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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR An outlook of the electrical & power industry

EDITOR’S DESK

Editor

Alka Puri

Associate Editor Shefali Bisht Ambika Gagar

“Power Sector – A Huge Investment Potential”

Editorial Advisor

India is the 5th power generation country in the world. The energy sector in India has seen a transformational change with progressive policy-level changes and effective implementation of directives. These changes promise enormous opportunities for various stakeholders and market players.

Design & Production

However, deep thinking on various aspects of policy and regulatory interventions and their long-term implications will help in taking informed decisions and contribute in developing the sector.

N.P.K. Reddy

Avnish Kumar

Business Head-India

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.co.in

Manager West & South India

Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.co.in

Sales & Marketing Neha Rajesh Kumar Hemant Chauhan

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Chauhan Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.co.in Call: 011-65104350/ 011-22758660

Energy is one of the key enablers for the country’s economic development. With the certainty in policy-level interventions, the economy is bound to propagate and the demand for energy will inevitably surge. Other than economic growth, human developmental aspects like poverty reduction, employment generation, etc. are also considerably dependent on secure energy supply. The power sector is a major consumer of energy and it has a significant impact on economic developments and social welfare. Per-capita electricity consumption of the country has now crossed 1,000 kilowatt-hour (kWh), but still, it is far below the average global consumption. The Indian power sector has an investment potential of Rs 15 trillion (US$ 237 billion) in the next 4–5 years, thereby providing immense opportunities in power generation, distribution, transmission, and equipment, according to Union Minister Piyush Goyal. The government’s immediate goal is to generate two trillion units (kilowatt hours) of energy by 2019. This means doubling the current production capacity to provide 24x7 electricity for residential, industrial, commercial and agriculture use.

Please give us your feedback at editor@electricalmirror.in All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi-110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com

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Editor

Editor : Alka Puri

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

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contents

Event Review

2nd Smart Cities India 2016 Expo Attracts 325 Exhibitors from 40 Countries

32 Cover Story Overview of Indian Power Sector

10 News Update First 800 MW Supercritical Thermal Power Plant in Karnataka Commissioned by BHEL

Order and Contract BHEL Bags ` 16K Million Order for Setting up Thermal Power Project in Odisha

Indepth Micro Inverters : A Game Changer in Solar Photovoltaics

Focus - Power Factor Power Factor & Electricity Bill 8

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55 Company Awards Shriram Automall Adds two New Feater in its Cap by winning two prestigious awards at Indian Brand Convention - BAM Awards 2016

Guest Article Let’s breathe better……

Case Study of The Month VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUBSTATION Contd….

Product Info KLJ Group CEM Instruments Meco Instruments Hioki India Private Limited FLIR Systems India Phoenix Contact India Pvt. Ltd.

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62 62 64 64 66 66

Advertisement Index

Event Diary

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First 800 MW Supercritical Thermal Power Plant in Karnataka Commissioned by BHEL

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has successfully commissioned the first 800 MW Supercritical thermal unit in Karnataka, which is also the highest rating unit in the state. The unit has been commissioned at the 2x800 MW Yeramarus Thermal Power Station (TPS) located in Raichur district of Karnataka. Yeramarus is being developed by Raichur Power Corporation Limited (RPCL) - a Joint Venture of Karnataka Power Corporation Limited (KPCL) and BHEL. The second unit of this project is also in an advanced stage of construction and is expected to be commissioned shortly. BHEL’s scope of work for the project envisaged design, engineering, manufacture, supply, erection and commissioning of state-of-the-art supercritical Boiler and Turbine Generators along with associated civil works and agreed Balance of Plant (BoP) packages. The key equipment for the project has been manufactured by BHEL at its Haridwar, Bhopal, Ranipet, Hyderabad, Jhansi,

Thirumayam and Bengaluru plants, while the construction of the plant has been undertaken by the company’s Power Sector- Southern Region. BHEL has been a major partner of KPCL in the development of Karnataka’s power sector. BHEL has supplied and executed 4,010 MW of coal-based sets for KPCL and its JV, accounting for 95% of their installed coal-based capacity. BHEL had earlier commissioned the 700 MW Bellary Stage-3 supercritical project in Karnataka. The company is

also presently executing KPCL’s first gas-based combined cycle power project of 370 MW capacity involving a fuel-efficient advanced-class gas turbine at Yelahanka. BHEL is the market leader in both the subcritical as well as the supercritical segments in the country. BHEL has contracted 48 supercritical Steam Generators (Boilers) and 41 supercritical Steam Turbine Generators - the highest in the country by any power equipment manufacturer. Notably, in the fiscal 2015-16 itself, BHEL has been entrusted with orders for 12 supercritical Steam Generators and 10 supercritical Steam Turbine Generators by various utilities. Of the contracted sets, BHEL has already commissioned 11 supercritical Steam Generators and 9 supercritical Steam Turbine Generators in the country. BHEL has once again proved its prowess as a leading supercritical power equipment manufacturer having assimilated stateof-the-art supercritical technology, suited to Indian conditions.

Schneider Electric Named to Gartner’s Supply Chain Top 25 Ranking for First Time Schneider Electric, the global specialist in energy management and automation, today announced it has been named to the Gartner Supply Chain Top 25 for 2016. Gartner’s rankings, published May 19, 2016, identify supply chain leaders and highlight their best practices for heads of supply chain and strategy organizations¹. Schneider Electric moved from #34 in last year’s global rankings to #18 this year to join the top 25 for the first time in the company’s history. “This is outstanding recognition for our company, our Life Is On brand strategy and our employees who are dedicated 10 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

President, Chief Supply Chain Officer, Schneider Electric. “Our goal is to ensure that our large base of global customers experience the benefits of our tailored supply chain approach. We believe Gartner’s Top 25 rating confirms our position in the market and our commitment to providing customers with best-in-class supply chains that meet their unique challenges.”

to excellence and delivering on the promise made to our customers,” said Annette Clayton, Executive Vice

Gartner identified the top 25 performers in their 2016 report based on two main components: business performance and opinion. The Top 25 is selected from among a master list of companies on the Fortune Global 500 and Global 2000 annual rankings. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

Azure Power Inaugurates 28 MW Solar Power Plant in Punjab Azure Power, a leading Indian solar power company, today inaugurated a 28 MW solar power plant in Killianwali village of Muktsar district, Punjab. Simultaneously, the Foundation Stone for a 150 MW solar project was laid in the same village. The newly operational solar plant was commissioned in a record period of under ten months from the signing of the Power Purchase Agreement. With a combined investment value of INR 1,000 crore, these two plants will generate power to meet the electricity requirements of the nearby villages. The tariffs for these plants range from INR 5.62 to 7.33kWh. Apart from electrifying vicinity, these plants are expected to create employment

opportunities for an estimated 1000 local workers. Azure Power continues to demonstrate its position as a leader in the solar market, with total solar portfolio of 225 MW in the state of Punjab, making the company the largest owner and operator of solar power plants in the state. The event was graced by Deputy Chief Minister of the state of Punjab, Sardar Sukhbir Singh Badal. The ceremony was commemorated in the presence of Azure Powerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s senior leadership including Mr. HS Wadhwa, COO and Mr. Preet Sandhu, Co-founder, Azure

Power. The Punjab governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s support through various solar policies under Punjab Energy Development Agency have facilitated in the implementation of these projects.

India and USA Signs MoU to Enhance Cooperation on Energy Security A Memorandum of Understanding ( MoU) between the Government of India and the Government of the United States of America was signed here today to enhance cooperation on energy security, clean energy and climate change . Shri P.K. Pujari, Secretary, Ministry of Power, Government of India and Mr. Richard R Verma, US Ambassador to India, signed MoU on behalf of Government of India & USA respectively.

energy and climate change through increased bilateral engagement and further joint initiatives for promoting sustainable growth. These activities are intended to increase incentives for innovation including research and development, and voluntary and

mutually-agreed technology transfer, as well as the deployment of clean energy technologies in both countries; contribute to a global effort to curb the rise in greenhouse gas emissions; and enhance resilience to the impacts of climate change.

Speaking on the occasion, Shri P.K. Pujari said that USA and India are already working in some areas and this MoU will help in expanding our horizon. It will provide framework to work more closely not only for betterment of our own people but also for creating a positive environment for US companies working in India. Appreciating efforts of Indian Government, Mr. Richard R Verma said that this MoU will provide momentum for cooperative work which needs to be done in fields of energy security, clean energy and climate change. The objective of the MoU is to enhance cooperation on energy security, clean ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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ABB Software to Enhance Reliability of Power Network in US and Boost Renewable Integration

ABB has successfully combined the recently implemented ABB network management system with an outage management software solution for National Grid USA in New York and Massachusetts. This project enables National Grid to now also monitor and control in real-time its distribution infrastructure and enables quick detection of possible outages, as well as immediate dispatch of field crews to reestablish power for the utility’s 3.4 million energy customers across the northeastern US. This platform allows National Grid to play a strong role in New York State’s Reforming the Energy Vision initiative, designed to develop new business models between utilities and

technology companies to enable new clean energy solutions that increase competitiveness of renewable energy resources, strengthen the state’s energy infrastructure to withstand extreme weather events and ensure system security and resiliency. “We are proud to provide this sustainable and innovative outage management software solution that will improve power security for the

people of New York and Massachusetts” said Claudio Facchin, President of ABB’s Power Grids division. “A key element of our Next Level Strategy is leveraging our software portfolio to help utilities improve reliability and ensure safe and clean energy delivery to their customers utilizing the Internet of Things, Services and People.” ABB’s outage management software solution facilitates real-time monitoring and control, network analysis, network optimization, outage management and business analytics capabilities in an integrated software platform, which enables utilities to enhance system reliability, improve customer satisfaction and reduce total cost of ownership, both and into the future.

Siemens Strengthens Partnership with Sri Lanka; Signs Memorandum of Understanding with the Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development Siemens, a renowned global leader in the area of Smart Cities, strengthened its partnership with Sri Lanka by signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development to offer expertise and best practices from its globally-proven, state-of-the-art, Sustainable, Smart City solutions portfolio. The MoU was signed by Lakshman Jayasekara, Project Director / Team Leader, Western Region Megapolis Planning Project and Mr. Anirudh Tandon, Country Manager, Siemens Limited Sri Lanka, in the presence of Mr. Nayana Mawilmada, Head of Investments, Western Region Megapolis Planning Project, Sri Lanka; M.M. Anura Prasanna, Deputy Director, Urban Development Authority, Sri Lanka; Sunil Mathur, Managing Director and CEO, Siemens Limited India and Ranjith Pandithage, Chairman and 12 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

Managing Director, Diesel & Motor Engineering PLC. The prime objective of the Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development is to bring systematic changes and development processes into the urban community in Sri Lanka, which will

ensure that the inhabitants of urban areas become a part of socio-economic development of the country while maintaining high levels in quality of life. This will pave the way for making Sri Lanka a commercial, naval and aviation hub of Asia.

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Total Estimated Investment of ` 86K Crores in Renewable Energy Power Projects During Last 3 Years

Most of the investment in renewable energy come from private sector. Total estimated investment in renewable energy power projects during last three years is around Rs. 86,000 crore. As per inputs provided by Central Electricity Authority (CEA), around 15,400 MU has been generated through solar energy during the last three years and it has met the energy requirement to that extent in the country. This was stated by Shri Piyush Goyal, Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal & New and Renewable Energy in a written reply to a question in the Lok Sabha today. The Minister further stated that Government is promoting solar energy by providing fiscal and promotional

loan, concessional excise and custom duties, preferential tariff for power generation from renewables, and foreign direct investment up to 100 per cent under the automatic route.

incentives such as capital and/or interest subsidy, tax holiday on the earnings for 10 years, generation based incentive, accelerated depreciation, viability gap funding (VGF), financing solar rooftop systems as part of home

GE Power Expands Offerings and Capability by Acquiring Doosan Engineering & Construction Heat Recovery Steam Generator Business GE Power has announced that it has signed a purchase agreement to acquire the Heat Recovery Steam Generator business of Doosan Engineering & Construction for USD 250 million. The Doosan Engineering & Construction HRSG acquisition will help GE Power meet the growing demand for its combined-cycle power plant solutions, which utilize HRSG technology, and continue to expand its customer offerings. “With the Alstom acquisition, we are now offering full power plant solutions and seeing an even greater demand for our highest-efficiency HA heavy-duty gas turbine plants,” said Steve Bolze, president and CEO of GE Power. “The Doosan Engineering & Construction HRSG acquisition will help us meet our forecasted growth and better manage costs by increasing our global manufacturing capacity and further complementing our existing HRSG 14 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

technology. We’re also gaining a talent pool that is one of the best in the world.” Doosan Engineering & Construction HRSG—Korean-based world leader in engineering, equipment and infrastructure—has been a trusted and reliable supplier to both GE and Alstom and has a long and proven history as an Alstom licensee. Upon completion of the sale, Doosan Engineering & Construction HSRG will be integrated into GE Power’s Gas Power Systems business, which already includes Alstom’s legacy HRSG business.

Under grid connected solar power schemes, the developer is decided through open and transparent bidding system. Under off grid solar programme, organisations who are interested in working in the sector can be empanelled as Channel Partners. The Ministry has empanelled Channel Partners for grid-connected roof-top, off-grid and solar water heater categories. The Government has revised the target of solar power from 20 GW to 100 GW by 2022.

NTPC’s total installed capacity comes to 47,178 MW Company NTPC, the largest power utility in the country commissioned 200 MW out of 250 MW of Stage-I Ananthapuramu Ultra Mega Solar Power Project on April 30, 2016. With this, the total capacity of non-conventional energy projects of NTPC has become 310 MW. Government of Jharkhand has notified ‘PTPS Transfer Scheme, 2015’ on April 01, 2016 transferring specified assets of Patratu Thermal Power Station to PUVNL, a subsidiary company of NTPC, resulting in addition of 325 MW to NTPC’s Group capacity. The total installed capacity of NTPC group has now become 47,178 MW through 18 coal based, 7 gas based, 9 solar renewable, one hydro and 9 Joint Venture power stations. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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Small Wind Solar Hybrid System to Provide Electricty to Unelectrified Areas

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is implementing a programme to promote the installation of Small Wind Energy and Hybrid Systems (SWES) with the objective to provide electricity in unelectrified areas or areas with intermittent electric supply. The firstsuch Pilot-cum- demonstration project of 25 KW capacity will be installed at the wind turbine test station of National Institute of Wind Energy at Kayathar, Tootikudi District, Tamil Nadu. Under the programme, MNRE provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) to community users for installation of such systems. The total installed capacity as on 31st March 2016 is 2.69 MW. There

The SWES projects have been highly successful in USA and European countries. Initially, 10 such demonstration projects will be supported for grid integration. The tentative cost for each of the roject will be in the range of Rs 2-3 lakh per KW, depending upon the configuration and location of the projects. The Ministry will support upto 50% of the project cost.

are 6 small wind turbine manufacturers and 9 models empanelled under this programme.

Havells Forays into Automation and Smart Solution Business Segment Havells India Limited, a leading Fast Moving Electrical Goods company has forayed into the fast growing segment of “Integrated Automation and Control Solutions”. The new range is being launched under its premium brand ‘Crabtree’ in association with one of world’s leading automation company HDL Automation. Consumers are now appreciating and opting for technologically advanced products and this demand is further expected to rise with the Government’s focus on ‘Smart City Project’. As part of the launch strategy, Crabtree will offer customized automation solutions for home, commercial, hotel and public utility sector. The automation industry is driven by four major parametersconvenience, style, energy efficiency and security thereby enhancing consumer lifestyle. Automation has found new relevance in today’s fast paced lifestyle. Not only does it eases lives of people but also provides access to home from anywhere in the world. It allows individuals to control lights, appliances, monitor children and elderly people and many more 16 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

features via mobile apps. The solution also comes with inbuilt censors, which will alert the owner in case of any fire, gas leakage, intrusion/security breach and theft. In the hospitality Industry automation provides luxurious experience to guests by giving them the convenience of operating all devices from anywhere in their rooms with the click of a button. For commercial/government sector the automation provides convenience of operating red light or street lights are operated and controlled from a central location minimizing human dependence.

The installation of such projects and its success would lead towards launching of National Programme on Grid connected small wind and solar hybrid system in future.

Power Grid Corporation wins India Pride Award 2015-2016

Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWER GRID) is conferred India Pride Awards 2015-16 for ‘Excellence in Energy and Power’ in the category of PSU-Central by the leading media house, Dainik Bhaskar. The Awards were presented by Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu, Hon’ble Union Minister of Urban Development, Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation and Parliamentary Affairs in the august presence of Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad, Hon’ble Union Minister of Communications and Information Technology, and Shri Radha Mohan Singh, Hon’ble Union Minister of Agriculture at a function held in New Delhi.

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Mitsubishi Electric to Upgrade IMEWE Cable System

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has announced that it will upgrade the India-Middle East-Western Europe (IMEWE) Cable System with 100gigabit per second (Gbps) dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) based on a contract signed on October 4, 2015, thereby increasing the transmission capacity to 5.6Tbps. The upgrade, which will involve installing submarine line terminal equipment (SLTE) and terrestrial line terminal equipment (TLTE) in eight countries, is expected to be completed by the second quarter of 2016. The IMEWE Cable System, which was commissioned in 2010 as a 10Gbps DWDM system, is an ultra-high capacity fiber optic submarine cable system which links India to Europe via the Middle East. The system is

approximately 12,000 kilometers long and includes 10 terminal stations owned by a consortium of nine leading telecom operators in eight countries: India, Pakistan, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Lebanon, Italy and France. The cable system comprises three optical

Essar Power’s Mahan Plant Commences Plant Operations Essar Power Limited has resumed the commercial operations of Unit I of the 1,200 MW (2x600 MW) Mahan power plant. Essar Power MP Ltd, the operator of the 1200 MW power plant, located in Madhya Pradesh, has secured 3 lakh tonnes of coal through a Government conducted special forward e-auction. Essar Power MP won a captive coal mine in Tokisud in Jharkhand state in the recent coal auction. Essar has invested over Rs 10,000 crore in the 1200 MW Mahan plant which requires an estimated 5.5 MTPA of domestic coal per year and the Tokisud captive coal mine. The decline in coal prices and captive mines will enable Essar Power to fulfill its commitment to supply affordable power to the nation. The company has long-term power purchase agreements and is in the process of securing more such commitments. Sushil Maroo, Executive Vice Chairman, Essar Power, said: “We are thankful to the Government for making coal available through e-auctions and aligning coal prices to the current market scenario. It has increased the production and supply of coal, which is a welcome move for the power sector and will help other stranded power projects”. 18 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

fiber pairs with two fiber pairs on an express path, plus a terrestrial link connecting the cities of Alexandria and Suez in Egypt. Mitsubishi Electric previously upgraded the system in 2012 with 40Gbps DWDM, the latest technology available at the time.

Tata Power Renewable Completes Acquisition of 30 MW Wind Farm in Maharashtra Tata Power Renewable Energy Limited (TPREL), a 100% subsidiary of Tata Power, India’s largest integrated power company, has completed acquisition of 100% shareholding in Indo Rama Renewables Jath Limited (IRRJL), which is a 100% subsidiary of Indo Rama Renewables Limited (IRRL). IRRJL has a 30 MW operating wind farm in Sangli District of Maharashtra. The wind farm, which is fully operational since July 2013, has a long-term power purchase agreement with Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Limited and is registered under the Generation Based Incentive scheme of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy. With this acquisition, Tata Power’s total generation capacity now becomes 9213 MW and current operating non-fossil based capacity at 1704 MW. The Company has operating WIND capacity of 647 MW spread across six states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Rajasthan. Further, TPREL has an additional 500 MW of wind and solar capacity under development in the states of Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Telangana.

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Power Grid Operationalizes Ultra-High 1,200 kV Test Station at Bina

State-run Power Grid Corp operationalised its ultra-high voltage 1200 kV National Test Station (NTS) at Bina in Madhya Pradesh, which will help increase power carrying capacity. The NTS is a research and development project which now will be monitored for two years and after that the Central Electricity Authority will take a call on replicating this technology in various parts of the country. Power Grid Chairman and Managing Director I S Jha inaugurated the commencement of power flow through

World Bank Approves $625-Million Aid for India’s Solar Programme to Generate Clean Energy The World Bank’s Board has approved $625 million loan to support India’s grid connected rooftop solar programme to generate clean energy. The Board also approved a cofinancing loan of $120 million on concessional terms and a $5 million grant from Climate Investment Fund’s (CIF) Clean Technology Fund. “The project will finance the installation of at least 400 MW of grid connected rooftop solar photovoltaic ( GRPV ) across India,” the World Bank said in a statement. These solar PV installations, it said, will provide clean, renewable energy, and reduce GHG emissions by displacing thermal generation. The project will also strengthen the capacity of key institutions, and support the development of the overall solar PV market. 20 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

1200kV National Test Station (NTS) established at Bina, Madhya Pradesh by

the company, a press statement said. According to statement, this 1,200 kV station has the power carrying capacity which is five to six times more than the 400 kV stations for transmission of power. Thus this station will augment country’s transmission capacity many folds. Power Grid Corp set up this station with the help of Indian Manufacturers under Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) model with active support of Central Power Research Institute and Central Electricity Authority.

Indian Refiners Clear Part of $6.4 billion Dues to Iran Ahead of PM Modi’s Visit Ahead of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s maiden visit to Iran , Indian refiners have made first euro payments in four years to clear a part of the $6.4 billion in past oil dues. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd ( MRPL ) has paid $500 million and Indian Oil Corp $250 million over the past two days, sources with direct knowledge of the development said. Private sector Essar Oil is to pay $500 million. The refiners cleared part of their outstanding towards crude oil they buy from Iran, through Union Bank of India which in turn transmitted the payment

to National Iranian Oil Co (NIOC) through HalkBank of Turkey . They bought US dollars and deposited with Union Bank which did an onward transmission in euros. This the first payment by Indian refiners in a foreign currency since lifting of sanctions against Iran in January this year. This also comes days ahead of Modi’s two-day visit to Tehran beginning Sunday during which re-establishing credible banking channels between the two nations is likely to figure prominently during talks.

Power Minister Piyush Goyal to Visit Singapore to Boost Energy Cooperation Power Minister Piyush Goyal will lead a high-powered delegation to Singapore, eyeing deeper engagement in the energy sector with the city-state which is an important source of FDI in India. “The visit would primarily focus upon engaging with the leading energy and technology companies and also strengthening connection with Singapore’s strong investor community,” Ficci said in a statement. “It aims to further strengthen relations, which have been elevated to the level of ‘Strategic Partnership’ between the two nations having received a boost under the present Government,” it added. Singapore is a global financial hub

for clean technology funds, asset management companies and private equity funds. It is home to commodity traders especially those dealing with products like coal and natural gas. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

we.know.how.

ISA s.r.l., is a reputed manufacturer of high quality electrical test and measurement equipment since 1938. We have a state of the art manufacturing facility at Taino, a small but very beautiful town near Lake Maggiore which is around 50 km from the city of Milan, Italy. We are a truly global company with our operations spread over more than 100 countries, either through our own resource centers or through fully trained Sales Representatives. We are recognized worldwide for our Innovative Products with Rugged Hardware and User-friendly Software. All our products are developed, designed and manufactured in compliance with International standards and are tested thoroughly to be used in severe working environment like HV / EHV substations and heavy industrial plants. TDX 5000

We also have comprehensive software called Test & Data Management Software (TDMS) which helps the customer in maintaining their data base and the management and analysis of the results obtained from the testing of their electrical assets. In India, we have a subsidiary company, ISA ADVANCE INSTRUMENTS INDIA PVT. LTD., which was incorporated in September, 2012. Since our incorporation, we are growing exponentially. Our oﬃce and the support centre are based in NOIDA. We have good team of application engineers who are providing pro-active support to all our esteemed customer.

CBA 3000

We have been catering to the niche market and are supplying our instruments to the following customers: 1.Power Utilities 2.Equipment manufacturers 3.Oil & Gas sector 4.Renewable Energy producers 5.EPC contractors and Electrical Consultants 6.Testing Service Companies Our product portfolio includes diﬀerent equipment for various applications like: ●Multi-functional Test Kits for Power Transformer, Instrument Transformers etc. (STS Family) ●Automatic Three Phase Relay Test Kits (DRTS Family) ●Single Phase Secondary Injection Kits (T 1000 Plus / TD 1000 Plus) ●Circuit Breaker Analyzers (CBA 1000 / CBA 2000 / CBA 3000) ●Primary Current Injection Kits (T 2000 / T 3000 / eKAM / KAM) ●Automatic Tan Delta Test Kits (TDX 5000 / STS 3000 + TD 5000) ●Metal Oxide Surge Arrestor Test Kits (SCAR 10) ●Online Diagnostics & Measurement Systems. eKAM

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Suzlon commissions 900 MW in FY16 in India over 100% increase from FY15 Suzlon Group, one of the leading global renewable energy solutions providers in the world, announced that it has commissioned 900 MW wind energy projects during the financial year 2015-16 (FY16), of which 520 MW was commissioned in Q4 FY16. This amounts to a more than 100% increase in installations, vis-à-vis 442 MW installed during the financial year 2014-15 (FY15). Suzlon continues to maintain market leadership in India with 36% cumulative market share and diversified presence across 8 states. The year also marked the debut of Telangana in the wind energy sector with its maiden capacity addition of ~78 MW installed by Suzlon. The projects were executed for a variety of customers including Independent Power Producers (IPPs), Public Sector Units (PSUs) and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Suzlon’s newest product variant S97 120m hybrid tower constituted 31% (134 wind turbines) of its total commissioned capacity. With the installation of 900 MW in FY16, Suzlon’s cumulative global wind energy installations reach 15.50 GW consisting of 9.50 GW installations in India. The wind energy sector in India recorded its highest installation of 3,300 MW** in FY16, marking a 42.74% growth compared to FY15.

Government of Bangladesh Approves First Phase of Reliance Power’s Project in Bangladesh The Government of Bangladesh has granted in-principle approval for the first phase of Reliance Power’s project in Bangladesh. Under the approval, first phase of 750 MW power plant will be set up at Meghnaghat (Narayanganj district), around 40 km South-East of Dhaka along with the FSRU terminal at Maheshkhali Island in Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh. Power plant land at Meghnaghat will be provided by Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB). FSRU based LNG terminal will supply Re-gasified LNG for the power project and additional RLNG to PetroBangla. First Phase will be commissioned in 24 22 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

demand for electricity and will provide clean and green power contributing to the Bangladesh’s goal of energy security.

months from the zero date, in 2018-19 and can power the country’s rising

This will be the largest foreign direct investment in Bangladesh with a potential investment of over US$1.3 billion. Reliance Power is proposing to install the world-class equipment procured from internationally reputed equipment suppliers for combined cycle power project at Samalkot in Andhra Pradesh, including advanced class 9FA machines supplied by GE, in the proposed project at Bangladesh. This will help set up the project on a fast-track basis. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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of the Month

India Poised to Become Clean Energy Capital of the World

Shri Piyush Goyal, Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy released NTPC Book on bio diversity " The Good Earth " and planted a sapling along with students to commemorate Environment Day at a function held today at NTPC -PMI. Speaking on the occasion he said Indian economy shall grow by leaps and bound and so will NTPC fulfilling the aspirations of all Indians. The mission of the present government is to increase use of clean technologies and renewable for power generation making Clean India Energy Capital of the world. He also emphasized on the need to restore the forest cover depleted over a period of time through massive tree plantation. He assured its facilitation using Compensatory

Shri Goyal said the number of students may be increased with special focus on enrolment of students from rural areas over a period of time.

Afforestation Fund (CAF). He urged NTPC to increase its tree plantation target and keep a proper record reflecting ownership of the activity. He suggested NTPC nurturing a green patch in all the states it has operates in. Appreciating the role of NTPC School of Business (NSB) which conducts Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) course for engineers ( 60 Nos. )

Shri Goyal said with successful schemes like Make in India and progress in Rural Electrification the demand of power shall increase many folds. He added that NTPC has successfully demonstrated its ability to deliver large projects and producing power in an efficient reliable and affordable manner. He said that the power sector in India is focusing on environment sustainability and NTPC has taken a lead by preserving flora and fona in and around its power stations. The book released today captures the long term efforts of NTPC in the direction and shall be an inspiration for all corporate to care for environment.

Turnaround Performance for Essar Power Gujarat

Hartek Power Completes Chandigarh’s First Commercial Solar Project

Essar Power Gujarat Ltd (EPGL), which owns and operates a 1,200 MW imported coal fired thermal power plant at Salaya in Gujarat’s Devbhumi Dwarka district, has recorded a 163% growth in EBITDA in the financial year ending 31 March 2016 - within three years since commissioning.

Hartek Power, an engineering, procurement and construction company, has executed Chandigarh’s first commercial solar project at the tech park in Kishangarh. The 436-kWp project at Chandigarh Technology Park is the third largest solar PV project in the city after Punjab Engineering College, (1,000 kWp) and Government College for Girls (495 kWp).

The Salaya plant meets 9% of Gujarat state’s overall power demand. EPGL posted an EBITDA of Rs 525 crore, compared to Rs 199 crore in the previous fiscal—an increase of over 163%. The PAT is around Rs 35 crore, compared to a loss of Rs 684 crore in FY15. This turnaround in performance is attributed to higher operational efficiency, a reduction in coal prices through e-auction based procurement and normative plant availability. EPGL has aligned the repayment of the term loan to the life of the power plant under 5/25 scheme of RBI. Company has also upgraded its investment grade rating to BBB-, which will enable it to reduce its interest rates going forward.

“Having forayed into the rooftop solar segment only recently, we have installed more than 3-MW of solar PV projects already and are in the process of completing another 10 MW in Punjab,” said Hartek Singh, chairman of the Chandigarh-based company. The project also marks the Chandigarh Renewable Energy Science and Technology Promotion Society’s (CREST’s) first successful effort in the private intervention area, setting the pace for much-needed capacity additions in the commercial category.

The Salaya plant is among the best operated power plants in the country. EPGL has received several accolades for operational efficiency including the CII Award for Energy Efficiency, the Gold Category Award for Safety from Greentech Foundation and the Peabody Award for lowest emission of SO2 and NOX. 24 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

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141013-ESTA-215.9x279.4.pdf 4 2014/10/16 14:41:21

CMY

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N ews

of the Month

JP as the Best Performer in Ministry of Power & CEA Project Execution Excellence Study

24x7 electricity to all Indians, and have created an unmatched power generation infrastructure at Tamnar, Chattisgarh”, Naveen Jindal – Chairman of JSPL said. “Jindal Power is humbled to be recognized for our project execution excellence as an outcome of a comprehensive study conducted under the aegis of Ministry of Power

India has, for the first time in history, declared that it will not have a power deficit this year, a situation officials say is an outcome of the current government’s initiatives to resolve burning issues like fuel scarcity. The country will have a surplus of 3.1% during peak hours and 1.1% during non-peak hours during 2016-17, latest data from the Central Electricity Authority shows. This is the first time that the country has declared a year of no shortage though many regions have had power surplus for shorter periods. In 2015-16, the peak hour deficit stood at -3.2% while non-peak hour deficit was at -2.1%. The deficit was as high as 13% about a 26 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

and Central Electricity Authority”, he added. Mr. Naveen Jindal received the Gold Shield on behalf of Jindal Power Limited from Mr. Piyush Goyal, Honourable Union Minister of Power, Coal and Renewable Energy in the presence of Power Secretary Mr. Pradeep Kumar Pujari. While, Mr. Ravi Uppal, MD & Group CEO of JSPL received the Silver Shield from Honourable Minister Mr. Piyush Goyal. JPL’s OP Jindal Super Thermal Power Project (STPP) Unit 2 (600MW) won the ‘Gold Shield’ and Unit 1 (600 MW) won the ‘Silver Shield’ for the year 2013-14 in the category of ‘Early completion of Thermal Power Projects’.

Demand for electricity will increase manifold with implementation of central schemes like ‘Make in India’ and rural electrification, Power Minister Piyush Goyal said.

‘Make in India’, Rural Electrification to Push up Power Demand : Piyush Goyal

The project implementation of the recently completed 2400 MW Jindal Power Limited (JPL), a subsidiary of Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL), has emerged as the best performer in a comprehensive study of India’s Power Sector under the aegis of Ministry of Power and Central Electricity Authority (CEA). The power project which has the capacity to generate 20.47 Billion Units of electricity for the nation has been recognized as the best amongst all Indian Power Sector participants for “early completion of thermal power projects”. The 2400 MW super thermal power project was completed in a record time. “We are committed to participate in Government’s initiative to provide

Goyal said the power sector in India is focusing on environment sustainability and NTPC has taken a lead by preserving the flora and fauna in and around its power stations. The government aims to increase use of clean technologies and renewable energy for power generation, Goyal said.

India may not have Power Deficit Situation in FY17

decade ago. The data, based on gap between demand raised and demand met, shows that June onwards the country

will have more electricity than required. Half of the states will be surplus, while others may face shortage varying degrees.

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N ews

of the Month

Egypt’s Leading Renewable Energy Conference is Back 6-7 September 2016 Following the great success of its first edition, Advanced Conferences & Meetings is proud to announce the launch of the 2nd Annual Solar Projects Egypt conference, held on 6-7 September in Cairo. Under the patronage of the New and Renewable Energy Authority (NERA), the 2nd annualSolar Projects Egypt will address progress updates on the successful financing, designing and construction of solar plants in Egypt under its Solar FIT program. The 2nd annualSolar Projects Egypt conference program has been put together with the assistance of a high-level advisory board, which features representatives from the Ministry of Investment, LOGIC Management Consulting and Orascom TMT SAE. The advisory board members are bringing together their combined expertise to develop topics that are highly relevant to achieving Egypt’s renewable energy objectives. A glimpse on Egypt’s growing renewable energy market

the provision of utilities (roads, water and other infrastructure necessities), currency and risk mitigation strategies, as well as security and staff accommodation requirements. The vision for Egypt is to increase its share of renewable energy by 2020. The Egyptian government invited local and international companies to participate in a feed-in tariff (FIT) PV program, which was launched to achieve the target of 4,300 MW of electricity generated by solar and wind energy by 2017. An MoU was recently signed in Sharm El-Sheikh’s Economic Summit in March for producing 50 MW in the Benban area and more MOUs are expected to be finalized this year. There are also immediate plans for 2 GW to be installed over the next two years up to 2017 and a further 9,000 MW of solar planned until 2022. With the financial close of the first round expected in October 2016, the government institutions, developers and industry stakeholders will need to discuss a number of key issues including

The 2nd Annual Solar Projects Egypt will bring the value chain to discuss updates from 2015, key issues in the lead-up to the financial close for the 2.3 GW solar Fit program including permits, logistics, grid connection, water and security needs, strategies to ensure the successful delivery of the program and insights on the second round of the Solar Fit program. For further information about the conference, please visit : www.solarprojectsegypt.com There are currently sponsorship opportunities available for manufacturers and solution providers to showcase their products and services. You can contact lara. makdessi@acm-events.com or call +971 4 3614001 to find out how your business can benefit from this opportunity.

NHPC Plans to Commission 610 MW Hydro Projects This Fiscal National Hydroelectric Power Corporation ( NHPC BSE 0.41 %) expects to commission nearly 610 MW hydro projects this fiscal. “We are hopeful of commissioning two units of 40 MW each of the 160 MW Teesta Low Dam Project Stage IV in West Bengal and 330 MW Kishanganga projects,” NHPC Chairman and Managing Director KM Singh told reporters here today. The company is also hopeful of commissioning one unit of 200 MW of the 800 MW Parbati II in Himachal Pradesh. “We believe that not only we will

28 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

be able to commission the Parbati II project but also confident that the Parbati III project...will also commence operations. The water that will be used for Parbati II will be made available for Parbati III,” he said. The 520 MW Parbati III project was commissioned completely in 2014, but due to insufficient availability of water the project was not operating in its full capacity.

“We believe that not only we will be able to commission the Parbati II project but also confident that the Parbati III project...will also commence operations. The water that will be used for Parbati II will be made available for Parbati III,” he said. The 520 MW Parbati III project was commissioned completely in 2014, but due to insufficient availability of water the project was not operating in its full capacity. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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O rder

and Contract Against International Competitive Bidding (ICB), Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has bagged an order for setting up a coal-based thermal power project in Odisha. The 1x250 MW coal-based thermal unit will be set up at Rourkela Power Project on Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) basis. Valued at over Rs.16,000 Million, the order for the Stage-III of the brownfield power project, located in Rourkela district of Odisha, has been placed on BHEL by NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Limited (NSPCL), a Joint Venture of NTPC & SAIL. BHEL had earlier executed the coal-based 2x250 MW Bhilai Expansion power plant for NSPCL. BHEL is the leading supplier of power plant equipment to NTPC and its Joint Ventures, having contributed more than 80% share of their coal-based installed capacity. BHEL’s scope of work in the project includes design, engineering, manufacture, supply, construction, erection, testing

BHEL Bags ` 16K Million Order for Setting up Thermal Power Project in Odisha

& commissioning of the 1x250 thermal power plant on EPC basis. The key equipment for the contract will be manufactured at BHEL’s Trichy, Haridwar, Bhopal, Ranipet, Hyderabad, Jhansi, Thirumayam and Bengaluru plants while the company’s Power Sector division shall be responsible for civil works and erection/ commissioning of the equipment. BHEL’s contribution

of nearly two-thirds of the total power generated in the country is testimony to the superlative performance of BHEL’s equipment. BHEL has been committed to the nation’s power development programme and has established the capability to deliver power plant equipment of 20,000 MW per annum to fully meet India’s demand for power generating equipment.

TPREL Wins 100 MW Solar in Karnataka under National Solar Mission Tata Power, India’s largest integrated power company, today announced that the Company’s 100% subsidiary, Tata Power Renewable Energy Ltd. (TPREL) has won two Solar grid connected photovoltaic projects of 50 MW capacity each in Pavagada Solar Park in the Tumkur district of Karnataka. The projects have been awarded through OPEN category under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) Phase-Il Batch-Il Tranche-l under ‘State Specific Bundling Scheme’. TPREL has received the Letter Of Intent to develop the projects and will sign a 25 year Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd. Speaking on this development, Mr. Anil Sardana, CEO & Managing Director, Tata Power, said, “Tata Power is delighted at this project win as it further fortifies 30 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

our vision of generating 30-40 per cent of the Company’s total generation capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2025. The two solar projects will add 100 MW of non-fossil fuel energy to our total generation capacity, thereby, significantly increasing our green footprint. This move is line with the Government’s set target of 100 GW from solar energy by 2017. In the next 5 years, the Company plans to significantly add to its solar generation

capacity.” The JNNSM, launched in January 2010, is a major initiative of the Government of India that aims to establish India as a global leader in solar energy by creating favourable policy conditions for its diffusion across the country. JNNSM had initiatilly set a target to 20 GW of solar installations by 2022, that was reset to achieve five times more at 100 GW by 2022.

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1400

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Cover

Y R O ST

It is essential for the government to work proactively to increase the power sectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s generation capacity in a sustainable manner by addressing key challenges, such as supply shortage and distribution losses without damaging the environment, to attain a high growth rate during the 12th Five Year Plan. 32 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

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ower is considered to be a core industry as it facilitates development across various sectors of the Indian economy, such as manufacturing, agriculture, commercial enterprises and railways. Though India currently has the fifth largest electricity generation capacity in the world pegged at 1,92,732 MW, the growth of the economy is expected to boost electricity demand in coming years. India saw a total capacity addition of approximately 54,000 MW during the 11th Five Year plan, of which approximately 47 per cent was contributed by the central government, 34 per cent from the private sector. Some examples of top public sector companies include National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) and National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC). Some key companies in the private sector include Tata Power and Reliance Energy Limited. THE DEMAND SUPPLY GAP India’s power generation capacity has significantly increased since 2008, and is also expected to show a strong growth in the future. However, India faced a power deficit of approximately 8.5 per cent and a peak demand deficit of over 10 per cent in FY11 primarily due to fuel shortage. This shortage can be attributed to aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C) losses, which is about 30 per cent with a high variance across various utilities. Therefore, it is essential for the government to work proactively to increase the sector’s generation capacity in a sustainable manner by addressing key challenges, such as supply shortage and distribution losses without damaging the environment, to attain a high growth rate during the 12th Five Year Plan. EA-2003 has helped to improve efficiency and has brought some much needed order in the overall power sector. However, we are still facing severe power cuts and many regions in India are still lacking something as basic as a connection. Recent structural in the power sector will take some time for complete implementation. In the

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short to medium term, supply-demand mismatch and limited ability of the financial systems to support subsidies are expected to push consumer tariffs upward. Following points explain the reasons behind low power generation and hence increasing Supply-Demand Gap; • Electricity generation in India is predominantly based on coal. India has enough coal reserves in its forests areas. However, due to strict forest clearance regulations, this coal cannot be utilized very often for power generation. • The quality of coal is not up to the grade which is considered best for power generation. • Coal India Limited –a public sector company, is the major supplier of coal for power plants in India; hence it has a monopoly in the market. Growth in supply by Coal India has been muted due to multiple factors as discussed earlier i.e. forest clearance regulations, poor calorific value, etc. As shown in the graph above, CIL has almost the same coal production since five years. However, the demand has increased extensively. • Frequent increase in price of imported coal is not fitting in the cost per unit structure as promised in PPA, resulting in restricted generation. Recently Indonesia has increased the price of coal in international market. • Production of gas in the Krishna Godavari (KG-D6) basin has also dropped by more than 60% from two years ago. It has resulted in lower or no power generation from gas based power plants. • Severe drought/or less rainfall has contributed to less water level in dams which has resulted in less power generation from Hydro power plants. To cope with the demand deficit, the Indian government has implemented various progressive measures to maximize the country’s power

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Cover Story

generation capacity and improve distribution. Some examples of such measures include rural electrification programs and ultra mega power projects. In particular, the inflow of foreign direct investment is expected to step up capacity addition significantly. The government has allowed FDI of up to 100 per cent through the automatic route in all segments of the power sector except for nuclear energy. Consequently, the sector has drawn about US$ 4.6 billion investment over the past decade, of which US$ 1.6 billion came in FY 12 alone. In particular, the petroleum and natural gas segments saw the maximum investment from international companies (US$ 2.7 billion since 2000) due to the governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP). This jump in overall investments was facilitated by the planned capacity addition of 76,000 MW and 93,000 during the 12th and 13th Five Year plans, respectively. Further, a statement released by the Ministry of Power revealed that the power sector is expected to receive investments of about US$ 300 billion due to large scale expansion plans over the next few years. A large chunk of investments is expected to come from private investors, who have high confidence in the sector as demonstrated by the success of recent IPOs of public sector undertakings under the Ministry of Power. In a recent move to propagate power trading in India, the Government allowed FDI of up to 26 per cent and foreign institutional investments of up to 23 per cent in power exchanges segment. This strategic initiative is expected to help the Indian power trading segment to mature, and draw numerous private investors who can help bridge the supply-demand gap in the country, in addition to bringing in new and advanced technology. The 11th Five Year Plan was one of the most successful plans implemented so far. The sector achieved a total capacity addition of approximately 53,922 MW (more than two and a half times that in the 10th Plan), out of which close to 19,500 MW was added in the FY12 alone. In the transmission sector 34 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

approximately 70,239 circuit kilometers of transmission wires were added; alone with a capacity addition of 13,800 MW till the end of FY12 for inter regional transmission lines. The government achieved the electrification of over one lakh villages, and provided free electricity to close to two crore households below the poverty line by the end of the end of the 11th Plan. A capacity addition of 6,080 MW was sanctioned through nine super critical technology units, with over 24,000 MW to be added in a similar manner in the 12th Plan. A National Electricity Fund (NEF) was formed which subsidizes the interest to be paid on loans taken by State Electricity Boards to hedge against distribution losses. Key emerging developments in the power sector include the use of more efficient and environment friendly supercritical technology in thermal projects. Approximately 60 per cent of the total capacity

addition in the 12th Plan in expected to use supercritical technology for electricity production. Further, focus is increasingly shifting to cleaner forms of generation such as renewable, hydro or nuclear sources with the Government proactively encouraging electricity supply companies to adopt the Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) scheme; this ensures that they obtain a specified portion of their total energy consumption from renewable resources. In addition, power trading is also becoming an important business within the country, with companies in the power sector setting aside 15 to 20 per cent of the total power they produce to be sold in the market. However amidst such encouraging signs there still exit a lot of factors which might debilitate the industry. Power is a capital intensive industry with long gestation periods, and the shortage of fuel can be a major challenge in the long term. Traditionally, ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

competitive bidding The power sector is inviting bids from private investors, which in turn is increasing price competition. This is a positive sign for the sector but it might increase risk for private companies primarily because during the bidding process, power generation companies normally quote prices for a period of 25 years and power transmission companies quote for a period of 35 years. Competition from international OEM manufacturers Indian companies manufacturing equipment for the power sector face significant competition from international companies, especially Chinese companies, offering faster delivery schedules and lower costs. The prices of Chinese players are 50 per cent lower than that of domestic manufacturers. These challenges now set a context to discuss the measures that the Indian Government is expected to take in the future through the implementation of corrective policies as described in the Union Budget of 2012 – 13 and the 12th Five year Plan. most power plants in India use coal or natural gas as fuel, both of which are fast depleting reserves. Further, the Working Committee on Power forecasts a shortage of 238 metric tons of coal per annum by FY17, Additionally, there is also a shortage of natural gas in the market, through the deficit has reduced by 25 per cent over the past decade to reach 20 per cent over FY11. As a remedy, the Indian government plans to allot 40 billion tons of coal reserves through a bidding process, and deregulate the power sector to promote investments. Further, the government will explore the possibility of importing natural gas from countries, such as Bangladesh, which have surplus of coal reserves. Difficulty in obtaining environmental approvals and land clearances Land acquisition is one of the key challenges impeding the growth of the power sector in India. Further, obtaining environmental approvals ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

is also difficult as a large number of government bodies need to be contacted for clearances, including the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Ministry of Aviation, Department of Forests, and other government institutions. These challenges primarily arise due to concerns over environmental pollution, issues regarding rehabilitation, afforestation and regulatory delays. Degrading financial health of state distribution utilities Eight state electricity boards (SEBs) had stopped making payments to NTPC in 2011, despite getting discounts of up to 2 per cent on immediate payments, and 1 per cent on payments made within one month. The losses of distribution utilities in India were pegged at Rs 75,000 crore (US$ 13.9 billion) in 2011, and are expected to rise to Rs 1.16 trillion (US$ 21.4 billion) by 2014-15. Detractors or risks associated with

OPPORTUNITIES IN THE YEARS TO COME The Indian power market is evolving rapidly from a “nascent/opening” market phase to a “developing” phase. The power demand in the base case is expected to grow at a steady 7.5%-8% CAGR till 2017. Further, the low “power penetration” levels indicate large latent/unmet demand. The power markets will have to achieve consistent high growth rates to bring our per capita consumption to comparable levels of some of the other countries. The rate of infrastructure development and government led reforms would have a significant bearing on how far these developmental aspirations are achieved. The future power markets will have a brand new set of opportunities. A new era of “Power on Power” competition is beginning to emerge. At least 80-85 GW of new capacity (90% of them thermal units targeting high PLF of 80-95%) are in the offing to be commissioned by 2014. This ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Cover Story

will reduce the base load deficit, in the current scenario, to a low of 1-2%. Accordingly, there is expectation that there will be pricing pressures in the generation space, with long term prices at-best maintaining their current levels in nominal terms. The average short term/merchant prices may decline by 40-50% by 2014-15. The generation landscape will also change significantly. Private sector will account for over 25% of the installed capacity over next 5-6 years. Over forty to fifty players, many of whom with interests in smaller and / or in 1-2 projects are expected to emerge in the industry. With increasing pricing pressures & fragmented industry structure, there might be some consolidation after 2015. New business opportunities will arise across the value chain. New fuel opportunities are expected to emerge in the generation space, in addition to coal. Improved domestic gas supply & strengthening of commensurate pipeline infrastructure will facilitate increased gas based generation. Government’s thrust on Hydro projects (50,000 MW initiatives) will provide attractive opportunities, especially for peaking power. Nuclear energy will also witness strong growth at the back of Indo-US agreement (target20 GW by 2020). Equipment manufacturers can leverage derived demand from the overall growth in the power sector to drive capacity expansions. Technology changes (increased role of super critical plants in thermal stations; large sized reactors for nuclear plants, etc) present opportunities to introduce and absorb newer technologies and develop market niches. Similarly, T&D equipment suppliers will gain from the ongoing transmission network strengthening program (~ 50 GW by 2015 with increased use of 765kv and HVDC lines). Other associated industries (mining, financing, training & etc) also stand to gain significantly as they facilitate and benefit by the growth in the power sector. Renewables will strengthen its role in the sector : Wind energy will continue to grow at 15-20% pa with new opportunities in offshore capacities and large capacity 36 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

turbines (> 3 MW). Solar energy will drive next wave growth in renewable space. Technology improvements are expected to lead to grid parity costs by 2020-25. Government incentives will open up opportunities for solar farms/ distributed generation as well as PV manufacturing. THE WAY FORWARD Several critical imperatives exist for the industry to significantly strengthen its project management and execution capabilities. A comprehensive and robust project plan developed at conceptualization stage would help in identifying potential hurdles up front. Adequate diligence should be undertaken for selection of the project site, EPC (Indian vs foreign), financing sources, technology, quality control and execution timelines etc. Creation of a strong project management center and set up of robust business processes & control mechanisms are critical for efficient project execution. Securing fuel supplies will be another critical success factor. Adequate diligence should be awarded to defining fuel sourcing plan, especially coal (linkage, captive, imported) and its associated costs. Fuel logistics planning and implementation is critical and should be a focus for project leadership. Gas availability may improve but adequate planning will be required to identify the right locations for the plants. The generators also need to realign their market & customer strategy. Striking the right balance between long term PPAs and merchant trading will become increasingly important in the future. Reforms will also give rise to customer mix options (SEBs, traders, bulk buyers, etc), which will open up different possibilities. Alternate market facing models like power tolling, distributed generation, peaking power suppliers can also be evaluated.

be maximized through O&M best practices. Finally, robust organizational enablers need to be established for the future. Over 150,000 additional skilled and semiskilled personnel would be required by the sector over the concurrent “projects” and “operations” stages. Accordingly, a flexible organization structure needs to be designed and implemented. Strong HR processes for attracting and retaining employees should be established. Effective training programs should be designed and rolled out by the industry. Efficient knowledge management mechanisms would also need to be established. ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT Address fuel supplies issues (coal & gas) : Coal sector deregulation should be a high priority agenda for the government. The government should also promote Public Private Partnership (PPP) for new coal block development and set up an independent regulator for the coal sector. Stringent

Capital and Operational excellence will be the key to future competitive advantage. Cap Ex and Operational excellence begins from selection of right technology and suppliers/ manufacturers for the units. The asset availability and utilization should ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

monitoring should be adopted for timely development of allotted captive coal blocks. Ensuring priority access to gas for the power sector (especially for peaking power) at reasonable pricepoints and strengthening the gas transmission infrastructure are other key imperatives for the government. Enhance downstream efficiencies (transmission & distribution) : A few immediate interventions are required on transmission side including streamlining private participation, aggressively extending national grid reach & improving quality of the same and building flexibilities in BPTA tenures. The government should also define a time-bound implementation plan for the pending discom reforms and accelerate implementation of open access to distribution networks. Finally, the power subsidy mechanisms for the agriculture sector also needs to be reformed. Aggressively promote clean source of

energy (renewables and nuclear) : Special focus should be provided to renewable by identifying high intensity renewable “zones” and establishing all enablers (land, transmission, site approvals etc) therein. The government should ensure effective implementation of the National Solar Mission, including clear policy on Feed-In-Tariffs. Distributed generation for rural areas (to benefit from solar & biomass applications) should be encouraged through special incentives and fast track clearances. For nuclear energy promotion, the government should develop a comprehensive nuclear fuel plan for enhancing Uranium and Thorium mining & availability for the country. Special incentives should also be provided to encourage participation across the nuclear value chain. Facilitate efficient market side development : The government should accelerate the

pace of reforms in power exchanges and deregulate the trading segment. Initiatives also need to be rolled out to smoothen peak demand curve and promote peaking power supply. Introduction of flexibilities in PPA tenure and promotion of real time market mechanisms, through time of day metering & pricing could be undertaken to enable efficient market development. Strengthen execution & monitoring mechanisms: A comprehensive “next generation” reform agenda with well defined implementation timelines should be developed by the government. There is also a need to establish an “execution group” for following up on policy implementations. Creation of an empowered “single window” co-ordination and clearance body and defining clear time-lines for approvals across ministries & agencies will streamline the regulatory process. Streamline industry enablers (equipment, financing & manpower) : New equipment capacities should be encouraged for emerging technologies in the generation space. Investments should be promoted in renewable components & supplies through special incentives. The government should also address the financing issues in terms of sectoral caps of financial institutions and explore opportunities for loan re-financing by multi-lateral agencies / foreign institutions. Finally, strengthening of Industrial technical institutes is required to enable adequate skilled manpower availability for the sector. CONCLUSION Sustained growth of the power sector is critical for enabling the high economic growth targets of India. All stakeholders need to put in a concerted effort to attain the above objective and address potential challenges and constraints confronting the industry. If successful, the Power Sector will directly improve the socio-economic wellbeing of more than a billion people and also create some world class “energy eco-system” in the country.

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Indepth

Micro Inverters : A Game Changer in Solar Photovoltaics “Micro inverter, an electronic unit devised to handle the output of a single panel and operated at lower power point is an upcoming area of research in the field of PV as it enables solar arrays to work as plug and play devices”

- By N.P.K Reddy

Inverters are a crucial part of any solar panel system; they convert the DC electricity that your solar panels produce into appliance-friendly AC electricity. The three main inverter options available for homes residential and commercial solar installations are string inverters, micro-inverters and power

ur activities depend so much on energy availability that it constitutes an integral part of our life and an indispensable tool for the development & growth of the nation. Energy is majorly consumed in the form of electricity for lighting, cooling, heating, etc. Energy supply from renewable sources is an essential component of every nation’s strategy, especially when there is responsibility towards the environment & sustainability. Solar photovoltaic (PV) based systems are one of the most widely-used renewable energy options. PV technology is gaining significant levels and will be around in future to contribute a big share of generated electricity. Solar PV systems are based on semiconductor wafers, which produce electricity when exposed to sunlight. Thus, the electricity produced can either be stored in the batteries

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optimizers. The small inverter-based system optimizes solar energy harvest as compared to conventional string or central inverters, which are more expensive and have lower flexibility to the consumer in terms of upgrading.

or sold to the electric grid. Besides these solar panels, “balance of system” components are also required which includes inverters, wiring, breakers, racking, and switches, which can account for up to half of a system’s cost. The PV systems can be segregated into 4categories, namely Direct Coupled PV Systems, Stand-alone PV Systems, Grid-connected PV Systems, and Hybrid-connected Systems. In direct coupled PV systems, the PV array is directly connected to the load. Therefore, the load can operate only when the sunshine is available. Stand-alone PV systems are used in area that are not easily accessible or have no access to an electric grid. Stand-alone system is the one which is not connected to power grid and the energy produced by these systems are being stored in the batteries. In the grid-connected PV systems, electricity

produced from panels are either used immediately or directly fedinto the grid which is considered to be an infinite source or sink of power. A hybrid PV system is essentially a system that employs at least one more source, other than the PV, to meet the electrical power demand of the loads. Residential grid-tied solar power systems, i.e., Net Metering, will gain more popularity in the near future. Net metering provides a variety of benefits to both utilities &consumers. It can potentially reduce the utility’s peak load demand. A study has suggested about the micro solar photovoltaic rooftop systems through which maximum utilization of solar energy can be done by PV system. Solar systems are found less efficient. The o/p of solar system majorly depends on shading of the module. Partial shading of PV modules will result in dramatic output reduction because the modules ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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Indepth are connected in series. A study on the level of shading and the power output from a panel under different combination of shade patterns like 4, 8, 12, and 16 cells resulted that energy yield of a partly shaded PV system is much lower than we could assume from the mean solar irradiance. Under these conditions, the wiring configuration of the module becomes critical to the maximum power output. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) featured grid-tied inverters can only track peak power of a single I-V curve. Therefore a constant attention is required towards the solar power electronics so that the efficient energy can be harvested. It is important to explore the performance and size issues for inverters in the application on the timely basis. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) : MPPT is a technique which solar power systems use in order to achieve the max possible power from the PV array. Solar cells have a complex relationship between solar irradiation, temperature and total resistance which results in a non-linear output characteristic. The MPPT system samples the o/p of the PV cells and applies a resistance (load) in order to obtain the max output power for any given environmental (shading) condition. Essentially, this defines the current that the inverter should draw from the PV cell in order to get the max possible power. The MPPT plays an important role in PV power system to maximize system yielding efficiency and consequently the MPPT makes it possible to minimize the overall PV system cost.

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Solar Inverters A solar PV module produces DC power which can be converted into AC power using an inverter and converted to 50 Hz. Apart from this central task, most PV inverters that are specially designed for grid-connected systems also support a solar MPP tracker. The key requirements for grid-connected inverters are: • AC power source, whose frequency is determined by the grid; fully synchronous operation with the grid system • Automatic start-up & synchronization in the presence of sufficient insolation (e.g., in the morning) and automatic shut down in the absence of sufficient insolation (e.g., at night). • Start-up and operation enabled only if the grid is operational &immediate shut down in the case of a power failure, so as to avoid stand - alone operation. • Low open-circuit loss &low minimum start-up and shut down power. • For PV inverters used in residential buildings, the device should not interfere with neighbouring electronic appliances such as radios, i.e., low generation of high-frequency interference voltages on the DC & AC sides.

Different types of inverters Central inverter : These convert the DC voltage from “strings” of photovoltaic panels to AC voltage. They are residential, commercial and utility scale systems with a power level of 1kW or higher. The MPPT for the PV panels is performed centrally at the DC-AC inverter stage. Initially, the interface b e t w e e n photovoltaic power supply and the grid relied on the centralized

inverter technology. Inverters are connected in series, called strings, generating a sufficient high voltage to avoid amplification (Fig 1). All strings are then connected in parallel to support high power to output. Only one inverter is utilized to interface with the grid. This technology suffers from many issues, which includes, high voltage DC cable from a large number of strings to the inverter and losses in string diodes. This structure is also limited in MPPT and controlling mismatch between strings, hence individual PVs resulting in low efficiency and unreliability. Also, the non-flexible design makes it less appealing in mass production. With all these issues, this technology is not used in new solar system installations. Multi-string inverter : Multi-string inverter features the optimal MPP tracking for a single string of PVs. In this structure, DC–DC converter is implemented for each string for MPP tracking and power combination of different strings to a DC bus. A big power stage works as a grid-connected half bridge inverter without transformer. The multi - string inverter is useful when PV strings of differently rated power and different orientations are combined. The DC–DC part can be implemented with high-frequency Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) converter to reduce implementation area (Fig.2). String inverter : This technology illustrates efforts to solve problems of the previous design. It has a string of PV connected in series with an inverter (Figure 3).While still avoiding HV amplification, this structure has improved performance with no diodeloss in series, separate MPP tracking for each string and lower cost with mass productions. The inverter can be implemented with HVMOSFET/ IGBT. It is possible to have less PV in string with voltage amplification by DC–DC converter ora line frequency transformer, which increases total area. Although having been introduced to the market for about 10 years, this structure remains a favourite choice in new in stallations. However, in partial shading, MPP tracking may still not be ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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Indepth sufficient to achieve a certain efficiency requirement.

Fig 1 : Block diagram of central inverter-based PV system

Fig 2 : Block diag. of multi-string inverter-based PV system

Fig 3 : Block diagram of string inverterbased PV system

Fig 4 : Block diagram of micro inverterbased PV system Micro inverters : The micro inverter solution, also called AC module, is the integration of PV and inverter into one electrical device. With only one PV to control, there is no PV mismatch. MPP tracking can be done at individual PV level,maximizing possible efficiency. As it is modularized, the micro inverter is good for mass production, which potentially leads to low manufacturing cost and low retail prices. This technology is also very appropriate for residential applications with low power requirements and where partial shading is a critical issue. It is also designed with a “plug and play” feature. 42 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

However, if implemented by large no. of industries for industrial applications, due to the distributed installation, the maintenance requirements can increase the cost and discourage wide usage. Keeping inverter boxes watertight and using components that have large temperature ambient are the two major concerns. It will be necessary to develop a system that can detect failure of any micro inverter (Fig 4) and isolate it immediately. This type of inverter has recently been emerging and promises a remarkable market share in future. In solar power plants, a modular micro-inverter integrated with each PV panel can reduce the overall system cost and increase the system reliability and MPPT efficiency. The traditional voltage-fed full-bridge dc-dc boost topology suffers high cost, low transformer efficiency and discontinuous input current problems. A current-fed half-bridge topology is utilized here with continuous input current, low cost and high efficiency features. A 210-W single-phase PV micro-inverter system with galvanic isolation is presented. By integrating micro-inverter to each PV panel, localized MPPT of each individual PV panel can be achieved, thus leading to higher system efficiency. The experimental results of the microinverter in grid-connected operation demonstrate high conversion and

excellent MPPT efficiencies. Micro Converter (DC-Optimizer) : Similar to the micro inverters, the micro converters are used in lower power applications and installed on each PV panel. This approach provides the advantage of individual optimized MPPT (hence this configuration is also called DC-optimizers). The DC-DC converter converts the PV panel output DC voltage up or down and it is then fed to a “central” DC-AC inverter stage.

Micro DC-DC Converter for Series Connection: The output of the non-isolated converters is connected in a series prior to the DC-AC inverter. Each converter also performs the MPPT function. An additional switch can be added for the bypass mode between input and output. This type of DC-DC converter is often called “Power Optimizer” because it also fulfills the MPPT function of each module. Unlike the micro inverter, this topology outputs a DC voltage. Micro DC-DC Converter for Parallel Connection:The output of these isolated converters is connected in parallel. This configuration has a high output voltage, which can range from 350V~400V per DC-AC i nve r te r. The MPPT function is per formed at each module or c o n v e r t e r. This type of DCDC

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converter is Optimizer.”

also

called

“Power

Origin of idea on micro inverters The traditional solar systems consisted of only one inverter. Therefore, in case of failure of inverter there is no alternate of energy transfer. For resolving this issue the idea of string inverter was proposed and implemented. Even with string inverters, a PV system was not suitable as a plug & play device for domestic applications. Therefore, it was considered desirable to design systems that have inverters inside the PV modules which ensure the stable operation and MPPT for each& every module. This type of module, also known as AC module, can be defined as a combination of a single module and a single power electronic inverter that converts light into electrical AC power when it is connected in parallel to the network. Primary functions of micro inverters are to extract maximum power from its companion solar panel using advanced MPPT algorithms and to convert the panel output voltage to AC. This AC power is online and can be either grid tied or directly connected to load. The average life of MI-based systems is about twenty fiveyears because of low rise of internal temperature and elimination of bulky electrolytic capacitors. Such systems have a better physical and economical scalability as compared to the string inverters.

The most important job of an inverter (micro or otherwise) is to convert DC electricity into appliance friendly AC electricity. Considering only this functionality (and excluding the bells and whistles that can come with micro-inverters, depending on the manufacturer), there are a number of advantages some of which are discussed below: Reliability : Reliability is important for energy harvest. Micro-inverters are in a unique position in regard to reliability as well. If a microinverter does fail, or has an issue, it’s only one unit out of the entire system, as opposed to a string system in which one failure will take out a whole group of modules. Reliability of the micro inverter doesn’t just relate to power production, but also reliability to communicate the production of that power. If a string inverter goes down, it stops communicating information about the system. Whereas microinverters actually create a “mesh” network; even if one unit is down, they can still talk to the others and pass performance data along back to the controller. Increased efficiency and performance through MPPT : MPPT is a technology where variables, such as solar irradiation, ambient temperature, etc., are taken into account to ensure that a system yields maximum performance. A micro inverter would perform MPPT on a system consisting of just one inverter and one solar panel. Micro inverter based systems yield 5–25 per

centincreased power compared to systems using central inverters. Real time performance reports for each panel and inverter : Web-based monitoring on a panel-by-panel basis is usually available both for homeowner and installer. Continuously analyzing the health of the solar system can pave the way for additional tweaks and performance improvements. There are even mobile applications that enable you to monitor your PV system when on the road. Ease of installation : Installing solar panels with micro inverters is easier and faster and leads to lower installation costs compared to traditional inverters. Installers are no longer limited by string design,marginal designs, co-planarity, and matched modules. Micro inverters reduce wiring time, and remove the need for DC switching points. Longer life: Because they are located on roofs, embedded in or installed behind solar panels, micro-inverters must offer superior reliability than string inverters, which are generally easier to access. Micro inverters usually come with a warranty of 10-25 years – 10 for when they are installed on the racking and 25 for instances when they are embedded in the panels directly. The mean life of micro inverters is more than the life of the traditional string inverters. Flexibility : One major benefit of micro inverters is their flexibility &scalability. One can start with a minimal set of solar modules & add modules as needs & budgets grow without requiring the replacement of a large centralized inverter. Cost-effectiveness : Cost savings using micro inverters is manifold.

Advantages of micro inverters

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Indepth Micro inverters individually are less expensive than a conventional inverter. When a conventional inverter fails, it is expensive to replace but in the case of micro inverters, they are far less likely to fail because of the smaller amount of electricity they must process when compared to a conventional inverter. Easily Expandable : Expanding your solar system with more solar panels later on is easier with micro-inverters. You donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to worry about restringing or getting a second central inverter installed. Central inverters come in limited sizes one might end up having to pay for one that is much bigger than what you actually need. Elimination of space and heat problems of string inverters : String inverters occupy more space,though not really big, and generate a lot of heat which has to be cooled by using fans. Superior performance and higher overall solar system yields : Superior performance in shaded conditions and/or situations where one or several panels are producing less power than others. They are also better suited for oddly-shaped or gabled roofs, where panels are installed at different angles and orientations. Higher overall solar system yields compared to string inverter systems installed in comparable conditions. Micro inverters really shine in situations where shading is an issue; also delivers higher overall energy yields compared to string inverter systems in situations where conditions (orientation, tilt angle, access to sun) are ideal.

String inverters, microinverters & power optimizers 1. Inverters are a crucial part of any solar panel system; they convert the DC electricity that your solar panels produce into appliance-friendly AC electricity. 2. The three main inverter options available for homes residential and commercial solar installations are string inverters, micro-inverters and power optimizers. 3. String inverters cost the least of 44 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

the 3 options. They are suitable for installations where panels are installed perfectly - on a single plane & not shaded during any part of the day. 4. Micro-inverters & power optimizers are more expensive, but are suitable for installations where one or more panels may be shaded, or where panels are installed on multiple planes and/or facing different directions. 5. Micro-inverters and power optimizers allow you to monitor the power production of each individual panel. 6. Because MLPE technologies are more efficient than string inverters, a system that uses micro-inverters or power optimizers will produce slightly more power than a similar system with a string inverter. Especially true for shaded or difficult roofs, but even on the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;perfectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; roof, a system that uses MLPE equipment will usually produce slightly more power than one with a string inverter. Henceforth, one should carefully consider whether the increase in electricity production is worth the additional cost. In conclusion, Micro-inverters are flat down more expensive than central inverters. Numbers from 2010 reveal that central inverters averaged at INR 26.63/Wp (watt-peak), while that of

micro-inverters significantly higher at INR 34.62/Wp. Higher initial cost per watt-peak does not necessarily mean micro-inverters are ultimately going to cost more. Several other factors have to be taken into account. Solar installations with micro-inverters are simpler and less time consuming, which typically cut 15% of the installation costs. Better durability and longer lifespan should also be considered. Micro inverters are being adopted in greater numbers across world as new markets rush to take advantage of the devices. India too is putting its efforts in designing and integrating the micro inverter-based systems in the country. PV micro inverter shipments worldwide have been set to increase to 2.1 GW in2017, up from around 500 MW in2013 by a rate of 306%. Ano. of new companies has entered the market and released their products. Solar systems have low efficiency and are used in assistance with the power electronics based system for efficient energy harvesting. Micro inverter technology is an upcoming field and provides a good room for research. One last important aspect of micro-inverters is that most carry a 25-year warranty, as opposed to a typical 10-year warranty from string inverters. Micro inverters have proven themselves in many challenging environments and will prove a good choice in commercialscale projects too. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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Focus

Power Factor

Power Factor & Electricity Bill Chances are that if you haven’t recently done something to correct the power factor at your facility, you’re overpaying for your electrical power

f you are an office owner or a shop owner and you get electricity on a commercial connection with load more than 20kW, you would have heard of power factor penalty and/or demand charges. Have you ever wondered what does power factor penalty mean or what are demand charges? Have you ever paid something called as Maximum Demand Indicator (MDI) Penalty? These are the terms that are used in commercial connections in various part of our country but very few people understand what they are. If you are looking to understand what these are & how can you avoid them then this article will surely help you understand the same. Power factor is a measure of the ratio of the ‘total power’ kVA (also known as apparent power) that is demanded by your site and the ‘real power’ kW that is used on your site. The total power demand on the network is usually greater than the real power. The ratio of the real power to the total power is your power factor, a number between 0 and 1. The higher the power factor the more efficient your site is at utilizing the supplied power.

to contain both the coffee and the froth, corresponding to the total power. The froth represents the reactive power and the liquid represents the real power. We only gain real value from the liquid. As energy costs continue to represent an increasing proportion of the overall cost of doing business, energy management has become an important activity. Understanding power factor and how it affects your company’s electricity bill can help reduce power costs. Power Factor (pF) gives a reading of overall electricity use efficiency. High power factor indicates that the amount of power doing real work is operating at a high level of efficiency. Conversely, low power factor means poor electricity efficiency which is always costly. Improving power factor can reduce billed peak demand and enhance equipment reliability. Power factor is not an easy subject to discuss without some knowledge of electricity. The section on Electricity basics provides a refresher of electricity and electrical power components.

A business with a low power factor may result in higher capital expenditures and operating costs for the electricity supply company, compared to a similar business with a high power factor. And these higher costs usually have to be passed on to all customers in the form of higher tariff rates. A simple analogy to explain power factor is that of a cappuccino. Here the mug must have sufficient capacity 46 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

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Electricity Basics: Electrical energy is consumed by end uses called loads. All alternating current (AC) loads are comprised in varying degrees of three components: 1. Resistance 2. Inductive Reactance 3. Capacitive Reactance Resistance : When electrical energy is consumed in the resistive component, real work is done. Heat is generated or light is emitted. The rate of doing real work is measured in watts. Since a watt is a relatively small quantity, kilowatt (1,000 watts) is most commonly used. The same is true for the other measures. The product of the applied voltage and the current flowing in the resistive circuit is real power. Schematically, real power is represented by an arrow pointing to the right. The left to right direction indicates real power. The length denotes the amount or magnitude of real power.

Inductive Reactance : When electricity is applied to a pure inductor no real work is done. No heat or light is generated. Current and voltage are applied to the load. Their product reactive power is measured in kilo-voltamperes- reactive (kVAR). Examples of inductive loads are transformers, motors and lighting ballasts. Inductive reactance produces magnetomotive forces, enabling machines to operate. Inductive reactive power is represented by an upwards arrow. The vertical orientation represents reactive power. The upwards direction indicates inductance. The length denotes the amount or magnitude of kVAR.

in kVAR. Capacitive reactive power is represented by a downward arrow. The vertical orientation represents reactive power. The downwards sense denotes capacitance. The length denotes the amount of magnitude of kVAR. In summary, two kinds of power exist: 1. Real Power (Resistive Power) 2. Reactive Power (Inductive Capacitive)

Power Triangle : Pure resistance, pure capacitance and pure inductance exist only in theory. All real life loads exhibit varying proportions of these three components. Using arrow conventions and vector addition rules a typical industrial plant’s electrical load can be represented by a power triangle. The power triangle describes the quality of power used. Real Power (Figure 1a) plus Inductive Reactive Power (Figure 1b) results in a power triangle as shown in Figure 2.Real Power (Figure 1a) plus Capacitive Reactive Power (Figure 1c) results in a power triangle as shown in Figure 3. Inductive reactive loads are usually greater than capacitive loads. When inductive reactive power is greater it can be reduced by adding capacitive reactive power. The power triangle is adjusted as shown in Figure 4.

vector sum of real power and reactive power and is measured in kilo-voltamperes (kVA). The hypotenuse closing the power triangle represents apparent power (Figure 4). Billed Demand : The maximum rate of electrical consumption or demand charge, measured in kW and the total amount of energy consumed, or energy charge, measured in kWh are calculated each month for billing purposes. The demand charges applies to the peak demand at which energy is taken and the energy charge applies to the quality of the electricity consumed during the billing period. Billed demand is calculated according to them way in which electrical power is used. It is made up of two components: 1. Real Power (Resistive) 2. Reactive Power (Inductive & Capacitive) Given a fixed maximum rate of real work done (kW) the length of the hypotenuse (kVA) varies depending upon the amount of reactive power (kVAR). Billed demand is based on the peak value of 100% of the kW or 90%of the kVA, whichever is larger. Thus the length of the hypotenuse (kVA) influences the demand portion of the electricity bill. As soon as the kVAR component of the load reaches the point where 90 per cent of the kVA is larger than the total kW; the electrical billing demand charge increases for the same amount of work done. Although only the power absorbed in the resistive component of a load does real work, the principle of supplying power at cost dictates that reactive power components must also be billed. Electric demand : is the measure of the peak or max. rate of electricity use (kWh/hr) over a given period of time, and is expressed as kilowatts (kW). Power Factor and Power Factor penalty

Capacitive Reactance : When electricity is applied to a capacitor, no real work is done. Current and voltage are applied to the load. Their product, reactive power, is measured ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

Apparent Power : Total power is referred to as apparent power. It is the

Has it ever happened to you that you have ordered a cup of coffee and you got a cup that is three fourth filled with coffee and one fourth with froth? You paid for the whole cup of coffee but 75% of it was real coffee and 25% “coffee less” coffee or just froth. ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Focus

Power Factor

Otherwise if you buy a bottle of water you get a full bottle of water and you pay for full capacity of the bottle as there is no froth. Similarly in electricity there are 2 kinds of loads: resistive loads (e.g. lights, water heaters, coil heaters, etc.) and inductive loads (e.g. anything which has a motor: ceiling fan, pump, air conditioners, refrigerators etc.). Resistive load are like glass of water where you get what you asked for. But inductive load are like cup of coffee where current is used up to create a magnetic field which is like “froth” and is not really useful as it is not used for doing actual work. The ratio between the “actual work” that you get and the total energy supplied by the utility is called the power factor. So in our above example with coffee “total coffee” is one full cup of coffee and what you actually got actually was 75% so your power factor is 0.75. Similarly if you have a motor which is 1 HP (horse power) which is 745 watts and you run it with 0.75 power factor, the energy that the utility has to supply is 1/0.75 = 1.33 HP. The 0.33 HP of energy is lost in creating the magnetic field in the motor. If the power factor was 1 or close to 1 then 1 HP motor would have taken 1 HP power from the utility. Because it has to draw more energy from the utility there is penalty for it, which is called Power Factor Penalty. The relationship between resistive & reactive load components is called Power Factor. It is a numerical way of expressing the proportions of real power (kW) and apparent power (kVA). As shown in Figure 5, the power triangle is used to derive the formula for calculating power factor.

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The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load (in kW) to the apparent power in the circuit (in kVA), and is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1. Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular time. Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit. Due to energy stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non‐linear load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source, the apparent kW (kilo Watt) Power Factor = -----------------------------kVA (kilo VoltAmpere) power will be greater than the real power. Power factor is represented mathematically by the cosine θ of the angle between real power and apparent power. If kW and kVA are known, the kVAR, a quantity necessary for billing purposes, can be calculated using the Pythagorean Theorem.

kVA2 = kW2 + kVAR2 kVAR2 = kVA2 + kW2 kVAR = √kVA2 + kW2 The power factor at your facility may be considered by your electricity provider in determining the demand, for billing purposes, that is used in calculating your monthly demand charge. This can have a significant impact on your total demand charges and your monthly electricity bill. While your power factor may vary over time, generally speaking, a high power factor indicates effective utilization of electrical power, while a low power factor indicates poor utilization. Power factor is expressed as the ratio of kW to kVA (kilovolt-amperes) delivered by your electric provider. Low power factor is caused by inductive loads, such as transformers, high-intensity discharge lighting, and electric motors operated at less than full load (which often occurs in cycle processes such

as conveyors, compressors, and HVAC fans). The electric providers in Massachusetts typically require a power factor of 90% or above, which means that the ratio of kW/kVA should be > 90%. The effect of having a power factor below the minimum stipulated by your provider will be that you will pay more in demand charges than you would if the power factor was above the required minimum. This extra amount is charged by a utility so they can recover their costs for maintaining a good power factor on their distribution system. While the monthly facility power factor is usually not specifically shown on your bill, it is likely that power factor is considered in determining your demand if you see both peak kW and peak kVA stated on your bill. You can confirm whether your provider considers power factor in determining the monthly demand (kW) charge and, if so, what their minimum required power factor is, by consulting the definition of demand charges in your electric rate, or contacting your provider. Tips to improve your power factor are shown in the box to the left. Please keep in mind, however, that if your power factor is already above the minimum level required by your provider, increasing it further will not reduce your demand charges. Also, it is not necessary to correct your power factor if it is not considered by your electricity provider in determining your demand charges. Power Factor efficiencies can be improved by switching over to efficient appliances that give more output (W) per unit (VA) of energy used. So in above example you can always switch to a coffee maker that generates lesser froth. Similarly you can switch to appliance that generates lesser inductive load. The other way to fix the problem is by installing Capacitor Banks. Capacitive load is opposite

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to inductive load and negates the inductive load when added in parallel. PF can be increased up to 1 or at least 0.99 by installing capacitor banks.

In case the utilities start charging them for “total” energy supplied then the residential customers will also have to worry about power factor and MDI.

Demand Charge and MDI penalty

Measurement of Power Factor

In the above example if you were entitled only for 1 cup of coffee and if you were not satisfied with just 3/4thcup of actual coffee, you will have to ask for more coffee. And in case the coffee is rationed, you will have to pay more for an extra cup.

There are a variety of ways to measure Power Factor such as using Logging devices on equipment, using more complicated measurement and logging equipment installed on individual circuits, or electricity metering may also have the ability to record power factor (typically ½ hour interval data) for the entire site and this information may be available from your electricity retailer. The practical way to measure power factor is to measure simultaneously real power (kW) and apparent power (kVA). All demand meters record the maximum average demand (kW) or rate of power used, over a 15 minute period. The standard commercial/industrial meter used by most utilities is a combination demand and energy meter. When a plant has only one meter installed, other means of gathering the information required to calculate PF must be adopted. Many capacitor manufacturing companies and electrical contractors conduct power factor surveys. As well, some utilities measure plant power factor.

When you sign up for commercial electricity connection from a utility, you have to specify the maximum “demand“(in kVA) that you need. During the month if you exceed your maximum “demand” you have to pay penalty (or extra price) for the same. That is the MDI penalty that appears on electricity bills. If your power factor is < 1 you can improve your output kW per KVA supplied by improving power factor as mentioned above. This ensures that you are not wasting any kVA that is supplied to you by your utility. If power factor is unity, then it means that the appliances that you have are using more kW or kVA that you have signed up for. To fix this you either need to switch to efficient appliances (using less kW) so that your total need matches demand, or if you feel that you have the most efficient appliances then you can request your utility to increase the maximum demand allotted to you. Another option of avoiding MDI penalty is by shifting your peak load to a time of day when your load is less. For e.g. A Thermal Storage system can help you shift your air conditioning load from the daytime to night time. A thermal storage device is like a battery that stores thermal energy. This can be charged in the night and used in place of air conditioners during the day time. Residential customers are not charged on kVA but on kW, which means that they are charged for the “actual” energy used and not the “total” energy supplied (charged for actual amount of coffee and not the full cup). Thus the power factor and MDI do not impact residential customers.

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with lagging power factor is illustrated schematically in figure 6.

Lagging power factor can be corrected by connecting capacitors to the system. A capacitor is a device that does no work, uses no power (kW), but produces leading kVAR? The current which flows in a capacitor produces leading power factor. This current flows in the opposite direction to that in inductive equipment or machinery. When the two circuits are combined, capacitance reduces the effect of inductance. Figure 7 demonstrates the effect on PF after the addition of capacitors.

Power Factor Correction Determining the amount of reactive power (kVAR) required to improve power factor to 90 per cent is called power factor correction. Reactive power (kVAR) can flow in opposite directions. Lagging kVAR flows in the opposite direction to leading kVAR. Machines that use lagging kVAR are said to be kVAR consumers while machines that use leading kVAR, are said to be kVAR generators. For example, an induction motor which requires kVAR to magnetize its magnetic poles before it can do any work is a kVAR consumer. Lagging power factor occurs when the inductive power requirements are greater than the capacitive power requirements. When lagging power factor occurs the current (amps) follows, or lags, the voltage (volts) in magnitude over time. A typical load

Calculating the correct amount of capacitance is a key to improving power factor. Too little capacitance will not correct a poor power factor. Too much capacitance can cause undesirable effects. A properly determined value of capacitance can nullify inductance and produce unity power factor. Usually only three-phase loads need power factor correction. In most cases power factor is best corrected at the source, for example at each motor. However, for economic reasons power factor correction usually takes place at the meters. Improve Low Power Factor ? A poor power factor can be addressed in a number of ways. The most common approach is to install power factor correction equipment (PFC). PFC equipment is essentially a capacitor ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Focus

Power Factor

bank – which stores and provides reactive power when required. PFC equipment can be applied to separate pieces of equipment or installed in bulk to the sites main switchboard. A poor power factor can also be corrected by fixing the problem at its source. For example, by ensuring that motors are not oversized, selecting pumping equipment with electronic variable speed drives (VSDs), retrofitting VSD’s where possible, and choosing equipment that has good power factor to begin with. There are a variety of reasons that a site may have poor power factor but the main causes are: Inductive loads, which are sources of Reactive Power, are mainly responsible for low PF. These constitute a major portion of power consumed in industrial complexes and include: Transformers, Induction Motors, Arc furnaces and High Intensity Discharge Lighting etc. Some of the benefits of improving PF include: a. Lesser Electricity bill : • By improving PF, peak billing demand lowers which results in savings in Electricity bill if the Contract Demand is decided judiciously. • As per prevailing Tariff Order / Regulations stipulated by West Bengal Electricity Regulatory Commission (WBERC), PF Rebate and Surcharge are applicable for the power factor above 92% and below 86% respectively. Thus, by improving power factor, one can avoid additional payment and rather enjoy rebate in respect of PF. b. Low power factor causes losses in distribution system. By improving PF, losses can be reduced which in turn can enhance the capacity to bear additional load in system. c. Moreover, low PF not only causes unnecessary increase in generation

50 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

and transmission capacity of the utility, in a broader perspective, it actually increases amount of greenhouse gases that get released into the atmosphere. Tips to Improve Your Power Factor • Add power factor correction capacitors (also referred to as a capacitor bank) to the plant electrical distribution system. • Installing capacitors(kVAR Generators) a) Install capacitors close to the motors / load b) Switch on or off the capacitor in tandem with motor / load – Thiswill maximize reactive compensation and provide relief to your internal electrical network. • To avoid manual operation, you

may install Automatic Power Factor Controller (APFC). • Minimizing operation of idling or lightly loaded motors. • Replace old inefficient motors with energy-efficient ones, if possible. • Install equipment with good PF, e.g., adding a variable frequency drive (VFD) to a lightly or variably loaded induction motor. Benefits of improving power factor Reduced demand charges : To reduce your demand on the electricity network which may lower your electricity costs if you are one of the small number of customers currently being charged under a kVA demand tariff. Reduced carbon footprint : To reduce the supply of electricity to your site and so reducing your carbon footprint. Contractual compliance : To help you meet your connection requirements outlined under your connection agreement. Increased capacity : Reducing demand on the network may allow you to connect additional machinery or equipment without the need to upgrade the network. Equipment life : To lower voltage being supplied to equipment which can damage or otherwise shorten the life of some equipment.

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Event

Review

2nd Smart Cities India 2016 Expo Attracts 325 Exhibitors from 40 Countries

Cities are under constant stress owing to the rapid rate at which they are growing and changing, whereas technological advancements and solutions in energy, mobility and transport, infrastructure and resource efficiency can help to transform these cities into resilient urban habitats. The Prime Minister’s mission for Smart Cities is poised to enhance the quality of urban life and there is a wide spread support from countries and international organizations to explore investment and collaborative opportunities in this sector. The 2nd edition of Smart Cities India 2016 opened at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. The international knowledge platform for smart cities was inaugurated by Shri Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu, Cabinet Minister, Government of India, Ministry of Railways and Shri Piyush Goyal, Minster of State, Government of India, Independent charge for Power, Coal, New & Renewable energy. Shri Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu, Cabinet Minister, Government of India, Ministry of Railways stated : “Transport plays the role of lifeline in a smart city and hence soon India will see new railway stations made with impeccable design and friendly human interface. Special attention needs to be paid to management of natural resources so that the ecological balance is not tampered.”

52 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

Guest of Honour at the event, Shri Piyush Goyal, Minster of State, Government of India, Independent charge for Power, Coal, New & Renewable energy, said : “India sure has challenges, but in those challenges lies the unparalleled opportunities. A land that has enormous amount of manpower, and youth seeking better lifestyle provides the urging need of smart cities. Smarter solutions need to be scalable, affordable and fast in their implementation so that the country drives benefit from them” Two keynote address at the inaugural ceremony were delivered by H.E. Mr. Harald Sandberg (Ambassador to India, Embassy of Sweden) and H.E. Mr. Chung-Kwang Tien (Ambassador to India, Embassy of Taiwan). Speaking at the forum, H.E. Mr. Harald Sandberg, Ambassador to India, Embassy of Sweden, said: “The prominent agenda is sustainable urban development. Sweden has tried to build sustainable solutions utilizing waste as a resource to boost energy as a hallmark of what technology has achieved in Sweden.” H.E. Mr. Chung-Kwang Tien, Ambassador to India, Embassy of Taiwan, remarked: “India has already come to threshold to move into the next era in which Taiwan would love to participate in future. Taiwan is now a totally changed country where the traffic lights also changed to the LED lights. India is emerging in a way that in

future it could lead the world.” Later in the morning, the conference inaugural session was moderated by Dr. Arunabha Ghosh CEO, Council of Energy Environment & Water, India). The organizers arranged an interesting panel for this session to deliberate on Smart Cities in India: Policy and regulatory environment. Present during the inaugural ceremony, Meenakshi Lekhi, Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, India, shared: “On the regulatory front, there are many complex issues that needs to be resolved and as a whole, bureaucracy in India needs to be trained and digitization should be incorporated to monitor accountability of the implementation of processes.” Dr. Ajay Mathur, Director General, TERI, India, explained : “Every City has its own varied essential needs. Degree of efficiency will make every city a smart city. Two key challenges faced in regulating and policy aspect of building smart cities are: Firstly, limited life span of any planning and performance based selection of those plans. Secondly, how we measure performance and hold people responsible for it. It is important to have matrix of goal achievements, holding processes and people in place, transperancy of the entire mechanism and feedback for a better future.” On participation and association with Smart Cities India 2016 expo, a leading exhibitor from, Ericsson, Paolo

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Colella, Head of Region India, said: “India and other cities across the globe are experiencing a manifold increase in population moving to towns and cities. The Government of India’s huge focus on smart cities & digital India presents an enormous opportunity for us to contribute to the country’s transformation .With our leadership in ICT and rich global experience, we can enable Indian cities to transform themselves into sustainable and smart cities.” Post lunch the organizers arranged parallel conference sessions. A key panelists, Y K Jain, Senior Associate (NSEFI) & Smart Consulting – Smart City & Renewables (Antriksh

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Photonergy) at the session of Green buildings for smart cities, shared, Mr. Sandip Ranjhan, Senior Vice President & General Manager Mobile & Communications Services, HARMAN, India, at the session of Best practices in procurement of ICT Services from a Smart City standpoint shared: “The Prime Minister’s 100 Smart Cities mission is the key initiative to drive social change and economic growth by leveraging Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology. As a Global leader in IoT solutions with strong India focus, Harman is excited to be a key partner in helping to make Smart Cities in India a reality.” Prem Behl, Chairman, Exhibitions

India Pvt Ltd, said: “I am pleased at the good turn out from dignitaries and attendees. In the first day of the expo ministries, Shri Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu, Cabinet Minister, Government of India, Ministry of Railways and Shri Piyush Goyal, Minister of State, Government of India, Independent charge for Power, Coal, New & Renewable energy, inaugurated the expo. Ambassadors and diplomats from 20 countries were present including H.E. Mr. Harald Sandberg (Ambassador to India, Embassy of Sweden) and H.E. Mr. Chung-Kwang Tien (Ambassador to India, Embassy of Taiwan). The exhibition has attracted a large number of trade visitors to the four international pavilions from Holland, Poland, Sweden and Taiwan.”

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54 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

Company Awards

Shriram Automall Adds two New Feater in its Cap by winning two prestigious awards at Indian Brand Convention - BAM Awards 2016 Shriram Automall bags “Most Promising Brand in Pre-owned Automobile Industry” and “Best Online Market Place in Pre-owned Automobile Industry” at the prestigious Indian Brand Convention – BAM Awards 2016 Shriram Automall India Limited (SAMIL), India’s No.1 platform for exchange of pre-owned vehicles and equipment has been recognized with accolade by “Indian Brand Convention – BAM Awards 2016” under the categories of ‘Most Promising Brand in Pre-owned Automobile Industry” & “Best Online Market Place in Pre-owned Automobile Industry”. The award ceremony was conducted on 28th May 2016, at Ramada Gurgaon Central, Delhi NCR. On the occasion Mr. Sameer Malhotra, CEO, Shriram Automall said, “These honors entrench the fact that we are indeed on the right path to success. We have understood the needs of our customers and provided them with the right choice of used vehicles & equipment to acquire or dispose at an optimal price which in turn is helping them to take their business towards new success. Here we would like to thank all our customers & employees for their continous support & belief in

||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

the company.” Shriram Automall has been recognized as the Most Promising Brand in Pre-owned Automobile Industry” as the company is working towards organizing the highly unorganized market dedicated towards exchange of used vehicles & equipment for over 5 years. The company brought forward innovative approach for the acquisition and disposal of pre-owned vehicles & equipment through its unique bidding platforms especially Physical and Online Bidding along with Private Treaty and OneStop Classified Kiosk. As the largest player in disposing used vehicles & equipment online Shriram Automall has been recognized as “Best Online Market Place in Pre-owned Automobile Industry”. bids.samil.in 6,683 online bidding events, the highest number in a year, for acquisition and disposal of pre-owned vehicles and equipments during the financial year 2014-15 through bids.samil.in

Started in 2011, it has served over 3 Lac unique customers, conducted over 30,000+ bidding events which resulted in a successful 4.5 Lac+ transactions.

For more information contact : SHRIRAM AUTOMALL INDIA LIMITED Jyoti Jain 2nd Floor, Best Sky Tower, Netaji Subhash Place, Pitampura, Delhi-110034 Tel: 011.41414444 Fax: 011.42414444 E-Mail: contact@samil.in Website : www.samil.in

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|| JUNE 2016 55

Guest

Article

Let’s breathe better……

We can’t survive without air…every child knows. But, is the air we breathe causing us harm..slowly taking us into the grip of diseases. There have been numerous studies on this subject. The worsening air quality in Indian cities is already affecting the lives of the very young and the elderly, and reducing labour productivity. The effect range from breathlessness to asthma to damaged lungs preventing us form leading normal healthy lives. Is there something we can do about this ! Are we the one causing this pollution – knowingly or unknowingly giving pain to the people around us, to the people who serve us. The journey begins with knowing what we breathe. Do we know that –

APC are very cost effective & extremely easy to use. Some of the areas where an APC is begging to be used and are common environments most prone to Airborne Particulates are -

Diesel vehicle transportation & service depots - Power generation (fossil fuel burning) units - Traffic-related emissions - Charcoal-based heating/cooking - Cement manufacturing, mining, & stone crushing locations - Metallurgy processes (melting, pouring, torch-cutting) - Agro. industrial (flour milling & agricultural field burning) ….and many more.

• Air around us might have dust, fine particulates, photo- chemical smog, The Air in the industrial environments odors, gases such as SO2, H2S, 02, might also contain Carbon monoxide (CO) gas, which is a deadly, colorless, NO, NO2, etc. odorless, poisonous gas. The • Industries we work in or run might incomplete burning of various fuels, be emitting toxic gases & toxic dusts including coal, wood, charcoal, oil, such as Silica, Beryllium, Arsenic, kerosene, propane, and natural gas etc. produce it. While air purifiers & air filters are now easily available, how do we know if we need to install these. And if we install, which are the most affected areas where these can be installed. IF ONLY WE COULD MEASURE THE POLLUTION IN THE AIR, ALL THIS COULD BE POSSIBLE. We could possibly realize what is going wrong and do something about it. AIR PARTICLE COUNTER is an amazing instrument that can exactly do this for us. A particle counter, accurately measures the diameter and number of particles in the air with greater accuracy than can be obtained by any other method. The particles may be either droplets of fluid or particles of solids. Since the particle size of most pollutants is clearly known, the APC can help accurately measure the type and the level of pollutants in the air.

56 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

Carbon monoxide is harmful when breathed because it displaces oxygen in the blood and deprives the heart, brain, and other vital organs of oxygen. Large amounts of CO can overcome us in minutes without warning—causing us to lose consciousness and suffocate. Besides tightness across the chest, initial symptoms of CO poisoning may include headache, fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness, or nausea. Sudden chest pain may occur in people with angina. During prolonged or high exposures, symptoms may worsen and include vomiting, confusion, and collapse in addition to loss of consciousness and muscle weakness. Symptoms vary widely from person to person. CO poisoning may occur sooner in those most susceptible: young children, elderly people, people with lung or heart disease, people at high altitudes,

or those who already have elevated CO blood levels, such as smokers. Also, CO poisoning poses a special risk to fetuses. CO poisoning can be reversed if caught in time. But even if we recover, acute poisoning may result in permanent damage to the parts of our body that require a lot of oxygen such as the heart and brain. Significant reproductive risk is also linked to CO. One may be exposed to harmful levels of CO in boiler rooms, breweries, warehouses, petroleum refineries, pulp and paper production, and steel production; around docks, blast furnaces, or coke ovens; or in one of the following occupations: • Welder • Garage mechanic • Firefighter • Carbon-black maker • Organic chemical synthesizer • Metal oxide reducer • Longshore worker • Diesel engine operator • Forklift operator • Marine terminal worker • Toll booth or tunnel attendant • Customs inspector • Police officer • Taxi driver. An APC helps measure the CO levels too in the air and can prove to be a life-saver. Where do I get good quality APC from ? Although APC’s have been available in In India too, these are either low in quality of priced too high. Recently, CEM is a world leader in the advanced Testing & measuring instruments, has announced its entry into the Indian market. It has launched a range of high quality APC though CEM India, which is a joint venture with an Indian company and shall be headed by Mr. Vikram Bhansali, who has more than 20 years of experience in the field. Explaining

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us his reasons for bringing CEM products to India, Vikram says“CEM’s 3 in-house R&D centres have worked for months to work out the magic for us. We want to be the leaders in India replicating the success stories we had created in European & North American markets.“ CEM is ISO-9001 certified and the products are approved by globally benchmarked UL, GS, CE and RoHS.

Other products from CEM : Thermal Imagers, Infrared Thermometers, Digital Multimeters, Clamp-on Meters, Video Borescopes, Radiation meters, Air Quality Products, Data Loggers,

Insulation Testers, Electrical Testers, Light Meters, Sound Level Meters, Thermo-Anemometers, Gas Detectors, Manometers and various measuring instruments.

All these products are available directly from CEM’s office at Kolkata. Along with normal sales channels, CEM will also be pursuing online sales via all leading e-commerce portals like Tolexo, Paytm, Urjakart and Indsutrybuying. All CEM product details and catalogues are available on its Web. : www.cem-instruments.in. CEM can be reached at info@cem-instruments.in

CEM Air Particle Counter with unique built-in camera for capturing videos and photos that are stored onto internal memory or a microSD card. The DT-9880/ DT-9881 can measure up to 6 channels of particle sizes plus Air Temperature and Relative Humidity. Use the included software to generate reports with videos, photos, and data points. The instrument simultaneously measures and displays 6 channels of particle sizes (down to 0.3 µm), Air Temperature, Humidity, Dew Point and Wet Bulb. The Model DT-9881 also measures CO and HCHO Concentrations in air. It has a 2.8” TFT Color LCD display with Built-in 320x240-pixel camera takes videos (3GP)(DT-9881 only) and photo images (JPEG) and records them in internal 74MB memory. It stores 5000 records (date, time, counts, humidity, temperature, sample volumes, and location label) and 20 minutes of video. It has selectable sample time, count data, and programmable delay. Max, Min, DIF, AVG record, Date/ time setup controls, Auto Power Off and Mini-USB port connection is also provided. All the meters that CEM sells carry a warranty against any manufacturing defects. This hassle-free warranty allows the customer to get the instrument replaced within an unparalleled record period of 48 hours. The conditions of warranty are however, mentioned on the website www.cem-instruments.in ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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Case

Study of The Month

1. Introduction : For the last few months, the response of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronisation of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station. 2.1 Tripping of Earth fault Relay at Receiving end : This was observed with tripping of receiving end breaker for the earth fault in the system with following High voltage network connection. In the described network, Delta star generating system is connected to remote Star-Star transformer with tertiary Delta. The earthing on the system has been provided on sending end STAR point neutral and receiving STAR point Neutral as like shown in the figure.

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUBSTATION Contd…. transmission systems, at one voltage transmission systems, at one point only, that is at the sending end. In case of earth fault in one of the phases, the earth current flows from the fault to the earthed neutral through earth and actuates the earth fault relay and trips the breakers, thus isolating the fault. There have been instances where star/ star transformers with tertiary delta have been connected at the end of transmission system, the neutral point on the H.V. side of these transformers being brought out and connected to earth. Thus the neutral is earthed also at a point, other than at the sending end. In such cases, earth fault Current flows not only from the fault to the sending end neutral but also from the neutral point of the star/star transformer, though this is beyond the fault. The distribution of the fault current is as shown in diagram I. In this diagram G is the generator feeding into a transmission line through a delta/ star step up transformer T1, T2 is a step down transformer connected to the end of the transmission line, the connections of the windings being star/star with tertiary delta and the neutral point on the H.V. side being connected to earth. The fault current not only passes through the faulty phase, but also through the healthy phases from beyond the fault and departs the system due to the operation of protective equipments. So the receiving end protective relay also actuates and separates the faulty system along with sending end. NOTE : - Data collected from case study of TNEB hand book

Analysis : It is the general practice to earth the neutral in high voltage 58 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

L.V. side.

2.2. LV feeder tripping due to FUSE BLOW on HV side : The blow-out of the H.G. fuse on the H.V. side on one phase of the Delta/Star Power Transformer at a Sub-station may cause feeder tripping on

Observations : 1. In one distribution station, with 3 MVA 33/11 KV, because of certain reason Y phase fuse at 33 KV side blown away. 2. It was observed with rise of load current on the LV out going feeders and started tripping on OL conditions.

3. All the relays used in the systems were provided with limitation of OL setting. 4. These tripping occurred on B phase system Analysis : With the blowing out of the H.V. fuse on the yellow phase the voltage vectors of phases R and Y on the primary and r and y on the secondary side collapses, Y becoming Y’ and r and y moving to r’ and y’. This result in only half the normal voltage being impressed across the windings R and Y of the primary and a single phase secondary supply with normal voltage between the blue phase and neutral and half the normal voltage between the red and yellow phases and neutral. Consequent upon the full secondary voltage being available only between the blue phase and neutral there should have been a disproportionately heavier drawal of power on the blue phase. As all the out going 11 KV feeders ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

were already fairly loaded at the time of occurrence all tripped on overload blue phase, the heavier drawal on this phase, resulting in load currents exceeding the overload settings. NOTE : - Data collected from case study of TNEB hand book 2.3. Tripping of OV Relay on 400 KV systems: It was observed with intermittent tripping of a 400 KV feeder on OV feature, though time setting adopted with sufficient gap. Action Taken :-

setting adopted in the relay. 2. So the relay picks up and accordingly the timer starts counting for issuing tripping command after elapse of the time. 3. In this relay as obtained from the test results, it was concluded that the relay drops off after the pick up value, when the voltage on the system drops to 92.8 % of the Pick up value. 4. If the dropping voltage after pick remains above this value, then the timer after counting its setting value shall issue the tripping command. 5. In this situation as per the condition of the voltage parameters the value was dropping immediately, but was remaining around 96-97% of the pick up value. Though the high voltage situation was getting vanished, the relay was issuing tripping command, in turn the outage of the healthy system.

1. The tripping event was down loaded with time and magnitude graph. 2. Each time the relay had been found with pick up of the OV feature on stage -1, with issue of tripping command after elapse of time setting on the relay. 3. From the graph it was also observed with the drop of voltage immediately after the pick Rating of Transformer up limit, for which the relay timer should have de-latch 63 MVA, 132/33 KV the contact, causing only Star/Star pick-up of the relay but not the actuation for tripping of 75MVA, 220/11KV, Star/Delta the feeder. 4. So the said relay was tested 160 MVA, 220/132/33 on application of Over voltage Star/auto/Delta feature and found with the 160 MVA, 220/132/33 followings. Star/auto/Delta 5. Test Result of Over Voltage 150 MVA, 220/66/11 feature: Star/Star/Delta Settings adopted

Stage-1 OV-1:110% Time-1= 20Sec

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Load Losses W2

275.23 277.47 274.12 64.78

48.27

59.85

172.9

193.63 199.74 196.63 52.33

47.08

25.1

124.51

419.84 419.14 420.52 54.3

71.7

63.3

189.3

110.19

193.22

221.61

309.91

408.15 422.5

Total Losses

431

32.282 50.749

397.19 399.33 388.63 13.67

Pick up Value

Drop Off Value

Drop OFF to Pick Up ratio

1. 110 Volt

121.1 Volt

Pick up

120

Pick up

188

Pick up

116

Pick up

112.4 volt

1. In practice due to mismatch of Load and supply in the 400 KV system, some times the system voltage becomes more than 400 KV and reaches top the pick up value of the

2.4 Abnormal reading of Watt-meters during Load Loss test : The test results as obtained from the Load loss test of different rating transformers were listed below in the table. The readings of the each wattmeter do not become same. WHY?

Current

Voltage applied on secondary side.

Analysis :

to the value of 423- 427 Kv, which is less and allowable for the system and relay feature should have to de-latch the timer contact. But from testing value it was confirmed that the relay drops off at the voltage of 409Kv. In practice this value never attains immediately after pick up of relay. Hence each time relay trips after pick up. Modification : - The relay was replaced with characteristics of having DROP OFF to PICK UP ratio as minimum of 97%. After the replacement, the incident of abnormal tripping on OVER VOLTAGE feature was over come.

Drop Off

0.928

6. Example in terms of actual numerical value. During momentary rise of voltage, the Over voltage was attaining of value 441 Kv, resulting pick up of the relay. But after settlement of the parameters, this immediately drops

74.57

Observations : 1. The individual wattmeter reading as observed from the table is not same, but the total readings are close to the value as per the mentioned data in the GTP. 2. The current drwal is also different but as not like power reading and approximately same for each phase. 3. The power factor though not mentioned in this table are found of very low value in the range of ( p.f 0.01 to 0.003, angles are in minutes) 4. The value of loss measurement is propertional to the rating of the of the transformer. ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Case

Study of The Month Analysis of the Test Results The test results under load loss measurement are very important to be analysed and interpretation for coming to the final value by the application of correction factor are also to be incorporated properly to avoid the confusion between the clients/ customor and manufacturer. The reason of indifferent readings should also be reviewed before drawing any conclusion for acceptance/rejection of the test values. In this stanza the analysis of test results has been narrated for developing the awareness among all the engineers involved in this test. 1. The reasons of power and current assymmetry during this test are mainly due to the following points. a. Load loss is the constituent of Loading Stray loss, eddy current loss and I2R loss. But the value of stray and eddy loss under loading condition is flux dependant, particularly the leakage flux linkage to the supporting structurers like tank, frame and other metalic parts of the transformer. b. For the three phase three limb transformer, the leakage flux distribution on the tank is more for the middle limb than that of the side limbs , because of the assymmetrical limb structure. c. The other factors like the compactness of the core assembly, clamping design etc also decides the magnitude of leakage flux. d. The assymmetrical magnetic couplings, the reason of assymmetrical mutual impedance along with effective AC resistance of the winding are also the factor of assymmetrical reading value of individual phases. 2. The value of current flow from the source is mainly dependant on the electrical parameters of the winding 60 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

calculation of volatge applied and the current drawn from it. b. During this test the inductive reactance of Fig-3 % error for different power factor( IEEE) factor the transformer compared to resistance is more and the equivalent circuit to the supply system becomes inductive in nature with larger phase angle and lower power factor. c. Effects:- As the power factor is very small, the phase angle is nearer to 900. Fig- 4 Typical value of Load loss for large Transformer ( Load loss at low source IEEE) power factor is very sensitive to its calculation. and these values do not change Because any small error in much. The varation of winding comparison to the actual low resistance and reactance is quality power factor is considerable and supply dependant. Resistance results with serious error in the load value changes due to availability of loss value. Phase-angle error of 1 DC and AC component factor and minute in the voltage or current will reanctance is frequency factor of result in approximately 3% error in the supply source. loss measurement for a transformer 3. The resaon and effect of Low with a load-loss power factor of Power factor for the load loss 0.01. So Phase-angle uncertainty measurement of the transformer is one of the many uncertainties can be summated as follows. associated with measurement of a. The load loss measurement is the transformer load losses at low done by short circuiting one power factor (Refer Fig-3 and 4) side of the winding Er P. K. Pattanaik, is presently with application of working with OPTCL as Asst. General voltage on other side Manager (Elect) in E & MR Division, of the transformer. The Bhubaneswar- Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of electrical circuit of this Electrical systems. shorting is represented He is having 24 years of technical experience in Designing, as a low resistive load Testing and Commissioning of Protection Control on the system. This way and operational Schemes, project Implementation, equivalent circuit of both co-ordination, operations & maintenance of Electrical sides get reflected to Equipments at various LT/ HT/ EHT level Grid SubStations. He has also published around 70 technical papers the supply end and the in diďŹ&#x20AC;erent national/international seminars/journals. short circuit impedance ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in is measured by the ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Product

Info

Trust built on performance List Price of KLJ Group ‘s Cable Compounds wef 01.06.2016 PVC Compounds Material

Grade

Application

GP Insulation

KLJ -22

Type A IS 5831

GP Sheathing

KLJ-05 H

ST-2 IS 5831

RDSO

KLJ-12B I

RDSO Type A

RDSO

KLJ-21NDLF

RDSO Type ST-1

LT XLPE

KLJ XL 01/02 SC

LT XLPE INS

LT XLPE ABC

KLJ XL 01/02 (ABC)

LT XLPE ABC

MV XLPE

KLJ XL 11/22 /02

11 /22 KV INSULATION

121.50

MV XLPE

KLJ XL 33 KV/02

333KV INSULATION

126.50

Basic Price ( INR ) Ex Factory

XLPE Compounds 116.5 118.5

Digital AC T-RMS/DC Clamp Meter with 50,000 Counts Multimeter DT-3381 CEM DT-3381 is a 1000A TRUE RMS AC/DC Full Function CLAMP METER with 50,000 COUNTS MULTIMETER Integrated Non Contact Voltage Detector and Dual Input Thermometer for K type thermocouple. The Non Contact Voltage Detector is provided to quickly check for the presence of live wires before testing. It can measure 500A and 1000A Current AC / DC. This Digital Clamp meters offers all the specifications required by any field engineer working on-site at incoming power site. These are very elegantly designed, perfectly fit into hand and can be used to access tight places for testing. The large backlit LCD with high display count of 50,000 provides precise and accurate readings with details till

62 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

the last digit. The bright backlit and bright flashlight in the clamp, makes it easier to use in dark areas. These clamp meters confirm to CAT-III 1000V, CAT-IV 600V and are TUV & GS Approved. They confirm to EMC & LVD, EN:61326, EN:61010-1, EN:61010-02-031 The dual input thermometer with K type inputs for temperature, with differential temperature function, makes it all the more useful for all field use. It has Data Hold Plus Peak Hold of Current Surges During Motor Startup. Can measures Motor Capacitors to 5,000μF, has 49 mm (1.9”) Jaw Opening for Conductors up to 500MCM. It is Auto-ranging with Manual Override. The special feature of measuring AC/

DCμA Multimeter Function for HVAC Flame Rod Current Measurements. This has Max/Min Record Functions and Relative Measurement functions along with Data Hold, Peak Hold, MAX/MIN record functions.

For more details please visit www.cem-instruments.in or write email to info@cem-instruments.in

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| JUNE 2016 63

Product

Info

MECO Multifunction Power & Energy Monitor Model “MFM-96S” “MECO” Multifunction Power & Energy Monitor, Model : “MFM-96S” Microcontroller based with MODBUS RTU Protocol is indigenously designed, tooled and manufactured by the R & D Department of MECO and Competitively Priced. “MFM-96S” eliminate using conventional panel with 10 different meters. It save more then 50% of the cost in panel, as it reduce size of panel, with One MFM-96S having 10 parameters and very little wiring. “MFM-96S” is built with 4 rows, Super Bright Red LED Displays with 4 Digits Resolution and 8 Digit Resolution (Energy Import-Export - 4 Quadrant operations). It has Inbuilt Memory to store CTR, PTR, Inst. Address, Password

& Energy Reset facility. “MFM-96S” has Simultaneous Display of 10 Parameters, 48 Values on 16 Pages for Voltage, Current, Active Power, Reactive Power, Apparent Power, Frequency, Power Factor, Active Energy, Reactive Energy & Apparent Energy (Import / Export - 4 Quadrant operations). TRMS Measurement, 3Phase 3Wire / 3Phase 4 Wire (User Selectable) CTR, PTR, Instruments address, Password Protected, Energy Reset & Auto / Manual Scroll Display (Programmable) are key features of “MFM-96S”. “MFM-96S” is Ideal to monitor & acquire Power Data from Generator, Remote Monitoring, Building Management

System, PLC’s / SCADA application, Energy Audit, QC Testing, Power Management, etc. RS485 Port with MODBUS Protocol & Power Master Software to store parameters on the PC is optional.

For details please visit : Website : www.mecoinst.com

Hioki Launches AC Clamp Meter 3280-10F and 3280-20F Hioki is pleased to announce the launch of the AC Clamp Meter 3280-10F (with mean value rectification) and 3280-20F (with true RMS measurement) alongside the optional AC Flexible Current Sensor CT6280. Maintenance and management of electrical equipment in buildings and at manufacturing plants necessitates current and voltage measurement, and Hioki has long supplied clamp-on meters for use in the field by electrical professionals. 3280-10F and 3280-20F FEATURES : 1. Ability to make measurements in confined locations easily with a flexible current sensor As distribution panels have become smaller in recent years, the density of the wiring they contain has increased. As a result, it is becoming difficult to make measurements even with the low-profile jaws (as the clamp-on sensor portion of the instrument is known) that have been a feature of previous products. Hioki developed 64 64 ELECTRICAL ELECTRICALMIR MIRRROR OR ||||JUNE JUNE2016 2016

the optional AC Flexible Current Sensor CT6280 to address this challenge. The CT6280’s flexible sensor can be applied in locations where rigid jaws are not practical. In addition, the sensor cable’s cross-sectional diameter of 5 mm, which is narrower than that of competing products, allows it to be applied more easily even in locations with complex or tangled wiring. Furthermore, the CT6280 can be used to measure large currents of up to 4199 A. 2. Broader operating temperature range for use in more environments The 3280-10F and 3280-20F both feature an expanded operating temperature range of -25°C to 65°C,

compared to 0°C to 40°C for previous products. Since the instruments can be used in cold locations with subzero temperatures as well as in hot regions where the temperature exceeds 40°C, they have a broader, more global appeal.

For more information please contact : Hioki India Private Limited 24, Gulmohar Colony, Indore-452018 (M.P) Contact No. 0731-4020081/82 Email Id: info@hioki.in, neha@hioki.in

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4 Edition

2016

Organised by

15 to 18 September 2016 th

CODISSIA Intec Technology Centre

CODISSIA Trade Fair Complex, Coimbatore

Exhibitors Profile l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

Supported by

Conference Partner

Cables, Conductors, Winding Wires & Accessories Electrical / Electronics Components & Accessories Industrial Control & Automation Systems Insulators & Insulating Materials Switch Gear & Control Gear Instruments - Sensing, Measuring, Indicating, Testing, etc. Tra n s fo r m e rs & I n st r u m e n t Transformers Power Electronics Capacitors Transmission Line Towers & Accessories Motors & Generators Lighting & Lighting Accessories Design & Consultancy Engineering Project Energy Meters Cable faults locators Communication Conductors & Accessories IT Solution Pollution Control Equipment Industrial Lighting, Decorative Lighting, Flood Lighting, Retail Lighting, Home Lighting & Extras Micro Electronics, Optical Fibers, Opto Electronics, Electro Mechnical. Other Products

Approved by

Government of India

EIEWA Ministry of MSME

The Chairman, Elektrotec 2016 CODISSIA, G.D. Naidu Towers, P.B. No.: 3827, Huzur Rd, Coimbatore - 641 018 Tamil Nadu, INDIA Cell: +91 73730 03305 / +91 75025 22000 Phone: +91 - 422 - 2222396, 2222397 | Fax : +91 - 422 - 2222131 Email: elektrotec@codissia.com | Web: www.elektrotec.codissia.com

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Product

Info

FLIR T640 for the Power Accuracy

The professional-grade T640 features all of the imaging capability you need, and the features you want when you’ve got a demanding workload. the T640 has been engineered for the most advanced and demanding users with the most accuracy-critical and high-focus imaging applications such as electrical substation maintenance, solar farm analysis, or long-range structural inspection. As one of the industry’s premier thermal imaging tools, the FLIR T640 provides the power, accuracy, and reporting detail needed for high-value inspection schedules and complex reporting. High performance thermal imaging with on-board 5MP visual camera, interchangeable lens options with autofocus, and large 4.3” touchscreen LCD. This thermal camera combine excellent ergonomics with superior image quality, providing the ultimate

image clarity and accuracy plus extensive communication possibilities which makes it useful tool for predictive maintenance. - Highest IR Resolution of 640 x 480 pixels - Multi-Spectral Dynamic Imaging adds visible spectrum definition to IR images in real time for excellent thermal detail to help you instantly recognize the problem locations - Field of View of 45° x 34° - Touch Screen, GPS &Compass, Illumination - Programmable Button - Wi-Fi Connectivity - Accuracy of +/– 2°C or +/– 2% - High Temperature Range up to 2000°C - Scalable P-i-P and Fused Thermal Images - Multiple Measurements – Report all

the details with 10 measurement spots, 5+5 ( boxes & circles), Delta T temperature differential, isotherm, and auto hot/cold markers METERLiNK® connectivity Annotation – Add voice comments via Bluetooth headset and text notes from the touchscreen keypad. Instant Report – Create PDF document directly from the camera 2-10 years warranty.

For more details call us on : +91-11-4560 3555 or write to us at : flirindia@flir.com.hk Website : www.flir.in

Electronic Housing with Innovative Connection Technology by Phoenix Contact

Many housing customers demand electronics housings that can be used for devices that are available with good aesthetics, innovative features and in the lower pricing range. The EH electronics housings fulfil this requirement. In addition to the modern design, this housing range excels, thanks to numerous other features. With 7 overall widths, 2 overall heights, and a range of different cover versions, they are suitable for universal use. Integrated vents ensure good ventilation. The receptacle housing version ensures shock and contamination-proof accommodation of electronic components. A number of PCB guides in the housing provide flexibility for accommodating electronic components, in both vertical and horizontal mounting positions. The device is mounted simply by snapping it onto symmetrical DIN rails according to 66 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

EN 60715. Alternatively, wall mounting is also possible. The housings are provided with integrated labeling fields for device marking. The EH are combined with COMBICON connection technology available in Screw or Spring with pluggable or fixed type solution from Phoenix Contact standard range like MKDS 3, GMKDS 3, MKKDSH 3, MSTB 2.5, FKC 2.5, etc. or from the Basicline range like BCL 508 series, BCH & BCP series. These connection technologies can be used in the widest number of positions and pitches. Main features and customer benefits: 1. 2 overall heights and 7 overall widths : enable modular device systems featuring a uniform design 2. 3 cover variants : for applicationspecific device design 3. Different connection options possible: provides connection flexibility 4. PCBs can be installed in 3 directions: for a functional device concept 5. Simple PCB shape: cost-effective PCB production

6. Integrated marking field: for fast device marking 7. DIN rail or wall mounting: suitable for variety of applications 8. Snap fitting without any tools: time savings during device assembly

For further details Please contact Phoenix Contact India Pvt. Ltd. F-26/2, Okhla Industrial Area Phase -2, New Delhi – 110020 E-mail- adverts@phoenixcontact.co.in ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

AZISINDIA2016_Smart Energy_210x300.qxp_Layout 1 15.03.16 14:53 Seite 1

India's Largest Exhibition and Conference for the Solar Industry Bombay Exhibition Centre, Hall 1, Mumbai Network with over 11,000 potential business contacts from the solar industry Stay up to date with the latest trends and technological developments Boost your brand visibility with an established B2B event

with special exhibitions

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ADVERTISERS INDEX 3M Electro Communication India Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................................................................................... 05 Aeron Composite Pvt. Ltd. .......................................................................................................................................................... 51 Central Power Research Institute ............................................................................................................................................. 09 Electrotec Expo 2016 .................................................................................................................................................................... 65 Electrotherm India Ltd. ................................................................................................................................................................ 19 EPCOS India Pvt. Ltd. .................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Flir Systems India Pvt. Ltd. .......................................................................................................................................................... 17 Garg Distributors Pvt. Ltd. .......................................................................................................................................................... 29 GEW Trafotech Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................................................................................................... 61 Green Watt Techno Solution Pvt. Ltd. ..................................................................................................... IFG Greenovation Expo 2016 ............................................................................................................................................................ 41 Heatflex Cables Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................................................................................... BC India Essen Welding & Cutting 2016 ........................................................................................................................................ 54 Inter Solar .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 67 ISA Advance Instruments (I) Pvt. Ltd. ....................................................................................................................................... 21 KLJ India ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 63 L & E Expo India 2016 .................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Meco Instruments Private Ltd. ................................................................................................................................................... 15 Mtekpro Technologies Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................................................................ IFC, 72 Next Gen Equipment Pvt. Ltd. .................................................................................................................................................... 69 Phoenix Contact (India) Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................................................................................... 13 Power Finance Corporation Limited ........................................................................................................................................ 07 Ramelex Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 39 Renewable Infra Energy Systems .............................................................................................................................................. 53 Sonel Instruments India Pvt Ltd ................................................................................................................................................ 27 Tangent Test Technologies ....................................................................................................................... IBC Usha Capacitors Ltd. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Vishay Components India Private Limited ............................................................................................................................ 25 Wire & Cable India 2016 ............................................................................................................................................................... 71

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EVEN EVE NT DIARY Month/Date : 22th to 24th, August 2016 Location : Noida Web : www.ies-india.com About Event Indian Exhibition Services is an event management Company, involve in various promotional activities like Exhibition, Seminar & Conferences, Corporate Events, Product Launching, Celebrity Shows, Road Shows, Buyer Seller Meet, Visitor Promotion & Services Related to Exhibitions.

Month/Date : 05th to 07th, October 2016 Location : B. E. C., Mumbai Web : www.wire-india.com/ About Event WIRE & CABLE INDIA, Tube India International and Metallurgy India 2014 confirm leading function of trade fair trio in India. Here you’ll find all the information you need in preparation of your visit to WIRE & CABLE INDIA 2016 - 6th International Exhibition for the Wire and Cable Industry.

Month/Date : 19th to 21th October 2016 Location : B.E.C, Mumbai About Event The event’s exhibition and conference both focus on the areas of photovoltaics, PV production technologies, energy storage systems and solar thermal technologies. Since being founded, Intersolar has become the most important industry platform for manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, service providers and partners of the solar industry.

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Month/Date : 15th to 18th, September 2016 Location : Codissia Trade Fair Complex, Coimbatore Web : www.elektrotec.codissia.com/ About Event Elektrotec 2016 is one of the largest electrical and industrial electronics sector trade events in India. The show registers high overall visitor figures and facilitates smooth exchange of relevant business information among the participants.

Month/Date : 05th to 07th, October 2016 Location : BCEC, Goregaon (East) Mumbai, India Web : www.i-ewc.com About Event INDIA ESSEN WELDING & CUTTING will be opening its doors at Bombay Convention & Exhibition Centre (BCEC) in Mumbai from 05-07th October 2016. Thanks to the cooperation of MESSE ESSEN with MESSE DÜSSELDORF INDIA, IEWC will be held for the 7th time and concurrently with Metallurgy India, Tube India International, Wire & Cable India 2016.

Month/Date : 9th to 11th, June 2017 Location : B. E. C., Mumbai Web : cwstexpo.com About Event The CWST-Expo in association with Indian Transformer Manufacturers Association (ITMA) has evolved as a solution for various motor, coil winding, magnetic material and transformer manufacturers to interact and boost their presence in the category. Over and above the fact that a range of cutting-edge concepts and products will be displayed here, major attractions would be the knowledge oriented concurrent conferences.

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RNI Regd. No. DELENG/2011/39089 . Postal Regd. No. DL(E)-20/5393/2015-17. Posted at Krishna Nagar P. O. Delhi - 110051 on 14th/ 15th of every month. English . Monthly . Date of Publication 5th of Every Month.

PRODUCT RANGE

AN ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004 & CE CERTIFIED & ROHS COMPLIANT

HEATFLEX CABLES PRIVATE LIMITED Regd. Office: SK-42, Sindhora Kalan, Delhi-110052 Phone: 011-23645428, Fax: 011-23643428 E-mail: heatflexcables@ymail.com, sales@uniquecables.co.in Website: www.uniquecables.co.in Works: H-1464, DSIIDC Narela Industrial Area, Delhi-110040 74 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || JUNE 2016

|| JANUARY 2016

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