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India’s power sector market present conditions might require significant smart grid infra investment. It has one of the highest T&D loss rates in the world. India is projected to invest USD 44.9 billion smart metering, distribution automation, battery storage and other smart grid market segments over the next decade. This investment will help to reduce the country’s staggering 22.7% T&D loss rate. Vendors from across Europe, North America, and Asia have already participated in small-scale pilots and grid upgrade projects, and have been linked with announcements of large-scale rollouts by Indian utilities that are upcoming in the next several years. The successful pilot projects can be taken as reference while deciding on investment prospects, while their implementation report will guide the investors on operational and financial risks identified. Testing is a very important part of the development life cycle, regardless of software or hardware. Every piece of equipment that leaves a manufacturing facility or each software that goes live is checked and rechecked for bugs. Due to human involvement, exhaustive testing is not possible. More thorough testing could be done by automating the process. The wireless market is one area where customers can benefit from a flexible and scalable system. High testing complexity with continuous daily tests of multiple application versions is just the beginning of the long list of use cases for automated testing. This edition delves into essential issues such as key trends in T&M equipment, National Programs in the Fields of Smart Grids and Renewable Energy and brief review on LED Lighting Industry. Our expert writers have provided feature articles on a no. of important topics, giving guidance on changing business trends as well as providing pointers to future demand. The various sections in the report focus on specific electrical industry segments such as smartgrid, smart meters, lighting and other related areas, aggregates industry trends and correlate these with major technological advances.
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Focus: Test and Measurement Equipment Industry: India Outlook
52
Industry Focus:
Industry Analysis: Power Transmission
58
Industry Focus:
A New Electricity Era Begins With Smart Meters
Cover Story Top Trends in Test and Measurement Industry
News Update
26 10
Need to Reform the Whole Power Sector of the State Nagaland: Kipili Sangtam
Special Focus:
32
National Programs in the Fields of Smart Grids and Renewable Energy
Focus :
38
Securing a Clean Energy Future: A Brief Review on LED Lighting Industry Case Study of The Month
44
Various Case Studies On Operation And Control Schemes For Grid Sub-Station Contd‌.
Guest Article
60
Application Story
66
Omicron
Flir Systems India Pvt. Ltd.
Tenders Projects
70 71
Product Info Harting Meco Instruments Toshniwal
76 78
72,73 73 74
Advertisement Index Event Diary
N ews of the Month
Need to Reform the Whole Power Sector of the State Nagaland: Kipili Sangtam
Minister for Power, C Kipili Sangtam, indicated that there was a need to reform the whole power sector of the state to enable steady power supply throughout the state. Speaking at the inaugural programme of office building of electrical division, Chumukedima 27 Aug’17, called for an urgency to transform the power sector in Nagaland and expressed happiness to learn that officers were ready to bring change in this sector for the benefit of the people. Sangtam while pointing out Dimapur and Chumukedima as the 2 imp commercial zones for the state power department, said reformation of the department should start from Chumukedima &
Dimapur. Though many projects for power generation and distribution have been pending due to poor budgetary allocations, he said. As per the sectoral outlays for annual plan of various dept’s in the
state for the last few years, Kipili regretted that the share of power department was not coming in the top 10 list even though dept of power has been regarded as a major dept and has the responsibility to serve the people. He claimed that it was now time to give special attention to power sector because power was related to industrial, social and economic development. He assured not to leave any stone unturned to give a boost to the vibrant sector. Sangtam also requested the officials of the dept to play their part and show utmost sincerity, dedication in starting the reformation process so that the people of Nagaland including even those in the remote corner of the state enjoy good quality power supply.
Power Sector Ceases to Trouble Pvt Banks Power sector stress contributes nearly 17% of the overall debt of banks; next round of fresh slippages may also emanate from the sector. The quantum of power sector exposure of private sector banks will continue to restrict improvement in asset quality, as emphasised by bank executives in cautious comments after the June quarter results. For corporate-focused lenders, Axis Bank and ICICI Bank, the sector comprises a major chunk of their outstanding watch list, while Yes Bank flagged its energy sector exposure of close to 11% of the loan book. Axis Bank also guided for lumpy slippages from the power sector watch list exposure going ahead. Power sector accounts for close to 70% of its outstanding watch list of Rs
9,485 Cr. As such, power generation and distribution account for Rs 25,600 Cr, or 5.2%, of fund based and non-fund based outstanding loans of the bank. While Axis Bank said that even with increasing slippages from the outside of the watch list, it could meet its credit cost guidance for FY18, the private sector lender sees power sector stress from outside the watch list as a threat. ICICI bank, which has the highest exposure to the sector in absolute terms of about Rs 45,000 Cr, or 4.8% of its loan book, recorded an addition of Rs 1,420 Cr to its watch list from a power account classified below investment grade in the June quarter. With this slippage, the total outstanding exposure to power sector in the
watch list stands at Rs 7,076 Cr, the highest for any industry. ICICI Bank has acknowledged that given the stress in the steel and power sectors, slippages from investment grade to below investment grade cannot be completely ruled out. The stress in the power sector has also reflected in the June quarter numbers of mid-sized private sector lender Yes Bank. While the bank has cut its power and electricity exposure to 10.6% in June from 11.3% in March and only 2% of its total exposure is non-operational, it has indicated that the stress in the sector is high and it will continue to adjust risk in the portfolio by steps like sell-down of loans.
Coal Will Remain Dominant Fuel Choice for Power Sector in 2026: Report
Coal will remain the dominant fuel choice for
India's power sector, given the vast domestic feedstock available to power generators, BMI Research said in the report. It further said India's power sector will expand rapidly over the coming decade, driven by underlying economic growth, electrification efforts and power sector reform implemented by the govt. The report also said overall, reform in the mining sector since 2015 has drastically improved the availability of coal for the power sector. However, feedstock volatility will remain a downside risk to coal-fired power generation over the coming years. In August, Coal India announced that
62 coal mining projects out of a total of 120 ongoing projects were suffering from delays, stemming from issues related to forest clearing, land acquisition, and rehabilitation and resettlement. The share of hydropower in the Indian power mix will reduce marginally over the coming decade, from around nine% currently to just over seven% in 2026, this is despite annual average growth rates in hydropower generation of 3.8%, it said. This is due to other sectors, such as coal and gas, out pacing the hydropower sector in terms of generation growth. There are a number of large-scale hydro projects under construction and in the planning stage, and the govt has taken steps to accelerate their development, it added.
N ews of the Month
JSW Energy to Enter EV Segment
JSW Energy today unveiled its plans to foray into the electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage segments and said it will invest up to Rs 4,000 Cr in the project over the next 3 years. The company expects to roll out its first electric vehicle by 2020, JSW Energy Joint MD Prashant Jain told reporters after the announcement of June quarter earnings. "Being a large conglomerate, our aim is to keep looking at growth opportunities. Today, the scope in power business is limited and therefore we decided to make an entry into the electric vehicles and energy storage and charging stations segments," Jain said. "We hope
we will roll out our new car under the JSW brand by 2020. We will also look for technology partnering for the same," Jain said. JSW group has announced its
foray into the segment at a time when the govt is aiming to ensure all-electric car fleet in the country by 2020. Mahindra Group is currently the only player in the electric vehicles segment in the country. "We are looking at states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh for this. We want 60% of manufacturing should be localised," Jain said. He further said that the charging station infrastructure and other associated businesses will not only be integrated for the power and EV businesses but will also operate on a standalone basis for mobility and static applications.
Bharat 22 Will Give a Fillip to Energy Infra Plans In the wake of its asset sale programme, the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Coal, Power, Renewable Energy and Mines, Piyush Goyal, welcomed the new exchange traded fund, Bharat 22 providing a boost to power and energy sector infrastructure. "It is a wonderful move and will help the govt garner resources, while keeping the character
Complete Power Sector Schemes on Stipulated Time: Dy CM
Deputy CM Nirmal Singh asked for coordinated efforts for the successful implementation of the initiatives undertaken for the power sector so that the PM’s vision of providing uninterrupted power supply to every town and village of the country is realized. The Deputy CM was speaking at a review meeting convened to discuss the status of power sector related programmes including the 11th plan under Re-DDUGJY (Deendayal Upadhyaya
Gram Jyoti Karan Yojana) / DDUGJY and Prime Minister’s Development Package (PMDP) under PFA (Power for All) and UDAY Schemes in J&K. The Deputy CM asked the officers to synergize their efforts in order to ensure that the schemes meant to augment the power sector in the state are completed within the stipulated time lines so that the adequate supply of electricity can be provided to the consumers of the state. He said that these would also ensure that the un-electrified villages and areas are also provided with the requisite power.
of the PSUs intact. The companies will remain PSUs with continued 51-53% govt shareholding before the transfer", said the minister. "Our disinvestment requirement will also be met with which we can carry out further infrastructure development", added Goyal, speaking on the sideline of session on the GST organised by the FICCI Ladies Organisation (FLO) in New Delhi.
Solar Energy Sector is Next Window of Opportunity
AP Skill Development Corp Project manager K Mangendar said that there are lot self-employment opportunities in the solar power sector in the country because the central and state govts are giving priority to solar power. He inaugurated Surya Mitras 10th Batch training program held in the Acharya Nagarjuna University premises in Guntur city in Aug’17. Speaking on this occasion, he said that the demand for solar water heaters, solar bulbs and cooking systems are increasing,
when the demand is increasing, employment opportunities will also increase. He explained some techniques in the training. New Renewable Energy Development Corporation district project director G Harinath Babu said that so far they have given training to the ten batches in the ANU premises and added that so far they imparted training to 270 candidates, 240 got jobs. He said, similarly the tenth batch students will also have better employment opportunities.
N ews of the Month
The standing committee on Energy, reviewing
National Electricity Policy the National Electricity Policy, has underscored the point that for increasing new generation capacities, appropriate technology may be considered. It highlighted that in case of hydro electricity, though the potential is 1,48, 701 MW, the current installed capacity is 44,478 MW,or just 30% of the potential. While overall installed capacity of power has increased, running of power plants at lower plant load factor it has fallen from 77.1% in FY10 to 59.9% in FY17 will also escalate the generation cost.The committee has recommended that the govt should make necessary provisions to increase the utilisation of
power plants. The panel has noted the fact that the substantive fall in solar tariff and its very low gestation period is posing a threat to economic viability of thermal power plants. “Presently, solar power is doing the same to thermal power what thermal power did to hydro power. Though growth in solar energy is a good sign for the country, nonetheless, thermal power has been the mainstay of power sector and due to various reasons it’s importance is not going to end anytime soon. Therefore, the growth of this sector needs to be done in more balanced manner wherein various sectors of electricity complement one another,” the committee noted. The poor financial health of discoms continues to be a big concern as their total outstanding debt in FY15 was over Rs 4 lakh Cr. The govt launched the Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana for the sustainable financial and operational turnaround of discoms. This is now expected to improve the situation.
NITI Aayog Hurls for 24x7 Power for All, EV’s NITI Aayog has pitched for 24x7 electricity for all, bringing reforms in diesel and petrol pricing, and city gas distribution in 100 smart cities in its Three-Year Action Agenda released. The document, unveiled by FM, also calls for steps to promote electric cooking and adoption of electric vehicles. Besides, the Aayog has also suggested the govt to ensure availability of electricity, petrol, diesel and gas at competitive prices to households, in the document to be implemented by 2019-20. The Aayog expressed concerns that at present, 304 million Indians do not have access to electricity and around 500 million Indians are
dependent on solid biomass for cooking. Besides it said that India's per capita electricity consumption remains a fraction of major economies. Average T&D power losses stand at 23%. It pointed out that as India fulfils its ambition of 8% plus growth in the coming 15 years, its energy needs will multiply manifold even taking into account enhanced energy efficiency. The govt has already committed to bring electricity to every village by May 2018 and to every household by 2022. The Aayog said that an even more ambitious goal would be to provide electricity to all households on 24x7 basis.
Cost-effective Steps in Power Sector on Anvil Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu is expected to take a decision soon on cost– effective practices proposed to be adopted in the power sector to avoid imposing further burden on consumers and supplying quality power in an economically sustainable manner for the next 25 years, particularly to entrepreneurs and MNCs desirous of setting up industries in Andhra Pradesh. A.P. State Energy Efficiency Development Corporation (AP-SEEDCO) Managing Director and Media Advisor (Energy and CRDA) A. Chandra Sekhar Reddy said in a press release that Mr. Naidu told the officials that at least Rs. 2000 Cr could be saved through cost reduction mechanism and by adopting the 14 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
best practices in the generation and across the supply chain. Mr. Naidu insisted that it was time for the power utilities to implement cost-effective measures which ensure stabilisation of existing tariffs and reduction over a period of time. The proposed cost-effective measures are optimisation of quantity of coal used in power generation, reduction in the cost of power through local smart grids, purchase cost optimisation of wind, solar and other means of power, swapping of bonds to be issued for balance 25% (Rs. 5828 Cr) of the UDAY scheme loans, swapping of PFC/REC loans amounting to Rs. 4000 Cr, variable cost reduction from thermal stations and swapping of high-cost loans with low-cost loans. It was estimated that the measures would yield a savings of approximately Rs. 2020 Cr. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
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By 2020 India's RE Sector Can Create 300,000 New Jobs
N ews of the Month
Over 300,000 Indians could find jobs in the wind and solar industry over the next five years if the country works towards its 2022 target of 160 GW. Currently, wind and solar together account for almost 14% of India’s installed power capacity. Over the next three years alone, the sector can generate jobs for about 80,000 Indians. The industry employed over 21,000 people in India in 2016-2017 and is expected to employ an estimated 25,000 people more in 2017-18, according to an analysis by the Council on
Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), a not-forprofit research organisation based in New Delhi, and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a nonprofit. About 64% of India’s population is expected to be in the working age-group of 15-59 years by 2026, according to Ernst and Young, a professional services consultancy. It is also likely to have the world’s largest workforce in the world by 2025. The green sector, with its employment potential, could absorb a significant chunk.
Despite Bailout Plan Concerns Over Stalled Hydro Projects Despite a proposed bailout plan for the hydropower sector, concerns remain on the roll-out of the stalled hydro power projects, according to CEA. "Uncertainty remains about success even with the proposed bailout package due to various factors. So, we are currently targeting at projects which are in advanced stage say 70-80% complete," the Central Electricity Authority official told PTI. There had been decline in interest from private investors in the hydro power projects given environmental
hurdles, better alternatives like solar power, tariff of
No Fresh Query from DRI or ED on Adani Case
Union Power Secretary Ajay Kumar Bhalla on 2nd Aug told standing committee on Energy that DRI or ED have not sought any details regarding alleged financial fraud by Adani Group in a Maharashtra based power project. The Guardian in a detailed report published on August 15 claimed that the Adani Enterprise Ltd. and its subsidiaries siphoned off the money from a Maharashtra based power project through over-invoicing. The power secretary spoke at length on the recent power sector’s contribution to NPA. The Congress too demanded a SC
monitored probe in the case. It also alleged that the NDA govt is going slow on the case. As Congress general secretary Ajay Maken the Congress led UPA govt had initiated an inquiry on 5 Feb’13 into the practice of over-invoicing on import of machinery by subsidiary of Adani enterprises Ltd. On 15 May’14, a day before the results of 2014 Lok Sabha polls, the DRI issued a 97 page show cause notice. The Guardian story quoting from these documents writes on a complex money trail through South Korea, Dubai and eventually to an offshore company in Mauritius. The Mauritius firm is controlled by Vinod Shantilal Adani, the older brother of billionaire Adani Group Chief Executive Gautam Adani. The total money according to the Guardian story could be to tune of $235 million dollars parked in tax haven. This was done as per reports by utilizing network of offshore CoS to purchase electrical equipment and then sell it to its Indian counterpart at over 86% above the original value.
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which has plummeted drastically to below Rs 3 a unit, sources said. There are some 14 stalled hydro power projects in the country involving 10,000 MW with around Rs 26,000 Cr in these projects. Beside offering fiscal benefits, the govt was contemplating to offer 'renewable' status to all hydropower projects irrespective of their size in the proposed bailout plan. The%age of hydro power has come down from 45% in 1970 to 14% in 2016 which is too less to have an efficient and balanced grid for operation, the sources added.
Power Thefts Worth Rs. 134 Cr in Haryana Power utility companies in Haryana have detected electricity thefts worth nearly Rs. 134 crore in the state in the past three months, reports thehansindia. According to it "Cracking down on illegal consumption of electricity, Haryana Power Utilities has found 16,214 cases of electricity theft and imposed a penalty of Rs. 58.48 crore on erring consumers in the month of July," the spokesman said. "Over Rs. 21.10 crore has already been recovered. Electricity theft of Rs. 40 crore and Rs. 35 crore was found in the state in the months of June and May respectively," the spokesman said, adding that raids were being conducted across the state. The spokesman said that a large number cases of electricity theft in RO water plants, poultry farms, hotels, restaurants and small industries have come to light. "Action is being taken by the department against the offenders under the Electricity Act. Those who did not deposit fine have been arrested after lodging FIRs. In case of government employees involved in power theft, their departments were being informed to take departmental action," the spokesman said. The power sector utilities recently launched a campaign in Haryana, notorious for people not paying power bills and indulging in power theft, and detected thousands of such cases in recent months. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
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Economic Survey: India Should Calibrate Investment in Green Energy
N ews of the Month
Investment in RE should be made in a calibrated manner as social costs are high in promoting green energy, the Economic Survey has observed. The mid-year Survey, introduced for the first time, has also taken a cautious stand on the impact of encouraging green energy on the banking sector which is struggling to deal with bad loans in stranded power sector
projects. It said, "The social cost of RE generation as well as the gap between RE and coal reduces as we progress towards 2030. This is because private costs of generation as well as the stranded assets in coal, which account for around 30% of the total social cost of renewables currently, falls to around 2.4% of the total social costs of RE in the year 2030. Overall, cost of stranded assets account for a large portion of discounted social costs for renewables between 2017 and 2030." However, it said that since the first goal for India is to provide 100% energy access to its population and bridge the 'development deficit gap', all cleaner energy sources needed to be tapped. According to the document, a shift to renewables is
likely to render a part of the assets in conventional energy generation plants idle or result in them being used at a much lower level than their max technically feasible level given their capacities. The investments in these plants being sunk, it is no longer possible to recover any returns from them although their useful life is still not over. It estimated that these stranded assets are estimated as the lost revenues due to the suboptimal utilisation of coal based power generation assets as a result of shift to renewables. It pointed out that the stranded assets can have implications for the banking system depending on their exposure to the sector. It said that in a situation where the banking system is already facing a stressed assets problem, stranding of assets could have a considerable impact. The NPA ratio pertaining to electricity generation was around 5.9% from total advances (outstanding) of Rs 4,73,815 Cr. The total advances to coal sector were Rs 5,732 Cr with a NPA ratio of 19.8%.
Coal India to Halve Offer Under E-Auction Coal India has decided to halve its offer under e-auction from 300 million tonnes during 2016-17 to around 150 million tonnes this year, which will increase supply to fuel-starved power plants. Last year, the company managed to sell barely 100 million tonnes of 300 million tonnes offered in e-auctions. “We have already sold some 73 million tonnes of coal under e-auction and would now offer additional 77 million tonnes during the rest of the year,” said a senior Coal India executive. Before summer, power companies reduced their stocks considerably, trusting Coal India’s ability to supply when needed. However,
Coal India was unable to supply coal when demand
NTPC Set to Retire 25 Power Generating Units Thermal power generating giant NTPC is likely to retire 25 power generating units, totalling 2,390 Mw. The units, part of several plants such as Badarpur, Tanda, Talcher, Kanti and SAIL JV, etc, would soon turn older than 25 years and can’t be retrofitted to meet new emission norms. Out of the 25, 15 units are fully owned by NTPC and the rest are in joint venture, with states. In a presentation to its investors, NTPC said it has initiated emission mitigating work at 134 units, totalling 62,540 Mw. Emission mitigating work has
also been initiated at JV plants. The govt has revised emission standards for the thermal power sector climate change goals. The regulation covers all power plants of NTPC. NTPC has earmarked close to Rs 20,000 crore of capital expenditure to meet the new emission norms. NTPC officials said the cost of power production would increase by Rs 50 lakh per Mw. The current cost of power production is Rs 5 crore per Mw. This roughly translates into a 50-60 paisa increase in the final customer tariff.
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surged, leading to critical stock situation at many power plants. During the ongoing monsoon, heavy rains in several parts of the country disrupted supplies to power plants, which has declined from 20 days during the beginning of the year to about 12 days now. Coal demand from power companies usually rises after monsoon. Coal India has readied an e-auction calendar that specifies how much coal would be offered subsidiary wise in different months under different modes of e-auction and different modes of transport to power & non-power CoS.
NHPC's Kishanganga to Start Operations by Jan 2018 NHPC’s 330 MW Kishanganga hydel power plant is likely to be commissioned in six months while the 880 MW Parbati II hydro project will begin operations by October next year, Union power minister Piyush Goyal said. The two projects in J&K are scheduled to generate 4458.69 million units additional power once operational, he said in in a written reply to a question in Rajya Sabha. Goyal said 41 hydropower plants of above 25 MW capacity, aggregating to 11792.5 MW are under construction in the country. All these under construction projects are behind schedule due to various reasons including natural calamities, geological factors, delays in forest clearances and land acquisition and law and order problems, the minister said. He said implementation of the under construction hydropower projects is being monitored separately by the CEA, the Power Project Monitoring Panel (PPMP) set up by the ministry of power and independently by the ministry. Hydel power projects of central power sector undertakings are incorporated in the annual performance memorandum of understanding and the same are monitored during the quarterly performance review meetings of the CoS. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
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N ews of the Month
Indian Power Sector Seeing Low PLF: Assocham
The Indian power sector suffers from low capacity utilisation and the plant load factor (PLF) for power plants is estimated to remain low at around 62% until 2018-19, industry chamber Assocham said on Tuesday, citing its report. "India's energy sector is facing low capacity utilisation in power generation as
PLF is estimated to remain low at around 62% until 2018-19," Assocham said citing its joint study with ratings agency Crisil titled "Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code: Protecting stakeholders, improving ease of doing business". "However, operational performance of discoms remains a concern, besides intensive rural electrification in UP, Bihar & NE states also remained low." The study noted that while a number of reforms have been announced by the Centre, the execution of most remains a work-in-progress. Assocham said that while reforms under health, education and technological readiness are in the initial stage of implementation, those concerning macroeconomic
environment, infra and financial market development are in the middle stage. Reforms under goods market efficiency and institutions are in the advanced stage. On the macroeconomic front, the study said weak investments challenge sustainable growth and private investments are unlikely to pick up before 2019 owing to low PLF and weak balance sheets. It noted that concrete reform measures are still pending in the labour market. "Little progress has been seen in easing labour laws and absence of a uniform simplified labour law continues to deter investments in labour-intensive industries," the study said.
Panel to Monitor CIL Supply
CIL has set up a monitoring cell to track coal supply amid concerns of falling stocks at thermal power
plants. The public sector miner has also urged power producers, including NTPC, to optimise coal movement to its plants on the basis of the stock level. According to data from the CEA, actual stock at thermal plants across the country as of 31 Aug’17 was at nine days, lower than 12 days at the start of the month. At least 9 power plants had stocks of less than 4 days according to the CEA and many of these plants depend on the rail route to source coal. On an average the normative stock requirement ranges between 15 days and 20 days. As part of the monitoring plan, CIL will coordinate with the railways and power utilities to
New Power Minister to India
Raj Kumar Singh, the country's former home secretary and new Power & New and Renewable Energy Minister, keeping the momentum going for the massive reforms initiated by his predecessor, Piyush Goyal, would be an uphill task. Singh's new job will require him to keep pace with the ever-changing renewable energy technologies and updating policies accordingly. This was how Goyal used to work. India has
a target of producing 175 GW renewable energy by 2022. Under Goyal, India was adding solar capacity at a record pace. The country also dreams about running all cars on electricity in another eight years. These are not easy targets to achieve. He has spent almost his entire career as an administrator of security and social sector ministries. He got accolades for reforms in the road sector in his home state, Bihar, during his stint as Principal Secretary between 2006 and 2009. But there, most Infra was funded through the state's capital outlay and not private investors and his main job during the stint was to keep anti-social elements away, not to seek and facilitate investments.
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improve the supply to generating units facing critical stocks. The transportation of coal from mines to dispatch points and movement of rakes, crushing and weighing arrangements would be monitored in the CIL control room, manned by officers of the production and marketing department of the public sector miner. A combination of road and rail movement is being worked out to clear stocks from 5 of the 8 subsidiaries of CIL. At the same time, generation CoS, including NTPC, a major coal consumer, have been asked to optimise movement to plants with critical coal stock.
Power Dept To Install 70,000 Smart Meters In City The electricity department in Panaji, Goa will install 70,000 smart electricity meters in the jurisdiction of division-I, under Smart Panaji City initiative, on a pilot basis in the next 6 months. Meanwhile, GED Connect, an android mobile app for electricity consumers, aims at providing e-payment facility through mobile application to 6.17 lakhs consumers. It was also informed that around 1 Lakh electricity consumers have registered on mobile app. The app, which has been developed by RECPDCL and their technology partner Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd, has key features like access bill details, payment/consumption history from mobile device and pay your bill on the move besides facility of tracking complaint regarding power supply at the Call Centre. It will also provide notification through SMS for the planned shutdown and services once mobile number of consumers is registered on app. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
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N ews of the Month
NITI Aayog Survey Recommends Power Reforms
Reforming labour laws, boosting flexibility in their implementation and accelerating power sector reforms can enhance ease of doing business, according to the govt's policy think-tank NITI Aayog. It launched the Ease of Doing Business report based on an Enterprise
Survey of 3,500 manufacturing firms across all states and UTs. The survey was conducted along with the IDFC Institute, to assess the business regulations and enabling environment from the viewpoint of CoS. The report proposes reforms to facilitate doing business and creating a supportive ecosystem. The policy think-tank, in its report, put forth its recommendation for future reforms ranging from level playing field for small, large firms, improving CoS' access to finance to need to be better informed about policy changes. Firms in labourintensive sectors such as textiles, find compliance with labour-related regulations particularly arduous, the think tank said, adding that this leads to firms avoiding the labour-intensive sectors. Similarly, facilitating power sector reforms will ensure that power-intensive
CoS have access to steady and uninterrupted power without undue delays or regulatory burdens, it said. On an average, high-growth states report monthly power shortages that are ten hours less than those reported by low-growth states. However, action on power sector reforms would be dependent on respective states, NITI Aayog said, emphasizing on the fact that as India is increasingly becoming power surplus, states have the opportunity to use this to their advantage to lower electricity costs and making it available faster and more reliably by opening up the distribution sector for competition and improving their regulatory capacity. The survey shows that there is a wide gap between what enterprises know and what the govt officials say they have done to improve procedures related to various permits and clearances. Information should be communicated in a way that firms are aware of ways to ease the compliance burden of regulation, such as access to single clearance windows, and are able to yield substantial gains in productivity at relatively low costs, it suggested.
EVs to increase Power Sector’s Viability: Feedback Consulting The govt’s focus on transforming mobility through a shift to electric vehicle will increase the viability of India’s power sector which is witnessing a flat rise in demand, according to a research paper issued by Feedback Consulting, a leading research-based business consultancy in India. The EVs segment also has the capability to become an important contributor to ‘Make In India’ provided a possible challenge from China is addressed, the paper entitled “The Dilemma of Choosing EVs vs Hybrids vs IC based Auto Development in India” states. Terming ‘fuel
security’ and ‘reduction in carbon emission’ as strategic imperatives for India, the paper says, “A new source of power demand in terms of electric vehicles will be highly appreciated by the power sector. It may lead to a more stable power demand and that too from a paying customer segment over the years and increase the viability of the sector." The research undertaken by Feedback Consulting pointed out that most power plants have operated at an average capacity of 55% in the last 3-4 years. Power demand rose 4.08% in 2016-17 than a year ago whereas the 12th Five Year
Greenko Eyes Reliance Infra’s Mumbai Power Business For $2 Billion India’s leading renewables company Greenko is in talks with Anil Ambani-led Reliance Infra to acquire its Mumbai electricity business for an enterprise value of Rs 10,000-13,000 Cr ($1.75-2 billion), according to ET. The Mumbai business caters to 3 million customers, making it the country’s largest private sector integrated power utility, entailing 1800 mw of distribution along with generation facilities, besides over 1,000 km of underground network. The distribution franchise is nine decades old with the licence valid till August 2036. In Nov’15, R-Infra entered
into a non-binding pact to sell 49% stake in the business to Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSP Investments) of Canada. Those exclusive negotiations lapsed, following which the company engaged with other potential suitors, said sources in the know. Hong Kong-headquartered CLP has also held discussions with Reliance, said a company official on condition of anonymity, but Greenko is believed to be the frontrunner. However, no binding agreements have been signed yet, said the sources mentioned above.
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Plan had factored in a growth of 7% in demand, the paper says, adding, “This combined with an ambitious renewable energy targets and growth will lead to a serious case of oversupply and the viability of a crucial engine of the Indian economy, i.e. power sector, will be in serious question." The paper supports the govt for planning policy initiatives under the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 (NEMMP) and Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME).
30 MW Hydropower Project Greenlit by BHEL In what can be called as a huge boost to the power sector of Mizoram, BHEL announced that it has successfully commissioned the first unit of 2×30 MW Tuirial Hydro Electric Project in Mizoram. This is the first largerating hydro power project in the state of Mizoram. The greenfield project is being set up by the NEEPCO on the river Tuirial. The second unit of the project is also in advanced stages of execution. Power generation from Tuirial HEP will result in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and will contribute towards achieving a low carbon development path for the nation. The other hydro project of NEEPCO currently under execution by BHEL is the 4×150 MW Kameng HEP in Arunachal. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
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N ews of the Month
Industry Awaits Renewable Energy India Expo (REI) 2017
Global Interest, International Investments & Technology breakthroughs to mark the 11th epic edition of Asia’s leading Renewable Energy Expo by UBM India
REI 2017 at a glance: •
Asia’s leading Renewable Energy Expo by UBM India from September 20-22; 45 participating countries, over 750 exhibitors, 1,500 Delegates and estimated to attract over 30,000 Trade visitors • 3 - Day power packed conference – ‘Accelerating Momentum...From Ambition to Action’. Conference to highlight innovations, challenges and way forward • 3rd edition of Renewable Energy India Awards on 19th September: To recognize Innovation & Excellence in the Renewable Energy Industry After completing a successful decade of existence, the Renewable Energy India 2017 Expo (REI), hosted by UBM India, India’s leading exhibitions organiser is set to take place from 20th to 22nd September 2017 at the India Expo Center, Greater Noida. A flagship event, REI is the most reputed global platform where India’s green economy community including overseas participants will congregate to discuss industry trends, challenges and market insights including the Indian regulatory framework. The event aims to further upscale and mainstream the applications of renewable energy resources, showcase product launches, innovations and augment the forethought through the international exhibitions and conference platform. In its 11th edition, REI will see active participation from countries such as Japan, Germany, France, Poland, USA, Korea, China and Taiwan amongst host of other countries. It is supported by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA), NEDO Japan, Indo German Energy Forum ( IGEF ), Bloomberg New Energy Finance and Mercom Capital to name a few. The expo, certified by UFI, The Global Association 24 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
of the Exhibitions Industry and will see the presence of key dignitaries – Shri Anand Kumar, IAS, Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India; Shri Amitabh Kant, IAS, CEO, NITI AYOG, Government of India; Shri Upendra Tripathy, IAS, Interim Director General, International Solar Alliance (ISA); Mr. Justin Wu, Head of APAC, Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Singapore; Mr. Hans-Josef Fell, President of the Energy Watch Group (EWG) & Former Member of German Parliament; Mr. Naoki Tomotake, Director General International Affairs, NEDO, Japan; Mr. René Van Berkel, UNIDO Representative in India and Dr. Arunabha Ghosh, CEO, Council on Energy, Environment and Water(CEEW ) during the high profile Opening Ceremony of 20 September. Bringing together Manufacturers, EPC, and Service Provides, the expo will have over 750 exhibitors including companies like -- Adani Solar, Tata Power Solar, Azure Power, Sky Power, Canadian Solar, Huawei, Trina Solar, Jinko Solar, Siemens Gamesa, Vikram Solar, Waaree Energies, Mitsubishi, Delta Electronics, Panasonic, SMA, ABB, Kyocera, Sterling & Wilson, Mahindra Sustain, Applied Materials, POSCO, Fronious. amongst others. The show will feature country pavilions from Japan, China, Poland, France, Korea, Taiwan to name a few. A power packed three-day conference themed ‘Accelerating Momentum...From Ambition to Action’ will take place encompassing knowledge -rich sessions by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, International Solar Alliance ( ISA ) , UNIDO, Indo-German Energy Forum, MNRE – EU Technical Cell, Bloomberg New Energy Finance, PV Magazine, Skill Council for Green Jobs, and Mercom Capital . The highlights of the conference are ‘India: A Poster Child of Renewable Energy Sector’ which aims to outline key policy initiatives; ‘Skilling by Nations’ which will highlight how skilling is being integrated in the industry, impact of skilling and best practises; Sessions by Skill Council for Green Jobs and CEEW; ‘Surya Namaskar: Earn from the Sun’; ‘Rooftop PV Market Development in India’; ‘Winds of Tomorrow: Make in India’; ‘Driving operational excellence in solar and wind asset management’; ‘Micro Grids: Localising Utilities and maximising opportunities’; ‘Neighbourhood Energy: The role of block chain in the electricity system; ‘Smart Power for Smart Cities:
Pushing the envelope and ‘The Circular Economy: Finding convergence among the Swach Bharat and the Smart Cities Mission for waste to energy At this year’s REI Expo 2017 we will see new innovation’s like India’s first Mobile PV test lab on display by Mahindra Susten; Quality Round Table An interactive forum by PV Magazine, Germany; Solar Super Heroes by PV Magazine, Germany; Skill Competition for Solar Installers; Solar Design Challenge for EPCs and Developers; Master class by Enphase Energy, USA: To provide Installers and Engineering, Procurement and Construction companies (EPCs) with knowledge on innovations behind microinverter technologies and how micro-inverters are best suited for the Indian rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) market; CEO Roundtable and Finance Roundtable; ‘Advantage Telangana’, a seminar by the state of Telangana to attract potential investors and developers; ‘Advantage Rajasthan’ a seminar by the state of Rajasthan to attract potential investors, manufacturers and developers and Workshop on ‘Driving operational excellence in Solar & Wind asset management’ by 3E, Belgium and Wise Energy, UK. Speaking on the announcement of the 11th anniversary of Renewable Energy India, Mr. Yogesh Mudras, Managing Director, UBM India said, “The Indian solar sector is growing rapidly with a capacity addition of 4,765MW during H1 of 2017, according to a recent report. Rooftop solar is also showing a robust growth as solar power becomes increasingly more attractive with falling costs. Besides, India has recently moved up to the second spot from third position in this year's 'Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index', nudging past US. All this is acting as a huge pull for international investors and equipment suppliers. UBM India’s objective for the 2017 edition of REI Expo is “Accelerating the Momentum…….From Ambition to Action” being the theme of the show this year, and to bridge the gap between industry, Government & Investors.” He added, “In a nutshell, REI 2017 is a marquee event in this sector with multiple country participation, best of technology, cost effective solutions, participation of Industry leaders, various country delegation, top global brands exhibiting their product and solution offerings, and a content rich conference.” The trade show will also be preceded by the 3rd Renewable Energy India Awards, slated for 19th September, 2017 that aims to recognise the efforts, innovation, and excellence and promote the talent in the industry. The Awards will have an august audience of industry stalwarts competing under various categories from both manufacturing & implementing communities. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
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For the customer, one of the main advantages is the cost effectiveness of only paying for what they need at the time of purchase. The other main advantage is the flexibility of future upgrades to their existing equipment as needed for their evolving test requirements. The philosophy of upgradability covers many instrument types including signal analysers, signal generators and oscilloscopes. 26 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
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Top Trends in Test and Measurement Industry Test being used as a strategic asset for companies, through a transformation of a company’s test organization An emerging trend for electronics manufacturing companies is using product test for competitive differentiation. This has resulted in
elevating the test engineering function from a cost center to a strategic asset. This shift was confirmed by a recent global National Instrument (NI) survey of test engineering leaders who said their top goal over the next 1-2 years is to reorganize their test organization structures for increased efficiency. This
strategic realignment reduces the cost of quality & impacts a CoS financials by getting better products to market faster. Such a shift takes about 3-5 years before the full benefit is realized. When test engineering organizations become strategic assets, they create standard test platforms, develop valuable test-based intellectual property, deliver a more productive workforce while lowering operating costs, and align with the business objectives by continually contributing to better product margins, quality, and time to market. Reconfigurable instrumentation which can be adapted to new test needs and instrument substitutions Reconfigurable instruments will continue to find more mainstream applications as test engineers continue to look for creative ways to reduce test time and system cost. Along with being reconfigurable, NI expects test systems to continue to become more software-centric and ecosystem-based Communities of developers and integrators building on standard software platforms are using commercial off-the-shelf technology to extend the functionality of complex hardware into applications previously impossible. The level of productivity and collaboration delivered by softwarecentric ecosystems will have a profound effect on test system design. Managed test systems, including their system infrastructure, peripherals, hardware and software that can be managed remotely The media tends to focus on the consumer ‘internet of things,’ but thinking of a test system as an IoT device presents additional opportunities. Test is being driven by necessity due to new rules and regulations and applicability in new industries, such as the increasing demand for automotive hardware-in-the-loop testing and also demands from aerospace and defense for more test efficiency Though industry regulations provide a guide to ensure safety in embedded electronics, compliance with these regulations requires the thorough testing of embedded software across an exhaustive range of real-world scenarios. Developing and testing embedded software with an emphasis on quality can strain the balance of business needs such as short time to market, low test cost, and the ability to meet the technical requirements driven by customer demand for new features and product differentiation. All embedded system manufacturers face similar demands, but they cannot sacrifice quality when it comes to safety-critical applications. Buying an instrument used to be straightforward, in as much you specified what you wanted and then found equipment to meet that specification. Obviously, this defines the limitations of what that instrument can be used for, but T&M companies over more recent years have introduced ways
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to make their instruments both more affordable and more flexible. Instruments therefore became upgradeable, or scalable, to keep initial outlay to a minimum, while maximising the potential applications for that instrument. For the customer, one of the main advantages is the cost effectiveness of only paying for what they need at the time of purchase. The other main advantage is the flexibility of future upgrades to their existing equipment as needed for their evolving test requirements. The philosophy of upgradability covers many instrument types including signal analysers, signal generators and oscilloscopes. The wireless market is one area where customers can benefit from a flexible and scalable system. Here, the standards are constantly evolving and CoS helps its customers keep pace with these standards through measurement applications that can be supported using a customer's existing hardware solutions. Customers working on digital buses like USB or PCIe can also benefit by upgrading their existing instrumentation for new standards like the change from USB 2.0 to USB 3.0 or as they start working on other bus systems. The unlockable element is typically software. Measurement applications are usually software upgrades, while performance upgrades are either hardware or software. Clearly, there are limits to the cost that manufacturers can build into the equipment to provide future upgrade opportunities. Customer's design cycles are usually 12-18 months, but they typically buy new equipment every 5-7 years, so they have no idea what their next design will entail or what test equipment will be needed. The feedback we have received has been very favourable regarding purchasing what they need now and having the confidence that, as their requirements change, their equipment can be upgraded to meet their test needs. This is really becoming a customer expectation the ability to increase the performance of a scope and add functionality over time as their test needs change or their budget allows. Going down the route of planned or optional upgradeability is, therefore, a useful way of smoothing capital expenditure, but will it be more expensive to buy a piece of equipment and gradually release functions through upgrading and unlocking, than buying a fully specified piece of equipment in the first place? There are too many factors to take into account. Prices for upgrades versus buying an option with an initial purchase are either on par or a small uplift. Would a customer rather invest in a fully loaded instrument at the outset, or spread their capital investment over several pieces of equipment, or their investment over several years?
Automation
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cycle, regardless of software or hardware. Every piece of equipment that leaves a manufacturing facility or each software that goes live is checked and rechecked for bugs. However, there are still some problems at times. Ever wondered why? Testing is done in order to check if use cases work well with the equipment. However, in the case of manual testing, a person manually enters the inputs into the system and checks the output. Due to human involvement, exhaustive testing is not possible. More thorough testing could be done by automating the process. Create a test bench, code it for inputs, plug it in and you have a machine testing out the equipment for all possible use cases. Might not be as easy as it sounds, but it certainly is quicker.
Importance of automated testing: High testing
complexity with continuous daily tests of multiple application versions is just the beginning of the long list of use cases for automated testing. Regression cycle & test cases with a short test window of 40 hours for end-to-end testing further adds to it. If you had to manually enter inputs, for 40 hours on an end, you would probably have a lesser head of hair. Additionally, managing a team of testers spread across multiple environments including mobile devices, desktops, browsers and gaming consoles becomes a hassle when everybody is manually putting in no’s. HCL’s electronics device automation testing (eDAT) services deployment showed that customers achieved 90% reduction in test cycle time, per regression cycle. New devices can be added with minimal effort to a common framework of devices. It also reduces dependencies on human skill sets. Taking data transfer bus as an e.g, automation platforms make it simple to test multiple devices at a time. The same UI applies to different data buses like high-definition multimedia interface, peripheral component interconnect express or mobile industry processor interface physical layer specifications, which directly translates to productivity gains.
Automation is the trend: In testing any equipment,
it has to be connected to some other equipment that can be automated. This automation is turning to more of a graphical interface for ease of access to you. This is reflected in other T&M equipment as well. Test automation is maturing towards graphical user interface based test procedure implementation. Now, non programmers can also construct and configure test plans as per test requirements. A majority of measurement equipment, be it an oscilloscope/a multimeter, are moving towards integration and control via a computer or smartphone. The move to control equipment via computers has resulted in the involvement of automation software to access equipment as well. Another important trend is the modular architecture of the automation software. This brings efficiency by allowing you to reuse pre-written
code or write new software modules so that these can be re-used.
Easing it up with automated configuration: Since
most of the equipment is moving towards mobile control, calling for proper interfaces is important. Proper connectivity between test equipment and the computing device is very important. Several equipment call for installing specific drivers to get the system ready for work. This might go wrong in any number of steps.
Working with multiple scripting languages:
Support for multiple scripting languages is essential for acceptability of the test automation software. According to NI Automated Test Outlook 2016, a need for a single scripting language was pointed out. A newer approach to test system development that builds a heterogeneous system out of multiple languages, allowing a use of multiple systems that utilise the best of all languages to build powerful systems. An example would be to use Python for scripting validation, while C# could be used to develop an object-oriented interface for hardware. Since all languages are designed to tackle specific applications, using each to its strengths would ultimately save time and money. However, this comes with its own set of problems, as user understanding between different languages might become an issue at a later stage. Test departments are now turning to commercial off-the-shelf test management software to act as a Rosetta Stone of sorts between different languages. This way, each of you can turn to what you know best without having to worry about how to communicate with other portions of code. Test managers can take advantage of the full power of a heterogeneous design. All the different modules can be created in different languages, making maintenance and upgrades much easier. R&S Quickstep at present supports C#, .net, C++ and Python scripts in an attempt to make the tool usable across multiple languages. However, it brings along its own set of complications. Adding heterogeneous language support in a single software increases complexity, software dependencies and reduces portability.
Add-on software: INERTIA is a test automation
software designed as a software add-on for NI VeriStand to provide a seamless, integrated control solution for test-cell applications. INERTIA control add-on to NI VeriStand provides multi-mode PID support in developing a real-time software application for Ford. It allows control of a single loop to switch between temperature, pressure or flow mode dynamically as the system calls for it. With similar solutions, we can look forward to improvements in test automation. Test automation software uses add-on software in an encapsulated manner, and depending on the test plan, support for multithreading is an advantage when it comes to speed and efficiency. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
The automated future: With the introduction of
automation in testing, the past 20 or so years have seen a lot of advances in aiding humans. Additions in automation might have begun with adding connectivity among devices; however, increasing dependence on computers requires many new practices in place. The features of scripting through multiple languages in order to bring out the best person for the job are just the beginning. At this rate, we could very well look to a future where some glitch does not end up in your phone catching fire.
Smart Test Trends
Wireless connectivity and smartphone applications are driving the transition to smarter testing. Connectivity has improved with the availability of low-power and small form factor wireless communication modules that make it easy to integrate new wireless features into devices. Adding on a layer on top of this is the easy availability of access to these devices using everyday gadgets like smartphones, tablets or portable computers. This trend still continues today through the use of mobile devices and Cloud.
Enhancing productivity: While tethering a
data-acquisition device to a portable computer is nothing new, the powerful smartphones available today enable a lot more than mere monitoring. A spokesperson from the T&M industry had told us in a previous interview that Wi-Fi-enabled test instruments could very well become a standard in a few years time. Why? Communication of various instruments on a common platform via wireless connectivity enables remote operations, monitoring and logging of parameters, which help improve user productivity while testing. Today, there are many instruments available that come with integrated wireless connectivity features and enable collection and export of reports in multiple formats, including comma-separated values and PDFs. Wireless connectivity solutions on devices like Fluke’s CNX 3000 allow you to measure from multiple devices. There are also options to add Bluetooth functionality to test equipment by using adaptors such as U1117A from Keysight. Testo’s smart probes allow users to connect up to six smart probes at a time from a ||www.electricalmirror.net||
distance of 15 metres. Multiple readings available simultaneously allow troubleshooters to see cause and effects of tuning and changes done remotely. This greatly enhances the effectiveness of the engineer attempting to troubleshoot the device under test. FLIR’s DM93, too, features wireless functionality connecting two sets of devices - FLIR thermal cameras and mobile platforms - all via Bluetooth.
Remote measurement and control: Using
smartphone apps for test equipment is a very interesting concept. It essentially means that engineers with a phone in their pockets have the equivalent of, to put it in engineering parlance, a pocket-size human-machine interface. While Tektronix launched their Oscillo analyser back in 2013, newer apps now support the ability to load waveforms to a specific channel while these are away from an arbitrary waveform generator, or to even remotely connect to an oscilloscope. In 2016, Testo’s app took things further. It allows engineers to use their mobile devices as a remote control &measurement centre. This allows manually-driven operations to be controlled and viewed from the smartphone, thus making the process easier and reliable. We have already reached the stage of advanced communications and smartphone-app-enabled monitoring and control. The next step could very well be into automation of even more processes related to testing, so that test engineers can focus on only the intellectual challenges that arise.
Portable & Power-Efficient Power Analysers
The shift to handheld equipment has been going on for a long time. We now have handheld power supplies, multimeters and thermal imagers, among others. This is just one of the many changes test and measurement (T&M) equipment have undergone over the past few years. Low power consumption is another. In the process of developing and testing such equipment, power analysers have been very useful. So in this article, we take a look at some of their latest features. Traditional power meters were discrete products. Those were designed to test basic power parameters at a nominal accuracy. Most of these were designed for testing active average power and did not have high enough sampling rates or bandwidth to handle modern non-linear power-converter signals. Compared to those, recent power analysers offer much more. Today we have custom logging features, waveform, harmonics and trend graphs to address all modern power analysis needs. Power analysers offer insulated current input, measurement of harmonics, alternating and direct current (AC/DC), voltage, frequency, phaserotation, and idle, apparent and effective power measurements. Basically you get almost all the power measurements of the device under test from a single
piece of equipment, which is very convenient. Flexibility of testing 1-2-3-phase applications has also been an area of focus. You can perform testing in three-wire two-wattmeter method, four-wire three-wattmeter method or two-wire one-wattmeter method. Integrated software enhances application and flexibility of use, too. These equipment can measure accurately even at low power factors such as 0.1 with up to 0.1 % basic accuracy. Usage of 16-bit microcontrollers and 24-bit analogue-to-digital converters allows accuracy and calculation of voltage, current, power, power factor, crest factor, form factor and frequency. Apart from being used as energy-measuring devices, power analysers can also be used for network analysis and determination of harmonics & phase rotation. Incorporation of digital displays adds to the ease of use. PA900 from Vitrek delivers multi channel, wide-band performance and its coloured touchscreen user interface is easy to use.
Handling controls remotely: safety or ease:
Electronic circuitry is improving day by day. New materials are under research to overcome attenuation and loss issues in electronic devices. Specs are getting better, resulting in handing over more and more control to the user. Madhukar Tripathi, senior manager – marketing and channel sales, Anritsu India Pvt Ltd, highlights some of these controls as, “user settings to control measurement speeds and noise floor.” KM2200 from Kusam-Meco allows connection through local area network for remote control and measurement. Remote connections also have a safety angle. Better safe than sorry. Safety with electrical equipment has always been an issue. Equipment often blow up, either due to shorting or overload, causing personal injury and equipment damage. The good news, however, is that these misfortunes are avoidable. Some features are built in the system, like CAT rating requirements. Others are basic guidelines for safety. Connection of cable and antenna need special attention. These should not be too loose or tightly connected. After use, all cables and connectors must be kept safely, and caps should be used to cover connectors. This helps to save connectors and improve their life usage. Equipment capture data, while the computer processes it: On an average, T&M equipment cost a lot. These have to be calibrated at regular intervals, as well. Proper maintenance, usage and precautions add to the confusion for an improperly-trained professional. Certain steps have been taken in this regard recently, with a spread of over-the-air testing. Proper procedure still has to be followed, but testing gets easier. As a test engineer you can have your test results processed and ready for use. Analysis of test data through a computer by logging it directly into the system makes testing easier. Universal series bus (USB), LAN, general-purpose interface bus (GP-IB), RS232C
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are some of the remote connectivity options available with the latest equipment.
No need of unnecessary measurements: Traditional
power meters are broadband and have limited power ranges, so engineers and technicians are using spectrum analysers, which include many unneeded features, cost hundreds of thousands of dollars and take up half the test bench just to make simple, frequency based RF amplitude measurements. A long-standing trend has been to make the equipment and readings as easy as possible. It is important that the chosen equipment has a bandwidth and sampling rate that is at least ten times the highest frequency to be measured so that high-frequency signals are not filtered out.� This helps in high-frequency noise and harmonic content being taken into account while measuring root mean square values (RMS) and the actual heating effects of the signals. Powermaster from Anritsu is a portable, USB-powered millimeter-wave power analyser, which enables frequency based measurement of RF power from 9 kHz to 70 GHz with capabilities as low as -90dBm. All this is available in a USB-powered device slightly bigger than a smartphone. PA3000 from Tektronix allows for a one mega-cycle per second sampling rate and 1 MHz bandwidth, thus, helping high bandwidth to combat most power applications. There is also the option of injecting an external signal as a source of frequency where measured signals are extremely distorted and direct frequency detection is challenging.
Diverse application areas: Digital power analysers
are used to measure voltage, current, wattage, apparent power, frequency and power factor of any electrical and electronic appliance, compact fluorescent lamps, light emitting diode bulbs, transformers, fans, air-conditioners, motors, auto parts and so on. High-accuracy, true-RMS, digitalreadout and light-duty meters are used in general industrial maintenance, production, quality control and laboratories. Production and diagnostics in load industry as well as actuators and contractors is another area of application of power analysers. These serve as very efficient tools for increasing productivity and life 30 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
expectancy of load devices and machine analysis with load impact. With increasing focus on electric vehicles, energy consumption efficiency of quick chargers is an important measurement and evaluation criteria that is being sorted out by power analysers. 3390 from Hioki displays voltage, current, active power, apparent power, power factor, frequency, loss, efficiency, distortion factor and voltage imbalance rate (when measuring three voltages and three currents), all at the same time. Energy is one of the most precious resources. Design engineers are under constant pressure to increase efficiency and reduce power consumption down to the last milliwatt. Challenging programmes like light-emitting diode and high-intensity discharge lighting, solar panel energy output, efficiency testing on inverters and pulse-width modulation motor drive systems on electric vehicles, all require fast, precise and reliable power measurement. GPA62 from PCE allows energy measurement in symmetrically-loaded three-phase systems. Power analysers PCE-PA 8000, PCE-360 and PCE-830 support professional power and energy measurements in single- and threephase systems.
Benchtop versus handheld: With the shift to
handheld equipment, benchtop equipment were supposed to take a serious hit. However, Benchtop instrument will always remain the choice for lab (R&D) and production testing. Due to portability, handheld equipment can be taken out in the field and real-time tests can be performed more efficiently. With the added over-the-air functionality and use of computers for processing data, the ease has been significantly increased. May be, sometime in the future, the only thing you would need to take out in the field would be probes.
Touch-Screen, Wireless and Detachable
Displays
From general-purpose to high-end measurements, multimeters are widely-used tools. Today, there is an extensive variety of multimeters in the market, including ones with wireless capabilities and touchscreen interfaces to make measurements intuitive. In this article, we attempt to guide you in selecting the right multimeter for your needs. Also known as multitesters or volt-ohm meters, multimeters are offered by various T&M CoS in diverse form factors, from benchtop to handheld and clamped. These fit a large array of applications, such as industrial, educational or general-purpose measurement, to name a few. Whether you are looking to buy a new multimeter or a used one, it is important to understand the capabilities as well as performance of the device. Accuracy is an essential factor that could determine the choice of the multimeter you plan to settle for. Depending on your usage and application, there is a plethora of multimeters available in the market. Let us dive into how T&M vendors are improving these devices feature-wise, which will be followed by some important parameters that need to be considered before buying a multimeter. Along the way, we also highlight some of the latest entrants in multimeters. Trends in today’s multimeters-data logging and wireless connectivity: Increasingly, digital multimeters need to offer more multifunction capabilities to suit a wider scope of applications in today’s demanding measurement environments. Yet, the multimeter preferably needs to be more compact and lighter than before, and be able to deliver higher accuracy across a larger no of measurements, while continuing to offer safety, warranty and support. In recent years, data sharing is a key requirement, where users need to share a large amount of data quickly and accurately. Latest improvements in digital multimeters, which include addition of more useful functions, connectivity and higher safety levels, are making these more versatile. Multimeters these days are sturdier and electrically safe for the person handling these. Apart from the ruggedness, digital multimeters churn out a much better level of accuracy and resolution. Users can now be more sure about the readings obtained ||www.electricalmirror.net||
in their instruments. Multimeters also come with data logging and PC connectivity. This cuts down the task of manually writing down data or finding a place to store it. Nowadays, wireless connectivity is also increasingly being incorporated into multimeters. Industry experts feel that connectivity today is slowly becoming a part of multimeters. Apart from USBs, manufacturers are coming up with Wi-Fi-enabled multimeters. A year or two down the line, connectivity in multimeters will become standard. Connectivity is an imp feature for multimeters. Communication of various instruments on a common platform via wireless connectivity enables remote operations, monitoring and logging of parameters, thereby enhancing the productivity of the user. A multimeter normally does not show a waveform. Therefore in some multimeters, an oscilloscope is in-built for waveform analysis. These scopemeters (multimeters + oscilloscopes) generally offer 20 MHz to 25MHz bandwidth. Today’s multimeters use advanced microcontrollers or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to be able to support more functions accurately.
What is new in multimeters, feature-wise: Wireless
connectivity and data logging. Some T&M companies have launched next-generation wireless connectivity
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solutions for digital multimeters that let you measure over a greater expanse, quicker and trouble-free. For instance, Fluke’s CNX 3000 wireless multimeter allows you to access live measurements from three wireless modules, apart from the meter reading, from up to 20 metres away. This helps in seeing cause and effect in a chain of events, interactions between inputs/outputs or other measurement points, remotely as well as simultaneously. In the case of Keysight’s U1200 series digital multimeters, a user can add Bluetooth connectivity by attaching U1117A IR-to-Bluetooth adaptor to the IR port, and U1115A remote-logging display can be used to view and log test measurements with an extended range of up to 100 metres. Yokogawa’s TY series of multimeters have data logging capabilities that enable the user with hands-free data storage and provides online graphical plots as well.
Touch-screen interface: Slowly, vendors are starting
to incorporate a touch-screen user interface to their T&M equipment. Be it oscilloscopes or digital multimeters, touch-screen is slowly trickling down to T&M tools with the aim of making these more intuitive, interesting and easy to learn for users. Claimed to be the first in a new class of digital multimeters, DMM7510 from Keithley Instruments is an integration of 1MS/sec, 18-bit digitiser for waveform capture, 12.7cm (5-inch)
capacitive touch-screen display and, of course, a digital multimeter with resolution levels ranging from 3½ to 7½ digits. The touch interface allows you to set up test faster and view results numerically as well as graphically on the screen with the ability to pan, pinch and zoom the waveform or signals, making high interaction with the data possible. DMM 7510 aids engineers to capture small signals at greater accuracy and pace in comparison to traditional digital multimeters currently in the market. Engineers get an in-depth understanding of their devices under test. To enhance low-level accuracy, this multimeter has expanded measurement ranges (100 mV, 1Ω and 10µA). DMM7510 looks to address a wide range of test applications, including device characterisation, debugging and analysis, production or automated test, and applications in universities and research and development labs. Detachable display feature enables an engineer to take a clamp-on reading, be it voltage, current, resistance or capacitance, by making use of wireless technology and display of the multimeter, which is detachable. The user can record data from up to 9.1m (30-feet) away from the location of the test probes and meter body. This feature can be seen in Fluke’s 233 wireless digital multimeter.
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pecial Focus: Smart Grids
National Programs in the Fields of Smart Grids and Renewable Energy “Transform the Indian power sector into a secure, adaptive, sustainable and digitally enabled ecosystem that provides reliable and quality energy for all with active participation of stakeholders”-Smart Grid Vision for India Ministry of Power (MoP) in consultation with India Smart Grid Forum and India Smart Grid Task Force has formulated a smart grid vision and roadmap for India, aligned to MoP’s overarching objectives of “Access, Availability and Affordability of Power for All”. The GoI approved the establishment of a National smart grid mission (NSGM) in power sector to plan and monitor implementation of policies and programmes related to smart grid activities in India. It will have its own resources authority functional and financial autonomy. The total outlay proposed for NSGM activities till 2020 is Rs. 2400 Crore with a budgetary support of Rs. 800 Cr. NSGM project management unit (NPMU) housed in PGCIL will be the single point of contact for GoI’s views on smart grid. 12 smart grid pilot projects were sanctioned by MoP with 50% GoI grant amounting to US$ 29.56 million and 100% funding for Smart Grid Knowledge Centre for managing research and innovation activities in 2012. Subsequently, 3 full Smart Grid projects were also sanctioned in 2016 with 30% funding from MoP. In addition, the country strives to install 35 million smart meters by 2019. The following are some excerpts from ISGF report 2017.
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Ministry of Power, Gol Approved SG Pilot Projects
Pilot Projects: • AVVNL, Ajmer • APDCL, Assam • CESE, Karnataka • HPDEB, Himachal Pradesh • PEB, Pudcherry • PSPCL, Punjab • TSECL, Tripura • TSSPDCL, Telangana • UHBVN, Haryana • UGVCL, Gujarat • WBSEDCL, West Bengal • IIT Kanpur
Smart grid utilities require a variety of digital technologies such as analytics, mobility solutions and customer touch points. The distributed generation based on hybrid sources could provide a sustainable and cost effective power supply to the un-electrified pockets. Option of negotiating smart grid projects with the campus owner's (educational, special economic zones, industrial parks, etc.) is a viable market entry option for smaller CoS and company consortiums. Moreover, several large PPP smart grid projects present a true mega opportunity for the companies that already operate in the Indian market. ISGF, which is a PPP initiative is divided into working groups focused on specific areas: 1
Advanced Transmission System
2
Advanced Distribution System
3
Communications for Smart Grid
4
Metering
5
Consumption and Load Control
6
Policy and Regulations
7
Architecture and Design
8
Pilots and Business Models
9
Renewables and Microgrids
10
Cyber Security
TPDDL, previously NDPL, is a JV between Tata Power and Delhi govt. NDPL is among the earliest adopter of Smart Grid approach. They have collaborated with General Electric for using various Smart Grid approaches for efficient distribution of electricity. NDPL ||www.electricalmirror.net||
serves the NCR. HCL has partnered with Echelon for providing smart metering & network infra services. It has also roped in Oncor as a client for its Smart Grid infra services. Telvent recently announced that it is going to partner with L&T for Smart Grid Projects in Maharashtra. In India, KEMA is going to serve as knowledge partner to BESCOM for its Smart Grid project. POSOCO, a GoI Enterprise, is also implementing various projects on Synchro-phasors/ WAMCPS in India. Synchro-phasors/WAMS are the most essential part of Smart Grid at transmission level. A pilot project is already operational at NLDC with more than 60 PMUs already installed starting 2010 in the regional grids. The country felt large scale deployments of WAMCPS with PMUs at transmission grid, after its major grid disturbances on July 30 & 31, 2012. Under Unified Real Time Dynamic State Measurement project, the PGCIL is installing about 1700 PMUs covering all >=400 kV level substations & major generating stations for enhanced dynamic security monitoring and visualization of the system. Some of the analytics are being developed by IIT-B. In order to facilitate seamless integration of large scale deployment of RE’s and allowing power flow & power exchange through regional grids, a green transmission corridor is being developed by PGCIL in the country. Separate RE desks have been set up at RLDCs and such REMCs are to be co-located with the state, regional and national load centres as per the recommendation of a Technical Committee formed by MoP in Apr’16. This report also suggests measures required to address intermittency of RE sources in terms of flexible generation and balancing mechanism. Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS): Pan India Bassis • Placement of PMUs on 400 kV & above transmission Network, 220 kV & above generating S/s. • Wide area situational awareness, Wide area real time data to informed decision making, Mitigate wide area disturbances, Improve transmission copacity & reliability Integration of Variable generation from Rebewable sources • Green Energy Corridors - Under development (Rs. 15,236cr.) • GEC-II: Integrating scheme for Ultra Mega Solar Parks (Rs. 7,000 cr.) • Establishment of Renewable Energy Management Center (REMC) Forecasting and Scheduling of RE sources. Hybrid Network Development • comprehensive EHVAC & HVDC System for Fiexible operation & grid stability Dynamic Compensation • Installation of SVC, STATCOM Digital Substation & Substation Automation • Improved Reliability, Reduction in O&M Cost & Fast Restoration • Substation Automation (109 S/s) Remote Operation & Monitoring • Leading to virtual manning of substations • Better coordinated Operation • 104 S/s under remote operation form centralized location. others under pipeline
Green Business Certification Inc. (GBCI) and ISGF announced collaboration on sustainable power systems in India and Southeast Asia designed to accelerate market transformation of smart grid technologies and sustainable power systems in the region through GBCI’s PEER (Performance Excellence in Electricity Renewal) program. PEER is designed to measure and improve sustainable power system performance. Through PEER certification, power grids have an opportunity to gain a competitive advantage by differentiating their performance, documenting the value produced and demonstrating meaningful outcomes to accelerate transformation of the electricity sector in the market place. Under the U.S.-India Energy Dialogue, the Energy Department’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is promoting U.S. demand response technologies in India by supporting a partnership between the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), the Indian utility TPDDL, and Honeywell. The U.S.-India collaboration is demonstrating Demand Response (DR) technologies in a pilot program involving 167 buildings with more than 25 MW of enrolled peak load in the northern region of India’s capital, New Delhi. First of its kind in India, the field tests serve as a platform for evaluating technologies and suppliers’ capabilities, product specifications, determining consumer and utility benefits, and assessing regulatory readiness before rolling out detailed DR and Smart Grid plans in other utility territories and locations in India.
PACE-D: Under this flagship, U.S.-India bilateral
program Partnership to Advance Clean Energy Deployment, USAID supporting the Ministries of Power and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to boost the growth of clean energy in India. PACE-D program is successfully assisting the GoI in the deployment of energy efficient technologies and decentralized renewable energy systems, such as distributed solar power, by strengthening policy & regulatory institutions, increasing access to finance, and enhancing institutional & human capacity. USAIDPACE-D program is supporting NSGM-PMU (NPMU) for capacity building programs. PACE-D has supported one pilot project at AVVNL, Ajmer to demonstrate Smart Metering functionality by deploying 1000 meters.
PACE-R: Under Partnership for Advance Clean Energy
Research (PACE-R), US Department of Energy (DOE) and Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India have jointly agreed to fund smart grids and Energy Storage systems at a total cost of US $ 30 Million with matching govt and industrial contributions from both sides.
Smart Metering
Several govt initiatives and policies, such as R-APDRP and CEA guidelines, have paved the way for intelligent smart metering in the country. The current size of the energy metering market is approximately US$ ||www.electricalmirror.net||
340.82 million and it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8-10% over the next 4-5 years. Further, UDAY a scheme for operational & financial turnaround of DISCOMS and estimated to install 35 million smart meters by 2019. India exported over 400,000 of its electricity supply and production meters to Australia, followed by over 50,000 meters to Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and the United Arab Emirates. India’s imports of electricity supply and production meters were very limited less than 5,000 meters each from Hungary, Singapore, Indonesia, and China in 2012; by value, Germany and the United States were the leading foreign suppliers. Smart Cities Awas Yojna Mission (Smart City Mission) was launched by Prime Minister of India in June 2015. Smart Cities Mission is an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the GoI with a mission to develop 100 cities all over the country making them citizen friendly and sustainable. Smart meters are one of the areas identified by GoI in this mission. Implementation of FACTS & PMU for transmission grid is looked after by CTU and funded through their resources. Smart Metering / AMI immediate vision - UDSY Mandate 2017
2019
1.cr
3.5.cr
• Targets already assigned to states • Overall funding requirement - Rs 17150 cr @ Rs 4900 per node
Key Questions and Concerns:
• What should be the mode of funding for this investment? • will gains due to efficient, transparent, visible and clean system be sufficent to justify the investments?
Grid Modernization Efforts in India
Distribution Automation: Distribution Automation
(DA) refers to various automated control techniques that optimize the performance of power distribution networks by allowing individual devices to sense the operating conditions of the grid around them and make adjustments to improve the overall power flow & optimize performance. DA can be a critical component in outage prevention. The sensors and communications associated with DA can provide early detection of the devices that might not be working properly, thus allowing the utility to replace those devices before an outright failure occurs. DA is considered the core part of a smart grid, interacting with almost all other smart grid applications and making the grid more efficient and reliable. DA helps enable renewable energy (RE) by dynamically adjusting distribution controls to accommodate variability, power ramping and bidirectional power flows. At the heart
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pecial Focus: Smart Grids
of Distribution Automation is SCADA/DMS. Other key components of DA are: Sectionalizers, Reclosers, Fault Locators, Capacitor Banks, Remote Monitoring Units.
Substation Automation: Substation Automation
system (SAS) enables an electric utility to remotely monitor, control and coordinate the distribution components installed in the substation. SAS has been focused on automation functions such as monitoring, controlling, and collecting data inside the substation. The technology overcomes the challenges of long service interruptions due to several reasons such as equipment failures, lightning strikes, accidents and natural catastrophes, power disturbances and outages in substations. Substation automation system, which is the creation of a highly reliable, self-healing power system that rapidly responds to real time events with appropriate actions, ensures to maintain uninterrupted power services to the end users.
to a DCU/gateway/router/access point which in turn send aggregated data to the HES. The smart meter can also directly communicate with the HES using appropriate WAN appropriate technologies. The Meter Data Management System (MDMS) collects data from the HES and processes it before sharing with other IT applications. The key features that make a meter ‘smart’ are the addition of a communication module capable of two-way Machine to Machine (M2M) communications and a remote connect/disconnect switch. In-Home display (IHD) is a device kept in the consumer’s premises that could display meter data and get confirmation from the consumer regarding his/her participation in a demand response program. Hence consumers will become informed and conscious.
Geographical Information System: All electrical
assets mapped on a GIS map and all consumers indexed to that map is a very important tool for a utility to plan and manage their assets and operations. GIS map can be integrated with other automation and It applications in the utility which will help asset optimization and outage detection and faster restoration.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI): comprises
of Smart Meters Data Concentrator Units (DCUs)/ gateways/ routers/ access points, Head End System (HES), Meter Data Management System (MDMS) communicating over bi-directional {Wide Area Network (WAN), Neighbourhood Area Network (NAN)/ Field Area Network (FAN), Home Area Network (HAN)}. Multiple smart meters can connect 34 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
Demand Response: Demand response provides an ||www.electricalmirror.net||
additional source power to respond to the variability of the renewables. DR can be used to shift the load to off-peak periods when there is excess renewable energy generation or as a balancing tool available to power system operators for responding to renewable energy generation fluctuations. Two demand response mechanism are available to power grid operators and utilities : Price based: By varying the price of electricity over time to encourage consumers to shift their electricity usage. Time of day tariffs, Critical peak pricing and real time pricing are few of the mechanism. Incentive based: By providing financial compensation to participating customers who control their electricity consumption on request. Emergency demand response and direct load control are few of the incentive based demand response mechanism.
Outage Management System: Outage Management
System (OMS) provides the capability to efficiently identify and resolve outages and to generate and report valuable historical information. Geographic information System (GIS) based OMS will help to resolve customer complaints faster during power outages. OMS will enable quick identification of probable faulty locations (rather than the customer informing the utility first) and reduce the response time of customer complaints. OMS will work in conjunction with GIS, Customer Information System (CIS), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Field Management System (FMS) and automated call handling systems, such as an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system. OMS can be leveraged by other infrastructure and services providers in the city at marginal cost.
DT Monitoring System: Remote monitoring and
control of distribution transformers will prevent overloading, phase imbalance and burn outs. This will transform into huge financial savings taking into account the high technical losses that occur in the system owing to phase imbalance-one phase gets overloaded while other two phases are low on load: With monitoring systems in place the loads can be distributed to remove such imbalances on transformers. Also this will facilitate real time energy auditing of each feeders.
Mobile Crew Management System: Mobile
crew management system enables a utility to allot maintenance jobs to the crews in the field in real-time basis. In the traditional model, crew attending any work in the field will always return to their base station and then they will be dispatched to the next work. This way their productivity is reduced. With mobile crew management systems, the work will get allotted to the crew with required skills, tools and spare parts and nearest to the work location. In that scenario, from one work location to another work location they can quickly move, increasing their productivity multiple times. Also information on the type of fault ||www.electricalmirror.net||
is made available on their Mobile to support trouble shooting. Good mobile crew management applications will have real time scheduling engine.
Smart Street Lighting: Typical street lights using
sodium vapor lamps consume huge power. These are being replaced with LED lamps in many places. The saving from energy consumption will pay for the replacement cost in less than two years in most cases. The new LED lights can be remotely controlled – increase/decrease luminosity, on/off etc. The lights can be connected on GPRS, RF Mesh or Wi-Fi in the city for its remote operation. The newest trend is to install noise sensors and pollution sensors on the street light poles (cobra heads) which will leverage the same communication bandwidth to transmit the data to the control centers for monitoring noise and air pollution.
disasters and intended and unintended activities. Since physical assets are associated with the cyber space of a utility, cyber physical security completely defines the security paradigm of a utility. Dependency of the physical assets on the cyber assets (and vice versa), has prompted the utilities to inject resiliency and robustness into their grids.
Smart
Homes (HEMS/BEMS): BEMS/ HEMS-Computer based control system installed in buildings that controls and monitors the building’s mechanical and electrical equipment such as ventilation, lighting, power systems, fire systems, and security systems. Smart homes would offer monitoring and control of the electricity usage within the consumer premises. Aggregators or energy management systems would form the core of home automation by providing a means to efficiently consume electricity. In addition to a smart meter that would remotely connect and disconnect the supply, smart appliances would provide the energy consumption data to the consumer and the utility. The consumer could view the consumption data via an In-Home Display (IHD) device or via SMS, e-mail or by logging on to a consumer portal. Loads could also be remotely controlled via the aggregators or energy management systems. Benefits of Distributed Generation, Energy Storage Systems in Micro-grids: A study from
Electric Vehicles: Electric Vehicles (EV) are propelled
by electric motor & powered by a rechargeable battery. It can be recharged using an external power source often called as Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE). The most serious concern utilities have is controlling when EV load is applied to their grid. A high percentage of consumers will instinctively charge their EVs when they get home from work. The absence of load management would likely have a destabilizing effect on the grid. Smart Grids would enable EV charging to be scheduled intelligently. It enable the storage capacity of the batteries in EVs to be used as a supplementary source of power at times of peak load Portion of the power available in those batteries could be fed back into the network during the peak time and the battery recharged during off peak time.
Cyber Security: The power sector is the critical
infrastructure of a nation and other sectors depend directly and indirectly on the power sector. CyberPhysical Security is protection of the assets (both hardware and software) from natural and manmade
FICCI reports that, companies across the country lost approximately INR 40,000 on an average per day during the blackout on July 30 and 31 of the year 2012. When a power failure occurs in the utility grid or the power quality requisites are not satisfied, the micro-grid will disconnect from the utility grid and start to operate in islanded mode. Then the instant power shortfall, can be compensated by distributed generation and energy storage system boost. Combining energy storage with renewables can buffer the power output by storing surplus energy during high availability and re-dispatching it while there is power shortage, helping high penetration of renewables into the micro-grid. ESS facilitates optimized operation of the power sources within a microgrid. India follows a time of use approach for setting up the tariff for power usage in peak and off-peak hours. The spread between the peak and off-peak prices provides an opportunity for resources that can economically store energy for hours or days. So, arbitrage can easily be attained in a micro-grid with energy storage asset. Given the price of ESS technologies and the overall system cost, it is very strenuous presently to establish an economic justification for the utilities to store energy with ESS during off-peak hours and supply power during peak hours. Smooth power transition can be attained with energy storage system in place, when some DG units operate abnormally within a microgrid. As most power sources in micro-grid experience
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pecial Focus: Smart Grids relatively long response time, energy storage is an ideal substitute to provide a smooth transition resulting in improved reliability and efficiency. A micro-grid must comply with strict power quality requisites when being integrated into the utility grid, to maintain the high power factor and suppress any harmonics distortion, etc. Being controlled by power electronic-based interfaces, energy storage system acts as a power quality regulator to output specified active or reactive power from customers. Ancillary services generally cover load following, operational reserve, frequency regulation and fast response power plants. A micro-grid comprising of large distributed energy resources such as wind turbine and/or PV, may provide ancillary services with integration of large ESS. While there is surplus power in the micro-grid, net metering provides the micro-grid operators an appealing technique to earn through the installed system. Net Metering allows the micro-grid to sell surplus power to the grid and bank the power with utility, so that it can be used at later hours, when the micro-grid area needs it.
2008. R-APDRP basic building blocks of Smart Grids (2008). JNNSM with a target of 20 GW grid connected Solar Power by 2022 (2010). India Smart Grid Task Force and India Smart Grid Forum (2011). Smart Grid Pilot Projects allotted to 14 utilities in different states (2012). Smart Grid Vision and Roadmap for India (2013). National Smart Grid Mission (2015).
Energy Storage: Energy Storage will play a
significant role in meeting energy needs by improving the operating capabilities of the grid as well as mitigating infrastructure investments. ESS can address issues with the timing, transmission and dispatch of electricity, while also regulating the quality & reliability of the power generated by traditional and variable sources of power. It can also contribute to emergency preparedness. Energy storage technologies—such as pumped hydro, compressed air energy storage, various types of batteries, flywheels, electrochemical capacitors, etc. provide for multiple applications. Grid Modernization in India started with R-APDRP in
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Wayforward
India’s power sector market present conditions might require significant smart grid infra investment. It has one of the highest T&D loss rates in the world. In some states, the T&D loss rates exceed 50%, and
almost all states have loss rates above 15%. Most Indian utilities fail to achieve cost recovery, and smart grid investment will be an important tool for utilities to reduce losses and improve revenue collection and operational efficiency. India is projected to invest USD 44.9 billion smart metering, distribution automation, battery storage and other smart grid market segments over the next decade. This investment will help to reduce the country’s staggering 22.7% T&D loss rate. India represents what is arguably the best smart grid market opportunity among all emerging market countries. It has the second largest electricity consumer market size in the world. Unlike China, which has the largest, the Indian market will be open to international vendors, as stated in the central govt’s smart grid development strategy. This will create very significant market opportunities for the leading global players. Vendors from across Europe, North America, and Asia have already participated in small-scale pilots and grid upgrade projects, and have been linked with announcements of large-scale rollouts by Indian utilities that are upcoming in the next several years. The initiatives by the Indian govt has paved way for successful pilots of important Smart Grid projects by both Indian and International participants. The expected developments in cybersecurity standards from BIS and proposed large scale rollout of smart meter throughout India, emphasize the seriousness of the GoI in promoting Smart Grid developments. These developments are investor friendly and reduces the risk associated with the outlook of GoI and other ministries involved. The successful pilot projects can be taken as reference while deciding on investment prospects, while their implementation report will guide the investors on operational and financial risks identified. Presently, market sweet spots are to be exploited where minimum or no serious competitor exists.
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Ocus: LED & Lighting
Securing a Clean Energy Future: A Brief Review on LED Lighting Industry LED Lighting Industry – Global Scenario
Smart Cities Project: The GoI has envisioned a
goal to build 100 smart cities (renamed Smart Cities Mission) and rejuvenate another 500 cities in India. The govt is looking towards more energy efficient solutions to light up cities.
The global LED lighting market is forecasted to reach USD 42.7 billion by 2020 at a CAGR of 13.5% from 2014-2020. The fastest growing region is North America growing at a CAGR of 15.3% from 2014– 2020 closely followed by Latin American countries, Asia Pacific and Europe. LED lamps are expected to command ~20% share of the global lighting market by 2020. Among the LED types high brightness LED segment is expected to grow swiftly and continue to account for the highest market share, contributing over 60% of the total market revenue.
Make in India initiative: “Make in India” campaign
was launched in 2014 to attract investments in manufacturing in India. The campaign aims to develop India as a manufacturing hub, by eliminating redundant regulations and shortening bureaucratic processes. The initiative is expected to benefit the electronics industry as significant investments are expected in the next two to three years.
LED Lighting Industry – Indian Scenario
23.4% CAGR over 2015-20F. LEDs will account for 61.7% (up from 21% in 2014) of the overall lighting market in 2020. Primarily driven by govt's decision to switch to LED for all street lamps and public space lighting. As per the official estimates, Use of LEDs in households and public lighting could reduce energy consumption by 50% to 90%. It is expected that if 770 million incandescent bulbs sold in Indian households were switched to LEDs, the country could save 25 billion KWh of energy/year. PM Narendra Modi launched LED household and street lighting program, Prakash Path (way to light) on Jan. 5, 2015 which has led to adoption of LED efficient lighting systems.
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Extended Life: LEDs has extra-long lifespan, shining
on for years and even decades beyond traditional light sources. LEDs can survive up to three times longer than compact fluorescent, eight times longer than halogen, and a whopping 25 times longer than incandescent bulbs.
Govt Schemes: govt schemes like Ujala scheme,
Growth Drivers Demand-side drivers
Energy efficient: LEDs unique design makes them 90% more efficient than incandescent sources. At that rate, LEDs can significantly reduce annual home lighting energy bills to a very large extend as compare to other lighting.
Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme (DELP) and Street Light National Programme (SLNP) are strongly supporting the cause by distributing subsidized LEDs. The cost has been reduced to INR 250-300.
Supply-side drivers
Preferential Market Access (PMA): The GoI
launched PMA policy in 2013 to focus on giving preference to locally manufactured electronic products ||www.electricalmirror.net||
in govt procurement.
Electronic Development Fund (EDF): In December
2015, the GoI announced a special EDF worth INR100 billion to help develop an R&D ecosystem in electronics in India.
Modified Special Incentive Package Scheme (MSIPS): It provides capital subsidy of 20% in SEZ
(25% in non-SEZ) for units engaged in electronics manufacturing. In July 2015, the scheme was extended till 2020 and production subsidy at the rate of 10% of the production turnover (ex-factory) has been introduced for power semiconductors, OLEDs, LCD, LEDs, manufacturing of PCBs, fabrication of chip components.
Electronic Manufacturing Clusters (EMCs): The GoI
will provide financial assistance of up to 50% of the project cost (subject to a ceiling of INR 500 million for every 100 acres of land) for the development of greenfield EMCs, and 75% of the project cost (subject to a ceiling of INR 500 million) for brownfield EMCs.
Other govt initiatives
Subsidy halt on CFL to encourage LED-based solar lights: In Dec 2015, Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy stopped providing central financial assistance to CFL-based solar lighting system. The same will be available to LED-based solar lighting system, further increasing their affordability and adoption.
Phasing out of incandescent bulbs by 2020: The
Indian govt banned manufacturing of 100W ICL in 2015, in a major departure from usage of conventional light sources It has also decided to phase out 60W ICL in 2016, followed by 40W in 2017.
STAR rating plans for LED lighting: The Bureau of
Recessed Luminaries, Floor Luminaries, Table Lights, Night Lights, String Lights, Flood Lights & Spots, Camping Lights, and Street Lights.
HPL: Lamps, Spot Lights, Down Lights, COB Fixtures, Decorative Wall/Ceiling Lights, Tube Lights, Landscape Lights, commercial lights and street lights.
Wipro: Bulbs, Down Lights, Recess/Surface Mounted
Luminaires, Suspended Luminaires, Linear Lamps, Desk Lights, Batten Lights, Flexible Strip Lights, and Street Lights.
Bajaj: Bulbs, Down Lights, Spot Lights, Tube Lights,
Flexi Strips, Highbay Luminaires, Street Lights, Landscape Lights, and Flood Light. Eveready: Bulbs, Spot Lights, Down Lights and Deco Lights, Digi LED Torches, Ultra LED Torches.
SYSKA: Lamps, Tube Lights, Down Lights, Panel
Lights, Strip Lights, Multibox Lights, Track Lights, Moisture Proof Lights, Flood/Beam Lights, Hi-bay, Tunnel Lights, Industrial Lights, Portable Lights, Corn Lights, Street Lights, Garden Lights Black/White, Garden / Wall Lights, Parking Lights.
Oreva: Lamps, Night Lamps, Down Lights, Panel Lights, Spot Lights, Tube Lights, and Street Lights.
Moser Baer: Bulbs, Panel Lights, High Bay Lights, Street Lights, Down Lights and Tube Lights.
Surya: Lamps, Spot Lights, Battens, Decorative
luminaries, Down Lights, Strip Lights, Street lights, Facade lights, High-bays luminaries and Linear Lamps. Other emerging LED lighting companies in India are GE Lighting, Charlston, NTL Lemnis, Reiz Electro controls Pvt Ltd, MIC Electronics Ltd, Innovlite India Private Ltd, Sanarti Group, Goldwyn Ltd.
Energy Efficiency (BEE) is in the process of launching a STAR rating system indicating safety of the LED lights The increased compliance norms will arrest the dumping of Chinese sub-standard LEDs and will promote uptake of locally manufactured products.
Emerging LED Lighting Market driving towards Eco-Efficiency and Low-carbon Trajectory Key players in Indian LED market
Philips: Bulbs, Wall Lights, Ceiling Lights, Tube
Lights, Spot Lights, Down lights, Desk/Table Lights, Suspension Lights and Decor Lights.
Osram: Lamps, Spot Lights, Tube Lights, Pendant
Luminaries, Wall Luminaries, Ceiling Luminaries, Batten Luminaries, Deco Lights, Under Cabinet Lights, ||www.electricalmirror.net||
An energy revolution akin to the Green and White revolutions that occurred few years ago altering the agriculture and dairy sectors, is the need of the hour in India. And, Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting will be at the heart of such a revolution. Mandatory norms of energy efficiency for new buildings/facilities, incentive support for energy efficient projects, Integrated Lighting Management Systems (ILMS)
for street lighting, and phasing out of energy-guzzling lighting products could trigger an energy-efficiency revolution in India. The LED lighting market in India is at a nascent stage and these lighting systems are yet to make inroads into the market, which is currently dominated by compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and T5 fluorescent lamps (T-FL). Poor penetration is due to high upfront cost of LED lighting systems, absence of standards, testing, measurement and verification protocols, and low level of awareness. LED lighting systems are anticipated to play significant role in reducing India's overall energy requirements. Energy consumption can be reduced by usage of LED lighting for street lighting, in conjunction with ILMS. Implementing energy saving performance contracts (ESPC) for residential and commercial segments and integrating LED lighting controls and systems with building management systems will further lower energy costs of a building. Some LED lighting suppliers are bundling ESPC services along with their lighting products and energy-saving solutions, to diversify their revenue stream. Current policies on energy efficiency might become redundant considering the construction sector's growth rate in India. The construction market is booming again and has been forecast to increase from USD 100 billion in 2010 to USD 154 billion by 2015, and USD 500 billion by 2025. Investments in green buildings are projected to increase to USD 30 billion by 2015. Currently, seven mega cities are proposed to be built along the 1,500-km long DelhiMumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) with the help of Japanese govt and Japanese corporations such as Matsushita, Hitachi, and Mitsubishi. A total of 24 mega cities have been planned - along the line of states like Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra - with the seven proposed cities to be completed by 2018-19 in the first phase. The whole DMIC project cost is estimated at USD 90 billion. Prices of LED lighting systems have fallen by more than 30% in the past 2-3 years due to increasing adoption and manuf. tech. improvements. Mass commercialization and acceptance will lead to a further fall in prices, which will make these products more affordable for commercial segments as well as low and middle-income households in the residential segment. With 20 percent of electricity consumption in a building attributed to lighting systems, there is indeed a great potential for LED lighting to gain prominence in India. One of the major schemes that the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is implementing during the 11th Five Year Plan (FYP) (2007-12) includes - Bachat Lamp Yojana, an ongoing program to promote energy efficient and high-quality CFLs as replacement for incandescent bulbs. Going forward, in the 12th and 13th FYPs, the govt must make efforts to replace these CFLs with LEDs. Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), which sets minimum energy
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Ocus: LED & Lighting performance standards for new commercial buildings, has stipulated energy use of 110 kWh/m2/year as against the national benchmark of 180 kWh/m2/year. BEE is also targeting to reduce energy consumption by municipal street lighting systems, which currently adopt energy-guzzling lamps. The Indian market is highly driven by the principle of value for money. Offerings in future will be aimed at providing better quality and durable LEDs at low prices. The LED market in India was completely import-dependent in the past. However, few companies in India are now entering into joint ventures with foreign companies. Cheap imports from China, Taiwan, and Korea by distributors and dealers have been found to be of poor quality that has hurt the confidence of genuine users. Absence of regulations and standards form a conducive market environment for such unorganized sectors to thrive. Today, India being a growing market for LEDs, many overseas companies are setting up manufacturing plants to cater to the growing needs of commercial, municipal (street lighting), and residential customers. Cities of the future will most certainly witness dramatic changes in urban planning. It is thus imperative to incorporate smart concepts and greater information technology (IT) usage to monitor usage, reduce leaks/slippages, and aid in efficient delivery mechanism through effective demand management. This means that going forward, lighting companies would have to work in sync with software companies, and energy service companies (ESCOs), building management solution providers, and public agencies/urban local bodies, to bring various "smart" concepts to fruition.
Securing a Clean Energy Future
The world’s most developed nation, the US, is moving back towards fossil fuels such as coal under President Donald Trump while an emerging nation, India, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, is going all out to adopt clean energy, including solar-powered LEDs. That is a story in itself. Consider India’s saga. The world’s 4th largest consumer and 3rd largest producer of electricity. Around 67% of the power presently produced in the country is derived from fossil fuels and is contributing to a huge carbon footprint. Since total electrification in India stands at 81% only, bridging the gap between demand and supply lies in making the demand side more energy efficient. The central govt has clearly grasped this truth. Therefore, it is taking multiple measures, including investing heavily in switching from conventional but inefficient tube lights and Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) to energy-efficient LED Lights. Though this may seem like the usual change after a new product emerges, it’s more than that. Given the benefits of LEDs, it’s akin to a revolutionary change. Take the general 40 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
nature of LEDs. As solid-state bulbs, they can endure vibrations, bumps, voltage fluctuations etc much more efficiently than conventional lights. While the latter would fuse, LEDs continue shining brightly. Thanks to these qualities of LEDs, regular maintenance is minimal or unnecessary. Where conventional lights need a standard voltage supply of 240 volts, LEDs can function on a 100-to-400 voltage range. Due to such incredible efficiency and endurance, the govt has been promoting LED Lights via Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) – a joint venture between the Ministry of Power and public sector units tasked with the responsibility of replacing conventional bulbs with LED lights in households as well as street-lighting applications. In seeking to promote this initiative on fast track, the govt has even allowed EESL to work with private CoS. The USP of LEDs, energy efficiency, has emerged as a new focus area for the govt as it seeks to provide ‘Power for All’ without increasing its carbon trail proportionately. According to industry estimates, the energy-efficiency market is pegged at Rs 74,000 crore. Yet, barely 5% of this has been penetrated. Consequently, EESL is working on the concept of performance contracting, which is undertaken by ESCOs or Energy Service Companies in order to combat the hurdles hindering the large-scale implementation of energy-efficiency projects. EESL is a JV of power utilities such as NTPC, REC, PFC and POWERGRID, which seek to promote energy-efficient projects through the ESCO model. In partnership with private LED manufacturers, EESL has reduced the costs of LED lights by as much as 85% within three years,
leading to the lowest prices for LEDs worldwide.
GOI's Street Lighting National Programme
But a single solution is insufficient to fulfill the GoI’s goal of ‘Power for All’ by 2022. This means delivering power to all citizens in India, not just people in urban areas. An innovative approach would be to make cities as well as villages within the country largely self-sufficient in power generation and consumption. Here, solar power generation could lead the way because it eliminates the need for towns or villages to be connected via the grid and holds the key to faster implementation of ‘Power for All’ mission. It also eliminates the need for investing heavily in large power plants and massive distribution networks that require immense amounts of time and capital. Also, there are no high maintenance costs involved. Accordingly, the govt has conceived the ‘Atal Jyoti Yojana’ scheme (AJAY) under which a major thrust has been given to solar street lighting. The implementation is being done through the MPLADS (Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme) fund, which has an annual allocation of Rs 5 crore for works undertaken by an MP in his or her constituency. Once again, EESL has been roped in to launch this programme in a big way. The task of installing and managing the solar street lighting system for EESL is progressing well. Under this project, 40,000 solar street light systems are under installation in about 25 to 30 large cities and village constituencies in Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand. For a nation with more than 1.30 billion people, of which almost 300 million have lived without access to electricity for the
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last many decades, this could be one of the greatest achievements ever for the Nation. The GoI's Street Lighting National programme (SLNP) has illuminated 50,000 KM of Indian roads with installation of 30 lakh LED street lights across the country. With this milestone Energy Efficiency Services Limited, a GoI company under the administration of Ministry of Power, has become the world's largest street light management company. The installation of 30 lakh LED street lights has resulted in 39 crore kWh of annual energy savings, avoided capacity of over 104.19 MW to the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). Further it has also helped in reduction of 3.29 lakh tonnes of CO2 annually. Under SLNP, Rajasthan is leading the country with an installation of 7.85 lakh LED street lights followed by Andhra Pradesh & Gujarat with 6.03 lakhs & 5.4 lakhs respectively. Presently, EESL is retrofitting 15,000 conventional lights with LED streetlights/day. Project is near completion in the states of HP, Tripura and Gujarat. EESL is also implementing a special heritage lighting project in Kashi region of Uttar Pradesh where 4,000 lights are being installed. The program has also recently commenced in the cities of Chandigarh & Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Further, the procurement price of the LED Street Lights has been reduced from Rs. 135/watt to Rs. 80/watt due to mass procurement of the lights. EESL makes the entire upfront investment in installation of the Street Lights and no additional budget allocation from
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the Municipalities is required. Municipalities pay EESL from the savings in energy and maintenance cost over a 7-year period, making the LED lights affordable and accessible. EESL also undertakes social audits in ULBs where the project is under implementation and post the completion of the project. Few of the social audit results give a clear indication that the overall satisfaction level and the perception of safety among the citizens is extremely high from the newly installed LED street lights. EESL procurements conform to BIS specification & carry a 7-year warranty against technical defects. EESL conducts appropriate quality checks right from the bidding stage to the field level. This has resulted in the LEDs' overall technical fault being less than 2% in the 30 lakh lights installed by EESL in the country. EESL has maintained an uptime of 97% for all street lights across the country.
All Lights in India may be LED by 2019
According to Power Minister Piyush Goyal India will probably be the first country in the world to use LEDs for all lighting needs by 2019, which would help the nation save over Rs 40,000 crore a year. EESL in August 2017 inked pacts with oil marketing companies Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum for selling its LED bulbs, tubelights and fans at over 54,500 petrol pumps. The minister later clarified that all those consumer buying these products would not get EMI facility. The facility is being launched at petrol pumps in Delhi initially. In the first phase, distribution of energy efficient equipment will commence from
the states of Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The retailing of these products would eventually be done at all petrol pumps across the country. Oil Minister Dharmendra Pradhan said that petrol pumps would soon have common service centres (CSC) of the IT ministry. The CSC provides basic online services at one point including Aadhaar enrolment/ updation and payment of power and telephone bills. Pradhan said that since ATM, retail facilities are already available at petrol pumps, the CSCs would make the place one stop solution for day to day requirement of the commoners. As part of the MoU with OMCs, EESL will make the entire upfront investment for ensuring availability of the products at the outlets and no upfront capital cost will be borne by the OMCs barring manpower and space. The consumer can purchase high quality 9W LED bulbs for Rs 70, 20W LED tube light for Rs 220 and five-star rated ceiling fan for Rs 1,200. Currently, over 25.5 crore LED bulbs, over 30.6 lakh LED tube lights and around 11.5 lakh energy efficient fans have been distributed in the country under the UJALA scheme. This is leading to an annual energy savings of over 3,340 crore kWh and resulting in avoidance of over 6,725 MW of peak demand. Through the scheme the estimated cumulative cost reduction in bills of consumers annually, is over Rs 13,346 crore and is leading to reduction of approximately 2.7 crore tonnes of CO2 every year.
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Ocus: LED & Lighting
India Lighting Industry: SWOT analysis
India has been very successful in manufacturing CFL and this can be replicated in LED as well. Additional help in matching the incentives offered by some of our neighbouring countries (like China, Sri Lanka) for manufacture of LEDs is needed. Further, Indian manufacturing has potential to become more cost competitive vs. China with increasing labour costs in China compared to India, and a weakened INR vs. a strengthening CNY. Large volumes of low quality imports in recent years have affected consumer confidence in new technologies, thus increasing the need for quality-control on supply in the market. Additionally, customers have been using increasing amount of smart controls in lighting.
Strengths
• Huge demand forecasted for all types of lighting products, specially LED and CFLs, driven by increasing awareness and rural electrification. • Large distribution network, with a huge number of retail outlets. • Availability of huge manpower (skilled/ unskilled) • Availability of natural resources, except rare earth material. • Strong manufacturing capability and capacity for luminaires and light sources (GLS, CFL, FTL) which are ready for conversion to LEDs manufacturing plants.
Weakness
• The Indian lighting industry is less energy efficient compared to other countries; significant scope for improvement.
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• Low capability for domestic production of electronics; majority of value-add for Indian LED market is done outside of India. • Less Govt. support compared to global competitors like China, who has become a global manufacturing hub for LED/ Electrical components through a lot of government support. • Low R&D and Testing lab capability and Lack of skill development programs and institutions • No availability of rare earth materials • High cost of capital due to high interest rates • Low consumer confidence, due to poor quality products in the market • Low awareness among consumers about benefits of LEDs/ CFLs, consumers scared by the cost without understanding the benefits • Poor power quality condition, requiring products to have very strong specification • Weak logistics infrastructure • Inefficient & high transportation cost
Opportunity
• Huge potential to move LED and electronic component manufacturing to India. • India likely to become cost competitive vs. China on export of manufactured goods due to increasing and higher labour costs in China, and a strengthening Yuan, coupled with a weakening rupee. • Potential to move to greater automation in lighting (including dimmablity option) via a strict and mandatory Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC). This would also leverage India’s software skills for automation • Fast growing Indian infrastructure (projected to grow by 5-7% CAGR over next 5 years) • Scope for more environment friendly products and their disposal • Generation of employment opportunities • LED demand generation supported by various government initiatives like with JNN Solar Mission, DeitY Electronic Policy, Rural Electrification • Potential to create greater demand for LEDs/
CFLs via ban of inefficient Halogen lamps
Threats
• Low quality, cheap imports (e.g. from China) flooding the market and competing with locally manufactured product. • Oversupply of LED manufacturing capacity in future years, leading to risk of dumping of products in India, threatening the local industry • Disruptive technological changes which could take time and money for adoption by local manufacturing plants. • Adoption of Global Protectionist Policy by many countries, closing out the option of exporting locally manufactured products. • Forex volatility, leading to volatility in cost of raw materials for LEDs, most of which are imported today.
Expected Future Trends
Technology: LED lighting becoming increasingly
popular due to decreasing price and increasing awareness about benefits. Continuously developing newer technology and applications for LEDs which are even more energy efficient (Lumen/Watt increasing) and cost efficient ($/Lumen decreasing). Increased use of controllers with >70% of Luminaires likely to have controllers in the future.
Consumer preferences: Luminaires preferred
over basic lighting fixture. Smart control software becoming popular (for occupancy, dimming, security and monitoring, etc.) to save power.
Global Competition: Rise of other Asian countries
as manufacturing hubs, increasing competition for Indian manufacturers. Many global countries want to shift manufacturing to India in order to diversify their manufacturing base (e.g. Japan, Europe).
Regulation: Stricter regulations for quantity of
mercury in CFL and FTL, as well as for proper end of life disposal for CFLs/ FTLs. Mandatory standards for LED, Luminaires and controls. Shift to LED for most public lighting applications (e.g. national highways, street lights, parks, etc.). Countries across the globe are beginning to ban inefficient incandescent lamps in residential lighting; opportunity for India to do the same, in phased manner.
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Case Study of The Month
Er P.K.Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as Asst. General Manager (Elect) in E & MR Division, Bhubaneswar- Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems. He is having 25 years of technical experience in Designing, Testing and Commissioning of Protection Control and operational Schemes, project Implementation, co-ordination, operations & maintenance of Electrical Equipments at various LT/ HT/ EHT level Grid Sub- Stations. He has also published around 70 technical papers in different national/international seminars/journals. ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in
VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd‌. 1. Introduction: For the last few months, the response
of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronisation of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station.
2.1. Problem on CT injection: One of the newly
replaced CT and connected with its conductors in the circuit, was not getting injected with current supply.
Actual Observation with Analysis:
a. 33 KV CT was installed in the circuit and got connected with its conductor. b. The current injection was attempted to check the protection circuit, connected to this CT. c. But it was observed with no current injection from the kit. d. The kit was tested and found OK.
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e. The CT was disconnected from the circuit and injected on direct connection from the KIT. This time it was observed with injection of the current. f. Again the conductors were connected and attempted for the injection from the KIT. Similar condition was found with non-injection of current from the kit. g. So it was suspected upon the connection of the clamp and its tightness. So the bolts were tightened again and current injection was attempted but found with similar condition. h. Now the clamp was opened and investigated. i. It was found with connection of clamps without bi-metallic strip between clamp and stud of the CT at one end. j. So the bi-metallic strip was connected. k. Then the injection to the CT was attempted and now found with no problem. l. The injection was observed as per the requirement.
Recommendation:
It is always recommended to use Bi-metallic washer or ring spacer to maintain tightness for and conductor
jumper connection on any stud.
2.2: Burning of Breaker Auxiliary Contacts: This
was demanded by a customer to reduce the tripping time of a breaker and accordingly the manufacturer supplied the higher rating coil of 1300 watts from 220 volt system. So it was observed with the sparking and burning of the breaker auxiliary contacts.
Actual observation:
1. During the testing of the breaker tripping time, it was observed with the time of 85-90 mSec. 2. So the customer demanded for this time to be reduced to below 50 mSEC. 3. So the manufacturer attempted the concept of using higher rating coil of 1300 watts. So current drawal by the coil could be more and quick action shall result the earlier tripping of the coil. 4. But this time it was observed with heavy spark on the auxiliary contacts and intermittent burning of the contacts. 5. So the next recommendation was to change the design of the auxiliary contact with use of lower rating coil of 600 watt.
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6. The problem was solved and tripping time becomes 40- 50 mSec with no burning of auxiliary contacts.
Analysis:
1. The use of 1300 watts coil shall cause the flow of higher current in the system and on calculation, it is found with the value of current as 1300 watt/ 220Volt= 5.90 Amp, and resistance of the coil is 220/5.9 = 37.5 Ohm. 2. So for the case of higher voltage application, this current even rises more than that of calculated current. 3. The auxiliary contact allows this current during changeover of its position from normally open to normally close or vice versa. So due to sparking and ionization of the surrounding air medium, burning may cause, depending the flow of the current through it. 4. So any current beyond 2 Amprer to cause flow the auxiliary contact is not advisable to design. So suitable coil of res approx 120~190 ohm, with max 500 watt may be suitable for the circuit. 5. So the design was changed to cause the current flow to reduce less than the allowable value.
Recommendation:
The operating mechanism of breaker should have coil resistance value to be 120~220 ohm for 220 Volt system.
2.3 Noise in the Transformer: During the initial
commissioning of a 765/400kV, 3x500MVA transformer bank, it was observed with Noise in the transformer even with the load of 150- 200 MVA Load. But this noise vanishes in due course.
Actual observation:
1. This 3x500MVA transformer bank was enrgised with voltage of 765 KV. 2. The noise at the time of energisation was ignored as it happens in general. 3. But when it was loaded of 150- 200 MVA, the noise level persisted few days. 4. When the second bank was charged, the noise was alternately transferred. 5. But the same was vanished after few days of remaining in parallel mode.
Analysis:
1. When the transformer bank was charged, due to initial inrush current, the noise level becomes prominent and as the magnetic circuit is of big volume this takes time to subside. 2. But when the second transformer was charged, the sympathetic inrush due to availability of another transformer in parallel, the noise
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level again rises and alternates due to its current flow in the system. 3. But when these banks remain in charged condition for few days, the effect was reduced due to settle of the magnetic path and noise got reduced. 4. But the impact of flux also causes the development of noise level in the transformer. This flux availability depends upon the application voltage with respect to frequency. The factor V/f shall cause the development of flux. 5. So during running condition if it is being found with abnormal V/f factor, then noise level may also go high.
Recommendation:
1. So it is always advisable to use CSD for higher voltage rating transformer for closing of the equipment at peak point of sinusoidal supply. 2. Over fluxing monitoring relay to be used for isolation of this device during abnormal factor of V/f value.
2.4. Intermittent tripping of Transformer in Earth Fault: One 3.15 MVA, 33/11KV power transformer
was commissioned successfully. Outgoing feeders were also charged with 11 KV VCB in the circuit. The protection to the transformer was provided with H.G. Fuse protection on 33KV side and with a 11KV VCB on 11KV side of PTR.
Observations:
1. Later on one more 11KV VCB was erected and commissioned to extend power supply to 2nos DTrs out side hospital. 2. After connecting out side DTrs to this SS, with in 3months,the 11KV feeder breaker connected to DTrs tripped thrice on earth fault indications. At the time of third tripping Main Buรงholtz relay also acted . 3. On checking the relay it was observed that gas was collected in the relay. The PTR was also tested and found to have failed. 4. As the failure was within guarantee period the DTR was opened in the presence of manufacturer. The core and winding lifted from the tank and kept aside and inspected the same. It was found that a lengthy bolt was resting on the bottom core fixing channel. one end on channel and the other end on the bottom of the HV winding (33KV delta) where the paper insulation found burnt. 5. It was one out of the three bolts used for fixing top yoke to channels. Two were in position. One fallen to bottom channel. We got the tank and winding internal searched thoroughly. No nuts, no lock washers.
6. It was inferred that DURING MANUFACTURING PROCESS THIS BOLT WAS KEPT IN POSITION AND FIXING NUTS etc was forgotten to provide.
Analysis:
So during first two earth faults the bolt got displaced and during third tripping bolt has fallen down and 33KV delta winding insulation failed.
Recommendation:
1. Three stage of inspection has to be done for the DTR 1. Material --winding, core, insulation materials inspection. Tank, Radiators, Instruments, protective devices checking. 2. After assembling core and winding before keeping in heating chamber through inspection of core and winding. 3. when the PTR is ready for delivery acceptance tests
Note: This case has been collected from the experience of Er Surya Prakas Rao, Retd Chief Engineers of APTRANSCO.
2.5: Tripping of Bucholtz relay for fault on outgoing feeder: One 8MVA, 33/11KV power
transformer was tripping on Bucholtz relay indication. But on checking it was observed with no gas in the relay. This incident was resulting during the case of each time heavy fault on the outgoing feeder.
Action Taken:
1. The PTR was availed with shutdown for through checking of the relay and its scheme. 2. It was observed alright in all respect and again the system was charged. 3. But after few days again similar incident got repeated with tripping on Bucholtz relay. 4. This time the transformer was inspected by lifting of the core and winding. 5. It was observed that this PTR was provided with Vent pipe with two diaphragms one at bottom and the other at the end. 6. The bottom one was found to have punctuated completely in to pieces. 7. The bottom diaphragm was replaced and the transformer was taken into service and found alright with no further tripping.
Analysis:
1. The use of vent pipe with two diaphragm one at bottom and other at top has the function to cause spilling of heavy inrush of oil without the damage of the tank. 2. Due to splitting of this bottom diaphragm, during heavy fault condition, sudden oil level rise in the system might have cause the surge
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Case Case Study Study of of The Month The Month of oil from conservator towards main tank or vice versa depending upon the oil pressure. 3. So the float being of mercury type in the Bucholtz relay might have caused the actuation and tripping of the PTR. 4. After tripping and again adjustment of oil level this relay may cause the total filling of the oil with no gas deposition. 5. So when bottom diaphragm was replaced the abnormal oil surge in the vent pipe got reduced and problem was solved.
2.6: Tripping of transformer on Bucholtz relay:
During the observation of earthquake, it was found with tripping of two transformers on Buchholtz relay indication only and another one tripped on Over Current feature.
Observations:
1. On checking it was found with no gas deposition on BUCHOLTZ relays, which actuated and caused the tripping. 2. But these relays were being provided with mercury floats. 3. The transformer which tripped on Over current was found with Bucholtz relay of REED contacts.
Analysis:
1. During earthquake, the vibration of the
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transformer and the oil inside the transformer along with bucholtz relay might have caused the vibration of the mercury float and touched the tripping contacts of the relay and final tripping of the transformers. 2. The other transformer being provided with REED type contact has no relation with vibration and float available. So this one did not trip on Bucholtz relay. But after tripping of the available two transformers, the third one being over loaded got tripped on Over current feature, causing the total outage of the power system.
Recommendation:
So the bucholtz relay should be avoided with the use of mercury float contacts and best one is to use REED type contacts.
2.6 Tripping of 33 KV feeder on E/F relay indication: After successful commissioning of the 33
KV feeder, the feeder was loaded successfully. After few months, due to close in earth fault in the line, this feeder was tripped successfully and cleared the fault. But after that this feeder on charging did not stand and tripped on current to attain of 20 % on earth fault indication.
Observations:
1. The physical wiring from CT console box to relay terminal was checked and found with alright connection. 2. The secondary resistance was checked towards CT end and towards Relay panel end. 3. It was observed with OPENNESS of the secondary wire from CT to the CT secondary box. 4. On physical verification it was found with undersize wire of 22 gauge. 5. The other wire sizes were also checked and found with similar size of connection. 6. As it was not possible to replace the wire, the CT was replaced by a good one.
Analysis:
1. During heavy close in fault, the secondary wire of being undersized has caused the rise of heating on it and caused the blowing out of the wire. 2. So after that when the feeder was attempted with loading of the line was resulting the non-participation of the current by this faulty CT. 3. So final current was causing the unbalance in the system and tripping on E/F relay. The relay as used was of NON-DIRRECTIONAL type.
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Ocus: T & M Equipment
Test and Measurement Equipment Industry: India Outlook
T
est and measurement equipment are devices used for testing and measuring various electronic and mechanical products throughout their life cycle. These devices are used in the initial design, development, verification, maintenance, and repair of various electronic and mechanical products. Test and measurement equipment are used for testing and measuring in electronic devices such as cellphones, digital cameras, MP3 players, and solar inverters. Some of the mechanical products that have the use of test and measurement equipment include turbines, automotive car suspensions, and aircraft propulsion systems. Depending on end-user requirements, test and measurement equipment use can vary from simple to complex automated devices. Test and measurement equipment enhance the efficiency, reliability, and accuracy of electronic/
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mechanical products. Test and measurement is among the least glamorous categories in electronics, but the value of T&M is quite literally in the value of every other category in the field. If you can’t assure that what you’ve devised works, it’s not worth much. And if it doesn’t work? T&M is critical for discovering why it doesn’t work, and how to fix it. We’re using an expansive definition of “test” here. The classic definition of T&M includes oscilloscopes, optical time domain reflectometers, and the like, and you will find some of that equipment here. Every electronic item and every electronic system is subject to a wide range of tests that might involve anything from physical inspection to find defects (e.g., metrology), to product-level functional testing (e.g., ATE), to verifying functionality in a network
environment (interoperability tests, or interops). Here are some of the key innovations, and important trends — ongoing and incipient — in electronic test and measurement equipment: The Test and Measurement Equipment market in India to grow at a CAGR of 13.24 percent over the period 2015-2019. Test and measurement equipment are devices used for testing and measuring various electronic and mechanical products throughout their lifecycle. These devices are used in the initial design, development, verification, maintenance, and repair of various electronic and mechanical products. Test and measurement equipment are used for testing and measuring in electronic devices such as cellphones, digital cameras, MP3 players, and solar inverters. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
One key trend in the market is the need for compatibility of test equipment. The need for compatibility of test equipment is the main focus of T&M equipment vendors when developing new products. The continuously evolving technology has made the product lifecycle of T&M equipment short, thereby requiring new T&M equipment to test new technology. This has created a need for T&M vendors to develop new equipment capable of testing new technologies and also compatible with old technologies. According to the report, one of the main drivers in this market is the increase in R&D investment. Advantages such as high growth potential and relatively low manufacturing costs help to bring more technological innovations through continuous R&D. Further, the report states that one of the key challenges that the market faces is price sensitivity of consumers buying T&M equipment. Customers in the market are very price conscious and tend to purchase low-priced T&M equipment at the expense of quality and added features. The market for telecom test and measurement (T&M) equipment has grown over time, in tandem with the growth in the telecom sector. Moreover, the large scale roll-out of 4G services by operators has renewed interest in the T&M space. While this has opened up new avenues of growth, it has also brought in fresh challenges for the T&M industry. Industry experts share their views on the changing T&M requirements, emerging trends in this space, challenges faced by T&M players in India and the future outlook... T&M requirements have changed over time with the evolving standards in the telecom industry. The industry has witnessed unprecedented growth in the past two decades and with an increasing subscriber base, the deployment of next-generation technologies and unprecedented data traffic, network complexity has also increased. The proliferation of smartphones, tablets and phablets has led to an amazing growth in mobile data traffic. Moreover, with data-hungry applications such as video, cloud computing, social media and machine-to-machine (M2M) gaining popularity, an explosive data traffic growth is likely in the days to come. New technologies along with the multiple devices add more complexity to an already complex environment, necessitating the use of T&M equipment to optimise networks. The T&M requirements of the telecom industry are always driven by two considerations – performance and conformance of the equipment and systems to industry standards. Performance specifications are tested as per the manufacturer’s references and conformance parameters by the concerned standards. As the Indian telecom T&M industry is largely global in nature and local manufacturing of both terminal and network equipment is undertaken based on ||www.electricalmirror.net||
acquired technology, reference selling with big telecom manufacturers determines the local revenues. The emergence of new global players and technology providers requires customisation and automation on the T&M platform. For instance, recently a lot of assembly lines of handsets were established with the help of Asian companies. However, software defined networking and other network management softwares are still being sourced from the West. The key growth drivers of the T&M industry are the introduction of new telecom technologies, explosion of data/video services, roll-out of 4G services, new quality of service (QoS) demands resulting from the increase in call drops, conformity to radiation specifications, spectrum management, etc. The requirement for T&M products and solutions emerges at several stages of wireless communication, right from the design and development of wireless equipment to network deployment and service assurance. In recent years, the T&M market has undergone a significant shift in its offerings in response to new technology demands by operators. Applications such as mobile TV, m-banking, m-health, m-education and e-retail, and the convergence of technologies have enhanced the demand for specialized T&M solutions. The market is increasingly adopting a softwaredefined approach towards instrumentation, which allows expeditious upgradation of solutions as per changing network and technology requirements. Wireless equipment and network testing continue to dominate the space with long term evolution (LTE), voice-over-LTE (VoLTE), QoS, scalability and smart devices being the key growth drivers. On the other hand, the growth in the optic fiber cable (OFC) testing instruments market has largely been driven by the increasing demand for splicing machines. On the network and infrastructure fronts, operators are ensuring that their networks are interoperable with the currently available 2G and 3G services (and 4G services, in some cases), and can enable a seamless switch when moving from one technology to another. The inherent characteristic of the T&M market is such
that the evolving telecom standards render T&M equipment obsolete quickly. Hence, the rental market has gained traction as it allows the customer flexibility to switch to the latest equipment without incurring significant investment. For the past few years, there has been greater emphasis on 4G roll-out. Moreover, operators have been anticipating a significant increase in competition due to the entry of a new player. These have led to speculations on the T&M side of the industry. The decision to undertake either new capex or lease rental involves arguments within a user organization. Smart offerings like choice rentals and flexible support enable many T&M vendors to capture this market. The combination of a good original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a leasing company is likely to gain a dominant share in the market. The latest trends witnessed in the telecom T&M segment are high bandwidth measurements, multipleinput, multiple-output testing and special tests on LTE-advanced technology. There is also protocol testing and wide area network (WAN) optimization testing. In addition, quality tests that are required by the operator before accepting systems supplied by the manufacturer are being developed. The National Telecom Policy, 2012 mandated the testing and certification of all telecom products for conformance, performance, interoperability, health,
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Ocus: T & M Equipment
safety, security, etc. for the seamless functioning of existing and future networks. However, over the past few years, telecom operators have not earmarked significant capital for deploying T&M solutions to address the growing complexity in their networks. Low ARPUs, substantial outgo on spectrum acquisitions and the high price of T&M equipment have compelled operators to opt for renting and leasing of non-calibrated or technologically less advanced equipment over making fresh purchases. Globally, telecom service providers are focusing on mobile traffic Wi-Fi offload strategies. It is important to ensure that the quality of Wi-Fi networks becomes carrier-grade as a lot of mobile data is expected to be offloaded on to Wi-Fi networks. If the quality of Wi-Fi services is unsatisfactory owing to incorrect offloading procedures, customer churn will increase. A shift to carrier-grade Wi-Fi is also being witnessed, which may increase the demand for Wi-Fi carriergrade test and monitoring solutions. Similarly with increased and widespread fiber roll-outs, OFC testing instruments are also in demand. 5G has the potential to revolutionize many industries such as telecommunications, automotives, energy, health care and more. The technology is expected to be several times faster than 4G and would provide a backdrop for the billions of devices to be connected to the internet as it would boost M2M communication and the internet of things (IoT) market. Research and development of 5G communication networks remains one of the most important drivers of the telecom T&M market. It presents a huge challenge for T&M vendors as they prepare to handle the different use cases and architecture of 5G. Whenever a new technology is rolled out, the associated installation and commissioning equipment witnesses a bullish demand. 4G was a major purchase opportunity fueled by the existing 2.5G and 3G players’ desire for quick upgradation. Likewise, 100G and 400G should see the introduction and uptake of appropriate test equipment. Offloading mobile data on the Wi-Fi network is now regularly being undertaken. However, QoS and associated customer experience differs in different geographies and on the basis of backhaul equipment deployed. Here again, competitive pressure makes the operators go for better T&M for monitoring and control purposes. Initiatives like Digital India, e-governance and many smart services are leading to fiberisation of the pathways of information in the hinterland. The same is true for large-scale deployment of communication networks for defence forces. The testing of fiber has boosted the sale of T&M hardware and services.
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The introduction of 5G services is likely to happen through Western companies in the next three years and Asian involvement with regulatory standards will be limited. Moreover, the Western European region will strive to renew its competitive edge in the market through this technology. The large-scale roll-out of LTE technology has renewed interest in the T&M space with operators increasingly looking to deploy advanced solutions for assessing and addressing the complexities associated with the network. To this end, Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (RJIL) and Bharti Airtel have awarded 4G network testing contracts to US-based T&M equipment provider Keysight Technologies. The contracts are reportedly worth Rs 1 billion each. The demand for LTE and VoLTE testing equipment is set to grow. This has created multiple opportunities for small T&M vendors and has helped generate rural employment. Further, the rapid evolution towards higher frequencies and wider modulation bandwidth, coupled with the advent of technologies such as 5G, is creating growth opportunities for advanced T&M equipment. However, providing electronic engineers with superior equipment at competitive prices will be a challenge for T&M vendors from a technical as well as business standpoint. Service providers are also well aware of the limit of net connectivity through wireless media. It is more than clear that heavy data users need to be provided broadband with higher bandwidth as they cannot be served with wireless connectivity to the fullest extent. Therefore, there has to be fiber connectivity up to the end-users’ premises. All service providers are vying for space in the market against various types of challenges coming from overcrowded localities in Indian cities. Against all these odds, service providers are investing and working on fiber-to-the-home, which will ultimately provide viable solutions for the users and speed much higher than 4G or 5G. So, fiber roll-out is creating new opportunities in this segment.
Key challenges in 4G space
The T&M market is extremely price sensitive. Reducing testing time, which will yield significant cost savings for OEMs, is another challenge for test equipment vendors. End-users of test equipment are not satisfied with the exponentially rising testing costs. They are striving to reduce the costs through various means, including the acceleration of testing tasks. Although OEMs would like to reduce testing costs, this is challenging for T&M vendors because the amount of testing is increasing significantly. There is a strong push to conduct more
testing for less money in a completely different and innovative manner because end-users are not able to transfer the increasing costs to consumers. Moreover, the increasing complexity of technologies has added to the woes. The evolving standards have made the product life cycle of T&M equipment short, hence equipment have to be upgraded/developed for keeping pace with the changing standards. Telecom T&M players in India are mainly local subsidiaries of top MNCs. While we have very qualified techno-managers and industry professionals, managing a specialised skill-based workforce is challenging in a country like India. Further, growth in telecom following the surge in mobile subscriptions will be dependent on innovations and disruptions. New companies in the segment will have to find solutions for local problems through their expertise. System integrators and creative business models will have to evolve locally. The back offices of several MNCs need to be augmented with local operations for increasing T&M revenues. Test equipment companies have faced challenges in attempting to improve test capabilities and reducing testing time because of the excessive pricing pressure exerted by operators. T&M products typically require high capital investment and these costs escalate further as the equipment needs to undergo constant upgradation, given the rapidly changing wireless technology environment. Cost escalation also occurs when drive testers fail because invalidated data is collected and several testing processes need to be redone. Another challenge that test equipment vendors usually face is the successful provision of a testing solution that is suited to the skills and capabilities of end-users. Most companies lack the specialized labour needed to achieve this objective. While the deployment of LTE offers significant opportunities for the T&M market, there are major challenges that need to be overcome in order to fully exploit the market potential. Compared to the legacy networks, LTE technology offers greater speeds and higher spectral efficiency. Consequently, testing the components of a 4G network requires more comprehensive test coverage of radio frequency, protocol and systemlevel elements, including base stations, handsets and network infrastructure. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
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ndustry Focus: Power Transmission
Industry Analysis: Power Transmission The global power & utilities sector is experiencing significant transformation, which is challenging traditional business models, and paving way for new tech’s. In all major developed economies, utility CoS face a rugged operating environment, thereby resulting in sundry new business models mainly based on technological advancements & customerservices. Power transmission grid, historically a regulated and traditionally run entity, is also moving in the same direction, and adopting several new tech’s, such as Smart, energy storage, and HV capacity corridors. Evolution is mostly seen in developed regions with a mature power and utility sector, such as Germany, the UK and the US. However, developing economies too are looking to leapfrog to new models, and are currently designing plans for the future. The global smart grid market is considered as the grid of the future and is pegged at USD 70 billion by 2023. Balancing supply with demand, energy with reactive power, and voltage levels with frequency becomes more difficult as renewables become a 52 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
more significant component of regional and local generation capacity. Flexible Alternative Current Transmission System (FACTS) technologies are being used in almost all interconnection projects to mitigate these issues. With the cost of battery storage dropping, vendors are now providing hybrid solutions with large-scale battery storage in order to stabilize reactive power and level out the valleys inherent in many types of renewable source generation. And as we move into the next five-year plan, there is likely to be a significant increase in transmission investments, primarily to accommodate rising renewable energy (RE), connect remote/unelectrified areas, modernize grid, and set up smart cities. In order to support the rapidly rising RE, there is a need to set up an enabling IT framework along with reforms and enabling policies. Current govt initiatives such as green energy corridors, UDAY reform, smart grid vision, ISA, hybrid/electric vehicles, strengthening of national grid, etc., are positive steps in this direction. With focus on “Digital India”
and “Make in India” and other such programs, the entire ecosystem looks encouraging to provide a complete, cheap and scalable solution to support the electricity grid of the digital age. We can expect a favourable operating environment to attract investments from a broad array of investors, including FIIs who are currently looking at steady cash flows & infra assets to diversify their investment portfolio.
Indian Power sector overview
India’s GDP has grown at a rate of 7.6% in 2015–16 coupled with an increase in industrial & commercial activity in the country. With the growth in the economy, power consumption is set to grow rapidly in the following decade driven by population growth, and also increasing urbanization. This is significantly relevant given increased expectations for economic growth and reforms. India has the 5th largest power generation sector globally, with a total installed capacity of 330.26 GW (as on 31 May 2017). The country
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Installed capacity by source in India as on 31 May 2017
Coal: 195,602.88 MW (59.2%) Large Hydro: 44,594.42 MW (13.5%) Small Hydro: 4,379.86 MW (1.3%) Wind Power: 32,279.77 MW (9.8%) Solar Power: 12,288.83 MW (2.5%) Biomass: 8,311.78 MW (2.5%) Nuclear: 6,780 MW (2.1%) Gas: 25,185.38 MW (7.6%) Diesel: 837.63 MW (0.3%)
The sizeable coal power project pipeline and the widespread availability of coal from low cost Asia seaborne imports and growing domestic production is likely to ensure that coal will remain the dominant fuel choice for India’s power sector, despite growth in renewable sources. The contribution of the private sector in terms of total capacity addition is increasing, and has now surpassed 143.59 GW (43%) followed by state governments and the GoI with respective contribution of 104.44 GW (32%) and 81.16 GW (25.0%) at the end of May 2017. 681.6 409.6 52
79.5 75.3
117.3 125
152.2 181.9
6th plan
7th plan
8th plan
9th plan
AC Transmission Lines (000'ckm) Source: Ministry of Power
198.4
257.6
10th plan
257.4
11th plan
347.7
As on 31 June 2016
AC Substations Transformation Capacity ('000MVA)
Growth of transmission sector (at end of each FYP period)
Power transmission Industry
India‘s power transmission network has expanded rapidly in the last 5yr plans with 32.7% growth in transmission lines, and 61.1% in AC transformation capacity from FY12 to FY16. Total transmission lines in India stood at 350,792 ckm and 6,190 ckm of transmissions lines were commissioned between Apr’16 and Jul’16 representing 26.5% of FY16–17 annual targets (23,384 ckm). In addition, total transformation capacity stands at 686,384 MVA at the end of Aug’16 and 22,675 MVA of transformation capacity was ||www.electricalmirror.net||
added during Apr-Jul’16 thus achieving 50.2% of the FY16–17 annual targets (45,188 MVA). Significant expansion of inter-state transmission system is under way to cater to the transmission requirement of new generation projects. India has an inter-regional power transfer capacity of 61,050 MW as of Aug’16 as compared to a targeted capacity of 68,050 MW by FY16–17. The transmission sector has taken up several initiatives in order to expand the grid resource efficiently. For instance, to reduce ROW requirements for transmission lines, 765 kV transmission voltage is increasingly being adopted. This is due to the fact that a single-circuit 765 kV line can carry as much power as 3 single-circuit 500 kV lines, 3 double circuit 345 kV lines, or 6 single-circuit 345 kV lines, reducing the overall no. of lines and RoWs required to deliver equivalent capacity. Moreover, GIS’s are preferred, since the total space required for a GIS is 10% of that needed for a conventional substation. This will help combat the problem of land requirement. Competitive landscape/industry structure Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. (PGCIL), owns 80% of interstate transmission networks while accounting for 95% of state transformation capacity. It is accountable for wheeling power that is generated by CGU and interstate mega IPPs. Although PGCIL dominates the power transmission segment, efforts are underway to attract increased private sector participation. MoP announced mandatory procurement of transmission services through competitive bidding for encouraging private sector investments in the sector. The private players can enter power transmission industry via 2 routes i.e. JV and independent power transmission projects. Some of the key players investing in the transmission industry are Kalpataru Power, Adani Power, Essel Infra projects, Tata Projects and Sterlite Grid. The govt planned to attract an investment of INR 1 trillion by offering projects under tariff based competitive bidding to private CoS in 2015, of which only INR 183.0 billion was tendered out. 3 projects each were won by Sterlite Grid, Essel Infra, Adani Power and PGCIL, while one was won by Kalpataru Power. These projects were shortlisted by the CEA, and PFC and REC conducted the auctions. The CoS are now focusing on setting-up a separate transmission business, since a significant investment is yet to be tendered by the govt. The scope of participation is further supported by presence of 18,452 un electrified villages across India. Models for private partnerships Models for PSP in Transmission
has added 88.1 GW of capacity as part of the 12th FYP, achieving 98.6% of its capacity addition targets (88.5GW).
Joint Ventures
•
In Collaboration with CTU and STU
•
CTU and STU to Hold min 26%
IPTC
•
100% Holding of private company
•
Bid out under a Competitve environment
Regulatory environment POSOCO, manages the National and Regional grid from NLDC and its 5 RLDCs. The transmission lines are operated in accordance with regulations/standards of CEA/CERC/ SERCs. There have been a series of reforms announced in the last 2 years. The MoP has already proposed to move the Union Cabinet for separation of central transmission utility function from PGCIL. According to the proposal, after separation, an independent non-profit organization will carry out transmission planning and organize bidding process for projects under tariff-based bidding competition. The separation was envisaged to provide a level-playing field for all bidders of transmission projects. Some of the major initiatives taken by the GoI to improve the power sector and increase generation capacity/transmission capacity include: • The 10-year tax holiday has been extended until 31 March 2017 for utilities that commence generation, transmission or distribution of power within the period. • In Jan’16, the GoI made amendments to the National Tariff Policy for electricity. The amendments include the following: • All transmission projects will be awarded through tariff based competitive bidding and all the intra-state projects, which are above a stipulated cost will also follow a bid regime thus allowing increased flow of private capital in the sector. • For renewable power (solar & wind), no interstate transmission charges and losses will be levied leading to better capital utilization. • Regulators need to mandate compulsory purchase of power from micro grid in remote locations. • In FY16–17, the govt allocated INR 122 billion toward schemes in the power sector with primary focus on strengthening electrical distribution, smart metering and city-level GIS. • In the FY16–17 budget, an additional depreciation of 20%, in the year of acquisition or commission, is granted to power transmission assets. Also budgetary allocation to centrally funded power distribution schemes (Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana and Integrated Power Development Scheme) has increased by 85% to INR 85 billion compared to last year. • In FY16–17, a total of INR 32.1 billion has been allocated for the development of 100 smart cities. • In August 2016, the govt launched Transmission App for Real Time Monitoring
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& Growth (TARANG) Mobile App & Web Portal, “e-Trans” webplatform, & Discovery of Efficient Electricity Price (DEEP) e-Bidding portal for increasing transparency in the transmission sector. • TARANG: Monitors upcoming projects and progress of inter and intra region transmission system developed through the TBCB route. • e-Trans: A platform for e-bidding and e-reverse auction for TBCB transmission projects to facilitate better price discovery. • DEEP e-Bidding: A portal for medium term (one to five years) purchase of power providing e-bidding and e-reverse auction facility.
Trends
Impetus on renewable energy: RE is now one of the mainstream generation source for electricity in the country. As on 31 Jun’16, domestic RE generation capacity stood at 57.26 GW, and is expected to reach 175 GW by 2022 according to the new target policy. As environmental regulations gets stricter, coal-based plants are under pressure, and focus is shifting toward making new investments into the solar, wind, and hydro projects. This is triggering a new wave of infra investments dedicated to evacuate the clean energy generation, as most cost-effective RE resources may be located far from the existing transmission networks and consumption centers. According to NITI Aayog estimates, the cost for updating inter-region and intra-region transmission lines to integration of renewables will be INR 1,200 billion. Furthermore, the govt has also announced planned public investments of more than INR 380 billion for transmission in the green energy corridor initiative that focuses on transmission of energy from renewable-rich areas to the grids. There is also a growing need to strengthen transmission corridors with coordinated transmission planning. Use of power electronic devices such as SVCs, STATCOMs etc., for reactive power control also needs a thrust. Technical Standards for RE generation incorporating features such as Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT), High Voltage Ride Through (HVRT), frequency thresholds for disconnection from the grid, active and reactive power regulation by RE generators also become important and needs to be notified at the earliest. Eight states (Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Gujrat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh and Karnataka) have offered green grid projects worth INR 50 billion in July 2016. Of these, 6 states (excluding Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) have already issued notices for tenders. Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan have awarded contracts at INR 15.9 billion, INR 5.3 billion and INR 3.8 billion, respectively. Growing interest from investors: Riding on reforms, and significant investments planned by the govt, private players are increasingly eyeing the transmission segment as a potential steady income generating business. There is a strong sentiment among the investor community that India’s transmission sector has key fundamentals such as strong regulatory push, expanded market base with push for renewable sector, and attractive risk return profiles. Furthermore in the last 2 years, the govt has taken several measures to resolve current bottlenecks and enable players to make investments in creating new T&D platforms resulting in viable opportunities for capital deployment. In Apr’16, a transmission plan was established to connect 33 solar power parks (199 GW) across 21 states and these are likely to be awarded through tariff-based competitive bidding. Out of 33 solar parks, PGCIL will build transmission for only 6 parks and rest will be tendered. The cost of connecting 27 solar parks is roughly INR 550 billion. In addition, in FY16, 8 lines worth INR 200 billion were awarded to private CoS through tariff-based competitive bidding route. A detailed list of major projects undertaken by the private sector CoS in the transmission sector during FY16 is shown below.
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List of projects undertaken by private sector companies
Growth of smart grids and smart cities: The power transmission sector is gradually moving toward smart technology. Smart technologies have the potential to create increased efficiency within the grid and help in grid balancing by providing data about usage patterns. The govt plans to establish 100 smart cities and 500 smart towns in the next 5-10 years with total investments rising to INR 500 billion in 4-5 years. National smart grid mission has an outlay of INR 9.8 billion for 12th FYP along with budgetary support of INR 3.4 billion. TEN smart grid pilot projects are currently being implemented by state discoms. These projects will primarily focus on reduction of AT&C losses, peak load management, and integration of renewable. The Indian smart grid market including Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), Distribution Automation (DA) and Wide-area Monitoring (WAM) is anticipated to increase from US$1.2 billion in 2015 to US$22.8 billion by 2025 growing at a CAGR of 33%. The smart meter installed base in India could rise significantly with the govt mandating all meters within monthly consumption range of 200–500 units will be converted into smart meters by 2019 and all meters with monthly consumption above 500 units will be converted into smart meters by 2017 end. Smart meters can reduce AT&C losses and improper billing. Project Name
Approved Cost Govrnment Support Courrent Status (INR Million) (INR Milion)
Assam Power Distribution Company Ltd. (APDCL), 299.4 Assam
149.7
RF survey completd: Consumer survey under progress
Uttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam (UHBVN), Haryana 200.7
103.5
Likely completion by March 2017
Himachal Pradesh State Electrictiy Board Limited 194.5 (HPSEB), Himachal Pradesh
97.3
Likely Completion by October 2016
Chamundeshwari Elecricity Supply Corporation (CESC), 325.9 Mysore
163
All regulation drafted and filed: approvals form KERC awaited
Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (JPSPCL), 101.1 Punjab
50.6
Likely Completion by December 2016
Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company 418.2 Limited (TSSPDCL), Telangana
209.1
Likely completion by September 2017
Tripura State Electricity Corporation Limited (TSECL), 634.3 Tripura
317.2
Likely completion by March 2017
West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company 70.3 Limited (WBSEDCL), West Bengal
35.2
Likely completion by March 2017
Puducherry Electricity Department (PED), Puducherry 461.1
230.6
Likely completion by November 2017
Key updates on 10 smart grid pilot projects
High capacity transmission corridors: India is expected to witness significant power transportation over long distances in approximately next 3 years due to setting-up of large trunk transmission lines. Hence, there are plans to build 8 new large power transmission lines to transport 34,000 MW over long distances (primarily to NR & SR). The power transmission from ER and WR to SR is expected to grow from 5,900 MW to 17,000 MW by 2019–20. The 188.1% increase is attributable to forthcoming 5 new transmission lines worth INR 4,295 billion. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
Similarly, the power transmission from the WR to the NR is expected to increase by 111.1% by 2019–20 to 17,000 MW from the current value of 8,050 MW driven by addition of 3 new transmission lines. States in India are now looking to replace costly power with cheap power available from other region, since they are able to save INR1 to INR2 per unit of power generation by just paying additional INR 0.25-0.30 in transmission. 11 high capacity power transmission corridors have been planned at an estimated cost of INR 750 billion, of which PGCIL is mandated to implement the work costing INR 660 billion. These projects will target bulk power evacuation requirement of IPPs and implementation of projects will be in a phased manner, in tandem with power generation projects.
State-wise HCPTC presence
Growing interest for M&A: Although the industry is primarily dominated by PGCIL, the penetration of private players is observed due to govt initiatives, and several CoS are concentrating on establishing their foothold in the Indian transmission sector through M&A. Buyers are showing interest in power transmission CoS with assets that are up & running, since they expect gains from the govt’s attempts to plug power leakage and attract investments. Maru Transmission Service Co. Ltd. Sold its 74% stake and Aravali Transmission Service Co. Ltd. Sold its 49% stake to a private transmission Co in Jul’16. Both the CoS are subsidiaries of GMR infra. In Sep’16, Tata Power and ICICI venture announced a joint investment platform with Canadian pension fund along with sovereign wealth funds State General Reserve Fund of Oman (SGRF) as well as Kuwait Investment Authority to invest in power assets in the country. The platform targets acquisition of controlling stakes in power generating CoS, both conventional thermal, hydroelectric and transmission assets in India. Several other private players will be looking at acquiring these assets. Operating assets are more lucrative because the construction risks are removed. Long-term investors such as pension funds prefer these kinds of annuity assets. We expect more such deals as CoS seek to utilize the growth potential in the power ||www.electricalmirror.net||
transmission industry. Technological advancements to shape the evolution of transmission infra. The Indian power transmission industry has consistent focus on technological advancements such as HVDC, better load forecast and General Network Access (GNA). Such technologies help in addressing congestion issues in the power transmission sector, since they can evacuate electricity and supply to power deficit regions. There is also a growing impetus on new ways of enterprise asset management. Condition-based asset monitoring is one area of particular focus today that can be worth millions of dollars in annual savings. IT solutions that harness consumer and grid data can help utilities reduce non-technical losses, avoid truck rolls, and make their staff more efficient all of which translate into bottom-line gains. Some of the leading private players are looking at strategic alliances to improve efficiencies. The US-based Sharper Shape and Sterlite Power announced a strategic partnership in Aug’16 to offer drone-based inspection services in the country to support effective asset management (increasing the uptime of the grid, avoiding blackouts, and reducing transmission tariffs). High capacity transmission corridors comprising 765 kV AC and ±800 kV 6000 MW HVDC system along with 400 kV AC and ±500 kV/600 kV 2500 MW/6000 MW have been planned to facilitate transfer of power from remotely located generation complexes to bulk load centers thereby, strengthening the national grid. During the 12th FYP period, it is estimated that a total of around 13,000 MW of HVDC systems will be required for grid expansion and this is projected to reach 15,000 MW during the 13th FYP. GNA is a common mesh of transmission network, which can supply power from a given point of connection to any ISTS. CTU will access this power through systematic system studies. GNA implementation will help in driving investments. The govt is supporting GNA through: Planning of new transmission corridor based on GNA requirement, Power generators not liable to pay notional point of drawl charges, Power generators not to have to declare target beneficiaries, Drawing utilities to have access to ISTS to the extent of their GNA; get the system created for power transfer over ISTS from anywhere in the grid
Challenges
Besides insufficient capacity, the lack of sophistication in India’s T&D network contributed to grid failures in the past. These are: The absence of an efficient grid storage system and the growing use of intermittent sources (renewables) for electricity generation meant that supply within India was not flexible enough to meet the increase in electricity demand. The lack of a smart grid system to monitor the entire network (inter- & intra- state) allowed state utilities to exceed their power quotas (known as “overdrawing”) from the national grid with minimal repercussions. The
time taken from conceptualization to commissioning, which is currently five to six years, is much longer than global standards. Lack of incentives for early commissioning discourages rapid project execution. Currently, even if a developer is able to commission lines before the contractual COD, revenues are realized from the contractual COD only. Inordinate amount of time taken in seeking clearances and ROW has been another challenge faced by developers in this sector. On an average 36 months are required for executing of a transmission project, of which 24 months are consumed in receiving clearances from concerned authorities. As many as 120 transmission projects have faced delays because of the developer’s inability to acquire land and get timely clearances from all stakeholders. There have also been instances of transmission lines being forced to take a different route altogether causing the entire project plan to go astray. 8 major transmission lines awarded to private players have been delayed due to regulatory hurdles. Furthermore, as of Jan’15, transmission projects worth INR 70 billion reported delays due issues with wildlife clearances. High T&D losses T&D losses in India at 22% are among the highest in the world and much higher than the world average of 9.8%. These can be attributed mostly to operational inefficiencies. Improvements can be achieved through reliability based on-line condition monitoring, repair and maintenance in advance thereby, reducing the no. of forced outages. Need for a resilient grid Failure of the transmission grid, which took place in 2012, implies the need to strengthen the transmission infra. Rural electrification also requires expansion of transmission facilities. Transmission towers of 765 kV and 400 kV collapsed due to pre-monsoon winds during the first quarter of FY15 thereby, representing the delicacy of the transmission infra in India. Hence, a thorough investigation and immediate remedial measures should be undertaken to address grid or tower failures because the operation of the industry is hindered, since considerable time is required to repair such failures.
Industry Outlook and Opportunities
• Growth prospects for the transmission segment are driven by increased emphasis on grid reliability, decentralization of generation due to growing share of RE, and spread of new urban and rural load centers arising from urbanization and rural electrification. Despite a decoupling of global electricity demand with the GDP growth (due to energy efficiency), India will continue to see a significant rise in generation capacity, thus driving transmission investments. • Capital expenditure of INR 2.6 trillion (INR 1.0 trillion in substation and INR1.6
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trillion in transmission lines) is envisaged in transmission and distribution sector during the 13th FYP. In terms of volume, 62,800 ckm of transmission lines and 128,000 MVA of transformation capacity will be needed as part of 13th FYP. The estimated private sector investments in T&D will reach INR 3 trillion by 2019 including govt support of INR 1 trillion through Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana and the IPDS. Opportunities will continue to grow for private players in the Indian transmission industry, since there are growing incidences of electricity shortage due to inabilities to evacuate excess power from resource-rich regions. For instance, in Chhattisgarh (generation capacity is more than 30,000 MW and peak demand is 3,300 MW while just 7,000 MW transmission capacity for power evacuation). The transmission sector in many states is likely to undergo significant technological enhancements. These advancements will primarily be noted in smart grid, drone infra, GNA, and high capacity transmission corridors driven by aging infra, capacity addition, potential M&A and growing focus on RE (govt support on green corridor) and private sector participation. There is likely to be a growing focus on Indian transmission assets by global investors, since GoI is planning to offer equity to international pension funds aiming at INR 100 billion to INR 120 billion investments thereby, monetizing transmission assets. In tandem with this, PGCIL is developing a business model to offload certain transmission lines to these foreign investors. The organization also plans to enter and achieve intra-region projects worth INR 150 billion to INR 200 billion through joint ventures or consultation services or complete ownership in the next 2-3 years.
Unfolding Opportunities
The Indian power transmission industry has witnessed reasonable progress over the years. Planned generation capacity enhancements have led to the expansion of transmission network across India. However, the current T&D infra in the country is highly inadequate, imbalanced which manifests into massive growth prospects for the industry. Thrust on overall infra development by the GoI would also culminate into high growth prospects for this sector. Focused emphasis on development 56 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
of solar energy, green energy corridors, inter & intra-state transmission lines, initiatives pertaining to strengthening of T&D system in the NE region, doubling of existing capacities, refurbishment demand etc. entails additional transmission infra development. In addition, the proposed development of smart cities is also expected to generate good opportunities for the industry. On ground level, we are also seeing a revival in stalled projects, a move necessary for expediting the growth of this sector. Globally also, demand from under-developed & developing nations also overall demand from developed countries is expected to ensure a long term positive outlook for the Indian transmission line CoS who are well placed and have the capacity to cater to increase in domestic as well as global demand. But progress is largely hampered due to difficulties in land acquisition and getting RoW & forest clearances, approvals for which continue to be highly time consuming. Delay on account of this creates uncertainties, disrupts the targeted completion time of the projects and also leads to cost overruns. Another critical issue is that transmission line industry is not treated as part of infra industry. Transmission lines being an imp part of overall infra development should be covered under the infra sector and should be granted infrastructure industry status. Other issues include funding constraints for R&D, inadequate testing facilities and lack of enhanced govt support and incentives for exports. And considering the huge funding requirements, emphasis on PPP seems to be the apt route. The industry is quite enthusiastic with regard to the PPP mode that would also pave the way for faster development of new technology or systems. Speaking of which, would say CoS in the EPC space are also engaging and adapting newer construction technologies. Further, towards the development of the entire electrical equipment sector, the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, in consultation with the industry and related bodies has already launched a compressive mission plan (201222), that will pave the way for future development and enhance global competitiveness of this sector thereby ensuring achievement of its vision by the year 2022 which is to make India the country of choice for the production of electrical equipment and reach an
output of USD 100 billion by balancing exports and imports. Going forward, for rapid development, there is a need for sustained, proactive and cohesive efforts by all the stakeholders in the industry including the govt. Steps have to be taken towards building on the strengths of the industry and enhancing exports. There is a need to focus on innovation, technology, R&D, developing local talent, logistics management and cost competitiveness. Indian CoS must benchmark themselves against global best practices being followed across processes.
Removal of procedural bottlenecks: First there
is a need to expedite and remove the execution and procedural bottlenecks for which strong govt intervention and support is required. Remedies like the Plug & Play model, creation of a SPV which will seek all the approvals etc. are some of the ways which will boost the progress of this sector. Although the govt is taking steps, there is a need to address these issues more expeditiously.
Support required on export front: Indian electrical
equipment and project management capabilities are accepted globally as credible & reliable. A large no of Indian CoS have successfully executed projects in many underdeveloped, developing and developed nations. However, the overall electrical equipment industry's share of exports to country's total exports is marginal, accounting for about 1-1.5% only. Hence, there is a need to enhance exports for which policy level and incentive level support is required from the govt. The GoI should extend the support to domestic players as is enjoyed by our foreign competitors in their respective countries like China. Also, in the recently announced Foreign Trade Policy (year 2015-20), the govt has done away with lot of benefits i.e. withdrawn incentive support which is needed in order to facilitate and expedite the growth of exports.
Financial Support: Support is also required towards
funding for developmental and R&D initiatives, manpower planning and skill upgradation for the transmission line industry. As there is a severe shortage of skilled technical manpower, more dedicated programs and initiatives specifically pertaining to transmission line industry have to be designed and commenced jointly by the Government in conjunction with the industry. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
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Focus: I Ndustry Smart Meters
A New Electricity Era Begins With Smart Meters
Every property is supposed to be connected to a
meter that measures the amount of electricity used in a month. Smart meters, however, are one step ahead of regular meters. Smart meters are electronic devices that record electricity consumption of the area at shorter intervals as compared to the regular meters that are in use today. The smart meter will communicate it back to the power supplier, who will then be able to account accurate bills. Smart meters will provide a simple digital reading of the electricity consumption, unlike the complicated numbers we see on meters currently in use. With the accurate electricity reading, it will not only keep the energy suppliers away from billing inefficiently but will also make consumers pay the correct bill amount. It is possible for the prevalent meters to give an overestimated amount as well. As of now, smart meters are being used in UK. The smart meters there are also given to properties to keep a check on the meter reading, 58 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
pointing that a two-way communication for these devices is also possible. In a few parts of the UK, smart meters are also used to track gas consumption. State-owned Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) recently initiated a pilot project of installing over 4 million smart meters in Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. According to a report by Bloomberg, EESL Managing Director Saurabh Kumar said that if the pilot is successful, smart meters will be deployed across the country. The meters currently in use are unable to account accurate bills. The inefficiency in billing has resulted in a lot of losses and debt for power distributors, which is one of the main reasons why smart meters are being proposed. As on September 2015, the debt reported by the state-run distributors was Rs 4.3 lakh Cr. Power discom Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited (TPDDL) is working on "the largest" smart metering project in the country, which will enable improved
operational efficiency and benefit its consumers in Delhi. Under the first phase of the project, 2.5 lakh smart meters will be installed in north and northwest Delhi covered by by the end of 2018. The first phase of the project will cost around Rs 100 Cr and the entire project of installing about 18 lakh smart meters will be completed in the next 7-8 years with a cost of Rs 2,000 Cr. Smart meters are electronic devices that establish two way communication between the consumer and the power utility by sending power consumption details at hourly or less intervals. 100 CoS have participated in a pre-bid meeting for the tender for 50 lakh Smart Meters called by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL). An official statement said that the Smart Meters are being procured for Smart Grid projects in Haryana and UP. These meters would help in reducing Aggregate Technical & Commercial losses, power theft and also help in monitoring of round the clock power supply ||www.electricalmirror.net||
eventually leading to greater efficiency. EESL will be making the upfront investment and will maintain the infrastructure for ten years. An official statement said that this approach has made the project feasible as most of the state utilities are not in a position for such rollouts due to their financial constraints. EESL will recover its investment from the savings accruing to the DISCOMs in subsequent years. Installation of these meters will obviate the need for the meter reader’s visit to each and every consumer. The statement added, in order to make the entire project feasible and affordable, EESL has unbundled the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) project into two parts viz. procurement of smart meter and arranging the system integrator. EESL is also planning to issue the tender for selection of system integrator early next month, as second part of the AMI project. It is estimated that power transmission losses cost the country between Rs 50,000 Cr and Rs 1,00,000 Cr annually. Power losses can be said as aggregate technical & commercial loss. Technical loss means loss in the transmission and distribution of power. Commercial loss means theft. Technical losses in India are estimated to be around 30% of all power transmitted, commercial around 10%. In toto, anywhere between 30-50% of power is supposed to disappear. Electricity prices are very high in India when compared to the US. They can account for up to 20% of a household’s monthly spend, perhaps even more. That’s what the annual family trek to Dubai can cost. Many households do have electronic meters now. But these are simple meters, just a step upgrade from the round spinning meters that are still prevalent all over the country. Power is transmitted over metal wires. These may get corroded, but even then, electrons don’t get rerouted for technical losses to be to the tune of 30% or more. In the US, a utility typically recovers between 5-10% of its overall revenue as technical losses from the govt. Most utilities there report power theft as only between 1-3% of overall revenue. If you talk to almost any theft prevention head at a utility, she will scoff at that measly figure. She will disclose that theft can be up to 10%. Why do American utilities underreport? First, any utility admitting that so many of its customers are crooked in a lily-white country that prides itself on its honesty would leave plenty of red faces. Second, its shareholders will demand what is being done to rectify the situation. And third, many utilities aim to keep recovering the 5-10% line losses while clandestinely benefitting from the theft reduction capabilities of smart meters. Were they to reveal to the govt how much theft they could actually mitigate, the govt could wisen up and drastically reduce their line loss benefits. Indian utilities (state electricity boards) constantly go into the red, then get their slate wiped clean by the govt, and then promptly go back into the red. Only a few utilities have been privatised in the country. I know of only ||www.electricalmirror.net||
one among them that is trying to install smart meters, but its plans seem so grandiose that one wonders if they will trip even before they get started. With theft levels so high in India, technologies such as smart meters could provide a payback period of less than three years. But utilities must be incentivised to raise, leave alone the expectations of their consumers, their own as well. The Electricity Reform Act of 2003 was a good beginning. But India’s power has been stalling for the most part ever since. One reason is, Indian utilities grapple with so-called “non-technical losses,” which include electricity theft, meter tampering and non-payment by customers. These losses have a huge impact on the utilities’ profitability, service predictability, and operations performance. Tangles of wires atop electricity poles criss-cross India’s villages and cities, stealing power. It is estimated that India loses approximately $16.2 billion a year just through electricity theft. This is the highest total loss to theft in the world. Several Indian States are now strengthening vigilance against power theft. With the Centre’s focus on boosting energy output through programmes such as National Smart Grid Mission and UDAY, utilities are looking for ways to meet the growing demand while cutting losses. By adopting the IoT-based metering infrastructure, using smart meters and smart grids, utilities can make further strides toward reliable power generation and distribution in India. Smart metering pilots are underway in Kolkata, Delhi, Chandigarh, Tripura and Puducherry. Smart meters can record electricity, water, or gas usage in homes or buildings, and send this data back to the supplier and consumer at regular intervals.
Both customers and utilities benefit from real-time data on energy consumption. The instantaneous info allows the customer to make adjustments and the utility company to better manage energy consumption at peak times. For Indian utilities these technologies will be a game changer in their battle against power theft. Tapping a wire hook directly onto the electricity line is the most prevalent form of power theft in the country. Economic implications aside, this practice is unsafe. Imagine a scenario where utilities have real-time visibility to this unmonitored consumption, and are alerted to unusually heavy demand on the grid, meter bypassing, and unaccounted-for consumption. With advanced sensor technologies and software analytics, load imbalance on the grid can easily be detected and this data is then transmitted back to the utilities. Similarly, using smart meters, utilities can monitor households or commercial establishments that do not pay their bills and can shut down their services remotely. Another common theft technique is tampering with conventional meters to show a lower consumption reading. Smart metering infrastructure can also help utilities quickly respond to tamper events. With built-in tamper detection and protection functionalities, they have the ability to send a real-time notification to the utility when there is an attempt at tampering. Advanced metering solutions and technologies can provide economic benefits for both consumers and utilities, allowing providers to increase operational efficiency, reduce energy theft and avoid revenue losses, while giving customers more stable electricity service and the ability to control their usage and expenses.
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Verification And Supervision Of Communication Networks For Utility Automation
Nowadays communication networks are an integral part of the utility automation systems. With the increased usage of non-conventional instrument transformers and IEC 61850 protection devices, more and more critical information like Sampled Values streams and GOOSE messages are transmitted on these networks. All protection, automation, and control devices have to be online and communicating appropriately. Testing tools and techniques are needed to verify and supervise the operation of protection, automation, and control (PAC) systems. This already starts in the commissioning phase, where configuration errors and communication problems are ruled out and the correct transmission of all signals has to be verified. Later on, during the operation phase of a digital substation, it is crucial that problems on the communication network are detected immediately, so that the operating personnel can react on it.The correct functioning of the communication network is an essential precondition for the optimal performance of a PAC system. Consequently, the performance of the communication network needs to be measured and assessed on its own. Depending on the communication architecture and technologies deployed, different approaches are applicable.
Verification of the IEC 61850 Communication
The description of the communication system in the standardized IEC 61850 substation configuration language (SCL) format serves as the basis for the verifications. It is verified that the IEC 61850 server of all intelligent electronic devices (IED) are available and reachable over client/server (C/S) connection and the 60 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
substation real-time network traffic (GOOSE and Sampled Values) is actually present on the communication network as it is defined in the configuration files. A network analyzer tool can verify, proof and document that all protection and control devices are working and communicating properly. Such verificationsare mainly done in factory and site acceptance tests (FAT, SAT), and during the commissioning. In case of a malfunction, the network analyzer tool has to provide detailed information for debugging. In Figure 1 an example verification result of a system with twoprotection devices (IED) and two merging units (MU) is shown. The system verification provides the results for each IED in the system. If an IED is “checked green”,the complete IEC 61850 communication has beenfound as defined in the configuration files. A warning indicates that there is an issue, which can be related to the server in the IED or that not all Sampled Values streams or GOOSE messagesare found on the network as expected. An error is shown if an IED or one of its services is not found during the verification process. Differences in found Sampled Values streams or GOOSE messages are visualized by showing the found values next to the defined ones. The GOOSE shown in Figure 2as an example has different values for the Application ID, GOOSE ID, and the Configuration revision. If the values found on the network are the correct ones, the IED configuration file has to be updated, otherwise the device need to be reconfigured accordingly. A system verification is often an interactive working process because the devices are put in operation one by one during commissioning. The verification steps
can be performed incrementally without re-executing all the checks for all devices already verified. If devices do not perform as desired, detailed information is provided for further investigating and debugging of the problem. If there are any other GOOSE message or Sampled Values streams found on the network they are listed as “orphans”. If these orphans are not used in the PAC system anymore they should be eliminated from the network by reconfiguration or removing of the publisher devices, otherwise the SCL configuration fileshave to be updated accordingly. After the successful verification of the complete IEC 61850 communication, it is proofed that all devices are available in the PAC system and they are communicating correctly. The next step is to set up a supervision of the IEC 61850 communication so that any issue during the operation of the PAC system it detected immediately.
Supervision of the IEC 61850 Communication
Duringthe normal operation of a PAC system, it is recommended to supervise the IEC 61850 network communication based on the SCL definition. This is achieved by constantly evaluating all network packets of the Sampled Values streams and GOOSE message in the system.If Precision Time Synchronization (PTP) is used in the PAC system, it is also important to supervise the PTP communication in the network. Figure 3 shows a possible setup with a network analyzer which is tapped into a link to supervise the network traffic. The network analyzer detects the abnormalities in the real-time network traffic and automatically logs all events with the corresponding detailed information(e.g. ||www.electricalmirror.net||
gUEST aRTICLE lost samples, GOOSE timing problems, PTP time synchronization issues…)to a storage device. The event severity and category helps to filter and analyze the entries in the event log. The analyzer is working autonomously and can be connected in passive TAP mode to the substation network. Thus, it can obtain all traffic on a link without the requirement to configure traffic monitoring features such as port mirroring in the Ethernet switches. Events can trigger the recording of the relevant data for in-depth investigation of the abnormalitiesoccurred. Additionally,notificationscan be sent via email to inform the operating staff about the occurrence of an event. Figure 4 shows the supervisor event list of the network analyzer and the details of a selected GOOSE time to live expired event. In the example the network analyzer has detected that the time allowed to live of a GOOSE message has expired and the repetition of the GOOSE packet was missing. After the GOOSE message was received again, a GOOSE outof sequence event was logged into the event list which provides information about how many repetition packets or even if status changes of the GOOSE message were missing during the timeout period. Timeouts and out of sequence events of supervised Sampled Values streams are also detected and logged by the network analyzer. If there are any malformed GOOSE or Sampled Values packets on the network, a parsing error event is logged. For configured Sampled Values streams and GOOSE message which are not received by the network analyzer a never seen event is created in the log. A clock drift between a Sampled Values publisher and the network analyzer is also detected as an event. Depending on the type of event it can be necessary to immediately react on it or notify the responsible personal.A flexible configuration of different actions for any kind of supervisor event type is required. After the complete setup the permanently installed network analyzer is constantly supervising the configured IEC 61850 network communication. Beside the reaction with the defined actions it is also possible to check the event log entries via remote connection to the analyzer device.
Verification of the Communication Infrastructure
The communication network is the underlying infrastructure for the information exchange between the devices. It is an integral part of the PAC system and its dependable performance is the precondition for the proper function of the applications running on top of it. IEC 61850 makes no particular assumptions of the network infrastructure to be used. The requirements depend solely on the application. Thus, several topologies and technologies are in use today, all providing another tradeoff between efforts, performance, and reliability. 62 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
Standard Ethernet allows to build networks with different topologies,but lacks redundancy on a level that is needed for a PAC system. To cover redundancy, IEC 61850-90-4 refers to the standard IEC 62439-3, where the redundancy mechanismsHSR and PRPare defined.
Standard Ethernet networks
Ethernet has made an impressive development since the late 1970s, with increasing link speeds and enhanced features, but always maintaining backwards compatibility. For a PAC system, such networks are built with “substation hardened” Ethernet switches, which are managed high performance networking devices, made for the environmental conditions (climate, EMC, …) in electric installations. Common ways to connect the networking devices are star topologies and so-called ring structures.Star topologies are easy to understand and when well planned, they can deliver a small number of hops a message needs to pass through to reach its destination. On the other hand, ring structures appear to be attractive for several reasons. The networking devices are physically connected to form a “ring”. Severalprotection relays and bay controllerscontain integrated Ethernet switches with two external ports, so they can be directly linked into such a ring. This reduces the number of dedicated Ethernet switches needed for building such a network. Furthermore, there is the desire that such “rings” would provide some redundancy. But in an Ethernet network, real ring connections would establish circular paths for the Ethernet packets, so they must not exist. Otherwise, circulating packets would accumulate until the network is overloaded and breaks down. To avoid this, the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) analyses the topology and breaks physically connected rings into tree structures, which are free of circulating packets. RSTP does this by disabling certain links and putting them in stand-by. If the tree structure is broken because an active link fails, RSTP reconfigures the tree by re-activating some of the inactive links. The way the tree will be structured can be influenced by setting the so-called bridge priorities in the switches. This underlines clearly that RSTP is a topology management mechanism in the first place. In general, the performance of the reconfiguration is not guaranteed. Depending on the circumstances, a reconfiguration can take seconds. Vendor specific flavors of fast spanning tree mechanisms are generally not interoperable between vendors. Well, in an office environment, RSTP could be considered as a redundancy mechanism. Who cares if a printout appears five seconds later or if the loading of a file takes two seconds longer? But in a PAC environment, the requirements are much more stringent. RSTP is not really applicable as a redundancy mechanism there. Nevertheless, there is the desire to assess the reconfiguration times of a network structure managed with RSTP, especially if the application relies on perceived short reconfiguration times. Since there is no “reconfiguration complete” signal
issued by the switches, such an assessment can be only done in an indirect way. It can be observed when traffic disappears due to a failing link and when it re-appears after the reconfiguration is complete. To obtain the results with a sufficient time resolution, the traffic must have an adequate frequency. Sampled Values can be a suitable traffic, delivering packets every few hundred microseconds, which provides a reasonable resolution for the reconfiguration times to be measured. The most simplistic way to verify the reconfiguration performance is to look at the packet rate on a link, checking the times when it goes to zero and when it comes back to non-zero values again. But due to the averaging nature of calculating packet rates, this method loses resolution. Another option is to record the traffic and measure the time between the last packet before the interruption and the first packet after reconfiguration. A supervisor function for Sampled Values will record events when the first packet is missing (Timeout) and when the stream re-appears (Out of sequence). When such events are mapped to binary traces, the times can be easily observed, recorded, and finally measured with cursors. Besides the reconfiguration times, the different timings in differently reconfigured networks with RSTP can be verified as well.
High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) Networks
HSR networks are used for protection of electrical substation automation that require redundancy and zero recovery time in failure cases. Each node in an HSR network is attached by two Ethernet ports and sends the same frame over both ports. The receiver gets the two identical frames and forwards the first frame to the application and discards the second frame. For measuring packet delays in a combined Ethernet and HSR communication infrastructure a network analyzer is connected passive in TAP mode into the HSR ring topology, as shown in Figure 5. The delay of the communication between an IED in the Ethernet network to an HSR node can easily be measured and verified against the requirements of this communication path. Almost all network analyzer features like the verification and supervision of the IEC 61850 communication (as described in chapter 1 and 2) are supported with this test setup without having a build-in HSR node in the network analyzer. A drawback of HSR is that, like in any ring structure, the packets need to go through a considerable number of hops to reach their destination and each hop adds some delay. Cut-through packet forwarding provides advantages in this regard, but it is not a requirement and even with cut-through, delays can be caused by traffic injected by the nodes. To meet the requirements, the number of nodes will be limited in practice. An often mentioned maximum number is around 20 nodes for networks with a link speed of 100 Mbit/s. Therefore, larger systems have to be segregated into several HSR ||www.electricalmirror.net||
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communication in PRP networks is shown in Figure 6. There are two network analyzers connected in a passive TAP mode into the PRP network paths A and B at points P4 and P5. They measure the propagation asymmetry of the PRP network infrastructure between the points P4 and P5. The analysis software identifies the same Ethernet packets in the two network paths and by comparing the time-stamps of the packets the time differences are worked out. The different PRP trailers in the frames must not be considered in the packet matching algorithms. For all network topologies mentioned above, a suited measurement method for assessing the timing behavior is available. Figure 5 even shows that such measurements can span over network segments of different technology.
rings, which might be interconnected by other means, possibly PRP networks.
Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) Networks
PRP utilizes two independent Ethernet networks and redundancy is achieved by connecting the devices to both networks. Such a device is called a doubly attached node (DAN). PRP is preferredto connect a large number of IEDs without the need of either physical network or sub application segregation. Also, non-PRP nodes can be connected to PRP networks. Such a device is a so-called singly attached node (SAN), connected to only one of the networks. These devices do not have redundancy and can communicate only with other nodes attached to the same network. The network packets in PRP networks are tagged at the end of the frame with the redundancy control trailer in order to be interoperable with not PRP aware devices. A possible test setup to measure and verify the
Conclusion
The application of IEC 61850 communication in PAC systems brings many new challenges, but the new options and benefits have the potential to outweigh the difficulties by far. The engineering concept and the resulting availability of configuration information in machine readable form (SCL files) greatly support the testability of the systems. The
verification of the communication on the application layer as laid out in the first half of this article is essentially facilitated by this features. This applies through the whole life cycle of a PAC system. A configuration and a test setup worked out for a FAT can then again be used during commissioning. Configuration changes that may have happened in between are immediately detected and cleaned up. If the configuration remained unchanged, this is verified and ticked off even faster.And the same configuration information serves its purpose for the supervision during operation or during maintenance work later on. Considering the fact that the performance and reliability of the communication networkswere often questioned by skeptics, it is surprising that only small effort was invested in verifying these important aspects until now. But commissioning the communication infrastructure on its own should become a dedicated task to ensure a solid base for the PAC system communication on top of it. Electrical power engineers with the focus on protection, automation, and control can perform such tasks easily with state-of-the-art tools.
Figure 1: Example verification results of the IEC 61850 network communication
Figure 2: GOOSE message found with differences on the network
Figure 3: Tapping into the link to supervise the network traffic (GOOSE, SV, PTP)
Figure 5: Measuring packet delay in a combined Ethernet/HSR network
Figure 4: Supervisor event list with details of a GOOSE time to live expired event
Figure 6: Possible setup to measure propagation asymmetry in PRP networks
Authors Matthias Wehinger, MSc, studied Computer science at the Konstanz University of Applied Science in Germany and received the MSc degree of Integrated Product Development from the Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences in Austria.
Fred Steinhauser, Dr.Technical Sciences, studied electricalengineering at the Vienna University ofTechnology, where he received his diploma in1986 and was promoted to Doctor in 1991. In 1998, he startedat OMICRON and has been working onvarious topics for the protection testing ofenergy systems. From 2000 to 2014 hechanged to product management with a focuson communication in switchgear. Since 2014,he is head of Power Utility Communication atOMICRON.
He started working in product development of testing tools at OMICRON in 2003 and was involved in the introduction of new technologies for test object modelling.
Fred Steinhauser represents OMICRON in theUCA International Users Group. As a member of the WG10 and WG17 in the TC57 of theIEC, he is involved in the IEC 61850 standard. Fred Steinhauser
He is also a member of the SC B5 of CIGRÉ.
Since 2014 he works as innovation manager for power utility communication products at OMICRON. Matthias Wehinger
matthias.wehinger@omicronenergy.com
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24660231
Requirement :
Township works package I for thermal power project stage -III.
Requirement :
Provision of Solar Power Plant Of 1 Mw At Af Stn.
Requirement :
Tender Estimated Cost :
INR 804,463,000
Document Fees :
INR 3,000
Closing Date :
31/10/2017
EMD :
INR 595,000
Location :
Orissa (Odisha) - India
Tender Estimated Cost :
INR 54,000,000
Construction of 66/11 KV Receiving Substations, 33/11 KV Receiving Substations and LT Distribution Substations along with associated Lines in Industrial areas Samba, Province on turnkey basis under Prime Minister.
Closing Date :
27/09/2017
Document Fees :
INR 25,000
EMD :
INR 20,000,000
Tender Estimated Cost :
INR 1,000,000,000
Buyer/Seller :
Security Services
Document Sale To :
27/09/2017
Ref. Number :
24528687
Location :
Gujarat - India
Requirement :
Provision Of Solar Power Plant Of Capacity Of 5 Mw At Mhow
Closing Date :
27/09/2017
Buyer/Seller :
Power Plant
Document Sale To :
27/09/2017
Ref. Number :
24753049
Location :
Jammu-kashmir - India
Requirement :
Quality Management Of Steam Water & Operation Of Water Treatment Plants, Expansion Power Plant, Nspcl.
Buyer/Seller :
Industrial Development Agencies
Document Fees :
INR 3,000
EMD :
INR 1,500,000
Tender Estimated Cost :
INR 290,000,000
Closing Date :
26/09/2017
Document Fees :
INR 2,250
Ref. Number :
24535355
Document Sale To :
26/09/2017
EMD :
INR 311,000
Requirement :
Location :
Madhya Pradesh - India
Tender Estimated Cost :
INR 13,988,095
Establishing 2 x 12.5 MVA, 66/11 KV Substation at Kudumalakunte Industrial Area, in Taluk, District.
Buyer/Seller :
Security Services
Closing Date :
9/10/2017
Ref. Number :
24794689
Location :
Chhattisgarh - India
Requirement :
Provision of Solar Power Plant At Af Stn.
Document Fees :
INR 3,000
EMD :
INR 650,000
Tender Estimated Cost :
INR 65,000,000
Closing Date :
25/09/2017
Document Sale To :
25/09/2017
Location :
Rajasthan - India
Construction of 66KV LILO Line to Proposed 66/11KV Substation at Kudumalakunte Industrial Area using Drake Conductor for a Distance of 8.636Kms in the Existing 33KV Idle Line Corridor under Self Execution Scheme.
Buyer/Seller :
Power Plant
Ref. Number :
24522172
Requirement :
Construction of 400/220/132kV S/S Firozabad SAS based.
Document Fees :
INR 10,500
EMD :
INR 2,050,000
EMD :
INR 38,400,000
Tender Estimated Cost :
INR 1,920,000,000
Tender Estimated Cost :
INR 205,000,000
Closing Date :
18/09/2017
Closing Date :
27/09/2017
Document Sale To :
18/09/2017
Location :
Uttar Pradesh - India
Location :
Karnataka - India
Get access to 70 Lakh+ New Government & Private Tenders Annualy only on www.TenderTiger.com ProcureTiger helps buyers in automating his purchase & sales using tools like eRFQ, eTendering, Reverse Auction, Forward Auction, eAuction, Indent Management, Contract Management etc. Looking for Tenders Services? For more details please contact to +91-9825079334 or mail us on sales@TenderTiger.com OR register at www.TenderTiger.com
Projects State Government | Punjab | PID: 168995
State Government | Haryana | PID: 169026
Plans To Revive Broadcast Project In Punjab | Updated On: 05 - Sep - 2017
Power Lines Project In Haryana | Updated On: 06 - Sep - 2017
State Government | Himachal Pradesh | PID: 168960
Central Government/Public Sector | Not Classified | PID: 169037
Plans To 167 Hydroelectric Projects In Himachal Pradesh | Updated On: 04 - Sep - 2017
Plans To Supply Electricity Project In India | Updated On: 06 - Sep - 2017 Corporations/ Associations/ Others | Uttar Pradesh | PID: 168992
Private Sector | Madhya Pradesh | PID: 168931 Plans To Set Up POWER PLANT Project In Madhya Pradesh | Updated On: 01 - Sep - 2017 Central Government/Public Sector | Mizoram | PID: 168872 Plans To 60 MW Tuirial Hydroelectric Project In Mizoram | Updated On: 31 - Aug - 2017
Private Sector | Multi State | PID: 168891 Plans To Set Up HVDC Terminals And DC XLPE Cable System With HVDC Bipole Link Between Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu And Kerala | Updated On: 31 - Aug - 2017
Waste-To-Energy Plant Project In Uttar Pradesh | Updated On: 05 - Sep - 2017 State Government | Punjab | PID: 168995 Plans To Revive Broadcast Project In Punjab | Updated On: 05 - Sep - 2017 State Government | Himachal Pradesh | PID: 168960 Plans To 167 Hydroelectric Projects In Himachal Pradesh | Updated On: 04 - Sep - 2017 Private Sector | Madhya Pradesh | PID: 168931 Plans To Set Up POWER PLANT Project In Madhya Pradesh | Updated On: 01 - Sep - 2017
Private Sector | Madhya Pradesh | PID: 168837 Value: Rs. 183.53Crore | Railway Electrification Works (Chhindwara-NainpurMandla Fort Section) Project In India | Updated On: 30 - Aug - 2017
Central Government/Public Sector | Mizoram | PID: 168872 Plans To 60 MW Tuirial Hydroelectric Project In Mizoram | Updated On: 31 - Aug - 2017
Private Sector | Multi State | PID: 168865 Value: Rs. 1500 Crore | Waste-To-Energy Projects In India | Updated On: 30 - Aug - 2017
State Government | Maharashtra | PID: 168815
Private Sector | Multi State | PID: 168891 Plans To Set Up HVDC Terminals And DC XLPE Cable System With HVDC Bipole Link Between Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu And Kerala | Updated On: 31 - Aug - 2017
POWER PLANT Project In Maharashtra | Updated On: 29 - Aug - 2017
Get access to 70 Lakh+ New Government & Private Tenders Annualy only on www.TenderTiger.com ProcureTiger helps buyers in automating his purchase & sales using tools like eRFQ, eTendering, Reverse Auction, Forward Auction, eAuction, Indent Management, Contract Management etc. Looking for Tenders Services? For more details please contact to +91-9825079334 or mail us on sales@TenderTiger.com OR registerMIR at www.TenderTiger.com ||www.electricalmirror.net|| ROR || SEPTEMBER 2017 ELECTRICAL
71
Product Info
Han® 16 HPR EasyCon: Robust Connectors for Miniaturisation in the Rail Sector
Covers all the essential requirements for a rail vehicle interface HARTING has optimised the dimensions of the Han® 16 HPR EasyCon so well that that there is enough room for two to four high-current contacts (up to 2 x 650 A) in even a small installation space. Power can be supplied to rail vehicle compressors, single-wheel drives and ventilation systems within this performance range. Delivering compact performance, this new connector addresses the trend for miniaturisation in the rail sector. Han® 16 HPR EasyCon covers all the essential requirements for a rail vehicle interface. It combines a high transmission capacity, an extremely compact build and the highest possible number of contacts for the available installation space with a robust and reliable design. The two-part housing provides plenty of space for cables and is easy to install. HARTING
also provides accessories for easy additional tension relief and cable shield connections. In addition to the high-current contacts, the new connector can also be installed with six different Han-Modular® modules – for power and signal transmission, for example. Han® 16 HPR EasyCon is the only HARTING housing in this size with a frame with enough room to accommodate so many modules. Users can save a quarter of installation space compared to the next connector size up with this option. The simple contact retainer and housing design enables rapid installation. The hood and mounting housing are ready to be screwed together in just a few quick and easy steps. The shielding remains visible to the operator throughout the installation process. The design of the HARTING shield connection is so
Caption: Han® 16 HPR EasyCon: Small but Powerful.
robust and reliable that the risk of attenuation loss is minimised. Han® 16 HPR EasyCon is the crowning glory of the HARTING range for the rail sector: alongside Han® 34 and Han® 24 HPR EasyCon, it is the solution for applications requiring connectors with smaller dimensions – addressing the trend for miniaturisation.
Train Recognition on the Railway Track With Robust New UHF RFID Antenna Ideal for in Environments With Special Temperature Range Requirements The new Ha-VIS RF-ANT-WR24 UHF antenna range is extremely robust and reliable. This antenna range is ideal for creating gates for container tracking and identifying platforms where the antenna is installed directly under the train. The antenna is also suitable for applications in conditions of extreme temperature. Adding to the existing HARTING UHF RFID product portfolio, there are three models in the new antenna range. The WR24-i is ideal for Industrial use. The minimalistic design and N connector also make it suitable for special gate applications such as train
recognition on the railway track. Made of stainless steel, the WR24-r is ideal where a mechanically robust solution is a must. This design also comes without a connector on the antenna. All antenna features are designed for installation in extreme conditions – under the train, for example. And the WR24-t is the HARTING solution for implementing UHF applications in environments with special temperature range requirements. This antenna can even operate at +150 ° Celsius.
Caption: The Ha-VIS RF-ANT-WR24 UHF antenna range is extremely robust and reliable.
Han-Eco® Outdoor: Weatherproof Seals Ideal for Outdoor Applications
Saving considerable installation time
HARTING presents Han-Eco® A Outdoor – the connector in high-performance plastic for use outdoors. The series now also offers standard A-sized housings for configuring robust and flexible interfaces for demanding environmental conditions. The benefits of Han-Eco® A housings now extend to outdoor use: especially the option of fitting pre-assembled inserts to the back of the mounting housing, saving considerable installation time. Han-Eco® A Outdoor seals are made of a different material from industrial housings. High-quality profile
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and flange gaskets made of fluorinated rubber (FPM) are oriented towards the Han M® housing. This material offers amazing resistance to environmental conditions, making Han-Eco® A Outdoor the best connector for outdoor use. In addition, all the popular benefits of the Han-Eco® series have been retained: these lightweight plastic connectors are easy to install and corrosion-resistant, providing customers with flexible assembly options. The integral frame as well as the option for an integral cable gland reduce the number of parts that can be fitted.
Caption: Weatherproof seals make Han-Eco® A Outdoor the ideal connector for outdoor applications.
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4Han® Connectors for Explosive Atmospheres Meet US Standards Preventing it from being opened by accident in an explosive atmosphere Since this this spring, connectors are now be available in all sizes in the Han® Ex series for explosive atmospheres – meeting US standard NEC 500. These housings are permitted for use in Class I, Division II hazardous locations. This product range for the North American market includes inserts and housings from sizes 3A to 24B. Like all Han® Ex connectors, they ensure protection class IP65 when plugged in. Their blue colour is for easy identification of inherently safe circuits. The Han® Ex series’ contact inserts provide a high number of poles in the smallest of spaces. Up to 24 contacts can be located in the size 24B housing, for example. Crimp and screw terminals
as well as Han-Quick Lock® can be used for creating connections. Housings are equipped with cable outlets for thread sizes M20 to M40. Extremely robust metal locking levers are used to lock the connector and can only be released with a tool, preventing it from being opened by accident in an explosive atmosphere. Compared to hardwiring, users of Han® Ex connectors can increase the flexibility of their application, reduce down-time to maintenance work and increase installation safety. This is particularly applicable for explosive atmospheres in the mining and chemical industries and process automation.
Caption: Han® Ex connectors now meet the NEC 500 standard for the North American market. Contact: HARTING Technology Group Michael Klose Manager Media and Public Relations Marienwerderstr. 3 32339 Espelkamp Phone: + 49 5772 47-744 Fax: + 49 5772 47-400 Michael.Klose@HARTING.com Additional information on the internet at www.HARTING.com
MECO “POWERGUARD” MECO offer POWERGUARD in four Models – PG07, PG08, PG09, PG09H POWERGUARD is a simple to use and easy to handle product which can be widely used because of its portability and light weight. It can be used to measure various parameters like Voltage (V), Current(mA), Power factor(PF), Power consumption(kw), Energy usage time(EUT), Energy consumption(kWh), Frequency(Hz) and Carbon Emission (CO2). You can use POWERGUARD • During Research & Development to measure power factor, energy consumption and current drawn by your product & use the measurements to optimize your product design. • For Quality Check on the manufacturing line POWERGUARD will help you to know power consumption of your manufactured Electrical Products. • At the Point of Sale POWERGUARD will help you to demonstrate energy efficiency of your product over competition.
• POWERGUARD is also useful during field visits to help you to demonstrate testing of appliances easily as this is a handy product. • You should use POWERGUARD because • It is an economical product and gives maximum value for your money. • You don’t need to buy many instruments to measure different parameters; as POWERGUARD has 7 – 8 measurements in one instrument. • It has memory retention so that it stores selected data during the power failure or power off condition. • Simple to use, Easy to handle and accurate to measure. • Backlight display helps to read even in dark / low light areas.
How to use POWERGUARD?
Just put POWERGUARD’s plug into power socket, and then put your electric equipment’s plug into Power Guard’s socket, values of each given parameters can be displayed on LCD.
Product Name
MECO POWERGUARD
For Details Please Visit : Website : www.mecoinst.com
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Product Info
Level Indicators
Visual level indicators combine up to three functions in one instrument: Level indicator, level switch and level transmitter. The display that can be read even over large distances works without energy and automatically as a result of the physical law of liquids in communicating vessels. The WEKA visual level indicators are characterized by their compact design and the wide range of applications.
Wide application range
Operating pressures can range from a vacuum up to 500 bar as well as calculation pressures for the float standpipe up to the nominal pressure PN 630. Liquid densities > 0.27 g/cm3 as well as a temperature range from 77 K to 673 K (-196 °C to 400 °C) allow use in applications for cryogenic liquid gases as well as in water hydraulics and steam boilers. Hermetically sealed floats for condensing media are available up to a max. operating pressure of 320 bar.
Flexibility through choice of suitable materials
• Standard materials: 316/316L 1.4435/1.4404,
group A4 stainless austenitic steel. • Other possible stainless austenitic steels: 304/304L 1.4301/1.4306, 1.4571, 321, 1.4541.
Energy-free, automatic operation
The WEKA visual level indicator is ideal for the commissioning of systems. The display works without energy and automatically as a result of the physical law of liquids in communicating vessels. Independent of a controller - and thus also independent in the event of a power supply failure - visual level indication on site is ensured.
Excellent readability
The wide, red- and silver-colored flag indicator system is easily and clearly readable, even from over large distances. The fully transparent flag indicator system made of polycarbonate (PC) also ensures readability from the side. The liquids, which are not always unproblematic and sometimes also hazardous, are safely enclosed in the dense and pressure-tight float standpipe and separated from the indicator.
Level measurement
As described, WEKA visual level indicators offer the ideal solution for almost all operating conditions. For most applications, you will find a suitable device from our standard program. Again and again, however, customized solutions are also required for special operating conditions. Many designs can, for example, also be used in hazardous areas according to ATEX or IECEx. (ATEX is a widely used synonym for the ATEX guidelines of the european union.) The designation ATEX is derived from the french abbreviation for atmosphere explosibles. Our instruments can thus also be used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
Signal Conditioning is only 6 mm Wide The cost-effective 3000 series equipped with patented technologies The 3000 series gives you high accuracy, fast response time and low temperature drift without compromise. All 6 mm devices can be mounted on a standard DIN rail or power rail with no air gap separation. • Accurately converting temperature signals to analog or digital, now with HART® technology. • Provides exceptionally high, safe isolation between the
input, output and supply. • All the reliable, flexible and user-friendly features you need for top performance. • High performance modules suitable for both process and factory automation. • Low power consumption and economical, resource-saving solutions. Our ingenious 6 mm range enables you to have upwards of 50 units or 100 channels in just 30 cm.
For Further Details Contact :
PR 3000 Series
Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267,Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai - 600010 Contact: +91 44 26445626 /8983 Email :sales@toshniwal.net Web: www.toshniwal.net
Temperature Devices
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2nd Solar Today Expo ................................................................................ 68
Mersen India Pvt. Ltd. .............................................................................
65
Cable & Wire Fair ..................................................................................... 31
Next Gen Equipments Pvt. Ltd. ...............................................................
77
FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd ..................................................................... 17
Middle East Electricity .............................................................................
63
Green-Watt Techno Solutions Pvt. Ltd. ..................................................... FG
Omicron Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................
61
H.D. Wires Pvt. Ltd. ..................................................................................
21
Precision Wires India Ltd. ........................................................................
37
HPL Electric & Power Ltd. ......................................................................... IFC
Quippo Energy Ltd. ..................................................................................
P-05
Heatflex Cables Pvt. Ltd ............................................................................ 19
Scope T & M Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................
P-03
Indian Oil .................................................................................................... P-07
Slimlites Electricals Pvt. Ltd .....................................................................
IBC
Inter Solar India ........................................................................................ 57
Solar Expo India ......................................................................................
75
ISA Advance Instruments India Pvt. Ltd. .................................................. BC
Sonel Instruments Pvt. Ltd. .....................................................................
80
KLJ Polymers & Chemical India ................................................................ 23
The Motwane MFG. Co. Pvt. Ltd ............................................................... 79
KVTEK Power Systems Pvt. Ltd. ................................................................. P-01
Tibrewala Electronics Ltd. ........................................................................
43
Maxwell Scientific Corporation .................................................................. 49
Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt. Ltd. .......................................................................
25
Meco Meters Pvt. Ltd. ................................................................................ 15
Wheels Polymers Pvt. Ltd. .......................................................................
P-09
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EVENT DIARY Month/Date Location Web
: September 14-16, 2017 : Delhi, India : www.electronica-india.com
About Event electronica India. A place that is unique in the universe as we know it. Nowhere else are there as many ways to promote your business and get an exclusive look into the future of the electronics industry in India.
Month/Date : 5 – 7 October 2017 Location : New Delhi, India Web : www.cablewirefair.com About Event Cable & Wire Fair 2017 (CWF17), the second edition will take place from 5 – 7 October 2017 at Hall 12 & 12A, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India
Month/Date : 06- 08 October 2017 Location : Hotel Gulmor, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Web : www.tradeshows.tradeindia.com/electromaindia About Event Electroma Expo would provide an upbeat, pioneering & value based platform for interaction within professionals, distributors, Dealers, Retailers & OEM of latest Electric, Electronic & Solar Energy manufacturing technology under one roof. The expo would focus on the latest technology & products of the sector thereby proving an ideal platform f or disseminating the knowledge & innovations etc.
Month/Date : 18th - 19th October 2017 AugustLocation : Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Phone : +91-9036981048 Website : www.kingdom-renewableenergy.com About Event Kingdom Renewable Energy summit 2017 will give you a latest renewable energy technologies and solutions. Renewable energy is increasingly becoming a new sector in the Kingdom and is expected to expand until the new renewable energy program can reach its target by 2023. So it is a right time to start focusing on Renewable energy, and the benefits in world market 78 SEPTEMBER 2017 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR
Month/Date : 03-05 November 2017 Location : BTI, Ground Raipur Chhattisgarh, India Phone : +91-9873609092 / 9212271729 Website : http://www.tradeshows.tradeindia.com/asiaenergytechexpo About Event We are pleased to inform you that BSL Confrence & Exhibition pvt ltd organizing Asia Energy Tech Expo 2017 ,which will be held in 3rd to 5th November''2017 at BTI, Ground Raipur , Chhattisgarh , India . Asia Energy Tech Expo 2017 provide the ultimate business solution for the Meetings and Events industry, uniting and elite class of buyers from india and around the world.
Month/Date Location Web
: December 5–7, 2017 : Mumbai, India : www.intersolar.in
About Event Intersolar India is the country’s largest exhibition and conference for the solar industry. It takes place annually at the Bombay Exhibition Centre (BEC) in Mumbai.
Month/Date : 06 - 08 March 2018 Location : DUBAI WORLD TRADE CENTRE, UAE Web : www.middleeastelectricity.com About Event MEE is the region’s leading international trade event for the power industry, with dedicated product sectors for power generation, transmission & distribution, lighting, solar and brand new in 2018 - Energy Storage & Management Solutions.
Month/Date Location Web
: March 10–14, 2018 : Greater Noida, NCR, India : elecrama.com
About Event The biggest showcase of the world of electricity, ELECRAMA brings together the complete spectrum of solutions that powers the planet. Featuring not just equipment & technology, but peerless thought leadership platforms for everything electric – from technical conferences to industry summits.
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RNI Regd. No. DELENG/2011/39089 . Postal Regd. No. DL(E)-20/5393/201517. Posted at Krishna Nagar P. O. Delhi - 110051 on 14th/ 15th of every month. English . Monthly . Date of Publication 5th of Every Month.