Harboring Izmir Mediterranean Academy Historical Documentation Elif Tamay Kübra Öztürk Ugur Namdar
Maps of Izmir Map Development Seashore Change
CONTENT
Common Typlogies Arasta Bedesten-Ferhane Havra Khans Mosques
Ethnic Variety in Smyrna Frank Street Great Fire in Izmir Fire map Before-During-After Intl. Competiton of Regional Planning
Chronological Maps of Izmir
1834
1860
1908
Transformation of the Shoreline
- First soil landfill was in 1700. - There was a need of land because of the new trade actions.
Transformation of the Shoreline
- In 1867, landfill of the shoreline. - In 1998, because of the traffic problems, shoreline has transformed again. - Economic rent
ArastaTypologies Lineer bazaar area with various shops, mostly with canopies
Precedents of Arasta
Misir Çarsisi, Istanbul
Arasta Bazaar, Sultanahmet, Istanbul
Ferhane Typologies A local typology of warehouse. Because of the density of custom houses, it is specific to Smyrna.
Khans Typologies Structure for the accommodation of passengers on the road or in the towns.
Khan, Smyrna
Bedesten
Typologies
Covered bazaars with multiple shops.
Kizlaragasi Han, Kemeralti
Havra (Synagogue) Typologies The house of worship and communal center of a Jewish congregation.
Algazi Synagogue, Kemeralti, 1724
Synagogues, Smyrna
Etcnic Variety of Smyrna
Examining the Street Patterns in Izmir in the 19th Century: A Network Based Spatial Analysis by Mert Cubukcu
Frank Street
- Frank Street was a well-known district of dwelling and business center. - This street has developped by merchants and trade actions. - Variety of people, ethnicity and commodity. - After the fire, Frank Street was demolished.
Frank Street
Frank Street view
Fasula Square
Frank Street
French Hospital, Frank Street
Bella Vista
Agia Fotini Church Frank Street Different church typology
St. George Church is an example of common church typology, Frank Street
Smyrna streets, buildings and monuments before its destruction in 1922, illustration by Stavros Wallachia
Khans of Ottoman Empire in Izmir Old Ottoman Custom Khans - 16th century - development of import and export - 18th century, to control of custom inspections - Not only in Harbor, also inner streets of the city lost their order - Re-arrangement of harbor, order re-gained with new khans and regulations.
Old Ottoman Market Khans - 16th century - development of import and export - 18th century, to raise economical income - Not only in Harbor, also inner streets of the city lost their order - Re-arrangement of harbor, order re-gained with new khans and regulations.
Old Harbor. Built in 1860s.
Izmir Gümrügü. 1890.
Maarif Han Custom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
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Built in late 19th century. Aim: Wood storage Material: Wood-Metal 2 storeys - Ground floor as cafe 58x7-5 m Burned in 1922 fire
Guiffray Han Custom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
Built in late 19th century. Aim: Grain storage + offices Material: Masonry stone - wooden roof 2 storeys Bigger than 3000m2 Deconstruction in 1980
Essayan HanCustom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
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Built in 19th century. Aim: Fabric storage-production Material: Masonry stone 2 storeys Deconstruction in late 20th century
Çakaloglu HanCustom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
- Built in late 18th century. - Aim: Coffeehouse + Religious + Offices + Storage + Commercial - Material: Masonry stone - 1 storey + added second storey - Deconstruction in late 20th century
Ismail Efendi Han Custom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
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Built in late 19th century. Aim: Storage + Merchant offices Material: Masonry stone 2 storeys 250 m2
Uzun Han Custom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
- Built in 19th century. - Aim: Coffeehouse + Barn + Offices + Storage + Commercial - Material: Wooden + brick - 2 storeys - Deconstruction in 1970’s
A.Aliotti HanCustom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
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Albert Aliotti Built in late 19th century. Aim: Offices + Storage + Commercial Material: Masonry stone 2 storeys Deconstruction in 1970’s 750 m2
Pirinรง HanCustom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
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Built before 1836-37 Aim: Storage (dried grapes) With courtyard, one storey Material: Mostly stone and brick Structure with dome and archway. 1900 m2
Sadik Bey Han Custom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
Built in late 19th century Two enterances, Two storey Material: Stone and brick arch floor Aim: Storage and commercial Deconstruction during the expanding the second Kordon Street
BĂźyĂźk Akasoglu HanCustom Khans
- Two storey, brick arch floor and two facades - Aim: Storage and banking - Deconstruction during the expanding the second Kordon Street - 800 m2 Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
Kancipanoglu HanCustom Khans
Goad C.H. Plan de Smyrne 1905
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Built after half of 19th century Four enterances and one storey Aim: Banking and storage Deconstruction in 1923 (estimated)
Esir HanMarket Khans
- Built in the 19th century. - Material: regularly cut stone, coarse-grained stone and brick - One storey, two enterances. Aim: Commercial
Kizlaragasi Han Market Khans
- Built by Haci Bacir Aga in 1744. - One of the oldest structures in the area. - The biggest and most magnificent khan of Izmir - Aim: Shopping and Accommodation.
Selvili Han Market Khans
- Built in the 18th century. - A large part of it was destroyed during the opening of Fevzi Pasa Boulevard.
Great Fire of Smyrna
- 13 Sept. - 22 Sept. 1922 - Happened 4 days after Turkish forces re-gained the city. - It started from the center and reached to the edge.
Smoke rising from Smyrna , 1922.
- 20-25 thousand buildings were burned. - Haci Franco, Ermeni Mahallesi, St. George Sokagi vanished by the fire. Smoke rising from Smyrna , 1922.
Panoramic view of fire in Smyrna , 1922.
fire in Smyrna , 1922.
fire in Smyrna , 1922.
Smyrna after fire , 1922.
Frank St. before and after fire , 1922.
The Evangelistria Church after fire
The Evangelistria Chruch was safe owing to surrounding wall after fire, 1922
St. Joseph School (19th century)
St. Joseph School after fire, 1922
Italian School before fire, built in 1908
Italian School before fire
Italian School after fire, 1922
Kordon and Italian School after fire, 1922
Sacre Coeur Chapel after fire , 1922.
Sacre Coeur Chapel now as a Techinal Highschool.
After the fire;
in 1920s - the partial urban plan made by RenĂŠ and Raymond DangĂŠr's brothers on completely burnt fields (such as Hermann Jansen in Ankara or Henri Proust in Istanbul.) - prepared a zoning plan like European cities - plan was not implemented because of the 1929 world economic crisis
Urban plan made by René and Raymond Dangér's brothers in 1925. - Bussiness, municipality buildings and residential parts mixed in city. - Boulvards creating perspective view either sea, Kadifekale or a monument. - Today’s city center morphology comes from it.
Izmir Economy Congress (1923) -
Held in Guiffray Khan. A storage building with 2 storeys and capacity of 7000 people. There were many pavillions displaying domestic goods. Demolished after 12 September military coup.
After the fire; (cont.) in 1930s - The "Modern" and "Turkish" architectural concepts - This new ideology, a brand new understanding on architecture and city planing - Public constructions. - Bornova Ziraat Mektebi - Behรงet Uz Hospital - Necmettin Emre's Gazi Elementary School (1933) - and more...
Revitalization of Izmir - Modernist approach on the urban scale. - Municipality’s effort to -
open up regular roads create squares, create large green spaces, parks. a cultural park on fire areas rebuild the city plan
invitation of Le Corbusier
national architecture
- Izmir was equipped with constructions reflecting Turkish characteristics and tried to create a contemporary city.
Gazi ilkokulu, Necmettin Emre, Alsancakcak (1934)
Prof. Rahmi Bey Evi, Necmettin Emre (1934)
- Green area: 420 thousand square meters - Over 55,000 square meters area and total 23,750 square meters indoor exhibition area - Izmir International Fair KĂźltĂźrpark (1936)
Kültürpark (1936)
TĂźrk Ocagi Binasi, Karatas (1925)
Izmir Devlet Tiyatrosu Konak Sahnesi (1925)
Elhamra Sinemasi (1924)
Izmir Devlet Opera ve Balesi (1924)
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Migration to the city. Lacking of infrastructure. An international competition. 1951 Izmir Sehri Milletler Arasi Imar Plani MĂźsabakasi, Izmir Imar Plani
Streets and parcels parallel to contour lines. - Functionalist approach / zoning - Kemeralti as a trade center (because of development commission trade center became Sarikisla) - Konak as a governence center. -
Prof. Kemal Ahmet Aru and his team won
The winner of the third prize was the architect Alexander Freiher
The winner of the second prize was the architect Rauf Beyru
Hisar Camii Typologies - Mosques
- It constructed by Aydinoglu Yakup Bey between 1592 and 1598. - Square plan, one central dome, six small domes, single minaret, stone. - Interior contains examples of Ottoman Islamic artwork.
Hisar Camii Typologies - Mosques
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Sadirvan Camii Typologies - Mosques
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Constructed by Biyiklioglu Mahmut between 1637-1638. Mosque is named because of the fountain located under it. Idea of putting sanctuary part on the top and shops on the bottom.(fevkani type) Single dome - Single minaret
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Sadirvan Camii Typologies - Mosques
Kestanepazari Camii Typologies - Mosques
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Constructed by Eminzade Haci Ahmet Aga at 1663. Damaged during the great fire and then restorated. 1 main and 3 secondary and 2 small domes - single minaret Large windows high domes - bright inner space.
Kestanepazari Camii Typologies - Mosques
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Basdurak Camii (Haci HĂźseyin) Typologies - Mosques
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Constructed at 1652. Fevkani type and mosque&market in relation Square plan, single minaret, one central dome, three small domes. Built with a medresa originally, but the medresa part was demolished afterwards.
Salepรงioglu CamiiTypologies - Mosques
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Built by Salepรงizade Haci Ahmed Aga and completed between 1897 and 1905. The upper mosque was designed as a medresa. Later, the medresa part was closed at 1924. Marble decoreted with geometric motifs not-directly connected minaret
Konak (Yali) Camii Typologies - Mosques
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Constructed at the 18th Century. Located in front of the Government Hall. One of the senior structures of Konak Square after the Watch Tower. Octagonal plan, brick and stone, single minaret, tile art
Konak (Yali) Camii Typologies - Mosques
- Took the name of the “waterside� because it was located at the sea side when it was built. - Restorated by Tahsin Sermet before the Liberation War.
Kemeralti CamiiTypologies - Mosques
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Constructed in the late 17th century. Built with a medresa originally, but the medresa part was demolished afterwards. Restorated in 1812 with the gypseries. (ornament with plaster) 1 main and 3 secondary and 3 small domes - single minaret
Atay, Ç. “Osmanli’dan Cumhuriyet’e Izmir Planlari” Yasar Eğitim ve Kültür Vakfi, Ankara 1998. Egercioglu, Yakup. “Revitalization of Ottoman Industrial Heritage in Kemeralti and Izmir” Izmir 2016. Frangakis-Syrett, Elena. "18. Yüzyil'da Izmir'de Ticaret (1700 - 1820)", s. 48, Izmir 2000. Sayar, Yasemin. “Geçmisin Modern Mimarligi Izmir” Retrieved March 05, 2017 from akitera.com Ülker, Necmi. "The Rise of Izmir", s. 107, Michigan 1974. Yaranga, Olaf. “19. Yüzyilin Ilk Yarisinda Fransiz Gezginlerin Anlatimlarinda Izmir", Izmir 2000. “15th-20th Century Economic Activities” Retrieved March 09, 2017 from travelogues.gr “Great Izmir Fire” Retrieved March 02,2017 from levantineheritage.com “Hanlar” Retrieved March 07, 2017 from izmirkulturturizm.gov.tr “Synagogues of Izmir” Retrieved March 09, 2017 from izmirjewishheritage.com
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