire, which in service running condition may cause short circuit. c. The insulator stack provided at the end point of the enclosure box, sometimes gets crack resulting with lower insulation value. d. In some cases, the leads coming out of the terminal box get connected to the common insulating pad. This pad sometimes cracks, resulting with lowering of insulation resistance.

w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

on the interface. Now this small gap was resulting the deposit of dust and other foreign particles between the gap with ingress of moisture. In due course, rise in temperature and subsequent arching on the inter-connection point had resulted the melting as like shown in the figure 2.1.1. The face was changed to insulator side instead of conductor side. So the plain face could easily be accommodated without resulting any gap in between. The problem was solved. Accordingly, it was instructed either change of the Jumper Cone with long Flat or connection to insulator side for the Short flat jumper cone.

Action Taken:

1. It was advised to perform few of the following tests i. TAN DELTA of the winding and found with no abnormality. ii. IR value of the CFT once again on removal of the links with 1Kv tester and PI Value (Ratio of IR value of 3 minutes to 1 minute) to know the trend pattern, || May 2022 ||

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Case Study

transformers in the system.

Final Recommendations:

1. It was recommended for parallel at all the Voltage level. 2. Both 66/33Kv transformers to be connected in parallel at 66KV and 33 KV Bus System by closure of the Bus-Coupler Breaker. 3. Similarly, both 33/11KV Transformers to be connected in parallel at 33KV and 11 KV Bus level. 4. Proper relay co-ordination need to be done with inter-trip protection command. 5. It was also asked the utility to up-grade the capacity of transformers at least to the limit of attaining the total load by any of the individual transformer

Case Study

Justification of such Recommendation Fig 2.3.1 Network with 10 MVA Transformer Capacity whether in rising or fluctuated mode. It was found with no abnormality, but results were observed with ZERO OHM between Tank and Frame. 2. Finally, it was concluded that some where the FRAME and Tank has been shorted internally. But this may not affect the working function of Transformer. 3. The transformer was charged successfully and kept for observation regarding heat development. 4. After few months it was observed with no any abnormality. Even all the tests were also conducted and found in order. 2.3. Paralleling of the Station Transformers: At one of the 66/33/11 KV Grid Sub-Station, it was available with three different level of Bus Bar system with Bus- Coupler arrangement.

Requirements:

1. It was required for paralleling of the Station transformers. 2. Three layer of BUS BAR arrangements were available (66 KV, 33 KV and 11KV) as like shown in the figure 2.3.1. 3. 66 KV system was the incoming BUS_BAR with LILO (Loop IN and LOOP Out) arrangement. Then Station transformers were available of rating 66/33 KV 5MVA of TWO numbers with inter-connection of 66KV and 33 KV Bus. 4. Similarly, there were of another TWO transformers with inter-connection of 33KV and 11 KV BUS of similar ration of 5 MVA each as like shown in the figure. 5. The radial loads are connected from the 11KV BUS of maximum requirement of 7.5 MVA. 6. Now suggestions were asked for parallel of the available

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1. The main purpose of the above recommendation is to maintain stable power supply to the system. 2. Here, the technical lacuna is regarding the capacity of individual transformer. The capacity is of 5 MVA against the total load being 7.5 MVA. So, in case outage of any one transformer unit, the required load cannot be met by the available transformer. So, solution is to provide special scheme in which the outgoing non-important target loads should be shed off to limit the load to the capacity of one transformer. This scheme could be developed as because of numerical relay being in the system, that automatically can issue tripping command to the pre-defined target loads. Similarly, on availability of the tripped transformer, the cut-off loads could be revived into the system. 3. The scheme is so designed that in the case of total low load availability (less than 5 MVA), the auto-cutoff commands to the pre-defined target feeders remain OFF. This scheme becomes active only for the condition of Total load becomes more than 5 MVA (Capacity more than one transformer). 4. The inter-trip facility is also provided to avoid the back flow of current and avoidance of fault to the upstream. 2.4. Problem on the Hardware Clamp: At one of 132/33 System, it was observed with heating of the TWIN PAD CLAMP and in some cases with minor crack.

Observations:

1. During early commissioning of the 132/33 KV Grid Sub-Station, the connected PAD CLAMP was of single point holding conductor groove. 2. But due to load rise requirement, it was planned to retrofit the single groove PAD CLAMP with double groove joints. Some bays were fitted with double joints as per requirement and others were left with the connections ||www.electricalmirror.net||

and fitted with one joints and other one kept blank for future purpose. 3. On observation it was experienced with followings issues a. The clamp fitted with both conductors was found with no abnormality. b. The clamp with one groove conductor connected and other one blank was found with minor crack and temperature rise on the Fig 2.4.1 Clamp connected conductor connected groove. with only one Groove (As like shown in Fig 2.4.1) c. This nature of abnormality was found with few of the Double Groove clamp.

Technical Analysis:

1. The situation of temperature rise and minor crack as observed in some of the double groove clamp was minutely observed and found with very minor cracks and slight temperature rise at the conductor connected groove. 2. This has happened as due to asymmetric tightening of the grooves. The one connected with conductor has the support of the clamp pad, but the one kept blank and tightened with nuts and bolts was about to press both side. 3. But out of these two grooves (One with conductor and other without) has different pattern of tightness of the clamp. Now due to this asymmetric tightness, the heating may result with very minute crack also.

4. 5.

from a GIS station. Accordingly, all installations were completed. The feeder bay was energized and stood OK. But after few hours of idle charged cable suffered with Bph-Earth fault. Detail checking was done and found with rupture of armouring as Fig 2.4.2 Pad Clamp connected like shown in the with Dummy Conductor fig 2.5.1. The adjacent cable was also found with damage of upper sheath, but with no any fault on the cable. The damage was not that severe, but due to same cable trench with no space in between the cables minor damage was being observed on the adjacent single core cable.

Action Taken:

1. The cable was repaired and jointed with straight run. 2. This multi-core cable was separately laid with another trench.

Solutions:

1. So it was suggested for the provision of dummy cut-piece conductor on the future spare groove as like shown in fig 2.4.2. 2. By doing so, the tightness could be symmetric and balanced on both of the grooves, without resulting any abnormality on the pad clamps. 3. So, it was decided to connect dummy conductor on all the pad clamps, if not used for double jumpering. 4. The practical issues were resolved and such concept was considered as the practice. 2.1. 3 Core HT Cable Fault: At one of the GIS Sub-station, it was found with armouring rupture fault and damaged the adjacent cable.

Observations:

1. It was planned for energization of a 33 KV feeder

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Fig 2.5.1 3 Ph multi-core cable getting damaged

Learnings:

1. From this simple fault incident, it was learnt that cables of different feeders are to be run through different cable trench as possible. 2. If planned in the same trench, then gap should be maintained to avoid fault effect on the adjacent cables. 3. Preferably single run cable should be taken instead of multi-core cable, so that revival could be easier in case of fault on any one cable. Moreover, the spare could be taken as a single core cable against three core set. EM

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Gensets

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Indian Diesel Gensets Market High Demand Outlook Through 2030 Market Overview The Indian diesel genset market is estimated to generate $816.0 million revenue in 2021 and grow at a CAGR of 9.4% during 2021–2030. The key factors responsible for the growth of the market include the advance of the manufacturing industry and rising demand for power for construction projects. The pandemic had a negative impact on the market for DG set in India, owing to the shutting down of manufacturing plants in order to curtail the spread of the disease. Furthermore, the production of diesel gensets was temporarily put on hold, and the demand for diesel gensets in 2020 also decreased due to the lockdown of various commercial establishments, including retail stores, offices, hotels, and airports. The reduction in the demand resulted in a price drop for diesel gensets, which further hampered the market progress. 5 kVA–75 kVA Category and Residential Category Held Largest Shares The 5 kilovolt-Ampere (kVA)–75 kVA category estimated to hold the largest share in the Indian diesel genset market, both in terms of volume and value, in 2021, under segmentation by power rating. This is attributed to the high-volume demand for these gensets

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from residential facilities, commercial complexes, small industries, restaurants, and telecom towers. Furthermore, macroeconomic growth in the country and surge in the number of construction and infrastructure projects are expected to result in a high demand for these gensets for meeting prime and auxiliary power requirements. Moreover, the residential category is estimated to account for the larger share in the market in 2021, based on application. This is mainly ascribed to the rising demand for backup and prime power in residential facilities. Additionally, the growth of this category is complemented by the rapid construction of residential buildings. Telecom Towers and Manufacturing Category To Witness Fastest Growth Telecom towers are expected to be the fastest-growing category in the market for diesel genset, during the forecast period (2022–2030), based on commercial application. This can be ascribed to the recent investments in the telecom sector to improve urban and rural connectivity and meet the requirements of a growing subscriber base. This is driving the installation of telecom towers across India, which, in turn, is resulting in the increasing demand for diesel gensets in the country.

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Special Theme

The manufacturing category is expected to be the fastestgrowing category in the market during the forecast period, based on industrial application. This will mainly be due to the high demand for medium- and high-power diesel gensets among small and large manufacturing companies in India. In the near future, fiscal initiatives, coupled with the foreign investments and improvements in the transportation and logistics network, are expected to drive the growth of the Indian manufacturing sector and, in the process, offer impetus to the demand for diesel gensets in the country.

Gensets

Karnataka to Witness Fastest Growth Geographically, Karnataka is expected to witness the fastest growth in the Indian diesel genset market during the forecast period. This can be mainly ascribed to the swift development of the commercial infrastructure and rising number of residential facilities. For instance, according to news published in Business Today in December 2020, the Center would undertake infrastructure projects worth $15.68 billion (INR 1.16 lakh crore) in Karnataka in the coming years. Moreover, according to the Economic Times in July 2021, the Karnataka government has decided to construct 900,000 houses over two years under different housing projects in the state.

Implementation of Stringent Regulations to Curb Emissions Is Key Market Trend On account of the significant outcry over the high pollution level in India, the government has adopted stringent laws for regulating the emissions caused by equipment and vehicles powered by diesel and other fossil fuels, including gensets. In 2016, the country proposed the rollout of Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) emission standards, which were implemented nationwide on April 1, 2020. They are primarily aimed at reducing vehicular pollution, especially from diesel-propelled automobiles. The standards also cover emissions from diesel generators and other internal combustion engines.

of India is expected to advance at a significant rate. Diesel generators are an indispensable part of the construction industry as they ensure a secure and constant supply of power at construction sites. Moreover, in recent years, India has witnessed strong economic growth, in addition to the initiation of several construction projects, including highways, roads, buildings, ports, and refineries, by both public and private players. Furthermore, the government support for infrastructure projects has amplified in terms of budgetary allocations and regulatory reforms, which are opening new sectors to private involvement and investments. Strengthening construction sector, booming transportation systems coupled with growing social infrastructure in the country would spur India diesel genset market forecast revenues over the next six years. Diesel gensets have become a major source of power in the construction of modern infrastructure. Further, gensets are also heavily deployed to provide back-up power across several application areas such as construction, residential and commercial verticals. India Diesel Genset Market Size is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6% during 2019-25. Diesel gensets with 5 kVA-75 kVA rating accounts for significant India diesel genset market share due to their wide usage across various applications, ease of availability, and low cost. Increasing utilization of lower rating gensets across domains such as telecom infrastructure in unreliable and off-grid areas would help 5 kVA-75 kVA diesel genset market segments to maintain its dominance during the forecast period. By region, the Southern region accounted for the highest revenue share in the overall market in 2018. The Northern region would however, witness a significant increase in demand for diesel gensets over the coming years on account of upcoming

Growing Manufacturing Industry and Demand for Power for Construction Projects Are Key Drivers According to the India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), the foreign direct investment (FDI) in India’s manufacturing industry amounted to $89.2 billion during April 2000– December 2019. India witnessed a major increment in the FDI during this period as a result of the easing of tax laws, provision of incentives, and rapid advancements in infrastructure in the country. Moreover, several mobile phone and automobile manufacturers have either commissioned or are in the process of establishing their manufacturing bases in India. Thus, with the growing manufacturing industry, the diesel genset market 78

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WHERE OTHER MATERIALS FAIL, EARTHING SPECIALISTS RELY UPON MARCONITE

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Special Theme

large-scale infrastructure projects such as Delhi Metro expansion and Lucknow Metro.

Gensets

India Diesel Genset market report thoroughly covers market by kVA ratings, applications and regions. India diesel genset market outlook report provides an unbiased and detailed analysis of the on-going India diesel genset market trends, opportunities/high growth areas and market drivers which would help the stakeholders to devise and align their market strategies according to the current and future market dynamics.

According to report, “India Diesel Gensets Market By Rating, By End User, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2011 – 2021”, the diesel gensets market in India is anticipated to register market revenues of around $2.9 Billion by 2021. Diesel gensets play a crucial role in providing reliable and high-quality power backup during power outages as well as stand-alone power generation systems. Diesel gensets are increasingly being used for meeting power requirements from various end users across industrial, commercial and residential sectors. Broadly, diesel genset finds application as standby power system when prime source of power is unable to meet electricity requirements. Diesel gensets are also used as prime power source as well as for peak shaving purpose.

over the next few years. In addition, the Department of Telecommunications has mandated many telecom companies to increase the proportion of hybrid-powered tower sites to 75% in rural areas and 33% in urban areas by 2020. All these developments are expected to positively influence the country’s diesel gensets market over the span of next five years.” “India Diesel Gensets Market by Rating, By End User, Competition Forecast & Opportunities and 2011 – 2021” has evaluated the future growth potential of India diesel gensets market and provides statistics and information on market size, structure and future market growth. The report intends to provide cutting-edge market intelligence and help decision makers take sound investment evaluation. Besides, the report also identifies and analyses the emerging trends along with essential drivers, challenges and opportunities in India diesel gensets market.

Power generation industry in India is largely split into conventional & non-conventional ways of generating electrical power. Historically, in India, prominent sources of generating electrical power are, hydel (water based), thermal (coal based), nuclear (atomic based) along with these sources diesel engine based electrical power generation has been popular. Indian As per the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), India’s diesel generator set market (only based on high speed retail sector is anticipated to increase from USD600 billion diesel) has been witnessing growth owing to infrastructure in 2015 to USD1,300 billion by 2020, exhibiting a CAGR of expansion, establishment of new industries & changing business 16.72% during 2015 – 2021. While, the FMCG sector of the environment in the country. Strong economic growth coupled country is likely to grow at a CAGR of 20.61% during 2016 with power deficits in many parts of the country would foster – 2020, reaching USD103.7 billion by 2020. In 2016, India the demand for diesel generator sets. Also, growing number of surpassed the United States to become the second largest telecom towers in the country are expected to boost the diesel smartphone market in the world, with around 220 million generator set market. Diesel engine-based power generation active unique smartphone users registered in 2015. According has been growing during this decade, in applications such as to the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), the telecom prime power or continuous duty as well as in backup or standby. infrastructure has expanded at a CAGR of 20% during 2008 It is worthwhile to understand the significance of start-ups – 2015, reaching 571,000 towers in 2015. On an average, in this industry in the context of challenges & opportunities. the country’s telecom tower network consumes over 11 billion ‘Power generation’ is a casually used term but when it comes kWh annually, and this is likely to increase to 17 billion kWh to receiving end of usage, power generated gets transmitted by the end of 2016. Hence, with anticipated high growth in through transmission network which is then followed by local the end user sectors of diesel gensets in India, the demand distribution using distribution network. for diesel gensets in the country is expected to grow at a Power generation industry healthy pace during forecast period. Imagine a day or night without electrical power. Every day or “Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has mandated night, any human being needs electrical energy. Presently, in telecommunications companies to switch from diesel gensets to India, the electrical power need is fulfilled using conventional renewable sources of power generation, as the total switch-over & non-conventional sources of energy. Basic electrical need cost from diesel gensets would save nearly 2 billion litre per across the nation gets catered using boiler (coal fired) year of diesel, amounting to around USD1.19 billion annually. or turbine (steam or nuclear or hydel operated) & diesel This is expected to curb the carbon footprint in the country generator set. Day-by-day, with the influence of ‘Make in India’

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Gensets

Special Theme

initiative, infrastructure segment in India & other industries across India have started peaking up the electrical power demand. In the year 2015, IBEF has done extensive survey on ‘Electrical Machinery’ potential mapping in the Indian market, till year 2022. They have covered power generation machinery, distribution machinery & transmission machinery under ‘Electrical Machinery. Study indicates that electrical power generation machinery installed capacity is expected to grow from 267 GW to 350 GW from year 2015 to year 2022 which is CAGR of 3.9% whereas power demand is expected to have growth at CAGR of 17%. This clearly indicates that there is high probability of having peak demand for electrical power across country. During the same research, IBEF, in reference with a report published by Ministry of Heavy Industries, GoI, indicated to have CAGR of 27.2% for backup power generation units. Generators are expected to have 5-fold growth till 2022. Boilers are contributing to 63% of total generator industry followed by turbines with 27% & remaining approximate 10% is catered by Diesel engine driven power generator. High Speed Diesel is the one which is famous ‘Diesel’ utilized to power automobiles or generator sets. Presently, in the Indian market, High Speed Diesel engine-based power generation is enjoying 72% of market share against other sources. IBEF report indicates that the electrical machinery market has been opened for 100% FDI starting 2013 end, which is in line with the Central Pollution Control norms implementation strategy by the GoI. Even though there are government efforts to make India free from power-cuts & generate surplus power with continuity in supply & better quality of power, still there

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are gaps in present establishments & hence the option like UPS or Diesel engine-based power generation is becoming a popular source of back-up electrical supply. With this change in pollution level norms on diesel enginebased power generation, various multinational generator set manufacturers have invested in India & have started challenging the established domestic giants. In the recent past, government has assigned various regional SEZ’s which are attracting these multinational giants to set up plants or factories & become competitive in global market as well. Some of them are directly investing or some of them are coming in via joint venture route. One of the well-known research organizations in this field, RNCOS, have indicated in their report ‘India Diesel Market Outlook-2018’ that generator set market in India is on a growth path primarily due to peak demand in electrical power & also due to lack of continuous availability of power with better quality. Also, the ‘back-up’ power availability has started playing a crucial role in Indian industries such as engineering, infrastructure, realty, hospitality & many more. This report indicates that the generator market has seen a growth of 9.5% in the year 2013 over its previous calendar year. It further indicated that it would have similar growth in next 5 years to come. The Indian diesel generator market is expected to grow at 11% CAGR in the product range of below 100 KVA & higher rating product ranges are expected to grow at CAGR of 7.8% till the year 2018.Power generation industry has been through various phases of evolution. Generator manufacturers have started understanding the need of market or customers ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Gensets

Special Theme

from their product than merely selling the generator sets. One of the critical evolution phases was sustaining in the change of pollution norms laid down by the GoI. First norms were laid down 10 years ago (CPCB-1) & the second were laid down in the year 2014 (known as CPCB-2). These have compelled the industry players to work on the structured or well organised sales process. The reason to change norms was purely based on environment protection & bringing in technical advancement in product, buying options for the buyers including the imported & domestic products. This has resulted in introduction of full-time availability of imported generator sets in India. Imported generator-set manufacturers have increased their capacities in India helping in boosting the Indian economy. To start with, the boost in economy looks to be negligible but the plans for next five years would attract investment of approximately USD 10 Bn. In the era of CPCB-1, India power generation segment has seen most dominating domestic players like Cummins India Ltd., Kirloskar Oil Engine, Greaves, Ashok Leyland & to some extent Mahindra & Mahindra.

market is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, owing to chronic power outages & rapid growth of industries, infrastructure, IT & tele-communication industry across the world. Growing industrialization & frequent power outages are driving the demand for diesel generators in this region.

Power generation industry evolution

Over the years, several initiatives and changes have been implemented to improve the overall efficiency of engines in a diesel genset. Most of the modifications involve igniting of power within the engine itself, derived from a combination of oxygen and fuel.

The diesel generator market in India is expected to grow at the highest CAGR, owing to growing IT, data centre, telecom, & ongoing infrastructure development programmes in the country. Start-ups are essentially of two kinds. The first one starts ground up or the one which no one has thought about. In last two to three years, many such start-ups came in & vanished on their own. This type of start-up is difficult to create but once created often sees unprecedented growth. The second type is primarily the ones that do not want to reinvent the wheel. They are interested to adding old sauce in a new dish with little value addition, either superficial, or in actual, to create something new &innovative. Both these major types of start-ups are seen in all industries. Whatever may be the kind of start-up, Indian start-ups face their own As compared to presence of only 4 major domestic players in set of challenges & some stellar opportunities. the past, there are 8 major players now, essentially adding Conclusion 4 giants from global market (Caterpillar, Perkins, MTU & A trend boosting market growth for gensets is technological Mitsubishi). Over the years, since 2013, market potential for advances. Improved fuel economy continues to be the most diesel generator sets has gone up from 75,000 units per year significant advancement in diesel engine technology. Though to 100,000 units per year, making it to approximate increase many end-users prefer gasoline-powered equipment, the diesel of turnover in value terms as INR 3000 crore annually. This engine segment has a solid end-user base in data centers as it estimates out to 25% growth in potential & doubling the is an economical option - an important parameter considered number of players. for owning power backup equipment. Power generation industry has travelled a long way from its first articulate level of ‘chaotic or chaos’ to present days ‘reportable’ stage. In one of the recent articles by ‘Markets & Markets, on generator set industry growth prospects worldwide (till year 2020), growth indicated to be around US $ 20 Bn USD from present level of US $13 Bn (2015) which means at CGAR of 5.4%. Primary reasons for this growth are indicated to be growing need of continuous power supply & increasing power outages. The report also segments the diesel generator market on the basis of end-user, which includes industrial (power generation/ utilities, oil, gas & others), commercial (IT & telecom, healthcare, & others) and residential. The industrial segment is one of largest users of diesel generators and occupies more than 50% of the total market share in the end-user segment of the diesel generators market. This

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According to the report, a key growth driver is frequent power outages. Power outages form one of the common problems faced by developing countries such as India. India, being one of the fastest developing nations in the world, depends largely on electricity for its industrial, commercial, infrastructure, transport, and other sectors. India is the third largest electricity producer and consumer in the world after the US and China. However, an estimated 27% of the energy generated in India gets lost during transmission or is stolen. Peak supply falls short of 9%, and frequent power outages last for an average of 10 hours in many regions of the country. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Product Info

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Product Info

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Product Info

Improving Network Management & Operation

Digital Substation with WAGO Application Grid Gateway Network operators and municipal utilities can’t ignore the digitalization of the energy sector and the efficiency increases required by newer regulations. WAGO Application Grid Gateway now offers the operators of power distribution networks a solution they can rely on for digitizing substations. This allows them to improve network management and operation while avoiding unnecessary grid expansion. Here you can find out exactly what WAGO Application Grid Gateway is and how it benefits asset managers and network managers. WAGO Application Grid Gateway: Improving Network Management and Operation! WAGO Application Grid Gateway primarily supports operators of power distribution networks in assessing network performance with digital substations to improve network management and operation. WAGO Application Grid Gateway replaces imprecise assumptions and estimates with real, accurate measured values for network monitoring of typical grid configurations – on both the medium-voltage and low-voltage levels. The results include better network status assessments and the possibility of resource-efficient network coordination and economical grid expansion. WAGO Application Grid Gateway is an economical solution that helps advance the digitalization of new and existing substations. This is possible thanks to precise measurement on up to 80 channels and acquisition of state data for subsequent recipient-specific preprocessing in the network station, secure transfer with accuracy down to the second, and remote monitoring. That, in turn, allows transparent data acquisition in a substation for up to two transformers with 15 low-voltage outputs each. What is the WAGO Application Grid Gateway? WAGO Application Grid Gateway is an application that

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makes it possible to easily commission a small-scale telecontrol system in the substation through simple parameter setting. Storage and transfer of measured data, as well as visualization, are handled in a decentralized manner by the second-generation WAGO PFC200 programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC is installed in the substation as a small-scale telecontrol system. In the complete configuration, WAGO Application Grid Gateway can be used with a single WAGO PFC200 to acquire data from two transformers with 15 outputs each on the medium- and low-voltage outputs. The measured values of the medium voltage, transformer, low-voltage outlets, position reports and temperatures are transmitted to the network control system via IEC 608705-104. Commands and setpoints can also be received and processed. Data from external measurement systems, such as short-circuit and ground-fault direction indicators and PQ measuring instruments, can be read out via Modbus® . The entire parameterization can be stored in a clear manner and, if necessary, added to other stations. The option of simulating measured data makes it possible to commission new substations at the station builder's location from the network control system – all without the field side being connected. The application includes integrated HTML5 Web visualization, which preprocesses the data from decentralized data acquisition in the digital substation and organizes it clearly for different user groups. Customized Hardware Configuration The hardware compatible with the WAGO Application Grid Gateway is a PFC200. This second-generation WAGO Telecontroller is a programmable logic controller (PLC) with various interfaces, is freely programmable per IEC 61131 and allows additional open-source programming on the Linux® ||www.electricalmirror.net||

www.wago.com/in

operating system. The modular telecontroller is durable and well-established in the industry. Digital input and output modules for controlling medium-voltage switchgear can also be added – an example being the motor drives of load switches and their feedback signals. To make the low-voltage network on the substation's transformer output transparent, the required measurement technology for both the transformer and low-voltage outputs can be easily retrofitted by connecting 3- or 4-wire measurement modules to WAGO's small-scale telecontrol system.

We'll support you in customizing your hardware; together, we will find the right system solution for your digital substation. Talk to us! Why Choose the WAGO Application Grid Gateway? The WAGO Application Grid Gateway has several possible applications and can benefit diverse groups of users. The following application examples illustrate how it pays off: • Asset managers can more accurately plan the substation's maintenance cycles by accessing both stored data and digital drag indicators. • Grid managers are prepared for local situations by having remote access for maintenance and errors in the grid. • Remote updates for software modules and extensions are possible, eliminating unnecessary travel. The Path to the Digital Substation with the WAGO Grid Gateway Application A substation equipped with a small-scale telecontrol system that’s commissioned and monitored remotely via WAGO’s Grid Gateway application combines efficiency and safety with profitability and sustainability – for networks and their operators. This is because accurate measurement data from the medium- and low-voltage ranges provides network transparency and forms the basis for setting and implementing a sensible, integrated, future-proof, profitable digitization strategy. The many forms of added value resulting from this allow network operators to act with foresight. EM

For more information, email at marketing.india@wago.com

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Product Info

CHARX – Charging technology for e-mobility from Phoenix Contact

Product Info

CHARX Connect

CHARX Control

Everything from a single source, from the CCS charging inlet to a charging management solution: As of now, Phoenix Contact bundles a wide range of coordinated charging technology components for both the electrification of vehicles and setting up a powerful charging infrastructure – everything under the name CHARX. All CHARX products have specially been designed for use in e-mobility applications and are classified according to their function in the charging process: In addition to the CHARX connect charging cables and charging sockets, the CHARX control controllers and the CHARX manage software, the portfolio has recently been extended by the CHARX power DC power electronics and the CHARX protect surge protection. In addition, the CHARX contact DC power contactors will follow next year. Replenished with numerous standard products such as energy meters, power supplies, touch panels, and industrial connection and communication technology, an almost complete portfolio is created that makes quick, safe, and convenient AC and DC charging of electric vehicles possible. Sector coupling is becoming increasingly important for the future of e-mobility and for the transition to the All Electric Society based on CO2-neutral energy. Communication between providers, grids, buildings, charging points, and vehicles is the key factor for sustainable e-mobility based on renewable energy. This includes the integration of electric vehicles into the smart grid or smart home, efficient and user-friendly business processes, and device and patch management for charging park operators. All these IoT applications and smart services require secure communication based on various protocols. With the new controller generation of Charx control modular and its open Linux platform, manufacturers and operators of charging infrastructure are equipped to meet these requirements. With the broad CHARX portfolio and an extensive application expertise, Phoenix Contact provides technologically leading answers for manufacturers of vehicles and charging infrastructure. For more than 10 years the company has been developing pioneering e-mobility charging technology. Thanks to the global proximity to our customers and our active collaboration in standardization committees and networks, trends and demands are identified at an early stage and transformed into technical solutions. The Combined Charging System (CCS) and technologies like High Power Charging (HPC) have already set standards which contribute to a practicable electromobility. EM For further details, Please contact Phoenix Contact India Pvt. Ltd., F-26/2, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase -2 New Delhi – 110020, E-mail- adverts@phoenixcontact.co.in

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“KUSAM-MECO” TRMS DIGITAL FORK CLAMPMETER MODEL KM 039

NEW FORK CLAMP! AC-TRMS-200A! HIGH SAFETY CAT-III 600V ! 12mm SLIMMEST CLAMPS TO FIT IN NARROW SPACES! Rugged Fire Retarded Housing

“KUSAM-MECO” TRUE RMS DIGITAL MULTIMETER MODEL KM 60-T KUSAM-MECO has introduced a new TRMS Digital Multimeter Model-KM 60-T. It is a 6000 counts Multimeter having 12 functions & 39 Ranges. It has a large backlight display. It measures TRMS AC Voltage upto 750V & AC Current upto 10Amps. It has function of DC Voltage upto 1000V & DC Current upto 10A. It can also measure frequency upto 10 MHz. The Resistance range is upto 40 M Ohms. Additionally it measures Capacitance upto 9.999 mF. It also has Diode & Continuity TEST. Other features include Non-Contact Voltage detection & pulse output. It also has data hold & MAX/MIN & Rel Zero function. For taking measurement in poorly lit or dark places, it is equipped with a flash light. To conserve power, the instrument will be deactivated if there is no input signal for about 15 minutes. Over range is displayed by “OL”. It is light in weight (approximately 250gms including battery). It is supplied with high quality Test lead, battery & user manual. It is warranted for 01 year. EM

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KUSAM-MECO presents its latest offering of Fork Clampmeter with only 12mm Slim-Probe open jaws for easy slide into tight wiring. It is packed with features not available in competition. Features include 6000 counts display dual sensitivities EF-Detection, 12.5mm ACA FORK Clamp, Backlight LCD Display, fully body, Crest, Max Min, IN-RUSH Currents, (5milli seconds) innovative Beeplit Diode Test, Records Max/Min reading over time, Automatic APO disable feature, Relative Zero for convenient reading comparison, Data Hold, AC Voltage (LPF), DC Voltage, Capacitance, Resistance, Temperature (Type K-Thermocouple), DCmA for HVAC flame sensors testing, BeepLit Continuity Test. Non-Contact EF-Detection (NCV) with Hi / Lo selectable sensitivities. Direct LPF / ACV & LPF Hz for VFDS (signals upto 600V). EM

“KUSAM-MECO” AUTORANGING TRUE RMS DIGITAL MULTIMETER WITH DATA LOGGING & PC INTERFACE MODEL KM 891 KUSAM-MECO has introduced a most advanced TRMS Digital Multimeter Model KM 891 having 60,000 Counts with data logging function & PC interface. It has 21 Functions & 63 Ranges. This new Digital Multimeter has 21 function packed in 1 instrument so that the user does not have to carry many instruments. The basic DC voltage accuracy is 0.03%. The instrument is water proof & dust proof with IP 65 rating. It has safety compliance CAT III 1000V & CAT IV 600V. It can capture trends and Data record / read back 20,000 records. For the safety of the instrument & the user in case of wrong test lead input, the instrument gives alarm & buzzer to warn the user. It also has date & time function. It has measuring functions AC current, AC + DC Current, AC Voltage, AC + DC Voltage, DC Current, Resistance, Capacitance, Frequency, Temperature measurement function. A very special function in the instrument is Conductance measurement. Additionally, it has the function of duty cycle, Diode Test, continuity Test and Pulse width. It has dBV and dbM. To conserve the battery power the meter will switch off, if any switch or button is not operated for 15 minutes. It can also display Maximum & Minimum & Relative value. Peak detection of the input value is also available in this instrument. It also has the function of Data Hold, Comparison instrument. It complies with Safety Standards IEC/EN 61010-1, EN6101-2-30 & pollution degree 2. The functions are displayed on the LCD screen graphically. Optional, facility of Bluetooth is available. A software CD & USB cable is supplied along with the instrument, in addition to a pair of test leads. Two K-type thermocouple probe, one temperature connector, Carrying Case & Operational Manual are also supplied. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Guest Article

PAT FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SAFETY

The global trend of electrification means that there are more and more devices around us powered by electricity: from computers, televisions or coffee machines, through construction equipment such as power tools, or welders to industrial equipment such as presses and lathes. We use them every day and often reflexively, but are they safe? Defective devices are a common cause of fire, accident, loss of health and even death. How to test such devices? Norms and legal acts relating to periodic testing of electrical equipment come in handy. In many countries where device testing is mandatory, norms are often cited in legal acts and are obligatory to use, e.g. the German standard VDE- 701/702. However, if there are no clearly defined regulations that should be used, you can refer to harmonized standards or norms of other countries - German, British, etc. The group of standards for the safety of electrical equipment also includes a norm that clarifies the rules for checking welding equipment. This is the EN 60974. The conditions in which welders usually work can be considered heavy - not only for man, but also for the equipment used What to do? The measuring instrument should enable assessment of the device's efficiency in accordance with applicable standards, allow to save and store data and have appropriate documents confirming its efficiency (EU declaration of conformity, calibration certificate). PAT-86 was created for testing electrical devices and welding machines. It not only meets the above requirements,

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but also Sonel's high standards of product design. One of the first things to do during check-ups is the visual test. PAT-86 has the ability to program a visual test according to your preferences. During the measurement, the meter will force you to inspect individual elements and confirm this action by checking the appropriate boxes on the screen. The elements for verification can be pre-programmed by the PAT Analysis software when creating the measurement procedure. By default, the test contains the overall result of the examination. For devices in the first protection class, the continuity and resistance of the protective conductor should be measured. The purpose of this test is to check that the available metal components are connected to earth. The PAT-86 meter gives the possibility to check the protective conductor connections with a 200 mA current. In addition, thanks to the use of an efficient current generator, it can be measured with a 10 A or 25 A current, which results in an accuracy of 1 mΩ. Two measuring methods are available: two- and four-wire. In the case of the two-wire method, there is the possibility of auto-zeroing, i.e. correction of the result by the resistance of the used test leads. and for the four-wire method, the resistance of the test leads is compensated and does not affect the final result. The next step is to measure the insulation resistance. Good insulation is the basis for effective protection against electric ||www.electricalmirror.net||

switches can be checked easily with a new PAT, regardless of whether it is a general purpose switch or a 10 mA, 15 mA or 30 mA short-time delay switch. You can choose the shape of the current waveform, as well as measure the response time at rated current multiplications (0.5 I∆, 1 I∆, 2 I∆, 5 I∆). In addition to portable circuit breakers, the meter can check stationary residual current devices in the switchgear. The measurement of welding equipment is a very important advantage of PAT-86. For welders, in addition to the visual test, continuity of the protective conductor, insulation resistance and leakage current in the PE conductor, you must also perform: - primary to secondary resistance measurement (welding circuit), - PE to secondary resistance measurement, - welding circuit leakage current and no-load welding circuit voltage.

All this can be done with the new PAT-86 meter!

The PAT-86 has a clear 5.6 '' LCD touch screen and an automated autoprocedure system, fully programmable by the user. Thanks to the ability to set limits and the duration of the measurement, the meter can perform the measurement sequence itself and evaluate their results. Data transmission via USB, Wi-Fi or LAN is possible - along with the optional PAT Server application, the meter can operate in the cloud system, which allows remote, smooth operation and data management. A clear and simple memory structure in a tree-like form enables the creation of clients, objects and devices, which in combination with a QR code system (the meter works with a printer and a code scanner) significantly facilitates work and recording. The meter also has a "multibox" function, this function allows multi-point measurements, it is useful when the device has more than one measuring point, e.g. PE continuity measurement of multi-socket extension cords. The whole is closed in a durable, compact housing.

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shock. PAT-86 provides measurements with voltages of 100 V, 250 V, 500 V and 1000 V DC at a current of up to 1 mA! In connection with a large measuring range (even up to 599.9 MΩ), it gives the possibility of an accurate control of the insulation condition. Standards - whether international, German or British - often require checking leakage currents. These are the currents flowing to the ground: - through the device insulation, - through capacities present in the device, - as a result of unwanted conditions such as short circuits or insulation damage. A distinction is made between substitute, differential, touch and PE leakage current. PAT-86 measures each of the abovementioned currents. During the measurement of the substitute leakage current, the meter gives a reduced safe voltage and converts the result to the current that would occur during operation with the nominal voltage. When measuring the differential, touch and PE leakage current, it is possible to change the polarity. In addition, the measurement of the differential and PE leakage current can be made using clamps, which facilitates tests of devices permanently connected to the power supply network. Often one of the tests of an electrical device is the idle test. PAT-86 gives you the option of performing a functional test. The meter checks the current consumption, active, reactive and apparent power of the device, cosϕ, power factor (PF), current and voltage THD. The measurement can be done with current clamp and voltage leads or via a schuko socket. With the optional accessories, the meter allows testing of extension cords and IEC cables. During these measurements, PAT monitors the protective conductor resistance, insulation resistance and carries out a polarity test. Increasingly, you can find extension cords or devices protected by RCDs (PRCDs). These

Shyam Ravindran Managing Director Sonel Instruments India Pvt. Ltd.

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9th EL Asia Expo 2022 ..................................................

Mecc Alte India Pvt. Ltd. ...............................................

Altanova India Private Limited ................................... P-03

MGM-VARVEL Power Transmission Pvt. Ltd. .................

Automation Expo 2022 ..................................................

Mikrotek Machines Ltd. ................................................. IBC

Cable & Wire Fair 2022 ................................................

Neo Tele-Tronix Pvt. Ltd. ...............................................

Distribuelec Expo 2022 ..................................................

Nextgen Equipments Pvt. Ltd. .......................................

Electric Expo 2022 .........................................................

OSH India Mumbai ........................................................

EV India 2022 ................................................................

Phoenix Contact (India) Pvt. Ltd. .................................

FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................... IFC

RenewX Expo 2022 ........................................................

Gloster Cables Limited ..................................................

RR Kabel Limited ..........................................................

Gupta Power Infrastructure Limited ......................... P-01,35

Security & Fire Expo India ...........................................

H D Wire (P) Ltd ..........................................................

Sonel Instruments India Pvt. Ltd. .................................

Hitachi Energy India Ltd. ..............................................

Testo India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................................

Inter-Tech .......................................................................

Wago Private Limited ................................................... P-05

IFSEC Expo 2022 ...........................................................

Wire India Expo 2022 ...................................................

Kusam Electrical .............................................................

World Utilities Congress ................................................

Maxwell Scientific Corporation ......................................

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VISIT US AT

STALL NO. C4

25-27th MAY 2022 AT BIEC

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EVENT DIARY 9-11 May 2022

United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi www.worldutilitiescongress.com

The increasing demand for energy services is paving the way for a new energy ecosystem. The power and utilities industry, particularly in the MENA region, will witness unprecedented multi-billion dollar investment opportunities over the next decade. In order to remain competitive within the energy landscape, 67% of business leaders believe that efficiency is key. An organizations ability to adopt and adapt towards new technologies is fundamental to its success.

Cable & Wire Fair (CWF) is now undisputed leading Indian event for the global wire & cable industry. The show is centered at creating a consensus-driven, growth-oriented stage for the wire and cable industry in India. The telecom and power networks act as the nerves and veins of today's societies where the most fundamental integrating elements are wires and cables.

24-26 June 2022

10-11 June 2022

25-27 May, 2022 BIEC, Bengaluru

https://ieema.org/event/distribuelec-buildelec-2022/

4th Edition of an exhibition designed to bring Power Distribution stakeholders – DISCOM, Consumer, Electrical Operational Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT) – on one platform to conduct business. Distribuelec showcases technologies in the power distribution domain upto 33 KV while Buildelec focusses on electrical systems in the sub 1 KV segment essentially the H3O comprising Homes, Hotels, Hospitals and Offices. Conference titled INTELECT and Buyer Seller Meet is the highlight of this exhibition.

23-25 Nov 2022

Hitex, Hyderabad www.renewx.in

BIEC - Bangalore International Exhibition Centre https://www.elasiaexpo.com/

Informa Markets in India (formerly UBM India) is India's leading exhibition organizer, dedicated to help specialist markets and customer communities, domestically and around the world to trade, innovate and grow through exhibitions, digital content & services, and conferences & seminars.

9th ELASIA- 2022 Exhibition will be the podium to compare the best in the world to the best in India. The show will constitute an ideal platform not just for maximum exposure of cutting-edge products & services to key Electrical, Electronics, Lightings & Power sector players and top decision-makers but also for the kind of high-powered face-to- face business meetings and contacts that will take an organisation forward in leaps and strides.

Wire India aims in bringing the economic development of India to higher summit and its objective has increased the importance of the show in all over the world. The participants are availed with incredible business opportunities which aid the exhibitors to establish their brand and advertise it to the worldwide market. Advanced range of products are demonstrated which has pulled the attention and investment of the foreign delegates as well.

1st-3rd December 2022 Pragati Maidan, New Delhi

7th–9th December, 2022 Gandhinagar, Gujarat

Every year, we hosts over 25 large scale exhibitions, 40 conferences, along with industry awards and trainings across the country; thereby enabling trade across multiple industry verticals.

24-25 Nov 2022

BOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE, GOREGAON(E)

https://www.oshindia.com/mumbai/

South Asia’s largest occupational safety & health event, OSH India Expo brings together internationally renowned exhibitors, consultants, business experts and key government officials on an industry platform. The show facilitates exchanges of global best practices and seeks solutions for challenges in upholding workplace safety and health. The show witness safety professionals from across India.

18-20 May 2022

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India www.cablewirefair.com

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Mumbai, India www.wire-india.com

https://www.ifsec.events/india/

https://www.thesmartere.in/en/intersolar-india

Over 40 years of experience and innovation, IFSEC Global has become the pre-eminent authority on the global security and fire industry. Its relationship and collaboration with leading industry associations, government bodies, research partners, training providers and education specialists allows UBM to create a series of events and an online community that caters for the entire security and fire buying chain.

Intersolar is the world’s leading exhibition & conference series for the solar industry. As part of this event series, Intersolar India in Gujarat is India’s most pioneering exhibition and conference for India’s solar industry. It takes place annually and has a focus on the areas of photovoltaics, PV production and solar thermal technologies. Since 2019, Intersolar India is held under the umbrella of The smarter E India – India’s innovation hub for the new energy world.

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