EM October 2021

Pages 100

Volume XI Issue IV

POWER GENERATION INDUSTRY HAS TRAVELLED A LONG WAY FROM ITS FIRST ARTICULATE LEVEL

INSIDE

October 2021

Earthing Capacitors Thermal Camera Automation UPS & Batteries

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Pages 100

Volume XI Issue IV

POWER GENERATION INDUSTRY HAS TRAVELLED A LONG WAY FROM ITS FIRST ARTICULATE LEVEL

INSIDE

October 2021

Earthing Capacitors Thermal Camera Automation UPS & Batteries

EDITOR’S DESK Dear Readers!

Editor

Alka Puri

Sub Editor

Roopal Chaurasia Shipranshu Pandey

Editorial Advisor

Priyanka Roy Chaudhary

Design & Production Pankaj Rawat Mukesh Kumar Sah

National Business Head

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.net

Business Head - West & South

Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.net

Sr. Manager Sales

Neha Chauhan neha@electricalmirror.net

Business Development Manager Sunil R Shirsat sunil@electricalmirror.net

Sales & Marketing

India is facing possible energy supply problems in the coming months due to coal shortages and a post-pandemic surge in demand, the power minister. China and European countries face energy crises that are disrupting global supply chains and sending prices soaring.

"Demand is not going to go away; it's going to increase... added 28.2 million consumers. Most of them are lower-middle class and poor, so they are buying fans, lights, televisions sets," he said. India's coal-fired power stations had on average four days' stock at the end of September, the lowest in years.

More than half the plants are on alert for outages and the government is mulling bringing idled power stations back into operation. Coal accounts for nearly 70 percent of India's electricity generation and around three-quarters of the fossil fuel is mined domestically.

This pushed up prices sharply for coal buyers, including power stations. Buying coal abroad is expensive because international prices have also soared. Until supplies stabilise completely, we are likely to see power outages in some pockets, while customers elsewhere may be asked to pay more for power.

Happy Reading!!!

Please give us your feedback at editor@electricalmirror.net For more details check out our website: www.electricalmirror.net and you can also visit our facebook page https://m.facebook.com/electricalmir/

Hemant Chauhan Dinesh Kumar Manju

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Kumar Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.net All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur.

Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com Editor : Alka Puri

Editor

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Cover Story Power generation industry has travelled a long way from its first articulate level

34

INTERVIEW

Special Focus: Thermal Camera

Thermal imaging camera systems play a pivotal role

42

Industry Focus: Capacitors India has developed super capacitors using indigenous materials

56 Mr. Vivek Yadav Senior Vice President

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd…

Press Release PFC HPL

08, 19

Hitachi ABB

10

Automation provides tools that help in optimizing network design and performance

12

NTPC 16

Industry Feature: UPS & Batteries

Lowsoot 18

74

The Indian UPS Market is dominated by a number of players

Megger 20 BPE 20 Ieema 21

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Special Feature: Earthing

Toshiba 22

Application of Marconite as a Good Ground Enhancement Material than Bentonite in Transmission Lines- A Case Study.

Vedanta 23 Product Info 88 90 91 92

60

Special Theme: Automation

Kirloskar 16

Teledyne Flir Phoenix Contact K-lite Industries Kusam Meco

52

Case Study of the Month

Havells India

Renewable Energy Expo Coverage

Advertisement

94

Event Diary

68

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

Pr e ss Re le ase

PFC wins 'Rajbhasha Kirti' Puruskar for Best performance in Official Language

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Power Finance Corporation Ltd. (PFC) country’s leading NBFC in the power sector, has won the prestigious 'Rajbhasha Kirti' first prize for the years 2019-20 and 2020-21. PFC has won these prizes in the category of Public Sector Undertakings in region ‘A’ for best performance in the Official Language implementation.

Hon'ble Home Minister Shri Amit Shah presented both these awards to Shri Ravinder Singh Dhillon, CMD PFC, during Hindi Diwas Celebration-2021 organized at Vigyan Bhawan

on the occasion of Hindi Diwas. PFC has been conferred this award for the eighth time in a row (winning first place for the sixth time).

Shri PK Singh, Director (Commercial) & Projects (Additional Charge), PFC, Smt Parminder Chopra, Director (Finance), PFC, Shri G Jawahar, CGM (Official Language), PFC and Shri Arun Shrivastava, General Manager (Official Language), PFC were present on the occasion. EM

“PFC issues India’s first-ever Euro Green Bonds” Power Finance Corporation Ltd (PFC), the leading NBFC PFC Management Comments on the success of bond in power sector, has successfully issued its maiden Euro issuance: 300 million 7 year Euro Bond issuance on 13.09.2021. The • Chairman and Managing Director of PFC, Mr. R.S. pricing of 1.841% achieved is the lowest yield locked in by Dhillon stated that the overwhelming response to the an Indian Issuer in the Euro markets. issuance reflects international investor’s confidence in PFC. This issuance also demonstrates our commitment This is a milestone issuance for PFC and marks many first’s for achieving India’s renewable energy goals. Further, for PFC. It is not only the first Euro bond issuance by PFC but this bond issuance would help PFC in diversifying its also the first ever Euro denominated Green bond issuance currency book as well as the investor base. from India. Moreover, it is the first ever Euro issuance by an Indian NBFC and the first Euro bond issuance from India • Director (Finance) commented that I am proud to see since 2017. that PFC has successfully forayed into the European market for its international raising and has concluded The issuance saw a strong participation from institutional the inaugural Euro Bond issuance at attractive terms investors across Asia and Europe with a participation from and pricing. EM across 82 accounts and was oversubscribed 2.65 times.

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Press Release

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HPL Electric & Power launches three new switchgear products at the 14th Renewable Energy India Expo

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HPL Electric & Power today launched three new switchgear products - DC Switch Disconnector up to 1500V DC and 800V AC in 2 3 & 4 Pole configurations at 14th Edition of Renewable Energy Expo 2021. The new switchgear products were unveiled by Shri Bhagwanth Khuba, Minister of State, New and Renewable Energy, Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India at the event.

Mr. C.R.Kundu, Sr. Vice President, Switchgear, HPL Electric & Power, said, “It has been an honor that we got an opportunity to launch our advanced range of switches for novel applications, in presence of Shri Bhagwanth Khuba, Minister of State, New and Renewable Energy, Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India. We at HPL have been working towards creating new technology which itself paves ways for others to follow and out mark today’s need in renewable energies. These best in class products offer the latest technology and innovative designs for long lasting durability. These products are compatible with solar/ PV applications as well as for traditional PV Applications.”

The load break switch is a high performance sturdy switch in a compact frame. It provides safe isolation even at low voltages and up to 800V AC. The isolator can perform equally well on either on roof or ground mount solar panel applications.

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Moreover, the switches have inbuilt safety measure to quench arcs within the mould with the help of Arc Chutes. It also gives efficiency that leads to the low power losses.

The new DC Disconnectors are built particularly for PV applications and are very robust and long-lasting. They have a rated voltage of up to 1500VDC and can be utilised in PV power systems. They provide safe electrical isolation in presence of Arc Chutes to evade chances of hazards due to Arcs developed in DC Circuits. The switches make and break quickly under load conditions.

The Renewable Energy India Expo is an annual event in India organised by Informa Markets to promote the renewable energy sector and help it evolve faster.The 14th edition of the Renewable Energy India (REI) Expo is held at the India Expo Mart in Greater Noida from September 15th to 17th, 2021.

The Indian Biogas Association (IBA), Cleantech Business Club (CBC), Bridge to India (BTI), National Solar Energy Federation of India (NSEFI), and Indo German Energy Forum-Support Office will kick off the much-anticipated and well-respected event in the energy field (IGEF-SO). The three-day event in India, produced by Informa Markets, is expected to draw 40,000+ trade attendees, with 120 exhibitors expected to present their exhibits. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Press Release

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Hitachi ABB Power Grids and IIT Roorkee to pilot smart and sustainable energy ecosystem

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The partnership will serve as a model for smart and sustainable communities and energy transformation in India Hitachi ABB Power Grids in India (listed on Indian stock exchanges as “ABB Power Products and Systems India Limited”) has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee to progress toward a smart and sus-tainable campus energy ecosystem.

The project involves the creation of a smart energy management system and mi-crogrid with battery energy storage and will also establish an Integrated Monitoring, Analytics and Control Center for systems ranging from energy assets to transport, water, and waste on the IIT Roorkee campus. Additionally, the collaboration will de-velop opportunities for technology competency enhancement.

India’s energy use has doubled since 2000 and the country is expected to overtake the European Union as the world's third-largest energy consumer by 2030, according to a report by the International Energy Agency1. This will necessitate efficient, relia-ble, and inclusive energy infrastructure that does not come at the cost of the planet or the most vulnerable sections of society.

“Sustainability is at the heart of Hitachi ABB Power Grids’ growth strategy. Hence, our agreement with IIT Roorkee advances our mission to harness technology to power good,” said Venu Nuguri, Managing Director and CEO, Hitachi ABB Power Grids in India.

“The project, aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goal 11, which aims to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, will serve as a model for smart and sustainable cities and communities. It includes the setting up of an integrated

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energy and digital platform, embodying intelligent and futuristic energy systems to increase energy efficiency, renewable energy use and sustainable transport, minimiz-ing harm to the planet,” he added.

IIT Roorkee has been working in various urban development areas, striving for a sustainable and equitable society through innovative research in science and tech-nology. Hitachi ABB Power Grids’ years-long alliance with the institute via intelligent energy technologies and collaboration in talent development is another collaborative step toward a sustainable energy future.

Prof. Ajit Chaturvedi, Director, IIT Roorkee, said: “IIT Roorkee and Hitachi ABB Power Grids are creating a platform for innovation by students and faculty members to bring the Smart City concept closer to reality. The platform integrates but is not limited to smart power systems, renewable energy and storage, water conservation and waste management.”

“IIT Roorkee has been working with Hitachi ABB Power Grids in India to install smart energy management system and microgrid with battery energy storage in the IIT Roorkee campus. This center will help the entire ecosystem to define problem statements, identify improvement areas to carry out research, and develop technologies for smart grid and sustainable cities,” said Prof. Ganesh Kumbhar, Associate Dean Infrastructure (Elect.), IIT Roorkee.

(1) International Energy Agency:

India Energy Outlook 2021, https://www.iea.org/reports/indiaenergy-outlook-2021 EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Press Release

KBL introduces NEO Series 4-inch Borewell Submersible Pumps • These pumps are highly efficient, ensuring 30% higher discharge and 60% more life over current offerings in the market • The energy-saving features ensure 60% savings on electricity bills • Innovative Sand Fighter Design that restricts the entry of sand protects the pump-set brushes in sandy borewells

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Kirloskar Brothers Limited, one of the global market leaders in fluid management solutions and services, has launched new series of time-tested Borewell Submersible Pumps—NEO Series 4-inch. This new series of Borewell Submersible Pumps are versatile. They have been designed to effectively cater to the requirements of rural, domestic and community water supply markets, including farming, buildings and constructions sectors.

The highly efficient NEO Series 4-inch Borewell Submersible Pumps are innovative in design with Sand Fighter arrangement, advanced water-cooled motor making it highly-efficient (30% higher discharge and 60% more life) and energy-saving (60% savings on electricity bills). The new range of Borewell Submersible Pumps offer better corrosion resistance and have a longer product life while offering trouble-free performance due to better pump and motor alignment.

These Borewell Submersible Pumps can suitably work in adverse conditions due to extra overloading capacity. Its compact, easy-to-repair design features include Carbon plus Stainless-Steel Thrust plate, and the FG200 Graded casting with Cathodic Electro Deposition (CED) coating makes

it corrosion-resistant. The 99.9 % pure Copper winding adds to the longer and trouble-free life of the pump. Its comparative higher stack length makes it retain original performances for a longer period. Besides, the higher engagement area reduces the chances of loose coupling.

This new series of Borewell Submersible Pumps are quite robust with international NEMA couplings; besides, the high torque motor offers wide voltage operability in the range of 180 to 240 volts which ensures protection to motor from burning due to high or low voltage. A novelty is the dynamically balanced rotating part that ensures lesser vibrations.

NEO Series 4-inch Borewell Submersible Pumps are available in a wide range of 40 models, with and without panels. KBL has a dedicated manufacturing plant for Borewell Submersible Pumps at Sanand, which ensures that all the pumps are tested rigorously on the Performance and Quality control parameters. It offers an assured nationwide after-sales service facility through its 600+ authorised service centres (ASCs) and takes pride in being a "Make in India" company that has evolved through experience and innovation. EM

NTPC REL Signs First Green Term Loan NTPC Renewable Energy ltd (REL) a 100 per cent subsidiary of NTPC ltd, has signed its first Green Term Loan agreement of `500 crores at a very competitive rate with a tenor of 15 years with Bank of India on 29th September 2021 for its 470 MW Solar Projects in Rajasthan & 200 MW Solar Project in Gujarat.

The Facility agreement was signed in the presence of Shri A K Gautam, Director (Finance), NTPC, Shri C K Mondal, Director (Commercial) NTPC & Chairman of NTPC REL, Shri Mohit Bhargava, ED (RE) NTPC & CEO (NTPC REL), Shri Aditya Dar ED (Fin) NTPC & Director NTPC REL and senior officials from Bank of India.

NTPC REL currently has renewable project portfolio of 3,450 MW of which 820 MW projects are under construction and 2,630 MW projects been won for which PPAs are pending to be executed. EM

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Press Release

Lowsoot partners with eBikeGo for reducing carbon emission India’s leading environmental start-up company committed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 and reverse climate change practically …

Pr e ss Re le ase

• To be an active participant of global concern on natural calamities and climatic changes • Track, calculate & use methodologies to save the environment by reducing carbon emissions • Uses e-commerce API technology and plug- and play sustainability for business

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Human activities emit 51 billion tons of greenhouse gases each year. At this pace, by 2050, the global temperature will rise by more than 2 degrees, consequences of which are going to be catastrophic. Rapid rise in global temperature due to greenhouse effect has caused natural calamities like forest fires in Australia, melting of glaciers in Antarctica, cyclones in coastal areas, frequent & violent weather events, droughts in Maharashtra etc.

It is of utmost importance to take action now, to aim for Net-Zero Emissions. Reducing emissions and sucking carbon from the atmosphere are the two major approaches to ensure Net-Zero by 2050, the human race must achieve net-zero emissions to avoid disastrous climatic catastrophes.

Recently, Lowsoot (www.lowsoot.com), India’s leading environmental startup company has teamed with eBikeGo, India's leading electric two-wheeler mobility platform to address this gap and find solutions to reduce carbon emissions in the country.

Lowsoot was selected by eBikeGo to set up a climate fund and an environment challenge organized as part of this endeavour. All startups focusing on environmental issues and electric mobility were invited to participate in this competition. Lowsoot got selected and considered for the incubation out of a total of 1540 applications received by eBikeGo. Lowsoot helps individuals track and erase their daily carbon footprint. In its endeavour to accelerate the world towards net-zero eBikeGo is supporting Lowsoot. It would create a platform for tracking and eradicating carbon emissions by investing in carbon-reduction projects. Lowsoot has saved 5616 tonnes of CO2 as of today.

Lowsoot in coordination with eBikeGo will calculate the individual and company’s carbon footprints using Lowsoot’s

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basic technology online platform. The current version of the platform helps calculate how much CO2 an individual or an organization emits during an entire year using a carbon calculator, each individual has an option to erase their carbon footprint by investing in green projects. Also, Lowsoot works closely with a team of researchers, audit agencies to track the impact of each project and share its progress on its platform with detailed project reports filled with pictures, stories and rich data.

Lowsoot & eBikeGo will help individuals calculate their carbon footprint On-The-Go. Individuals can earn reward points for tracking and erasing their carbon footprint.

These reward points can be used to redeem offers in sustainability.

For businesses, Lowsoot & eBikeGo will provide “ecommerce API” for plug-and-play sustainability. Lowsoot enables any company to begin the journey to net-zero energy in minutes. This API, when integrated with an ecommerce platform, calculates the carbon footprint of each product and gives customers an option to erase their footprint due to that order at the time of checkout. Lowsoot will calculate the carbon footprint of the products with a single API call and mitigate the impact through market-leading carbon removal projects.

“We are extremely pleased about our collaboration with eBikeGo to minimize and monitor carbon emissions. In today's world, we can easily claim that climate change and global warming are occurring, but no one is taking action to combat them. Lowsoot with eBikeGo can now track each rider's carbon emissions. Anyone can figure out their carbon footprint too. Solutions for problems occurring due to carbon emissions can be addressed and help us achieve net-zero emissions to avoid major climatic catastrophes” said Sachin Sengar, Founder & CEO of Lowsoot. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

33/11 KV GIS Substation and RT- DAS Control System inaugurated in Dehradun as part of

‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’

Power Finance Corporation is the Nodal Agency for the IPDS scheme

A 33/11kV GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) Sub Station, and RT- DAS (Real Time Data Acquisition system) Control System under the IPDS scheme of Government of India, was inaugurated at Dehradun in Uttrakhand. Power Finance Corporation (PFC) is the Nodal Agency for IPDS scheme.

The inauguration ceremony is part of ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’ celebrations marking 75 years of India’s independence.

The project was inaugurated by Dr. Harak Singh Rawat, Hon'ble Minister of Energy and Alternative Energy, Uttarakhand along with Smt. Sowjanya, Secretary (Energy

& Alternative Energy), Shri Deepak Rawat, MD, UPCL and Shri Saurabh Kumar Shah, ED (IPDS), PFC. The GIS substation was sanctioned with a cost of Rs 85.99 crore, will benefit more than 5000 households in areas of Dehradun and the surrounding areas. Whereas the RT-DAS known for automated monitoring of power supply was sanctioned for the cost of Rs 4.28 crore.

Further, the substation will reduce the curtailment of power supply, will reduce the land requirement, lower the operational and maintenance cost and also provide safe working environment for the attending personnel. EM

Green rides help Delhi Metro earn Rs 19.5 cr through carbon credits in 6 years The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has earned Rs 19.5 crore in six years from the sale of 3.5 million carbon credits.

These credits are tradable certificates, which enable DMRC to sell credits earned from its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-reducing projects to other organisations, which need to compensate for their GHG emissions.

Anuj Dayal, executive director (corporate communications), DMRC, said that Delhi Metro became the first Metro or railway project in the world to be registered by the United Nations under the clean development mechanism (CDM) in 2007, which enabled DMRC to claim carbon credits for its regenerative braking project.

“CDM is a project-based GHG offset mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol allowing the public and private sector in ||www.electricalmirror.net||

high-income nations the opportunity to purchase carbon credits from GHG emissions-reducing projects in low or middle-income nations as part of their efforts to meet international emissions targets under the protocol,” Dayal said.

The 3.5 million carbon credits were collected over a period of six years from 2012 to 2018.

“DMRC has been a pioneer in India in quantifying climate change benefits from its operations. It has a number of dedicated projects to its credit oriented towards energy efficiency,” he said.

Dayal said that CDM projects generate emissions credits called certified emission reductions, which are then bought and traded. EM

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Press Release

Megger

& IPS Group

Pr e ss Re le ase

Announce Strategic Partnership Dover, UK, & Munich, Germany, September 8th, 2021 – Megger Group ('Megger') and IPS Group ('IPS') jointly announce that they have reached a definitive agreement to work together as strategic partners combining both their experience and product lines to create new value for the electrical supply industry. The agreement includes Megger taking an equity stake in IPS. IPS is one of the leading providers of Enterprise Asset Management (EAM), Asset Performance Management (APM), Network Model Management (NMM), Outage Management (OMS), Enterprise Protection Information (EPIS) and Mobile Software Solutions (WFM) for the electrical supply industry. Gartner ranked IPS as ‘the world’s highest-performing Niche Player for the execution of the Enterprise Asset Management.

IPS was founded by Dr Zeljko Schreiner in 2004. Since then, it has grown to be a leading provider of APM data analytics to the electrical power industry, enabling electrical utilities to increase network reliability while reducing both maintenance costs and customer minutes lost, as well as providing insight to Asset Investment Planning.

The partnership with Megger extends the reach of IPS’s technical excellence and brings improved market access

Best Power Equipments Strengthens its Presence in Northern Market Adding Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, and Jammu & Kashmir Best Power Equipments (India) Private Limited (BPE), India’s leading power manufacturing brand announced that the company is strengthening its presence in northern markets. Besides its strong presence in Delhi- NCR, the company will be aggressively spreading its presence in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, and Jammu & Kashmir thus enhancing its channel presence. With this move, BPE will be hiring more than 15 people in mid & senior positions in sales & technical support team. Ingram Micro is the national distributor for channel sales & expansion.

With presence of more than 30 channel partners, BPE focus to increase their product penetration in these markets.

20

as well as new opportunities in commercial and strategic innovation. Megger will benefit from IPS’s data analytics capability, cyber security and digitalization expertise.

Against this background, both parties expressed their anticipation for future cooperation: Jim Fairbairn, CEO of Megger, stated “We are thrilled to announce our partnership with IPS and are excited about the opportunities of working together on a global basis.

The Megger team has been very impressed with IPS and in particular the quality of the team at IPS. This move is aligned to the Megger strategy of extending our leadership in electrical test & measurement to include online condition monitoring equipment and services and enabling Asset Performance Management critical data flow and related prescriptive insights to electrical power systems through advanced analytic capabilities”.

Dr Zeljko Schreiner, Founder and CEO of IPS, commented “I’m very happy to have Megger as our strategic partner who will help us take the business to the next level.

We have already identified many opportunities to work together to increase the value for our customers. The IPS Team is looking forward to co-operating with Megger over the coming years”. EM

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UPS business is seeing a business growth in healthcare, financial institutions, manufacturing industries and Data Centres. BPE has a Pan-India service support which is available 24x7 and provides enhanced and proactive support for its customers.

Commenting on this expansion, Amitansu Satpathy, Managing Director, Best Power Equipments says, “This move will further strengthen our presence in northern cities. These pockets has presence of MNCs, BPO’s, local factories & manufacturing industries and we have seen a huge demand of Modular Home UPS & customized smart rack solutions. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Vipul Ray takes over as President, IEEMA for 2021-22 Rohit Pathak, CEO, Birla Copper, Hindalco Industries Limited takes over as Senior Vice President and Hamza Arsiwala, Chairman & Managing Director, Stelmec Limited, takes over as Vice Presidents for the year 2021-2022

Vipul Ray

Hamza Arsiwala

The Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers' Association (IEEMA) - the apex association of the Indian electrical equipment manufacturing industry, is pleased to announce Mr. Vipul Ray, Managing Director, Elmex Controls Ltd as the new President of IEEMA for the year 2021-2022. Mr. Ray took over at the Annual General Meeting of the Association held today.

Office Bearers Mr. Rohit Pathak, CEO, Birla Copper (Hindalco Industries Limited) and Mr. Hamza Arsiwala, Chairman & Managing Director, Stelmec Limited also took over as Vice Presidents for the year 2021-22.

Talking about his vision and priority for IEEMA, Vipul Ray stated “India is going through an energy transition as a result of which the Indian Electrical and allied electronics industry will have lots of opportunities. To my mind, innovation, investment in digital transformation, Research & development and quality will be key drivers to staying ahead of the curve. Exports, accessing international markets, will help keep us set our sights higher. Aligning to national priorities of AatmaNirbhar Bharat, vocal for local and local for global would be important.

IEEMA will therefore focus on all of these and at firm level, work with its members to build competitiveness to be able to access international markets. Of course, we will continue to build on our interactions with the Government to facilitate ‘Ease of Doing business; for our members.”

My team and I will continue to work in building a robust, healthy and dynamic Indian electrical equipment industry, encompassing the complete value chain in power generation, transmission and distribution equipment.

Remarking on the change, Ms Charu Mathur, Director General, IEEMA said, “We are delighted and looking forward to the leadership of Mr. Vipul Ray. He has an extensive international ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Rohit Pathak

experience, a passion for start-ups, innovation and technology.

All this makes him exceptionally well placed to lead IEEMA at this very important juncture.”

Mr. Vipul Ray is an active mentor in the start-up ecosystem, he is fueled with an undying passion for engineering and product development. His able leadership has aided Elmex grow multifold and has presence in more than 45 countries across the globe and in various sectors ranging from Renewables, Oil & Gas, Railways, Industrial Automation, Telecom, Power etc. Mr. Ray is a B.E. (Mechanical), M.S. (Manufacturing) from University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA) and M.B.A from University of California, Irvine (UCI).

About the two Vice Presidents, IEEMA:

Mr Rohit Pathak, is the CEO of Birla Copper, Hindalco Industries Limited. He has been with the Aditya Birla Group for over a decade and joined the Group as the Principal EA to the Group Chairman, Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, where he advised Mr Birla on key priorities (such as M&A, organic growth, special initiatives) and strategic planning & monitoring across the Group Businesses, and help the businesses on strategic issues and to leverage the Group Functions as needed.

Mr Hamza Arsiwala, is the MD & CEO of Stelmec Limited. , a company prominent in the Power sector in India for the last two decades. Hamza has demonstrated success in various facets of his life - from winning personal accolades to gaining market leadership for Stelmec’s M.V Switchgear and also building strong credibility in Power Transmission projects. Today, he is ploughing resources in automation within the Smart Grid space. He embraces every challenge and turns obstacles into opportunities for growth and learning. One who leads by example, he contributes with the attitude of selfless service. EM || October 2021 ||

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Mr. Shuichi Ito Appointed as Managing Director, Toshiba India Pvt. Ltd.

Toshiba India Pvt. Ltd. (TIPL) today announced the appointment of Mr. Shuichi Ito as the Managing Director, effective October 01, 2021.

Mr. Ito will lead TIPL to the path of next level of growth across group’s energy and social infrastructure businesses in the country.

A law graduate from Kyushu University of Japan, Mr. Ito comes with almost three decades of strong and diverse experience in Toshiba’s international energy business.

Mr. Ito will succeed Mr. Tomohiko Okada who was at the helm of TIPL’s operations for more than five years.

Welcoming Mr. Ito to his new role, Mr. Okada said, “During my association with India spanning over 30 years, I witnessed India-Japan economic partnership and investments reach new heights.

Toshiba has been actively contributing to Indian government’s initiatives, particularly Make-inIndia, Clean India, and Skill India. I believe Mr. Ito is the right person to further strengthen Toshiba’s support to India and to take TIPL into in its new growth phase.”

On his appointment, Mr. Ito stated, “Toshiba

remains committed to provide the latest technologies and solutions for India to achieve sustainable development. I am honoured to take over this responsibility from Mr. Okada and stand resolute in Toshiba’s commitment to India. I look forward to reinforcing our long-term partnership with customers and partners to support India in building world-class infrastructure and turn on the promise of a new day for India.”

Across his 30-years tenure with Toshiba, Mr. Ito has held various leadership roles in international operations, business development, sales, and other commercial functions in the energy infrastructure business field across Asia and South America. His first association with India dates back to the start of his career. In 1991, as part of the South Asia Group of Overseas Energy Division, he closely worked on a thermal power project in the state of Uttar Pradesh and supplied power transmission and distribution products to a major power company in India.

Later in 2016, he was appointed as the Director – Sales at Toshiba Transmission & Distribution Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd. where he worked on sales expansion in and outside India. EM

Govt goes on EV overdrive, to buy buses, PVs and three-wheelers in bulk EV plans are getting a mega charge from the government which plans to bulk buy electric buses, e-cars and SUVs and e-three wheelers in the next two years to drive up EV usage in India.

According to Mahua Acharya, MD&CEO, Convergence Energy Services Ltd (CESL), the mandate is to buy as many as 3400 e-buses, around 1,200 e-cars and SUVs and around 100,000 e-three wheelers over the next 12-18 months using bulk purchases, Fame 2 and state subsidies in order to get a better price.

CESL will offer clubbed tenders and bulk orders to enable OEMs like Tata Motors, Ashok Leyland, M&M, Piaggio and others to scale up their EV production. This would also help increase EV penetration in India, she added.

The tenders, said Acharya, focus on three types of vehicles.

For the fleet used in various government departments including city police, there is already "a demand of 1,200 vehicles in the last couple of months," she said. That includes bulk orders like 226 vehicles for the Kolkata police and another 700 odd vehicles from the Kerala government

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and Coal India. CESL is working with "vehicle leasing companies" to process these orders.

On the e-bus front, CESL is conducting a "grand challenge tender across 9 cities" (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Pune, Ahmedabad and Surat).

The new concept here is to allow EV makers to bid on a pay-per-km concept including vehicle cost, servicing and operations cost but offer bulk volumes and Fame 2 subsidies along with state carrots to get better prices.

"The grand tender will be floated in the next couple of days," said Acharya. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Vedanta Jharsuguda’s Power Plants awarded as

Best

Water-Efficient Plants

‘

Both Power Plants at Vedanta Jharsuguda, India’s largest producer of aluminium and its value-added products, were awarded as the ‘Best Water-Efficient Plant’ at the Water Optimization Conference, organised by the Mission Energy Foundation. Vedanta’s 4x600 MW Thermal Power Plant (TPP) and 9X135 MW Captive Power Plant (CPP) won the awards in the >=500 MW and <=500 MW categories respectively, for their innovative measures to optimize water consumption across their value-chain and increase the share of recycled and reused water.

To further bolster its efforts in water conservation, Vedanta has recently commissioned a Reverse Osmosis (RO) based Effluent Treatment Plant at its TPP in Jharsuguda. The 500 m3/hr capacity Effluent Treatment Plant will collect wastewater from various processes and will treat it to make it useful for various purposes across the plant, thereby ensuring maximum recycling of wastewater and conservation of freshwater.

Speaking about the company’s water stewardship, Mr. Deepak Prasad, Dy. CEO, Vedanta Ltd., Jharsuguda said, “We have lasersharp focus on water conservation at our operations and beyond and this award is a recognition of our efforts. In line with our mission ‘Zero Harm, Zero Waste and Zero Discharge’, we have adopted various robust measures to recycle and reuse wastewater from all plant processes.”

In FY21, Vedanta Jharsuguda has recycled a total of 86 lakh litres of water. The company has undertaken robust measures to optimize water consumption across its value-chain and increase the share of recycled and reused water, such as: • Water-screening assessment to develop and implement stringent control measures to ensure zero discharge operations.

• Integration of water management into decision-making processes for all projects.

• Continuous and online monitoring of water quality parameters, including reduction of specific water consumption. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

• Regular water consumption related audits, and appropriate measures to ensure continually improved performance.

• Water monitoring and control through SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system.

• Optimization of freshwater intake by maximizing usage of water recycled through state-of-the-art Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP), augmented with Ultra Filtration (UF), and Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Multi Evaporation Systems (MES).

• On-site water reservoirs have been created for water sourcing during contingency scenarios.

• Quick Response Teams to respond to extreme weather conditions, including unprecedented heavy rainfall.

• Aiding district administration in supplying drinking water to peripheral communities during summer months.

• Helped farmers in the community adopt drip-irrigation, treadle pump, solar powered water pumps, rainwater harvesting structures like percolation tanks, etc. to boost irrigation potential and reduce dependency on monsoons for cropping.

• Built several water-related community infrastructures like tube wells, bore wells, ponds, percolation tanks, etc. to help communities access water for household and irrigation purposes.

Vedanta is India’s largest producer of the green metal, aluminium, operating a world-class 1.6 MTPA aluminium smelter and 3615 MW thermal power generation facility in Jharsuguda, Odisha. The only Indian smelter in the global ‘1 Million Tonne’ production and export club, Vedanta Jharsuguda is a leader in value-added aluminium products that find critical applications across core industries. With its state-of-the-art facilities, unparalleled engineering prowess, R&D and innovation abilities, Vedanta Jharsuguda is working towards a sustainable and greener future for all by spurring emerging applications of aluminium, the ‘Metal of the Future’. EM || October 2021 ||

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Cover Story Gensets

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Power generation industry has travelled a long way from its first articulate level Even as the power ministry looks to focus on providing power supply to all, besides ensuring generation of surplus power, the number of diesel power generator sets in the country may be on a rise.

None of the government agencies publicly share any data related to the number of operating diesel generator sets (gensets) in India. However, data sourced through industry sources shows that diesel power generator sets capacities have risen at a rate of around 5,000 megawatts (MW) per annum in the last two years in the country.

According to data sourced through its internal research, private power producer Tata Power said capacity of diesel gensets is estimated to stand at 90,000 MW as on 2016-end, from 80,000 MW in 2014.

Increase in capacity is rather surprising as the past three years have seen the government focusing on increasing power supply in the country, besides witnessing a surplus condition in some scenarios. To be sure, the power exchanges in the country or the spot market for power have been trading

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at cheaper rates, as compared to their performace a few years back. On Friday, Power Minister Piyush Goyal took to social media platform Twitter and said that around 4,396 megawatts of power was available at rate of Rs. 2.59 per unit for states.

Industry experts attribute the rise in diesel gensets to the largely erratic and uneven power supply in the country, besides issues faced at the transmission and distribution level.

"Diesel generator sets are operated only for a short period of time during the day and are used as a back-up power supply," said Ashok Sethi, chief operating officer and executive director for Tata Power.

"The rise is not surprising as generator sets are a solution for erratic power.

Unless, the country moves towards reliable power supply and solves the transmission and distribution related issues, this trend will continue," said an industry official who did not wish to be identified. Power demand deficit peaked at 0.8% or 1,197 MW in April due to erratic power supply in the country.

Another industry consultant added that

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the increasing number of new factories and buildings in the country may have also contributed to the rising number of diesel-run generators sets as they require a running supply of power for operations.

The estimated figure gains significance when it is juxtaposed with the country's total generating capacity of 3, 30,260.53 MW, as per data compiled by Central Electricity Authority (CEA). The total generating capacity, however, does not include the capacity of power generated by diesel-run generator sets.

Even as the power ministry looks to focus on providing power supply to all, besides ensuring generation of surplus power, the number of diesel power generator sets in the country may be on a rise.

None of the government agencies publicly share any data related to the number of operating diesel generator sets (gensets) in India. However, data sourced through industry sources shows that diesel power generator sets capacities

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have raised at a rate of around 5,000 megawatts (MW) per annum in the last two years in the country.

According to data sourced through its internal research, private power producer Tata Power said capacity of diesel gensets is estimated to stand at 90,000 MW as on 2016-end, from 80,000 MW in 2014.

Increase in capacity is rather surprising as the past three years have seen the government focusing on increasing power supply in the country, besides witnessing a surplus condition in some scenarios. To be sure, the power exchanges in the country or the spot market for power have been trading at cheaper rates, as compared to their performace a few years back. Power Minister Piyush Goyal took to social media platform Twitter and said that around 4,396 megawatts of power was available at rate of Rs. 2.59 per unit for states.

Industry experts attribute the rise in diesel gensets to the largely erratic and uneven power supply in the country, besides issues faced at the transmission and distribution level. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

"Diesel generator sets are operated only for a short period of time during the day and are used as a back-up power supply," said Ashok Sethi, chief operating officer and executive director for Tata Power.

"The rise is not surprising as generator sets are a solution for erratic power. Unless, the country moves towards reliable power supply and solves the transmission and distribution related issues, this trend will continue," said an industry official who did not wish to be identified. Power demand deficit peaked at 0.8% or 1,197 MW in April due to erratic power supply in the country.

Another industry consultant added that the increasing number of new factories and buildings in the country may have also contributed to the rising number of diesel-run generators sets as they require a running supply of power for operations.

The estimated figure gains significance when it is juxtaposed with the country's total generating capacity of 3,30,260.53 MW, as per data compiled by Central Electricity Authority (CEA). The total generating capacity, however, does not

include the capacity of power generated by diesel-run generator sets.

Strengthening construction sector, booming transportation systems coupled with growing social infrastructure in the country would spur India diesel gensets market forecast revenues over the next six years. Diesel gensets have become a major source of power in the construction of modern infrastructure. Further, gensets are also heavily deployed to provide back-up power across several application areas such as construction, residential and commercial verticals.

India Diesel Genset Market Size is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6% during 2019-25. Diesel gensets with 5 kVA-75 kVA rating accounts for significant India diesel gensets market share due to their wide usage across various applications, ease of availability, and low cost. Increasing utilization of lower rating gensets across domains such as telecom infrastructure in unreliable and off-grid areas would help 5 kVA-75 kVA diesel genset market segments to maintain its dominance during the forecast period.

By region, the Southern region accounted for the highest revenue share in the overall market in 2018. The Northern region would however, witness a significant increase in demand for diesel gensets over the coming years on account of upcoming large-scale infrastructure projects such as Delhi Metro expansion and Lucknow Metro.

India Diesel Genset market report thoroughly covers market by kVA ratings, applications and regions. India diesel genset market outlook report provides an unbiased and detailed analysis of the on-going India diesel genset market trends, opportunities/high growth areas and market drivers which would help the stakeholders to devise and align their market strategies according to the current and future market dynamics.

According to report, “India Diesel Gensets Market By Rating,

By End User, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2011 – 2021”, the diesel gensets market in India is anticipated to register market revenues of around $2.9 Billion by 2021.

Diesel gensets play a crucial role in providing reliable and high-quality power backup during power outages as well as stand-alone power generation systems. Diesel gensets are increasingly being used for meeting power requirements from various end users across industrial, commercial and residential sectors. Broadly, diesel genset finds application as standby power system when prime source of power is unable to meet electricity requirements. Diesel gensets are also used as prime power source as well as for peak

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shaving purpose.

Geographical Outlook The high-volume adoption of 5 kVA–75 kVA gensets in commercial applications, including telecom towers, retail outlets, offices, malls, and hotels, is projected to drive their usage. Domestic and cross-border investments, along with the digitization projects undertaken by the government and revival in the commercial real estate sector, are expected to result in the establishment of single- and multi-tenant data centers, thereby propelling the installation of 5 kVA–75 kVA diesel generator (DG) sets.

The market in the country is projected to witness a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, on account of the shutting down of commercial and industrial establishments, in order to curtail the spread of the disease. Furthermore, this has temporarily put the production of diesel gensets on hold.

There has been a slump in the demand for diesel gensets from the first quarter of 2020, due to the locking down of various commercial establishments, including retail stores, offices, telecom towers, hotels, and airports, which account for a major share in the India diesel genset market. However, with the lifting of the government-imposed lockdown and allowance of air and rail travel, the industry is likely to witness slow recovery in the near future.

In 2019, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,

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Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh were the highest-revenuegenerating states in the India diesel genset market. This can be ascribed to the rise in the investments in the telecom sector and development of commercial infrastructure, along with an increase in the prime and backup power requirements in the residential facilities in these states.

As per the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), India’s retail sector is anticipated to increase from USD600 billion in 2015 to USD1,300 billion by 2020, exhibiting a CAGR of 16.72% during 2015 – 2021. While, the FMCG sector of the country is likely to grow at a CAGR of 20.61% during 2016 – 2020, reaching USD103.7 billion by 2020. In 2016, India surpassed the United States to become the second largest smartphone market in the world, with around 220 million active unique smartphone users registered in 2015.

According to the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), the telecom infrastructure has expanded at a CAGR of 20% during 2008 – 2015, reaching 571,000 towers in 2015. On an average, the country’s telecom tower network consumes over 11 billion kWh annually, and this is likely to increase to 17 billion kWh by the end of 2016. Hence, with anticipated high growth in the end user sectors of diesel gensets in India, the demand for diesel gensets in the country is expected to grow at a healthy pace during forecast period.

“Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has mandated telecommunications companies to switch from diesel gensets to renewable sources of power generation, as the total switch-over cost from diesel gensets would save nearly 2 billion litre per year of diesel, amounting to around USD1.19 billion annually. This is expected to curb the carbon footprint in the country over the next few years. In addition, the Department of Telecommunications has mandated many telecom companies to increase the proportion of hybridpowered tower sites to 75% in rural areas and 33% in urban areas by 2020. All these developments are expected to positively influence the country’s diesel gensets market over the span of next five years.”

“India Diesel Gensets Market by Rating, By End User, Competition Forecast & Opportunities and 2011 – 2021” has evaluated the future growth potential of India diesel gensets market and provides statistics and information on market size, structure and future market growth. The report intends to provide cutting-edge market intelligence and help decision makers take sound investment evaluation. Besides, the report also identifies and analyses the emerging trends along with essential drivers, challenges and opportunities ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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in India diesel gensets market.

Power generation industry in India is largely split into conventional & non-conventional ways of generating electrical power. Historically, in India, prominent sources of generating electrical power are, hydel (water based), thermal (coal based), nuclear (atomic based) along with these sources diesel engine based electrical power generation has been popular. Indian diesel generator set market (only based on high speed diesel) has been witnessing growth owing to infrastructure expansion, establishment of new industries & changing business environment in the country. Strong economic growth coupled with power deficits in many parts of the country would foster the demand for diesel generator sets. Also, growing number of telecom towers in the country are expected to boost the diesel generator set market.

Diesel engine-based power generation has been growing during this decade, in applications such as prime power or continuous duty as well as in backup or standby. It is worthwhile to understand the significance of start-ups in this industry in the context of challenges & opportunities.

‘Power generation’ is a casually used term but when it comes to receiving end of usage, power generated gets transmitted through transmission network which is then followed by local distribution using distribution network.

Power generation industry Imagine a day or night without electrical power. Every

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day or night, any human being needs electrical energy.

Presently, in India, the electrical power need is fulfilled using conventional & non-conventional sources of energy. Basic electrical need across the nation gets catered using boiler (coal fired) or turbine (steam or nuclear or hydel operated) & diesel generator set. Day-by-day, with the influence of ‘Make in India’ initiative, infrastructure segment in India & other industries across India have started peaking up the electrical power demand. In the year 2015, IBEF has done extensive survey on ‘Electrical Machinery’ potential mapping in the Indian market, till year 2022. They have covered power generation machinery, distribution machinery & transmission machinery under ‘Electrical Machinery. Study indicates that electrical power generation machinery installed capacity is expected to grow from 267 GW to 350 GW from year 2015 to year 2022 which is CAGR of 3.9% whereas power demand is expected to have growth at CAGR of 17%. This clearly indicates that there is high probability of having peak demand for electrical power across country.

During the same research, IBEF, in reference with a report published by Ministry of Heavy Industries, GoI, indicated to have CAGR of 27.2% for backup power generation units.

Generators are expected to have 5-fold growth till 2022.

Boilers are contributing to 63% of total generator industry followed by turbines with 27% & remaining approximate 10% is catered by Diesel engine driven power generator.

High Speed Diesel is the one which is famous ‘Diesel’

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utilized to power automobiles or generator sets. Presently, in the Indian market, High Speed Diesel engine-based power generation is enjoying 72% of market share against other sources. IBEF report indicates that the electrical machinery market has been opened for 100% FDI starting 2013 end, which is in line with the Central Pollution Control norms implementation strategy by the GoI. Even though there are government efforts to make India free from power-cuts & generate surplus power with continuity in supply & better quality of power, still there are gaps in present establishments & hence the option like UPS or Diesel engine-based power generation is becoming a popular source of back-up electrical supply.

With this change in pollution level norms on diesel enginebased power generation, various multinational generator set manufacturers have invested in India & have started challenging the established domestic giants. In the recent past, government has assigned various regional SEZ’s which are attracting these multinational giants to set up plants or factories & become competitive in global market as well.

Some of them are directly investing or some of them are coming in via joint venture route. One of the well-known research organizations in this field, RNCOS, have indicated in their report ‘India Diesel Market Outlook-2018’ that generator set market in India is on a growth path primarily due to peak demand in electrical power & also due to lack of continuous availability of power with better quality. Also,

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the ‘back-up’ power availability has started playing a crucial role in Indian industries such as engineering, infrastructure, realty, hospitality & many more. This report indicates that the generator market has seen a growth of 9.5% in the year 2013 over its previous calendar year.

It further indicated that it would have similar growth in next 5 years to come. The Indian diesel generator market is expected to grow at 11% CAGR in the product range of below 100 KVA & higher rating product ranges are expected to grow at CAGR of 7.8% till the year 2018.Power generation industry has been through various phases of evolution.

Generator manufacturers have started understanding the need of market or customers from their product than merely selling the generator sets. One of the critical evolution phases was sustaining in the change of pollution norms laid down by the GoI. First norms were laid down 10 years ago (CPCB-1) & the second were laid down in the year 2014 (known as CPCB-2). These have compelled the industry players to work on the structured or well organised sales process. The reason to change norms was purely based on environment protection & bringing in technical advancement in product, buying options for the buyers including the imported & domestic products. This has resulted in introduction of full-time availability of imported generator sets in India. Imported generator-set manufacturers have increased their capacities in India helping in boosting the Indian economy. To start with, the boost in economy looks

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to be negligible but the plans for next five years would attract investment of approximately USD 10 Bn. In the era of CPCB-1, India power generation segment has seen most dominating domestic players like Cummins India Ltd., Kirloskar Oil Engine, Greaves, Ashok Leyland & to some extent Mahindra & Mahindra.

As compared to presence of only 4 major domestic players in the past, there are 8 major players now, essentially adding 4 giants from global market (Caterpillar, Perkins, MTU & Mitsubishi). Over the years, since 2013, market potential for diesel generator sets has gone up from 75,000 units per year to 100,000 units per year, making it to approximate increase of turnover in value terms as INR 3000 crore annually. This estimates out to 25% growth in potential & doubling the number of players.

Power generation industry evolution Power generation industry has travelled a long way from its first articulate level of ‘chaotic or chaos’ to present days ‘reportable’ stage. In one of the recent articles by ‘Markets & Markets, on generator set industry growth prospects worldwide (till year 2020), growth indicated to be around US $ 20 Bn USD from present level of US $13 Bn (2015) which means at CGAR of 5.4%. Primary reasons for this growth are indicated to be growing need of continuous power supply & increasing power outages. The report also segments the diesel generator market on the basis of end-user, which includes industrial (power generation/ utilities, oil, gas & others), commercial (IT & telecom, healthcare, & others) and residential. The industrial segment is one of largest users of diesel generators and occupies more than 50% of the total market share in the end-user segment of the diesel generators market. This market is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, owing to chronic power outages & rapid growth of industries, infrastructure, IT & tele-communication industry across the world. Growing industrialization & frequent power outages are driving the demand for diesel generators in this region.

The diesel generator market in India is expected to grow at the highest CAGR, owing to growing IT, data centre, telecom, & ongoing infrastructure development programmes in the country. Start-ups are essentially of two kinds. The first one starts ground up or the one which no one has thought about.

In last two to three years, many such start-ups came in & vanished on their own. This type of start-up is difficult to create but once created often sees unprecedented growth.

The second type is primarily the ones that do not want to

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reinvent the wheel. They are interested to adding old sauce in a new dish with little value addition, either superficial, or in actual, to create something new &innovative. Both these major types of start-ups are seen in all industries.

Whatever may be the kind of start-up, Indian start-ups face their own set of challenges & some stellar opportunities.

With India power-starved, the millions of diesel generator (DG) sets working to meet the shortage in industrial and commercial units now add up to a cumulative capacity of 90,000 MW. That figure is nearly equal to what was India’s total installed power generation capacity just over a decade ago (March 2002) and about 36 per cent of the current installed generation capacity.

As per more figures compiled by the country’s power regulator, the DG capacity is growing at a rate of 5,000 MW to 8,000 MW every year. That is higher than the cumulative nuclear and solar capacities being added year-on-year in the country.

Besides, the estimate, presented by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) at a recent meeting of its Central Advisory Commission here, is largely restricted to just the big DG sets of over 100 kvA (kilo volt ampere) used by industrial and commercial units as a back-up to the unreliable and insufficient power supply to non-domestic consumers across nearly all states.

Taking into account domestic loadrunning on gensets would take this figure to beyond 90,000 MW. Apart from the fact that they spew tonnes of carbon-dioxide, the gensets run on subsidised diesel. The cost of generation from a mid-sized DG set is over Rs 14-15 per unit.

Currently, thermal generation capacity of over 48,000 MW

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is stranded in the country in the absence of coal linkages and non-closure of power purchase agreements (pacts with buyers of electricity), or due to the lack of flexibility in diversion of coal.

Aggravating matters is the fact that despite a cumulative installed generation capacity (as on August 31, 2014) of 2,50,257 MW, demand up to only 1,40,000 MW is met, primarily due to transmission infrastructure failing to keep pace with generation capacity.

Interestingly, as per the Central Electricity Authority’s latest estimate, the country’s diesel-fuelled power capacity is just 1,199 MW. This means that the massive capacity of 90,000 MW from DG sets is completely outside the realm of policymaking and official statistics.

While the break-up of this DG capacity was not available, officials involved in the exercise said the data was largely collated from manufacturers of DG sets.

At the consumer level, the spread of DG sets is increasing with every passing year, considering that practically all commercial establishments, mid-to-large sized factories and apartment complexes are equipped with back-up power that runs on diesel.

The specific suggestion put up before the CERC at the May 16 advisory commission meeting was that state electricity regulators (SERCs, which are the equivalent of CERC) be asked to impose “restrictions” on use of diesel gensets in order to mitigate the risk of energy security and for the protection of environment.

A CII representative countered this saying that industry, by and large, does not run DG sets out of choice, but as a matter of compulsion. In the absence of reliable and quality power supply from distribution utilities, most of which are

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state-owned electricity boards, industry is forced to rely on back supply, despite the prohibitive costs. This also involves bribing fuel pump owners to ensure a regular supply of diesel, the representative said.

A July 2014 report prepared by research and consulting firm GlobalData, focusing on energy and healthcare industries, also notes that while the US, China and India are currently the top markets for diesel gensets, their market share will improve only in China and India by the end of the forecast period of 2020.

According to Siddhartha Raina, Senior Analyst for GlobalData: “China and India each face a considerable gap between their power supply and demand, creating attractive markets for diesel genset manufacturers. High power deficits, coupled with significant economic growth potential, are expected to be the strongest drivers behind these markets’ expansion.”

Conclusion Expanding activity across all segments in the manufacturing sector, construction and infra sectors, and standby power from the residential segment, all add up to generating a robust demand for gensets in India, across all types and capacities.

A trend boosting market growth for gensets is technological advances. Improved fuel economy continues to be the most significant advancement in diesel engine technology. Though many end-users prefer gasoline-powered equipment, the diesel engine segment has a solid end-user base in data centers as it is an economical option - an important parameter considered for owning power backup equipment.

Over the years, several initiatives and changes have been implemented to improve the overall efficiency of engines in a diesel genset. Most of the modifications involve igniting of power within the engine itself, derived from a combination of oxygen and fuel.

According to the report, a key growth driver is frequent power outages. Power outages form one of the common problems faced by developing countries such as India. India, being one of the fastest developing nations in the world, depends largely on electricity for its industrial, commercial, infrastructure, transport, and other sectors. India is the third largest electricity producer and consumer in the world after the US and China. However, an estimated 27% of the energy generated in India gets lost during transmission or is stolen. Peak supply falls short of 9%, and frequent power outages last for an average of 10 hours in many regions of the country. EM || October 2021 ||

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Thermal Camera

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Thermal imaging camera systems play a pivotal role To limit the spread of the highly contagious COVID-19 virus, many businesses across the globe have deployed social distancing requirements, stringent cleaning protocols and capacity limitations as part of their plan to safely reopen. Even with these measures in place, retailers, office complexes and educational facilities are recognizing that technology will also play a critical role to help identify individuals who may have the virus even before that person enters the premises.

This is where thermal imaging camera systems play a pivotal role, with casinos, retailers and manufacturing facilities among the first to invest in and deploy this solution to help them to proactively detect an elevated temperature in visitors or employees prior to entry. Many more businesses are expected to follow suit in the coming weeks and months, as they look for additional measures to reduce the spread of the virus and to safely reopen in a COVID-19 world.

Thermal surveillance has been part of the traditional physical security and outdoor perimeter detection portfolio for years.

This surveillance systems work by picking up heat emitted by an object or a person and can detect vehicles or individuals in a predetermined area. It is especially useful in the dark, when a traditional surveillance system might be limited in its detection capabilities due to limited light sources.

With the spread of COVID-19, the security industry quickly began to look at how security solutions, and specifically thermal imaging cameras systems, could be leveraged as part

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of the reopening plan for businesses and schools.

Thermal imaging camera systems with a blackbody temperature calibration device offer a more accurate solution that also provides a higher throughput of people for scanning, as well as the ability to locally and remotely monitor and manage alerts. They also integrate with other technologies, such as a turnstiles, physical access control systems and intrusion devices. The combination makes this type of solution ideal for facilities that require a first line of defense in high traffic areas or when rapid people flow is essential - commercial office buildings during morning rush hour, transit stations or manufacturing plants during shift changes.

Systems that incorporate a blackbody device typically employ a dual sensor camera, which has a visual sensor and a thermal sensor built into the camera, along with a separate blackbody device. The blackbody device is an integral part of thermal imaging as it relates to detecting elevated skin temperature scanning as it provides the ongoing calibration of the infrared temperature sensor for a higher degree of accuracy. It also helps maintain thermal equilibrium through its management of radiation while providing a near-perfect temperature source, preventing the temperature readings from being influenced by a common issue of thermal sensors called drift.

Throughput is also an important consideration for businesses to take into account. Achieving effective throughput, through a turnstile or

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a busy main entry door with card reader, requires a single person at a time to be able to walk through without stopping. To ensure a high level of accuracy and to maintain proper resolutions with a thermal imaging camera system, an interval of two to four seconds between each person is required. Depending on how many people need to be processed, elevated skin detection cameras can be deployed at multiple lanes to accommodate anticipated traffic – between 15 and a maximum of 30 individuals per minute can be processed by a camera-black body pair while achieving medical grade accuracy in line with IEC 80601-2-59:2017 standards when using compliant devices and proper installation.

Systems that provide a variety of alerting capabilities can provide a high level of flexibility for organizations incorporating elevated skin temperature into their new health and safety operations.

While a vast majority of users will deploy a thermal solution with local monitoring, alerting and response, some systems also feature integrations with video management systems for remote monitoring and management. VMS integration can also prove a valuable tool for automated contagion reporting for contact tracing, controlling access through the VMS and PACS integration and activating an organization’s event response protocols.

For local monitoring and response, some thermal imaging cameras may include a built-in speaker for configurable audible alerts. These alerts can be customized in response to detecting a temperature variation beyond the norm. The audible alert can announce or alert that a temperature alert has been detected and instruct an individual to proceed to a second scanning area or to stay in place while the appropriate person responds.

Installing thermal imaging cameras for scanning elevated skin temperatures will soon become the new normal as more and more companies migrate back to the workplace. Businesses should follow best practices with the installation, deployment and usage following standards of these devices, to achieve the optimal success and the best possible accuracy in elevated skin temperature scanning.

Thermal imaging cameras are devices that translate thermal energy (heat) into visible light in order to analyze a particular object or scene. The image produced is known as a thermogram and is analyzed through a process called thermography. Thermal imaging cameras are sophisticated devices that process the captured image and display it on a screen. These images can be used for immediate diagnosis or processed through specialized software for further evaluation, accuracy and report output. Thermal imaging cameras take measuring temperature to the next level; instead of getting a number for the temperature you get a picture showing the temperature differences of a surface.

What Do Thermal Imaging Cameras See? Visible light is what we see around us every day. It is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see. Visible light only takes up a small area in the electromagnetic spectrum and infrared radiation (IR) represents a larger percentage. If we want to see what’s going on in other parts of the spectrum we need specialized equipment.

All objects absorb, reflect and sometimes transmit energy at different

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levels. Different materials will give off heat or cold energy at different rates. It’s this energy that can be detected by infrared equipment and displayed as images.

Thermal Imaging Camera Applications and Uses Originally developed for military use during the Korean War, thermal imaging cameras have migrated into other fields and have found many uses. Firefighters use them to see through smoke, find people and localize hotspots of fires. Law enforcement uses the technology to manage surveillance activities, locate and apprehend suspects, investigate crime scenes and conduct search and rescue operations.

Power line maintenance technicians locate overheating joints and parts to eliminate potential failures. Where thermal insulation becomes faulty, building construction technicians can see heat leaks to improve the efficiencies of cooling or heating. Physiological activities, such as fever, in human beings and other warm-blooded animals can also be monitored with thermo graphic imaging. They are also common tools used by home inspectors.

Thermal Imaging Camera Features Thermal imaging cameras can be purchased with the bare minimum of features that only read the temperature of the fixed center crosshairs on the display or with multiple features that allow the user to select multiple moveable crosshairs and draw comparisons between them to show the high, low and average temperatures on the display. Thermal imaging cameras have user-selectable multiple color palettes, such as black/white, iron or rainbow. The iron palette is most commonly used by home inspectors. The black/white palette helps identify details on an image, and the rainbow palette has the best thermal sensitivity for displaying the differences in temperature. See sample images below of some color palettes.

What to Look for in a Thermal Imaging Camera?

There are a number of components that contribute to both the quality and the cost of a thermal imaging camera. The two most important factors are the detector resolution and the thermal sensitivity.

The detector resolution describes the number of pixels. The most common resolutions are 160 x 120, 320 x 240 and 640 x 480 pixels.

A 320 x 240 detector produces an image composed of 76,800 pixels.

Since each pixel has a temperature associated with it that is 76,800 temperature data points. Higher resolutions also produce visibly clearer images.

Thermal sensitivity is the smallest temperature difference the camera can detect. A sensitivity of 0.05° means the camera can distinguish between two surfaces with only a five-hundredths of a degree temperature difference.

Another important factor to consider is the thermal imaging camera’s temperature range. The range tells what the minimum and maximum temperatures are that the camera can measure (-4°F to 2200°F is typical).

To obtain the best thermal image to analyze, there are four adjustments that can be made to most cameras: focus, emissivity setting changes, reflective temperature setting changes and thermal tuning. Each of these adjustments must be considered when selecting a thermal imaging camera.

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Just like a standard camera, the lens of the thermal imaging camera needs to be focused to enhance the clarity of the image. Most cameras can be focused by twisting the lens. More sophisticated cameras have a push-button focus.

Emissivity is the amount of radiation emitted from an object compared to that of a perfect emitter of radiation when both are at the same temperature. Adjusting the emissivity is important when taking temperature measurements or when comparing the temperatures of two different objects. Not all cameras allow the user to input reflective temperature.

The reflective temperature setting allows the user to compensate for surrounding objects’ temperature reflecting on an object. Just like emissivity, reflective temperature is important when taking temperature measurements or comparing two objects’ temperatures.

Not all cameras allow the user to input reflective temperature.

Thermal tuning the camera involves adjusting the span or temperature range that the camera sees while in manual viewing mode. Manual mode allows the user to adjust the span to a desired range, and the camera will always display this temperature range. Using the manual mode is best when used to bring out temperature differences of the object being viewed.

Thermal Imaging Camera Limitations Because thermal energy can be reflected off shiny surfaces, thermal imaging cameras cannot see through glass. Thermal imaging cameras can be used to gather information about the inside of a wall, but they cannot see through walls. It is also important to know that thermal imaging cameras should not be used as the only deciding factor that a problem exists. Using other instruments should always be used to confirm the problem.

The History of Thermal Imaging Cameras Thermal imaging goes all the manner back to 1800 once infrared was discovered as a type of radiation on the far side red lightweight.

Whereas infrared technology has several uses its most notable for thermal imaging cameras. A typical camera captures the sunshine we will see with our eyes, however a thermal camera captures “invisible” infrared emission, creating technology like vision spectacles attainable.

The first thermal camera is nearly a hundred years previous, and it spent a lot of its youth utilized in the wars of the 20th century.

But today, they’re home items. Anyone can purchase a camera with a thermal imaging sensing element for simply some hundred greenbacks and use it as a hobby or recreation.

Thermal Cameras Thermal imaging may be a methodology of raising the visibility of objects during a dark atmosphere by detection the objects' infrared and making a picture supported that data.

Thermal imaging, near-infrared illumination, low-light imaging and are the 3 most ordinarily used visual sense technologies. In contrast to the opposite 2 strategies, thermal imaging works in environments with none close light-weight. Like near-infrared illumination, thermal imaging will penetrate obscurants like smoke, fog and haze.

Here's a quick rationalization of however thermal imaging works: All objects emit infrared energy (heat) as an operator of their

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temperature. The infrared energy emitted by Associate in nursing object is understood as its heat signature. In general, the warmer Associate the nursing object is the additional radiation it emits. A thermal imager (also referred to as a thermal camera) is actually a heat sensing element that's capable of detection little variations in temperature. The device collects the infrared from objects within the scene Associate in Nursing creates a picture supported data regarding the temperature variations. As a result of objects are seldom exactly constant temperature as alternative objects around them, a thermal camera will notice them and that they can seem as distinct during a thermal image.

11 options to seem for in thermal imaging software package Robust desktop and itinerant software package is a vital side of infrared scrutiny workflows. The software package will facilitate enhance and clarify pictures, add analysis and share professional-looking reports in applications spanning mechanical, electrical, equipment and building medicine and additional.

It’s necessary to notice that analyzing thermo graphic mental imagery accurately needs special coaching to require under consideration emissivity of objects and alternative factors which will influence temperature measurements by infrared cameras.

Just as skilled photographers use a software package to show pictures into beautiful works appropriate for a business enterprise or widespread sharing, thermographers use software package as a tool to investigate so enhance and fine-tune thermal pictures that the data will be shared with manager’s and others. Smart software package absolutely utilizes the radiometric knowledge provided by the camera’s detector to urge the foremost out of the image or video.

In addition, the user will import pictures directly from associate degree infrared camera’s memory or a removable storage device like associate degree SD or small SD. once evaluating software package to use with associate degree infrared camera, specialists advocate you make sure the software package includes these necessary features: Multiple images or video formats – method and export pictures in multiple file formats such a .jpg, .tiff, .bmp, .gif or .avi similarly as proprietary formats which will faucet additional knowledge for advanced analyses. Fluke infrared cameras will save in is 2 formats, for example, for additional image process and analysis in good view software package and pictures, will be exported from this software package to several unremarkably used file formats. You’ll conjointly like better to export the temperature knowledge from the image to CSV or XLS format for additional analysis.

Edit and manipulate pictures – Modify level and span, amendment emissivity, add markers, highlight boxes, reference pictures and colour alarms.

Combine visible radiation and infrared pictures – Modify and mix visible and infrared pictures so as to higher find potential drawback areas. This is often the IR Fusion feature in Fluke software package.

Live viewing and sharing of infrared pictures or video – Read streaming knowledge from your camera on your smart phone or pc.

This is often accessible via the Fluke Connect mobile app on some models, as an example. Share pictures in a period of time across the net for viewing by remote team members. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Remotely management your infrared camera - Some software package helps you to activate motor vehicle focus or capture pictures and alternative functions while not touching the camera, which may be valuable in doubtless venturous areas or tough applications.

Create example or custom reports – Best-in-class software package adds choices for building and customizing reports to export in .pdf or .docx formats for sharing.

3-dimensional analysis – A capability of higher software package programs for thermal image analysis, viewing infrared pictures from totally different views helps eliminate false positives and supports the identification of extra drawback areas. Fluke’s 3D analysis capability is named 3D-IR. Side-by-side comparison – Necessary to prognostic maintenance, side-by-side comparisons of pictures taken at totally different Times Are enclosed within the Fluke Connect software package platforms plus Health dashboard.

Change colour palette – Management colours within the image so as to form heat or cold simply apparent or hold grey scale.

Annotations – Add text, audio, and extra visible radiation pictures to assist add all necessary data regarding associate degree application.

Categorize and catalogue pictures – Tools to reason, tag or catalogue thermal pictures and go together with instrumentality. This feature is made into Fluke Connect Assets software package.

ADVANTAGES Thermal cameras let individuals see what their eyes can’t: invisible heat radiation emitted or mirrored by all objects, no matter lighting conditions. A number of the best advantages of thermal imaging are available in the domain of security. Security cameras became a staple of protection for several (if not all) major businesses across the country, and in such a landscape, the necessity to supply quality pictures is vital to supply constant protection against potential intruders.

Thermal cameras provide superior protection in difficult conditions.

1. Low-Light Situations 2. resistant to Visual Limitations 3. Camouflaging Foliage 4. Fewer False Alarms Survey Thermal cameras are passive sensors that capture the actinic radiation emitted by all objects with a temperature on top of temperature. This sort of camera was originally developed as a police investigation and visual sense tool for the military, however recently the value has born, considerably gap up a broader field of applications. Deploying this sort of detector in vision systems eliminates the illumination issues of traditional grayscale and RGB cameras. This survey provides an outline of the present applications of thermal cameras. Applications embrace animals, agriculture, buildingsand gas detection, industrial and military applications, similarly as detection, tracking and recognition of humans.

Moreover, this survey describes the character of thermal radiation and therefore the technology of thermal cameras.

Global Infrared Thermal Camera Market 2018 New Trends – Agiltron, Raytheon, FLIR Systems opposition, Sofradir Europe

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Fior Markets recently disclosed a brand new report titled international Infrared Thermal Camera Market Insights, Forecast to 2025 that speaks regarding a whole item review Associate in nursing its degree within the market to tell apart the key terms additionally as providing the shoppers with an all-comprising thought of the market and its tendencies. The report offers an entire geographical segmentation read of the Infrared Thermal Camera market alongside the assessment of the trade driving it. The report enlists all necessary market updates additionally as technological updates.

An aim of this report is to capture the mindshare of our target market.

Likewise, the market report contains key esteems and realities of the sales advertise concerning volume, deals and its development rate, profit and its development rate. The report additionally holds regions and country wise development standing which has market size, market share, volume and price. For every geographical regional market, product evaluation and profit analysis are performed and provide and demand statistics additionally as region-wise growth veteran by the market is obtainable within the report.

This elaborated study can document four important components of the Infrared Thermal Camera market i.e., the key market players, soul usage, the merchandise divisions, and also the geographical divisions.

Major Regions play important role in market are: North America, us, Canada, Mexico, Asia-Pacific, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Europe, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, remainder of Europe, Central & South America, Brazil, remainder of South America, geographic area, GCC Countries, Turkey, Egypt, Republic of South Africa, remainder of geographic area Major Players in Infrared Thermal Camera market are: Agiltron, Raytheon, FLIR Systems opposition., Sofradir Europe, Inc., AIM, L-3 CE, N.E.P., Teledyne, NIT, DALIInfrared Thermal Camera Using Thermal Cameras for Testing Solar Panels Quality assurance is of elementary importance for star panels. The failure-free operation of the panels may be a requirement for economic power generation, long life, and a high come back on the investment. To confirm this failure-free operation a quick, easy and reliable methodology to gauge a star panel's performance is needed, each throughout the assembly method and once the panel has been put in.

This technical note illustrates however thermo graphic scrutiny of electrical phenomenon systems, like star panels, permits the quick localization of potential defects at the cell and module level additionally because of the detection of doable electrical interconnection issues.

Further, not like alternative strategies, thermal inspections are also meted out beneath traditional operative conditions over giant areas and doesn’t need a system pack up.

Thermal imaging cameras are already a longtime R&D tool for the analysis of star cells and panels. For these refined measurements, typically superior cameras with cooled detectors, used beneath controlled laboratory conditions.

This technical note demonstrates that the employment of thermal imaging cameras for electrical device analysis needn't be restricted to the sector of analysis. The authors show however the most recent generation of FLIR uncooled thermal imaging cameras are presently || October 2021 ||

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being employed for electrical device internal control before installation and regular prophetical maintenance check-ups once the panel has been put in.

The technical note concludes that scrutiny with a brand new generation uncooled hand-held thermal imaging camera, beginning with the standard management within the installation section, followed by regular check-ups facilitates complete and easy system condition observation.

This thermal imaging scrutiny protocol has been shown to assist to keep up the star panels' practicality and to increase their lifespan.

Victimization thermal imaging cameras for electrical device inspections can thus drastically improve the operative company’s come back on investment.

Railways scraps thermal cameras tender after firms allege advantage China The railways has scrapped a tender for thermal cameras meant for ‘Covid surveillance’ after Indian firms alleged that the tender specifications favoured a Chinese company.

In June, Railtel, the railways’ telecom arm, had issued a tender for thermal temperature screening AI-based surveillance cameras for assistance in Covid-19 surveillance. The government company has decided to issue a fresh tender after the controversy.

“EOI for selection of partner for thermal temperature screening solution to RCIL’s customers’ stands cancelled with immediate effect.

Fresh EOI will be published soon,” a notice by the PSU said.

This comes at a time when the Indian government has banned 59 apps, mostly having Chinese links, saying they were “engaged in activities prejudicial to sovereignty and integrity of India”.

India and China are involved in a tense border stand-off along the Line of Actual Control in Ladakh. A brutal brawl in Galwan Valley on June 15 led to 20 Indian and an unspecified number of Chinese soldiers dead.

In a letter written to Railtel, one of the vendors said the pre-qualification criteria laid down for the OEM & bidder has some anomalies and ambiguities. Hindustan Times has seen a copy.

“Even after the release of the latest corrigendum (on June 23) the

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department has some ambiguities too in technical specifications.

Specifications issued are biased to Chinese OEM i.e. Hikvision, Specs clearly mentioned DeepinMind technology which is a proprietary feature of Hikvision NVRs,” the letter said.

Indian firms have alleged that artificial intelligence technology DeepInMind - which is specified in the tender is a proprietary feature of Chinese firm Hikvision, a company partly owned by the Chinese government.

According to Hikvision’s technology, Network Video Recorder (NVR) has a “mind” of its own and can analyse and classify human and vehicle targets from video streams.

Under the specifications mentioned in the tender for temperature screening with facial recognition and mask detection, Railtel mentioned “Special interface in DeepinMind NVR.” The specifications for the cameras include temperature screening with facial recognition and mask detection, simultaneous temperature screening for multiple persons, detecting whether people wear masks and giving timely alarms on people without masks.

While the initial tender for these cameras issued on June 9 excluded a crucial specification called “black body” temperature - the ability of the cameras to accurately measure temperatures emitted by a person to say whether a person has fever or not - and the DeepinMind technology specification, they were included in the revised tender issued on June 23.

Railtel had floated the tender to purchase around 800 such camera systems.

Hindustan Times had on November 10 last year reported the national carrier is planning a complete overhaul of security at railway stations through the use of facial recognition technology backed by artificial intelligence.

It also planned to link the facial recognition system (FRS) with existing databases such as the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) to identify criminals prowling railway stations.

Thermal Imaging Systems and COVID-19 • When used correctly, thermal imaging systems generally have been shown to accurately measure someone’s surface skin

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temperature without being physically close to the person being evaluated. Thermal imaging systems offer certain benefits in that other methods need a closer proximity or contact to measure temperature (for example, non-contact infrared thermometers or oral thermometers).

• Temperature-based screening, such as thermal imaging, is not effective at determining if someone definitively has COVID-19 because, among other things, a person with COVID-19 may not have a fever. A diagnostic test must be performed to determine if someone has COVID-19.

• Thermal imaging systems have not been shown to be accurate when used to take the temperature of multiple people at the same time. The accuracy of these systems depends on careful set-up and operation, as well as proper preparation of the person being evaluated.

• Thermal imaging systems have been used by several countries during epidemics, although information about their effectiveness as part of efforts to reduce the spread of disease has been mixed.

• The FDA issued the Enforcement Policy for Telethermographic Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency guidance to help expand the availability of thermal imaging systems and mitigate thermometer shortages during the public health emergency. The guidance sets forth an enforcement policy that is intended to apply to all thermal imaging systems that are intended for medical purposes for the duration of the public health emergency related to COVID-19, and provides recommendations regarding performance and labeling of such systems.

Benefits of Thermal Imaging Systems • The person who handles the thermal imaging system is not required to be physically close to the person being evaluated.

In fact, the person who handles the thermal imaging system could be in a different area or room.

• The thermal imaging system may measure surface skin temperature faster than the typical forehead or oral (mouth) thermometer that requires a close distance or physical contact with the person being evaluated.

• Scientific studies show that, when used correctly, thermal imaging systems generally measure surface skin temperature accurately.

Limitations of Thermal Imaging Systems • Although these systems may be in use for initial temperature assessment to triage individuals in high throughput areas (for example, airports, businesses and sporting events), the systems have not been shown to be effective when used to take the temperature of multiple people at the same time.

They should not be used for "mass fever screening."

• These systems measure surface skin temperature, which is usually lower than a temperature measured orally. Thermal imaging systems must be adjusted properly to correct for this difference in measurements. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

These systems work effectively only when all the following are true: 1. The systems are used in the right environment or location.

2. The systems are set up and operated correctly.

3. The person being assessed is prepared according to instructions.

4. The person handling the thermal imaging system is properly trained.

Proper Use of Thermal Imaging Systems The person who handles the system should follow all manufacturer instructions to make sure the system is set up properly and located where it can measure surface skin temperature accurately.

The person who handles the system should be trained to properly prepare both the location where the system will be used, and the person being evaluated, to increase accuracy. For details, see the standards and scientific papers listed under References below.

Preparing the Area where You will Use a Thermal Imaging System • Room temperature should be 68-76 °F (20-24 °C) and relative humidity 10-50 percent.

• Try to control other items that could impact the temperature measurement: 1. Avoid reflective backgrounds (for example, glass, mirrors, metallic surfaces) to minimize reflected infrared radiation.

2. Use in a room with no draft (movement of air), out of direct sunlight and away from radiant heat (for example, portable heaters, electrical sources).

3. Avoid strong lighting (for example, incandescent, halogen and quartz tungsten halogen light bulbs).

Conclusion Thermal imaging has been successfully used for medical diagnosis of vascular disorders. The temperature in the affected regions of patients with vascular disorders was low in the extremities due to obstructed arteries. However, in some areas it showed 0.7 to 1°C higher temperature than the normal areas due to inflammation and venous flow alteration. In general the thermal image findings were in good agreement with the clinical findings. However, the areas showing higher temperature contrast were noted not to be obvious in the clinical examination. This study demonstrates the usefulness of thermal imaging for medical diagnostics, with high reliability. EM

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Capacitors

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India has developed super capacitors using indigenous materials Introduction Power factor correction is the method to reduce the lagging power factor in inductive loads by fixing a high value capacitor across the phase and neutral close to the load. When the Voltage and Current are in phase with each other in an AC circuit, the energy from the source is fully converted into another form to drive the load and in this case power factor is in unity. When the power factor drops, the system becomes less efficient. As a rule a drop from unity to 0.9 in the power factor increases the current requirement to 15% or more.

A power factor of 0.7% increases the power requirement to around 40%. This is much severe in the case of inductive loads such as Motors, Refrigerators and Inverters etc. In these inductive loads, current “lags” the voltage leading to “lagging power factor”. But opposite condition occurs if current “leads” the voltage.

This is called “leading power factor”.

Power factor correction is the method to reduce the lagging power factor in inductive loads by fixing a high

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value capacitor across the phase and neutral close to the load. These capacitors have leading power factor so that it will neutralize the lagging power factor of the load. Power factor correction has the following advantages.

1. Load becomes more efficient 2. Prevents wastage of energy though heat 3. Maintains voltage stability Being a cheaper product when compared to other components, and with the increasing need for energy efficiency, the demand for capacitors is rising rapidly. According to an Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association (IEEMA) report, the Indian capacitor market registered a growth of 17.3 per cent during the first quarter of FY 2018-2019.

Despite the wide application of capacitors, the Indian capacitor industry has very few manufacturers in the organised sector. One of the major concerns in the recent past has been the rising cost of materials, coupled with the falling market price

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for the finished product. Prices of imported capacitors are lower when compared to what is available in the domestic market. Although the capacitor segment has seen relatively good growth, year on year, the actual volume of capacitors necessary to bring down the transmission and distribution losses is much below the required level.

However, manufacturers are always on the lookout for new materials or variants of older materials that can be incorporated into passive components. Here’s a quick look at what’s new in the capacitor industry and the latest trends being followed globally.

Current global trends Demand for ultra-capacitors: Experts believe that electrochemical double layered super capacitors (EDLC), also known as ultra-capacitors, will be in demand through the current year. Ultra-capacitors offer a very efficient, high energy solution, with high performance across a wide range of temperatures and a long lifespan with little to no maintenance. “Worldwide, efforts are being made to improve EDLCs for their high energy density. These innovative capacitors are used in transportation, grid scale energy storage, wind turbines, server memory, consumer electronics applications, etc,” shares SK Jain, managing director, Sumitron Exports Pvt Ltd. Higher capacitance value: According to A Bali, vice president, Deki Electronics Ltd, the current trend is towards smaller

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sizes in the high frequency environment along with the use of high capacitance value items. “A large capacitance means that more charge can be stored. Electrolytic capacitors are capable of providing the highest capacitance values of any type of capacitor. There are two types of electrolytic capacitors in common use—aluminium and tantalum,” he adds.

Low equivalent series resistance: Moving along with the current trend towards lower voltage and higher current circuits, designers are now specifying capacitors with minimal ESR. Higher levels of functionality in today’s designs mean that despite the fall in voltage levels, circuit power levels should not drop. In simple words, a lower voltage means higher current levels. Thus, there is an increased demand on the power management circuit to deliver energy during periods of high current. Therefore, capacitors or capacitor banks that are used in the power management circuit need to exhibit low ESR characteristics.

Multiple SMT electrolytic capacitors: With surface mount technology (SMT) picking up fast, capacitors for surface mount devices (SMD) are used in vast quantities. There are different types of SMD capacitors, ranging from the ceramic variety to the tantalum and electrolytic type. SMT low ESR type electrolytic capacitors are more in demand as they offer a combined solution of high capacitance, to supply energy during high speed load stepping, and low ESR to reduce the output filter ripple (noise) voltage. Where ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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liquid electrolytic capacitors offer high values of capacitance and low ESR that tends to be lower in cost, solid electrolytic capacitors feature reduced ESR, very high ripple current ratings and reduced size at a higher cost.

Miniaturisation of capacitors: Miniaturisation is another new trend that is catching on. Miniaturisation of multi-layer ceramic chip capacitors has not only brought about reductions in product sizes, but also contributes to the efficient use of resources and saves energy in manufacturing, secondary materials, transport and customer processes. It has allowed customers to reduce storage space by about 80 per cent.

Multi-layer ceramic capacitors: Increased adoption among design engineers across many industries has pushed multilayer ceramic capacitors into the mainstream in the past few years. Certain variants have even replaced tantalum type of capacitors. Faced with the miniaturisation trend, manufacturers are keen to develop smaller yet more efficient products. Shares Aloysius Ang, field application engineer, Murata Electronics (India) Pvt Ltd, “Multi-layer ceramic capacitors of 0201 size are going to be in the mainstream, led by demand from mobile phones and other portable markets. These capacitors are now being used in netbooks, e-book readers, gaming devices and other touch panel applications.”

Global technological innovations Technological advancements are taking place worldwide

to make capacitors more efficient. For the fast supply of electrical energy, SuperCaps are being used. A SuperCap combines the advantage of conventional capacitors as fast suppliers of electricity with that of batteries as notable energy reservoirs. These capacitors take advantage of the charge stored in the electrochemical double layer and provide extremely high capacities of more than 1000 Farads. Explains C Satish, managing director, Filcon Electronics Pvt Ltd, “SuperCap modules are developed as a replacement to conventional batteries in a large number of applications.

Their energy density is typically hundreds of times greater than conventional electrolytic capacitors. They also have a much higher power density than batteries or fuel cells.”

Harmonics flow to capacitors causes overloading and possibly even premature failure in the production line. There is also a risk of resonance with any of the harmonics present in the system. In such a case, it can damage not only the capacitor but also other equipment in the line. It is, therefore, important to provide properly designed harmonics filters after carrying out an analysis of proper harmonics with different load conditions, eliminating the possibility of resonance, checking transformer fault levels, impedances, etc. Thus, these filters block the harmonics and improve the power factor.

Moving ahead in innovation, Deki has been in the forefront of introducing new products into the Indian market. Informs a Bali, “Lighting being the main area of focus, Deki introduced its PES series and patented polyester self-healing (PSH) series. PES is a unique six film design, which helps to achieve better minimum breakdown with similar or smaller sized capacitors. PSH is yet another unique patented design that has an inductive construction with self-healing properties.”

A wide variety of materials with dielectric properties that enhance energy density, frequency response, equivalent series resistance (ESR), equivalent series inductance (ESL) and temperature range are registering huge growth. EIA Class 2 dielectrics are being used in various temperatures and tolerance ranges, allowing manufacturers to produce capacitors for particular purposes. Multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) are an excellent example of such passive components that have enjoyed robust growth, through the use of a wide variety of dielectric materials and by making improvements in device design. There are many engineered dielectric materials that have been used in MLCC devices, which allow an array of devices to be built to meet specific design requirements.

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R&D efforts are geared towards improving the electrical characteristics covering capacity density per unit volume, frequency response, DC bias voltage and loss coefficient.

Increasing the reliability of capacitors is also a priority, especially among suppliers targeting automotive and industrial applications that demand rigorous operating attributes both in the temperature range and in voltage.

Where does India stand?

Despite its shortcomings, the Indian capacitor market— unlike the world capacitor market—is expected to grow by 10 to 15 per cent, annually. Domestic manufacturing lags far behind demand, as a result of which India has to import almost 60-65 per cent of its requirements for capacitors from China, who is the world leader in capacitor manufacturing and a small quantity comes from Taiwan, Korea and Japan.

While the manufacturing sector in India needs a big fillip, it is important for manufacturers to follow the many new trends that have emerged in the global markets. India needs to attract more investment in this sector. “India needs to adopt a two-prong action plan—one is to increase R&D efforts to match international quality, and the second is to increase production volumes to meet the demand at lower prices,” shares S K Jain. Adding to this, C Satish feels, “For India to compete with the global players, it is essential that domestic manufacturers pay more attention to price and quality. This can only happen by automating production lines and moving ahead with volume production.”

A major concern in the recent past has been increasing input material costs coupled with increasing price levels. According to Vikram Desai, managing director, Desai Electronics Pvt Ltd, “Worldwide DC plastic films capacitor market is expected to be flat or may even shrink by 5 per cent over next 5 years, provided the world economy does not shrink further.

The demand for plastic film capacitors has now flattened out with deliveries matching the demand. The availability of raw material, especially metallised films, has improved with shortening of delivery times. There is a pressure to increase the prices, in light of the devaluation of the rupee.”

There has been an upward trend in the Indian prices due to low volume production and increased manufacturing input costs. Hence, major EMS companies in India are generally procuring capacitors from foreign suppliers through their Indian distributors. However, when it comes to quality, domestic companies are doing far better than various other leading countries. Adds A Bali, “Today, cheap film capacitors are flooding the country but the discerning purchaser knows that buying from a domestic player is a much better option,

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| October 2021 ||

even if the price is 10 to 15 per cent more as there is the assurance of quality, flexibility and service.”

India not only has the manufacturing capability but it also has global technology available within the country.

“But electronics manufacturers are not using the latest capacitors—the capacitor sizes being used in India were in vogue 10 years ago. Indian manufacturers are still commonly using capacitor sizes of 0603, 0805, etc, which are usually more costly. Local manufacturers should speed up the progress to MLCC usage downsizing into 0402 size or smaller,” informs Aloysius Ang. India’s power sector is growing at a healthy rate and with the increase in the megawatts of electricity generated capacitors play a very important role in improving power utilisation. It is well known that India’s transmission and distribution losses are very high. Indian manufacturers must invest in the latest technology to cut these losses and meet the rising demand for capacitors in the country.

What’s on offer in India?

Desai Electronics Pvt Ltd is among the leading manufacturers of plastic film capacitors. Its product range covers interference suppression—Class X2 with UL approval and Y2 capacitors, plain (inductive and non-inductive) and metallised (polyester and polypropylene) capacitors. Informs Vikram Desai, “Although the worldwide market for plastic film capacitors would remain flat, the sale of plastic film capacitors in India has increased owing to the demand from the lighting industry (CFL and LED).” The application areas for plastic film capacitors constitute lighting (CFL and ballast), fan regulators and dimmers, energy meters, automobiles, instrumentation, LED lamps and drivers, power electronics, telecom, etc.

Sumitron Exports Pvt Ltd, a major distributor of capacitors, is a supplier for NIC Components Corporation. NIC in association with Nippon Industries Co Ltd is a designer, manufacturer and worldwide supplier of passive components.

NIC offers 175 product series which include aluminium and tantalum E-caps, ceramic capacitors, DC film capacitors, thick and thin film resistive products and a growing line of power inductors, chip inductors and ferrite chip beads.

“As technological upgradation is happening on the high energy density front, with low ESR that remains stable over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies, we have to offer technologically advanced capacitors; we are able to do this through our principal, NIC,” adds SK Jain. Moving with the trend, Sumitron offers all types of technologically advanced ESR capacitors including film ||www.electricalmirror.net||

||www.electricalmirror.net||

|| October 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

47

C a p a c it o r s

Industry Focus

48

capacitors, tantalums, aluminium electrolytic capacitors, solid polymer aluminium electrolytic capacitors and multilayer ceramic chip capacitors.

Filcon Electronics Pvt. Ltd. is yet another key player in this segment. The company manufactures metallised polyester, metallised polypropylene and polypropylene film and foils capacitors of high stability and close tolerance. It also offers mixed dielectric capacitors for railway signalling and defence applications in round and box-type variants. “The capacitors manufactured by us have various applications including wave-traps and diesel locomotives. We have automatic lines for winding and testing; hence, our products meet international standards, with assured in-time delivery and competitive prices,” informs C Satish.

Deki Electronics Ltd, one of the largest manufacturers of DC plastic film capacitors, has been highly focused on developing new products and has filed a patent for one such product. Its wide range of capacitors include the Ultima range of safe fan regulator capacitors, mixed dielectric capacitor plain polypropylene and plain polyester film (PEP) capacitors for high stability and switching in CFL ballasts; polyester extra strength (PES) capacitors which give better minimum breakdown voltage in reduced sizes, and inductive self-healing capacitors.

With over 20 years’ experience, Power Palazzo Pvt Ltd has been supplying high quality active and passive components for the electronics and semiconductor industry. The company offers a complete range of superior quality electrolytic capacitors under the brand name Aishi to satisfy various customer needs by continually investing in R&D and manufacturing facilities.

Murata Electronics Singapore (Pte) Ltd, a subsidiary of Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd, Japan, one of the largest MLCC manufacturer in the world, offers wide range of capacitor line-up in both low and high voltage that include consumer grade and automotive grade MLCC. It also manufactures disc lead type capacitors, aluminium polymer capacitors and EDLC. Says Aloysium Ang, “Murata offers high capacitance value (above 1µF) capacitors from 4-50 V, which can be used at a maximum temperature of 85°C. The miniaturisation and large capacitance of these capacitors makes them ideal for the decoupling and smoothing applications of mobile devices.”

India making super capacitors for strategic use India has developed super capacitors using indigenous

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|| October 2021 ||

materials for strategic use in defence and space sectors as an import substitute and to overcome energy deficiencies in critical equipment, a senior official said.

"We have developed super capacitors of different voltage for specific use in defence and space equipment as they store more energy than ordinary capacitors and discharge faster than batteries," Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) director Arun Sachdeva told IANS here.

The state-run C-MET, under the department of electronics

||www.electricalmirror.net||

and information technology, (DeitY) has developed the super capacitors under a pilot project at its Thrissur laboratory in Kerala and given them for trials to state-run defence and space agencies in the country as a power source for diverse applications.

"Once we complete testing in trials and standardise them for strategic use, we will transfer the technology to the private sector for volume production under our supervision, as

|| October 2021 ||

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w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

||www.electricalmirror.net||

they can also be used for industrial and consumer needs," Sachdeva said at electronics’ summit here recently.

As super capacitors use electrostatic double-layer capacitance instead of the conventional solid dielectric of ordinary capacitors, they are used in applications that require rapid charge or discharge rather than long-term compact energy storage.

"Besides defence equipment like battle tanks, radar-mounted vehicles and artillery guns, super capacitors can be used in space applications like satellites and launchers, as energy supply is critical for their operations," Sachdeva asserted.

Super capacitors or ultra capacitors are also used in high-end cars, luxury buses, high-speed trains, heavy-lifting cranes and speedy elevators in tall skyscrapers as regenerative braking, short-term energy storage.

As an autonomous scientific society, C-MET is mandated to attain self-sufficiency in electronic materials, components and devices for catering to the country's strategic and industrial applications with indigenous resources.

"There is a huge market potential for super capacitors in the country as they can store 10-100 times more energy per unit than electrolytic capacitors and bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries, Sachdeva noted.

The centre, which has two more labs at Hyderabad in Telangana and Pune in Maharashtra, had invested around Rs.2 crore-Rs.5 crore ($295,000-$738,000) to set up the facility for developing super capacitors of different voltage per unit volume or mass.

"In the absence of a fab (fabrication plant) to make silicon wafers, we have to import them in the form of chips for making super capacitors, using graphene-based electrodes with raw materials like carbon aerogel," Sachdeva admitted.

As storage device with fast charging ability, superior low temperature performance, long service, cycle life and reliability, super capacitors have the potential to replace traditional batteries and capacitors in a wide range of electronic applications for defence, space, automotive and renewable energy.

According to a joint market study by the New Delhi-based Electronics Industries Association of India (Elcina) in partnership with the Mumbai-based multi-country market research firm IMRB, the super capacitor market worldwide is estimated to reach $8.3 billion by 2025, growing at 30 percent over the next 10 years.

49

C a p a c it o r s

Industry Focus

50

"Super capacitor technology has not yet been commercialised in India and is not yet common in use due to high costs initially and low-energy density. Only C-MET is working on indigenous production of carbon aerogel-based super capacitors," Elcina president Vikram Desai told IANS on the margins of 'Electronics India Week', a three-day summit held here last week.

When super capacitors are developed for use across industrial and consumer verticals and produced in volumes, they will become affordable by its makers and end-users spanning transportation, wind energy, solar energy, consumer electronics and strategic sectors like defence and space.

The total addressable market for super capacitors in India is 1.3 billion units by 2020. In defence applications, the market size is projected to be Rs.20 crore-Rs.50 crore over the next four years.

Tata Motors has been testing super capacitors for hybrid electrical vehicles, while three private firms - Spel and Chheda Electrical at Pune and Aartech Solonics at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh are involved in developing them in the private sector.

What’s on offer in India?

Desai Electronics Pvt Ltd is among the leading manufacturers of plastic film capacitors. Its product range covers interference suppression—Class X2 with UL approval and Y2 capacitors, plain (inductive and non-inductive) and metallised (polyester and polypropylene) capacitors. Informs Vikram Desai, “Although the worldwide market for plastic film capacitors would remain flat, the sale of plastic film capacitors in India has increased owing to the demand from the lighting industry (CFL and LED).” The application areas for plastic film capacitors constitute lighting (CFL and ballast), fan regulators and dimmers, energy meters, automobiles, instrumentation, LED lamps and drivers, power electronics, telecom, etc.

Sumitron Exports Pvt Ltd, a major distributor of capacitors, is a supplier for NIC Components Corporation. NIC in association with Nippon Industries Co Ltd is a designer, manufacturer and worldwide supplier of passive components.

NIC offers 175 product series which include aluminium and tantalum E-caps, ceramic capacitors, DC film capacitors, thick and thin film resistive products and a growing line of power inductors, chip inductors and ferrite chip beads.

“As technological upgradation is happening on the high energy density front, with low ESR that remains stable over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies, we have to offer technologically advanced capacitors; we are able to

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| October 2021 ||

do this through our principal, NIC,” adds SK Jain. Moving with the trend, Sumitron offers all types of technologically advanced ESR capacitors including film capacitors, tantalums, aluminium electrolytic capacitors, solid polymer aluminium electrolytic capacitors and multi-layer ceramic chip capacitors.

Filcon Electronics Pvt Ltd is yet another key player in this segment. The company manufactures metallised polyester, metallised polypropylene and polypropylene film and foils capacitors of high stability and close tolerance. It also offers mixed dielectric capacitors for railway signalling and defence applications in round and box-type variants. “The capacitors manufactured by us have various applications including wave-traps and diesel locomotives. We have automatic lines for winding and testing; hence, our products meet international standards, with assured in-time delivery and competitive prices,” informs C Satish.

Deki Electronics Ltd, one of the largest manufacturers of DC plastic film capacitors, has been highly focused on developing new products and has filed a patent for one such product. Its wide range of capacitors include the Ultima range of safe fan regulator capacitors, mixed dielectric capacitor plain polypropylene and plain polyester film (PEP) capacitors for high stability and switching in CFL ballasts; polyester extra strength (PES) capacitors which give better minimum breakdown voltage in reduced sizes, and inductive self-healing capacitors.

With over 20 years’ experience, Power Palazzo Pvt Ltd has been supplying high quality active and passive components for the electronics and semiconductor industry. The company offers a complete range of superior quality electrolytic capacitors under the brand name Aishi to satisfy various customer needs by continually investing in R&D and manufacturing facilities.

Murata Electronics Singapore (Pte) Ltd, a subsidiary of Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd, Japan, one of the largest MLCC manufacturer in the world, offers wide range of capacitor line-up in both low and high voltage that include consumer grade and automotive grade MLCC. It also manufactures disc lead type capacitors, aluminium polymer capacitors and EDLC. Says Aloysium Ang, “Murata offers high capacitance value (above 1µF) capacitors from 4-50 V, which can be used at a maximum temperature of 85°C. The miniaturisation and large capacitance of these capacitors makes them ideal for the decoupling and smoothing applications of mobile devices.” EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

3

||www.electricalmirror.net||

|| October 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

51

C

ase Study of the Month

Er. P.K.Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as General Manager, EHT (O&M) Circle Bhubaneswar - Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems.

Having 29 years of technical experience on various HT and EHT voltage level in the field of transmission sector. Specialization on the development technoeconomical design of protection control schemes for system development and planning. At present involved with various on-going projects on GIS, SAS and updated Remote SCADA control stations of OPTCL. Published 105 technical papers in National and International arena and is a regular contributor to the National journals like Electrical Mirror, Electrical India, CBIP journal and IEEMA journal and author of many technical books. Also Awarded in various arena on National level. He is also the coordinator of a Nationwide Power Engineers’ Technical Group named “SPARK- Ignited to share” consisting of Senior Electrical Engineers from different parts of the country. ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in 1. Introduction: For the last few months, the response of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronization of practical observation to the theoretical concepts.

The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station.

2.1. Tripping of SC line on 3 Phase fault: One of the 132KV SC Line (Single Circuit Line) tripped on 3 Phase fault with tripping on both 52

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| October 2021 ||

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd…. side breakers.

Observations:

1. This line was connected between TWO Grid Sub-Stations, connected with source at both side station.

2. Fault on the line caused the tripping of both end with tripping indications of being 3 Phase faults. a. Fault indication at one end IR= 1.098 Kamp, IY= 1.076Kamp IB= 0.998 Kamp IN= 39 Ampere. With fault distance being recorded as 54.1 Km b. Fault Indication at the other end IR= 5.198 Kamp, IY= 5.098Kamp IB= 5.005 Kamp IN= 113 Ampere. With fault distance being ||www.electricalmirror.net||

c.

3.

a.

b. c.

5.

6.

7.

Technical Analysis:

1. This was of Lightning Effect and fault of 3 phase had been resulted. The detail explanation is explained below.

2. When Lightening does strike to any transmission line/ TOWER, Say here Tower as example, then the LIGHTENING which are of high frequency current tries to dissipate to ground on the possible EARTH connected paths (Earth wires for adjacent towers, own tower structures through Tower footings).

3. The earth integration plays the important role and due to its EARTH RESISTANCE/IMPENDANCE the current quickly dissipates without resulting any "BACK FLASH" ( Refer ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Fig 2.1.1) 4. In case of IMPROPER EARTH INTEGRITY, this high current on passing through the earth conducting path results POTENTIAL RISE at different terminals (voltage = L dI/dt).

5. In simper understanding we can say if TFR (TOWER FOOTING RESISTANCE) is high then before this phenomenon of Potential RISE on TOWER STRUCTURE shall be developed.

6. Now this POTENTIAL value say on one of the cross arm (R phase) happened to be 400KV(Example), then Potential Difference across the insulator string shall be (Example 400 - 76 = 324 KV).

7. Now this PD of 324 KV is well above the BIL of that STRING and hence very immediately the surrounding AIR MEDIUM does puncture being ionized resulted with FLASHOVER. This flash over we call " BACK FLASH" because Flashing is occurring from EARTH structure to LIVE CONDUCTOR. 8. Please note during or till to the phenomenon of BACK FLASH event, our RELAY available at Station does not actuate. This phenomenon may long last for maximum few micro-second. "So during LIGHTENING TRANSMISSION LINES NEVER TRIPS" 9. After completion of this BACK FLASH incident, the potential on Tower structure becomes ZERO. 10. Just after BACKFKASH event, the surrounding air medium being in conducting ionized condition shall be resulting of FRONT FLASH due to potential difference being 76 KV= 132KV/ root3. ( Refer Fig 2.1.2) 11. This voltage is of power frequency Value for which current from supply point rushes to the earth point as in case here tower structures. This is the fault current passes through Protection elements like CT, PT/ CVTs and on reflection to the associated relays and as per voltage magnitude, trips mentioning distance and all other parameters.

12. In practice such phenomenon of BACK FLASH and then FRONT FLASH does occur usually to one phase or maximum to second phase simultaneously. But effect on all phases is rare.

13. Now in this SPECIAL SITUATION: The incident had been such, the LIGHTENING effect is of high magnitude and on the way of current dissipation, the total tower had been resulted with POTENTIAL above the BIL of all the insulator stacks. So SIMULTANEOUS BACK FLASH had occurred and just ending of Back flash event and again due to front FLASH, the fault had been resulted. || October 2021 ||

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w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

4.

recorded as 23.4 Km. The total distance of line being 75.6 Kms This was SC line with Triangular conductor configuration of R phase conductor on one side and Y and B phase on the other side. So, resulting of 3 phase faults were guessed as follows.

Falling of external conducting wires on all the three phase simultaneously, which seems to be difficult as tower top is provided with EARTH wire and conductors are in triangular with on both side of the tower.

Wild fire could be the other cause of tripping. But this possibility never occurs with all three phases simultaneous.

Kite wire, farmer bird fastening wires, bird fault, tree touching etc.. could also the other cause of such fault.

All the causes as described against point no 3 got overruled as this was even test charged after one minutes and charged successfully and loaded with required load causing the power flow from one station to the other.

So, the fault is of TRANSIENT FAULT and vanished after certain time.

The reason of being LIGTNING EFFECT was confirmed as it was resulting with thunderstorm and lightning during the period of fault occurrence.

But 3 Phase Lightning Fault was not getting convinced as the conductors were displaced in triangular shape on available on both side of the tower.

53

C As e Stud y of the month

Case Study

The currents as per the source effect had been shared with one end being 1 Kamp and other being 5 Kamp with distance measurement being 54 Km and 23 Km respectively.

14. After one minute, all have subsided maintaining of Normal condition. So recharging and current drawl becomes normal as if nothing had happened.

Conclusion:

So for SC line TRINGULAR CONFIGURED conductors if such peculiar phenomenon does occur then cause could be " LIGHTENING EFFECT".

Recommendations:

The TOWER FOOTING RESISTANCE (TFR) should be maintained as low as possible to quick dissipation of lightning current.

2.2. Charging of 33Kv feeders on LOW IR value: One of the newly installed 33Kv feeder was planned for energization.

Actions Taken:

1. Statutory inspections were done regarding the installations, used instruments and electrical equipment in the system.

2. The protection schemes were checked and coordinated as per protection philosophy.

3. Pre-commissioning tests for all the equipment in the system were checked and all found in order.

4. The control circuits were also checked and found in order.

5. The testing/checking of the line on the day of charging was planned to be done.

6. Interesting observations were found on the megger value of the feeder just prior charging of the line.

7. The IR values were found very minimum with some Kohm against the values to come in Mohm or GOhm. (Refer Table 2.2.1) Table no 2.2.1 IR value of the 33KV LIne

SL NO

phase

1

R-PhaseGround

2 3

voltage range

Y-PhaseGround B-PhaseGround

Voltage withstood

leakage current

Insulation resistance value

Time duration

5KV

5KV

100ma

100 kohm

0 min

5KV

5KV

13 ma

400 kohm

5 min

5KV

5KV

34 ma

155 kohm

0 min

5KV

5KV

17.9 ma

260 kohm

5 min

5KV

5KV

42 ma

105 kohm

0 min

5KV

5KV

27 ma

185 kohm

5 min

Analysis of the Test Result:

1. On inquiry to the field team, that the line was connected with polymer insulator and few are of PIN type porcelain insulator.

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2. The climatic condition was of cloudy and rain had been resulted before days.

3. The meggering had been taken during that cloudy day, though rain had stopped completely and day was with morning sun at around 9.30 AM. 4. The reason of obtaining the LOW IR value is due to the measurement of 15 KM overhead line during the morning time without allowing sufficient time for drying the line.

The charging of the line was committed at around 10 AM, due to energization of the important area.

5. The decision was taken from the concept of the following a. Constant application of applied voltage of 5KV DC b. No fluctuation of this applied voltage of 5 KV c. The IR value in RISING TREND, indicating that the line does not have objectionable earth leakage path.

6. So, considering the values in rising point, allowed for charging.

7. The line was charged successfully and loaded accordingly as per load requirement.

Recommendations:

For IR measurement of Transmission line especially voltage upto 33 kV, the Voltage application and maintaining with constant value with IR value being RISING trend for few minutes irrespective of IR value, the decision of charging could be taken.

2.3. Abnormal Tan Delta Value of new AUTO TRANSFORMER: One of the new AUTO TRANSFORMER of rating 160 MVA, 220/132KV after release from the factory and after receipt at site, the TANDELTA VALUE as obtained were of very abnormal.

Observations

1. On receipt of the AUTO TRANSFORMER, assembly was done at site.

2. The oil filtration and other commissioning works were also done.

3. The LV tests like Voltage ratio, magnetic Balance, Excitation current and Loading stability tests were done and found in order.

4. The winding resistance, Turn’s ratio tests etc.. were also done at site and results were found in order.

5. But while doing TAN-DELTA TESTS, the results became irregular and abnormal.

6. So, suspecting problems in the testing kit, other test kits were brought for comparison of the test results and found with similar kind of irregular and abnormal value.

7. The results obtained by different kits are shown in the table no 2.3.1 below. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Table 2.3.1 Measurement by KIT1 Connections

CH+CHL CH

Mode

GND

KV applications

mAmpere

10 KV

40.78

GAR

19.88

Watt Loss

Tan Delta

Capacitance

2.163

0.533

13031

13.01

6.582

In pF

6334

CHL

UST

20.86

-8.933

-4.276

7335

CL+CHL

GND

69.40

27.56

3.985

22124

CL

GAR

48.96

27.61

5.685

15570

Table 2.3.2 Measurement by KIT2 Connections

Mode

KV applications

mAmpere

Watt Loss

Tan Delta

Capacitance

10 KV

35.56

1.963

0.788

13038

In pF

CH+CHL

GND

CH

GAR

24.56

23.01

7.582

6434

CHL

UST

20.83

-9.933

-5.276

7235

CL+CHL

GND

59.41

27.56

3.986

22129

CL

GAR

42.96

23.71

7.685

15670

8. The results as obtained conclude about some issue in the transformer, not in the KITs. 9. But some problems in the transformers are not being accepted as no other test results are supporting to this TAN DELTA abnormal value.

10. So experts were referred about such abnormality.

11. On visit the site and in the presence of experts and engineers from OEM, the test results were also taken for the TAN DELTA KIT. This time also the results were obtained of similar value as before.

12. This time it was suspected on the earthing of the transformers and especially on the CORE-BODY-YOKE connections.

13. The commissioning team was asked to produce the CORE-BODY-YOKE IR measurement value that has been taken during pre-installation condition.

14. The team explained that this value had not been taken during installation time.

15. The same has not even been asked by the testing team or the OEM requirement.

16. Now, the TOP COVER BOX was opened for the access of this LINK connection between CORE-BODY-YOKE. 17. It was found with looseness of the all the links on this box.

18. The required links were tightened properly and then the tandelta measurement was taken and found with the following results as mentioned in table 2.3.3. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Table 2.3.3 Measurement after tightening of the CORE-BODY-YOKE connections Connections

Mode

KV applications

mAmpere

Watt Loss

Tan Delta

Capacitance

CH+CHL

GND

10 KV

41.06

1.188

0.290

13080

In pF

CH

GAR

20.95

0.788

0.372

6674

CHL

UST

20.12

0.416

0.207

6411

CL+CHL

GND

70.89

2.399

0.340

22661

CL

GAR

51.03

1.961

0.384

16251

Analysis of the results

1. Due to looseness of the links between the CORE-BODY-YOKE, during the application of the HV AC supply of 10 KV to the specimen, it was found with contribution of Earthing for the measurement got changed.

2. The mode selected as GAR, GND and UST are not being properly maintained during the testing methods, so results as supposed to be obtained in the TAN Delta value are not normal as obtained before the measurement practices.

3. But after tightening the required modes got satisfied of producing the correct value as obtained in table 2.3.3.

Recommendations:

This is always recommended for keeping practice for measurement of CORE-BODY-YOKE, IR value before taking any installation of Transformer at site. The value should be above minimum of 25 Mohm. This value changes and kept as reference for different type of manufacturers EM

|| October 2021 ||

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55

Mr. Vivek Yadav Senior Vice President

Havells India

56

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Havells India Limited is a leading Fast Moving Electrical Goods (FMEG) Company and a major power distribution equipment manufacturer with a strong global presence. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. What are the factors that spurred the conception of

Havells in the Home Automation sector? How has the journey been so far?

Q. How do you envision the smart home of the future?

In other words, how do you foresee daily domestic life, in terms of technology?

Due to advancements in AI and IoT ecosystem, appliances and devices are able to mimic daily routines. And this is just the beginning. Smart home automation is not a vision or a fantasy, it is the new reality. From opening one’s curtain in the morning to adjusting the lighting of the room according to one’s mood, smart homes are becoming an integral part of our daily lives. Giving us the ability to monitor what goes on in the house with our phone/ Ipad or laptop. According to a Statista report, the Indian smart home market is expected to be around $6 billion by 2022, a two-fold increase from $3 billion estimated in 2020. Globally, this number is expected to reach $53.45 billion by 2022. It is imperative to note that India’s smart home market is poised to grow. The younger demographic and aspirational context, coupled with affordable prices are furthering the concept of smart homes in India.

Q. What are the offerings and services Havells provides in the home automation and IoT arena?

The Havells IoT ecosystem is a “technology stack” comprising of multiple layers including product hardware, embedded software, connectivity software, product cloud, AI/ML applications, mobile application, a suite of security tools, and integration with business systems. Our Crabtree range includes wired and wireless

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. How Havells is helping the customers in understanding

the concept of home automation and the need of home automation?

Automation till few years ago, was hailed as the domain of the uber rich, but not anymore. With rapid strides in wireless home automation solutions, we at Havells have developed one of the largest product portfolios of automation products in India that cater to the needs of every kind of homeowner.

Our solutions range from ready to use out of the box smart products for simple automation to wireless retrofit automation that does not require any electrical or structural changes, and smart modular wireless with premium aesthetics for scalable, retrofit solutions for both new and old structures. We at Havells under our brand Crabtree range offer wireless Home Automation platform that is designed to easily retrofit into existing homes and new homes. The wireless home automation solutions can be fitted into any pre-existing home.

Customer awareness is no more a bigger challenge since adoption of automated products is increasing since the consumers of today are more aware of their choices and wants to make their daily routines hassle free in the work from home era. To help our consumers we have recently launched Havells home advisor, a digital platform for consumers to seek information, experience the latest trends and get personalized solutions customized to meet consumer needs. Home Advisor is the latest offering by the House of Havells that has hand-picked trained experts to address consumer queries, provide additional information about its products and give customised recommendations basis their requirements on home solutions.

w w w. h a v e l l s . c o m

Havells has been consistently working to bring Home Automation and Smart Homes into the mainstream Indian market and have been driving adoption across different market segments by launching products that suit diverse applications from a large Villa to commercial applications to products meant for smaller apartments and retrofit applications.

One of the strong propositions of Havells is lighting and lighting automation controls. For instance, sensor-based lighting controls for office and warehousing application which offers very low cost energy efficiency solutions and are seeing very high adoption in recent months.

The Journey so far has been interesting with a lot of learnings. Havells is consistently investing on development of IOT technologies in house with its own cloud for better privacy & security. Simultaneously investing in the competency development of its people along with building customer awareness & demand for Smart products in India.

home automation platform which is designed to easily retrofit into existing homes and new homes as well. The wireless home automation solutions can be fitted into any pre-existing home.

Under our Crabtree portfolio we have introduced a range of smart accessories such as smart sockets, sensors, video door phones etc. designed to offer low-cost automation for comfort and convenience with an eye on big energy savings for use in both residential and commercial arrangement.

Q. Why there is a need to invest in automation equipment?

Smart home technology generally refers to any suite of devices, appliances, or systems that connect into a common network that can be independently and remotely controlled. When your home technology works together in one system, it can also be referred more loosely as a “connected home”. For example, your home's AC, lights, audio speakers, TVs, security cameras, locks, appliances, and more are all connected into a common system, which can be controlled from your smart phone or Tablet. || October 2021 ||

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Interview

Smart home automation allows you to tap into high-tech functionality and luxury that wasn’t possible in the past. As technology development continues to expand, so will the possibilities for consumer home automation to make life easier and more enjoyable.

There are some amazing (and indisputably) practical advantages to home automation. Sharing below 1. Managing all of your home devices from one place.

2. Maximizing home security.

3. Remote control of home functions.

4. Increased energy efficiency.

5. Improved appliance functionality.

6. Home management insights.

7. Future proofing your home

Interview

Q. Why is Havells Smart Switch Board better than

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traditional ones? What are the features and functionalities that it furnishes?

Havells retrofit modular smart switch Home automation system designed for both new and existing homes. It offers a complete range which fits in the existing Switch box. To adopt this system for your home all that is required is: a) Replace the existing face plates with premium finish Crabtree Amare face plate b) Replace your old manual switch with Smart H switch.

This is one of its kind modular glass finish touch switches which offer premium aesthetics and change the décor of your home. This solution offers automation for all commonly used applications in the home like switching, dimming, controls for curtains, fans & appliances and much more.

This solution is designed for India keeping in mind the Indian

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lifestyle & Indian homes. This can be easily installed in places with low internet penetration as it has capabilities to work without Internet via built in RF technology through which this system can operate via Smart remote controls.

This solution offers multiple ways of operation and can be easily operated by anyone across multiple generations of people living in Indian homes. This system can be operated through: a) As normal touch switches b) Through mobile / Tab applications over IOS / Android c) Through a RF programmable Smart Remote controller with scene controls d) Through all leading voice assistants like Alexa / Google assist This entire Solution is complemented with a range of premium accessories like Smart Socket, PIR Sensors, Free locate Switch and a range of Crabtree Glossy black Switches, sockets, blanks & USB charger to create a complete system which is a blend of beauty & intelligence.

Q. How is Havells as a company fairing in the home automation industry market?

Havells has been in this space for the past few years now and have a good understanding of the home automation industry.

Over the years Havells has acquired immense experience and technology to compete with the best and has emerged as one of the leading brands in both wired and wireless solutions with a wide- spread acceptance.

Havells has successfully executed some very prestigious projects in diverse market segments ranging from multi apartment residential projects for real estate developers to HNI Villas, commercial office spaces to industrial applications. Havells sees this market has a high growth opportunity waiting to be exploded in the Indian market. EM

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Automation

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Automation provides tools that help in optimizing network design and performance The growth of a Country depends upon the certain basic pillar of infrastructure and one of such basic infrastructures is availability of quality and reliable power in the country. The country needs 24x7 uninterrupted power supplies to all the consumers along with transparency in the operation of sector and consumer participation. Power system automation included monitoring, evaluation, analysis, and control of processes associated with generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy from power stations to customers. Three main processes are included namely data acquisition, power system supervision and control, all working in a coordinated automatic fashion. Data acquisition refers to collect data in the form of measured analog current or voltages values or the status of devices (open or closed). Power system supervision is carried out through the acquired data either at a remote site or locally at the device site. Control refers to sending command messages to operate power system devices such as circuit breakers.

Automation plays a major role in the success of effective decision making at the utility level. Real Integration of automation

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not only helps to fulfil that promise, but enhances the opportunities to add more value and effectiveness to the energy value chain and also paves the way for moving forward towards the “SMARTER GRID”.Technological advancements and innovations driven by rapid electrification of segments like transport, expansion of renewable and digitalization of the grid are transforming the power sector. With decentralization, de-carbonisation and deregulation, the entire business model of utilities is evolving rapidly and state-of-art technologies are making those changes possible that were beyond the imagination a few years back. These technologies are gradually making inroads in the Indian power sector as well.The requirement for making coal fired stations intelligent arises from the bead for highly efficient plant operation and asset management on one hand and wide scale penetration of renewable energy into the grid which results in rapid cycling of the thermal plants, on the other hand.

It is expected that several operational challenges will arise due to this interconnection and additionally due to the sustained increase in the generation

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coming from renewable energy, contributing at present more than 20% of the produced energy. Traditionally the main issues related with the operation of an electric system have been those concerned with the control of the frequency and voltage for reaching stability of these variables. Power generation plants have systems that control the injected active and reactive power to the network. However, the growth of this electrical system is leading to more requirements in data acquisition, data processing and control systems. Automation in the management of renewable energies is required considering that due to the variability in the available power, they introduce new uncertainties and parameters’ variations into the power grid, so that automation systems are required to connect these generation systems to the network and inject the corresponding energy in a coordinated way.

India’s power transmission segment is also growing at an unprecedented pace mainly due to the thrust provided by the recent policy and regulatory development as well as the government’s initiatives. The pace of expansion is expected to continue in the future to help meet the government’s 175 GW renewable energy power. While most of the future investment will be for the expansion of physical grid infrastructure, utilities are expected to invest significant sums in new technologies to make grids more reliable, resilient, secure and smart.

In the power sector, automation will help in monitoring and predictive maintenance of a wide variety of assets in its value chain. The equipment’s are monitored continuously and the collected data is passed on to cloud. On the basis of the collected data, a conclusion can be drawn on the health and impending failure of the assets by using Artificial Intelligence, and determine the optimal time to perform maintenance.

The proactive predictive nature will enable the utilities to schedule the maintenance in advance and also avoid major shut downs and down time. That also means considerable savings in time and cost.

Need of Automation in Power Sector Power generated at voltage levels of 11to 33KV, has to be stepped up to high/extra-high voltagesand then again reduced instages to lowest distribution voltage level of240/415 volts. For maintaining these voltage levels and forproviding stability, a number of transformationand switching stations have to be created inbetween generating station and consumer ends. These grid sub-stations are requiredto be developed to achieve reduction in systemmalfunctions as well as reduction in themeantime to repair. Consequently, human interference and outage times also need to be reduced leading to a significant decreasein the energy losses.

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The electricity grid has grown and changedimmensely since its origins, when energy systemswere small and localized. With the passing oftime, rising electricity consumption, new powerplants and increasingly decentralised generation (DG) of electricity from renewable energiesrequire grid expansion. However, simplyexpanding the grid, as it is constructed now would be highly inefficient. The wildly fluctuatingpower feed-in from renewable energies (solar, wind) into the entire power grid occasionallyleads to unforeseeable power flows, which canaffect grid stability. Furthermore, theliberalisation of the electricity market in Indiahas led to an increase in electricity trading.

Short-term trading activities and the associatedtransmission of electricity over long distancesrepresent an additional challenge for the grid.

Due to numerous small-scalegenerating plants, upsurge in dependencyon electricity and increasing demand ofelectricity, power system has become intricateand is becoming complex day by day. Limitationsof space for electrical installations, rights of wayconstraints for new line routes, environmentalconcerns; all demand newer and more advancedalternatives to more effectively manages thepower supply system. Due to the nature of the changes, the grid needsto be partially reinvented and automated. Gridintelligence and communication is required forgrid operation to meet the requirements of thetransforming energy sector. Nevertheless, datameasurements from various places and variouslevels in the grid are necessary to enable theutilities to monitor everything that happens on areal time basis (or to start with, on a daily, hourlyor quarterly basis).

The utilities then can takeactions more accurately, effectively and swiftly,improving the energy services.

Digital devices are at the core of smart power distribution.

They give facility and maintenance personnel visibility into the electrical network by measuring and collecting data, as well as providing control functions. Smart meters, intelligent electronic devices, IoT sensors, and control and automation software are critical components of digital solutions. Intelligent substations and smart transformers that can be controlled in real time are key emerging digital solutions. These solutions deploy intelligent switchgear, which can connect with the internet and provide comprehensive monitoring and protection as well as measure all electrical parameters in real time to ensure remote monitoring.

Operations and maintenance teams need to respond to risks as quickly as possible to avoid the possibility of facility downtime or damage to equipment. Intelligent devices and digitization deliver the data and alarm notifications they need to stay on top of conditions, as well as remote control capabilities ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Automation in Generation: Automation is a key emerging trend in the power sector that is picking up pace in a big way. Digital technologies allow devices across the grid to communicate and provide useful data for the management and operation of generation, transmission and distribution systems. Smart meters, internet of things (IoT) based sensors, network remote control and automation systems, and digital platforms help in real-time operation of the network and its connected resources. Power plant operation involving intelligencefeatures through IT applications involvesautomation of manual operations, control ofsystems, data acquisition and logging ofinformation to fulfil requirements of versatility,user friendliness and cost competitive.

A supervisory and control system that aims to deliver not only operability, reliability and maintainability, but also cost-effectiveness, while at the same time enabling labour savings in operation and maintenance. The new system has been applied to a state-of-the-art coal based thermal power station and combined-cycle power station. Through enhanced interlock, expanded automation, on-site supervisory robots and other technological innovations, the system has enabled integrated operation from the central control room and labour savings. In addition, implementation of protective functions by printed circuit board, software configured alarm system and common sensor system, the system is not only highly reliable and easy to maintain, but also economical. On-site start up operations and commercial operations results has confirmed ||www.electricalmirror.net||

the effectiveness of these features. SCADA is a centralized system used to supervise a complete plant and basically consists of data accessing features and controlling processes remotely. It will help to improve the overall performance and efficiency of power station and enhance useful life.

In the generation segment, automation is mainly carried out for improving power plant efficiency, reducing operations and maintenance costs, lowering unplanned outages and extending the operational life of assets. While generation utilities have been deploying control and monitoring systems, network communication, etc., for the past few years, new digital technologies such as IoT, cloud-based platforms, advanced analysis, predictive data analysis, asset performance management software and intelligent forecasting solutions are gradually growing in the segment. Also, with the growth of digital technologies in the generation segment, the complete remote operation of power plant has become a reality.

Automation in Transmission: Digitalisation and automation solutions have been steadily growing in the transmission segment too. In recent years, substation automation has emerged as a key growing technology among transmission utilities. In Transmission segment, there is continuous advancement of transmission equipments with the application of digitlization and automation and make it suitable for smart grid operation and that is more compact, reliable, environment friendly and requires minimum installation and commissioning time. Moreover, as the pace of renewable energy integration increases and there is widespread adoption of smart grid technologies, utilities would be required to increase the deployment of intelligent equipments or to undertake modifications to transform the existing modules into smart equipments as the availability of real-time data is critical in the context of both developments.

In times to come, space challenges in transmission are also bound to get more acute. Hence, going ahead, equipment manufacturers need to undertake innovations and more towards smaller but smarter equipments. As a result, there is a need for more sophisticated operation and control to keep pace with the increase in supervisory and operational control in the segment of power generation, transmission, distribution.

Power Grid has emerged as a leader in technology adoption in substation automation, with state utilities following suit.

Powergrid is undertaking remote operation of several sub-stations from its National Transmission Asset Management Centre in Manesar, Haryana, which was commissioned in April’ 2015. Powergrid is also implementing the wide area measurement system technology across India under its flagship || October 2021 ||

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to help them act faster when a potential problem arises.

In addition, monitoring environmental conditions can help predict operating performance and, in turn, better optimize maintenance schedules and extend the lifespan of the power distribution equipment.

Rapid network expansion has rendered the management of grid operations much more complex. In the future, electric power systems will be characterised by bidirectional flows as the world adopts more renewable sources of energy and microgrid or nanogrid models. In such a scenario, automation of substations has gained significance because utilities want to be able to remotely monitor, operate and control their assets to improve system stability, efficiency, security and control. Substation automation involves the integration of the protection, control and data acquisition functions into a minimum number of platforms by eliminating redundant equipment and databases, thereby reducing capital and operational costs, and panel and control room space requirements.

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Unified Real Time Dynamic State Measurement project. Digital substations, centred on the IEC 61850 protocol, are the next step in substation modernization. Digital sub-stations comprise smart primary devices and intelligent electronic devices to achieve information sharing and interoperability. Powergrid has implemented pilot digital substation projects at Bhiwandi and Neemrana. Based on the experience from these pilots, the company plans to launch similar new projects.

Other emerging technologies include Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), which incorporate power electronics based static controller to enhance control and power transferability of the system. Powergrid is installing FACTS devices such as static VAR compensators (SVCs) and static synchronous condensers (STATCOMs) in the interstate transmission system grid. It has already commissioned one SVC in Jammu & Kashmir and four STATCOMs. Further, 11 STATCOMs are at various stages of implementation.

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Automation and digitization helps discoms in the judicious utilization of funds. There are certain spare capacities in the distribution network and maintaining these entails additional expenses, which are eventually passed on to consumers.

Digitalisation provides tools that help in managing these spare capacities by optimizing network design and performance.

Further, through digitization, thefts can be pinpointed accurately, thereby assisting the discom in controlling electricity losses due to theft.

One of there as on for high AT&C losses of discom has been the low level of billing and collection efficiency, which translate into lower revenues and thus broader loss margins.

Low collection efficiency can be attributed to limited collection facilities, delayed delivery of bills, limited payment avenues and lack of trained manpower etc. Factors such as defective meters, unmetered connections, rampant electricity theft, overload transformers and inaccuracies in billing software contribute to the low billing efficiency of discoms. To mitigate these issues, the discoms have been encouraging digital ||www.electricalmirror.net||

payments such by launching mobile applications or web portal for billing purpose.

Utilities have taken several efforts on the digitization of metering front in order to mitigate the problems of high AT&C losses and power theft. A range of electronic and digital meters are being deployed by utilities to replace old manual meters. Further, the utilities are installing smart meters to identify and reduce instances of energy theft more efficiently.

The growth of net metering policies across states has given an opportunity to consumers to become prosumers by feeding electricity generated from roof top solar photovoltaic panels installed on their premises back to the grid. With this, the distribution grid has become more active as power is flowing in both directions and utilities need technologies to monitor and manage the flow of electricity in real time. In addition, advanced load forecasting technologies are required to deal with the changing load profile as customers become less dependent on central generation to meet their electricity demand. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Smart Grid Technology A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficient resources. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid. To ensure a seamless transition from existing approach to Smart Grid scenario, focus of any utility must be structured around four key priorities. These are Empower Customers to better manage and control their electricity use, Improve Reliability, Maintain Privacy and Security and Support Renewable integration and economic development. The government has taken a number of steps towards making the grid smarter. In the distribution segment, technology initiatives are being taken under the ministry of power approved pilot projects as well as National Smart Grid Mission. The functionalities being tested in these pilots include advanced metering infrastructure, outage management system, peak load management, power quality management and distributed generation.

In order to address the above-mentioned priorities, Smart Grid technologies need to be implemented in conjunction with the existing application/technology. Smart grid generally refers to a class of technology that is being considered to bring paradigm shift in power distribution utility’s performance.

The Smart Grid represents an unprecedented opportunity to move the energy industry into a new era of reliability, availability, and efficiency that will contribute to economic and environmental health. The benefits associated with the Smart Grid are more efficient transmission of electricity, quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances, reduced operations and management costs for utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for consumers, reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates, increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems and Improved security Intelligent Automation In Substation Automation System, the various quantities (e.g., voltage,current, switch status, temperature, and oil level)of various equipment are recorded, using a dataacquisition device called Intelligence ElectronicDevices (IED). IED can establish communicationbetween remote sensors and controllers and thecommunications network. Asingle IED can control several different aspects of a pieceof equipment so that the entire piece ofequipment works in harmony with the rest of theneeds of the system and within establisheddesign parameters.

Automation is based on the principle of converting all inputs || October 2021 ||

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and outputs into digital forms. The automation system can be designed anddeveloped using information technology/ embedded systems and integrating the sameinto the existing grid substation.Components such as computers, Remote TerminalUnits (RTUs), actuator control of motorizedvalves, breakers, switched capacitor banks,on-load tap changing transformers, load break/make switches, auto re-closures, sectionalizes, and communication systems can be integratedinto the automation system. Integration withAutomated Mapping and Geographical Information System (GIS) Software packages iswidely used at present.

IEDs receive datafrom sensors and power equipment, and canissue control commands, such as tripping circuitbreakers if they sense voltage, current, orfrequency anomalies, or raise/ lower voltagelevels in order to maintain the desired level.

These systemquantities are transmitted on-line to the remotecontrol room through a variety of communicationmedia. The measured field data are processed inthe control room for display of any operatorselected system quantity through Graphic UserInterface. Any control action (for opening orclosing of the switch or circuit breaker) is initiatedby the operator and transmitted from the remote-control room through the communication channelto the RTU associated with the correspondingswitch or circuit breaker. The desired switchingaction then takes place and the action isacknowledged back to operator for information. Substation Automation is dedicated to the monitoring andprotection of the critical equipment of asubstation and its associated lines or feeders andalso generates MIS data, reports and graphs etcfrom remote control centre.

redundant equipment and database by minimising human intervention. A unified control system in an automated substation includes control of substation systems from one place, comprehensive protection management, compact system designs, decentralized system structure, no conventional mimic board, numerical protection and control, self-interlocking and supervision, modern man-machine interface, operator guidance and maintenance support. Substation automation also refers to using data from intelligent electronic devices control &automation capabilities within the substation and control commands from remote users to control power system devices.Substation automation makes a smarter and morereliable power grid.

There are many other benefits associated with an automated substation. These include less use of hardware and panels, reduced operating & maintenance cost, minimum outages, integration of third-party equipment, lower cabling and installation costs, reduced testing and commissioning costs, less space and civil works requirement, easy customization and use, operational efficiency with minimum errors, lower risk, and better power quality.

Challenges: Developed countries have already automatedtheir complete power supply system and theirgrids are remotely controlled.

Key Benefits of Automation Automation provides tools that help in optimizing network design and performance. Further, through automation, thefts can be pinpointed accurately, thereby assisting the utilities in controlling losses due to theft. Automation and digitalization also extend to associated services as well these include inventory management, asset management, maintenance strategies and monitoring of asset health. The implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions has helped in effectively managing its inventory with better measurement and control of the inventory. It provides significant information about various consumer parameters to the utility which could be used to provide other services.

Substation automation involves the integration of operationsrelated activities like system protection, control and data acquisition into a unified control system. The objective of automating substations is to reduce overall costs and eliminate

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On the other hand,even after having edge in IT skill, India is waybehind in automation. What to talk of existinggrid network automation, even the new grids (especially, by states) are being constructed withold and outdated technology without anyintervention of automation. Centre Government’sinitiative of providing funds for automation &improvement under schemes are eitherunutilized or are invested haphazardly in IT thatresulted in issues such as:

These issues have adversely affected thereturns from IT investments. Incoherenttechnology strategy leads to situations whereincompatible options are selected and large sumsof money are wasted in attempts to integratethem.

The bottom line is that the businessperformance has not improved. Evidently, fundamental changes are requiredin the Conclusion: working of the power sector entities.Information Technology It is very crucial to overcome the present challenges (IT) would become thekey enabler in the initiatives under and move towards smarter utilities showcasing the best performance in terms of reliability and accountability. In order to ensure seamless technological transformation of the power sector, policymakers need to redefine existing regulatory frameworks and explore new business models.

A plan for the deployment of infrastructure, in line with the needs of the future power systems, needs to be drafted and implemented. Besides, challenges of cyberattacks and information theft need to be taken care by the utilities. In the present digital age, across to data and managing that data through advanced technologies will derive the growth of power utilities across the generation, transmission and distribution segments.

The automation provides an opportunity to utilities to enhance their operational efficiency and undertake network planning. Therefore, utilities are implementing automation and grid modernization initiatives with great vigor. The power utilities have been making concerned efforts to improve automation, there is scope for further improvement. This would eliminate the need for human interface in consumer facing. The need for huge investments in automation is hampering the implementation of such solutions. Utilities need to play a proactive role in defining their automation requirements and selecting the right technology or solution. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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• Stand-alone systems-Coverage to limited geographical areas • Inadequate interface and integration withother applications • Absence of a standard architecture • High cost of maintenance • Basic operations are still manual withoutinbuilt controls

the reformprocess initiated by Government of India. Thiswill enable substantial improvement in theoverall health of the utilities.

Cyber security is also one of the key threats of automation and digitization. Apart from this, ensuring consumer privacy is extremely important. Consumer data needs to be protected not only from economic point of view, but also from the security point of view. A household’s electricity consumption data can be used to determine how many people are living in the house at a particular point of time. If this data become publicly available, it can pose a serious security risk to the consumer.

Another critical issue with the automation is the inability to efficiently extract the required information from the system, owing to the large quantity of data originating from IEDs. Different devices store data in different formats, such as waveform samples or event reports, which are not easy to compare. Communication networks comprise lowerlevel data links, as well as physical layer and multiple application layer protocols.

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UPS & Batteries

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The Indian UPS Market is dominated by a number of players The firm same it had been provision UPS systems - a tool that gives battery backup once the power fails or drops with lithium-ion battery to power the net Protocol CCTVcameras that were being put in across the state as a part of a government programme for increased safety.

This project needs a 24-hour operation of the cameras put in on poles in key areas across the state that wants an assured power offer. Diplomatist Neowatt was additionally provision high power threephase UPS for command management centres (CCC) all told the districts of province for this project.

Sriram Ramakrishnan, chief military officer and administrator, diplomatist Neowatt said: “Our client came to North American country with the demanding demand of an extended life and maintenance-free UPS answer for outside setting to power the CCTV cameras, that area unit contact length and breadth of province.”

All the UPS provided for this project area unit web of things prepared and would be monitored at the district three hundred at the side of the video feed from the informatics CCTV cameras to make sure uninterrupted operations of the cloud-based closed-circuit television, the firm same.

The company same that the choice to travel with lithium-ion batteries rather than the traditional lead acid batteries was taken keeping in mind the lifetime of the battery in high heat condition and additionally as a result of the lithium-ion battery had a lower weight and smaller footprint compared to steer acid batteries.

If one is getting to purchase a brand new electrical converter battery and is confused regarding the way to choose the most effective electrical converter battery in India, then this is often the proper article to achieve information regarding the choice of an honest electrical converter battery. One doesn’t have to be compelled to be nonplussed any longer regarding the sizes and kinds of electrical converter battery on the market.

“The in-house R&D team at diplomatist Neowatt evaluated and selected a lithium-ion battery technology, which might face up to higher close temperatures and has 5 times a lot of cyclic life than valve-regulated lead acid batteries,” Ramakrishnan side.

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A thorough analysis has been exhausted order to guide the shoppers for getting the most effective electrical converter battery.

It’s forever a tough task to organize a

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UP S & B a t t e r ie s

Industry Feature

prime list, anyways; an inventory has been ready for the sake of shopper’s Indian agency area unit in a very hurry to shop for the most effective battery for electrical converter like a shot, with no time to analysis on shopping for an applicable battery.

Though it should appear a straightforward task to put in writing this text, it's quite herculean task.

In modern-day life, inverters area unit established to be essential as we have a tendency to need electricity daily for varied functions.

An electrical converter is useful to store the electricity and provide it once there’s no power on the market. Within the absence of electricity, inverters play a significant role. The other activity of a rectifier is performed by the electrical converter. Inverters were necessary before too. However they need gained a lot of importance currently thanks to the load shedding downside that is increasing day by day.

Providing backup power within the absence of electricity is their main task. The battery provides power to the electrical converter and therefore the electrical converter provides it to the electrical appliances whenever necessary. Thus, it's an awfully handy aid to the appliance. Varied varieties of electrical converters area unit on the market nowadays and other people purchase an inverter just in case of load shedding issues. Once there's no offer of electricity, everything involves a standstill during this present time. Hence, installation of an electrical converter generator is often helpful.

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An electrical converter is capable of running all devices within the absence of power offer. Electric battery provides power to the electrical converter. Whereas shopping for an electrical converter for home, forever choose the most effective home electrical converter. There’s a requirement to charge the battery because the electrical converter obtains its power from the battery. The car motor should be unbroken running so as to charge the battery.

The battery also can be charged with the assistance of gas generator and star panels. There’s additionally another thanks to charge the battery by connecting it to an AC outlet. The energy that is hold on within the battery is remodeled to different power by the facility electrical converter. This power is employed in business moreover as industrial systems. It’s additionally helpful all told sorts of homes and offices.

For storing the electricity, an electrical converter wants batteries.

Electric battery is a necessary a part of an electrical converter.

Several firms within the market area unit manufacturing electrical converter batteries. The most effective electrical converter battery listing varies as per the producing firms. It’s equally necessary to settle on a right battery as selecting electrical converter. The guts of UPS system are its Battery. If a high-end branded electrical converter is hooked up to an affordable battery, then there's a risk of spoiling the lifetime of the branded electrical converter.

Even among the pledge amount, non-branded batteries fail ||www.electricalmirror.net||

What to seem for in electrical converter Batteries ?

Selecting the most effective battery for home use depends on 2 things – the desired capability of the battery and therefore the form of battery required.

India UPS Market at any time. Excessive or low voltage to inverters is given by non-branded batteries, which can go bad the system of UPS. Such batteries area unit sometimes equipped with battery plates of low-quality. Throughout an influence failure, an extended backup isn’t given by the affordable batteries. The AH rating in such battery could undoubtedly be faux. Extreme care maintenance is required by these batteries. Reliable batteries area unit ISO certified.

While getting batteries for an electrical converter, the hollow batteries ought to be the popular selection. Compared to the opposite sorts, there are a unit slightly a lot of expensive; however they're pricing their prices. Compared to alternative batteries that solely have a life up to four years, hollow batteries have a protracted lifetime of up to eight years. For the batteries to run well, one has to often prime them up with H2O. One should additionally comprehend the pledge that is provided by the manufacturer of the electrical converter a minimum of a minimum pledge of one year is provided by most of the makers. Some makers additionally give specific pledge periods for various spare elements of the electrical converter. One ought to additionally enquire regarding the extended pledge. Before shopping for an electrical converter battery for an electrical converter, one ought to analysis and decide the best electrical converter battery combination.

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Growing demand from diverse sectors such as IT and IT enabled services (ITeS); banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI); government, manufacturing, telecom, and energy sectors continues to drive the UPS market in India. Government’s initiative to computerize its various departments coupled with ‘The National e-Governance Plan’ is expected to boost the demand for low-end UPS systems through 2025. Increasing demand for high-end UPS is expected to emanate from growing installations of high-end electronic equipment and machineries in industrial set-ups.

Increasing penetration of IT/ITES sector in Tier-II & Tier II cities of the country is also anticipated to boost the demand for UPS systems in the coming years. India UPS Market is expected to grow with a CAGR over 8% during the forecast period 2018-2025. Growing need for continuous and smooth power supply in various end-use sectors including residential, commercial and industrial, provides a huge growth opportunity for UPS manufacturers in India.

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One should always search for best electrical converter battery brands as a result of guarantee, smart client service/support, and safety area unit offered by the branded electrical converter batteries. Shopping for unbranded electrical converter battery for an electrical converter is going to be the same as card-playing hard-earned money on stocks that area unit falling. The unbranded electrical converter battery could look profitable from the value purpose of read. However it'll not be a right product to use in terms of safety and it'd not meet the desired standards. As per the arranged down standards in Asian nation, the merchandise while not Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence mark will increase the expenses thanks to service prices and alternative things. If one needs for an electrical converter battery that has lower maintenance prices, then one ought to choose an electrical converter battery that is Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence approved and marked.

Particularly, growing demand from IT/ ITeS, BFSI, government sector, manufacturing, telecom, and energy sectors are expected to drive UPS market in India in the coming years. However, regardless of various government efforts towards increasing power generation over the last decade, there is still a huge mismatch between power supply and demand. Poor power infrastructure and high transmission losses are anticipated to drive demand for UPS systems in India over the forecast period.

Growing demand from diverse sectors such as IT and IT enabled

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services (ITeS); banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI); government, manufacturing, telecom, and energy sectors continues to drive the UPS market in India. Government’s initiative to computerize its various departments coupled with ‘The National e-Governance Plan’ is expected to boost the demand for low-end UPS systems through 2025. Increasing demand for high-end UPS is expected to emanate from growing installations of high-end electronic equipment and machineries in industrial set-ups.

Increasing penetration of IT/ITES sector in Tier-II & Tier II cities of the country is also anticipated to boost the demand for UPS systems in the coming years.

UP S & B a t t e r ie s

India UPS Market Analysis: By Type

• Online segment is growing significantly with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. For applications where power losses due to inefficiencies are less of a concern and eliminating the delay from grid power available to back power is paramount, Online (also called Double Conversion) is the only solution. Online systems followed line interactive systems due to its popularity among large organizations and data centers. Moreover, online systems are slightly more expensive considered to line-interactive systems.

• Offline/Standby segment is growing significantly with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. They are the most common type of UPS used for personal computers.

The systems are considered as best value for personal workstations, however, for other applications, line interactive and online are better. For backup applications where low cost is critical, it doesn’t matter if the load loses power briefly and backup times are short, an offline solution is adequate, although it will not provide adequate protection against spikes or sags from the grid.

• Line Interactive segment is growing significantly with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. For typical applications where power often needs conditioning but is usually available and very short transfer times from grid to backup power are acceptable and daily energy consumption is a concern, Line Interactive is the preferred solution. These types of UPS systems are demanded by majority of commercial establishments

India UPS Market Analysis: By Application

• The Commercial UPS application is growing at a rapidly with a significant CAGR during the forecast period owing to the growing commercial sectors like public and private offices, restaurants, hospitals, cafes, etc.

• The Industrial UPS application is growing with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period due to rapid industrialization.

• The Residential UPS application is growing with a healthy

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CAGR during the forecast period. The growing population is one main driver behind the residential usage of UPS. As people are increasing, the residential areas are also increasing simultaneously, surging the demand for UPS in their homes.

India UPS Market: Competitive Dynamics The India UPS Market is dominated by a number of players, amongst them, the major players are Consul Neowatt Power Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Delta Power Solutions (India) Pvt. Ltd, Eaton Power Quality Pvt. Ltd, Emerson Network Power (India) Pvt. Ltd, Hitachi HI-REL Power Electronics Pvt. Ltd, Microtek International Pvt. Ltd, Novateur Electrical & Digital Systems Pvt. Ltd, Schneider Electric IT Business India Pvt. Ltd, Socomec Innovative Power Solutions, Unlined Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. Companies in this industry are following different strategies to strengthen their market position.

A summary of 10 key UPS trends continues here with a discussion of new options related to compact designs and batteries, and a look at cooling requirements.

THIS IS NOT YOUR FATHER’S N+1 REDUNDANT UPS SYSTEM Traditional N+1 configurations required separate modules and a parallel cabinet with extensive field wiring between boxes. Now you can get from about 6kW up to 1.6MW in one UPS factory assembly or in one lineup and in a much smaller overall footprint.

The new, compact arrangement has many advantages, but one drawback is you cannot always change out a problematic redundant component without risk or shutdown of the entire system. That’s because you’re essentially dealing with one assembly. All of the key components may not be internally redundant as they are with traditional N+ 1 configuration, such as individual module inputs and dedicated battery strings per module. But if the cost and size of an N UPS is almost the same as that of an internally redundant N+1 UPS, the N+1 system is often the better choice. This is particularly true if the initial load will almost always be such that you can take advantage of the internal redundancy.

As an example, if an N UPS is rated at 90kW (one 90kW module) and an N+1 UPS is rated at 90kW (three 30kW modules), and your load will likely be less than 60kW, then the N+1 configuration will be the better choice. But if your load will likely be above 60kW, then the N configuration will be the better choice as it will include fewer failure points. N+ 1 system include many common failure points, especially when considering input and output switchgear, automatic transfer switches, etc.

These common or single failure points can be largely designed out with 2N designs or variations of 2N or multi-bus designs. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Multi-bus configurations (especially those with redundant components in separate rooms) provide the highest reliability and allow for easier and lower-risk end-of-life replacement. It is very difficult to replace a single bus UPS system without a planned shutdown or risk of an unplanned shutdown.

are often changed several times during the life of the UPS equipment. Therefore, when designing the space for UPS and battery equipment today with plans to add more UPS or more battery runtime in the future, you may not need to design and protect as much space for the future batteries.

Using internally redundant UPS systems allows for application of two systems to achieve 2(N+1) redundancy at a lower cost and size than most traditional N+1 configurations. If you’re up for the load balancing challenge, you can further reduce the amount of stranded capacity to achieve a high level of redundancy with three-to-make-two configurations, also known as 3N/2.

UPS COOLING REQUIREMENTS ARE BECOMING DYNAMIC

PREPARE TODAY FOR TOMORROW’S UPS BATTERIES Cabinet zed VRLA (valve-regulated lead acid) batteries remain the mainstay and account for roughly 30 percent of the UPS total cost. Look out, however, for the impending lithium-ion revolution. You’re already carrying around lithium-ion batteries in your laptop and mobile phone. Your car may be propelled by an electric motor and lithium-ion batteries. And if lithium-ion doesn’t begin to take significant UPS market share soon, some other emerging battery technology may well do so.

Lithium-ion or other battery technology will likely require less space for the same runtime. Recharging time should be much faster and a common UPS failure mode — known as coup de fouet, or whiplash effect, which can result in UPS failure at the worst possible time, where the battery voltage drops deeply then recovers — should diminish, which may allow for shorter runtime requirements.

All of this should not only further bring down the cost and space requirements for new UPS equipment and further improve reliability, but may also affect replacement batteries for existing UPS systems. On larger UPS systems, batteries

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UPS systems, whether located inside the data center or (preferably) outside it, require reliable and often redundant cooling. UPS cooling has traditionally been sized based on a summation of worst-case conditions. These include full load and very low efficiency. But over-cooling UPS equipment is an increasing problem. UPS equipment that can experience large load changes or that can be operated in full online or in eco-modes (typically user-selectable) requires cooling that is much more dynamic than in the past. The UPS room cooling may need to reliably and automatically scale down from a worst-case 100 percent cooling function to as low as 5 percent.

This dynamic cooling requirement means a simple, fully sized unit that is either 100 percent on or off probably won’t work.

Today’s data centres depend on uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) to provide clean, continuous power throughout the facility’s entire operational life. While the mains supply is available, the UPS protects the data centre’s sensitive information and communication technology (ICT) equipment from electrical noise and any other power aberrations that may appear on the incoming power feed. If the supply fails, then the UPS battery must take over instantly and use its stored energy to support the load until either the mains is restored, or a generator can be started, or the data centre systems can be shut down safely.

A UPS battery’s ability to store energy reliably and efficiently during normal operation, making it immediately available to the load during a mains failure, is critical to data centre

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security. Accordingly, in this article, Mark Coughlin, Applications Manager for Reserve Power at EnerSys reviews the key battery technologies currently available, to inform commercial and technical specifiers responsible for battery selection.

The evolving data centre landscape

UP S & B a t t e r ie s

Data centres today experience a rising incidence of power outages and grid fluctuations caused by increased urbanisation and demand. Meanwhile, their workload is expanding, with a move to multi-user hosting services and larger data storage capacity requirements. These factors increase pressure for ‘best in class’ technologies and reliable power.

UPS batteries are also directly impacted by reduced autonomy times, now typically between 30 seconds and 5 minutes, compared with historical averages of around 15 minutes. This is because of the shorter times needed to start up generators and switch loads. Fast recharge times are also desirable, allowing batteries to be recharged quickly in order to be able to support further power outages.

Energy efficiency has become an overarching concern for all data centres, not just because of the financial impact of large-scale operation and rising energy costs, but also due to pressure from stakeholders – and legislation – to pursue effective carbon footprint reduction policies.

Concerns about energy costs and grid power availability are driving growing interest in using UPS battery assets for energy storage applications, as a way to generate further revenue. In Firm Frequency Response applications, for example, UK-based data centres could provide battery energy back to the National Grid on demand. Alternatively, the batteries could be used for peak shaving, reducing data centre energy costs by supporting loads when electricity cost is high and then recharge the battery when low-cost electricity supply is available.

Such strategies can bring significant cost savings, and generate money when supplying energy back to the grid. However, they demand longer battery autonomies than the five minutes typically needed for UPS backup. Currently, there are relatively few active sites deploying this strategy. Nevertheless, manufacturers such as EnerSys have conducted trials with batteries that can support these applications.

benefits and high visibility through its use in electric vehicles.

Li-ion is attracting interest through being attributed with performance features superior to traditional Lead-Acid VRLA batteries, which are typically either gel or absorbent glass mat (AGM) designs. Compared to traditional VRLA equivalents, Li-ion offers a high cycle life, together with a significant size and weight reduction. Li-ion batteries also have high charge efficiency, with excellent partial state of charge tolerance – in fact, partial charge is preferred for long cycle life and operation in float conditions at full state of charge is avoided. The self-discharge rate of Li-ion is also low, which results in prolonged shelf life when in storage. Finally, it has well high and low temperature performance, and no gas emissions.

However, Li-ion’s comparison with traditional VRLA reveals some challenges along with its benefits. Accordingly, we show how TPPL technology, as an advanced form of Lead-Acid chemistry, offers a number of advantages over traditional VRLA batteries. Despite historical cost reductions, Li-ion pricing remains a barrier for many users. With pricing depending on many factors including purchase volumes and the exact chemistry used, Li-ion is currently significantly more expensive than Lead-Acid. Furthermore, although space-saving may be important within data centres, weight reduction, which Li-ion batteries offer, is seldom critical.

Similarly, the high cycling capability of Li-ion isn’t a driving factor for selection within UPS applications, where batteries are mostly floating at near full state of charge.

While considered a safe technology, any Li-ion solution, unlike Lead-Acid, must include a battery management system (BMS) to ensure safe charging and discharging. This increases complexity, and requires users to have a thorough understanding of Li-ion technology. However, the BMS provides built-in diagnostics, which identify most problems and allow minimal maintenance.

Additionally, consideration must be given to the MTBF (Mean Time Before Failure) of the electronic components factored into

Battery technologies and trends Battery chemistries currently available for UPS backup include Lead-Acid, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and Nickel-Cadmium. There are also non-battery technologies like flywheels and Super-Capacitors.

However, this article focuses on the two types that currently dominate the data centre industry: Lead-Acid, which represent over 90 per cent of the UPS market share, and Li-ion, which is attracting increasing interest due to its purported performance 80

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Li-ion calendar lifetime calculations. Lifetimes of 15 years are claimed, but service life is not proven in the field. By comparison, advanced TPPL, with 12+ years design life, provides eight to 10 years’ service life, while traditional VRLA 10-year design life batteries typically provide five to six years’ service life.

centre vulnerability to multiple mains blackouts, through very short recharge times and time to repeat duty. For example, with 0.4C10 A charging current using fast charge methodology, TPPL can be fully recharged, following a one-minute discharge to 1.6 Vpc, in 2½ hours, and ready to repeat duty in 22 minutes.

Charging is another important consideration. Firstly, to fast-charge Li-ion, higher charging capacity, with increased cost, may be required. Also, in many cases the charging architecture would need to be replaced or changed to support different Li-ion battery charger voltages, so two different UPS rectifier types would be required across a data centre attempting to deploy both Li-ion and Lead-Acid batteries.

Battery replacement costs are also reduced through low internal corrosion rates, yielding a service life 25 per cent longer than for traditional VRLA. Additionally, storage life is increased from six to 24 months due to low self-discharge rates.

Above, we have seen why Li-ion, while attracting increasing attention, has been slow to penetrate to data centre market.

On-going development driven by the powerful automotive sector may change this, but advanced TPPL technology offers data centre managers the best of both chemistries.

As a Lead-Acid based battery technology, TPPL is reliable, well-proven, and easy to transport, handle and recycle. Crucially, advanced TPPL technology significantly improves energy efficiency, by providing up to 43 per cent energy reduction compared with traditional VRLA batteries through reducing float current requirements. Further energy savings accrue as it can operate, within warranty, at elevated temperatures, reducing air-conditioning requirements.

Meanwhile, advanced TPPL battery technology reduces data

What of the future?

Lead-Acid technology is expected to dominate the market for at least the next few years, although enquiries and niche projects suitable for Li-ion will continue to grow. In particular, applications requiring high cycling will be seeking advanced TPPL or Li-ion solutions.

Depending on the application, Li-ion could be the preferred battery type. Nevertheless, before opting for Li-ion as the technology for a particular application, a full consideration of the requirements should be undertaken. The assessment should reflect the Total Cost of Ownership, with the benefits and challenges of Li-ion compared against other available technologies, including TPPL. Irrespective of the technology chosen, battery monitoring systems will become increasingly popular, due to the battery condition visibility and opportunities for predictive maintenance that they provide. This will also bring UPS applications into the increasingly pervasive Internet of Things (IoT) environment, making them visible as components of the larger data centre infrastructure.

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Other factors, while not immediately specific to the data centre environment, should also be considered when selecting a battery technology. During transportation, Li-ion faces legislative shipping restrictions, while Lead-Acid batteries, including AGM and TPPL, are classified as non-hazardous for all transportation modes.

Then, at end-of-life, Lead-Acid has an inherent value, and is about 95 per cent recyclable by a very well-established network of smelters; this possibility, however, is not mature for Li-ion.

Advanced TPPL technology is used today in many demanding critical applications. Data centre users can access TPPL through DataSafe XE batteries, which are specifically designed for UPS applications. They support autonomies of under five minutes, while offering all the above TPPL features.

Conclusion When selecting UPS modules to power critical loads in a facility, one key decision to make is whether to use a UPS with or without input and/or output transformers. See Figures 2 and 3 for notional diagrams depicting a transformer-based and a transformer less UPS module, respectively.

Over the last decade, transformer less UPS systems have grown rapidly in popularity, eclipsing transformer-based designs. This transition is not surprising, as transformer less modules offer many advantages over a UPS with transformers. The largest advantage is efficiency. A UPS without transformers can see efficiency advantages of 5% or greater, as compared with those with transformers. Not only does this mean lower electricity bills, but it also represents lower heat loads in the room housing the UPS, resulting in reduced HVAC requirements. EM

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Application of Marconite as a Good Ground Enhancement Material than Bentonite in Transmission Linesa Case Study.

Abstract : The earthing system has an important role in safe operation of Transmission lines. In the hilly terrains generally the soil resistivity is very high and such areas are lightning prone.

Lightning over voltage causes flashovers and subsequent tripping in transmission lines Reduction of grounding resistance is one of the efficient ways to prevent occurrence of such flashovers. The primary object of safe earthing design of a transmission line is to provide low resistance path to lightning current. 400 kV transmission lines of NETC traverses through areas having high soil resistivity (10–10,000 Ωm) and high isokeraunic levels, Soil is very acidic in nature in addition to other severe environmental conditions of North Eastern Region.

This paper presents a Case Study on the impact of high soil resistivity in lightning prone area and mitigation measures being adopted in 400KV D/C

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Silchar (Assam)- Byrnihat (Meghalaya) interstate transmission line of NETC by application of Bentonite & Marconite.

Keywords-TFBentonite, Marconite, TLA, NETCL, Soil resistivity Introduction North East Transmission Company Limited (NETC) is a Joint Venture Company of POWERGRID, OTPC and Six states of North Eastern region. The main objective of the company is to evacuate 726.6 MW power from Gas Based Combined Cycle Power Project (GBCCPP) of OTPC at Palatana in Tripura. NETC is operating 400kV D/C Palatana-Silchar-Bongaigaon transmission line of 662.8kM traversing through the states of Tripura, Meghalaya and Assam. One circuit of 400kV Silchar –Bongaigaon double circuit Interstate line is looped -in looped- out at Byrnihat substation in Meghalaya and another circuit is looped- in looped -out at Azara substation in Assam.

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A. Major challenges in operation and maintenance of D) Bentonite transmission line in north eastern region:E) Marconite

E a r t h in g

The Operation and maintenance of transmission line in North Eastern Region is a big challenge due to following major constraints i) Dense forest, Hilly terrain, fast growing vegetation, Agricultural Cultivation fire (Jhoom Burning), pockets of open coal mines. ii) Frequent land sliding & road blockage due to heavy rainfall. The rain fall in NER is about 7-10 times more than all India average rainfall. iii) The acute ROW issues and theft prone area in some part of Assam,River scoring. iv) Severe lightning in some portion of line v) Land slide prone area.

Bentonite and Marconite are used as ground enhancement materials (GEM) to reduce earth resistance. NETC considered Bentonite due to its water absorbing feature over Marconite for improvement of lightning performance of Transmission line.

F) TYPES OF BENTONITE: Two types of Bentonite is commonly available • Sodium Bentonite.

• Calcium Bentonite Sodium bentonite is having properties of swelling while calcium bentonite is non swelling in nature. NETC has used the sodium bentonite as it can absorb water up to 5 times of its original weight and swells up to 13 times of its dry volume.

G) BENTONITE CHARACTERISTICS B. To minimize the impact of lightning effect, following Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash options were analyzed. with high content of silica. Swelling properties & moisture i) Providing additional earthing of towers through PG clamp with separate earth pit. ii) Providing spike on tower top to capture lightning strikes. iii) Providing one more additional insulator disc to protect against Back flashover. iv) Installation of Transmission Line Arrestors (TLA) in location where TFR value is more than 50 ohms. v) If the value of the soil resistivity more than 1500 ohms meter use of counter poise earthing up to 70 meter. vi) The Use of Morolite (Mixture of Bentonite with 7.5% salt) with 40 mm dia Galvanized pipe type electrode. vii) Addition of Salt & Charcoal with Rod earthing. viii) Carbon earthing. ix) Explored use of chemical earthing bentonite and marconite.

retaining properties. Bentonite clay is a natural earth soil (Clay) containing the mineral montmorillonite. Due to its high moisture characteristics, resistivity of soil decreases.

Marconite Characteristic and advantage over the Bentonite. i) NETC has explored the alternate option to Bentonite earthing in some of the locations by using the Conductive concreate earthing (Marconite conductive aggregate + Cement) as the Ground Enhancement Material and obtained better result. ii) The Marconite is Corrosion & Maintenance free product. iii) The life of the Marconite is 50 years as compared to the life of bentonite which is 4 to 5 years. iv) It is very low resistivity dissipate the fault current very fast. v) It did not leach away by ground water as a conductive concreate. vi) Marconite did not require the water / moisture for conduction of the electricity, as bentonite in which requires moisture for conduction of electricity. In Marconite, conduction of electricity is through the movement of the electrons. vii) Its pollution free and green product and is used by NETC as Innovative solution in T/L for first time in India. viii) The soil pollution has been reduced.

Lightning is a massive electrostatic discharge caused by electric charges in the atmosphere and resulting in a strike from cloud to itself. Lightening is a very high frequency signal and high voltage /current, Impedance of the line change, Whenever lightning strikes the top of a transmission tower or earth wire, a lightning current flow towards bottom of the tower and causes voltage rise to a tower which results in back flashover across the insulators of transmission line or causes phase to ground fault. The probability of flashovers can be minimized if the lightning current gets the least resistance path to ground, which can be achieved by reducing TFR. The various power utilities /railways/companies are using Marconite in their substations and proved very effective.

C) TYPES OF CHEMICAL EARTHING Following type of Chemical earthing compound is commonly Earth pit does not require water periodically, thus saving of water resources . used for reducing the soil resistivity 84

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Three of earthing have been used by NETC for earthing of transmission line i) Pipe earthing and ii) Counter poise earthing implemented in NETC line. iii) Pipe Type Earthing.

Bentonite treatment in counter poise earthing of transmission line of NETC While implementing chemical earthing, sodium bentonite was laid at a depth of 900 mm using new galvanized steel stranded wires (10.97mm) with proper compaction by means of ramming of soil after every 400 mm back filling.

In each leg approximately 500Kg Sodium bentonite has been used. The length of galvanized steel wire was kept up to 40 meters depending upon soil characteristics.

Length: 30 meters. Depth: 90 cms. Width: 30 cms. by manual means, removal of existing counterpoise earth wire, cleaning and rubbing (if any rusting found) of counterpoise earth wire, application of bituminous paint on the surface of counterpoise earth wire. (anti corrosive paint), setting of form box for putting of counterpoise earth wire and mixture, back filling of the trench with excavated soil (without stone mixed soil) and ramming of soil after every 40 cms back filling.

Application of Marconite:

BENTONITE APPLICATION WORK

The Graph showing the improvement of TFR before and after Bentonite Treatment. (X- axis indicates tower locations & Y-axis indicates Resistance in OHMs)

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Mix Marconite with cement & water so as to form a mortar (Ratio of marconite: cement is 2:1). Pour the mixture inside the form box say 25 to 50 mm (1-2 inch) thick. Lay the counterpoise earth wire on top of the mixture inside the form box. Apply another layer of the mixture say 25 to 50 mm (1-2 inch) thick. Ensure that the counterpoise wire is fully covered.

Wait till the mixture become set. Carefully remove the form box and backfill the trench with the excavated soil. Rammed the soil after every 40 cm to ensure that the soil is compact.

E) Marconite Conductive Concrete Implementation :Marconite Earthing Execution work in the 4 Nos Tower locations(318,319,322 & 323) of Silchar-Byrnihat Line of NETC. Procedure for Marconite application :- Excavation of trench ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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MARCONITE EARTHING EXECUTION WORK

Improved results after application of the Marconite in :S.N. Tower Location.

TFR average Value before application of Marconite.

(Ohms)

TFR average Value after application of Marconite

Remark.

E a r t h ing

(Ohms) 1

318

2

319

Infinity (Beyond the range of meter) much more value & Lightening mark observed in this locations.

6.08

5.18

Value Improved.

Value Improved.

NETC successfully implemented the Pilot project of the Marconite where the Tower footing value improved. In location where the TFR value not improved the value will be more than 50 ohms the idea of installation of Transmission Line Arrestors (TLA) will be the good option. TLAs are installed on the conductors, electrically in parallel to insulator strings. In the event of lightning, instead of back flash over across insulator string, TLA conducts and provide path to the lightning current towards phase conductors. It not only avoids flashover but prevents tripping in the transmission line. It is worth mentioning that application of TLA nullifies any impact of higher tower footing resistance.

CONCLUSION AND LESSONS LEARNT Based on the above field experience, it can be concluded Performance of transmission line depends on the performance of the earthing. It is essential to reduce the tower footing resistance to minimize the tripping of line during fault condition & lightning stroke on transmission line. This paper mainly

aimed to discuss various measure to improve the Tower Footing Resistance by using Sodium Bentonite as a Ground Enhancement Material (GEM) & Marconite in 400 KV in Transmission lines the tower footing resistance (TFR) However, Marconite is better ground enhancement material than Bentonite, as it is specifically engineered product manufactured for earthing unlike Bentonite which is a natural resource and is obtained from mines. Marconite is environment friendly and is green product and performs for a longer time.

In lightning prone areas where reduction of tower footing resistance does not improve performance of transmission line, application of TLA may be better option to reduce the trippings.

References: [ 1] Veledar, M., Timic, Z., Skok, S. and First, Z., `Improvement of grounding properties by using bentonite', Proceedings: XXIX Conference CIGRE, Paris,1982.,IS 3043. [ 2] Dilberovic, N., Veledar, M., I Bozanovic, A., ‘Grounding of TransmissionTowers’, Yugoslav committee of the international conference on large power networks – CIGRE, XVII Conference of Electrical Engineers of Yugoslavia, Struga,1985 [ 3] Dilberovic, N., Veledar, M., and Pavlovic, M., `Problems in transmission line grounding', Proceedings: CIGRE SC-22: Transmission Line Open Conference, Sarajevo, 1989, i Yugoslav committee of the international conference on large power networks – CIGRE, XIX

Author:- Harshal Malewar (North East Transmission Company)

harshalmalewar@netcindia.in Mr. Harshal Radheshyam Malewar is a graduate in Electrical Engineering from Govt. College Engineering Chandrapur, Nagpur University and Maharashtra in 2006 & has correspondence MBA in Power & operation Management in 2010. He is Certified Chartered Engineer from the Institution of Engineers (India). He has diversified experience of more than 14 years in the Power Transmission & Distribution with various power sectors companies such as RECTPCL, MSETCL, Sunflag Steel & Power, Jyoti Structures Ltd and North East Transmission Company Limited (POWERGRID & ONGC JV). He has good exposure in Project Monitoring, Project Management, O&M and Construction of EHV Substations & Lines. Quality inspection and Transmission Assessment & Valuation.

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WHERE OTHER MATERIALS FAIL, EARTHING SPECIALISTS RELY UPON MARCONITE

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P r o duct I n f o

Product Info

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Product Info

P r o duct I n f o

A Reliable UPS solution by Phoenix Contact Ensures high system availability

An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a device that allows a load to keep running for some time when the primary power source is lost. An inferior power grid quality along with the growing use of sensitive electronics has led to increase downtimes.

There is a competitive advantage to be had where the system runs smoothly even when the grid quality is deficient.

IQ technology is the Key to an intelligent UPS solution. The UPS monitors and optimizes the energy storage avoid interruption when working with the intelligent UPS for non- stop Power.

Additionally, Our UPS solution along with the Surge Protection and monitoring system ensure the high system availability.

Our Class B/ Type 1 SPD, Class C / Type 2 SPD and Class D/Type 3 SPD are best suited for various applications like main panel, sub-panels, PLC panels, UPS panels & Power supply

Your Advantages: -

• Rugged power supply for superior system availability.

• Robust surge protection devices to protect your system against surges & Lightnings.

• UPS solution assuring seamless operation with best-in-class power buffering, backup, and redundancy.

EM

For further details, Please contact

Phoenix Contact India Pvt. Ltd. F-26/2, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase -2, New Delhi – 110020 E-mail- adverts@phoenixcontact.co.in

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K-lite industries won two prestigious awards in The National Architecture and Interior Design Excellence Awards & Conference 2021

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Ms. Sharmila Kumbhat, Managing Director K-lite Industries K-Lite is proud and delighted to announce that we These awards were presented in a glitterati are once again proved of our dedication to keep function at Hotel Taj West End, Bangalore, which the K-Lite flag to fly high by winning strings of was attended by over 100 designers & architects awards in recent years, which were both artistic These awards are a testament to our team and and commercial successes. innovation efforts centered around delivering the Recently, on 18th August 2021, “The National best value for our consumers while also being Architecture and Interior Design Excellence Awards conscious of our impact on the environment. With & Conference 2021, Global Edition” has recognised this added motivation, we will continue to work the best efforts of K-Lite and Ms.Sharmila Kumbhat with renewed vigour towards achieving our vision has been awarded with the following prestigious of "Unlocking the extraordinary potential of light & coveted awards. for brighter lives and a better world.”

1. “Best & Most Innovative Lighting Company It’s a major boost and a stepping stone for all of the Year 2021 (India)" under Quality of us to feel proud of this significant moment as Products and Premium Projects category Klite is the only company recognised in the lighting to K-Lite Industries. category. Together we can make a difference and 2. “Outstanding Performance & Contribution in make this world more sustainable. EM Business Domain” awarded to Ms. Sharmila Kumbhat.

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Product Info

P r o duct I n f o

“KUSAM MECO” TRMS DIGITAL FORK CLAMPMETER MODEL KM 039 NEW FORK CLAMP! AC-TRMS-200A! HIGH SAFETY CAT-III 600V !

12mm SLIMMEST CLAMPS TO FIT IN NARROW SPACES! Rugged Fire Retarded Housing

KUSAM-MECO presents its latest offering of Fork Clampmeter with only 12mm Slim-Probe open jaws for easy slide into tight wiring. It is packed with features not available in competition. Features include 6000 counts display dual sensitivities EF-Detection, 12.5mm ACA FORK Clamp, Backlight LCD Display, fully body, Crest, Max Min, IN-RUSH Currents, (5milli seconds) innovative Beeplit Diode Test, Records Max/Min reading over time, Automatic APO disable feature, Relative Zero for convenient reading comparison, Data Hold, AC Voltage (LPF), DC Voltage, Capacitance, Resistance, Temperature (Type K-Thermocouple), DCmA for HVAC flame sensors testing, BeepLit Continuity Test. Non-Contact EF-Detection (NCV) with Hi / Lo selectable sensitivities. Direct LPF / ACV & LPF Hz for VFDS (signals upto 600V). EM

“KUSAM MECO” TRUE RMS DIGITAL MULTIMETER MODEL KM 60-T KUSAM-MECO has introduced a new TRMS Digital Multimeter Model-KM 60-T. It is a 6000 counts Multimeter having 12 functions & 39 Ranges. It has a large backlight display. It measures TRMS AC Voltage upto 750V & AC Current upto 10Amps. It has function of DC Voltage upto 1000V & DC Current upto 10A. It can also measure frequency upto 10 MHz. The Resistance range is upto 40 M Ohms. Additionally it measures Capacitance upto 9.999 mF. It also has Diode & Continuity TEST. Other features include Non-Contact Voltage detection & pulse output. It also has data hold & MAX/MIN & Rel Zero function. For taking measurement in poorly lit or dark places, it is equipped with a flash light. To conserve power, the instrument will be deactivated if there is no input signal for about 15 minutes. Over range is displayed by “OL”. It is light in weight (approximately 250gms including battery). It is supplied with high quality Test lead, battery & user manual. It is warranted for 01 year. EM

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“KUSAM MECO” AUTORANGING TRUE RMS DIGITAL MULTIMETER WITH DATA LOGGING & PC INTERFACE MODEL KM 891 KUSAM-MECO has introduced a most advanced TRMS Digital Multimeter Model KM 891 having 60,000 Counts with data logging function & PC interface. It has 21 Functions & 63 Ranges. This new Digital Multimeter has 21 function packed in 1 instrument so that the user does not have to carry many instruments. The basic DC voltage accuracy is 0.03%. The instrument is water proof & dust proof with IP 65 rating. It has safety compliance CAT III 1000V & CAT IV 600V. It can capture trends and Data record / read back 20,000 records. For the safety of the instrument & the user in case of wrong test lead input, the instrument gives alarm & buzzer to warn the user. It also has date & time function. It has measuring functions AC current, AC + DC Current, AC Voltage, AC + DC Voltage, DC Current, Resistance, Capacitance, Frequency, Temperature measurement function. A very special function in the instrument is Conductance measurement. Additionally, it has the function of duty cycle, Diode Test, continuity Test and Pulse width. It has dBV and dbM. To conserve the battery power the meter will switch off, if any switch or button is not operated for 15 minutes. It can also display Maximum & Minimum & Relative value.

Peak detection of the input value is also available in this instrument. It also has the function of Data Hold, Comparison instrument. It complies with Safety Standards IEC/EN 61010-1, EN6101-2-30 & pollution degree 2. The functions are displayed on the LCD screen graphically. Optional, facility of Bluetooth is available. EM

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Cable & Wire Fair 2022 ................................................ 59

Kusam Electrical Industries Ltd. .................................... 17

Electrical Research and Development Association ......... P-05

Mahindra Powerol ......................................................... 11

FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................... IFC

Mecc Alte India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................... 09

Fluke Technologies Pvt. Ltd. .........................................

47

Mikrotek Machines Ltd. ................................................. IBC

H.D. Wire Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................ 13

Next Gen Equipments Pvt. Ltd. ..................................... 95

Himoinsa ....................................................................... BC

Polycab India Limited ................................................... P-03

Inter-Tech ....................................................................... 87

Phoenix Contact (India) Pvt. Ltd. ................................. P-01

IFSEC Expo ....................................................................

Wire India Expo 2021 ................................................... 97

37

K-Lite Industries............................................................. 14-15

E l e c t r i c a l M I RR O R 94

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EVENT DIARY 27-29 Oct 2021

IECC, PRAGATI MAIDAN www.powergen-india.com

25-26 Nov 2021

Bombay Exhibition Centre, MUMBAI www.oshindia.com

16–18, Dec 2021

Bengaluru, India https://electronica-india.com/en/

Electronica India is the leading trade fair for electronic

For more than 15 years, POWERGEN India has served

South Asia’s largest occupational safety & health

components, systems and applications in India. The fair

as India's premier forum for the power generation

event, OSH India Expo brings together internationally

is one of the most important industry gatherings for the

industry. Attracting over 8,000 attendees, POWERGEN

renowned exhibitors, consultants, business experts and

electronics industry in Asia. The trade fair showcases products

India covers all forms of power generation, from

key government officials on an industry platform. The

such as Semiconductors, Embedded systems, Displays and

conventional to renewable energy and other low-carbon

show facilitates exchanges of global best practices and

LED, Micro and nano systems, Sensor technology, Test

options. This leading forum is where the power

seeks solutions for challenges in upholding workplace

and measurement, Passive components, PCBs, other circuit

industry can meet, share and discuss solutions for

safety and health. The show witness safety professionals

carriers and EMS.

India's energy future.

from across India.

1-3 March 2022

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India www.cablewirefair.com

Cable & Wire Fair (CWF) is now undisputed leading Indian event for the global wire & cable industry. The show is centered at creating a consensus-driven, growth-oriented stage for the wire and cable industry in India. The telecom and power networks act as the nerves and veins of today's societies where the most fundamental integrating elements are wires and cables.

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19 – 21 May 2022

Bombay exhibition centre (BEC), Mumbai, India www.led-expo-mumbai.in

LED Expo is India's only show covering the entire value chain of the LED industry. It has recognised the industry potential and has identified it as a futuristic technology which will take the lighting industry by storm. It has created a platform for its exhibitors and visitors to source and explore the latest in trend products and technologies from around the globe. Being the foremost and exclusive exhibition showcasing the strength of the Indian LED industry, it has become the maiden choice of the architects, interior designers, construction, real estate companies, builders, contractors etc. for sourcing the latest in trend products and technologies.

23-25 Nov 2022 Mumbai, India www.wire-india.com

Wire India aims in bringing the economic development of India to higher summit and its objective has increased the importance of the show in all over the world.

The participants are availed with incredible business opportunities which aid the exhibitors to establish their brand and advertise it to the worldwide market. Advanced range of products are demonstrated which has pulled the attention and investment of the foreign delegates as well.

The exhibitors can also get into new partnership dealings with the attending companies.

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Tel+91-8042688999

Email - info@mikrotek.org