RM May 2022 Issue by Icon Media Group

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Dear Readers! Editor

Ms. Anjali Sub Editor Roopal Chaurasia Shipranshu Pandey

Editorial Advisor

Priyanka Roy Chaudhary

Design & Production Pankaj Rawat Mukesh Kumar Sah

National Business Head-India

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@renewablemirror.com

Sr. Manager ( Sales )

The current power crisis the country is facing lays bare the ground realities of renewables and green energy initiatives. While the government has been boasting about adding more capacity —renewables’ power generation capacity accounts for almost 40% with solar and wind making up 27.5% of the total—coal continues to be the backbone of the power sector accounting for more than 75% electricity generation in the country. The problem with renewables is that the state distribution companies (discoms) have shown their reluctance in signing long-term power purchasing agreements with the solar/wind firms as their tariffs kept falling. In many cases, discoms have refused to honour the agreements signed earlier at higher tariffs as rates keep coming down due to aggressive bidding by solar power companies. Unless sustained and meaningful efforts are made towards resolving these issues, renewable energy sources would remain on the fringes would continue to fulfill most of our power needs. We attempted to cover issues in this edition of Renewable Mirror, such as rooftop & off grid, geothermal energy, wind energy, and more.

Ms. Neha Chauhan Email: neha@renewablemirror.com Yasmeen Kazi Email: yaseem@renewablemirror.com Sunil R Shirsat Email: sunil@renewablemirror.com

Stay Home, Stay Safe...

Happy Reading…

Sales & Marketing Hemant Chauhan

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Chauhan Email: subscribe@renewablemirror.com

All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Renewable Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi-110091 and printed at, IG Printers Pvt. Ltd., 104-DSIDC, Complex, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase I, New Delhi -110020 Editor : Ms. Anjali

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Editor

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Cover Story

RoofTop & Off Grid

State Overview

The country will increase solar energy capacity to 100 GW

Tamil Nadu

Press Release Solis Inverter

08,09,10

Adani Solar

Tata Power

12,17,21

Goldi Solar

NTPC

Industry Focus: Wind Energy The wind industry took on the challenge to meet this goal

15,19

JITO 15 Kluber Lubrication

World Utilities Congress

Industry Feature: GeoThermal Energy India has moderately sensible potential for energy

Zetwerk 20 Ad Index

Event Diary

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Press Release

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Cover Story

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The country will increase solar energy capacity to 100 GW

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RoofTop & Off GRID

Cover Story

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RoofTop & Off GRID

Cover Story

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RoofTop & Off GRID

Cover Story

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RoofTop & Off GRID

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State Overview: Tamil Nadu

(As on 31.03.2022)

INSTALLED CAPACITY (IN MW) OF POWER UTILITIES IN THE STATES/UTS LOCATED IN SOUTHERN REGION INCLUDING ALLOCATED SHARES IN JOINT & CENTRAL SECTOR UTILITIES

State

Tamil Nadu

Ownership/ Sector State Private Central Sub-Total

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Modewise Breakup Thermal Coal Lignite Gas 4320.00 0.00 524.08 5012.67 250.00 503.10 3025.32 1517.30 0.00 12357.99 1767.30 1027.18 || May 2022 ||

Diesel 0.00 211.70 0.00 211.70

Total 4844.08 5977.47 4542.62 15364.17

Nuclear

Hydro

0.00 0.00 1448.00 1448.00

2176.20 0.00 0.00 2178.20

RES (MNRE) 122.7 15794.01 231.90 16148.61

Grand Total 7144.96 21771.48 6222.52 35138.98

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Tamil Nadu

State Overview

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Tamil Nadu

State Overview

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Tamil Nadu

State Overview

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Wind Energy

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The wind industry took on the challenge to meet this goal Abstract India is growing at a rapid pace. Energy is key to achieving India’s development goals, to support a rapidly developing economy, to bring electricity to those who remain without it, and to develop the infra to meet the needs of what is soon expected to be the world’s most populous country. India is surely and steadily moving towards complying with its climate change commitments under the Paris Agreement (COP21). India’s pledge at the climate summit stated the country’s intention to follow “a cleaner path than the one followed hitherto by others at a corresponding level of economic development”. To this end, India has established goals to expand its use of RE and more efficient technologies. India’s well-developed wind power industry has the capability and experience to help meet the country’s climate and energy security goals. Today India is the 4th largest wind market globally, with total installations having crossed the 31GW mark at the end of March 2017. The industry is firmly on track to meet the short-term national target of 60GW by 2022. India has made great strides in improving access to modern energy in recent years. Since 2000,

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India has more than halved the number of people without access to electricity and doubled rural electrification rates. Nonetheless, around 240 mn people, or 20% of the population, remain without access to electricity. Wind power can play an important role in the coming decade to bring a clean and indigenous source of power to the people. To date, the growth of the Indian wind sector has largely been led by private sector investment. The policy and fiscal support from the government has helped the industry to take the necessary business risks to advance the sector and galvanize investment in more and more states. In 2015, when the 60GW target was announced, the wind industry took on the challenge to meet this goal in a timely fashion. In 2016, the industry installed over 3.6 GW of new capacity, breaking all previous records in terms of annual installations. Following the Indian fiscal year 2016-17 reporting timeline, annual installations crossed 5.4 GW at the end of March 2017, bringing total installed capacity to over 31 GW2. Further, the government’s vision of promoting a diversified manufacturing sector in India through the ‘Make in India’ initiative has had

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Wind Energy

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the wholehearted support of the wind power industry. The move to put manufacturing at the heart of India’s growth model means a large rise in the energy needed to fuel India’s development. The wind industry can not only provide much needed high-skilled jobs but also bring abundant clean and cheap power generation into the energy mix of the future. The next five years would require wind power installations of well over 5GW annually to meet the 2022 target. To meet this goal the policy and regulatory framework needs clarity and long-term stability. The direction that India’s national and state Renewable Energy (RE) policies take, and the rigour and effectiveness with which they are implemented, will naturally play a critical role in India’s energy outlook. Clarity of vision for the energy sector must be achieved in India, so as to prevent structural bottlenecks from preventing the industry’s growth given the dual nature of the country’s institutional arrangements with respect to the power sector. Powering sustainability India had a record year and was the fourth largest market globally both in terms of cumulative capacity and annual additions last year. 3,612 MW of new wind power was added to reach a total of 28,700 MW at the end of December 2016. This total has risen to 31,177 MW at the end of March 2017. The total RE capacity installed in the country crossed the 50 GW mark at the end of 2016. Among renewables, wind power accounted for over 57% of the installed capacity. India’s wind power installations accounted for a 6.6% share of the global market in 2016. Wind power capacity accounted for over 9.1% of total domestic installed capacity4. In February 2015, India committed to installing 60 GW of wind and 100 GW of solar by 2022. Further, India made a commitment at COP21 to raise the share of non-fossil-fuel power capacity

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in the country’s power mix to 40% by 2030. Wind Power has witnessed steady growth in the last few years, with the country boasting of the 4thlargest installed capacity globally after China, USA and Germany. As of Mar’17, it contributed a staggering 56% to the total RE generated in the country which stood at 32.28. GW. As India plans to reach 175 GW of RE by 2022, wind energy will be a major contributor, contributing 60 GW to this expansion plan. Estimates show that India’s wind potential is 302 GW and India Energy Security Scenarios 2047 show a possibility of achieving a high of 410 GW of wind. In 2016-17, India added a record 5.4 GW of wind power capacity, surpassing the target of 4 GW. India’s wind power installations accounted for a 6.6% share of the global market in 2016. Wind power capacity accounted for over 9.1% of total domestic installed capacity. India’s well-developed wind power industry has the capability and experience to help meet the country’s climate and energy security goals. International player such as Vestas, Enercon, Gamesa, GE Wind are operating several projects in the country along with domestic players including Suzlon, Wind World India and Inox Wind. This year, India left behind the US to take the 2ndspot on a list of the world’s most attractive RE markets. FDI up to 100% is permitted in the sector and during Apr’14 to Mar’17, the sector received FDI worth $ 2.2 bn. MNRE wind power programme covers wind resources assessment, facilitation of implementation of demonstration and private sector projects through various fiscal and promotional policies. The Ministry is specifically supporting the production of equipment to develop the wind energy sector in India. Currently, the annual production capacities of domestic wind turbines stand at 10,000 MW with around ||www.renewablemirror.com||

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India’s Wind power resources The National Institute for Wind Energy's (NIWE) latest estimate for India's wind power potential is 302 GW at 100 meters. The major wind power states are Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. To exploit the vast 7,600 km coastline for offshore wind energy in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone, the National Offshore Wind Energy policy has been released. India’s Integrated Energy Policy projects 800 GW installed capacity in 2031-32. Around 40% of this, or 320 GW, will come from RE as per currently announced plans of the government. Considering the RE potential in India, a rapid push is needed to meet this goal. Wind power tech is evolving fast and the industry is involved in bringing new products to market that meet the needs of the local conditions across the country. However, in India R&D needs further support from the public sector and funds need to be made available to dedicated government agencies and universities for creating the necessary ecosystem for industryspecific projects.. A public-private model for this purpose would be welcomed by the industry if a research agenda is jointly developed to meet the current challenges being faced by the national industry. This will further enhance the capacities of our technical institutions and create a robust research community. The NIWE is a good example of this practice. Its mandate and capacity can be further strengthened to promote excellence in wind power development activities. NIWE published the latest Wind Atlas in 2015. The Table on page 9 shows the potential across sixteen states. Gujarat leads the Wind Resource Assessment with an estimated potential of 84.4 GW, followed by Karnataka (55.85GW), Maharashtra (45.39 GW), AP (44.22 GW), Tamil Nadu (33.79 GW) Rajasthan (18.77 GW) and Madhya Pradesh (10.48 GW). India’s Wind power tariff current scenario India’s wind power tariff fell to a record low of Rs2.64/ unit in an auction conducted by state-run SECI for 1 GW of wind power contracts in Dec’17. While ReNew Power Ventures Pvt. Ltd and Orange Sironj Wind Power Pvt. Ltd bid Rs2.64 per kWh to win contracts for 250 MW and 200MW each, Inox Wind Infra Services Ltd and Singapore-based Sembcorp Industries Ltd’s Green Infra Wind Energy Ltd bid a tariff of Rs2.65 per unit for securing contracts of 250MW each. Adani Green Energy (MP) Ltd also bid Rs2.65 per unit to win a 50MW contract. Against the 1,000 MW capacities SECI received 12 numbers of bids totaling to 2,892 MW capacities of which nine bids with a cumulative capacity of 2,142MW were shortlisted for e-reverse auction. These firms quoted the price at which they will sell electricity, to win contracts under the tender that received demand for three times the grid-linked capacity being sold. These tariffs are lower than the average rate of power generated by coal-fuelled projects of India’s largest power generation utility, NTPC Ltd, at Rs3.20 per unit. The price gap between electricity generated from thermal, solar and wind projects has been bridged. This is primarily due to || May 2022 ||

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21 wind turbines manufacturers in the country. The Wind Resource Assessment (WRA) Programme is an ongoing activity, being coordinated by the National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE), Chennai in association with State Nodal Agencies. WRA has so far been covered in 29 states and 3 UTs involving establishment of about 809 dedicated wind monitoring stations. Out of the total stations established so far, 252 stations have shown potential for commercial wind power installations and 30 stations are presently in operation as on 31 Dec’16. Various preferential and promotional tariff schemes along with interstate transmission charges waivers are being implemented in an association with multiple SERCs to ensure swift distribution of wind energy through electricity grids. MNRE, in association with its HRD is planning fellowships, grants, stipend and research projects to develop high quality work force for the sector. The Ministry is supporting R&D proposals from R&D institutions, Academic institutions &CoS in the thrust areas of small wind energy & hybrid systems through a separate budget head from 2014-15. Currently there are 13 ongoing R&D projects through this program. After receiving a significant success in setting up wind farms in various windy states of India, the country is all set to explore offshore locations for wind energy through innovative ways. National Offshore Wind Energy Policy will explore possibilities of developing wind farms around India’s coastline. Comprehensive Guidelines for Development of On-shore Wind Power Projects in the country were formulated and issued in 2016. To get best out of both solar and wind energy, the country also aims to achieve 10 GW of electricity through wind-solar hybrid plants by 2022. A package of incentives which includes fiscal concessions such as, concession in custom duty for specific critical components, excise duty exemption, special additional duty exemption, income tax exemption for 10 years on profits for power generation, etc. is also being provided for promotion of wind power in the country. Government’s efficient policy ecosystem and participation of private sector will lead India towards sustainable energy security. Also RE in India is set to get a $400mn boost through a joint initiative backed by the European Investment Bank (EIB) and India's Yes Bank. In an announcement Tuesday, the EIB said that Yes Bank would manage the co-financing program for the development of new solar and wind facilities in India. The EIB said that "eligible solar projects" had been identified in the states of Karnataka, Telangana, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. More wind and solar projects were currently being examined, it added. In 2016, the EIB provided 19.6 bn euros ($23.20 bn) for climate related investment across the globe. India and the European Union are committed to the Paris Agreement and tackling climate change. This new $400mn initiative demonstrates the shared vision and commitment of both the European Investment Bank and Yes Bank to increasing renewable energy power generation across India.

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costs of solar modules and wind turbine generators falling by 80% and 20%, respectively, over the past five years. Experts believe that such tariffs couldn’t have been expected earlier. These are unbelievable prices. One would have never imagined these kind of margins existed for the industry. All the nine firms in the fray for the reverse auction bid below the earlier recorded low of Rs3.46 per kWh for another 1GW tender in February floated by SECI. In a reverse auction, developers are chosen on the basis of the lowest prices offered. The aggressive bids came in the backdrop of India’s wind sector transitioning from a feed-in tariff regime to tariff-based competitive auctions. Feed-in tariffs ensure a fixed price for wind power producers. The winning prices are not an outlier, as was evident by the bids placed by BLP Energy Pvt. Ltd, global private equity fund Actis LLP’s Sprng Energy Pvt. Ltd, Hero Wind Energy Pvt. Ltd and ReGen Powertech Pvt. Ltd, which also bid low tariffs. In such a scenario, obtaining finance at the lowest cost has become key. India has also witnessed record low solar tariffs of Rs2.44 per unit in May which firmed up to Rs2.65per kWh in an auction conducted by the Gujarat government last month.I ndia has a target of installing 175 GW of RE by 2022. Of this, 100 GW are to be generated by solar projects and 60 GW by wind projects. The latest bids were placed at a time when concerns have been expressed over some states looking to renege on their off take commitments for projects awarded at a comparatively higher tariff. Apart from the tariffs for executed power purchase agreements facing a downward tariff pressure from the states, the projects are also facing other impediments such as curtailment of wind power procurement, payment delays and the absence of guidelines for state-level wind bids, according to lobby group Wind Independent Power Producers’ Association. These wind projects are to be commissioned within 18 months from the date of issue of Letter of Award by SECI to successful bidders. Even as the tariff competitiveness of wind energy has improved as against the conventional energy sources, its viability continues to be a challenge, says ICRA. According to the rating agency, while the government's wind power bidding programme provides visibility to support capacity additions over the next four years, the renegotiation or cancellation of power purchase agreements (PPAs) by few states will be a major challenge. The ministry of New and RE (MNRE) proposes to issue bids for 5,000 MW by March next year followed by 10,000 MW each in FY 2019 and FY 2020, so as to achieve the cumulative wind capacity target of 60,000 MW by FY2022.The tariff discovered in the reverse auction under the second MNRE scheme conducted by SECI in October this year declined by 24% to Rs 2.64 per unit as against Rs 3.46 per unit discovered in the first MNRE scheme. While this significantly improves tariff competitiveness of wind energy

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as against conventional energy sources, the viability of such tariffs remains a challenge, ICRA explained. This would depend upon the availability of long-tenure debt at cost competitive rates, capital cost, PLF level and ability of the developer to identity locations with high generation potential. Apart from the credit quality of the discoms, weak compliance of RPO target & transmission constraints in few regions, the renegotiation or cancellation of PPAs has emerged as a key challenge, he said. This is following the significant decline in wind energy tariffs discovered through the competitive bidding route. ICRA further said the advisory issued by the MNRE to the state utilities against such actions as well as the orders issued by some state governments in this regard, are favorable for the developers. However, many of the feed-in tariff-based PPAs with relatively high tariffs as against the average power purchase cost of the state-owned discoms in the wind energy sector may remain exposed to a risk of forced back-down or grid curtailment as observed in few states in the past," ICRA said. This is also in view of the fact that these PPAs do not have any deemed generation clause or termination payment clause, it noted. India’s Wind energy generation up Good monsoon winds and a sharp jump in installed capacity helped India generate record wind energy in the Jul-Sep’17 quarter. According to data released by the Indian government, wind energy generation in the country jumped 35% in Q2’17 compared to the preceding quarter. The generation was up 25% compared to Q3’16. This quarter-on-quarter increase was likely the result of high wind speeds thanks to a good monsoon season this year. The year-on-year jump was the result of a 14% increase in installed capacity between Oct’16 and Sep’17. Total wind energy generation in India increased from 15.8 GW-hours in Q2’17 to 21.3 GW-hours in Q3’17. The share of wind energy in the total power generation or imported in India on quarterly basis touched a high of 6.4% in Q3’17, up from previous high of 5.4% in Q3’16.Within RE generation, the share of wind energy increased to its second-highest level. The share of wind energy within RE generated in India during Q3’17 touched 67.9%, compared to 62.2% in Q2’17 and 61.8% in Q3’16. In July of 2017, the share of wind energy in India’s total power generation and import touched an all-time high of 8.9%, surpassing the previous high of 6.7% in Jul’16. Wind energy’s share within the RE generated in that month was also at an all-time high of 76.2%. The absolute wind energy generation in Jul’17 also touched an all-time high of 9.8 GW-hours. India can be expected to see more than 10 GW-hours of wind energy generation in June/ July next year. However, the rise in generation next year may not be as high as it is this year. Wind energy capacity addition has taken a massive hit this

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year. Project developers are no longer being allowed to add projects under the feed-in tariff scheme and are required to set up projects through competitive auctions. These will sig. impact the capacity addition. India plans 5 GW offshore wind auction After delay of several years, India may eventually auction and allocate its first-ever offshore wind energy projects next year. According to MNRE, at least 5 GW of offshore wind energy capacity could be auctioned in 2018. Feasibility study on one of the proposed sites is in progress while a similar survey would begin at two more sites soon, Singh added. India plans to auction 10 GW of wind energy capacity each in 2018 and 2019 to reach a total installed capacity of 60 GW by March 2022.The talks of survey for offshore wind energy projects in India date back to 2010. The Centre for Wind Energy Tech (now the National Institute of Wind Energy) was reported to undertake a 2-3 year feasibility survey along India’s coastline. Either those surveys were never undertaken or the new surveys are being conducted at a higher hub height to correspond with the current tech available. The National Institute of Wind Energy (NISE) had upgraded India’s onshore wind energy potential from 49 GW at 50 meters hub height to 103 GW at 80 meters hub height and eventually to 302 GW at 120 meters hub height. A similar upgrade in the offshore wind energy potential may have delayed the government’s plans. MNRE, along with other arms of the government, approved the offshore wind energy policy in 2015. While there have been no auctions for offshore wind energy projects, Suzlon Energy- one of India’s leading wind energy solutions providers- was reportedly

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working on a 600 MW project in the state of Gujarat. No recent updates on the project are available. The news of a potential auction would be music to the ears of CoS like Suzlon Energy, Vestas, Senvion which are operational in India and would be front-runners to supply tech to project developers who bid for the projects. Challenges to wind energy development While there is strong support from the central government for increased uptake of RE, there remains a number of barriers to wind power reaching its full potential and the fulfillment of the ambitous targets for 2022 and beyond. A part of this is due to the fact that in local parlance the power sector is a ‘concurrent’ subject, meaning that both central and state governments exercise control. The reality is that it is often the states and local utilities which play the larger role. Most of the state level power sector utilities in India are not in good financial health and are unable to comply with the National RPO announced in 2016. Delayed payments of up to six months or more by certain state utilities (DISCOMs) are also an on-going concern. The government has floated the idea of a Performance Based Initiative (PBI) which would be of particular use to financially distressed DISCOMs, where the DISCOM would receive payments from central government for the timely payment of tariffs and other performance related issues. Further, recent interconnections between key southern states in India have at least created the wires which would facilitate the transfer of power from windy states to other parts of the country. More are needed, but in addition to wires there needs to be both a mechanism and an incentive to trade renewable power, to assist with ||www.renewablemirror.com||

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overall system reliability as well as load balancing. A truly effective interstate market, properly incentivized, would be major boost to the renewables sector and the Indian power system as a whole. Land acquisition & title clearing continues to be a challenge for most onshore installations in India, and the reform of this sector is long overdue. Sourcing affordable debt finance remains a challenge. High interest rates and limited availability of affordable debt are challenges for developers as well as OEMs in the country. Until now, equity investors have filled gap sufficiently, but there are limits, and having a healthy mix of debt and equity will put projects in a stronger position. Wind energy: The next big project With scientists sounding the alarm on the world’s dwindling oil reserves, more countries are turning to RE to cut back on emissions and potentially make savings. With India’s energy demand hitting approx 701 mtoe in 2015, and an expected growth by 129% in 2035, India is looking to bring wind-energy back to the market. Last week, the government announced that a single unit fell to Rs 2.43, which is the lowest unit tariff India has seen in recent years. In February, the Indian government opened the gates to energy CoS to bid on building and operating wind farms after a year of stagnation. The bid, which was held by state-run Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd and won by the Pune-based Sprng Energy, yielded the lowest tariff per unit since the bids began earlier this year. The bids are reverse auctions, which means that CoS bid backwards on the highest wind-producing capacity and the lowest tariff per unit. At Rs 2.43, Sprng Energy closed the most recent auction and bid to build a 197 MW (MW) wind farm. Other states like Tamil Nedu have also begun to hold auctions, the first

of which yielded a tariff of Rs 3.42 per unit and the second of which yielded a tariff of Rs. 2.64. The resurrection of the wind-energy industry is part of a two-part governmental initiative to increase India’s usage on renewables. As of this year, the government has auctioned off 28 GW (GW), which is part of their goal to auction off 60 GW by 2020. By then, India hopes to be producing 175 GW of RE altogether. As welcoming as the return of wind to India’s energy market may be for the economy; equipment manufacturers left without executive regulation are struggling to participate in auctions, driving down tariffs. The problem is that if auctions are not enough, people bid desperately low to keep their facilities going. The moment the auctions are sufficient and they have to look at further investments, the prices start establishing. Although the wind-energy industry is gaining momentum, it remains stifled by pressure coming from the equipment supply industry failing to meet the market’s demand. Gujarat, where the most recent auction took place, has 19% of India’s crude oil reserves. Tamil Nedu, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh have less than 15% of the country’s oil reserves, which could possibly explain the rise in the number of wind-energy auctions that have taken place in these provinces. Government, in its budget announcement reduced the AD from 80% to 40%. Furthermore, the GBI could come to an end at the end of the 2016/17 financial year. These 2 factors contributed to a rush of installations at the end of the 2016-17 fiscal years. However, the 1stauctions for wind power were held in early 2017 successfully. It is expected that the installations during 2017 to reach approx. 5,000 MW. A further 4-5 GW tender is expected during 2017, a positive step towards reaching the 2022 target of 60 GW. Small experiments but big impacts After a record addition of solar plants and wind farms across India last year, 2017 has been something of a damp squib for the country’s clean energy sector. Multiple policy and regulatory issues have crippled capacity addition even as the Narendra Government has set a target of 175 GW of renewable power by 2022. India’s current capacity stands at around 60 GW, making up for 17.7% of its overall power generation capacity. The wind energy sector has had to deal with a new method of determining tariffs, which has hit expansion. After 5,400 MW of capacity addition in financial year 2017, the Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association now estimates that the current year will see only about 1,800 MW of new wind farms. Meanwhile, this year saw solar power prices fall to record lows, even cheaper than thermal power. However, the year also saw rising solar panel prices, the possibility of the government bringing in anti-dumping duties on imported panels, and fewer project auctions. Flat power demand only added to the woes. In all, solar power capacity addition has fallen from around 4.3 GW in 2016 to a little over 3 GW so far this year. Yet, while large-scale wind and solar power

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Industry Focus

businesses have tottered; a host of smaller, experimental projects have thrived in 2017. Although small rooftop solar projects have been around since 2012, this is now the fastest-growing segment in India’s clean energy space. The country has added more rooftop solar capacity in the last financial year than in the previous four years combined, taking the total installed capacity to 1.3 GW, according to a report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance. The growth has been driven by commercial & industrial buildings for which solar power is now cheaper than power from the state electricity grid. On 18 Dec’18 the GoI proposed a slew of incentives to promote rooftop solar. It plans to give $3.7 bn in financial assistance to the various state electricity distribution CoS to adopt rooftop solar. Solar with storage: In Oct’17, India’s 1stsolar power project with energy storage facilities was commissioned in the A&N Islands. Governmentowned mining and coal-based energy producer, NLC India, is building the country’s first utility-scale solar plant on the islands located deep in the Bay of Bengal. The islands now depend on diesel-based power-generating units that are, over time, expected to be replaced by such solar power-cumstorage systems. This plugs a major gap in the renewable energy ecosystem in India. Due to its intermittent nature, solar power is now only used during the day. With storage tech, it can be banked and used even at times when sunshine isn’t available. While energy storage tech is still nascent & expensive, the segment is beginning to gradually open up in India. Solar-powered trains: In Jul’17, India’s first train with rooftop solar panels rolled out for suburban transit in New Delhi. The panels on the roofs of six coaches power the fans and lights inside the carriages. A single train with 6 solar-powered carriages could help the Indian railways save around 21,000 ltrs of diesel every year. India’s largest floating solar power plant, where panels are put up on a barge on lakes or rivers, was commissioned. The 500 kW plant has been set up across the Banasura Sagar reservoir in Kerala. While there are other such projects in India, they are only getting larger. The state-run SECI, for instance, is reportedly working on commissioning two 10 MW floating solar plants in the south Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. Solar-powered agriculture: After years of tepidity, the use of solar-powered water pumps for agriculture in place of diesel-powered ones gained momentum in 2017. Around 8 mn diesel-powered irrigation pumps could be replaced by solar pumps, BNEF said in a Nov’17 report. Around 128,000 pumps were installed in the financial year 2017, up from 43,000 the previous year, the report added. The segment is heavily driven by central and state government support, with Tamil Nadu even announcing subsidies of 90% on Capex. In 2014, the GoI had announced a target to install 1 mn solar pumps by 2021.

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In the coming months, analysts expect the solar power sector to remain flat while wind power installations see an uptick. State bids have almost stagnated or are drying up in the solar sector. So, to meet the ambitious targets of revised 200 GW, government will have to come out with a policy so that the developers feel confident. The wind energy sector, however, has something to look forward to in the New Year. On Dec. 12, the GoI issued guidelines allowing states to conduct auctions for wind power projects. Ambiguity on the norms was among the major problems the sector faced earlier. That is good Clarity, and hence confident that developers will be looking at the sector in terms of installation plans. With these changes, it is being felt that for the target of 60 GW of wind by 2022, we might be on the right track. Just days after the announcement, wind power tariffs crashed in a round of auctions conducted by Gujarat, making wind the cheapest source of clean energy in India now. RM

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GeoThermal Energy

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India has moderately sensible potential for energy Heat energy unendingly flows to the Earth’s surface from its interior, wherever central temperatures of regarding half dozen 000°C exist. The predominant supply of the Earth’s heat is that the gradual decay of long-lasting radioactive isotopes (40K, 232Th, 235U and 238U). The outward transfer of warmth happens by means that of semi conductive heat flow and convective flows of liquefied mantle below the Earth’s crust. This ends up in a mean heat flux at the Earth’s surface of 80kW/km2 about. This heat flux, however, isn't distributed uniformly over the Earth’s surface; rather, it's focused on active tectonic plate boundaries wherever volcanic activity transports heat liquefied material to the close to surface. Although volcanoes erupt little parts of this liquefied rock that feeds them, the overwhelming majority of it remains at depths of five to twenty click, wherever it's within the kind of liquid or action rock bodies that unleash heat to encompassing rock. below the correct conditions, water will penetrate into these hot rock zones, leading to the formation of heat energy systems containing plight, water and steam, or steam, at depths of 500 m to >3,000 m.

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Characteristics and Applications of heat energy Geothermal energy is a colossal, underused heat and power resource that's clean (emits very little or no greenhouse gases), reliable (average system accessibility of 95%), and native (making US less addicted to foreign oil). energy resources vary from shallow ground to plight and rock many miles below the Earth's surface, and even farther right down to the very hot liquefied rock known as rock. Mile-ormore-deep wells are often trained into underground reservoirs to faucet steam and really plight that may be dropped at the surface to be used during a form of applications. The general characteristics of heat that build it of great importance for each electricity production and direct use include: 1. In depth world distribution; it's accessible to each developed and developing countries. 2. Environmentally friendly nature; its low emission of sulphur, greenhouse emission and different greenhouse gases. 3. Indigenous nature; it's freelance of external provide and demand effects and fluctuations in exchange

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rates. 4. Independence of weather and season. 5. Contribution to the event of heterogeneous power sources. Geothermal energy will be used terribly effectively in each on- and off-grid development, and is very helpful in rural electrification schemes. Its use spans an oversized varies from power generation to direct heat uses, the latter potential mistreatment each vasoconstrictor resources and “cascade” strategies. Cascade strategies use the recent water remaining from higher temperature applications (e.g., electricity generation) in turn lower temperature processes, which can embrace binary systems to get additional power and direct heat uses (bathing and swimming; house heating, as well as district heating; greenhouse and open ground heating; process heat; cultivation pool and raceway heating; agricultural drying; etc.) Geothermal Energy Scenario: India and therefore the world Geothermal power plants operated in a minimum of twenty four countries in 2010, and heat was used directly for warmth in a minimum of seventy eight countries. These countries presently have energy power plants with a complete capability of 10.7 GW, however half of 1 mile of its generated in barely seven countries: the us, the Philippines, Indonesia, Mexico, Italy, New island, and Iceland. The foremost vital capability will increase since 2004 were seen in Iceland and Turkey. Each country doubled their capability. Iceland has the biggest share of energy power conducive to electricity provide (25%), followed by the Philippines (18%). The quantity of nations utilizing heat to get electricity has over doubled since 1975, increasing from ten in 1975 to twenty four in 2004. In 2003, total heat provide was twenty MToE (metric weight unit Oil Equivalent), accounting for zero.4% of total primary energy provide in IEA member countries. The share of energy in total renewable energy provides was seven.1%. Over the last twenty years, capital prices for energy power systems shrunken by a big five hundredth. Such giant price reductions area unit typically the results of resolution the “easier” issues related to science and technology improvement within the early years of development.

consultant’s area unit assured solely to the extent of a hundred MW). However energy power comes has not been exploited in the least, thanks to a spread of reasons, the chief being the provision of plentiful coal at low-cost prices. However, with increasing environmental issues with coal primarily based comes, Asian country can ought to begin betting on clean and eco-friendly energy sources in future; one amongst that may be energy. Technology Mile-or-more-deep wells will be trained into underground reservoirs to faucet steam and really plight that drive turbines that drive electricity generators. Four sorts of power plants area unit in operation today: Flashed steam plant The extraordinarily plight from drill holes once discharged from the deep reservoirs high steam (termed as flashed steam) is discharged. This force of steam is employed to rotate turbines. The steam gets condensed and is born-again into water once more that is come to the reservoir. Flashed steam plants area unit cosmopolitan throughout the planet. Dry steam plant Usually geysers area unit the most supply of dry steam. Those energy reservoirs that largely turn out steam and small water area unit utilized in electricity production systems. As steam from the reservoir shoots out, it's wont to rotate a rotary engine, when causing the steam through a rock-catcher. The rock-catcher protects the rotary engine from rocks that return alongside the steam. Binary station In this style of station, the energy water is gone through a device wherever its heat is transferred to a secondary liquid, specifically isobutene, iso-pentane or ammonia–water mixture gift in associate adjacent, separate pipe. Because of this double-liquid device system, it's known as a binary station. The secondary liquid that is additionally known as operating fluid ought to have lower boiling purpose than water. It turns into vapor on obtaining needed heat from the recent water. The vapor from the operating fluid is employed to rotate turbines. The positional notation is thus helpful in energy reservoirs that area unit comparatively

Although energy power development slowed in 2010, with world capability reaching simply over eleven GW, a big acceleration within the rate of readying is anticipated as advanced technologies leave development in new countries. Heat output from energy sources increased by a median rate of just about 9/11 annually over the past decade, due in the main to ascent within the use of ground-source heat pumps. Use of heat for combined heat and power is additionally on the increase. India has moderately sensible potential for energy; the potential geothermal provinces will turn out 10,600 MW of power (but

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survey of Asian country (Thussu, 2000). The surface temperature of the new springs ranges from thirty five C to the maximum amount as ninety eight C. These hot springs are sorted along and termed as completely different geothermic provinces supported their incidence in specific geotectonic regions, earth science and strutural regions like incidence in orogenic belt regions, structural grabens, deep fault zones, active volcanic regions etc., completely different orogenic regions square measure – chain of mountains geothermic province, Naga-Lushai geothermic province, AndamanNicobar Islands geothermic province and non-orogenic regions square measure – Cambay graben, Son-Narmada-Tapi graben, west coast, Damodar vale, Mahanadi vale, Godavari vale etc. • Puga Valley (J&K) • Tatapani (Chhattisgarh) • Godavari Basin Manikaran (Himachal Pradesh) • Bakreshwar (West Bengal) • Tuwa (Gujarat) • Unai (Maharashtra) • Jalgaon (Maharashtra) Cost, value and Challenges Unlike ancient power plants that run on fuel that has to be purchased over the lifetime of the plant, energy power plants use natural resources that's not vulnerable to value fluctuations. New energy plants presently square measure generating electricity from 0.05$ to 0.08$ per kW-hr (kwh). Once capital prices .Once the capital prices are recovered value of power will decrease below zero.05$ per kwh. the worth of energy is at intervals vary of different electricity decisions obtainable nowadays once the prices of the life of the plant square measure thought-about. Most of the prices associated with energy power plants square measure associated with resource exploration and plant construction. Like oil and gas exploration, it's high-ticket and since just one in 5 wells yield a reservoir appropriate for development .Geothermal developers should prove that they need reliable resource before they will secure voluminous dollar needed to develop energy resources. Drilling Although the price of generating energy has belittled by twenty five % throughout the last twenty years, exploration and drilling stay overpriced and risky. Drilling prices alone account for the maximum amount as common fraction to half to the overall price of a energy project. Locating the simplest resources is often difficult; and developers could drill several dry wells before they discover a viable resource. As a result of rocks in energy areas are sometimes very laborious and hot, developers should often replace drilling instrumentation. Individual productive energy wells typically yield between 2MW and 5MW of electricity; every could price from $1 million to $5 million to drill. A couple of || May 2022 ||

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low in gradient. Since the system could be a utterly closed one, there's minimum likelihood of warmth loss. Plight is straight away recycled into the reservoir. The operating fluid is additionally condensed back to the liquid and used over and yet again. Hybrid station Some energy fields turn out boiling water moreover as steam, that are utilized in power generation. During this system of power generation, the flashed and binary systems area unit combined to form use of each steam and plight. Potency of hybrid power plants is but that of the dry steam plants. Enhanced energy system The term increased energy systems (EGS), additionally called built energy systems (formerly hot dry rock geothermal), refers to a spread of engineering techniques wont to by artificial means produce hydrothermal resources (underground steam and hot water) which will be wont to generate electricity. Ancient energy plants exploit present hydrothermal reservoirs and area unit restricted by the scale and site of such natural reservoirs. EGS reduces these constraints by providing the creation of hydrothermal reservoirs in deep, hot however naturally dry earth science formations.EGS techniques can even extend the lifetime of present hydrothermal resources. Given the prices and restricted complete system analysis to this point, EGS remains in its infancy, with solely some analysis and pilot comes existing round the world and no commercial-scale EGS plants to this point. The technology is therefore promising, however, that variety of studies have found that EGS may quickly become widespread. Potential It has been calculable from earth science, geochemical, shallow geology and shallow drilling information it's calculable that Asian country has regarding ten,000 MWe of geothermic power potential which will be controlled for varied functions. Rocks coated on the surface of Asian country move in age from quite 4500 million years to this day and distributed in several geographical units. The rocks comprise of Archean, Proterozoic, the marine and continental Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Teritary, Quaternary etc., quite three hundred thermal spring locations are known by earth science

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extremely productive wells are capable of manufacturing twenty five MW or a lot of electricity. Transmission Geothermal power plants should be set close to specific areas close to a reservoir as a result of it's not sensible to move steam or plight over distances bigger than 2 miles. Since several of the simplest energy resources are set in rural areas, developers could also be restricted by their ability to produce electricity to the grid. New power lines are overpriced to construct and troublesome to web site. Several existing transmission lines are in operation close to capability and will not be able to transmit electricity while not important upgrades. Consequently, any important increase within the variety of energy power plants are going to be restricted by those plants ability to attach, upgrade or build new lines to access to the facility grid and whether or not the grid is ready to deliver further power to the market. Barriers Finding an acceptable build location energy supply like wind, star and hydro are a lot of widespread and higher established; these factors might build developers set against energy. Main disadvantages of building a heat energy plant principally belongs to exploration stage, which might be very capital intensive and high-risk; several corporations WHO commission surveys are typically defeated, as very often, the land they were curious about, cannot support a heat energy plant. Some areas of land could have the decent hot rocks to produce plight to an influence station, however several of those areas are set in harsh areas of the globe (near the poles), or high in mountains. Harmful gases will throw off deep at intervals the world, through the holes trained by the constructors. The plant should be able to contain any leaked gases, however casting off the gas are often terribly difficult to try to safely. Geothermal companies • Panx Geothermal • LNJ Bhilwara • Tata Power • Thermax • NTPC • Avin Energy Systems • GeoSyndicate Power Private Limited Conclusions Geothermal energy and scope in India Geothermal Energy is that the thermal energy generated by the disintegration of materials within the earth’s interior, it may be controlled nearly anyplace on the Earth’s however viable

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strategies are attainable solely at the surface or near-surface manifestations. These manifestations are solely restricted to some components of the globe. It’s a really adorning renewable supply of energy. Even supposing surface manifestation like hot springs are utilized by humans since times of yore, initial energy pumps were utilized in the 1940’s and also the first energy electrical plant became operational solely in 1960. Several countries since then are investment in heat energy as a clean and renewable energy supply, its additional relevant currently that ever. Geothermal Reservoirs Several factors got to work along to form a region to be possible for harnessing heat energy. There must be an earth science heat supply comparatively on the point of the surface or at associate degree approachable depth. There square measure 2 basic forms of energy heat resources which will be controlled. The primary sort may be a Hydrothermal heat supply, during this state of affairs, the warmth is transferred by water to the surface, water is recharged into the bottom by rain or surface bodies (like stream, lakes or glaciers) and is then heated by underlying hot rock that is hot because of unstable or volcanic activity. The presence of hot springs in Iceland, The chain, and also the Alps is associate degree example of this. The litho logy of the world must permeable in order that it will enable water to flow freely, it's necessary to recharge the system and conjointly for the new water to return up. The potential of an energy reservoir may be calculated by testing the temperature and flow rates. This is often the additional ancient supply of heat energy because it is simple to find and exploit. The second type of resource extraction can be done by Deep/ Enhanced Geothermal systems in which a deep borehole is dug to reach the hot basal rock and then water is pumped into the holes to obtain steam, which is aimed to run a turbine. Accessing the deep basal rock bed is an expensive process and hence this method isn’t as popular. Direct Use The most common and also the most ancient thanks to exploit heat is by direct usage of such close to surface reservoirs. The best capability among the direct use methodologies is that of heating, primarily for residential and work areas, the heated water from hot springs is directly pumped-up into boilers to heat the building. The opposite most typical direct use ways is that of geothermic Heat Pumps. These pumps exploit the comparatively of the earth’s undersea temperature at depths from 10ft- 300ft, therefore they will be used nearly all over within the world as they don’t need a powerful heat supply from the planet, it uses the refined temperature distinction ||www.renewablemirror.com||

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between the undersea and also the temperature higher than the surface. GHPs flow into water in horizontal or vertical loops beneath the surface. The loops absorb heat from the planet and run it through a traditional duct system. For cooling, the system is reversed; the system absorbs heat from the building and transfers it to the loops underground. GHPs will cut back electricity use by 30-60%.

GeoThermal ENergy

Geothermal Electricity Even though the employment of direct heat is additional common and widespread, the bulk of the capability of geothermic resources is employed in production of geothermic electricity, currently, the worldwide geothermic power capability is around 12.8 gigawatts, and it's expected to rise to concerning 18 gigawatts by 2020. As a result of the supply of energy is constant, power production is consistent for 24 hours very similar to coal or atomic energy. This characteristic provides geothermic electrical production a better capability issue over alternative renewable sources like star or wind energy. Currently, solely 24 odd countries turn out geothermic electricity by mistreatment 3 main styles of power plants The simplest and also the most primitive sort is that the Direct Steam power station, it directly uses steam from the geothermic system to rotate the rotary engine. It will solely be used wherever a geothermic reservoir is generating a substantial quantity of steam, like within the case of geysers and hot springs. The sole emission is that of excess steam thence it's fully carbon neutral. The Geysers in northern CA square measure home to complicate of 22 geothermic plants, that draw steam kind over 350 wells, creating the neck of the woods, the only largest supply of geothermic electricity within the world. The second type is the Flash Cycle Plant, fluid that is above 182oc is kept at a much lower temperature than the original pressure of the fluid, and this causes the fluid to vapourise or ‘flash’. The ‘flash’ is then used to rotate the turbine. If some fluid remains in the tank, it can be flashed again by transferring the fluid in a secondary tank at an even lower pressure. Geothermal reservoirs which contain water below 200oc generally tend to use Binary Cycle Power Plants. In this plant, a secondary fluid (binary) which has a much lower boiling point is heated by moderately hot water to produce steam. The entire system works in closed loops, and hence there is no emission. This is the most common kind of plant available as extremely hot water isn’t needed for electric production. Most new geothermal plants use this system to generate electricity. Case Studies Philippines: The Philippines is found within the western a part of the Pacific Rim (part of the larger Ring of Fire). The geological phenomenon within the region happens thanks to deep fractures 58

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within the earth, making many geothermic centres. The islands additionally expertise a healthy quantity of rain that recharges the groundwater and makes for a perfect setting to develop geothermic power plants. The Philippines is one in every of the few countries within the developing world that have invested with heavily in geothermic power. It accounts for 25th of the island nation’s power consumption, and also the government is investment in more comes. Iceland: Iceland sits right on top of the mid-Atlantic ridge, providing an ideal setting for extensive volcanism. Due to its isolated location and the lack of other energy sources, Iceland has invested heavily in geothermal energy and other locally available geothermal resources. About 90% of Icelandic households directly use geothermal reservoirs for heating purposes and over one-fourth of the island’s electricity is produced by 5 major geothermal power plants. Himalayan Geothermal Belt: The HGB is a large geothermally active area that stretches across the entire Himalayan progeny spanning half a dozen countries. This region currently produces a negligible amount of electricity compared to its actual potential. Over 150 sites across India, China (Tibet), Nepal, Myanmar, and Thailand have been identified to be hot enough to produce electricity. The geothermal activity is the result of the collision which happened between India and Asia around 40 million years ago. The collision causes the Indian Plate to sub duct under Asia, this caused the heating of large granitic batholiths under the Himalayas which heat the subsurface water. The water is recharged by large glaciers, creating an ideal environment for geothermal energy exploitation. Since the countries around the region have ignored geothermal energy for such a long time and have only shown interest in the resource, the region has the potential to develop as a geothermal energy hotspot. The Tectonics of the Himalayas After the Paris Climate Summit, the need to invest in non-conventional, carbon-free sources of energy has become inevitable. Geothermal energy provides for a renewable and reliable source of energy. An average geothermal plant generates about 122 kg of CO2 per megawatt hour whereas an average coal-powered plant generates 1000 kg per kilowatt hour, just a fraction of the latter. Many developing countries are situated along these geothermal belts and they can use this resource, to balance the hegemony of nations rich in fossil fuels. It cannot be overlooked that the initial installation cost of geothermal plants is very high which makes it difficult for poorer countries to invest in, but with a combined global effort such technologies can be shared and developed around the world, to move towards a more sustainable planet. RM ||www.renewablemirror.com||

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EVENT DIARY 9-11 May 2022 United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi www.worldutilitiescongress.com

The increasing demand for energy services is paving the way for a new energy ecosystem. The power and utilities industry, particularly in the MENA region, will witness unprecedented multi-billion dollar investment opportunities over the next decade. In order to remain competitive within the energy landscape, 67% of business leaders believe that efficiency is key. An organizations ability to adopt and adapt towards new technologies is fundamental to its success.

17-18 June 2022 Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai www.oshindia.com

South Asia’s largest occupational safety & health event, OSH India Expo brings together internationally renowned exhibitors, consultants, business experts and key government officials on an industry platform. The show facilitates exchanges of global best practices and seeks solutions for challenges in upholding workplace safety and health. The show witness safety professionals from across India.

24-25 Nov 2022

BOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE, GOREGAON(E)

https://www.oshindia.com/mumbai/

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19 – 21 May 2022

10-11 June 2022

LED Expo is India's only show covering the entire value chain of the LED industry. It has recognised the industry potential and has identified it as a futuristic technology which will take the lighting industry by storm. It has created a platform for its exhibitors and visitors to source and explore the latest in trend products and technologies from around the globe.

Informa Markets in India (formerly UBM India) is India's leading exhibition organizer, dedicated to help specialist markets and customer communities, domestically and around the world to trade, innovate and grow through exhibitions, digital content & services, and conferences & seminars. Every year, we hosts over 25 large scale exhibitions, 40 conferences, along with industry awards and trainings across the country; thereby enabling trade across multiple industry verticals.

Bombay exhibition centre (BEC), Mumbai, India www.led-expo-mumbai.in

28 - 30 Sept 2022

Hitex, Hyderabad www.renewx.in

25- 27 Nov, 2022

India Expo Centre, Greater Noida www.worldutilitiescongress.com

Myanmar Expo, Yangon, Myanmar http://greenpowermyanmar.org/

Renewable Energy India Expo celebrated 14 glorious years of Global entrepreneurship and unparalleled industry collaborations during September 2021.

GREENPOWER MYANMAR 2022 is the biggest international business-to-business event for renewable energy production in Myanmar, and will be held at Myanmar Expo Hall from 25-27 November 2022. GREENPOWER MYANMAR 2022 will feature the latest products covering Biomass, Solar, Wind and Geothermal Energy Production. Make a date with GREENPOWER MYANMAR 2022 – your one-stop platform to stay ahead and benefit from the many new business opportunities in Myanmar’s green energy industry. For more information, please contact Ms. Phyo at phyoyadanar@ambtarsus.com.

Renewable Energy India Expo popularly known as REI offers an all-inclusive platform to domestic and international manufacturers, traders, buyers and professionals from across the renewable energy domain. REI is recognized as Asia’s Leading b2b expo focusing on Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Bio-Energy, Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles and charging infra.

1st-3rd December 2022 Pragati Maidan, New Delhi

7th–9th December, 2022 Gandhinagar, Gujarat

https://www.ifsec.events/india/

https://www.thesmartere.in/en/intersolar-india

Over 40 years of experience and innovation, IFSEC Global has become the pre-eminent authority on the global security and fire industry. Its relationship and collaboration with leading industry associations, government bodies, research partners, training providers and education specialists allows UBM to create a series of events and an online community that caters for the entire security and fire buying chain.

Intersolar is the world’s leading exhibition & conference series for the solar industry. As part of this event series, Intersolar India in Gujarat is India’s most pioneering exhibition and conference for India’s solar industry. It takes place annually and has a focus on the areas of photovoltaics, PV production and solar thermal technologies. Since 2019, Intersolar India is held under the umbrella of The smarter E India – India’s innovation hub for the new energy world.

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