Immaculate Conception Available by Eleonora Grotto

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION availa le available

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION available How does Indian Surrogacy look like?

Politecnico di Milano School of Design Communication Design Master Degree Final Sinthesis Studio / DensityDesign Research Lab A. A. 2013 / 2014

Students: Sofia Girelli Eleonora Grotto Pietro Lodi Daniele Lupatini Emilio Patuzzo

Professors: Paolo Ciuccarelli Marco Fattore Stefano Mandato Donato Ricci Salvatore Zingale

Teaching Assistants: Matteo Azzi Giorgio Caviglia Michele Mauri Azzurra Pini Giorgio Uboldi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEX

CONTEXTUALIZATION

FROM TOPIC TO DEBATE

W H ATâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SURROGACY?

NEED OF QUER IES

19/21

GOOGLE TRENDS

14/15

TAGCLOUD

22/25

G L O S S A R Y- W I K I R A D I A L T R E E M A P

16/17

DEBATE ANALYSIS

CATEGORIES IN THE DEBATE

R ESE A RCH QUESTION DEFINITION

27/28

CORPUS GEO-LOCA LIZATION

39/42

QUER IES & DOM A INS

28/29

CATEGORIES DEFINITON

42/43

CORPUS

30/37

CATEGORIES EX PLOR ATION

44/47

TIME & CATEGORIES

48/58

FROM CATEGORIES TO NETWORK

FROM NETWORK TO COSMOS

LINK TO NET WORK

55/61

T ER MS A NA LYSIS

109/113

CITED ACTORS

62/101

CITED DOCUMENTS

114/118

CLINICS FOCUS

102/107

COSMOGR A PH Y

119/121

DOM A INS POSITIONING

122/123

FROM COSMOS TO COSMOPOLITICS

RESEARCH FINDINGS

T IME A NA LYSIS

125/127

FINAL REMARKS

129

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEX

CONTEXTUALIZATION

FROM TOPIC TO DEBATE

W H ATâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SURROGACY?

NEED OF QUER IES

19/21

GOOGLE TRENDS

14/15

TAGCLOUD

22/25

G L O S S A R Y- W I K I R A D I A L T R E E M A P

16/17

DEBATE ANALYSIS

CATEGORIES IN THE DEBATE

R ESE A RCH QUESTION DEFINITION

27/28

CORPUS GEO-LOCA LIZATION

39/42

QUER IES & DOM A INS

28/29

CATEGORIES DEFINITON

42/43

CORPUS

30/37

CATEGORIES EX PLOR ATION

44/47

TIME & CATEGORIES

48/58

FROM CATEGORIES TO NETWORK

FROM NETWORK TO COSMOS

LINK TO NET WORK

55/61

T ER MS A NA LYSIS

109/113

CITED ACTORS

62/101

CITED DOCUMENTS

114/118

CLINICS FOCUS

102/107

COSMOGR A PH Y

119/121

DOM A INS POSITIONING

122/123

FROM COSMOS TO COSMOPOLITICS

RESEARCH FINDINGS

T IME A NA LYSIS

125/127

FINAL REMARKS

129

Protocol Legenda

01. Preliminary Phase

OU T PU T S

IN STRU M E N TS

TOPI C RESEARCH (SURROGACY)

Google

Wiki

URL list

Corpus Integration

TOPI C DEFI NITION

Tagged Material

«Surrogacy is an arra n ge men t in which a woman carrie s a n d delive rs a child for another cou ple or pe rson» Tools

Manual

Visualization

Network

Glossary

H istorical info and types of surrogacy : • TRADI TI ONAL SURROGACY • GESTATI ONAL SURROGACY

WikiMindMap

TERMS HI ERARCHY

Raw

GLOSSARY Oxforddictionaries.com Who.org

Terms from web and from the Radial Tree map

Protocol Legenda

01. Preliminary Phase

OU T PU T S

IN STRU M E N TS

TOPI C RESEARCH (SURROGACY)

Google

Wiki

URL list

Corpus Integration

TOPI C DEFI NITION

Tagged Material

«Surrogacy is an arra n ge men t in which a woman carrie s a n d delive rs a child for another cou ple or pe rson» Tools

Manual

Visualization

Network

Glossary

H istorical info and types of surrogacy : • TRADI TI ONAL SURROGACY • GESTATI ONAL SURROGACY

WikiMindMap

TERMS HI ERARCHY

Raw

GLOSSARY Oxforddictionaries.com Who.org

Terms from web and from the Radial Tree map

Google Scraper + Harvester

02. From Topic to Debate

03. Debate Analysis

QU ER IES D EF INIT ION

RESEARCH QUESTI ON DEFINITION

Surrogacy

Surrogacy Global

Surrogacy Benefits

Surrogacy Problem

Rent-a-womb

100

«H ow do d ifferent countri es look a t surrogacy tourism in I nd i a?»

URLS

SELECTI ON OF COUNTRIES TA G GING Article Title • Website owner • Country • Website Typology Information Typology • Opinion • Author • Publishing date • Notes

.com

.co.in

.co.uk

.it

DEFI NI TI ON OF QUERIES TA G CLOU D Issue Discovery + Tag Cloud Combinator

The tagcloud shows the most used words from the corpus. In our case a lot of words related to Indian situation.

DEBAT E D EF INIT ION Surrogacy as a problem or as a solution?

C ON TR OVER S Y D EF INIT ION (F ERT ILIT Y T OU R IS M F OR S U R R OG A CY )

Surrogacy Tourism

.com

Surrogacy India

.co.in

.co.uk

.it

Google Scraper + Harvester

CORPUS 4 0 0 urls

50 URLS

Google Scraper + Harvester

02. From Topic to Debate

03. Debate Analysis

QU ER IES D EF INIT ION

RESEARCH QUESTI ON DEFINITION

Surrogacy

Surrogacy Global

Surrogacy Benefits

Surrogacy Problem

Rent-a-womb

100

«H ow do d ifferent countri es look a t surrogacy tourism in I nd i a?»

URLS

SELECTI ON OF COUNTRIES TA G GING Article Title • Website owner • Country • Website Typology Information Typology • Opinion • Author • Publishing date • Notes

.com

.co.in

.co.uk

.it

DEFI NI TI ON OF QUERIES TA G CLOU D Issue Discovery + Tag Cloud Combinator

The tagcloud shows the most used words from the corpus. In our case a lot of words related to Indian situation.

DEBAT E D EF INIT ION Surrogacy as a problem or as a solution?

C ON TR OVER S Y D EF INIT ION (F ERT ILIT Y T OU R IS M F OR S U R R OG A CY )

Surrogacy Tourism

.com

Surrogacy India

.co.in

.co.uk

.it

Google Scraper + Harvester

CORPUS 4 0 0 urls

50 URLS

04. Categories in the Debate

05. From Categories to Networks

Categories Network

TA GGING OF T HE COR PU S Excel

Hyphe Publishing date • Article title Website • Country • Cited actors Opinion about surrogacy Opinion about surrogacy tourism

Cited actors • Which are the most cited actors in the whole corpus from categories? • Which ones for each domain?

Gephi

GeoIP

C AT EG OR IES A NA LY S IS Network Analysis

C a t egor i e s Rec ognit io n Government • Clinics & doctors Agencies & lawyers • Activists Magazines• Daily Newspapers• Organizations Scientific communities & universities News aggregator • Encyclopedia • Other

Cited actors Analy sis and Network

How is the relation between categories and web? Who link more than others? How many are more linked?

How do macroactors mention each others? Each macroactor is a geolocalized category.

There are new interesting websites? There are new areas in the network? Which are these areas? Which are the nodes and the connections more important? Are there unexpected node similarities? Where are the journalist in the network? What they link?

Focus: Clinics ‘India clinics & doctors’ is one of the most cited macroactor. It has been analyzed which are the most cited clinics and doctors compared to their business activity in the controversy.

Tim e A na lysi s • When did the webpages in the corpus were created and how do they get positioned on a timeline? • Visualization divided by domains and by macroactors

C a t egor i es A n a l ysi s • How many and which ones for domain and for query? How many and which ones for geolocalization? • Which position do actors occupy? • How do the 10 first results in particular subdivide in these categories?

VI SUALI ZATIONS

04. Categories in the Debate

05. From Categories to Networks

Categories Network

TA GGING OF T HE COR PU S Excel

Hyphe Publishing date • Article title Website • Country • Cited actors Opinion about surrogacy Opinion about surrogacy tourism

Cited actors • Which are the most cited actors in the whole corpus from categories? • Which ones for each domain?

Gephi

GeoIP

C AT EG OR IES A NA LY S IS Network Analysis

Cited actors Analy sis and Network

How is the relation between categories and web? Who link more than others? How many are more linked?

How do macroactors mention each others? Each macroactor is a geolocalized category.

Tim e A na lysi s • When did the webpages in the corpus were created and how do they get positioned on a timeline? • Visualization divided by domains and by macroactors

VI SUALI ZATIONS

07. From Cosmos to Cosmopolitics

06. From Networks to Cosmos for every domain

TE RM S A N A LYS IS

TEMPORAL ANALYSIS

PD F A NA LY S IS Scraper for Google Chrome

Raw Text to Tag Cloud Engine

Sven

Ci t e d PD F s

Most used terms divided by domain and category

Who mentioned them? What are the most cited pdf by category and domain?

SVEN

ID E N TIFYIN G IS S U ES

WOR D S F R OM PDFs

Topic Facts

News Trends

Google Trends

L egislation Facts

International and national Facts about and surrogacy surrogacy tourism

How did the newspapers write about topic?

Related to the general topic of surrogacy and localized. For english-speaking domain: Surrogacy For italian domain: Utero in affitto

How did the legislation change during years?

Newspapers are: • THEGUARDIAN • INDIATIMES • LAREPUBBLICA • NEWYORKTIMES

COS MOGR A PHY

VI SUALI ZATION T EXT A NA LY S IS

D OMA INS POS IT IONS MATRIX: How is the perception of the phenomenon in each domain? for each category?

07. From Cosmos to Cosmopolitics

06. From Networks to Cosmos for every domain

TE RM S A N A LYS IS

TEMPORAL ANALYSIS

PD F A NA LY S IS Scraper for Google Chrome

Raw Text to Tag Cloud Engine

Sven

Ci t e d PD F s

Most used terms divided by domain and category

Who mentioned them? What are the most cited pdf by category and domain?

SVEN

ID E N TIFYIN G IS S U ES

WOR D S F R OM PDFs

Topic Facts

News Trends

Google Trends

L egislation Facts

International and national Facts about and surrogacy surrogacy tourism

How did the newspapers write about topic?

Related to the general topic of surrogacy and localized. For english-speaking domain: Surrogacy For italian domain: Utero in affitto

How did the legislation change during years?

Newspapers are: • THEGUARDIAN • INDIATIMES • LAREPUBBLICA • NEWYORKTIMES

COS MOGR A PHY

VI SUALI ZATION T EXT A NA LY S IS

D OMA INS POS IT IONS MATRIX: How is the perception of the phenomenon in each domain? for each category?

GOOGLE TRENDS

With Google Trends we could visualize that the web interest around the topic has remained constant over time. However, we recorded a peak of interest in the middle of 2013. This was a good sign and it could be interesting for our research because it witnesses that the controversy is still a hot theme.

K B J

GOOGLE TRENDS 'SURROGACY'

E D

• Times Daily • Issue of Surrogacy Troubles Many States

• The Australian • Kay Stanley's death starts battle over surrogacy plan for embryos

• LBNstudio • The Surrogacy Lawyer Theresa Erickson Voice America 12/30/2010

• Kansas City Star • Genetic mother wins surrogacy lawsuit in Ireland

• Times Online • Surrogacy orphan trapped in red tape after mothers abandon her

• Seattle Times • Parker-Broderick surrogacy case jury breaks

• Forbes • Surrogacy scandal raises question about regulation

• Zee News • Shah Rukh Khan in surrogacy controversy

• ABC Online • NSW surrogacy laws under the spotlight

• NEWS.com.au • MPs sit overnight for surrogacy debate

• Herald Sun • Gay marriage ok but in France surrogacy is unpopular

GOOGLE TRENDS

K B J

GOOGLE TRENDS 'SURROGACY'

E D

• Times Daily • Issue of Surrogacy Troubles Many States

• The Australian • Kay Stanley's death starts battle over surrogacy plan for embryos

• LBNstudio • The Surrogacy Lawyer Theresa Erickson Voice America 12/30/2010

• Kansas City Star • Genetic mother wins surrogacy lawsuit in Ireland

• Times Online • Surrogacy orphan trapped in red tape after mothers abandon her

• Seattle Times • Parker-Broderick surrogacy case jury breaks

• Forbes • Surrogacy scandal raises question about regulation

• Zee News • Shah Rukh Khan in surrogacy controversy

• ABC Online • NSW surrogacy laws under the spotlight

• NEWS.com.au • MPs sit overnight for surrogacy debate

• Herald Sun • Gay marriage ok but in France surrogacy is unpopular

NEED OF QUERIES

PRELIMINARY QUERIES RESULTS GEO-IP Note Circle's Size visualizes the amount of URLs placed in the same area.

URLs located in a same place

NEED OF QUERIES

PRELIMINARY QUERIES RESULTS GEO-IP Note Circle's Size visualizes the amount of URLs placed in the same area.

URLs located in a same place

2 Digital Method Initiative https://wiki.digitalmethods.net/ Dmi/

3 “Search as research relies on query design” Richard Rogers

TAG C LOU D

In order to get a closer idea of which could the controversy be, we decided to analyze what the results of the five above queries were mainly talking about, which were the most spoken and treated topics. We used different tools from the DMI2 to have a raw starting point for our research. With the issue crawler we extrapolated 100 urls from each query (queries in English on Google.com domain) while with the issue discovery, we were able to get a tag cloud of the most used words from each corpus of 100 urls. A tag cloud tells which are the words (or sequences of words) that occur more than two times in the given text (or in the text contained in the given urls) and how many times they occur. Thanks to the tag cloud combinator we were able to combine the five tag clouds (one for each query) into one, with the words ordered vby number of occurrences. After cleaning it up from the nonsense words found from the tool (such as “I would”, “I have” or the name of social networks) we started to analyze the result. What suddenly came to note was that the fourth word was “anand”. With a fast research we discovered it was a specific town located in the region of Gujarat (this word could also be found in the tag cloud), India. If results related to the United States were something that we were expecting (the .com domain is the American one), the fact that a small town in India was the first result with a certain specificity and anyway consistently more used than the term surrogacy (present in four of our five queries). This took us to investigate what is currently happening in Anand to be one of the most discussed topics on the web when looking for surrogacy. We quickly understood that what the Internet was debating about was the controversy related to a specific kind of medical tourism in India, the one that sees in surrogacy the answer to infertility or to the incapability to have a child in an ordinary way.

TAG C LOU D

At this point we defined our research area as a controversy in the bigger thematic of surrogacy (which is not globally accepted): surrogacy tourism in India. To better understand which were the reasons of the debate we decided to analyze our 500 urls. This was a rough work because the five defined queries were not the definitive ones: they were just generic and their aims was just to investigate the theme and to find the controversy. The analysis consisted in tagging each url for different elements that we found useful: typology of website (blog, newspaper, magazine, governmental, etc.), geolocation, kind of content (article, information, explanation of the practice, etc.) and the opinion about surrogacy. Our results were mainly coming from USA, Canada, UK and India and excluding clinics and agencies’ websites, the articles were effectively talking a lot about the practice of surrogacy tourism in India, therefore the opinion was always taking part about this phenomenon3, not much about surrogacy in general. Reading the articles we figured out that the main topic of discussion is about India because surrogacy is an expensive practice and Indian clinics offer it for a really cheap cost compare to the Americans ones. Commercial surrogacy requires to the surrogate mother and the intended parents to sign an agreement by which the surrogate mother contracts herself to bear and deliver a child (that is not genetically connected to her) in exchange of money. In India some women offer themselves to be surrogates in order to get enough money to change their families’ and their own lives (buy a new house, assure an education to their children).

What generates the debate is that for the (foreigner) intended parents Indian surrogacy is a way to save money (and often to get around the legal situation in their original country) while for the Indian surrogates is a much more than what they could expect in years. Thus is creating something often called “surrogacy industry”, in which the surrogates are offering their wombs only as an escape to poverty. The legislation of the Google results’ countries is something that influences the way surrogacy tourism is seen. For example in the USA commercial surrogacy is legal only in some states, in India is legal and it helps the economy of the whole nation, in UK is legal for altruistic purposes only, in the rest of Europe is generally forbidden and because of that surrogacy tourism in a third world country is often seen as exploitation. We faced different opinions: some articles were analyzing the pros and cons, others were radically taking a position.

For someone is “an amazing gift of life”4 while for others “using women’s bodies as bargain-basement incubators is foul and repugnant, no matter how people attempt to dress it up in pretty talk” tigerbeatdown.com5; thus we decided to focus our research on how different countries see the phenomenon of surrogacy tourism in India.

4 www.mayoclinic.org

5 www.tigerbeatdown.com

2 Digital Method Initiative https://wiki.digitalmethods.net/ Dmi/

3 “Search as research relies on query design” Richard Rogers

TAG C LOU D

4 www.mayoclinic.org

5 www.tigerbeatdown.com

TAG C LOU D

TAGCLOUD

TAG C LOU D

TAGCLOUD

TAG C LOU D

RESEARCH QUESTION DEFINITION / QUERIES & DOMAINS

With the definition of research question we have to define the countries we want to investigate to answer our question. We need countries that are able to represent different opinion and different way to look surrogacy to better map the phenomenon. To represent different countries we decided to use the different domains in google with the idea that when someone approaches a topic they access on Google of their own country. For example when we search something in Italy, Google redirects automatically on Google.it. We chose the following countries: United States, United Kingdom, India, Italy because they have different laws around the surrogacy. United States because in the tagcloud it is one the most occurred word, however the legislation permits the commercial surrogacy in some states as California and Colorado. To represents the United States we chose the domain Google.com. India because as we know in this country surrogacy has been legal since 2002 and more affordable than in other countries. Here many women, who live in poverty, offer themselves as surrogate mothers and this leads to a strong flow of couples from all over the world, generating the fertility tourism. To represent India we used Google.co.in because represents a point of view from an internal perspective. United Kingdom because the law established states surrogacy is legal but only for altruistic purposes. To represent U.k. we used Google.co.uk.

Italy because as a big part of the European country doesn't permit the practice of surrogacy and punishes those who resort to it. We used google.it to represent it. The choice of using the italian domain to represent the european countries where the practice is illegal is also determinate by the language in use, because for us was more simple to read in our mother tongue. Moreover we thought that it could be interesting because we know Italy in particular is influenced by the Catholic religion. To find queries that helped us to search inside the controversy, we once again used Google trends. We searched queries able to generate internet traffic, but at the same time queries able to frame all the different shades in the phenomenon. We tried to insert on Google Trends different queries. Surrogacy India was the one generating more results. In a second time we had to decide between surrogacy in india and surrogacy india. Once again we used GoogleTrends to see how the second one was a more popular query on google.com. So our first query became Surrogacy India. But for better circumscribe the topic we felt the need of another query. This time we decided to search specific words we need. We opted for the query Surrogacy tourism. We used this queries for 3 of the 4 domains previously chosen; while for the .it domain we had to translate them. Those became maternità surrogata india and maternità surrogata turismo. We preferred to use maternità surrogata instead of utero in affitto because we used a scientific terminology for its property of arbitrariness; in fact the second one (which means “womb for rent”), even though it is more used, has a negative acceptation.

QUERIES & DOMAINS

100 80

60 40

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Surrogacy in India Surrogacy India

100 80 60 40

2004

2005

2006

2007

Surrogacy India House of Surrogate Nayna Patel Surrogate Mother India

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

RESEARCH QUESTION DEFINITION / QUERIES & DOMAINS

QUERIES & DOMAINS

100 80

60 40

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Surrogacy in India Surrogacy India

100 80 60 40

2004

2005

2006

2007

Surrogacy India House of Surrogate Nayna Patel Surrogate Mother India

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

CORPUS

.Com | SURROGACY INDIA

.Com | SURROGACY TOURISM

Page

Category

Country

com81

http://www.trust.org/item/20131004162151-r5i0w/

Organizations

com17

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_tourism

Encylopedia

com77

http://www.ijfab.org/blog/reproductive-tourism-in-India-is-surrogacy-ethical/

Organizations

com89

https://web.duke.edu/kenanethics/CaseStudies/BabyManji.pdf

com78 com28

Rank

London, Uk

USA

Rank

Page

Category

Country

com41

http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/03/world/asia/India-surrogate-mother-industry/

Daily Newspapers

USA

com69

http://www.dnaIndia.com/ahmedabad/report-videshi-parents-surrogate-kids-have-desi-names-1922048

Magazines

India

New York, USA

com24

http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/ministries-consulted-on-assisted-reproductive-technology-bill/article5380425.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

University & Scientific Community

North Carolina, USA

com6

http://surrogacyIndia.com/

Agencies

India

http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/02/surrogacy-tourism-India-nayna-patel

Organizations

California, USA

com25

http://articles.timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/2013-10-30/India/43526104_1_surrogacy-tourist-visa-medical-visa

Daily Newspapers

India

http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2012/01 /reproductive_tourism_how_surrogacy_provider_planethospital_speeds_up_pregnancies_and_lowers_costs_.html

Daily Newspapers

USA

com18

http://www.wikihow.com/Decide-on-Surrogacy-in-India

Encylopedia

Netherland

com1

http://www.medical-tourism-India.com/packages-details.php?p_id=30

Agencies

New Delhi, India

com42

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/surrogacy-on-the-rise-in-north-India/article5309126.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

com82

https://www.britishcouncil.org.in/debatingmattersIndia/sites/default/files/topics/2013 /Fertility_Tourism_DMITopicguide2011FINAL.doc

Organizations

England

com70

http://www.businessinsider.com/India-surrogate-mother-industry-2013-9

Magazines

USA

com29

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1376911 /Surrogacy-tourism-skyrockets-US-wealthy-international-couples-advantage-lax-American-laws.html

Daily Newspapers

England

com43

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24670212

Daily Newspapers

com30

http://www.Indianexpress.com/news/govt-mouthpiece-bats-for-surrogacy-tourism/951861/

Daily Newspapers

New Delhi, India

com44

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/10/world/asia/10surrogate.html?pagewanted=all

Daily Newspapers

USA

com79

http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/blog/post/No-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India.aspx

Organizations

Massachusets USA

com45

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703493504576007774155273928.html

Daily Newspapers

USA

com2

http://www.medicaltourismco.com/assisted-reproduction-fertility/low-cost-surrogacy-India.php

Agencies

USA

com46

http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/10/01/canadian-mother-hired-surrogate-at-controversial-baby-factory-in-India-bbc-documentary

Daily Newspapers

Canada

com31

http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/gaps-in-surrogacy-bill/article5276062.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

com71

http://www.npr.org/2013/11/05/243213647/author-says-surrogacy-is-ancient

Magazines

USA

com12

http://tigerbeatdown.com/2012/06/11/let-us-colonise-your-wombs-surrogacy-in-India/

Activists

USA

com72

http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/features/womb-rent-surrogate-mothers-India

Magazines

USA

com32

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/30/India-surrogate-mothers-law

Daily Newspapers

com21

http://amaniandbobsurrogacy.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

USA

com47

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2439977/ The-baby-factory-In-huge-clinic-India-hundreds-women-paid-5-000-Western-couples-babies.html

Daily Newspapers

USA

com15

http://surrogacycentreIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_surrogacy_in_India

Encylopedia

Global

England

com33

http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2010/07/31/India-to-regulate-surrogacy-tourism/UPI-60591280612390/

com34

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/India/9811222/India-bans-gay-foreign-couples-from-surrogacy.html

Daily Newspapers

com58

http://www.mymedholiday.com/blog/2013/09/720/will-new-restrictions-on-commercial-surrogacy-effect-fertility-tourism-in-India/

Magazines

California, USA

com19

com3

http://www.fertilityauthority.com/treatment/surrogacy/surrogacy-tourism

Agencies

New York, USA

com48

http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/2013/09/30/birth-in-Indias-surrogacy-capital/

Daily Newspapers

USA

com83

http://lurepository.lakeheadu.ca:8080/handle/2453/431

University & Scientific Community

com7

http://surrogacyIndias.blogspot.com/

Agencies

India

com35

http://www.sfchronicle.com/local/bayarea/item/India-surrogacy-Chapter-One-23858.php

Daily Newspapers

San Francisco, USA

com73

http://www.bionews.org.uk/page_359997.asp

Magazines

com36

http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/tourism/20130928 /abu-dhabi-couple-find-bundle-of-joy-at-Indias-gujarat-surrogacy-clinic

Daily Newspapers

Abu Dahbi, UAE

com74

http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/11/04/commercial-surrogacy-booms-India

Daily Newspapers

australia

com20

http://ourjourneytosurrogacyinIndia.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

USA

http://www.delhi-ivf.com/India_surrogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

Canada

Magazines

Washington DC, USA England

Canada

com13

http://www.ivf-clinics-India.com

com84

http://www.academia.edu/1768877/Surrogate_Tourism_and_Reproductive_Rights

University & Scientific Community

Toronto, Canada

com16

com37

http://timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/topic/surrogacy

Daily Newspapers

India

com49

http://newIndianexpress.com/states/kerala/Kerala-shrugs-off-surrogacy-stigma/2013/11/10/article1882417.ece

Daily Newspapers

USA

com26

http://www.India.embassy.gov.au/ndli/vm_surrogacy.html

Government

australia

http://boi.gov.in/content/surrogacy

Government

New Delhi, India

Clinics & Doctors

Perambur, India

com38

http://abcnews.go.com/Health/infertile-americans-India-gestational-surrogates/story?id=20808125

com59

http://www.utne.com/politics/surrogacy-as-medical-tourism-5435.aspx

Magazines

Kansas, USA

com27

com14

http://www.joychenputhukulam.com/newsMore.php?newsId=33302

Clinics & Doctors

USA

com50

http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-26/world/40862935_1_surrogacy-surrogate-mother-poor-women

Daily Newspapers

USA

com51

http://www.telegraphIndia.com/1131031/jsp/nation/story_17514940.jsp

Daily Newspapers

Calcutta, India

com52

http://www.livemint.com/Politics/PO2th3aLwrclVEhFWQ7g1L/Foreigners-seeking-surrogate-mothers-wont-be-allowed-on-tou.html

Daily Newspapers

New Delhi, India

com53

http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/newdelhi/court-rejects-plea-to-choose-sex-of-kids-through-surrogacy/ article1-1147224.aspx

Daily Newspapers

India

com75

http://metro.co.uk/2013/10/01/worlds-first-baby-factory-inside-Indias-home-for-surrogate-mothers-4130692/

Daily Newspapers

http://www.globaldoctoroptions.com/surrogacy-in-India-guide

Agencies

Las Vegas

com39

http://www.thestatesman.net/news/24888-mixed-response-to-new-surrogacy-rule.html

com60

http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2012/10/08/medethics-2012-100551.abstract

com80

http://www.samawomenshealth.org/downloads/Birthing%20A%20Market.pdf

Daily Newspapers

Daily Newspapers Magazines Organizations

New York, USA

Delhi, India London, UK India

com61

http://www.imtj.com/news/?entryid82=303274

com4

http://fertility.treatmentabroad.com/going-abroad-for-treatment/surrogacy-issues

Agencies

London, UK

com8

com40

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/world/asia/05iht-letter05.html

Daily Newspapers

New York, USA

com9

http://www.surrogateIndia.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

com54

http://tribune.com.pk/story/620923/shahrukh-khan-and-surrogacy-in-India/

Daily Newspapers

USA

http://www.newrepublic.com/article/115201/leslie-morgan-steiners-baby-chase-reviewed-jessica-grose

Magazines

Columbia, USA

Magazines

London, UK

com5

http://www.surrogacyclinics.com/

#N/D

http://www.nature.com/nIndia/2012/120326/full/nIndia.2012.41.html

Magazines

India

com76

com62

http://mlj.sagepub.com/content/79/4/135.abstract

Magazines

USA

com10

http://www.newlifeIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

com55

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/no-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India-home-ministry/431374-3.html

Daily Newspapers

India

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/are-Indian-surrogacy-programs-exploiting-impoverished-women/

Daily Newspapers

New York, USA

Agencies

USA

com85

http://www.aglobalvillage.org/journal/issue7/globalhealth/surrogacy/

com63

http://www.dailylife.com.au/life-and-love/real-life/protecting-women-from-fertility-tourists-20130204-2dtwj.html

Magazines

Sidney, Australia

com56

com64

http://globalivf.com/2013/05/25/surrogacy-in-India/

Magazines

USA

com11

http://www.surrogacyservices.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

com22

http://oursurrogacy.wordpress.com/

Personal Experiences

California, USA

http://Indiatoday.intoday.in/story/surrogacy-commissioning-tourist-visa-India/1/320911.html

Daily Newspapers

India

University & Scientific Community

London, UK

com86

http://ncbio.org/nordisk/arkiv/macklin-ppt.pdf

com65

http://www.jacksonvilleboating.info/how-medical-tourism-is-changing-surrogacy-options/

Magazines

USA

com57

com66

http://voices.yahoo.com/surrogacy-abroad-medical-tourism-bringing-home-1304003.html

Magazines

USA

com88

http://www.stanford.edu/group/womenscourage/Surrogacy/

University & Scientific Community

California, USA

com23

http://michaels-surrogacy.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

California, USA

University & Scientific Community

sweden

com67

http://www.ecoworld.com/other/India-regulate-surrogacy-tourism.html

Magazines

USA

com68

http://cloudninefertility.wordpress.com/2012/02/09/the-rise-of-surrogacy-tourism-in-India/

Magazines

India

com87

http://www.familylawiclip.co.uk/articles/India-new-medical-visa-laws-to-regulate-surrogacy

University & Scientific Community

CORPUS

.Com | SURROGACY INDIA

.Com | SURROGACY TOURISM

Page

Category

Country

com81

http://www.trust.org/item/20131004162151-r5i0w/

Organizations

com17

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_tourism

Encylopedia

com77

http://www.ijfab.org/blog/reproductive-tourism-in-India-is-surrogacy-ethical/

Organizations

com89

https://web.duke.edu/kenanethics/CaseStudies/BabyManji.pdf

com78 com28

Rank

London, Uk

USA

Rank

Page

Category

Country

com41

http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/03/world/asia/India-surrogate-mother-industry/

Daily Newspapers

USA

com69

http://www.dnaIndia.com/ahmedabad/report-videshi-parents-surrogate-kids-have-desi-names-1922048

Magazines

India

New York, USA

com24

http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/ministries-consulted-on-assisted-reproductive-technology-bill/article5380425.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

University & Scientific Community

North Carolina, USA

com6

http://surrogacyIndia.com/

Agencies

India

http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/02/surrogacy-tourism-India-nayna-patel

Organizations

California, USA

com25

http://articles.timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/2013-10-30/India/43526104_1_surrogacy-tourist-visa-medical-visa

Daily Newspapers

India

http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2012/01 /reproductive_tourism_how_surrogacy_provider_planethospital_speeds_up_pregnancies_and_lowers_costs_.html

Daily Newspapers

USA

com18

http://www.wikihow.com/Decide-on-Surrogacy-in-India

Encylopedia

Netherland

com1

http://www.medical-tourism-India.com/packages-details.php?p_id=30

Agencies

New Delhi, India

com42

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/surrogacy-on-the-rise-in-north-India/article5309126.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

com82

https://www.britishcouncil.org.in/debatingmattersIndia/sites/default/files/topics/2013 /Fertility_Tourism_DMITopicguide2011FINAL.doc

Organizations

England

com70

http://www.businessinsider.com/India-surrogate-mother-industry-2013-9

Magazines

USA

com29

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1376911 /Surrogacy-tourism-skyrockets-US-wealthy-international-couples-advantage-lax-American-laws.html

Daily Newspapers

England

com43

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24670212

Daily Newspapers

com30

http://www.Indianexpress.com/news/govt-mouthpiece-bats-for-surrogacy-tourism/951861/

Daily Newspapers

New Delhi, India

com44

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/10/world/asia/10surrogate.html?pagewanted=all

Daily Newspapers

USA

com79

http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/blog/post/No-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India.aspx

Organizations

Massachusets USA

com45

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703493504576007774155273928.html

Daily Newspapers

USA

com2

http://www.medicaltourismco.com/assisted-reproduction-fertility/low-cost-surrogacy-India.php

Agencies

USA

com46

http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/10/01/canadian-mother-hired-surrogate-at-controversial-baby-factory-in-India-bbc-documentary

Daily Newspapers

Canada

com31

http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/gaps-in-surrogacy-bill/article5276062.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

com71

http://www.npr.org/2013/11/05/243213647/author-says-surrogacy-is-ancient

Magazines

USA

com12

http://tigerbeatdown.com/2012/06/11/let-us-colonise-your-wombs-surrogacy-in-India/

Activists

USA

com72

http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/features/womb-rent-surrogate-mothers-India

Magazines

USA

com32

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/30/India-surrogate-mothers-law

Daily Newspapers

com21

http://amaniandbobsurrogacy.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

USA

com47

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2439977/ The-baby-factory-In-huge-clinic-India-hundreds-women-paid-5-000-Western-couples-babies.html

Daily Newspapers

USA

com15

http://surrogacycentreIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_surrogacy_in_India

Encylopedia

Global

England

com33

http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2010/07/31/India-to-regulate-surrogacy-tourism/UPI-60591280612390/

com34

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/India/9811222/India-bans-gay-foreign-couples-from-surrogacy.html

Daily Newspapers

com58

http://www.mymedholiday.com/blog/2013/09/720/will-new-restrictions-on-commercial-surrogacy-effect-fertility-tourism-in-India/

Magazines

California, USA

com19

com3

http://www.fertilityauthority.com/treatment/surrogacy/surrogacy-tourism

Agencies

New York, USA

com48

http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/2013/09/30/birth-in-Indias-surrogacy-capital/

Daily Newspapers

USA

com83

http://lurepository.lakeheadu.ca:8080/handle/2453/431

University & Scientific Community

com7

http://surrogacyIndias.blogspot.com/

Agencies

India

com35

http://www.sfchronicle.com/local/bayarea/item/India-surrogacy-Chapter-One-23858.php

Daily Newspapers

San Francisco, USA

com73

http://www.bionews.org.uk/page_359997.asp

Magazines

com36

http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/tourism/20130928 /abu-dhabi-couple-find-bundle-of-joy-at-Indias-gujarat-surrogacy-clinic

Daily Newspapers

Abu Dahbi, UAE

com74

http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/11/04/commercial-surrogacy-booms-India

Daily Newspapers

australia

com20

http://ourjourneytosurrogacyinIndia.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

USA

http://www.delhi-ivf.com/India_surrogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

Canada

Magazines

Washington DC, USA England

Canada

com13

http://www.ivf-clinics-India.com

com84

http://www.academia.edu/1768877/Surrogate_Tourism_and_Reproductive_Rights

University & Scientific Community

Toronto, Canada

com16

com37

http://timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/topic/surrogacy

Daily Newspapers

India

com49

http://newIndianexpress.com/states/kerala/Kerala-shrugs-off-surrogacy-stigma/2013/11/10/article1882417.ece

Daily Newspapers

USA

com26

http://www.India.embassy.gov.au/ndli/vm_surrogacy.html

Government

australia

http://boi.gov.in/content/surrogacy

Government

New Delhi, India

Clinics & Doctors

Perambur, India

com38

http://abcnews.go.com/Health/infertile-americans-India-gestational-surrogates/story?id=20808125

com59

http://www.utne.com/politics/surrogacy-as-medical-tourism-5435.aspx

Magazines

Kansas, USA

com27

com14

http://www.joychenputhukulam.com/newsMore.php?newsId=33302

Clinics & Doctors

USA

com50

http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-26/world/40862935_1_surrogacy-surrogate-mother-poor-women

Daily Newspapers

USA

com51

http://www.telegraphIndia.com/1131031/jsp/nation/story_17514940.jsp

Daily Newspapers

Calcutta, India

com52

http://www.livemint.com/Politics/PO2th3aLwrclVEhFWQ7g1L/Foreigners-seeking-surrogate-mothers-wont-be-allowed-on-tou.html

Daily Newspapers

New Delhi, India

com53

http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/newdelhi/court-rejects-plea-to-choose-sex-of-kids-through-surrogacy/ article1-1147224.aspx

Daily Newspapers

India

com75

http://metro.co.uk/2013/10/01/worlds-first-baby-factory-inside-Indias-home-for-surrogate-mothers-4130692/

Daily Newspapers

http://www.globaldoctoroptions.com/surrogacy-in-India-guide

Agencies

Las Vegas

com39

http://www.thestatesman.net/news/24888-mixed-response-to-new-surrogacy-rule.html

com60

http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2012/10/08/medethics-2012-100551.abstract

com80

http://www.samawomenshealth.org/downloads/Birthing%20A%20Market.pdf

Daily Newspapers

Daily Newspapers Magazines Organizations

New York, USA

Delhi, India London, UK India

com61

http://www.imtj.com/news/?entryid82=303274

com4

http://fertility.treatmentabroad.com/going-abroad-for-treatment/surrogacy-issues

Agencies

London, UK

com8

com40

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/world/asia/05iht-letter05.html

Daily Newspapers

New York, USA

com9

http://www.surrogateIndia.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

com54

http://tribune.com.pk/story/620923/shahrukh-khan-and-surrogacy-in-India/

Daily Newspapers

USA

http://www.newrepublic.com/article/115201/leslie-morgan-steiners-baby-chase-reviewed-jessica-grose

Magazines

Columbia, USA

Magazines

London, UK

com5

http://www.surrogacyclinics.com/

#N/D

http://www.nature.com/nIndia/2012/120326/full/nIndia.2012.41.html

Magazines

India

com76

com62

http://mlj.sagepub.com/content/79/4/135.abstract

Magazines

USA

com10

http://www.newlifeIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

com55

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/no-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India-home-ministry/431374-3.html

Daily Newspapers

India

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/are-Indian-surrogacy-programs-exploiting-impoverished-women/

Daily Newspapers

New York, USA

Agencies

USA

com85

http://www.aglobalvillage.org/journal/issue7/globalhealth/surrogacy/

com63

http://www.dailylife.com.au/life-and-love/real-life/protecting-women-from-fertility-tourists-20130204-2dtwj.html

Magazines

Sidney, Australia

com56

com64

http://globalivf.com/2013/05/25/surrogacy-in-India/

Magazines

USA

com11

http://www.surrogacyservices.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

com22

http://oursurrogacy.wordpress.com/

Personal Experiences

California, USA

http://Indiatoday.intoday.in/story/surrogacy-commissioning-tourist-visa-India/1/320911.html

Daily Newspapers

India

University & Scientific Community

London, UK

com86

http://ncbio.org/nordisk/arkiv/macklin-ppt.pdf

com65

http://www.jacksonvilleboating.info/how-medical-tourism-is-changing-surrogacy-options/

Magazines

USA

com57

com66

http://voices.yahoo.com/surrogacy-abroad-medical-tourism-bringing-home-1304003.html

Magazines

USA

com88

http://www.stanford.edu/group/womenscourage/Surrogacy/

University & Scientific Community

California, USA

com23

http://michaels-surrogacy.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

California, USA

University & Scientific Community

sweden

com67

http://www.ecoworld.com/other/India-regulate-surrogacy-tourism.html

Magazines

USA

com68

http://cloudninefertility.wordpress.com/2012/02/09/the-rise-of-surrogacy-tourism-in-India/

Magazines

India

com87

http://www.familylawiclip.co.uk/articles/India-new-medical-visa-laws-to-regulate-surrogacy

University & Scientific Community

CORPUS

.Co.Uk | SURROGACY TOURISM

.Co.Uk | SURROGACY INDIA

Page

Category

Country

uk78

http://www.trust.org/item/20131004162151-r5i0w/

Organizations

Rank

Page

Category

Country

uk30

http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/03/world/asia/India-surrogate-mother-industry/

Daily Newspapers

USA

Rank

uk17

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_tourism

Encylopedia

global

uk10

http://surrogacyIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

UK/India

uk84

https://web.duke.edu/kenanethics/CaseStudies/BabyManji.pdf

University & Scientific Community

USA

uk31

http://www.businessinsider.com/India-surrogate-mother-industry-2013-9

Magazines

New York, USA

uk8

http://www.ijfab.org/blog/reproductive-tourism-in-India-is-surrogacy-ethical/

Organizations

New York, USA

uk32

http://www.sfchronicle.com/local/bayarea/item/India-surrogacy-Chapter-One-23858.php

Daily Newspapers

California, USA

uk79

http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/02/surrogacy-tourism-India-nayna-patel

Organizations

California, USA

uk18

http://www.wikihow.com/Decide-on-Surrogacy-in-India

Encylopedia

USA

uk61

http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2012/01 /reproductive_tourism_how_surrogacy_provider_planethospital_speeds_up_pregnancies_and_lowers_costs_.html

Daily Newspapers

USA

uk33

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/surrogacy-on-the-rise-in-north-India/article5309126.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

uk68

http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/features/womb-rent-surrogate-mothers-India

Magazines

New York, USA

uk34

http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/10/01/canadian-mother-hired-surrogate-at-controversial-baby-factory-in-India-bbc-documentary/

Daily Newspapers

Canada

uk1

http://www.medical-tourism-India.com/packages-details.php?p_id=30

Agencies

India

uk35

http://abcnews.go.com/Health/infertile-americans-India-gestational-surrogates/story?id=20808125

Daily Newspapers

New York, USA

uk2

http://www.medicaltourismco.com/assisted-reproduction-fertility/low-cost-surrogacy-India.php

Agencies

Texas, USA

uk19

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_surrogacy_in_India

Encylopedia

USA

uk48

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1376911 /Surrogacy-tourism-skyrockets-US-wealthy-international-couples-advantage-lax-American-laws.html

Daily Newspapers

uk36

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2439977 /The-baby-factory-In-huge-clinic-India-hundreds-women-paid-5-000-Western-couples-babies.html

Daily Newspapers

uk49

http://www.Indianexpress.com/news/govt-mouthpiece-bats-for-surrogacy-tourism/951861/0

Daily Newspapers

India

uk37

http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/2013/09/30/birth-in-Indias-surrogacy-capital/

Daily Newspapers

USA

uk50

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/30/India-surrogate-mothers-law

Daily Newspapers

uk21

http://ourjourneytosurrogacyinIndia.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

Canada

uk24

https://www.britishcouncil.org.in/debatingmattersIndia/sites/default/files/topics/2013 /Fertility_Tourism_DMITopicguide2011FINAL.doc

Organizations

uk20

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy

Encylopedia

USA

uk73

http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2010/07/31/India-to-regulate-surrogacy-tourism/UPI-60591280612390/

Magazines

USA

uk38

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24275373

Daily Newspapers

uk85

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hypa.12005/pdf

University & Scientific Community

USA

uk39

http://articles.timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/2013-10-30/India/43526104_1_surrogacy-tourist-visa-medical-visa

Daily Newspapers

India

uk51

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/world/asia/05iht-letter05.html

Daily Newspapers

Ney York, USA

uk40

http://www.sfgate.com/local/bayarea/item/India-surrogacy-Chapter-One-23858.php

Daily Newspapers

California, USA

uk63

http://tigerbeatdown.com/2012/06/11/let-us-colonise-your-wombs-surrogacy-in-India/

Activists

USA

uk65

http://surrogacyIndias.blogspot.com/

Magazines

California, USA

uk29

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22156300

Government

Maryland, USA

uk11

http://www.delhi-ivf.com/surogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk52

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/India/9811222/India-bans-gay-foreign-couples-from-surrogacy.html

Daily Newspapers

uk12

http://surrogacycentreIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk80

http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/blog/post/No-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India.aspx

Organizations

Massachusetts, USA

uk13

http://www.surrogacyservices.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk69

http://www.fertilityauthority.com/treatment/surrogacy/surrogacy-tourism

agenzia

New York, USA

uk41

http://www.npr.org/2013/11/05/243213647/author-says-surrogacy-is-ancient

Magazines

Virginia, USA

uk66

http://www.mymedholiday.com/blog/2013/09/720/will-new-restrictions-on-commercial-surrogacy-effect-fertility-tourism-in-India/

Magazines

California

uk14

http://www.surrogacyservices.net/why-surrogacy-services-India.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk86

http://lurepository.lakeheadu.ca:8080/handle/2453/431

University & Scientific Community

Canada

uk68

http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/features/womb-rent-surrogate-mothers-India

Magazines

New York, USA

uk53

http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/gaps-in-surrogacy-bill/article5276062.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

uk25

http://boi.gov.in/content/surrogacy

Government

India

uk54

http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/tourism/20130928 /abu-dhabi-couple-find-bundle-of-joy-at-Indias-gujarat-surrogacy-clinic#full

Daily Newspapers

United Arab Emirates

uk26

http://www.India.embassy.gov.au/ndli/vm_surrogacy.html

Government

Australia

uk9

http://www.joychenputhukulam.com/newsMore.php?newsId=33302

Clinics & Doctors

Illinois, USA

uk15

http://www.newlifeIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk5

https://twitter.com/mandyvandeven/status/388437595363229698

Other

global

uk83

http://www.stanford.edu/group/womenscourage/Surrogacy/

University & Scientific Community

California, USA

uk6

https://twitter.com/trustlawconnect/status/386177331456671744

Other

global

uk4

http://www.globaldoctoroptions.com/

Agencies

Nevada, USA

uk55

http://timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/topic/surrogacy

Daily Newspapers

India

uk67

http://www.bionews.org.uk/page_359997.asp

Magazines

uk32

http://www.sfchronicle.com/local/bayarea/item/India-surrogacy-Chapter-One-23858.php

Daily Newspapers

California, USA

uk71

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/no-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India-home-ministry/431374-3.html

Daily Newspapers

India

uk56

http://www.stasiareport.com/the-big-story/asia-report/India/story /India-seeks-regulate-its-booming-%E2%80%9Crent-womb%E2%80%9D-industry-20131001

Daily Newspapers

Singapore

uk42

http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-26/world/40862935_1_surrogacy-surrogate-mother-poor-women

Daily Newspapers

District of Columbia, USA

uk74

http://www.utne.com/politics/surrogacy-as-medical-tourism-5435.aspx

Magazines

Kansans, USA

uk16

http://www.surrogateIndia.net/

Clinics & Doctors

Mumbai, India

uk57

http://www.dailylife.com.au/life-and-love/real-life/protecting-women-from-fertility-tourists-20130204-2dtwj.html

Magazines

Australia

uk77

http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2013/10/Indias-400-million-surrogacy-industry-considers-prohibiting-gay-clients/

Magazines

Pennsylvania, USA

uk58

http://www.pbs.org/program/made-India/

Daily Newspapers

Virginia, USA

uk78

http://www.trust.org/item/20131004162151-r5i0w/

Organizations

London, UK

uk59

http://www.news.com.au/national/Indian-surrogacy-tourism-curtailed-for-gay-couples-and-unmarried-parents /story-e6frfkp9-1226557135058 http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131103/news-current-affairs/article /tougher-%E2%80%98surrogate%E2%80%99-rules-may-hit-medical-tourism

uk60 uk75

http://www.imtj.com/news/?entryid82=303274

Daily Newspapers

Australia

uk22

http://oursurrogacy.wordpress.com/

Personal Experiences

California, USA

Daily Newspapers

India

uk43

http://metro.co.uk/2013/10/01/worlds-first-baby-factory-inside-Indias-home-for-surrogate-mothers-4130692/

Daily Newspapers

Magazines

uk44

http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/tourism/20130928 /abu-dhabi-couple-find-bundle-of-joy-at-Indias-gujarat-surrogacy-clinic

Daily Newspapers

India

http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/11/04/commercial-surrogacy-booms-India

uk82

http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2012/10/08/medethics-2012-100551.abstract

Magazines

uk45

Daily Newspapers

Australia

uk7

http://www.worldlawdirect.com/forum/medical-malpractice/76107-case-against-medical-tourism-operator-surrogacy.html

Other

Colorado, USA

uk27

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/229983/Surrogacy_guidance_PDF_version.pdf

Government

uk3

http://fertility.treatmentabroad.com/going-abroad-for-treatment/surrogacy-issues

Agencies

uk2

http://www.medicaltourismco.com/assisted-reproduction-fertility/low-cost-surrogacy-India.php

Agencies

Texas, USA

http://tribune.com.pk/story/620923/shahrukh-khan-and-surrogacy-in-India/

uk87

http://www2.carleton.ca/philosophy/ccms/wp-content/ccms-files/V.-Panitch-Feb.-3.12.pdf

University & Scientific Community

Canada

uk46

Daily Newspapers

California, USA

uk81

http://www.samawomenshealth.org/downloads/Birthing%20A%20Market.pdf

Organizations

India

uk58

http://www.pbs.org/program/made-India/

Daily Newspapers

USA

uk64

http://medical-abroad.blogspot.com/2012/03/surrogacy-tourism.html

agenzia

India

uk28

http://www.safetravel.govt.nz/children/Information%20Sheet%20-%20India.pdf

Government

New Zealand

uk47

http://www.theage.com.au/national/australians-flock-to-India-to-find-surrogate-mothers-20130913-2tqbx.html

Daily Newspapers

Australia

uk23

http://Indiansurrogacywithfred.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

District of Columbia, USA

uk72

http://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/parenting/India-to-get-one-stop-surrogacy-shop-1.1585906

Magazines

South Africa

uk76

http://www.eturbonews.com/16610/tourists-flocking-India-hire-surrogate-mothers

Magazines

New York, USA

uk70

http://globalivf.com/2013/01/27/surrogacy-process-in-one-of-Indias-clinics/

Magazines

Texas, USA

CORPUS

.Co.Uk | SURROGACY TOURISM

.Co.Uk | SURROGACY INDIA

Page

Category

Country

uk78

http://www.trust.org/item/20131004162151-r5i0w/

Organizations

Rank

Page

Category

Country

uk30

http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/03/world/asia/India-surrogate-mother-industry/

Daily Newspapers

USA

Rank

uk17

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_tourism

Encylopedia

global

uk10

http://surrogacyIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

UK/India

uk84

https://web.duke.edu/kenanethics/CaseStudies/BabyManji.pdf

University & Scientific Community

USA

uk31

http://www.businessinsider.com/India-surrogate-mother-industry-2013-9

Magazines

New York, USA

uk8

http://www.ijfab.org/blog/reproductive-tourism-in-India-is-surrogacy-ethical/

Organizations

New York, USA

uk32

http://www.sfchronicle.com/local/bayarea/item/India-surrogacy-Chapter-One-23858.php

Daily Newspapers

California, USA

uk79

http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/02/surrogacy-tourism-India-nayna-patel

Organizations

California, USA

uk18

http://www.wikihow.com/Decide-on-Surrogacy-in-India

Encylopedia

USA

uk61

http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2012/01 /reproductive_tourism_how_surrogacy_provider_planethospital_speeds_up_pregnancies_and_lowers_costs_.html

Daily Newspapers

USA

uk33

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/surrogacy-on-the-rise-in-north-India/article5309126.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

uk68

http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/features/womb-rent-surrogate-mothers-India

Magazines

New York, USA

uk34

http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/10/01/canadian-mother-hired-surrogate-at-controversial-baby-factory-in-India-bbc-documentary/

Daily Newspapers

Canada

uk1

http://www.medical-tourism-India.com/packages-details.php?p_id=30

Agencies

India

uk35

http://abcnews.go.com/Health/infertile-americans-India-gestational-surrogates/story?id=20808125

Daily Newspapers

New York, USA

uk2

http://www.medicaltourismco.com/assisted-reproduction-fertility/low-cost-surrogacy-India.php

Agencies

Texas, USA

uk19

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_surrogacy_in_India

Encylopedia

USA

uk48

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1376911 /Surrogacy-tourism-skyrockets-US-wealthy-international-couples-advantage-lax-American-laws.html

Daily Newspapers

uk36

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2439977 /The-baby-factory-In-huge-clinic-India-hundreds-women-paid-5-000-Western-couples-babies.html

Daily Newspapers

uk49

http://www.Indianexpress.com/news/govt-mouthpiece-bats-for-surrogacy-tourism/951861/0

Daily Newspapers

India

uk37

http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/2013/09/30/birth-in-Indias-surrogacy-capital/

Daily Newspapers

USA

uk50

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/30/India-surrogate-mothers-law

Daily Newspapers

uk21

http://ourjourneytosurrogacyinIndia.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

Canada

uk24

https://www.britishcouncil.org.in/debatingmattersIndia/sites/default/files/topics/2013 /Fertility_Tourism_DMITopicguide2011FINAL.doc

Organizations

uk20

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy

Encylopedia

USA

uk73

http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2010/07/31/India-to-regulate-surrogacy-tourism/UPI-60591280612390/

Magazines

USA

uk38

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24275373

Daily Newspapers

uk85

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hypa.12005/pdf

University & Scientific Community

USA

uk39

http://articles.timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/2013-10-30/India/43526104_1_surrogacy-tourist-visa-medical-visa

Daily Newspapers

India

uk51

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/world/asia/05iht-letter05.html

Daily Newspapers

Ney York, USA

uk40

http://www.sfgate.com/local/bayarea/item/India-surrogacy-Chapter-One-23858.php

Daily Newspapers

California, USA

uk63

http://tigerbeatdown.com/2012/06/11/let-us-colonise-your-wombs-surrogacy-in-India/

Activists

USA

uk65

http://surrogacyIndias.blogspot.com/

Magazines

California, USA

uk29

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22156300

Government

Maryland, USA

uk11

http://www.delhi-ivf.com/surogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk52

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/India/9811222/India-bans-gay-foreign-couples-from-surrogacy.html

Daily Newspapers

uk12

http://surrogacycentreIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk80

http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/blog/post/No-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India.aspx

Organizations

Massachusetts, USA

uk13

http://www.surrogacyservices.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk69

http://www.fertilityauthority.com/treatment/surrogacy/surrogacy-tourism

agenzia

New York, USA

uk41

http://www.npr.org/2013/11/05/243213647/author-says-surrogacy-is-ancient

Magazines

Virginia, USA

uk66

http://www.mymedholiday.com/blog/2013/09/720/will-new-restrictions-on-commercial-surrogacy-effect-fertility-tourism-in-India/

Magazines

California

uk14

http://www.surrogacyservices.net/why-surrogacy-services-India.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk86

http://lurepository.lakeheadu.ca:8080/handle/2453/431

University & Scientific Community

Canada

uk68

http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/features/womb-rent-surrogate-mothers-India

Magazines

New York, USA

uk53

http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/gaps-in-surrogacy-bill/article5276062.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

uk25

http://boi.gov.in/content/surrogacy

Government

India

uk54

http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/tourism/20130928 /abu-dhabi-couple-find-bundle-of-joy-at-Indias-gujarat-surrogacy-clinic#full

Daily Newspapers

United Arab Emirates

uk26

http://www.India.embassy.gov.au/ndli/vm_surrogacy.html

Government

Australia

uk9

http://www.joychenputhukulam.com/newsMore.php?newsId=33302

Clinics & Doctors

Illinois, USA

uk15

http://www.newlifeIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

uk5

https://twitter.com/mandyvandeven/status/388437595363229698

Other

global

uk83

http://www.stanford.edu/group/womenscourage/Surrogacy/

University & Scientific Community

California, USA

uk6

https://twitter.com/trustlawconnect/status/386177331456671744

Other

global

uk4

http://www.globaldoctoroptions.com/

Agencies

Nevada, USA

uk55

http://timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/topic/surrogacy

Daily Newspapers

India

uk67

http://www.bionews.org.uk/page_359997.asp

Magazines

uk32

http://www.sfchronicle.com/local/bayarea/item/India-surrogacy-Chapter-One-23858.php

Daily Newspapers

California, USA

uk71

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/no-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India-home-ministry/431374-3.html

Daily Newspapers

India

uk56

http://www.stasiareport.com/the-big-story/asia-report/India/story /India-seeks-regulate-its-booming-%E2%80%9Crent-womb%E2%80%9D-industry-20131001

Daily Newspapers

Singapore

uk42

http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-26/world/40862935_1_surrogacy-surrogate-mother-poor-women

Daily Newspapers

District of Columbia, USA

uk74

http://www.utne.com/politics/surrogacy-as-medical-tourism-5435.aspx

Magazines

Kansans, USA

uk16

http://www.surrogateIndia.net/

Clinics & Doctors

Mumbai, India

uk57

http://www.dailylife.com.au/life-and-love/real-life/protecting-women-from-fertility-tourists-20130204-2dtwj.html

Magazines

Australia

uk77

http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2013/10/Indias-400-million-surrogacy-industry-considers-prohibiting-gay-clients/

Magazines

Pennsylvania, USA

uk58

http://www.pbs.org/program/made-India/

Daily Newspapers

Virginia, USA

uk78

http://www.trust.org/item/20131004162151-r5i0w/

Organizations

London, UK

uk59

uk60 uk75

http://www.imtj.com/news/?entryid82=303274

Daily Newspapers

Australia

uk22

http://oursurrogacy.wordpress.com/

Personal Experiences

California, USA

Daily Newspapers

India

uk43

http://metro.co.uk/2013/10/01/worlds-first-baby-factory-inside-Indias-home-for-surrogate-mothers-4130692/

Daily Newspapers

Magazines

uk44

http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/tourism/20130928 /abu-dhabi-couple-find-bundle-of-joy-at-Indias-gujarat-surrogacy-clinic

Daily Newspapers

India

http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/11/04/commercial-surrogacy-booms-India

uk82

http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2012/10/08/medethics-2012-100551.abstract

Magazines

uk45

Daily Newspapers

Australia

uk7

http://www.worldlawdirect.com/forum/medical-malpractice/76107-case-against-medical-tourism-operator-surrogacy.html

Other

Colorado, USA

uk27

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/229983/Surrogacy_guidance_PDF_version.pdf

Government

uk3

http://fertility.treatmentabroad.com/going-abroad-for-treatment/surrogacy-issues

Agencies

uk2

http://www.medicaltourismco.com/assisted-reproduction-fertility/low-cost-surrogacy-India.php

Agencies

Texas, USA

http://tribune.com.pk/story/620923/shahrukh-khan-and-surrogacy-in-India/

uk87

http://www2.carleton.ca/philosophy/ccms/wp-content/ccms-files/V.-Panitch-Feb.-3.12.pdf

University & Scientific Community

Canada

uk46

Daily Newspapers

California, USA

uk81

http://www.samawomenshealth.org/downloads/Birthing%20A%20Market.pdf

Organizations

India

uk58

http://www.pbs.org/program/made-India/

Daily Newspapers

USA

uk64

http://medical-abroad.blogspot.com/2012/03/surrogacy-tourism.html

agenzia

India

uk28

http://www.safetravel.govt.nz/children/Information%20Sheet%20-%20India.pdf

Government

New Zealand

uk47

http://www.theage.com.au/national/australians-flock-to-India-to-find-surrogate-mothers-20130913-2tqbx.html

Daily Newspapers

Australia

uk23

http://Indiansurrogacywithfred.blogspot.com/

Personal Experiences

District of Columbia, USA

uk72

http://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/parenting/India-to-get-one-stop-surrogacy-shop-1.1585906

Magazines

South Africa

uk76

http://www.eturbonews.com/16610/tourists-flocking-India-hire-surrogate-mothers

Magazines

New York, USA

uk70

http://globalivf.com/2013/01/27/surrogacy-process-in-one-of-Indias-clinics/

Magazines

Texas, USA

CORPUS

.It | MaternitĂ surrogata turismo

Page

.It | MaternitĂ Surrogata India

Country

Rank

Category

Country

it45

http://it.paperblog.com/un-viaggio-ad-anand-in-India-chiamata-la-culla-del-mondo -dove-centinaia-di-coppie-dall-estero-affittano-una-madre-surrogata-con-la-speranza-di-avere-un-figlio-21534/

Magazines

France

it46

http://www.avvenire.it

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it14

http://www.avvenire.it/Vita/Pagine/Indiamadrisurrogate.aspx

Daily Newspapers

Italia

Magazines

Italia

it47

http://www.oneofus.eu/it/indagine-sulla-maternita-surrogata-in-India-rivela-abusi-scioccanti/

Activists

Italia

http://www.iarc-italy.com/index.php/pdf/faq-sui-programmi-di-maternita-surrogata.pdf

Agencies

Italia/USA

it48

http://www.eidonpress.com/shoot/show/id/36544

Magazines

Italia

http://www.quotidianosanita.it/studi-e-analisi/articolo.php?articolo_id=8170

Magazines

Italia

it49

http://www.prolifenews.it/notizie-dal-mondo/India-lorrore-della-maternita-surrogata/

Activists

Italia

it7

http://www.quotidianosanita.it/allegati/allegato5590482.pdf

Magazines

Italia

it50

http://blog.libero.it/BioTexCom/12457110.html

Clinics & Doctors

Ucraina

it8

http://rassegnastampa.cittadinanzattiva.it/131115/29jn5p.pdf

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it51

http://uteroinaffitto.com/maternita-surrogata-cose/

Clinics & Doctors

Ucraina

it9

http://tv.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2013/11/05/etica-roccella-pd-no-allutero-in-affitto-di-mamma-ce-ne-sola/252221/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it32

http://www.ilfoglio.it/soloqui/19205

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it46

http://www.avvenire.it

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it52

http://www.maternitasurrogata.info/maternita-surrogata-dove

Magazines

Italia

it10

http://www.avvenire.it/Vita/Pagine/India-madri-surrogate-tra-regole-e-business.aspx

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it53

http://www.maternitasurrogata.info/paesi-in-cui-la-maternita-assistita-e-permessa

Magazines

Italia

it11

http://uteroinaffitto.com/fecondazione-assistita-allestero/

Agencies

Washington, USA

it54

http://www.novaeterrae.eu/fondazione-novae-terrae/Italian-news/in-India-si-fa-strada-la-doppia-maternita-surrogata.html

Activists

Italia

it12

http://www.mammedomani.it/pma/articoli/3101-turismo-riproduttivo-dalla-russia-alla-svizzera.html

Magazines

Italia

it55

http://www.iniziativalaica.it/?p=17780

Activists

Italia

it13

http://www.studiocataldi.it/news_giuridiche_asp/news_giuridica_11416.asp

Magazines

Italia

it56

http://www.marinacastellaneta.it/tag/maternita-surrogata

University & Scientific Community

Italia

it14

http://www.avvenire.it/Vita/Pagine/Indiamadrisurrogate.aspx

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it57

http://www.tempi.it/ora-sara-piu-difficile-per-gli-occidentali-schiavizzare-le-Indiane-e-trasformarle-in-madri-surrogate

Magazines

Italia

it73

http://www.liquida.it/madre-surrogata/

Magazines

Italia

it58

http://infertilita.forumfree.it/?t=48254300

Magazines

Italia

it1

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it2

http://www.dolceattesa.rcs.it/2012/04/turismo-procreativo-4000-coppie-in-fuga-per-fare-un-figlio/

Magazines

Italia

it3

http://www.lanuovabq.it/it/articoli-maternit-surrogata-il-mercato-tra-Italia-e-ucraina-6925.htm

Magazines

it4

http://www.associazionelatorre.com/2013/11/fecondazione-no-a-utero-in-affitto-firme-contro-il-turismo-riproduttivo/

it5 it6

Rank

Page

Category

http://www.lastampa.it/2013/11/15/Italia/cronache/maternit-surrogata-un-sogno-all-inclusive-da-mila-euroItXgZ3utYtp1aybe1St6eN/pagina.html

it15

http://www.ingenere.it/vignette/maternit-surrogata-0

Magazines

Italia

it1

http://www.lastampa.it/2013/11/15/Italia/cronache /maternit-surrogata-un-sogno-all-inclusive-da-mila-euro-ItXgZ3utYtp1aybe1St6eN/pagina.html

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it16

http://qn.quotidiano.net/salute/2012/03/28/688254-migliaia-coppie-estero-per-fecondazione.shtml

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it59

http://www.lanuovabq.it/it/articoli-India-la-schiavitu-della-maternita-surrogata-6950.htm

Magazines

Italia

it17

http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2013/11/15/news/nato_con_utero_in_affitto_tolto_a_genitori-71044183/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it60

http://www.stradaperunsogno.com/t20061-maternita-surrogata-in-India-qualcuno-ne-sa-qualcosa

Personal Experiences

Italia

it18

http://blog.chatta.it/delia_selly/post/turismo-procreativo-o-alla-ricerca-dell-utero-in-affitto.aspx

Other

Italia

it61

http://viasolferino.eu/ultimora/la-maternita-surrogata-in-India/

Magazines

Italia

it19

http://www.paginemamma.it/it/572/concepimento/speciale-concepimento /detail_177840_fecondazione-assistita-allestero.aspx?c1=39&c3=8483

Magazines

Italia

it31

http://www.vogliadisalute.it/articolo-utero-in-affitto-unavventura-lunga-e-rischiosa-3153.html

Magazines

Italia

it20

http://247.libero.it/focus/21439266/22956/ufficiale-borussia-dortmund-il-gioiello-g-tze-rinnova-sino-al-2016/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it62

http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2013/09/30/foto/India_madri_in_affitto-67584666/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it21

http://uteroinaffitto.org/stati/affittasi.html

Clinics & Doctors

it38

http://www.famigliacristiana.it/articolo/uteri-in-affitto-l-India-e-la-nuova-mecca.aspx

Magazines

Italia

it22

http://6donna.com/articoli/in-poche-parole/194/turismo-procreativo/

Magazines

Italia

it63

http://reazionecattolica.wordpress.com/2013/08/06/francia-si-legalizzera-la-maternita-surrogata-per-i-gay/

Activists

Italia

it23

http://www.vitadidonna.it/gravidanza/maternita/riconoscimento-in-Italia-di-maternita-surrogata-valida-all-estero.html

Magazines

Italia

it64

http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130115072331AATz8fs

Other

global

it24

http://www.fertilitycrete.it/trattamenti-dinfertilita/surrogazione-di-maternita-o-maternita-su-commissione

Clinics & Doctors

Grecia

it65

http://www.donnacharme.com/India-nuova-patria-per-la-maternita-surrogata/

Magazines

Italia

it1

http://www.lastampa.it/2013/11/15/Italia/cronache/ maternit-surrogata-un-sogno-all-inclusive-da-mila-euro-ItXgZ3utYtp1aybe1St6eN/pagina.html

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it66

http://www.gay.it/channel/attualita/27343/Se-la-maternita-surrogata-puo-dare-un-figlio-alle-coppie-gay.html

Magazines

Italia

it25

http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2004/maggio/11/Fecondazione_nasce_turismo_delle_provette_co_9_040511016.shtml

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it67

http://www.oasidellemamme.it/2013/02/madri-surrogate-Indiane-un-business-al-limite-della-legalita/

Magazines

Italia

http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/interni/tolto-figlio-coppia-affitt-utero-mail-967468.html

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it68

http://www.vita.it/mondo/fecondazione-India-nuova-meta-per-gli-uteri-in-affitto.html

Magazines

Italia

it27

http://frontierenews.it/2012/04/usa-e-India-mete-del-turismo-procreativo-specializzate-in-fecondazione-assistita/

Magazines

Italia

it69

http://terzotriennio.blogspot.com/2013/08/India-madri-surrogate-tra-regole-e.html

Magazines

Italia

it28

http://centrogenesi.com/turismo-procreativouna-piaga-tutta-Italiana/

Clinics & Doctors

Italia

it70

http://francolisi.wordpress.com/2013/06/13/453/

Clinics & Doctors

Italia

it26

http://www.cercounbimbo.net/index.php?pid=261

Other

Italia

it71

http://www.signoraggio.it/maternita-surrogata-il-mercato-tra-Italia-e-ucraina-i-metodi-malati-per-avere-un-figlio/

Magazines

Italia

it30

http://www.intopic.it/notizia/5663126/

Magazines

Italia

it72

http://www.uccronline.it/2013/02/19/madri-Indiane-surrogate-una-storia-di-schiavismo-post-moderno/

Activists

Italia

it31

http://www.vogliadisalute.it/articolo-utero-in-affitto-unavventura-lunga-e-rischiosa-3153.html

Magazines

Italia

it73

http://www.liquida.it/madre-surrogata/

Other

Italia

it29

http://www.ilfoglio.it/soloqui/19205

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it74

http://www.aleteia.org/it/salute/news/maternita-surrogata-un-comitato-per-le-ragioni-del-no-10294006

Activists

Italia

it33

http://www.staibene.it/salute/articoli/single_news/article/utero_in_affitto_le_coppie_vanno_allestero/

Magazines

Italia

it75

http://www.mamme24.it/maternita-surrogata-2_594

Magazines

Italia

it34

http://www.bulgariaoggi.com/it/20111026789/Politica/Legislazione /La-maternit%C3%A0-surrogata-in-Bulgaria-sar%C3%A0-gratuita.html

Magazines

Italia

it76

http://www.unItalianoinIndia.com/2012/05/madri-surrogate-del-secondo-mondo.html

Other

Italia

it32

http://www.adnkronos.com/Salute/Sanita/?id=3.2.428373501

Magazines

Italia

it77

http://www.pinkdna.it/la-fabbrica-di-bambini-in-India-centinaia-di-donne-pagate-per-essere-madri-surrogate/

Magazines

Italia

it36

http://legge40toccala.blogspot.com/2010_01_01_archive.html

Other

Italia

it78

http://www.gaywave.it/articolo/fecondazione-assistita-in-India-negata-alle-coppie-gay/28571/

Magazines

itlia

it37

http://infertilita.forumfree.it/?t=61022282

Magazines

Italia

it79

http://www.internazionale.it/portfolio/madri-per-gli-altri/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

#N/D

http://www.ondaosservatorio.it/elementipagine/29/it/articoli-divulgativi/2431 /fecondazione-4000-coppie-in-fuga-e-una-volta-su-due-senza-moti

Organizations

Italia

it80

http://www.mondialisti.net/mediaworld/2013/2013-07-27-mercato-affitto-utero-in-India-nuova-schiavitu-(Tiliacos-Foglio).pdf

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it38

http://www.famigliacristiana.it/articolo/uteri-in-affitto-l-India-e-la-nuova-mecca.aspx

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it81

http://www.familiam.org/pls/pcpf/v3_s2ew_consultazione.mostra_paginawap?id_pagina=5209&attiva_menu=0&nohtml=0

Organizations

Italia

it39

http://www.newsit24.com/notizie/maternita-surrogata-un-sogno-all-inclusive-30-mila-euro/correlate

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it82

http://unacasasullaroccia.wordpress.com/2013/08/07/India-la-nuova-schiavitu-delle-gravidanze-in-affitto/

Activists

Italia

it35

it40 it41

http://pensaallasalute.blogspot.com/2013/11/quanto-costa-un-utero-in-affitto-per.html

Other

http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/1035425/Uteri-in-affitto-sul-web-a-20mila-euro---I-pm-indagano-le-madri-a-ogni-costo-.html

Daily Newspapers

it42

http://forum.russurrogate.com/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=55

it43

http://www.pianetamamma.it/rimanere-incinta/fertilita-ed-infertilita /fecondazione-assistita-impossibile-in-Italia-tutti-vanno-all-estero.html

Magazines

http://www.massacritica.eu/bambini-in-saldo-nelle-fabbriche-delle-madri-surrogate/6172/

Magazines

it44

Agencies

Italia

it83

http://www.il-blog-della-fertilita.com/2013/09/

Clinics & Doctors

Spain

Italia

it84

http://culturariproduttiva.wordpress.com/2009/02/17/India-il-boom-della-maternita-con-utero-in-affitto/

University & Scientific Community

Italia

it85

http://ip155.ittmazzotti.it/sites/spazio/religione/Documenti%20condivisi/Concorso%20Movimento%20per%20la%20vita%202013/ Maternit%C3%A0%20surrogata%20-%20mamme%20in%20affitto.doc

Government

Italia

it86

http://bibliotecaneval.altervista.org/arriva-anche-la-maternita-surrogata/

Activists

Italia

it87

http://vivalamamma.tgcom24.it/wpmu/2011/01/la-madre-surrogata/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

CORPUS

.It | MaternitĂ surrogata turismo

Page

.It | MaternitĂ Surrogata India

Country

Rank

Category

Country

it45

http://it.paperblog.com/un-viaggio-ad-anand-in-India-chiamata-la-culla-del-mondo -dove-centinaia-di-coppie-dall-estero-affittano-una-madre-surrogata-con-la-speranza-di-avere-un-figlio-21534/

Magazines

France

it46

http://www.avvenire.it

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it14

http://www.avvenire.it/Vita/Pagine/Indiamadrisurrogate.aspx

Daily Newspapers

Italia

Magazines

Italia

it47

http://www.oneofus.eu/it/indagine-sulla-maternita-surrogata-in-India-rivela-abusi-scioccanti/

Activists

Italia

http://www.iarc-italy.com/index.php/pdf/faq-sui-programmi-di-maternita-surrogata.pdf

Agencies

Italia/USA

it48

http://www.eidonpress.com/shoot/show/id/36544

Magazines

Italia

http://www.quotidianosanita.it/studi-e-analisi/articolo.php?articolo_id=8170

Magazines

Italia

it49

http://www.prolifenews.it/notizie-dal-mondo/India-lorrore-della-maternita-surrogata/

Activists

Italia

it7

http://www.quotidianosanita.it/allegati/allegato5590482.pdf

Magazines

Italia

it50

http://blog.libero.it/BioTexCom/12457110.html

Clinics & Doctors

Ucraina

it8

http://rassegnastampa.cittadinanzattiva.it/131115/29jn5p.pdf

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it51

http://uteroinaffitto.com/maternita-surrogata-cose/

Clinics & Doctors

Ucraina

it9

http://tv.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2013/11/05/etica-roccella-pd-no-allutero-in-affitto-di-mamma-ce-ne-sola/252221/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it32

http://www.ilfoglio.it/soloqui/19205

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it46

http://www.avvenire.it

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it52

http://www.maternitasurrogata.info/maternita-surrogata-dove

Magazines

Italia

it10

http://www.avvenire.it/Vita/Pagine/India-madri-surrogate-tra-regole-e-business.aspx

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it53

http://www.maternitasurrogata.info/paesi-in-cui-la-maternita-assistita-e-permessa

Magazines

Italia

it11

http://uteroinaffitto.com/fecondazione-assistita-allestero/

Agencies

Washington, USA

it54

http://www.novaeterrae.eu/fondazione-novae-terrae/Italian-news/in-India-si-fa-strada-la-doppia-maternita-surrogata.html

Activists

Italia

it12

http://www.mammedomani.it/pma/articoli/3101-turismo-riproduttivo-dalla-russia-alla-svizzera.html

Magazines

Italia

it55

http://www.iniziativalaica.it/?p=17780

Activists

Italia

it13

http://www.studiocataldi.it/news_giuridiche_asp/news_giuridica_11416.asp

Magazines

Italia

it56

http://www.marinacastellaneta.it/tag/maternita-surrogata

University & Scientific Community

Italia

it14

http://www.avvenire.it/Vita/Pagine/Indiamadrisurrogate.aspx

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it57

http://www.tempi.it/ora-sara-piu-difficile-per-gli-occidentali-schiavizzare-le-Indiane-e-trasformarle-in-madri-surrogate

Magazines

Italia

it73

http://www.liquida.it/madre-surrogata/

Magazines

Italia

it58

http://infertilita.forumfree.it/?t=48254300

Magazines

Italia

it1

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it2

http://www.dolceattesa.rcs.it/2012/04/turismo-procreativo-4000-coppie-in-fuga-per-fare-un-figlio/

Magazines

Italia

it3

http://www.lanuovabq.it/it/articoli-maternit-surrogata-il-mercato-tra-Italia-e-ucraina-6925.htm

Magazines

it4

http://www.associazionelatorre.com/2013/11/fecondazione-no-a-utero-in-affitto-firme-contro-il-turismo-riproduttivo/

it5 it6

Rank

Page

Category

http://www.lastampa.it/2013/11/15/Italia/cronache/maternit-surrogata-un-sogno-all-inclusive-da-mila-euroItXgZ3utYtp1aybe1St6eN/pagina.html

it15

http://www.ingenere.it/vignette/maternit-surrogata-0

Magazines

Italia

it1

http://www.lastampa.it/2013/11/15/Italia/cronache /maternit-surrogata-un-sogno-all-inclusive-da-mila-euro-ItXgZ3utYtp1aybe1St6eN/pagina.html

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it16

http://qn.quotidiano.net/salute/2012/03/28/688254-migliaia-coppie-estero-per-fecondazione.shtml

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it59

http://www.lanuovabq.it/it/articoli-India-la-schiavitu-della-maternita-surrogata-6950.htm

Magazines

Italia

it17

http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2013/11/15/news/nato_con_utero_in_affitto_tolto_a_genitori-71044183/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it60

http://www.stradaperunsogno.com/t20061-maternita-surrogata-in-India-qualcuno-ne-sa-qualcosa

Personal Experiences

Italia

it18

http://blog.chatta.it/delia_selly/post/turismo-procreativo-o-alla-ricerca-dell-utero-in-affitto.aspx

Other

Italia

it61

http://viasolferino.eu/ultimora/la-maternita-surrogata-in-India/

Magazines

Italia

it19

http://www.paginemamma.it/it/572/concepimento/speciale-concepimento /detail_177840_fecondazione-assistita-allestero.aspx?c1=39&c3=8483

Magazines

Italia

it31

http://www.vogliadisalute.it/articolo-utero-in-affitto-unavventura-lunga-e-rischiosa-3153.html

Magazines

Italia

it20

http://247.libero.it/focus/21439266/22956/ufficiale-borussia-dortmund-il-gioiello-g-tze-rinnova-sino-al-2016/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it62

http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2013/09/30/foto/India_madri_in_affitto-67584666/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it21

http://uteroinaffitto.org/stati/affittasi.html

Clinics & Doctors

it38

http://www.famigliacristiana.it/articolo/uteri-in-affitto-l-India-e-la-nuova-mecca.aspx

Magazines

Italia

it22

http://6donna.com/articoli/in-poche-parole/194/turismo-procreativo/

Magazines

Italia

it63

http://reazionecattolica.wordpress.com/2013/08/06/francia-si-legalizzera-la-maternita-surrogata-per-i-gay/

Activists

Italia

it23

http://www.vitadidonna.it/gravidanza/maternita/riconoscimento-in-Italia-di-maternita-surrogata-valida-all-estero.html

Magazines

Italia

it64

http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130115072331AATz8fs

Other

global

it24

http://www.fertilitycrete.it/trattamenti-dinfertilita/surrogazione-di-maternita-o-maternita-su-commissione

Clinics & Doctors

Grecia

it65

http://www.donnacharme.com/India-nuova-patria-per-la-maternita-surrogata/

Magazines

Italia

it1

http://www.lastampa.it/2013/11/15/Italia/cronache/ maternit-surrogata-un-sogno-all-inclusive-da-mila-euro-ItXgZ3utYtp1aybe1St6eN/pagina.html

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it66

http://www.gay.it/channel/attualita/27343/Se-la-maternita-surrogata-puo-dare-un-figlio-alle-coppie-gay.html

Magazines

Italia

it25

http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2004/maggio/11/Fecondazione_nasce_turismo_delle_provette_co_9_040511016.shtml

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it67

http://www.oasidellemamme.it/2013/02/madri-surrogate-Indiane-un-business-al-limite-della-legalita/

Magazines

Italia

http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/interni/tolto-figlio-coppia-affitt-utero-mail-967468.html

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it68

http://www.vita.it/mondo/fecondazione-India-nuova-meta-per-gli-uteri-in-affitto.html

Magazines

Italia

it27

http://frontierenews.it/2012/04/usa-e-India-mete-del-turismo-procreativo-specializzate-in-fecondazione-assistita/

Magazines

Italia

it69

http://terzotriennio.blogspot.com/2013/08/India-madri-surrogate-tra-regole-e.html

Magazines

Italia

it28

http://centrogenesi.com/turismo-procreativouna-piaga-tutta-Italiana/

Clinics & Doctors

Italia

it70

http://francolisi.wordpress.com/2013/06/13/453/

Clinics & Doctors

Italia

it26

http://www.cercounbimbo.net/index.php?pid=261

Other

Italia

it71

http://www.signoraggio.it/maternita-surrogata-il-mercato-tra-Italia-e-ucraina-i-metodi-malati-per-avere-un-figlio/

Magazines

Italia

it30

http://www.intopic.it/notizia/5663126/

Magazines

Italia

it72

http://www.uccronline.it/2013/02/19/madri-Indiane-surrogate-una-storia-di-schiavismo-post-moderno/

Activists

Italia

it31

http://www.vogliadisalute.it/articolo-utero-in-affitto-unavventura-lunga-e-rischiosa-3153.html

Magazines

Italia

it73

http://www.liquida.it/madre-surrogata/

Other

Italia

it29

http://www.ilfoglio.it/soloqui/19205

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it74

http://www.aleteia.org/it/salute/news/maternita-surrogata-un-comitato-per-le-ragioni-del-no-10294006

Activists

Italia

it33

http://www.staibene.it/salute/articoli/single_news/article/utero_in_affitto_le_coppie_vanno_allestero/

Magazines

Italia

it75

http://www.mamme24.it/maternita-surrogata-2_594

Magazines

Italia

it34

http://www.bulgariaoggi.com/it/20111026789/Politica/Legislazione /La-maternit%C3%A0-surrogata-in-Bulgaria-sar%C3%A0-gratuita.html

Magazines

Italia

it76

http://www.unItalianoinIndia.com/2012/05/madri-surrogate-del-secondo-mondo.html

Other

Italia

it32

http://www.adnkronos.com/Salute/Sanita/?id=3.2.428373501

Magazines

Italia

it77

http://www.pinkdna.it/la-fabbrica-di-bambini-in-India-centinaia-di-donne-pagate-per-essere-madri-surrogate/

Magazines

Italia

it36

http://legge40toccala.blogspot.com/2010_01_01_archive.html

Other

Italia

it78

http://www.gaywave.it/articolo/fecondazione-assistita-in-India-negata-alle-coppie-gay/28571/

Magazines

itlia

it37

http://infertilita.forumfree.it/?t=61022282

Magazines

Italia

it79

http://www.internazionale.it/portfolio/madri-per-gli-altri/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

#N/D

http://www.ondaosservatorio.it/elementipagine/29/it/articoli-divulgativi/2431 /fecondazione-4000-coppie-in-fuga-e-una-volta-su-due-senza-moti

Organizations

Italia

it80

http://www.mondialisti.net/mediaworld/2013/2013-07-27-mercato-affitto-utero-in-India-nuova-schiavitu-(Tiliacos-Foglio).pdf

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it38

http://www.famigliacristiana.it/articolo/uteri-in-affitto-l-India-e-la-nuova-mecca.aspx

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it81

http://www.familiam.org/pls/pcpf/v3_s2ew_consultazione.mostra_paginawap?id_pagina=5209&attiva_menu=0&nohtml=0

Organizations

Italia

it39

http://www.newsit24.com/notizie/maternita-surrogata-un-sogno-all-inclusive-30-mila-euro/correlate

Daily Newspapers

Italia

it82

http://unacasasullaroccia.wordpress.com/2013/08/07/India-la-nuova-schiavitu-delle-gravidanze-in-affitto/

Activists

Italia

it35

it40 it41

http://pensaallasalute.blogspot.com/2013/11/quanto-costa-un-utero-in-affitto-per.html

Other

http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/1035425/Uteri-in-affitto-sul-web-a-20mila-euro---I-pm-indagano-le-madri-a-ogni-costo-.html

Daily Newspapers

it42

http://forum.russurrogate.com/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=55

it43

http://www.pianetamamma.it/rimanere-incinta/fertilita-ed-infertilita /fecondazione-assistita-impossibile-in-Italia-tutti-vanno-all-estero.html

Magazines

http://www.massacritica.eu/bambini-in-saldo-nelle-fabbriche-delle-madri-surrogate/6172/

Magazines

it44

Agencies

Italia

it83

http://www.il-blog-della-fertilita.com/2013/09/

Clinics & Doctors

Spain

Italia

it84

http://culturariproduttiva.wordpress.com/2009/02/17/India-il-boom-della-maternita-con-utero-in-affitto/

University & Scientific Community

Italia

it85

http://ip155.ittmazzotti.it/sites/spazio/religione/Documenti%20condivisi/Concorso%20Movimento%20per%20la%20vita%202013/ Maternit%C3%A0%20surrogata%20-%20mamme%20in%20affitto.doc

Government

Italia

it86

http://bibliotecaneval.altervista.org/arriva-anche-la-maternita-surrogata/

Activists

Italia

it87

http://vivalamamma.tgcom24.it/wpmu/2011/01/la-madre-surrogata/

Daily Newspapers

Italia

CORPUS

.Co.In | SURROGACY INDIA

.Co.In | SURROGACY TOURISM

Rank

Category

Country

in13

http://surrogacyIndia.com/

Agencies

India

in51

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/surrogacy-on-the-rise-in-north-India/article5309126.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

in52

http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/ministries-consulted-on-assisted-reproductive-technology-bill/article5380425.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

in53

http://articles.timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/2013-10-30/India/43526104_1_surrogacy-tourist-visa-medical-visa

Daily Newspapers

India

in47

http://boi.gov.in/content/surrogacy

Government

India

in25

http://www.delhi-ivf.com/surogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in26

http://surrogacycentreIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

UK/India

in27

http://www.surrogateIndia.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

Colorado, USA

in54

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/no-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India-home-ministry/431374-3.html

Daily Newspapers

India

in46

http://www.globaldoctoroptions.com/surrogacy-in-India-guide

Agencies

India

Arizona, USA

in28

http://www.surrogacyservices.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

Arizona, USA

in48

http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/medical_visas_surrogacy.html

Government

USA

Arizona, USA

in49

http://newdelhi.usembassy.gov/service/reporting-births-and-citizenship-questions/surrogacy-a.r.t.-and-dna-testing

Government

USA

Las Vegas, USA

in29

http://www.newlifeIndia.com/Surrogacy

Clinics & Doctors

India

USA

in30

http://www.newlifeIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

Mumbai, India

in55

http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/newdelhi /court-rejects-plea-to-choose-sex-of-kids-through-surrogacy/article1-1147224.aspx

Daily Newspapers

India

global

in56

http://newIndianexpress.com/states/kerala/Kerala-shrugs-off-surrogacy-stigma/2013/11/10/article1882417.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

in57

http://www.livemint.com/Politics/PO2th3aLwrclVEhFWQ7g1L/Foreigners-seeking-surrogate-mothers-wont-be-allowed-on-tou.html

Daily Newspapers

India

USA

in58

http://www.telegraphIndia.com/1131031/jsp/nation/story_17514940.jsp

Daily Newspapers

India

in59

http://www.ndtv.com/topic/surrogacy-India

Daily Newspapers

India

in60

http://www.Indianexpress.com/news/no-surrogacy-for-foreigners-tough-new-rules-planned/1152699/

Daily Newspapers

India

Mumbai, India

in69

http://healthcare.financialexpress.com/market-section/2139-surrogacy-in-India-shedding-its-secrecy

Daily Newspapers

India

in31

http://www.idealfertility.com/surrogacy-India.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in61

http://Indiatoday.intoday.in/story/surrogacy-commissioning-tourist-visa-India/1/320911.html

Daily Newspapers

India

in62

http://in.reuters.com/news/pictures/slideshow?articleId=INRTR3FFQS

Daily Newspapers

Colorado, USA

India

in32

http://www.surrogacyIndia.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

http://www.globalsurrogacyIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

Category

Country

in9

http://www.medical-tourism-India.com/packages-details.php?p_id=30

Agencies

India

in10

https://www.britishcouncil.org.in/debatingmattersIndia/sites/default/files/topics/2013 /Fertility_Tourism_DMITopicguide2011FINAL.doc

Organizations

India

in11

http://articles.timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/2013-01-23/hyderabad/36504785_1_surrogacy-samit-sekhar-reproductive-tourism

Daily Newspapers

India

in12

http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/gaps-in-surrogacy-bill/article5276062.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

in13

http://www.Indianexpress.com/news/govt-mouthpiece-bats-for-surrogacy-tourism/951861/

Daily Newspapers

India

in14

http://www.nature.com/nIndia/2012/120326/full/nIndia.2012.41.html

Magazines

in15

http://www.samawomenshealth.org/downloads/Birthing%20A%20Market.pdf

Organizations

in16

http://www.asianage.com/India/allow-surrogacy-all-ministry-098

Daily Newspapers

in17

http://in.reuters.com/news/pictures/slideshow?articleId=INRTR3FFQS

Daily Newspapers

in18

http://www.ndtv.com/article/India/India-bars-foreign-gay-couples-singles-from-surrogacy-319388

Daily Newspapers

in19

http://www.surrogacyclinics.com/

Agencies

in20

http://www.surrogacyclinics.com/tag/surrogacy-tourism-India/

Agencies

in21

http://www.surrogacyclinics.com/tag/surrogacy-tourism-gujarat-India/

Agencies

in3

http://www.globaldoctoroptions.com/reproductive-tourism-rob-and-gregs-pursuit-of-surrogacy/973

Agencies

in45

http://www.theweekendleader.com/Culture/1389/Wombs-on-rent.html

Daily Newspapers

in4

http://healthcare.financialexpress.com/market-section/2139-surrogacy-in-India-shedding-its-secrecy

Daily Newspapers

in89

http://in.linkedin.com/pub/surrogacy-surrogacy-north-India/62/b1b/802/ja

Clinics & Doctors

in44

http://surrogacyIndia.com/

Agencies

in23

http://goarticles.com/article/Surrogacy-in-India-Boon-for-Medical-Tourism/7901112/

aggregatore di notizie

in83

http://www.isca.in/IJSS/Archive/v2/i10/4.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-124.pdf

Organizations

in64

http://blog.Indiansurrogacylaw.com/tag/reproductive-tourism/

Agencies

in65

http://surrogacymumbai.wordpress.com/same-sex-couple-surrogacy-surrogacy-for-gay-couples/

Clinics & Doctors

in66

http://www.medicalIndiatourism.com/infertility-treatment/surrogacy-in-India.html

Agencies

in67

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/s-murlidharan/surrogacy-law-or-miscarriage-of-justice/article3353133.ece

Daily Newspapers

in62

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131103/news-current-affairs/article /tougher-%E2%80%98surrogate%E2%80%99-rules-may-hit-medical-tourism

Daily Newspapers

in68

http://Indiatoday.intoday.in/story/surrogacy-blooming-business-in-gujarat-shah-rukh-aamir-khan/1/301026.html

Daily Newspapers

Rank

Page

in80

http://csrIndia.org/blog/2013/07/18/surrogacy-ethical-or-commercial/

Organizations

India

in33

in69

http://selectsurrogacyIndia.com/Surrogacy_medical_tourism_India.html

Agencies

India

in77

http://www.rediff.com/news/report/the-truth-about-surrogacy-in-India/20130713.htm

Magazines

India

in81

http://shifamedicaltourism.com/ivf.php

Agencies

India

in78

http://www.rediff.com/news/report/no-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India/20131030.htm

Magazines

India

http://blog.Indiansurrogacylaw.com/

Agencies

India

in70

http://www.medicaltourismnews.com/2013/09/30/Indias-gujarat-surrogacy-clinic-help-abu-dhabi-couple-to-find-their-bundle-of-joy/

Agencies

India

in2

in71

http://www.timeoutmumbai.net/film/features/labour-union

Magazines

India

in5

http://www.surrogacylawsIndia.com/index_inner.php

Agencies

India

in72

http://www.surrogacyIndiadelhi.com/

Agencies

New Delhi, India

in6

http://www.ivfsurrogacy.com/surrogacy/surrogacy_anand_India.htm

Agencies

India

http://www.surrogacyIndiadelhi.com/articles/surrogacy-home.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in73

http://www.firstpost.com/living/India-must-enact-strict-laws-to-monitor-surrogacy-say-experts-936137.html

Daily Newspapers

India

in34

in82

http://www.gktoday.in/reproductive-tourism-in-India/

Magazines

India

in35

http://ivfsurrogacy.in/surrogacy/Type_of_Surrogacy.php

Clinics & Doctors

India

in74

http://www.medicaltourismco.com/India-hospitals/testimonials/carlton-surrogacy-India-testimonial.php

Agencies

USA

in63

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131030/news-current-affairs/article/no-more-tourist-visa-commissioning-surrogacy-India

Daily Newspapers

India

http://www.surrogacyIndiacentre.com/surrogacy_package.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in79

http://www.Indiacurrents.com/articles/2012/02/03/ethics-surrogacy

Magazines

Texas, USA

in36

in88

http://theglobaljournals.com/paripex/file.php?val=NjE4

University & Scientific Community

India

in37

http://www.internationalfertilitycentre.com/surrogacy/who-can-take-surrogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in87

http://www.mightylaws.in/643/India-promoting-reproductive-tourism

Other

India

in38

http://www.selectsurrogacyIndia.com/surrogacy/surrogacy_fee_cost_schedule_India.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

http://www.motherababy.com/Surrogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in86

http://www.onlinemedicaltourism.com/index.php?id=83&procedure=Surrogacy&city=Pune&country=India

Agencies

USA

in39

in76

http://www.ijoart.org/docs/Is-Legalising-Surrogacy-An-Outsourcing-Motherhood.pdf

Organizations

USA

in40

http://novaivifertility.com/surrogacy/

Clinics & Doctors

India

in88

http://www.britishcouncil.org.in/debatingmattersIndia/sites/default/files/topics/2013 /Fertility_Tourism_DMITopicguide2011FINAL.doc

Organizations

http://ivfinIndia.in/cost-of-surrogacy-in-India

Clinics & Doctors

India

in24

http://www.ivfsurrogacy.com/surrogacy.htm

Agencies

India

in84

http://www.progenyivf.com/Surrogacy_medical_tourism_India.php

Clinics & Doctors

New Delhi, India

in41

in22

http://zeenews.India.com/news/health/health-news/India-must-enact-strict-surrogacy-monitoring-law-say-experts_22811.html

Magazines

India

in42

http://www.motherslapivf.com/why_surrogacy.asp

Clinics & Doctors

India

in85

http://www.pressabout.com/surrogacy-rotunda-low-cost-gay-425408/

Magazines

California, USA

in7

http://www.kaylegalsurrogacy.com/IVF-Clinics-in-India/surrogacy-laws-in-India.html

Agencies

India

http://www.surrogacyexperts.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

in92

http://www.caremedicaltourism.com/procedures/ivf-and-surrogacy.html

Agencies

India

in43

in90

http://www.ijph.in/article.asp?issn=0019-557X

Organizations

India

in1

http://www.bestsurrogacyinIndia.com/

Agencies

India

in91

http://indsurrogacy.com/blog/

Agencies

USA

in50

http://mha1.nic.in/pdfs/CS-GrntVISA-291112.pdf

Government

India

in8

http://www.pagl.in/surrogacy-assitance-India.html

Agencies

India

in75

http://www.deccanherald.com/content/366144/no-more-tourist-visa-commissioning.html

Daily Newspapers

India

CORPUS

.Co.In | SURROGACY INDIA

.Co.In | SURROGACY TOURISM

Rank

Category

Country

in13

http://surrogacyIndia.com/

Agencies

India

in51

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/surrogacy-on-the-rise-in-north-India/article5309126.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

in52

http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/ministries-consulted-on-assisted-reproductive-technology-bill/article5380425.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

in53

http://articles.timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/2013-10-30/India/43526104_1_surrogacy-tourist-visa-medical-visa

Daily Newspapers

India

in47

http://boi.gov.in/content/surrogacy

Government

India

in25

http://www.delhi-ivf.com/surogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in26

http://surrogacycentreIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

UK/India

in27

http://www.surrogateIndia.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

Colorado, USA

in54

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/no-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India-home-ministry/431374-3.html

Daily Newspapers

India

in46

http://www.globaldoctoroptions.com/surrogacy-in-India-guide

Agencies

India

Arizona, USA

in28

http://www.surrogacyservices.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

Arizona, USA

in48

http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/medical_visas_surrogacy.html

Government

USA

Arizona, USA

in49

http://newdelhi.usembassy.gov/service/reporting-births-and-citizenship-questions/surrogacy-a.r.t.-and-dna-testing

Government

USA

Las Vegas, USA

in29

http://www.newlifeIndia.com/Surrogacy

Clinics & Doctors

India

USA

in30

http://www.newlifeIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

Mumbai, India

in55

http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/newdelhi /court-rejects-plea-to-choose-sex-of-kids-through-surrogacy/article1-1147224.aspx

Daily Newspapers

India

global

in56

http://newIndianexpress.com/states/kerala/Kerala-shrugs-off-surrogacy-stigma/2013/11/10/article1882417.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

in57

http://www.livemint.com/Politics/PO2th3aLwrclVEhFWQ7g1L/Foreigners-seeking-surrogate-mothers-wont-be-allowed-on-tou.html

Daily Newspapers

India

USA

in58

http://www.telegraphIndia.com/1131031/jsp/nation/story_17514940.jsp

Daily Newspapers

India

in59

http://www.ndtv.com/topic/surrogacy-India

Daily Newspapers

India

in60

http://www.Indianexpress.com/news/no-surrogacy-for-foreigners-tough-new-rules-planned/1152699/

Daily Newspapers

India

Mumbai, India

in69

http://healthcare.financialexpress.com/market-section/2139-surrogacy-in-India-shedding-its-secrecy

Daily Newspapers

India

in31

http://www.idealfertility.com/surrogacy-India.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in61

http://Indiatoday.intoday.in/story/surrogacy-commissioning-tourist-visa-India/1/320911.html

Daily Newspapers

India

in62

http://in.reuters.com/news/pictures/slideshow?articleId=INRTR3FFQS

Daily Newspapers

Colorado, USA

India

in32

http://www.surrogacyIndia.net/

Clinics & Doctors

India

http://www.globalsurrogacyIndia.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

Category

Country

in9

http://www.medical-tourism-India.com/packages-details.php?p_id=30

Agencies

India

in10

https://www.britishcouncil.org.in/debatingmattersIndia/sites/default/files/topics/2013 /Fertility_Tourism_DMITopicguide2011FINAL.doc

Organizations

India

in11

http://articles.timesofIndia.Indiatimes.com/2013-01-23/hyderabad/36504785_1_surrogacy-samit-sekhar-reproductive-tourism

Daily Newspapers

India

in12

http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/gaps-in-surrogacy-bill/article5276062.ece

Daily Newspapers

India

in13

http://www.Indianexpress.com/news/govt-mouthpiece-bats-for-surrogacy-tourism/951861/

Daily Newspapers

India

in14

http://www.nature.com/nIndia/2012/120326/full/nIndia.2012.41.html

Magazines

in15

http://www.samawomenshealth.org/downloads/Birthing%20A%20Market.pdf

Organizations

in16

http://www.asianage.com/India/allow-surrogacy-all-ministry-098

Daily Newspapers

in17

http://in.reuters.com/news/pictures/slideshow?articleId=INRTR3FFQS

Daily Newspapers

in18

http://www.ndtv.com/article/India/India-bars-foreign-gay-couples-singles-from-surrogacy-319388

Daily Newspapers

in19

http://www.surrogacyclinics.com/

Agencies

in20

http://www.surrogacyclinics.com/tag/surrogacy-tourism-India/

Agencies

in21

http://www.surrogacyclinics.com/tag/surrogacy-tourism-gujarat-India/

Agencies

in3

http://www.globaldoctoroptions.com/reproductive-tourism-rob-and-gregs-pursuit-of-surrogacy/973

Agencies

in45

http://www.theweekendleader.com/Culture/1389/Wombs-on-rent.html

Daily Newspapers

in4

http://healthcare.financialexpress.com/market-section/2139-surrogacy-in-India-shedding-its-secrecy

Daily Newspapers

in89

http://in.linkedin.com/pub/surrogacy-surrogacy-north-India/62/b1b/802/ja

Clinics & Doctors

in44

http://surrogacyIndia.com/

Agencies

in23

http://goarticles.com/article/Surrogacy-in-India-Boon-for-Medical-Tourism/7901112/

aggregatore di notizie

in83

http://www.isca.in/IJSS/Archive/v2/i10/4.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-124.pdf

Organizations

in64

http://blog.Indiansurrogacylaw.com/tag/reproductive-tourism/

Agencies

in65

http://surrogacymumbai.wordpress.com/same-sex-couple-surrogacy-surrogacy-for-gay-couples/

Clinics & Doctors

in66

http://www.medicalIndiatourism.com/infertility-treatment/surrogacy-in-India.html

Agencies

in67

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/s-murlidharan/surrogacy-law-or-miscarriage-of-justice/article3353133.ece

Daily Newspapers

in62

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131103/news-current-affairs/article /tougher-%E2%80%98surrogate%E2%80%99-rules-may-hit-medical-tourism

Daily Newspapers

in68

http://Indiatoday.intoday.in/story/surrogacy-blooming-business-in-gujarat-shah-rukh-aamir-khan/1/301026.html

Daily Newspapers

Rank

Page

in80

http://csrIndia.org/blog/2013/07/18/surrogacy-ethical-or-commercial/

Organizations

India

in33

in69

http://selectsurrogacyIndia.com/Surrogacy_medical_tourism_India.html

Agencies

India

in77

http://www.rediff.com/news/report/the-truth-about-surrogacy-in-India/20130713.htm

Magazines

India

in81

http://shifamedicaltourism.com/ivf.php

Agencies

India

in78

http://www.rediff.com/news/report/no-more-tourist-visa-for-commissioning-surrogacy-in-India/20131030.htm

Magazines

India

http://blog.Indiansurrogacylaw.com/

Agencies

India

in70

http://www.medicaltourismnews.com/2013/09/30/Indias-gujarat-surrogacy-clinic-help-abu-dhabi-couple-to-find-their-bundle-of-joy/

Agencies

India

in2

in71

http://www.timeoutmumbai.net/film/features/labour-union

Magazines

India

in5

http://www.surrogacylawsIndia.com/index_inner.php

Agencies

India

in72

http://www.surrogacyIndiadelhi.com/

Agencies

New Delhi, India

in6

http://www.ivfsurrogacy.com/surrogacy/surrogacy_anand_India.htm

Agencies

India

http://www.surrogacyIndiadelhi.com/articles/surrogacy-home.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in73

http://www.firstpost.com/living/India-must-enact-strict-laws-to-monitor-surrogacy-say-experts-936137.html

Daily Newspapers

India

in34

in82

http://www.gktoday.in/reproductive-tourism-in-India/

Magazines

India

in35

http://ivfsurrogacy.in/surrogacy/Type_of_Surrogacy.php

Clinics & Doctors

India

in74

http://www.medicaltourismco.com/India-hospitals/testimonials/carlton-surrogacy-India-testimonial.php

Agencies

USA

in63

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131030/news-current-affairs/article/no-more-tourist-visa-commissioning-surrogacy-India

Daily Newspapers

India

http://www.surrogacyIndiacentre.com/surrogacy_package.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in79

http://www.Indiacurrents.com/articles/2012/02/03/ethics-surrogacy

Magazines

Texas, USA

in36

in88

http://theglobaljournals.com/paripex/file.php?val=NjE4

University & Scientific Community

India

in37

http://www.internationalfertilitycentre.com/surrogacy/who-can-take-surrogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in87

http://www.mightylaws.in/643/India-promoting-reproductive-tourism

Other

India

in38

http://www.selectsurrogacyIndia.com/surrogacy/surrogacy_fee_cost_schedule_India.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

http://www.motherababy.com/Surrogacy.html

Clinics & Doctors

India

in86

http://www.onlinemedicaltourism.com/index.php?id=83&procedure=Surrogacy&city=Pune&country=India

Agencies

USA

in39

in76

http://www.ijoart.org/docs/Is-Legalising-Surrogacy-An-Outsourcing-Motherhood.pdf

Organizations

USA

in40

http://novaivifertility.com/surrogacy/

Clinics & Doctors

India

in88

http://www.britishcouncil.org.in/debatingmattersIndia/sites/default/files/topics/2013 /Fertility_Tourism_DMITopicguide2011FINAL.doc

Organizations

http://ivfinIndia.in/cost-of-surrogacy-in-India

Clinics & Doctors

India

in24

http://www.ivfsurrogacy.com/surrogacy.htm

Agencies

India

in84

http://www.progenyivf.com/Surrogacy_medical_tourism_India.php

Clinics & Doctors

New Delhi, India

in41

in22

http://zeenews.India.com/news/health/health-news/India-must-enact-strict-surrogacy-monitoring-law-say-experts_22811.html

Magazines

India

in42

http://www.motherslapivf.com/why_surrogacy.asp

Clinics & Doctors

India

in85

http://www.pressabout.com/surrogacy-rotunda-low-cost-gay-425408/

Magazines

California, USA

in7

http://www.kaylegalsurrogacy.com/IVF-Clinics-in-India/surrogacy-laws-in-India.html

Agencies

India

http://www.surrogacyexperts.com/

Clinics & Doctors

India

in92

http://www.caremedicaltourism.com/procedures/ivf-and-surrogacy.html

Agencies

India

in43

in90

http://www.ijph.in/article.asp?issn=0019-557X

Organizations

India

in1

http://www.bestsurrogacyinIndia.com/

Agencies

India

in91

http://indsurrogacy.com/blog/

Agencies

USA

in50

http://mha1.nic.in/pdfs/CS-GrntVISA-291112.pdf

Government

India

in8

http://www.pagl.in/surrogacy-assitance-India.html

Agencies

India

in75

http://www.deccanherald.com/content/366144/no-more-tourist-visa-commissioning.html

Daily Newspapers

India

C O R P U S G E O - LO C A L I Z AT I O N

GEO-LOCALIZED CORPUS

5 10 5 8

Australia Canada

15 50

India

50 79

Italy

12 1

Singapore

14 28

124 76

United States

47 20

Others

Automatic-GEOip Manual tagging URLs located in a same place

The clearest differences we find by overlapping these two visualizations is that most of the websites physically located in India are actually set on elsewhere servers. For some of the URLs the tool was not able to find the relative IP, and for that reason neither the geo-location.

The clearest differences we find by overlapping these two visualizations is that most of the websites physically located in India are actually set on elsewhere servers. The same thing happens also for Italy and UK cases: the results on Google.it are almost all physically located in Italy.

C O R P U S G E O - LO C A L I Z AT I O N

GEO-LOCALIZED CORPUS

5 10 5 8

Australia Canada

15 50

India

50 79

Italy

12 1

Singapore

14 28

124 76

United States

47 20

Others

Automatic-GEOip Manual tagging URLs located in a same place

C O R P U S G E O - LO C A L I Z AT I O N / C AT E G O R I E S D E F I N I T I O N

We also notices that a third of the websites with the server in USA are located somewhere else. Probably some of the Indian URLs have their servers in the States. Australianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s URLs double after the manual tagging and this is interesting because Australia was not one of our research countries, but it is anyway present in the corpus. Singapore is significantly present in the geo-ip results just because servers are located there.

Meanwhile tagging and checking out every website location, it has also been investigated what kind of actor they were, refer to the controversy. After a brief look at the websites we were working on, we laid down a list of categories among which there were:

AGENCIES

C AT E G O R I E S D E F I N I T I O N

D A I LY N E W S PA P E R S

GOVERNMENT

Every media (no matter if radio, television or newspapers) that daily produces information. This tag has often been associated to the online websites of printed newspapers; however the category comprehends all the medias in its wider meaning.

Ministries and governs, embassies and parliaments.

ACTIVISTS

MAGAZINES

O R G A N I Z AT I O N S

Or any kind of company that was getting money out of surrogacy. Most of the agencies we found were linked or even owned by the same actors who practice surrogacy. The main difference between agencies and clinics is that clinics create profit by directly practicing surrogacy, agencies base their business on undirected activities such as organizing stays in India, flying, finding clinics and so on. Lawyersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; studios have been included in this category as well.

Non-official group of people united by the same values to achieve the same goals.

All the medias that do not produce information daily.

Social entity officially recognized, that has a collective goal. As well as the activists they share a common credo on a specific view.

CLINICS & DOCTORS

ENCYCLOPEDIA

PERSONAL EXPERIENCES

Whoever is involved in the controversy that inseminates, implants or generally practices the surrogacy.

Entity that neutrally describes, usually from a medical and historical point of view, the surrogacy practice.

All people who avail themselves of the surrogacy practice and shared their experiences with other people. These people usually did it.

UNIVERSITY & SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Universities and all the academic environments linked to it. Scientific organizations mainly led by research and scientific purposes.

C O R P U S G E O - LO C A L I Z AT I O N / C AT E G O R I E S D E F I N I T I O N

AGENCIES

C AT E G O R I E S D E F I N I T I O N

D A I LY N E W S PA P E R S

GOVERNMENT

Ministries and governs, embassies and parliaments.

ACTIVISTS

MAGAZINES

O R G A N I Z AT I O N S

Non-official group of people united by the same values to achieve the same goals.

All the medias that do not produce information daily.

Social entity officially recognized, that has a collective goal. As well as the activists they share a common credo on a specific view.

CLINICS & DOCTORS

ENCYCLOPEDIA

PERSONAL EXPERIENCES

Whoever is involved in the controversy that inseminates, implants or generally practices the surrogacy.

Entity that neutrally describes, usually from a medical and historical point of view, the surrogacy practice.

All people who avail themselves of the surrogacy practice and shared their experiences with other people. These people usually did it.

UNIVERSITY & SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Universities and all the academic environments linked to it. Scientific organizations mainly led by research and scientific purposes.

C AT E G O R I E S E X P LO R AT I O N

This visualization shows all the websites that appeared on multiple domains. What is rather clear from a first view, is how the domains com, co uk & co in share a substantial amount of websites. Actually, this phenomenon was quite predictable and the reason why has to be searched looking at the most spoken language in these domains, which is English. This hypothesis also explains how

Italian websites are so marginalized in the structure, not sharing any websites with the other domains. Digging in the Venn diagram and taking a look at the categories of the most shared websites, it quickly comes out that they all belong to the same category â&#x20AC;&#x153;daily newspapersâ&#x20AC;?. This is an interesting outcome that brought us to consider Medias importance in the controversy.

SURROGACY

1 Co Uk

Com & Co Uk

3 Com & Co In

Com, Co Uk & Co In

Co In 59

6 Co Uk Co In

8 9

Another representation we thought would have been quite useful and meaningful about the controversy is the one showing the first websites coming out from Google, typing the queries we chose on the four domains.

SURROGACY

SURROGACY I N D I A INDIA

.Com

Com

co.In

co.Uk

SURROGACY T O U R I STOURISM M

.It

.Com

co.In

co.Uk

.It

C AT E G O R I E S E X P LO R AT I O N

SURROGACY

1 Co Uk

Com & Co Uk

3 Com & Co In

Com, Co Uk & Co In

Co In 59

6 Co Uk Co In

8 9

SURROGACY

SURROGACY I N D I A INDIA

.Com

Com

co.In

co.Uk

SURROGACY T O U R I STOURISM M

.It

.Com

co.In

co.Uk

.It

40 46

C AT E G O R I E S E X P LO R AT I O N

Googleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s algorithms are very complex and we are not20 meant to know them, but still we are allowed to suppose how these results are a sort of mirror of what people find relevant, important 10 and above all what they look for. Looking at the radar graphs, that show the amount of websites per domains classified by category, it is rather visible how in the co uk, com and it there is a peak tending to magazines

and daily newspapers. On the other hand, on the co in there is a predominant presence of agencies and clinics. As it has already been written, this visualization shows the importance of the medias in the controversy but also what is relevant concerning the topic in the different domains (therefore countries, and cultures).

Agencies

Clinics & Doctors

University & Scientific community

Com

Co.In 40

40 30

Organizations

Activists

30 20

20 10

Co.Uk

It Magazines

Encyclopedia

Daily Newspapers

Personal Experiences

Government

20 10

40 46

C AT E G O R I E S E X P LO R AT I O N

Agencies

Clinics & Doctors

University & Scientific community

Com

Co.In 40

40 30

Organizations

Activists

30 20

20 10

Co.Uk

It Magazines

Encyclopedia

Daily Newspapers

Personal Experiences

Government

20 10

T I M E & C AT E G O R I E S

CORPUS TIMELINE

T I M E & C AT E G O R I E S

First thing that was done after creating the corpus was to analyse the timespan covered by it. It would have been useful to understand firstly what kind of temporal idea was conveyed by the results coming from Google and secondly it would have been a good way to perform a double check on whether the topic of surrogacy tourism in India was hot at the moment or not. We found this work significant also because we stated that what we obtained through the scraping process had to be the general idea a random user may obtain about the topic when searching on Google in different countries, which nowadays is probably the first way of finding info and

thoughts about anything, among average people; so, knowing the complexity of the phenomenon (and its long history) it was important to understand the temporal dimension of the results.

Source Digital Methods Initiative (https://tools.digitalmethods.net/ beta/scrapeGoogle/)

This gathering data work was done by scraping Google through the use of the DMI tool Google Scraper2 to obtain 100 results in total from each domain (2 queries per domain, 50 results taken per query), integrated then with a detailed work of reading and understanding, in order to create a trustworthy base for the further work.

Number of URLs

Com

.IN

Co.In

Co.Uk

.IT

T I M E & C AT E G O R I E S

CORPUS TIMELINE

T I M E & C AT E G O R I E S

thoughts about anything, among average people; so, knowing the complexity of the phenomenon (and its long history) it was important to understand the temporal dimension of the results.

Source Digital Methods Initiative (https://tools.digitalmethods.net/ beta/scrapeGoogle/)

Number of URLs

Com

.IN

Co.In

Co.Uk

.IT

T I M E & C AT E G O R I E S

University & Scientific Community

Organizations

Magazines

Daily Newspapers

Government

Personal Experiences

Encyclopedia

Clinics & Doctors

Agencies

Activists

T I M E & C AT E G O R I E S

University & Scientific Community

Organizations

Magazines

Daily Newspapers

Government

Personal Experiences

Encyclopedia

Clinics & Doctors

Agencies

Activists

3 For further info, check this link: http://www.labnol.org/internet/ search/find-publishing-date-ofweb-pages/8410/

4 See chapter 7

T I M E & C AT E G O R I E S

The corpus was then sorted per domain and placed on a timeline, divided by years and months. Each result of the queries was tagged with a date of publication. Where not explicitly said it was extracted through a little Google "hack" found on the web, through which it is possible to find the publication date of a given page of a website3. After that, to each result was assigned a circle on the timeline of arbitrary and graphically suitable dimension. Whenever more results had to be placed on the same spot of the timeline, the diameter of the circle was multiplied by the number of results. The output is, as can be easily seen on the graph, a complete timespan, where the more circles are present and/or bigger, the more results were found in that date. Another important step was to define in which macroactors category these results were placeable, in order to understand better which kind of results appeared. As it is easily understandable, different actors speak in a different way and consequently convey different point of views, of course. So, on the same kind of

T I M E & C AT E G O R I E S

timeline, those same results, categorized by macroactors and time were placed. This was possible thanks to the previous detailed tagging work done by hand on the results. All the domains were combined here. The results were quite pleasantly as expected: results were mostly contemporary, and moreover the most part of them came out right in the days this corpus creation took place (late 2013). This meant that the topic was very contemporary. Just a minor part of them was dated before 2005, but the fact that they were there led us to think that something important might have happened in the past, which is a crucial thought that drove us to explore furtherly the topic on a time base 4.

The most interesting thing that emerged from the second sorting was that the media in general were the most active macroactors, and also active right at the moment of the gathering of the data. Significantly enough we discovered that at least 90% of the results were placed after 2007. Clinics and agencies were two active macroactors, too, but especially in the results from the indian domain. The rest of the circles is quite regularly placed in time. This whole process has been one of

the starting points of the analysis, because it let our team look at the results from a different angle, creating more questions and thoughts that were crucial for the further work you will see in the next pages of this report. We would like to invite you to take this results mentioned here not like the only ones possible: the purpose of this work is to create instruments to inspect the controversy, so you readers might find even more interpretations to these visualizations and processes.

3 For further info, check this link: http://www.labnol.org/internet/ search/find-publishing-date-ofweb-pages/8410/

4 See chapter 7

T I M E & C AT E G O R I E S

motherslapivf.com

surrogacyindiadelhi.com indiansurrogacylaw.com

LINK NETWORK

LINK NETWORK What we noticed initially was that the network is constituted by a main cluster, a smaller one and other nodes disconnected from the network. Reading the visualization through filters, rendered possible by associate features to the nodes, we could understand why the network had that specific layout (in which two clusters were very polarized and other nodes completely out of the link network). On the other hand, checking out all the nodes marginalized in the network, we found out that they all were either clinics or agencies, therefore actors who make money out of surrogacy. Being in competition with each other they have no interest in linking their website to the competitorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ones.

bestsurrogacyinindia.com essentialbaby.com.au

dailylife.com

sfchronicle.com

theage.com.au

smh.com.au

dnaindia.com deccanchronicle.com

kolkata.usconsulate.gov

culturarifavorevole duttiva.wordpress.com

india.com

favorevolegenyivf.com

hyderabad.usconsulate.gov

zeenews.india.com

health.india.com

indsurrogacy.com

medscape.com

fertilityauthority.com fertilethoughts.com ukrconsul.org surrogacy.com usatoday.com

surrogacyclinics.com opts.com parliament.ge

ijoart.org mightylaws.in

asrm.org

hiranandanihospital.org ilsole24ore.com

di.tamu.edu huffingtonpost.com

politico.com businessinsider.com

slate.com

maternitasurrogata.info

thisismoney.co.uk dailymail.co.uk

latimes.com

pressabout.com

thisislondon.co.uk indianexpress.com

globaldoctoroptions.com india.embassy.gov.au

iwannagetpregnant.com

boi.gov.in motherababy.com

loksatta.com

ivftreatmentindia.com

surrogacymumbai.com

healthcare.financialexpress.com

marieclaire.com amaniandbobsurrogacy.blogspot expressindia.com kaylegalsurrogacy.com ncbi.gov time.com

rediff.com

pbs.org.favorevolegram madeinindiamovie.com imtj.com

web.duke.edu indiacurrents.com

surrogacyindia.com

ourjourneytosurrogacyinindia .blogspot.com

abc.com

npr.org

lesliemorgansteiner.com

1.bp.blogspot.com unitalianoinindia.com

liberoquotidiano.it

blogger.com

pensaallasalute.blogspot.com

URLs part of the corpus

infertilita.forumfree.it

il-blog-della-fertilita.com

delhi-ivf.com british.council.org icmr.nic.in sbs.com.au ivfcharotar.com councilforresponsible genetics.org motherjones.com surrogacycentreindia.com tigerbeatdown.comstanford.edu indiatoday.in washingtonpost.com times.of.india bionews.org.uk mlj.sagepub.com drshivani-sci.com oprah.com telegraphindia.com theguardian.com massacritica.eu samawomenshealth.org telegraph.co.uk planethospital.com ilgiornale.it corriere.it slate.com globalivf.com online.wsj.com internazionale.it repubblica.it pinknews.co.uk gaywave.it

reuters/thomosonreuters.com

newdelhi.usembassy.gov

travel.state.gov

newlifeindia.com

scribd.com

ilfoglio.it

lurepository.lakeheadu.ca

en.wikipedia.org

nytimes.com webmd.com

photos.state.gov

surrogacyuk.org

bbc.co.uk metro.co.uk nationalpost.com

hindustantimes.com

medical.tourism.co.com

bangalore.usvpp.gov chennai.usconsulate.gov

aabb.org

newrepublic.com ivfsurrogacy.com

mumbai.usconsulate.gov

ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk

nydailynews.com

shaadi.com

utne.com

oasidellemamme.it

yourself.it pianetamamma.it

liquida.it

la.stampa

novaivifertility.com

Crawled URLs, not part of the corpus

sfgate.com

legacy.com

pianetadonna.it famigliacristiana.it

novamedicalcenters.com

ilfattoquotidiano.it

Nodes' Indegree

studiocataldi.it ilpost.it

192 399

associazionelatorre.com

NODES EDGES tours2health.com

ivf-clinics-india.com

abhijayrefavorevoleductivecare. blogspot.in

INDEGREE

Count

dilei.it staibene.it mediaset.vitv.it

abhijayhospital.com

qn.quotidiano.net

adnkronos.com oknotizie.alice.it

vitafertilityclinic.com surrogacyexperts.com

avvenire.it

libero.it

uccronline.it

enzopennetta.it

oneofus.eu.it novaeterrae.eu cristianocattolico.it unacasasullaroccia.com favorevolelifenews.it vatican.va

tempi.it

surrogacyclinicmumbai.blogspot.in

bioedge.org

zenit.org

reazionecattolica.com

Count

bibliotecaneval.org

robironza.wordpress.com lanuovabq.it

lanuovabq.it

OUTDEGREE

2.andreatornielli.it

bastabugie.it

paginemamma.it

forum.russurrogate.com uteroinaffitto.org

motherslapivf.com

surrogacyindiadelhi.com indiansurrogacylaw.com

LINK NETWORK

bestsurrogacyinindia.com essentialbaby.com.au

dailylife.com

sfchronicle.com

theage.com.au

smh.com.au

dnaindia.com deccanchronicle.com

kolkata.usconsulate.gov

culturarifavorevole duttiva.wordpress.com

india.com

favorevolegenyivf.com

hyderabad.usconsulate.gov

zeenews.india.com

health.india.com

indsurrogacy.com

medscape.com

fertilityauthority.com fertilethoughts.com ukrconsul.org surrogacy.com usatoday.com

surrogacyclinics.com opts.com parliament.ge

ijoart.org mightylaws.in

asrm.org

hiranandanihospital.org ilsole24ore.com

di.tamu.edu huffingtonpost.com

politico.com businessinsider.com

slate.com

maternitasurrogata.info

thisismoney.co.uk dailymail.co.uk

latimes.com

pressabout.com

thisislondon.co.uk indianexpress.com

globaldoctoroptions.com india.embassy.gov.au

iwannagetpregnant.com

boi.gov.in motherababy.com

loksatta.com

ivftreatmentindia.com

surrogacymumbai.com

healthcare.financialexpress.com

marieclaire.com amaniandbobsurrogacy.blogspot expressindia.com kaylegalsurrogacy.com ncbi.gov time.com

rediff.com

pbs.org.favorevolegram madeinindiamovie.com imtj.com

web.duke.edu indiacurrents.com

surrogacyindia.com

ourjourneytosurrogacyinindia .blogspot.com

abc.com

npr.org

lesliemorgansteiner.com

1.bp.blogspot.com unitalianoinindia.com

liberoquotidiano.it

blogger.com

pensaallasalute.blogspot.com

URLs part of the corpus

infertilita.forumfree.it

il-blog-della-fertilita.com

reuters/thomosonreuters.com

newdelhi.usembassy.gov

travel.state.gov

newlifeindia.com

scribd.com

ilfoglio.it

lurepository.lakeheadu.ca

en.wikipedia.org

nytimes.com webmd.com

photos.state.gov

surrogacyuk.org

bbc.co.uk metro.co.uk nationalpost.com

hindustantimes.com

medical.tourism.co.com

bangalore.usvpp.gov chennai.usconsulate.gov

aabb.org

newrepublic.com ivfsurrogacy.com

mumbai.usconsulate.gov

ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk

nydailynews.com

shaadi.com

utne.com

oasidellemamme.it

yourself.it pianetamamma.it

liquida.it

la.stampa

novaivifertility.com

Crawled URLs, not part of the corpus

sfgate.com

legacy.com

pianetadonna.it famigliacristiana.it

novamedicalcenters.com

ilfattoquotidiano.it

Nodes' Indegree

studiocataldi.it ilpost.it

192 399

associazionelatorre.com

NODES EDGES tours2health.com

ivf-clinics-india.com

abhijayrefavorevoleductivecare. blogspot.in

INDEGREE

Count

dilei.it staibene.it mediaset.vitv.it

abhijayhospital.com

qn.quotidiano.net

adnkronos.com oknotizie.alice.it

vitafertilityclinic.com surrogacyexperts.com

avvenire.it

libero.it

uccronline.it

enzopennetta.it

oneofus.eu.it novaeterrae.eu cristianocattolico.it unacasasullaroccia.com favorevolelifenews.it vatican.va

tempi.it

surrogacyclinicmumbai.blogspot.in

bioedge.org

zenit.org

reazionecattolica.com

Count

bibliotecaneval.org

robironza.wordpress.com lanuovabq.it

lanuovabq.it

OUTDEGREE

2.andreatornielli.it

bastabugie.it

paginemamma.it

forum.russurrogate.com uteroinaffitto.org

LINK NETWORK

Because of this phenomena they are not usually connected to the main network unless they quote a governmental website, an organization or the scientific community to explain how surrogacy is regulated or how it works. Another visualization that drew attention on the dynamics that shaped the layout of our network was the one that split the whole system by the four domains. It might be predictable to imagine that all the nodes coming from English speaking domains such as “com, “co uk” and “co in” occupy a more similar position compared to the nodes extracted from the “it” where the official language is Italian.

chennai.usconsulate.gov newdelhi.usembassy.gov

en.wikipedia.org

ijoart.org

globaldoctoroptions.com

boi.gov.in

icmr.nic.in

british.council.org

planethospital.com

samawomenshealth.org

surrogacyindia.com

Nodes (none of them is Media) unitalianoinindia.com

Nodes' Indegree Nodes' Outdegree

95 153

NODES EDGES

oneofus.eu.it novaeterrae.eu unacasasullaroccia.com

INDEGREE

Count

OUTDEGREE

Count

LINK NETWORK

chennai.usconsulate.gov newdelhi.usembassy.gov

en.wikipedia.org

ijoart.org

globaldoctoroptions.com

boi.gov.in

icmr.nic.in

british.council.org

planethospital.com

samawomenshealth.org

surrogacyindia.com

Nodes (none of them is Media) unitalianoinindia.com

Nodes' Indegree Nodes' Outdegree

95 153

NODES EDGES

oneofus.eu.it novaeterrae.eu unacasasullaroccia.com

INDEGREE

Count

OUTDEGREE

Count

LINK NETWORK

If we look at the nodes separately from the network what we notice first is that the size fluctuates. The diameter of the nodes visualize their â&#x20AC;&#x153;in degreeâ&#x20AC;?, hence it increases its dimension the more it is linked by an other actor in the network. This data shows us that there are two hubs in the graph: ICMR (Indian council of medical research) is a scientific community which wrote down the main guidelines to follow during the surrogacy process for all the people involved such as intended parents, surrogate mother, clinics etc etc to protect everybodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s right along the last of the practice. These guidelines have no legal power but since this was the only attempt to regulate the practice, most of the clinics abide by this regulation. The ICMR has also been called to participate to the draft bill with the government, professionals and lawyers. Times of India is the main daily newspaper in India which has often mentioned events related to surrogacy or simply explained new measurements taken by the Indian government to regulate the practice.

Beside these two main hubs, there are many other smaller sized nodes though they are still quite significant in the network. As said at the beginning of this chapter, the most important actors in the network are daily newspapers and magazines: they do not just avoid the structure to collapse, but they are also regularly cited from themselves and from other categories.

ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk maternitasurrogata.info bbc.co.uk

ivfsurrogacy.com en.wikipedia.org hindustantimes.com nytimes.com

boi.gov.in mightylaws.in

ncbi.gov icmr.nic.in

indiatoday.in

times.of.india

oprah.com theguardian.com

samawomenshealth.org

planethospital.com

surrogacyindia.com

URL localized in the US URL localized in India URL localized in the UK URL localized in Italy avvenire.it

Nodes' Indegree

192 399

NODES EDGES

favorevolelifenews.it tempi.it lanuovabq.it

LINK NETWORK

ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk maternitasurrogata.info bbc.co.uk

ivfsurrogacy.com en.wikipedia.org hindustantimes.com nytimes.com

boi.gov.in mightylaws.in

ncbi.gov icmr.nic.in

indiatoday.in

times.of.india

oprah.com theguardian.com

samawomenshealth.org

planethospital.com

surrogacyindia.com

URL localized in the US URL localized in India URL localized in the UK URL localized in Italy avvenire.it

Nodes' Indegree

192 399

NODES EDGES

favorevolelifenews.it tempi.it lanuovabq.it

CITED ACTORS

CITED ACTORS NETWORK

Politician

Brunei UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

CLINICS & DOCTORS

Europe ORGANIZATION

Spain OTHER

Grecia CLINICS & DOCTORS

Surrogatemothers Israel ORGANIZATION

Europe GOV

New Zealand GOV

Spain GOV

Bangladesh GOV GOV

France UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Christian-jewish Religion

Bulgary GOV

Canada PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

Australia AGENCY

ENCYCLOPEDIA

France GOV South Africa UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

France DAILY NEWSPAPER

France MAGAZINE Pakistan GOV

Politicians France CLINICS & DOCTORS

OTHER

Australia UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

ORGANIZATION

ACTIVIST

UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Ukraine CLINICS & DOCTORS

Sweden UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

MAGAZINE GOV

Spain CLINICS & DOCTORS

Lawyer

ORGANIZATION

UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM CLINICS & DOCTORS

ACTIVIST

ORGANIZATION

AGENCY

MAGAZINE CLINICS & DOCTORS

Hindu Religion

MAGAZINE

OTHER

GOV

DAILY NEWSPAPER

DAILY NEWSPAPER Albania CLINICS & DOCTORS

Norway GOV

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

Swiss AGENCY Canada UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

UAE DAILY NEWSPAPER

Surrogatemothers

Malaysia UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Singapore DAILY NEWSPAPER

MAGAZINE

CLINICS & DOCTORS

Israel Intendedparents

Australia MAGAZINE

AGENCY

GOV

Lawyer

Eggdonor

Norway Vip

DAILY NEWSPAPER Ukraine UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Australia DAILY NEWSPAPER

Global Visa

DAILY NEWSPAPER UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

AGENCY

Intendedparents Vip ORGANIZATION

Most cited actors

OTHER

Australia GOV Intendedparents

Lawyer

Global ORGANIZATION

Number of quotes

Surrogatemothers

AGENCY

Vip ART Bill

UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Nayna Patel

ACTIVIST

South Africa MAGAZINE

ICMR/ Indian Council of Medical Reserach

Georgia AGENCY

Akanksha Infertility Clinic Sushilkumar Shinde Indian Ministry Home Affairs

Japan GOV

Canada DAILY NEWSPAPER

Legge 40/ 2004 Visa

Malaysia GOV

Indian Embassy Andrea Borini Osservatorio sul turismo procreativo

Baby Surrogatehusbands

Oprah Winfrey CSR Centre for Social Research Leslie Morgan Steiner author of “The Baby Chase”

OTHER Japan Baby

Thailand CLINICS & DOCTORS COM

CO.IN

CO.UK

IT Japan Intendedparents

CITED ACTORS

CITED ACTORS NETWORK

Politician

Brunei UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

CLINICS & DOCTORS

Europe ORGANIZATION

Spain OTHER

Grecia CLINICS & DOCTORS

Surrogatemothers Israel ORGANIZATION

Europe GOV

New Zealand GOV

Spain GOV

Bangladesh GOV GOV

France UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Christian-jewish Religion

Bulgary GOV

Canada PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

Australia AGENCY

ENCYCLOPEDIA

France GOV South Africa UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

France DAILY NEWSPAPER

France MAGAZINE Pakistan GOV

Politicians France CLINICS & DOCTORS

OTHER

Australia UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

ORGANIZATION

ACTIVIST

UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Ukraine CLINICS & DOCTORS

Sweden UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

MAGAZINE GOV

Spain CLINICS & DOCTORS

Lawyer

ORGANIZATION

UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM CLINICS & DOCTORS

ACTIVIST

ORGANIZATION

AGENCY

MAGAZINE CLINICS & DOCTORS

Hindu Religion

MAGAZINE

OTHER

GOV

DAILY NEWSPAPER

DAILY NEWSPAPER Albania CLINICS & DOCTORS

Norway GOV

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

Swiss AGENCY Canada UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

UAE DAILY NEWSPAPER

Surrogatemothers

Malaysia UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Singapore DAILY NEWSPAPER

MAGAZINE

CLINICS & DOCTORS

Israel Intendedparents

Australia MAGAZINE

AGENCY

GOV

Lawyer

Eggdonor

Norway Vip

DAILY NEWSPAPER Ukraine UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Australia DAILY NEWSPAPER

Global Visa

DAILY NEWSPAPER UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

AGENCY

Intendedparents Vip ORGANIZATION

Most cited actors

OTHER

Australia GOV Intendedparents

Lawyer

Global ORGANIZATION

Number of quotes

Surrogatemothers

AGENCY

Vip ART Bill

UNI & SCIENTIFIC COM

Nayna Patel

ACTIVIST

South Africa MAGAZINE

ICMR/ Indian Council of Medical Reserach

Georgia AGENCY

Akanksha Infertility Clinic Sushilkumar Shinde Indian Ministry Home Affairs

Japan GOV

Canada DAILY NEWSPAPER

Legge 40/ 2004 Visa

Malaysia GOV

Indian Embassy Andrea Borini Osservatorio sul turismo procreativo

Baby Surrogatehusbands

Oprah Winfrey CSR Centre for Social Research Leslie Morgan Steiner author of “The Baby Chase”

OTHER Japan Baby

Thailand CLINICS & DOCTORS COM

CO.IN

CO.UK

IT Japan Intendedparents

1 Controversies involve all kind of actors, not only human beings and human groups, but also natural and biological elements, industrial and artistic products, economic and other institutions, scientific and technical artifacts and so on and so forth. Tommaso Venturini

CITED ACTORS

After visualizing the network of how the websites are linking each other or other websites, we suddenly noticed that most of the personalities, the documents, the organization cited in the corpus were little linked with an url and for this reason these cited actors1 were not in the network created with Hyphe and Gephi. We therefore decided to analyze which were all those actors that had been cited, even though they were not connected to a link. Proceeding in this way we have been able to see if different categories of actors cited the same actors or different ones. We manually noted for each url in the corpus which actors was being cited (no matter if in a good or bad way). The whole tagging has been cleaned up with Google Refine in order to cluster all those actors that have been cited with different names (for example the acronyms). We made a sum of the cited actors for each category in each domain: we got the most cited actors of the whole corpus and the most cited for each domain. Confirming our expectations the ART Bill (the Indian legislation that regulates the Assisted Reproduction Technology) is the most cited actor in the whole corpus, although in the .it domain is not much considered. In the .it domain is instead the Italian Legislation (Legge 40) of the 2004, 19th February to be the most cited actor. It’s interesting to see that no other domain is citing a legislation of its own country; probably in Italy there is an internal controversy about surrogacy. Among the most cited actors there are D.r Nayna Patel and her own clinic (the Akanksha Infertility Clinic), the Indian Council of Medical Research (a scientific community), the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs, the Visa, the Indian embassy. Another curious data is the presence of an Italian man among the first 10 most cited actors of the whole corpus and the second most cited in the .it domain (the other three domains have never cited him): Andrea Borini, president of the “Osservatorio sul Turismo Procreativo” which supervises the phenomenon of

CITED ACTORS

Italians going abroad to get medical assisted reproduction. After that we wanted to see whether the categories were citing actors of the same kind or not. For example: Are the Indian clinics citing only Indian actors? Are they citing only other clinics (or doctors)? In order to be able to answer to these and other questions we clustered the cited actors in the same categories we used to categorize the corpus. We therefore kept all those cited actors of which we were able to associate both location (Where is it from?) and category identity (Is it attributable to one of the categories we already have in the corpus?). We decided to create a network map based on citations instead of links. We exported the clustered dataset (in which on each row a geolocalized category cites another one) to .csv format with nodes and edges, understandable by Gephi. We applied the same parameters used in the previous network based on the outgoing links, but unlike that one, in the new map each dot represents both the links in the corpus and the specific cited actors member of the same category (for example the website of the Indian Government and the ART Bill, which is a cited actor, are under the India-Government dot).

The number of topics discussed, or simply quoted by a macro-actor is an indication of how this specific actor is inclined to discuss the controversy in its multi-faced nature and aspects. When an actor involved in the controversy keeps citing events or people belonging to the same semantic area, we will be led to think that this actor is no that aware of the debate’s complexity around the controversy; perhaps that this actor is not well informed on the many debates happening around surrogacy; or may be that they have a peculiar interest to discuss exclusively about certain topics rather than others.

Assuming that the “quoting theory” is quite important to understand and to define where the different actors stand in the controversy and who refers to who in the debate, we decided to visualize it through this graph which will be explained in the following lines. Each of the quoting actors is represented by a regular polygon and the number of its sides depends on the amount of the actors’ categories they talk about; Therefore when agencies cite doctors, government and scientific community, its shape will be a triangular. Using this criteria, the more a polygon will look like a circle, the more topics that particular actor faces. On every side of the polygon there are branches coming out (same lengths and all ending with a circle surrounded by orbits) on which are visualized the specific actors quoted. The amount of these quotes is going to define the area of the polygon: the more an actor quotes the bigger its polygon will be. In this representation is thus possible to see the spectrum of topics faced by each actor extracted from the corpus of four hundred URLs and to specifically analyze who they are discussing about. On the same graphs is also possible to understand where these quoted actors are geographically located through two wider colored orbits of which every color represents a specific country. What we can see taking a first sight at the diagrams is that all the four domains visualized are different from one another: many macro-actors do not quote at all in a certain domain while in others are quoting a wide spectrum of actors. Macro-actors that quote the most among the four domains analyzed, are “Daily newspapers” and “Magazines”. Focusing on them it is quite clear to see how these actors mostly cite actors directly linked to the controversy such as doctors, clinics, government and surrogate mothers. It is interesting to see how, among different domains, the size and the number of sides of these polygons do not change considerably.

On the other hand there are macro-actors polygons that change a lot depending on the domain they are: analyzing the activists, for example, we can notice how the polygon’s sides and its size changes prominently through the domains. On the “co uk” the activists are barely existing; They quote five actors belonging to only two actor categories (Indian government and US organizations), vice versa Italian activists are quoting several actors from many categories (thirty actors from fifteen different categories). Are they better aware of what surrogacy is about? Indian activists do not exist at all and this is a quite interesting highlight in the study of the controversy.As well as the activists, the scientific community does not have a constant shape along the four domains and it seems to be well structured on the “com”. Most of the quotes from the scientific community on the “com” come from different countries and variegated fields such as governmental rather than scientific or medical. It might be interesting to see how the international scientific community and university try to look at the surrogacy practice in its complexity and organic structure, analyzing different law situations and cultures. Another remarkable highlight we found looking at this visualization is how agencies in India are one of the main quoting actors. They especially quote themselves and the government and this would naturally lead anyone to wonder how they affect the perception of surrogacy on “co in”. As we said before, the most quoting actors refer to the controversy are daily newspapers and magazines. They give a quite vast view on the topic and as we shown before they appear very often in the URLs corpus we chose. In order to have a better understanding on how surrogacy is perceived in different countries, we decided then to take a look and to find out who these quoting actors were talking about, and why they were discussing about them.

CITED ACTORS

CITING C AT E G O RY what is cited

DA I LY

AG A

NIT

NOR

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Times of India

UN MM CO IN

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r ro

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INDIA DAILY NP

Agencies - 5 sides

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170

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A G EN CI ES

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CIE

f re

l ic ta in Cl linic spi ll o Ha ka C d h by sh ba Ru kan eda A hm A

IND

ur co

ART Bill Sushilkumar Shinde MHA Ministry Home Affairs

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Visa

ldi

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INDIA GOVERNMENT

C I T E D C AT E G O R Y PA

d Su

Co.In

146

Agencies - 14 sides

35 CITES

CITED ACTORS

CITING C AT E G O RY what is cited

DA I LY

AG A

NIT

NOR

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GOV

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ri t ay e -M a M e tt s s o f n o rw e p ri n c

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AGE NCIES

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Times of India

UN MM CO IN

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r ro

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Agencies - 5 sides

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35 CITES

CITED ACTORS

INDIA CLINICS

ITALIAN SCIENTIFIC COMMUN ITY

CITED ACTORS

Delhi-Ivf & Fertility Research Centre Surrogacy Centre India Corion Fertility Clinic Gynaecworld Kiran Infertility Centre Rotunda Clinic Akanshka Clinic

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146

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L AW IAN

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CITED ACTORS

INDIA CLINICS

ITALIAN SCIENTIFIC COMMUN ITY

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146

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CITED ACTORS

USA ORGANIZATIONS

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4 CITES

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CITED ACTORS

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ER S

Co.Uk

119

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5 CITES

140

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29 CITES

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Indian Parliament ART Bill

ER S

Co.Uk

119

Activists - 2 sides

5 CITES

140

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29 CITES

AT I

li n ic n d a C y c e n te r R o tu it fe rt il ic Id e a l s p it a l y c li n o Is is H IV I fe rt il it A ic ia NOV ti c li n e n tr e In d C S ru s h ic gacy ic S u rr o rt il it y c li n rt il it y c li n fe v it a fe if e In d ia L New

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OB EN

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140

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47 CITES

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CITED ACTORS

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140

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26 CITES

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N ZI

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119

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Co.Uk

Ka rk

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ni zo az M se” ra to io zia no et ad oti eo if ud N El Le d La la “ ax cia M tris S

lr ate ha P Rek

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IN STA R C SR

SOUTH

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47 CITES

IEN

TIF

ITY

CITED ACTORS

IN DIA SU OG

INDIA GOVERNMENT

RR sha

rah

f re

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ef or

TIO

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vis a

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Q u ot i n g AR

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IC CO MM UN ITY

Com

170

Organizations - 8 sides

9 CITES

Co.In

146

Organizations - 4 sides

5 CITES

CITED ACTORS

IN DIA SU OG

INDIA GOVERNMENT

RR sha

rah

f re

ART Bill

ef or

TIO

A OB

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vis a

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Q u ot i n g AR

ill TB

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AT Dik

Womb for Rent - Kushwaha Nisha ICMR

IC CO MM UN ITY

Com

170

Organizations - 8 sides

9 CITES

Co.In

146

Organizations - 4 sides

5 CITES

CITED ACTORS

ES CI EN

ZA TI ON

lak

tel

W rah

l c ini ita Cl osp lity ai H rti Fe and rya ran linic wa ai I Ish mb ka C Mu ansh Ak

ORGANIZATIONS

INDIA DOCTORIS Dr. Sunil Avasia Dr. Nayna Patel Dr Anoop Gupta

INDIA SURROGATE MOTHERS

I LY

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inf

re y

Tourist visa

GLOBAL VISA

on ati niz ga ne r o ici ed law on ty a l e rd o c i e v e M c i m i h Et ha S an S uct U s e r i c p ro d Am r Re fo

I CI MR a Ku IC njan Ra

Q uo t i ng

Mansi Thapliyal

INDIA DAILY NP

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CS SA R MA

119

Co.Uk

AR Ind T B Ind ia G ill i a n e over mb nm as ent sy

E CI

F TI

Organizations - 12 sides sides

23 CITES

140

Organizations - /

0 CITES

CITED ACTORS

ES CI EN

ZA TI ON

lak

tel

W rah

l c ini ita Cl osp lity ai H rti Fe and rya ran linic wa ai I Ish mb ka C Mu ansh Ak

ORGANIZATIONS

INDIA DOCTORIS Dr. Sunil Avasia Dr. Nayna Patel Dr Anoop Gupta

INDIA SURROGATE MOTHERS

I LY

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inf

re y

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on ati niz ga ne r o ici ed law on ty a l e rd o c i e v e M c i m i h Et ha S an S uct U s e r i c p ro d Am r Re fo

I CI MR a Ku IC njan Ra

Q uo t i ng

Mansi Thapliyal

INDIA DAILY NP

rkh

CS SA R MA

119

Co.Uk

AR Ind T B Ind ia G ill i a n e over mb nm as ent sy

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Organizations - 12 sides sides

23 CITES

140

Organizations - /

0 CITES

CITED ACTORS

INDIA SURROGATE MOTHERS

CITED ACTORS

Nazni Tobias Jai

PERSONAL EXPERIENCES

Quoting

USA MAGAZINES

Leslie Morgan Steiner

Com

170

Personal Experiences - 2 sides

3 CITES

Co.In

146

Personal Experiences - /

0 CITES

CITED ACTORS

INDIA SURROGATE MOTHERS

CITED ACTORS

Nazni Tobias Jai

PERSONAL EXPERIENCES

Quoting

USA MAGAZINES

Leslie Morgan Steiner

Com

170

Personal Experiences - 2 sides

3 CITES

Co.In

146

Personal Experiences - /

0 CITES

CITED ACTORS

USA DAILY NP

CITED ACTORS

PERSO NAL EXPERIENCES

Qu o t in g

Nazni

USA MAGAZINE

Leslie Morgan Steiner

NY Times

INDIA SURROGATE MOTHERS

INDIA DOCTORS

Dr. Shivani Sachdev Gour Dr. Pai

Co.Uk

119

Personal Experiences - 4 sides

5 CITES

140

Personal Experiences - /

0 CITES

CITED ACTORS

USA DAILY NP

CITED ACTORS

PERSO NAL EXPERIENCES

Qu o t in g

Nazni

USA MAGAZINE

Leslie Morgan Steiner

NY Times

INDIA SURROGATE MOTHERS

INDIA DOCTORS

Dr. Shivani Sachdev Gour Dr. Pai

Co.Uk

119

Personal Experiences - 4 sides

5 CITES

140

Personal Experiences - /

0 CITES

CITED ACTORS

S N IO AT IZ AN

-JE

RG O L

y Bab g le Goo

IND

IN DI A G O VE RN M

NIZ

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f lo

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170

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Com

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Qu oti ng

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CIE

lin

R SU

AT I

SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY

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Quoting

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S CIENT IF IC COM M U NIT Y

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USA

DOCTO

ART

IN D IA

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USA GO VER NM ENT

USA

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ICS

AZIN

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MAG

LIN

Cou G e n n c il f o r e t ic R s (C e s p o n RG) s ib le

Ca Jo lifo vs hnso r nian .C alv n er tc as e

USA

HINDU RELIGION

BA LO G

f re

So fe cia d W er l W A Hu HO atio ork IS n er De m V s a cl n L ar Ri A at gh B io ts n LO

B ib

Vida Panit ch

pr a

le 2 7

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A rt ic

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lan ap r C ely t h u G re r A nk Ha

IST

VER

CHR

WIS

CANADA UNIVERSITY

OPE

r R jou M IC dian In

EUR

H R ELI G

ION

CITED ACTORS

Scientific Community - 23 sides

38 CITES

Co.In

146

Scientific Community - 5 sides

7 CITES

CITED ACTORS

S N IO AT IZ AN

-JE

RG O L

y Bab g le Goo

IND

IN DI A G O VE RN M

NIZ

ION

Vis m i Ya

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170

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R SU

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SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY

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Quoting

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B il l

S CIENT IF IC COM M U NIT Y

Sat

USA

DOCTO

ART

IN D IA

Pa te l Dr. N ay na ni pa Dr A. M al

USA GO VER NM ENT

USA

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ICS

AZIN

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MAG

LIN

Cou G e n n c il f o r e t ic R s (C e s p o n RG) s ib le

Ca Jo lifo vs hnso r nian .C alv n er tc as e

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HINDU RELIGION

BA LO G

f re

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B ib

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pr a

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VER

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EUR

H R ELI G

ION

CITED ACTORS

Scientific Community - 23 sides

38 CITES

Co.In

146

Scientific Community - 5 sides

7 CITES

CITED ACTORS

101

INDIA CLINICS

EUROPEAN GOVERNMENT

CITED ACTORS

Akanshka Clinic

los o de iad ral tar ne No e l n G de ciรณ s y re c t ro Di gis Re

Vida Panitch

INDIA DOCTORS

Co rte

di A llo

Q u o ting

pp e

Hank Greely

USA UNIVERSITY

SPAIN OTHER

Scientific Community - 4 sides

119

I TA

N ER

S CIENT I F I C CO M M U N I TY

Q uo ting

Co.Uk

T ZA

ce en fer t on righ ac e Aj rivat p

S CI EN T I FI C CO MMU N I T Y

Dr. Nayna Patel

CANADA UNIVERSITY

Hu Em man br Fe iol rti og lisa y A tio n& ct

EU justice court

Fedrico Garau

100

4 CITES

140

Scientific Community - 6 sides

6 CITES

CITED ACTORS

101

INDIA CLINICS

EUROPEAN GOVERNMENT

CITED ACTORS

Akanshka Clinic

los o de iad ral tar ne No e l n G de ciรณ s y re c t ro Di gis Re

Vida Panitch

INDIA DOCTORS

Co rte

di A llo

Q u o ting

pp e

Hank Greely

USA UNIVERSITY

SPAIN OTHER

Scientific Community - 4 sides

119

I TA

N ER

S CIENT I F I C CO M M U N I TY

Q uo ting

Co.Uk

T ZA

ce en fer t on righ ac e Aj rivat p

S CI EN T I FI C CO MMU N I T Y

Dr. Nayna Patel

CANADA UNIVERSITY

Hu Em man br Fe iol rti og lisa y A tio n& ct

EU justice court

Fedrico Garau

100

4 CITES

140

Scientific Community - 6 sides

6 CITES

102

CLINIC FOCUS

103

CERTIFIED CLINICS

Clinic location

Malpani infertility Clinic Pvt. Ltd.

178 Clinics certified by the government

Doctor Nayna Patel and her Akanksha Infertility Clinic were two of the most cited actors in the .co.Uk and .Com domain, but they were less cited in India an Italy. This step would be focused on understanding better that figure of the controversy. We wanted to know if she was a central figure in the controversy, if there were other doctors more important and powerful on the country and which was the fertility clinics' situation in India. To do that we had found an indian official document called "List of Enrolled Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Clinics under National Registry of ART Clinics and Banks in India" written in 2013. This document made a list of all the name of the clinics, their addresses and its chief doctor, for the whole country. It was decided to take the address, place them on a map and visualize the position of the most cited clinics. Google Refine was used to extract the coordinates, and then the map was created with Tilemill. The first interesting information with which we came into contact was that there are 178 clinics on the country, but our 400

web addresses cited only 17 clinics and doctors, Nayna Patel was cited with her clinic more than 50 times, the second most cited clinic and doctor names were Rita Bakshi, another woman doctor, and her clinic: the "International Fertility Centre", in total they were cited 10 times, and never from India. So on the web it looked like Nayna Patel was the most prominent figure of the network, but only in american and english domains. With another analysis and visualization we were able to determine how many buildings belonged to any doctor to understand how the clinics of every doctor were spread on the territory. Another interesting information was to realize that there were 5 clinics that had at least 3 building on the territory of India whose relative doctors were never cited. Nayna Patel had only one building on the country. The only important doctor cited who is responsible for 4 clinics on country is Gautam Allahbadia, but was cited only 5 times, four of this citations were made by the indian domain.

102

CLINIC FOCUS

103

CERTIFIED CLINICS

Clinic location

Malpani infertility Clinic Pvt. Ltd.

178 Clinics certified by the government

104

CLINIC FOCUS

CITED CLINICS IN THE CORPUS

It was decided to analyze better the corpus to make a comparison between it and our cited doctors and clinics. In our corpus 37 general clinics' urls were found, but only 27 of those referred to Indian Clinics. In fact all the italian url results were related to european clinics (ukrainian and russian clinics). Another interesting fact was that among these 27 indian clinics only 10 were recognized by the Indian Government and were members of the "List of Enrolled Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Clinics under National Registry of ART Clinics and Banks in India". Another deep analysis established that only 5 of this clinics with their doctor were cited and appeared in our research corpus, and among these Nayna Patel's clinic did not appear. At this time it was possible to suppose that maybe Nayna Patel is a media icon created by

50 clinics 1 clinic

Malpani infertility Clinic Pvt. Ltd.

105

17 Clinics are cited in the corpus

american and english newspaper and television, but that in the reality is only one of hundreds of doctors that works with surrogacy every day. Going back to the analysis, these 5 clinics that were cited in the corpus appeared only when using the query Surrogacy India and never when querying Google with Surrogacy Tourism. Moreover we visualized that doctors like Dr. Shivani Sachdev Gour and his clinic SCI Healtcare-Isis Hospital, and Doctor Anoop Goopta and his clinic Delhi IVF & Fertility Clinic, that were the most cited after Rita Bankshi, were more recurring in the corpus, because they appeared in three of the four domains that were chosen. Besides, Doctor Anoop Goopta was cited two times in the Indian domain because he is represented by two different websites.

104

CLINIC FOCUS

CITED CLINICS IN THE CORPUS

50 clinics 1 clinic

Malpani infertility Clinic Pvt. Ltd.

105

17 Clinics are cited in the corpus

106

CLINIC FOCUS

107

CLINICS & DOCTORS

106

CLINIC FOCUS

107

CLINICS & DOCTORS

Organizations Government University & Scientific Community Agencies Activists Encyclopedia Personal Experiences

ART Bill

law

legislati v e sphere

rights

commercial sphere

cost

woman

woman sphere

womb

clinic

parents

medical sphere

family

child

mother

family sphere

Magazines Clinics & Doctors

Daily Newspapers

Organizations

Magazines

Government

Clinics & Doctors

University & Scientific Community

Organizations

Agencies

Government

Activists

University & Scientific Community

Encyclopedia

Agencies

Personal Experiences

Activists Encyclopedia

family sphere

Personal Experiences

family sphere

medical sphere

woman sphere

commercial sphere

legislati v e sphere

medical sphere

woman sphere

commercial sphere

legislati v e sphere

tourist VISA

medical VISA

VISA

agreement

womb

woman

doctor

clinics

risks

Clinics & Doctors

Daily Newspapers ART Bill

Tourist VISA

ART Bill

VISA

money

fee

womb

woman

clinic

mother

family

hope

parents

Magazines

ENTITIES ANALYSIS couple

family

Daily Newspapers

husband

All the three english speaking domains share the same semantic areas for their most used words. And interestingly the importance given to the same words seems to be pretty similar, too; In the family sphere of India the child is not mentioned in the most important words, while great importance is given to the mother. Different situation than UK and USA domains; In USA's family sphere the word "couple" in its generic meaning is among the most used among with the most traditional words for family; India seems to be more involved in the

The woman sphere shares the same words in every domain; In Italy the highest recurrence was found for lawrelated terms, as well as many individuals' personal names and words related to facts that made it into the news; Also, an important number of words were religionrelated, differently from the other domains. We decided not to add in this paragraph any of the interpretations we gave to this results, because they were mostly suppositions of what could have been found next. Moreover, because of the explorative nature of this whole work, we would like to leave further possible interpretations of the visualizations to the readers of this report. We'd like to remark that the goal here is to show data about the topic, not to influence the perception of the phenomenon.

husband

medical matter than the other domains; The legislative sphere has big relevance in every domain;

The SVEN results have been then visualized better and clusterized in semantic spheres. Italian results were divided in categories and tag clouds were obtained.This work showed some interesting results. It has been useful to check if the domains had priorities when talking about the topic. And the answer was apparently yes, as it is easy to see in the visualizations. For example, it was interesting to discover that:

child

111

ART Bill

T E R M S A N A LY S I S

money

T E R M S A N A LY S I S

wife

110

Organizations Government University & Scientific Community Agencies Activists Encyclopedia Personal Experiences

ART Bill

law

legislati v e sphere

rights

commercial sphere

cost

woman

woman sphere

womb

clinic

parents

medical sphere

family

child

mother

family sphere

Magazines Clinics & Doctors

Daily Newspapers

Organizations

Magazines

Government

Clinics & Doctors

University & Scientific Community

Organizations

Agencies

Government

Activists

University & Scientific Community

Encyclopedia

Agencies

Personal Experiences

Activists Encyclopedia

family sphere

Personal Experiences

family sphere

medical sphere

woman sphere

commercial sphere

legislati v e sphere

medical sphere

woman sphere

commercial sphere

legislati v e sphere

tourist VISA

medical VISA

VISA

agreement

womb

woman

doctor

clinics

risks

Clinics & Doctors

Daily Newspapers ART Bill

Tourist VISA

ART Bill

VISA

money

fee

womb

woman

clinic

mother

family

hope

parents

Magazines

ENTITIES ANALYSIS couple

family

Daily Newspapers

husband

medical matter than the other domains; The legislative sphere has big relevance in every domain;

child

111

ART Bill

T E R M S A N A LY S I S

money

T E R M S A N A LY S I S

wife

110

112

N E W S PA P E R S

T E R M S A N A LY S I S

ITALIAN ENTITIES ANALYSIS

D A I LY N E W S PA P E R S

aina (34) italiaucraina (24) kiev(34) (22) india italia(20) (24)paesi kiev(18) (22) india (20) paesi (18)

milano american andrea airlines borini (12) (12)brescia milano(10) (12)crema andrea (8) borini (12) brescia (10) crema (8) 14) american airlines (12) roma (14)(12)

hi (8) corte costituzionale (8)nuova salutedelhi (8) elisa (8) (8) corte la kidman costituzionale (8) cecilia (8)rizzica salute (8) (8)val elisa gardena (8) la kidman (8) (8) cecilia rizzica (8) val gardena (8) ata (8) women hospital pulsemonte (8) repubblica livata (8)(8) women stati uniti hospital (8) direttore pulse (8)(6)repubblica dna (6) letta (8)(6)stati uniti (8) direttore (6) dna (6) letta (6)

113

GOVERNMENTS

india (8)

UNIVERSITY & S.C.

india (6)

AGENCIES

the independent (4) carol the horlock independent (4) stati (4) uniti carol (4) horlock (4) regno unito (4) occidente (2) paesi (2)regno lancet (2) unito ministero (2)(4) hfea (2) occidente dna (2)(2) thailandia paesi (2) lancet (2) canada (2) ministero (2) stato (2)(2)hfea usa(2)(2) dna (2) thailandia (2)

stati canada (2)

cremona (6) biotexcom (6) roccella procure (6) genova (6) cremona (6) centro (6) biotexcom (6) scienze (6)(6)roccella PDL (6)(6) genova (6) centro (6) scienze (6) PDL (6)

NES

MAGAZINES

ina (34) romaucraina (34) (22) francesca (22)svizzera (20)roma francesca kiev (18) (18)(20) kiev (18) svizzera (18) (16) Robi Ronza (16)mamme europa (16) russia Robi Ronza (16) europa (14) tribunale (14) (16) leggi (14) russia (14) tribunale (14) leggi (14)

12) mamme domani (12) thapliyal usa (12) stati (12) mamme uniti (12)domani turismo(12) procreativo usa (12) (12) statidna uniti(12) (12) turismo procreativo (12) dna (12)

IVF di anand (12) vita (12)akanksha di anand (12) vita(10) (12) legge legge (10)IVF corte (10) menzione corte (10) spagna(10) (8) rep ceca (8) menzione (10) spagna (8) rep ceca (8)

raffaeleasl (4)bologna giovani asl bologna (4) sangiovani miracle (4) babysan (4)raffaele (4) miracle b sociale (4) (4) osservatorio sociale (4) barto organizzazione mondiale sanitĂ organizzazione (4) osservatorio mondiale sanitĂ bartoletti (4) carlohealth flamigni (4) blog warrior infertility (4) public blog health warriorinformation infertility (4)(4)public information (4) carlo flam fondazione serono (4) napolifondazione centro scienze serono (4) (4) napoli centro scienze (4)

nic (8) massimo introvigne (8) infertility andrea borini clinic(8) (8)bice massimo cremagnani introvigne (8) social (8) andrea research borini (8) (8) patbice carra cremagnani (8) (8) social research (8) pat carra (8) uzionale (8) pannella (8) andrea corte tornielli costituzionale (8) di vangelo (8) pannella (8) xvi e(8) francesco andrea (8) tornielli (8) di vangelo georgia-armenia (6) (8) xvi e francesco (8) georgia-armenia (6)

(6) parlamento (6) chiesa (6) lugano depressione (6) crema(6) (6) parlamento grecia (6) utero (6) chiesa (6) (6) lugano (6) crema (6) grecia (6) utero (6)

S & DOCS

CLINICS & DOCS

a (18) rapporto india(14) (18) tailandia rapporto (8) europa (14) (8) tailandia (8)

europa (8)

embrionaria biosperm fundaci medicina (4) riproduzione embrionaria assistita biosperm (4) fecondazione fundaci (4) riproduzione assistita romaassistita (4) (4) fecondazione assistita roma (4) era (4) percorsi della pma (4)josep vecchio carrera testamento (4) percorsi (4) della riproduzione pma (4) medico vecchiospecialista testamento (4)(4) riproduzione medico specialista (4) ancock (4) franco lisi (4) i regolamenti michael hancock (4) canada (4) franco (4) medicina lisi (4) (4) i regolamenti lisi congressi (4)(4)canada icsi (4)(4) medicina (4) lisi congressi (4) icsi (4)

Z AT I O N S

O R G A N I Z AT I O N S

i uniti (8) granstati bretagna uniti (4) hague (8) conference gran bretagna (4) paese (4) hague (4) conference (4) paese (4)

elanda (4) stati usanuova (4) parlamento zelanda (4)europeo stati usa (4)(4)south parlamento wales (4)europeo (4) south wales (4) international law (4) private permanent international bureau (4) lawcapital (4) permanent territory (4) bureau (4) capital territory (4)

canada (4) ucraina (10) statiucraina uniti (8)israele (10)(8) stati chiara uniti (6)(8) israele (8) chiara (6) bretagna-irlanda-finlandia-grecia (4) bretagna-irlanda-finlandia-grecia (4) cina (2) kiev (2) biotexcom (2)

ACTIVISTS

cina (2) kiev (2)

biotexcom (2)

ACTIVISTS

chiesa (22) santomiero chiesa(16)(22) vangelo santomiero (14) vaticana (16) (14)vangelo (14) vatican

costanza miriano (8) waldir ramos costanza (8) provincia miriano (8) romana waldir(8) ramos social (8)research provincia (8)romana (8) social rese amorth (8) eugenia roccella (8) amorth luca volont (8) eugenia (8) india roccella (8) papa (8) luca francesco volont(8) (8) india (8) papa francesc san domenico (8) mcluhan (6) mannelli san domenico (6) dio (6) (8)morresi mcluhan(6)(6)bicentenario mannelli (6)(6)dio deum (6) morresi (6) (6) bicentenario (6)

112

N E W S PA P E R S

T E R M S A N A LY S I S

ITALIAN ENTITIES ANALYSIS

D A I LY N E W S PA P E R S

aina (34) italiaucraina (24) kiev(34) (22) india italia(20) (24)paesi kiev(18) (22) india (20) paesi (18)

milano american andrea airlines borini (12) (12)brescia milano(10) (12)crema andrea (8) borini (12) brescia (10) crema (8) 14) american airlines (12) roma (14)(12)

113

GOVERNMENTS

india (8)

UNIVERSITY & S.C.

india (6)

AGENCIES

stati canada (2)

cremona (6) biotexcom (6) roccella procure (6) genova (6) cremona (6) centro (6) biotexcom (6) scienze (6)(6)roccella PDL (6)(6) genova (6) centro (6) scienze (6) PDL (6)

NES

MAGAZINES

12) mamme domani (12) thapliyal usa (12) stati (12) mamme uniti (12)domani turismo(12) procreativo usa (12) (12) statidna uniti(12) (12) turismo procreativo (12) dna (12)

IVF di anand (12) vita (12)akanksha di anand (12) vita(10) (12) legge legge (10)IVF corte (10) menzione corte (10) spagna(10) (8) rep ceca (8) menzione (10) spagna (8) rep ceca (8)

(6) parlamento (6) chiesa (6) lugano depressione (6) crema(6) (6) parlamento grecia (6) utero (6) chiesa (6) (6) lugano (6) crema (6) grecia (6) utero (6)

S & DOCS

CLINICS & DOCS

a (18) rapporto india(14) (18) tailandia rapporto (8) europa (14) (8) tailandia (8)

europa (8)

Z AT I O N S

O R G A N I Z AT I O N S

i uniti (8) granstati bretagna uniti (4) hague (8) conference gran bretagna (4) paese (4) hague (4) conference (4) paese (4)

ACTIVISTS

cina (2) kiev (2)

biotexcom (2)

ACTIVISTS

chiesa (22) santomiero chiesa(16)(22) vangelo santomiero (14) vaticana (16) (14)vangelo (14) vatican

114

CITED DOCUMENTS

IND IA HEALTHCARE: INSPIRING POS SIBILIT IE S, CHALLENGING JOUR N E Y / CII A RT R EG U L AT I O N B I L L DR A FT 201 0 / I C MR

ETHICAL G U IDE L IN E S FO R BIOME DICAL RE SE ARCH O N HUMAN PART ICIPANTS / ICMR

BIRT H ING A MARKE T SAMA

SU RRO G AT E MOT H E RH O O D: E T H ICAL O R CO MME RCIAL / CSR

RE P O RT 2 2 8 / L AW CO MMIS SIO N O F IN DIA

OS SERVATORI O SUL TURI SMO P ROCREATI VO

CU RRE NT P RAT ICE IN AS SIST E D RE P RO DUCT IO N / WHO

115

A RT RE GU L AT I ON B I L L D RA F T 2 0 1 0 / I CM R

HUMAN F ERTI LI SATI ON AND EMB RI OLOGY ACT / UK GOV

LEGGE 40 / 20 0 4 / I T GOV

DAILY N EWSPAP ERS

MAG AZ IN ES

I ND I A H E A LT H CA RE : I NS P I RI NG P OS S I B I L I T I E S , CH A L L E NGI NG J OU RNE Y / CI I

E T H I CA L GU I D E L I NE S FOR B I OM E D I CA L RE S E A RCH ON H U M A N PA RT I CI PA NTS / I CM R B I RT H I NG A M A RK E T SAMA RE P ORT 2 2 8 / L AW COM M I S S I ON OF I ND I A S U RROGAT E M OT H E RH OOD : E T H I CA L OR COM M E RCI A L / CS R

C L IN IC S & DOC TORS ORG AN IZAT ION S

CU RRE NT P RAT I CE I N A S S I ST E D RE P ROD UCT I ON / WORL D H E A LT H ORGA NI ZAT I ON

G OVERN MENT AC T IVISTS H U M A N F E RT I L I S AT I ON A ND E M B RI OLOGY ACT / U K GOV

A RT RE GU L AT I ON B I L L D RA F T 2 0 1 0 / I CM R

DAILY N EWSPAP ERS I ND I A H E A LT H CA RE : I NS P I RI NG P OS S I B I L I T I E S , CH A L L E NGI NG J OU RNE Y / CI I

MAG AZ IN ES

E T H I CA L GU I D E L I NE S FOR B I OM E D I CA L RE S E A RCH ON H U M A N PA RT I CI PA NTS / I CM R

B I RT H I NG A M A RK E T SAMA RE P ORT 2 2 8 / L AW COM M I S S I ON OF I ND I A C L IN IC S & DOC TORS ORG AN IZAT ION S

S U RROGAT E M OT H E RH OOD : E T H I CA L OR COM M E RCI A L / CS R

G OVERN MENT AC T IVISTS ENC YC LOP EDIA

DA ILY N E W S PA PE R S

MAGA ZINE S

CLINICS & DO CTO RS

GOV E RNME NT O RGA NIZATIO NS

AG ENC I ES UN I VERSI T Y & SC I ENT I F I C C O M M UN I T Y

ENC YC LO P ED I A AC T I VI STS

What is everyone talking about? This is a question that drove constantly this part of the work. It was a urge to understand better. It has been a continuous struggle to find points of absolute comparison between actors and topics. While managing the data we noticed that many times the Google results were citing what seemed to be important papers, laws or documents. And they didn't emerge directly during the scaping process. During the tagging phase, whenever a document was cited, it was noted down and kept on a list. After the whole process of reading was done, the list of this documents was ready. They were then sorted through the method of the highest recurrence of citing, and this let us choose the ones that were important enough to be included in the analysis (the ones chosen here were far more cited than any other possible document).

These are the documents added to the analysis: Indian Council of Medical Research, ART Regulation Bill Draft 2010, India3. Confederation of Indian Industry, India Healthcare: inspiring possibilities, challenging journey, India4. Indian Council of Medical Research, Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on human participants, India SAMA, Resource Group for Women and Health, Constructing Conceptions: the mapping of ART in India, India5. SAMA, Resource Group for Women and Health, Birthing a Market: a study on commercial surrogacy, India

3 Icmr http://www.icmr.nic.in/

4 Cii http://www.cii.in/

5 SAMA http://www.samawomens health.org/

114

CITED DOCUMENTS

IND IA HEALTHCARE: INSPIRING POS SIBILIT IE S, CHALLENGING JOUR N E Y / CII A RT R EG U L AT I O N B I L L DR A FT 201 0 / I C MR

ETHICAL G U IDE L IN E S FO R BIOME DICAL RE SE ARCH O N HUMAN PART ICIPANTS / ICMR

BIRT H ING A MARKE T SAMA

SU RRO G AT E MOT H E RH O O D: E T H ICAL O R CO MME RCIAL / CSR

RE P O RT 2 2 8 / L AW CO MMIS SIO N O F IN DIA

OS SERVATORI O SUL TURI SMO P ROCREATI VO

CU RRE NT P RAT ICE IN AS SIST E D RE P RO DUCT IO N / WHO

115

A RT RE GU L AT I ON B I L L D RA F T 2 0 1 0 / I CM R

HUMAN F ERTI LI SATI ON AND EMB RI OLOGY ACT / UK GOV

LEGGE 40 / 20 0 4 / I T GOV

DAILY N EWSPAP ERS

MAG AZ IN ES

I ND I A H E A LT H CA RE : I NS P I RI NG P OS S I B I L I T I E S , CH A L L E NGI NG J OU RNE Y / CI I

C L IN IC S & DOC TORS ORG AN IZAT ION S

CU RRE NT P RAT I CE I N A S S I ST E D RE P ROD UCT I ON / WORL D H E A LT H ORGA NI ZAT I ON

G OVERN MENT AC T IVISTS H U M A N F E RT I L I S AT I ON A ND E M B RI OLOGY ACT / U K GOV

A RT RE GU L AT I ON B I L L D RA F T 2 0 1 0 / I CM R

DAILY N EWSPAP ERS I ND I A H E A LT H CA RE : I NS P I RI NG P OS S I B I L I T I E S , CH A L L E NGI NG J OU RNE Y / CI I

MAG AZ IN ES

E T H I CA L GU I D E L I NE S FOR B I OM E D I CA L RE S E A RCH ON H U M A N PA RT I CI PA NTS / I CM R

B I RT H I NG A M A RK E T SAMA RE P ORT 2 2 8 / L AW COM M I S S I ON OF I ND I A C L IN IC S & DOC TORS ORG AN IZAT ION S

S U RROGAT E M OT H E RH OOD : E T H I CA L OR COM M E RCI A L / CS R

G OVERN MENT AC T IVISTS ENC YC LOP EDIA

DA ILY N E W S PA PE R S

MAGA ZINE S

CLINICS & DO CTO RS

GOV E RNME NT O RGA NIZATIO NS

AG ENC I ES UN I VERSI T Y & SC I ENT I F I C C O M M UN I T Y

ENC YC LO P ED I A AC T I VI STS

3 Icmr http://www.icmr.nic.in/

4 Cii http://www.cii.in/

5 SAMA http://www.samawomens health.org/

116

6 Law commission of India http://lawcommissiono findia.nic.in/health.org/ 7 CSR http://www.csrindia.org/

8 WHO http://www.who.int/en/

9 Osservatorio sul Turismo http://genitoriallester. altervista.org/ 10 Italian government http://www.italia.gov.it/ 11 British government https://www.gov.uk/

12 Visualization on page 120

13 Controversies emerge when things and ideas that were taken for granted start to be questioned and discussed. Tommaso Venturini

CITED DOCUMENTS

Law Commission of India, Report 228: Need for legislation to regulate ART Clinics as well as rights and obligations of parties to a surrogacy, India6. Centre for Social Research , Surrogate Motherhood: Ethical or commercial, India7. World Health Organization, Assisted Reproduction in developing countries facing up to the issues, International8. World Health Organization, Current Practises and controversies in Assisted Reproduction, International. Osservatorio sul Turismo Procreativo, Report dell'Osservatorio sul Turismo procreativo, Italy9. Italian Government, Legge 40/2004, Italy 10. British Government, Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, United Kingdom 11. It was assumed that whenever an important or official document was directly cited, that had to be a declaration of what actors think. All these documents were then searched and downloaded, and each one of this documents has been assigned to its country of origin. On each one was also performed a SVEN analysis (or Issue Discovery analysis, for italian ones) to find the most important words, with the same kind of process followed for the semantic analysis of the domains (which can be found in this same chapter). Furtherly, it was possible to associate each actors' category of each domain to the document it cited, because during the tagging process it was kept detailed trace of who cited what (or whom). All this information was combined in the visualizations that you can see, which can trigger many interpretations. All this led to some interesting results, that may have many more interpretations (which we want to leave, as usual, to the readers):

CITED DOCUMENTS

Indian documentation (and so its main words and topics) is the most cited of all; The american domain cites quite only indian documentation, with the exception of a little citation of UK's law; The indian domain talks only about its own documentation, and interestingly so does UK; The Italian domain interestingly talks about almost every important document listed; In every domain the most citing actors are the media. In India, USA and UK the most active are Daily Newspapers, while in Italy the most active media are Magazines; The ART Regulation Bill Draft 2010 written by the Indian Council of Medical Research is the most cited document of all. Followed right after by Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on human participants always by the ICMR; Important entities of the texts were very variegated, though they share many semantic spheres. Just like macroactors' categories seen in this same chapter. This analysis has generally been interesting to better understand also the correlations and relationships between the actors of the controversy: talking about the exact same things results anyhow in having topics in common, which is another important step towards the definition of positions inside the controversy. It gives a pretty accurate view of the most important themes cited in every domain by different actors.

117

A RT RE GU L AT I ON B I L L D RA F T 2 0 1 0 / I CM R DAILY N EWSPAP ERS

I ND I A H E A LT H CA RE : I NS P I RI NG P OS S I B I L I T I E S , CH A L L E NGI NG J OU RNE Y / CI I

MAG AZ IN ES

E T H I CA L GU I D E L I NE S FOR B I OM E D I CA L RE S E A RCH ON H U M A N PA RT I CI PA NTS / I CM R

B I RT H I NG A M A RK E T SAMA

C L IN IC S & DOC TORS ORG AN IZAT ION S G OVERN MENT

RE P ORT 2 2 8 / L AW COM M I S S I ON OF I ND I A S U RROGAT E M OT H E RH OOD : E T H I CA L OR COM M E RCI A L / CS R

AC T IVISTS ENC YC LOP EDIA

A RT RE GU L AT I ON B I L L D RA F T 2 0 1 0 / I CM R

DAILY N EWSPAP ERS E T H I CA L GU I D E L I NE S FOR B I OM E D I CA L RE S E A RCH ON H U M A N PA RT I CI PA NTS / I CM R MAG AZ IN ES

After all the steps seen before, it was possible to create a complete cosmography of opinions about the topic. This visualization12 is aimed to give a complete overview of what everyone says about surrogacy and surrogacy in India and covers the whole range of possibilities found through the research process on the corpus13. It has been crafted by hand after the precious work made in the semantic analysis phase, that let our team to perform a wise categorization of opinions found while reading and tagging the original corpus and its integrations.

S U RROGAT E M OT H E RH OOD : E T H I CA L OR COM M E RCI A L / CS R C L IN IC S & DOC TORS ORG AN IZAT ION S G OVERN MENT UN IVERSIT Y & SC IENT IF IC C OMMUN IT Y AG ENC IES AC T IVISTS

CU RRE NT P RAT I CE I N A S S I ST E D RE P ROD UCT I ON / WORL D H E A LT H ORGA NI ZAT I ON OS S E RVATORI O S U L T U RI S M O P ROCRE AT I VO L E GGE 4 0 /2 0 0 4 / I T GOV H U M A N F E RT I L I S AT I ON A ND E M B RI OLOGY ACT / U K GOV

116

6 Law commission of India http://lawcommissiono findia.nic.in/health.org/ 7 CSR http://www.csrindia.org/

8 WHO http://www.who.int/en/

9 Osservatorio sul Turismo http://genitoriallester. altervista.org/ 10 Italian government http://www.italia.gov.it/ 11 British government https://www.gov.uk/

12 Visualization on page 120

13 Controversies emerge when things and ideas that were taken for granted start to be questioned and discussed. Tommaso Venturini

CITED DOCUMENTS

117

A RT RE GU L AT I ON B I L L D RA F T 2 0 1 0 / I CM R DAILY N EWSPAP ERS

I ND I A H E A LT H CA RE : I NS P I RI NG P OS S I B I L I T I E S , CH A L L E NGI NG J OU RNE Y / CI I

MAG AZ IN ES

E T H I CA L GU I D E L I NE S FOR B I OM E D I CA L RE S E A RCH ON H U M A N PA RT I CI PA NTS / I CM R

B I RT H I NG A M A RK E T SAMA

C L IN IC S & DOC TORS ORG AN IZAT ION S G OVERN MENT

RE P ORT 2 2 8 / L AW COM M I S S I ON OF I ND I A S U RROGAT E M OT H E RH OOD : E T H I CA L OR COM M E RCI A L / CS R

AC T IVISTS ENC YC LOP EDIA

A RT RE GU L AT I ON B I L L D RA F T 2 0 1 0 / I CM R

DAILY N EWSPAP ERS E T H I CA L GU I D E L I NE S FOR B I OM E D I CA L RE S E A RCH ON H U M A N PA RT I CI PA NTS / I CM R MAG AZ IN ES

S U RROGAT E M OT H E RH OOD : E T H I CA L OR COM M E RCI A L / CS R C L IN IC S & DOC TORS ORG AN IZAT ION S G OVERN MENT UN IVERSIT Y & SC IENT IF IC C OMMUN IT Y AG ENC IES AC T IVISTS

120

COSMOGRAPHY

121 YES SURROGACY

NO SURROGACY

IMPARTIAL

YES SURROGACY BUT

YES SURROGACY IN INDIA

IMPARTIAL

NO SURROGACY IN INDIA

YES SURROGACY IN INDIA BUT

It violates children’s rights Motherhood is sacred It’s unnatural Against religion It’s just a way to avoid pain

help single help gay people

Life is not for sale

help against infertility

One can choose the embryo(s)

Lets HIV infected people to have children

Unethical

Lets one have a biological child

It’s a dehumanized prostitution

Lets one choose the genetic traits You are served by great doctors and structures Lets one have a family It is just a job Better than adoption

mothers’ age

Generates legal problems

Needs international regulamentation

Dangerous for health

Not for gays and singles

Against women’s rights

Depends on regulamentation

Not for LGBT people

Needs regulamentation of commercial surrogacy

Psychological problems for surrogate mothers

IMPARTIAL

YES BUT

IMPARTIAL YES SURROGACY

NO SURROGACY YES SURROGACY IN INDIA

NO SURROGACY IN INDIA

YES BUT Helps poor women Helps single people Helps gay people Helps against infertility Lets HIV infected people to have children It’s convenient: not expensive It has religious approval Good for indian business It’s a win-win situation You are served by great doctors and structures It’s an emancipation method for surrogate mothers Lets one have a family Lets one choose the baby from a database As long as it follows ICMR guidelines As long as it’s legal As long as intended parents’ name is in birth certificate House of surrogates are good Lets one have a biological child It is just a job

It’s exploitation of poor, uneducated women Needs regulamentation The ART Bill must be rewritten The ART Bill must become a law

Creates psychological problems to surrogate mothers Women’s rights are not respected Citizenship problems

Must be also for gays and singles

Creates psychological problems to babies

Not for gays and single people

Children’s rights are not respected

More protection for surrogate mothers

It shouldn’t generate a business

It should require the Medical VISA

It’s dangerous for women

It shouldn’t require the Medical VISA

Causes social stigma

Just for countries where surrogacy is legal There’s no law to protect surrogates Only in certified clinics Need to consider phisical/emotional implications There must be a contract easy to understand As long as intended parents’ name is in birth certificate Surrogate mother must be single Surrogate mother must sign permission for passport Need to protect children’s rights Need to regulate all the services elated to surrogacy

Life is not for sale It has no religious approval Not right for LGBT people It has legal problems It generates financial problems It generates ethical problems One can choose the embryo(s) House of surrogates are unethical

Ethic/Religion Ethical/ ReligionSphere Sphere Family Sphere

Family Sphere Medical Sphere

Medical Sphere Woman Sphere

Woman Sphere Commercial Sphere

Commercial Sphere Legislative Sphere Sphere Legislative

120

COSMOGRAPHY

121 YES SURROGACY

NO SURROGACY

IMPARTIAL

YES SURROGACY BUT

YES SURROGACY IN INDIA

IMPARTIAL

NO SURROGACY IN INDIA

YES SURROGACY IN INDIA BUT

It violates children’s rights Motherhood is sacred It’s unnatural Against religion It’s just a way to avoid pain

help single help gay people

Life is not for sale

help against infertility

One can choose the embryo(s)

Lets HIV infected people to have children

Unethical

Lets one have a biological child

It’s a dehumanized prostitution

Lets one choose the genetic traits You are served by great doctors and structures Lets one have a family It is just a job Better than adoption

mothers’ age

Generates legal problems

Needs international regulamentation

Dangerous for health

Not for gays and singles

Against women’s rights

Depends on regulamentation

Not for LGBT people

Needs regulamentation of commercial surrogacy

Psychological problems for surrogate mothers

IMPARTIAL

YES BUT

IMPARTIAL YES SURROGACY

NO SURROGACY YES SURROGACY IN INDIA

NO SURROGACY IN INDIA

It’s exploitation of poor, uneducated women Needs regulamentation The ART Bill must be rewritten The ART Bill must become a law

Creates psychological problems to surrogate mothers Women’s rights are not respected Citizenship problems

Must be also for gays and singles

Creates psychological problems to babies

Not for gays and single people

Children’s rights are not respected

More protection for surrogate mothers

It shouldn’t generate a business

It should require the Medical VISA

It’s dangerous for women

It shouldn’t require the Medical VISA

Causes social stigma

Ethic/Religion Ethical/ ReligionSphere Sphere Family Sphere

Family Sphere Medical Sphere

Medical Sphere Woman Sphere

Woman Sphere Commercial Sphere

Commercial Sphere Legislative Sphere Sphere Legislative

     

position about surrogacy in India

33 54 19 10 4

18 44 15 3 1

7 17 6

6 29 2

2 6 2

7 48

8 1 1 1

7 2 3

1 10 1

4 24 4

26 38 16 8

9 31 5 1 2

21 23 21

6 33 4 1 1

4 5 4

1 32 1

23 21 23

31 55 16 8 5

15 47 11 4

8 28 7

6 29 3 1

5 12 3 1

5 39 2 2

6 10 5

1 10 1

3 19 3

19 35 2 3 10

38 52 7 7 11

7 35 1

2 9

2 12

3 3 3

9 31 2

1 2 1 1

Daily Newspapers Magazines Doctors & Clinics Organizations Governments Uni & Scientific comm. Agencies Activists Personal Experiences

Daily Newspapers Magazines Doctors & Clinics Organizations Governments Uni & Scientific comm. Agencies Activists Personal Experiences .COM

.co.IN

Daily Newspapers Magazines Doctors & Clinics Organizations Governments Uni & Scientific comm. Agencies Activists Personal Experiences .co.UK

.IT

Psyc h ol ogi c al probl e m s f or su r rogat e m ot h e r s

Not f or L GBT pe opl e

A gai n st w om e n ’s r i gh t s

D an ge rou s f or h e al t h

Ge n e r at e s l e gal probl e m s

I t ’s a de h u m an i ze d prost i t u t i on

Un e t h i c al

On e c an c h oose t h e e m br yo( s)

L i f e i s n ot f or sal e

NO SURROGACY IN INDIA

I t ’s j u st a w ay t o avoi d pai n

A gai n st re l i gi on

I t ’s u n n at u r al

M ot h e r h ood i s sac re d

I t vi ol at e s c h i l dre n ’s r i gh t s

Hou se of su r rogat e s are u n e t h i c al

On e c an c h oose t h e e m br yo( s)

I t ge n e r at e s e t h i c al probl e m s

I t ge n e r at e s f i n an c i al probl e m s

I t h as l e gal probl e m s

Not r i gh t f or L GBT pe opl e

I t h as n o re l i gi ou s approval

L i f e i s n ot f or sal e

Th e re ’s n o l aw t o prot e c t su r rogat e s

C au se s soc i al st i gm a

I t ’s dan ge rou s f or w om e n

I t sh ou l dn ’t ge n e r at e a bu si n e ss

C h i l dre n ’s r i gh t s are n ot re spe c t e d

YES IN INDIA BUT

C re at e s psyc h ol ogi c al probl e m s t o babi e s

C i t i ze n sh i p probl e m s

Wome n ’s r i gh t s are n ot re spe c t e d

C re at e s psyc h ol ogi c al probl e m s t o su r rogat e m ot h e r s

I t ’s e x pl oi t at i on of poor, u n e du c at e d w om e n

Ne e d t o re gu l at e al l t h e se r vi c e s re l at e d t o su r rogac y

DOMAINS POSITIONING

Ne e d t o prot e c t c h i l dre n ’s r i gh t s

S u r rogat e m ot h e r m u st si gn pe r m i ssi on f or passpor t

S u r rogat e m ot h e r m u st be si n gl e

A s l on g as i n t e n de d pare n t s’ n am e i s i n bi r t h c e r t i f i c at e

Th e re m u st be a c on t r ac t e asy t o u n de r st an d

Ne e d t o c on si de r ph i si c al /e m ot i on al i m pl i c at i on s

On l y i n c e r t i f i e d c l i n i c s

Ju st f or c ou n t r i e s w h e re su r rogac y i s l e gal

I t sh ou l dn ’t re qu i re t h e M e d i c al V I S A

I t sh ou l d re qu i re t h e M e d i c al V I S A

YES SURROGACY IN INDIA

M ore prot e c t i on f or su r rogat e m ot h e r s

DOMAINS POSITIONING

Not f or gays an d si n gl e pe opl e

M u st be al so f or gays an d si n gl e s

Th e A R T Bi l l m u st be c om e a l aw

Th e A R T Bi l l m u st be re w r i t t e n

Ne e ds re gu l am e n t at i on

I t i s j u st a j ob

L e t s on e h ave a bi ol ogi c al c h i l d

Hou se of su r rogat e s are good

A s l on g as i n t e n de d pare n t s’ n am e i s i n bi r t h c e r t i f i c at e

A s l on g as i t ’s l e gal

A s l on g as i t f ol l ow s I C M R gu i de l i n e s

L e t s on e c h oose t h e baby f rom a dat abase

L e t s on e h ave a f am i l y

I t ’s an e m an c i pat i on m e t h od f or su r rogat e m ot h e r s

You are se r ve d by gre at doc t or s an d st r u c t u re s

I t ’s a w i n - w i n si t u at i on

Good f or i n d i an bu si n e ss

I t h as re l i gi ou s approval

YES BUT

I t ’s c on ve n i e n t : n ot e x pe n si ve

L e t s HI V i n f e c t e d pe opl e t o h ave c h i l dre n

He l ps agai n st i n f e r t i l i t y

He l ps gay pe opl e

He l ps si n gl e pe opl e

He l ps poor w om e n

Ne e ds re gu l am e n t at i on of c om m e rc i al su r rogac y

D e pe n ds on re gu l am e n t at i on

Not f or gays an d si n gl e s

YES SURROGACY

Ne e ds i n t e r n at i on al re gu l am e n t at i on

Be t t e r t h an adopt i on

I t i s j u st a j ob

L e t s on e h ave a f am i l y

You are se r ve d by gre at doc t or s an d st r u c t u re s

L e t s on e c h oose t h e baby f rom a dat abase

L e t s on e h ave a bi ol ogi c al c h i l d

L e t s HI V i n f e c t e d pe opl e t o h ave c h i l dre n

He l ps agai n st i n f e r t i l i t y

Ratio between the number of times an argument is discussed by the articles in a category and the number of articles of that category

He l ps gay pe opl e

He l ps si n gl e pe opl e

  

122 123 NO SURROGACY

     

position about surrogacy in India

33 54 19 10 4

18 44 15 3 1

7 17 6

6 29 2

2 6 2

7 48

8 1 1 1

7 2 3

1 10 1

4 24 4

26 38 16 8

9 31 5 1 2

21 23 21

6 33 4 1 1

4 5 4

1 32 1

23 21 23

31 55 16 8 5

15 47 11 4

8 28 7

6 29 3 1

5 12 3 1

5 39 2 2

6 10 5

1 10 1

3 19 3

19 35 2 3 10

38 52 7 7 11

7 35 1

2 9

2 12

3 3 3

9 31 2

1 2 1 1

Daily Newspapers Magazines Doctors & Clinics Organizations Governments Uni & Scientific comm. Agencies Activists Personal Experiences

Daily Newspapers Magazines Doctors & Clinics Organizations Governments Uni & Scientific comm. Agencies Activists Personal Experiences .COM

.co.IN

Daily Newspapers Magazines Doctors & Clinics Organizations Governments Uni & Scientific comm. Agencies Activists Personal Experiences .co.UK

.IT

Psyc h ol ogi c al probl e m s f or su r rogat e m ot h e r s

Not f or L GBT pe opl e

A gai n st w om e n ’s r i gh t s

D an ge rou s f or h e al t h

Ge n e r at e s l e gal probl e m s

I t ’s a de h u m an i ze d prost i t u t i on

Un e t h i c al

On e c an c h oose t h e e m br yo( s)

L i f e i s n ot f or sal e

NO SURROGACY IN INDIA

I t ’s j u st a w ay t o avoi d pai n

A gai n st re l i gi on

I t ’s u n n at u r al

M ot h e r h ood i s sac re d

I t vi ol at e s c h i l dre n ’s r i gh t s

Hou se of su r rogat e s are u n e t h i c al

On e c an c h oose t h e e m br yo( s)

I t ge n e r at e s e t h i c al probl e m s

I t ge n e r at e s f i n an c i al probl e m s

I t h as l e gal probl e m s

Not r i gh t f or L GBT pe opl e

I t h as n o re l i gi ou s approval

L i f e i s n ot f or sal e

Th e re ’s n o l aw t o prot e c t su r rogat e s

C au se s soc i al st i gm a

I t ’s dan ge rou s f or w om e n

I t sh ou l dn ’t ge n e r at e a bu si n e ss

C h i l dre n ’s r i gh t s are n ot re spe c t e d

YES IN INDIA BUT

C re at e s psyc h ol ogi c al probl e m s t o babi e s

C i t i ze n sh i p probl e m s

Wome n ’s r i gh t s are n ot re spe c t e d

C re at e s psyc h ol ogi c al probl e m s t o su r rogat e m ot h e r s

I t ’s e x pl oi t at i on of poor, u n e du c at e d w om e n

Ne e d t o re gu l at e al l t h e se r vi c e s re l at e d t o su r rogac y

DOMAINS POSITIONING

Ne e d t o prot e c t c h i l dre n ’s r i gh t s

S u r rogat e m ot h e r m u st si gn pe r m i ssi on f or passpor t

S u r rogat e m ot h e r m u st be si n gl e

A s l on g as i n t e n de d pare n t s’ n am e i s i n bi r t h c e r t i f i c at e

Th e re m u st be a c on t r ac t e asy t o u n de r st an d

Ne e d t o c on si de r ph i si c al /e m ot i on al i m pl i c at i on s

On l y i n c e r t i f i e d c l i n i c s

Ju st f or c ou n t r i e s w h e re su r rogac y i s l e gal

I t sh ou l dn ’t re qu i re t h e M e d i c al V I S A

I t sh ou l d re qu i re t h e M e d i c al V I S A

YES SURROGACY IN INDIA

M ore prot e c t i on f or su r rogat e m ot h e r s

DOMAINS POSITIONING

Not f or gays an d si n gl e pe opl e

M u st be al so f or gays an d si n gl e s

Th e A R T Bi l l m u st be c om e a l aw

Th e A R T Bi l l m u st be re w r i t t e n

Ne e ds re gu l am e n t at i on

I t i s j u st a j ob

L e t s on e h ave a bi ol ogi c al c h i l d

Hou se of su r rogat e s are good

A s l on g as i n t e n de d pare n t s’ n am e i s i n bi r t h c e r t i f i c at e

A s l on g as i t ’s l e gal

A s l on g as i t f ol l ow s I C M R gu i de l i n e s

L e t s on e c h oose t h e baby f rom a dat abase

L e t s on e h ave a f am i l y

I t ’s an e m an c i pat i on m e t h od f or su r rogat e m ot h e r s

You are se r ve d by gre at doc t or s an d st r u c t u re s

I t ’s a w i n - w i n si t u at i on

Good f or i n d i an bu si n e ss

I t h as re l i gi ou s approval

YES BUT

I t ’s c on ve n i e n t : n ot e x pe n si ve

L e t s HI V i n f e c t e d pe opl e t o h ave c h i l dre n

He l ps agai n st i n f e r t i l i t y

He l ps gay pe opl e

He l ps si n gl e pe opl e

He l ps poor w om e n

Ne e ds re gu l am e n t at i on of c om m e rc i al su r rogac y

D e pe n ds on re gu l am e n t at i on

Not f or gays an d si n gl e s

YES SURROGACY

Ne e ds i n t e r n at i on al re gu l am e n t at i on

Be t t e r t h an adopt i on

I t i s j u st a j ob

L e t s on e h ave a f am i l y

You are se r ve d by gre at doc t or s an d st r u c t u re s

L e t s on e c h oose t h e baby f rom a dat abase

L e t s on e h ave a bi ol ogi c al c h i l d

L e t s HI V i n f e c t e d pe opl e t o h ave c h i l dre n

He l ps agai n st i n f e r t i l i t y

Ratio between the number of times an argument is discussed by the articles in a category and the number of articles of that category

He l ps gay pe opl e

He l ps si n gl e pe opl e

  

122 123 NO SURROGACY

Italy ITALY

1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 ta d o su rr

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

FACTS

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ARTICLE S S OU RC E : LA RE P U BBLI C A

2013 2014

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S s h su up akr rr po uh og rt K ac s ah n y

SR p ub Pr lic Va e at g mi io he la n la d ie s

A 4t RT h B D IL R L A FT A R R T E G C IS LI A TR N R Y IC T S B IL L

4 enIsra ie el d ic o

2013

C A AL B I 12 FO 17 RN

2012

2011

L “T .M he . S B tei ab n y er’ C s ha se

2010

E ag U ai let ns te t r su rr

2009

S A C am on a 3r RT st d B ru D IL R L ct A in Su FT g Pa s h co d n m ie d nc s ey a ep ti on

y Da M le a m i nji be g ay ca rg s co e cas e up le ca se B al az ca se el

2008

2007

R nr EP . O 22 R 8 T

A 2n RT d B D IL R L A FT

A 1s RT t B D IL R L A FT

S LE UR G RO A G L IN AC IN Y D IA

2006

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I c sr d ou ael oc p i um le ga en de y ts nie d

2005

d O rP p a ra te h l W go in e fr s ey to Sh ow

ilh

2004

S O UR V R ER O SE GA A CY S A C T

H RE FE V A IS C IO T N

“F

“ C Ch ho o ri ri ”

f p irst ai d wo fo m r a su n rr og

B co io nv eth en ic ti s on

2003

s LG urr B og T a co cy up le le ga s lf o

M p c A ub Kin he li s ad sh ey ed & Th co e . Ro a

M B ar uz r za iag nc e a of ca se

FACTS

2002

2001

TIMELINE

“ Su Ho rr us og e at Of es ”

S IL UR C LE R Jo al G OG ca h ve A A se ns rt L C on a IN Y nd N Y M M M a M cD o rri cD o sc ag on na he e al lds tta of d v ca s . se ca se

TIMELINE

T g ri s ra bu th on nt na ro b s c le ug or it d h n a ize i N su b ns ap rr ro hi o og ad p li to ac y

FACTS s b ur ab ab ro ro y b ga ad o te r is n le g

LawEVENTS events LAW

2000

L 40 EG /2 G 00 E 4

1998

S A UR C R T . A RR S A UR A C R N T . G A . RR A N G .

S A UR C R T .

B 23 04 ab M y ca S LJ s 26 e ca 35 se N A at g io S ai n 32 ns a 00 t lC Su o a rr li og ti A o ac n B y 21 00 A Pa do ul pt ca io se n o f B

1996

1994

1992

f su aile rv d ey a b fo ro r g Le at g io g n e 40

FACTS

1990

ill

LawEVENTS events LAW

1988

b f ir in irst th In IV of d F ia b

1986

S A UR C R T . A RR S A UR A C R N T . G A . RR A N G .

1984

Law events LAW EVENTS D

UK U.K.

1982

S b er ak eg er n ca o se

LawEVENTS events LAW S A UR C R T .

California CALIFORNIA New York NEW YORK 37

India INDIA

1980

1978

GLOBAL EVENTS b fi irt rs h t o IV f F b

126 127 2014

University & Scientific Community

Google Tre n d f o r S u r ro g a c y

ARTICLE S S OU RC E : T HE HI N DU

Google Tre n d f o r S u r ro g a c y

ARTICLE S S OU RC E : T HE N Y T I M E S

Google Tre n d f o r S u r ro g a c y

ARTICLE S S OU RC E : T HE GU A RDIA N

Google Tre n d f o r U t e ro I n A ff i t t o

Italy ITALY

1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 ta d o su rr

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

FACTS

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ARTICLE S S OU RC E : LA RE P U BBLI C A

2013 2014

sc up

up se

co ca

”

S s h su up akr rr po uh og rt K ac s ah n y

SR p ub Pr lic Va e at g mi io he la n la d ie s

A 4t RT h B D IL R L A FT A R R T E G C IS LI A TR N R Y IC T S B IL L

4 enIsra ie el d ic o

2013

C A AL B I 12 FO 17 RN

2012

2011

L “T .M he . S B tei ab n y er’ C s ha se

2010

E ag U ai let ns te t r su rr

2009

S A C am on a 3r RT st d B ru D IL R L ct A in Su FT g Pa s h co d n m ie d nc s ey a ep ti on

y Da M le a m i nji be g ay ca rg s co e cas e up le ca se B al az ca se el

2008

2007

R nr EP . O 22 R 8 T

A 2n RT d B D IL R L A FT

A 1s RT t B D IL R L A FT

S LE UR G RO A G L IN AC IN Y D IA

2006

M M ad ov e ie in

l”

I c sr d ou ael oc p i um le ga en de y ts nie d

2005

d O rP p a ra te h l W go in e fr s ey to Sh ow

ilh

2004

S O UR V R ER O SE GA A CY S A C T

H RE FE V A IS C IO T N

“F

“ C Ch ho o ri ri ”

f p irst ai d wo fo m r a su n rr og

B co io nv eth en ic ti s on

2003

s LG urr B og T a co cy up le le ga s lf o

M p c A ub Kin he li s ad sh ey ed & Th co e . Ro a

M B ar uz r za iag nc e a of ca se

FACTS

2002

2001

TIMELINE

“ Su Ho rr us og e at Of es ”

S IL UR C LE R Jo al G OG ca h ve A A se ns rt L C on a IN Y nd N Y M M M a M cD o rri cD o sc ag on na he e al lds tta of d v ca s . se ca se

TIMELINE

T g ri s ra bu th on nt na ro b s c le ug or it d h n a ize i N su b ns ap rr ro hi o og ad p li to ac y

FACTS s b ur ab ab ro ro y b ga ad o te r is n le g

LawEVENTS events LAW

2000

L 40 EG /2 G 00 E 4

1998

S A UR C R T . A RR S A UR A C R N T . G A . RR A N G .

S A UR C R T .

B 23 04 ab M y ca S LJ s 26 e ca 35 se N A at g io S ai n 32 ns a 00 t lC Su o a rr li og ti A o ac n B y 21 00 A Pa do ul pt ca io se n o f B

1996

1994

1992

f su aile rv d ey a b fo ro r g Le at g io g n e 40

FACTS

1990

ill

LawEVENTS events LAW

1988

b f ir in irst th In IV of d F ia b

1986

S A UR C R T . A RR S A UR A C R N T . G A . RR A N G .

1984

Law events LAW EVENTS D

UK U.K.

1982

S b er ak eg er n ca o se

LawEVENTS events LAW S A UR C R T .

California CALIFORNIA New York NEW YORK 37

India INDIA

1980

1978

GLOBAL EVENTS b fi irt rs h t o IV f F b

126 127 2014

University & Scientific Community

Google Tre n d f o r S u r ro g a c y

ARTICLE S S OU RC E : T HE HI N DU

Google Tre n d f o r S u r ro g a c y

ARTICLE S S OU RC E : T HE N Y T I M E S

Google Tre n d f o r S u r ro g a c y

ARTICLE S S OU RC E : T HE GU A RDIA N

Google Tre n d f o r U t e ro I n A ff i t t o

T E R M S A N A LY S I S

RE SEARCH FINDINGS FIN AL REMARKS

129

The aim of this work was to understand the dynamics that regulate the perception of the phenomenon of fertility tourism. It all started with a question: different cultures influence how the same practice is perceived? While exploring the topic, the team stumbled upon the phenomenon of fertility tourism (especially in India), that looked exactly like a way for different cultures to cross national opinions about surrogacy, and it would have been interesting to analyze this "blending". The process you saw in this report led to many interesting results that may lighten up the hidden focal points of this controversy. The team would like to share some of the findings made in the last and most structured parts of the work that are considered to be interesting (as much as leaving and encouraging further interpretations to the readers): The role of media in the equation is extremely important. They seem to be leading the opinion of the mass by showing something to the world and, as for the Nayna Patel case, for example, distorting the perception of the topic: dr Patel seems to be the only surrogacy doctor in India, while very many more clinics exist; The controversy seems to be on an

international level, more than at local level. Opinions vary quite considerably from country to country (although with points in common), and not very much inside every single country. This might be due to cultural heritage. This is so rooted that it results also in different legislations. Where the practice of surrogacy is legal, the general opinion about surrogacy tourism in India is positive. While where the practice is illegal, opinions are more extreme and against the whole surrogacy phenomenon. When surrogacy (and surrogacy in India) is accepted the most recurrent position shared by the different domains (American, British and Indian) regard: the possibility for infertile people to have children too; the possibility for HIV positive people to have healthy children; the possibility, in general, for indian women to emancipate and have a better life while helping people in need, too. When surrogacy (and surrogacy in India) is not accepted the most recurrent position focuses on the theme of exploitation of poor indian women and the general theme of some kind of devious dehumanization of the pregnacy and therefore they define it as some sort of prostitution as well. We hope this work might be useful. We are positively convinced that much more can be understood through this work. From here on, we would like to leave it to you!

T E R M S A N A LY S I S

RE SEARCH FINDINGS FIN AL REMARKS

129