Growing Possilpark
ELENA BENÍTEZ ESPINO
AB 965 Design Studies 5B 2020/2021 MArch/Pg Dip Advanced Architectural Design Department of Architecture University of Strathclyde
Declaration AB 965 Design Studies 5B 2020/21 MArch/Pg Dip Advanced Architectural Design MArch Architectural Design International
Declaration “I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and has been composed by myself. It contains no unacknowledged text and has not been submitted in any previous context. All quotations have been distinguished by quotation marks and all sources of information, text, illustration, tables, images etc. have been specifically acknowledged. I accept that if having signed this Declaration my work should be found at Examination to show evidence of academic dishonesty the work will fail and I will be liable to face the University Senate Discipline Committee.”
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Department of Architecture Level 3, James Weir Building 75 Montrose Street Glasgow G1 1XJ
t:+ 44 (0) 141 548 3023/3097/4219
Head of Department: Professor Tim Sharpe
e: architecture@strath.ac.uk
The place of useful learning The University of Strathclyde is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, number SC015263
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
p.5
RESEARCH
p.6
BRIEF
p.14
MASTERPLAN
p.20
PRECEDENTS
p.22
DEVELOPMENT
p.24
REFERENCES
p.30
LIST OF FIGURES
p.31
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ABSTRACT
FIGURE 1
Possilpark has been one of the most deprived neighbourhoods in Britain since 1970s. Nevertheless, Possilpark has a great community spirit. Even though it is consider deprived, people do not consider themselves as ‘poor’ because they do have lots of values that have helped build their community. Poor mental health is one of the issues on deprived areas. There is a need for spaces where mental health is improved, and this can be done by the implementation of green spaces and the use of senses. Gardening is one of the ways to improve physical and mental health; a community garden with fruit, vegetables, herbs and coffee beans, making this last a new really important feature in Possilpark. A space where people can learn new skill to bring back the community economy Possilpark had, but creating a circular economy where the old un-used shops in Saracen Street will be used as part of a market. A better Possilpark, in which the old industrial history is valued, but the new green and sustainable lifestyle is appreciated. Bike lanes and other community gardens around Possilpark will make the neighbourhood more green and sustainable. We need to respect the past but open a new window for the future.
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RESEARCH MENTAL HEALTH & GARDENING All gardens appeal to the senses. All plants hold individual characteristics making each experience in a garden different. Sensory gardens encourages people to smell, touch, taste and listen, helping people with stress, anxiety and other forms of mental health.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 3
Green therapy is defined as the connection with the earth and its systems, exploring their relationship with nature. It is proven that 40 minutes in connection with nature can help with anger and can also help reduce depression by nearly 71%.1 Gardening has these benefits and others; like stress relieve, immunity booster, helps reduce dementia by 36%, soil bacteria has antidepressants helping us be happier and also, 3hrs of gardening could equal 1h of intense gym.
A DAY IN THE LIFE
FIGURE 4
This diagram shows a day in the life of a middle age man in Possilpark. Nowadays he needs to wake up early and travel to work outside Possilpark, giving him stress and anxiety. At the same time, that journey towards work is full of cars and barely any green spaces to walk near by. This person goes to work and suffers from stress, and at the same time, because he needs to wake up so early, he has lack of sleep. All these factors can lead to the use of recreational drugs and/or alcohol as a way of escape from reality. By implementing a small - medium - large strategy around Possilpark, the mental health of the residents will be improved.
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COFFEE Coffee is know as a stimulant. We take it to stay awake, but coffee and caffeine has other benefits. In a study made, it was suggested that 75mg of caffeine (a cup of coffee) every 4 hours, can result in the improvement of mood over the day. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps to control the brain’s reward and pleasure centres. It also helps to regulate emotional responses.2
FIGURE 5
1 cup of coffee needs 0.13sqm 200 cups of coffee x 0.13sqm = 26sqm Each tree = 4000 coffee beans / 2000 coffee berries = 1 tree = 0.45 kg For 1kg of coffee = 2 trees For 100ml of water is needed 20grs 1 cup of coffee is 30ml = 6grs per cup Each tree would give around 75 cups of coffee. Coffee grows in cool to warm tropical climates. - 18ºC - 24ºC for arabica coffee. - High humidity - Diffuse light Plantation - Around 1.8m apart - Trees grow around 3-3.5m
HOW TO PLANT COFFEE FROM SEEDS 1. Buy coffee seeds 2. Soak them in water for 24hrs 3. Wait till the seed starts to sprout 4. Transfer into soil. What type of soil is required?
A loamy soil, neutral PH (7) amd plant them in the green house when the plant is 24-36 inches long.
HOW TO WATER - Soil must be moist but never soggy. - Installing a misting system, warm water is the ideal.
FIGURE 6
The coffee process is quite simple, the bean is dried, toasted and the blended to the desired size granule depending on the way of use.
HOW TO GROW IT IN A GREENHOUSE - Need to provide lots of moisture, heat and humidity - Needs filtered light, so it can be planteed under orange trees. - Fertilizer - Coffee plants need nitrogenboost. - A mature plant can ripe berries without fertilizer. - Can increase the production by adding a soluble all purpose 10-10-10 fertilizer or an orchid fertilizer. - Need to fertilize once a month. Coffee plant is a heavy feeder.
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THE PROCESS OF COFFEE
FIGURE 7
The diagram above shows the process of coffee, as well as, the time a plant takes to grow and harvested.
THE PROGRAMME
FIGURE 8
Because the coffee plant takes up to 7 years to grow, the first 7 years is not gonna give any coffee beans. After that it will last between 10 and 25 years and the harvest will happen only once a year. The workshop activities can go on all year round, and the garden will be harvest seasonally, depending on the fruit, vegetable or herb that is growing during that period.
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THE SITE
FIGURE 9
The site is right next to Saracen Street, the high street of Possilpark. The diagram above shows the sun path as well as the materials and the pedestrianise streets. The site is near the Possilpark gealth centre and the Community centre of NG Homes. The site was chosen because is near the main street as weell as in the centre of Possilpark. On the west side of the site, there will be new developments in the upcpming years.
These maps show the development of the site between 1890s till nowadays. The site used to have a school and several tenements. After 1970s the site started to decay, as it did Possilpark, and it started to be emptier. Nowadays the site is a vacant and derelict land.
FIGURE 10
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GREEN URBANISM3
FIGURE 11
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FIGURE 12
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STALLED SPACES
REVIVE
FIGURE 13
GLASGOW COFFEE FESTIVAL
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THE HIDDEN GARDEN
SOCIAL BITE
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BRIEF
The brief consists on 3 main pillars: Leisure, skills and nature. Leisure and skills will be learnt in the spaces provided and helping with the development of jobs in Possilpark. At the same time, all these will be conducted in a nature environment, making this last an important feature
FIGURE 14
THE BRIEF. THE SPACES
FIGURE 15
As already mentioned, there will be a garden. This will consist on an open space and also a green house. There also needs to be a space to store and or process any product from the garden. Then, these products will be taken to the market or a community kitchen. At the same time, there will be workshop spaces such as woodworking (where people can create structures for the garden), painting, and a space to make and sell smaller stuff. Also, a skill sharing space where people can share any skills with the community. The teacher will become the student and the student will become the teacher. All these activities and spaces are also related to the senses. Having smell as the predominant one.
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THE SENSES
As mentioned through the publication, thee use of senses is a big feature. This diagram shows how the senses are used in the different spaces / activities. Making the smell the predominant one.
FIGURE 16
THE CYCLE. THE GARDEN.
FIGURE 17
As mentioned, the garden will have different products. Fruit and Vegetables, Herbs and Coffee. Each of these can be use for several purposes. All of them can be sold in the market, as a raw product or a processed product. Or they can be used in the community kitchen or for personal use. The idea is to be able to re-use any wasted product from the garden,making it as sustainable as possible.
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THE CYCLE. THE GARDEN.
FIGURE 18
As mentioned before, the building has several spaces as shown in the diagram above.
THE BUILDING
FIGURE 19
The different spaces have connections with each other making it a network. All the spaces are connected at some level.
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WORKSHOPS
FIGURE 20
THE GARDEN
FIGURE 21
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES
This diagram shows the different design principles taken in consideration. Firstly, connecting people and communities. Secondly, developing and creating opportunities. And lastly, greening the city and making a more sustainable future with the opportunities provided.
FIGURE 22
THE SKILLS
FIGURE 23
People will learn different skills such as planting, teamwork, customer service, creativity, negotiation, how to network and how to budget and safe money, depending on the activity. This skills will be developed to be applied at jobs.
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THE BUILDING
FIGURE 24
The different spaces proposed around Possilpark will be lead by different charities and/or organizations. The diagram above shows these. The main building will be lead by a charity and furtherr on will be indeendend and will build a community lead space. At the same time, the smaller gardens around Possilpark will be community lead.
POSSILPARK CYCLE THE CYCLE SHOWN COULD BE BROKEN BY IMPLEMENTING GARDENING INTO THE COMMUNITY. AFTER HELPING IMPROVE THE CYCLE, THERE IS OTHER CYCLE THAT IT IS CREATED. ON THIS ONE WE HAVE JOBS, MONEY TO SPEND, FREE TIME AND LEISURE. JOBS MONEY AND EXPENSES GO TOGETHER, ONCE ONE OF THEM IS NOT ACHIEVED, THE OTHERS FOLLOW. LEISURE AND HEALTH ARE FOUND IN THE COMMUNITY.
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MASTERPLAN 15 MINUTE CITY & DOUGHNUT ECONOMICS
FIGURE 25
FIGURE 26
The implementation the doughnut economics. For it to work, we must move within the Doughnut’s boundaries from both sides simultaneously, in ways that promote the well-being of all people and the health of Possilpark. By the implementation of all mentioned before, we will target: food, networks, education, health, income and work and social equity. The 15-minute city. We spend most of our time in 2 cities, the one we work and the one we live. By replacing car transit with bike lanes and by implementing more jobs within 15-minutes, it would increase residents health and free up roads and parking spaces for other uses.
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MASTERPLAN & SMALLER SPACES.
FIGURE 28
FIGURE 27
FIGURE 29
Green spaces play a big part on the strategy. The idea is to have a green space near any residential or industrial building as a way of disconnecting and or to use the spaces provided. On the map it shows Saracen Street, the high street of Possilpark. This plan also shows the new developments that are going to be made in the Neighbourhood along with the existing green spaces and the proposed ones. Making Possilpark more greener.
FIGURE 30
Saracen Street will be transformed into a market. The un-used shops on the busy car street will be transformed into used shops with more greenery and cycle lanes. There will be a bus lane and also the possibility of residents to use the street if needed.
FIGURE 32
FIGURE 31
FIGURE 33
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PRECEDENTS GREENHOUSES FOR BOMBAY SAPPHIRE DISTILLERY6
FIGURE 34
FIGURE 35
FIGURE 36
GSA OFFICE BUILDING5
NEO BANKSIDE, LONDON4
FIGURE 38
FIGURE 37
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SESSAY COMMUNITY HUB7
FIGURE 39
FIGURE 40
CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLLEGE, INTEGRATED SCIENCES AND COMPUTATION FACILITY8
FIGURE 42
FIGURE 43 FIGURE 41
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
The site will be connected to the Health Centre. It will be divided into two different spaces and will be connected to the main street by the pedestrianise street that divides the site. Consists on 3 different buildings: 1. To process and store the product 2. The kitchen and cafe FIGURE 44 3. The skills centre
FIGURE 45
Connect the 3 buildings? - testing
FIGURE 46
Dividing the building into two: the green house and the skill centre along with the cafe-restaurant
FIGURE 47
The section shows the two buildings with the pedestrianise street in between.
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FIGURE 48
Connecting the 2 buildings by creating a bridge and also leaving spaces to pass by along the street. Keeping thee same idea of two separate buildings.
FIGURE 49
Trying different connections between the buildings. Walk over the roof so it creates an outdoor space to use. FIGURE 50
These sketches show the idea above. The ground floor has a break through with the street and the top floor creates a green space people can walk by from one side of the site to another making different paths on the site.
FIGURE 51
These sketches are a bit more details with the spaces. On the 1st floor sketch there is a bridge connecting the buildings.
FIGURE 52
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FIGURE 53
The design was developed further and the connection of both building was created along all the roof. This created a tunnel which made it look and fee ‘unsafe’. This option was not considered for the further development.
FIGURE 54
The section shows the tunnel and how the roof would work.
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FIGURE 55
Some design spaces were taken in consideration. These section shows the workspace double height space. Also it is a space which can be seen from the outside of the building, making it very public.
FIGURE 56
This sketch shows the ide of the workshop and skill sharing spaces. Making it open for people to see.
FIGURE 57
The importance of sitting spaces and places to gather are shown in this diagram.
FIGURE 58
This sketch shows a predominant staircase with seating spaces for the people using the building. This space is made to socialise.
FIGURE 59
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The space shown on figure 56 was implemented here. The section shows the different spaces and how the public connects with them.
FIGURE 60
FIGURE 61
FIGURE 62
All the sketches above show the development of the greenhouse and the different materils and connections with the other building. At the same time, it is designed to look like an industrial building because of Possilpark’s history.
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FIGURE 63
The greenhouse has been moved to the other part of the site, creating an ‘in-between’ space where there can be planting pods. In this way, the building will still be connected with the other but also separated.
FIGURE 64
This exploded diagram shows the different spaces of the greenhouse. On the ground floor there is the Processing space. On the 1st floor the Green house, and finally the tower is creating a landmark for thee site. FIGURE 65
The building has been developed further to a complete stage. The features shown on the different sketches or diagrams have been adapted to suit a better design
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REFERENCES Endnotes 1 Therapy, E., n.d. Ecotherapy / Nature Therapy. [online] Goodtherapy.org. Available at: <https:// www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/econature-therapy> [Accessed 15 November 2020]. 2 https://www.coffeeandhealth.org 3 Next City. ‘The 15 Principles of Green Urbanism’. Available at:[https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/the15-principles-of-green-urbanism] 4 ArchDaily. NEO Bankside London. Availablee at: [https://www.archdaily.com/315590/neo-banksiderogers-stirk-harbour-partners] 5 Archdaily. GSA. Available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/483381/seona-reid-building-steven-holl-architects] 6 Deezen. ‘Thomas Heatherwick’s gin distillery for Bombay Sapphire opens’ Available at: [https://www. dezeen.com/2014/09/22/thomas-heatherwicks-gin-distillery-bombay-sapphire-opens/] 7 ArchDaily. Sessay community Hub. Available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/587001/sutherland-hussey-wins-competition-to-design-sessay-community-hub] 8 YS Studio. Claremont Mckenna College, Integrated sciences and computation facility. Available at: http://yazdanistudio.com/portfolio/claremont-mckenna-college-science-building/]
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. Author’s own FIGURE 2. Author’s own FIGURE 3. Author’s own FIGURE 4. Author’s own FIGURE 5. Author’s own FIGURE 6. Author’s own FIGURE 7. Author’s own FIGURE 8. Author’s own FIGURE 9. Author’s own FIGURE 10. Author’s own FIGURE 11. Next City. ‘The 15 Principles of Green Urbanism’. Available at:[https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/the-15-principles-of-green-urbanism] FIGURE 12. Next City. ‘The 15 Principles of Green Urbanism’. Available at:[https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/the-15-principles-of-green-urbanism] FIGURE 13. Author’s own FIGURE 14. Author’s own FIGURE 15. Author’s own FIGURE 16. Author’s own FIGURE 17. Author’s own FIGURE 18. Author’s own FIGURE 19. Author’s own FIGURE 20. Author’s own FIGURE 21. Author’s own FIGURE 22. Author’s own FIGURE 23. Author’s own FIGURE 24. Author’s own FIGURE 25. Author’s own FIGURE 26. Author’s own FIGURE 27. Author’s own FIGURE 28. Author’s own FIGURE 29. Author’s own FIGURE 30. Author’s own FIGURE 31. Author’s own FIGURE 32. Author’s own FIGURE 33. Author’s own FIGURE 34. Deezen. ‘Thomas Heatherwick’s gin distillery for Bombay Sapphire opens’ Available at: [https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/22/thomas-heatherwicks-gin-distillery-bombay-sapphire-opens/] FIGURE 35. Deezen. ‘Thomas Heatherwick’s gin distillery for Bombay Sapphire opens’ Available at: [https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/22/thomas-heatherwicks-gin-distillery-bombay-sapphire-opens/] FIGURE 36. Deezen. ‘Thomas Heatherwick’s gin distillery for Bombay Sapphire opens’ Available at: [https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/22/thomas-heath-
erwicks-gin-distillery-bombay-sapphire-opens/] FIGURE 37. Archdaily. GSA. Available at: [https:// www.archdaily.com/483381/seona-reid-building-steven-holl-architects] FIGURE 38. ArchDaily. NEO Bankside London. Availablee at: [https://www.archdaily.com/315590/ neo-bankside-rogers-stirk-harbour-partners] FIGURE 39. ArchDaily. Sessay community Hub. Available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/587001/ sutherland-hussey-wins-competition-to-design-sessay-community-hub] FIGURE 40. ArchDaily. Sessay community Hub. Available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/587001/ sutherland-hussey-wins-competition-to-design-sessay-community-hub] FIGURE 41.YS Studio. Claremont Mckenna College, Integrated sciences and computation facility. Available at: http://yazdanistudio.com/portfolio/claremont-mckenna-college-science-building/]FIGURE 42. YS Studio. Claremont Mckenna College, Integrated sciences and computation facility. Available at: http://yazdanistudio.com/portfolio/claremont-mckenna-college-science-building/] FIGURE 43. Author’s own FIGURE 44. Author’s own FIGURE 45. Author’s own FIGURE 46. Author’s own FIGURE 47. Author’s own FIGURE 48. Author’s own FIGURE 49. Author’s own FIGURE 50. Author’s own FIGURE 51. Author’s own FIGURE 52. Author’s own FIGURE 53. Author’s own FIGURE 54. Author’s own FIGURE 55. Author’s own FIGURE 56. Author’s own FIGURE 57. Author’s own FIGURE 58. Author’s own FIGURE 59. Author’s own FIGURE 60. Author’s own FIGURE 61. Author’s own FIGURE 62. Author’s own FIGURE 63. Author’s own FIGURE 64. Author’s own FIGURE 65. Author’s own 31
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