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Description Juvenile Justice 5th Edition By Kären – Test Bank Sample Questions Instant Download With Answers Chapter 3 Theories of Delinquency and Juvenile Offending TEST BANK – Chapter 3 (85 questions) Multiple Choice (25 questions)
1. The two theories that exist to explain the purpose of the law are: 2. strain theory and deviance theory 3. decency theory and inhumane theory 4. radical theory and dominant theory 5. consensus theory and conflict theory * PG: 67 OBJ: 2
2.
The theory that suggests individuals within a society agree on basic values is called: 3. decency theory 4. common theory 5. consensus theory * 6. dominant theory PG: 67 OBJ: 2
3. 4. 5. 6. d
Which of the following suggests that laws are established to keep the dominant class in power? conflict theory * consensus theory dominant theory common theory
PG: 68
4.
OBJ: 2
The Durkheimian perspective views punishment:
5. as 6. as 7. as 8. as PG: 67
revenge * an ineffective means to restore social order a short-term means to solidify social order unnecessary OBJ: 3
5. The Marxist perspective views punishment: 6. as a means to elevate the lower class 7. as a way to preserve the upper class * 8. as cruel and unjustified 9. as inhumane PG: 69 OBJ: 3
6. The two competing world views that exist regarding responsibility for crime are: 7. the pessimist view and the optimist view 8. the deterrence view and the offensive view 9. the classical view and the positivist view * 10. the consensus view and the dominance view PG: 69 OBJ: 4
7.
____________ ascertains character from physical features, especially the facial features. 8. Phrenology 9. Endomorphism 10. Symbiosis 11. Physiognomy * PG: 73 OBJ: 6
8. Psychological theories on crime primarily focus on: 9. intelligence and psychoanalysis * 10. mental and moral degeneration 11. body types predict predisposition to criminal behavior 12. retribution PG: 75 OBJ: 6
9. Biological theorists believe that: 10. environment impacts criminal behavior more than heredity 11. negative reinforcement is the strongest predictor of criminality 12. criminals are born, not made * 13. criminal behavior is reduced through extinction PG: 72 OBJ: 6
10. 11. 12.
Phrenology studies were sued to support the _______ theory. biological * psychological
13. sociological 14. critical PG: 73
OBJ: 6
11. Strain theory is classified as a: 12. biological theory 13. sociological theory * 14. psychological theory 15. phenomenological theory PG: 80 OBJ: 6
12. The social disorganization theory did NOT contend that 13. urban areas produce delinquency due to weak community controls 14. delinquency was passed down from one generation to the next 15. high residential turnover had little impact on social disorganization * 16. many different ethnic groups could key role in social disorganization PG: 78 OBJ: 6
13. 14.
The basis of the anomie or strain theory was that since most people strive for the American Dream and fall short, they experience a strain * 15. people who worked long hours in mills were physically strained, causing stress 16. people aren’t motivated by monetary gains in our society 17. owners of large mills needed to share in the physical work load during the Depression PG: 80 OBJ: 6
14.
Sutherland and Cressey (1939) proposed that the principal part of learning about criminal behavior occurs 15. when a person is victimized 16. when a family member is victimized 17. within intimate personal groups * 18. despite positive reinforcement PG: 82 OBJ: 6
15.
According to body type theories, the somatotype that corresponds to an “athletic, muscular, aggressive” personality is: 16. endomorphic 17. macromorphic 18. mesomorphic * 19. ectomorphic PG: 73 OBJ: 6
16. 17.
Crimes were originally differentiated as: mala prohibita
18. lex talonis 19. mala en se 20. a and c * PG: 66
OBJ: 1
17. Bohm explains that negative reinforcement 18. increases a stimulus that maintains a response 19. removes or reduces a stimulus * 20. does not employ aversion stimulus 21. seldom is effective to change behavior PG: 82 OBJ: 6
18. Social control theorists focus on 19. why people commit crime 20. why people hurt others 21. why people do not act unlawfully * 22. why people do not learn from consequences PG: 82 OBJ: 6
19.
Primary and secondary deviance are differentiated in which of the following theories? 20. labeling * 21. strain 22. differential association 23. social control PG: 83 OBJ: 6
20. A bond to society develops as a result of all EXCEPT 21. attachment to others 22. commitment and involvement in conventional activities 23. belief in the individual * 24. belief in moral order and law PG: 82 OBJ: 6
21. Labeling, conflict, and radical theory are examples of: 22. critical theories * 23. conflict theories 24. radical theories 25. dissociation theory PG: 83 OBJ: 6
22. 23. 24. 25.
When discussing theories and delinquency, which of the following is true? social control theory is the predominant explanation social learning theory is the predominant explanation a single theory is not sufficient to explain delinquency *
26. psychological theory is the predominant explanation PG: 84 OBJ: 7
23. In labeling theory, it is important to differentiate between: 24. primary deviance and secondary deviance * 25. social deviance and primary deviance 26. secondary deviance and psychological deviance 27. primary deviance and psychological deviance PG: 83 OBJ: 6
24. Conflict theory emphasizes which of the following? 25. how law is used as a means by which certain groups dominate others * 26. how education is used as a means to influence youth 27. how society is impacted by a variety of influences 28. how individuals positively resolve conflict PG: 68 OBJ: 2
25.
A motivated offender, suitable target, and a lack of a capable guardian are examples of which of the following theories? 26. social control 27. routine activity * 28. social disorganization 29. strain PG: 84 OBJ: 6
True/False (20 questions)
1.
According to Durkheim, crime is conduct “universally disapproved of by members of each society.” T PG: 67 OBJ: 3
2.
Acts considered immoral or wrong in themselves, such as murder and rape, are called mala prohibita. F PG: 66 OBJ: 1
3.
Consensus theory was expanded upon by the French historian and philosopher Charles de Montesquieu. T PG: 67 OBJ: 2
4.
Sutherland posited the proposition that criminal behavior is learned through imitation or modeling. T PG: 81 OBJ: 6
5. An example of conflict theory would be today’s vagrancy laws. T PG: 68 OBJ: 2
6.
Marx saw punishment as a way to diminish the power of the upper class and an inevitable result of capitalism. F PG: 69 OBJ: 3
7. A leader of the classical school was Cesare Beccaria. T PG: 70 OBJ: 5
8.
Robert Agnew suggested that a major goal of many adolescents is autonomy from adults. T PG: 81 OBJ: 6
9.
According to the general theory of crime, prior crime has no relationship to subsequent crime. F PG: 86 OBJ: 6
10.
Critical theories include labeling theory, conflict theory and social disorganization. F PG: 83 OBJ: 2
11. Classical theorists believed that delinquency was the result of free will. T PG: 70 OBJ: 4
12. The focus of the classical view of criminality is on the criminal. F PG: 70 OBJ: 5
13.
According to Messner and Rosenfeld, labeling theory calls attention to the interplay between social control and personal identity. T PG: 83 OBJ: 6
14. In the 1950s group counseling became common in most juvenile institutions. T PG: 72 OBJ: 6
15.
Physiognomy assigns character traits to physical features, especially facial features. T PG: 73 OBJ: 6
16. Proponents of the classical view advocate rehabilitation for offenders. F PG: 70 OBJ: 5
17.
A reasonable combination of theories should be considered when attempting to explain delinquency. T PG: 84 OBJ: 7
18.
Research indicates that identical twins were more likely to demonstrate concordance than were fraternal twins. T PG: 73 OBJ: 6
19. The focus of the positivist view of criminality is on the crime. F PG: 71 OBJ: 4 20. Social control theorists focus on why people commit crime. F PG: 82 OBJ: 6
Fill-in-the-blank/Short answer (20 questions)
1.
Acts that are considered immoral or wrong in and of themselves; for example, murder are called __________________. MALA IN SE PG: 66 OBJ: 1
2.
A person becomes delinquent because of a(n) _____________ favorable to the violation of law over definitions unfavorable to the violation of law. EXCESS OF DEFINITIONS PG: 82 OBJ: 6
3.
Two prominent theories about the underlying purpose of law are ____________ and __________. CONSENSUS, CONFLICT PG: 67 OBJ: 2
4.
This theory holds that individuals within a society agree on basic values ______________. CONSENSUS THEORY PG: 67 OBJ: 2
5.
The breakdown of societal norms as a result of society’s failure to distinguish between right and wrong is ________________. ANOMIE PG: 67 OBJ: 3
6.
Shaw and McKay’s ____________________theory contended that urban areas produced delinquency directly by generating a subculture of delinquency passé on from one generation to the next. SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION PG: 78 OBJ: 6
7.
Those acts prohibited because they infringe on others’ rights, not because they are necessarily considered evil by nature, such as having more than one wife, are called ___________. MALA PROHIBITA PG: 66 OBJ: 1
8.
The Durkheimian perspective sees punishment as revenge and as a way to ___________ and ____________ the social order. RESTORE, SOLIDIFY PG: 67 OBJ: 3
9.
Marx saw punishment as a way to enhance the ___________ of the upper class and an inevitable result of capitalism. POWER PG: 69 OBJ: 3
10.
Two distinct and opposing views exist as to whom or what is responsible for crime, the ______________ and the _________________. CLASSICAL, POSITIVIST PG: 70 OBJ: 4
11.
In labeling theory, _______________ is the initial criminal act and ______________ is accepting the criminal label. PRIMARY DEVIANCE, SECONDARY DEVIANCE PG: 83 OBJ: 6
12.
Lombroso believed that criminals were literally born not made; consequently, the primary cause of crime was ______________. BIOLOGICAL PG: 71 OBJ: 6
13.
The positivist world view holds that humans are shaped by their society and are the product of ___________and ____________ influences. ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL PG: 71 OBJ: 4
14.
Proponents of the positivist view advocate ____________ for offenders. REHABILITATION PG: 71 OBJ: 5
15.
_______________ views human behavior as the product of multiple environmental and cultural influences rather than a single factor. DETERMINISM PG: 71 OBJ: 5
16.
Theories about the causes of juvenile delinquency include biological, sociological, ______________, and ______________. BEHAVIORAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL PG: 72 OBJ: 6
17.
According to learning theory, criminal behavior is reduced through ___________ or ____________. EXTINCTION, PUNISHMENT PG: 82 OBJ: 6
18.
Classical theory suggests that if the punishment is severe enough, youths will avoid delinquent activity, this process is known as __________________. DETERRENCE PG: 70 OBJ: 4
19.
______________ suggests that laws are established to keep the dominant class in power. CONFLICT THEORY PG: 68 OBJ: 2
20.
The ______________ promotes and sustains an institutional structure in which one institution, namely the economy, assumes dominance over all others. AMERICAN DREAM PG: 80 OBJ: 6 Matching (20 questions)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
concordance anomie determinism social contract primary deviance classical view of criminality radical theory critical theory positivist view of criminality conflict theory ecological model natural law routine activity theory anomie theory incapacitation social ecology theory
17. 18. 19. 20.
secondary deviance consensus theory social disorganization theory labeling theory
1.
views society as creating deviance through a system of social control agencies that designate certain people as deviants. (t)
2.
an act that results because society has labeled the offender a deviant. (q)
3.
holds that delinquents are responsible for their own behavior, as individuals with free will. (f)
4.
making incapable by incarcerating. (o)
5.
normlessness. (b)
6.
the rules of conduct that are the same everywhere because they are basic to human behavior; also called mores. (l)
7.
a philosophy that maintains that human behavior is the product of a multitude of environmental and cultural influences. (c)
8.
states that urban areas produce delinquency directly by weakening community controls and generating a subculture of delinquency passed on from one generation to the next. (s)
9.
10.
suggests that laws are established to keep the dominant class in power. (j)
states that the motivations for crime do not result simply from the flaws, failures or free choices of individuals. (n)
11.
combines the classical free will and positivist determinism views of crime, suggesting that humans are both self-determined and society-determined (h)
12.
the original act defined as deviant by others. (e)
13.
contends that individuals within a society agree on basic values, on what is inherently right and wrong. (r) 14. the belief that crime is a product of the political economy. (g)
15.
a sociological model used to compare the growth of a city and its attendant crime problems to growth in nature. (k)
16.
identifies three elements as critical contributors to crime: (1) a motivated offender, (2) a suitable target and (3) lack of a capable guardian. (m)
17.
states that ecological conditions predict delinquency and that gang membership is a normal response to social conditions. (p)
18.
a high degree of similarity, as in heredity studies where identical twins were more likely to both have criminal records than were fraternal twins. (a)
19.
a philosophy that entails free, independent individuals agreeing to form a community and to give up a portion of their individual freedom to benefit the group’s security. (d)
20.
the belief that delinquents are victims of society. (i)
Essay (5 questions)
1. Differentiate between classical theory and positivist theories. OBJ: 5
2. Discuss the two theories that exist to explain the purpose of the law. OBJ: 2
3. Discuss whether any single theory provides a complete explanation? OBJ: 7
4.
Differentiate between the function of punishment according to the Durkheimian and Marist perspectives.
OBJ: 3
5.
Discuss the two competing world views that have existed over the centuries. What are the important concepts of each view? OBJ: 4 CHAPTER 5 Juvenile Victims
TEST BANK – Chapter 5 (85 questions)
Multiple Choice (25 questions)
1. The largest single cause of death in young children is: 2. child abuse * 3. malnutrition 4. second-hand smoke 5. neglect PG: 134 OBJ: 2 2. The following are the three levels of abuse EXCEPT: 3. collective 4. institutional 5. correctional * 6. individual PG: 134 OBJ: 3
3. The most common form of child maltreatment is: 4. child abuse 5. neglect * 6. malnutrition 7. inconsistent healthcare PG: 131 OBJ: 4
4. Often neglecting parents: 5. ignore their children or set bad examples for them * 6. are uneducated, unable to read and/or write 7. have significant issues with anger control and aggression 8. force drugs on their children PG: 137 OBJ: 5
5.
Physical or sexual assault is a higher risk in families with:
6. step-parents/sibling and single parents * 7. two biological parents 8. two adoptive parents 9. two foster parents PG: 133 OBJ: 5
6. 7. 8. 9.
The Missing Children’s Act, passed in 1984, does NOT define a missing child as: one whose age is less than 21 years of age * one whose whereabouts are unknown to such individual’s legal custodian one whose disappearance indicates that the child has been removed from the legal guardian’s control without the custodian’s consent 10. one whose circumstances indicate the child is likely to be abused or sexually exploited PG: 152 OBJ: 12
7.
___________ strain refers to real-life strains experienced by others when around a victimized individual. 8. Secondary 9. Peripheral 10. Vicarious * 11. Projected PG: 142 OBJ: 12
8.
Typically, the three components of child abuse/neglect laws are the following EXCEPT: 9. criminal definitions and penalties 10. a mandate to report suspected cases 11. mental health treatment * 12. civil processes for removing a child from the abusive or neglectful environment PG: 139 OBJ: 6
9. The two leading causes of child abuse are thought to be: 10. violence between spouses and poverty * 11. ongoing exposure to violent video games and movies 12. malnutrition and lack of health care 13. drugs and alcohol abuse PG: 141 OBJ: 7
10. Individual maltreatment includes situations when: 11. there is sexual abuse of a child 12. one or more people emotionally abuse a child 13. one or more people physically abuse a child 14. students bully peers at school * PG: 144 OBJ: 3
11. Child abuse can be directly linked with: 12. illiteracy 13. drug abuse 14. DUI/DWI 15. delinquency * PG: 145 OBJ: 9
12. Victimization rates are: 13. inversely related to age, with the youngest children being the highest * 14. similar among all ages, with the median age being 8 15. highest among foster parents 16. highest among legal guardians PG: 131 OBJ: 10
13.
The two organizations that have concurrent jurisdiction for missing and exploited children are: 14. NAF and OJJDP 15. ACYF and OJJDP * 16. Communities in Action and NAF 17. ACYF and CPS PG: 157 OBJ: 12
14. Warning signs of suicide often include all of the following EXCEPT: 15. threatening to kill one’s self, and talking as if no one cares 16. preparing for death, such as giving away possessions 17. expressing hopelessness and giving up on one’s self 18. increase or decrease in appetite * PG: 159 OBJ: 14
15. Collective maltreatment is seen in the effects of: 16. poverty and other forms of social injustice * 17. sickness and hospitalization 18. gang activity 19. poor educational facilities PG: 134 OBJ: 5
16. The broken home, in and of itself: 17. causes delinquency 18. does not cause delinquency * 19. causes physical abuse 20. causes emotional abuse PG: 137 OBJ: 5
17. The leading cause of teen suicide is: 18. drug use 19. untreated anxiety 20. alcohol abuse 21. untreated depression * PG: 158 OBJ: 13
18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
OJJDP is focused on: social welfare and emergency care approaches for missing and exploited children educational approaches for missing and exploited children mental health approaches for missing and exploited children the challenges missing children present to law enforcement and the justice system * PG: 158 OBJ: 12
19. Most maltreatment cases enter the child welfare system through: 20. school counselors 21. hospitalization 22. Child Protective Services * 23. National Institute of Mental Health PG: 131 OBJ: 1
20. 21. 22. 23.
All states mandate agencies to do the following EXCEPT: assess reports of child abuse and neglect investigate reports of child abuse and neglect offer rehabilitative services to families where maltreatment has or is likely to occur 24. offer home educational services to families where maltreatment is likely to occur * PG: 131 OBJ: 6
21.
An act or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm or serious risk of harm to a child is referred to as: 22. maltreatment * 23. abuse 24. neglect 25. exploitation PG: 132 OBJ: 3
22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
Most common types of maltreatment include all of the following EXCEPT: neglect and medical neglect physical abuse and sexual abuse psychological maltreatment sociological maltreatment *
PG: 132
OBJ: 4
23. Sexual abuse by a parent or other family member is referred to as: 24. suprafamilial sexual abuse 25. intrafamilial sexual abuse * 26. extrafamilial sexual abuse 27. parafamilial sexual abuse PG: 146 OBJ: 10
24. Rates of victimization of females are typically: 25. about the same as that of boys 26. slightly lower than that of boys 27. higher than that of boys * 28. considerably lower than that of boys PG: 150 OBJ: 10
25. The “dark underbelly of cohabitation” refers to: 26. drug abuse 27. abusive-boyfriend syndrome * 28. alcoholism 29. depression PG: 133 OBJ: 5 True/False (20 questions)
1.
It is estimated that 500,000 teens attempt suicide every year with 5,000 succeeding. T PG: 158 OBJ: 13
2.
Investigations concluded that an estimated 899,000 children were abused or neglected during 2005. T PG: 131 OBJ: 1
3.
Maltreated youths are at an increased risk for performing poorly in school and displaying symptoms of mental illness. T PG: 132 OBJ: 1
4. The risk of kidnapping increases substantially for male juveniles after age nine. F PG: 152 OBJ: 11
5. More than half of all maltreatment victims are white. T PG: 133 OBJ: 10
6.
Foster parents, residential facility staff and legal guardians each made up less than one percent of maltreatment perpetrators. T PG: 133 OBJ: 5
7.
Child abuse has been identified as the biggest single cause of death of young children. T PG: 134 OBJ: 2
8.
The collective attitude in America takes notice of the natural and legal rights of children. F PG: 134 OBJ: 3
9. The broken home, in and of itself, causes delinquency. F PG: 137 OBJ: 5
10. Children who are abused are less likely to be violent themselves. F PG: 144 OBJ: 1
11. Premature birth increases a child’s risk of being abused. T PG: 141 OBJ: 7
12.
Children who experience intrafamily violence are no more at risk for child abuse than children who are exposed to this type of violence. F PG: 142 OBJ: 5
13.
Witnessing actual violence or fearing its potential occurrence has no real effect on children. F PG: 142 OBJ: 8
14. Child abuse has been directly linked with delinquency. T PG: 144 OBJ: 9
15.
A central complexity of the juvenile victim justice system is that it encompasses two distinct subsystems, the criminal justice system and the child protection system. T PG: 162 OBJ: 12
16.
Cultural values do not play a role in determining what constitutes abuse. F
PG: 148
OBJ: 9
17. Less than one-third of violent crimes with juvenile victims occur in a residence. F PG: 150 OBJ: 5
18. More than one-third of juvenile victims of violent crime are under age 16. F PG: 150 OBJ: 10
19.
Researchers theorized that early puberty creates unusually high levels of distress for adolescents. T PG: 151 OBJ: 9
20.
Running away from home is seen by many youths as a solution to problems at home or school. T PG: 154 OBJ: 11 Fill-in-the-blank/Short Answer (20 questions)
1.
Most maltreatment cases enter the child welfare system through___________ agencies. CHILD PROTECTIVE SERVICES PG: 131 OBJ: 1
2.
Victimization rates were highest among young children from _________________. BIRTH TO AGE 3 PG: 131 OBJ: 10
3.
Children living in households with _______________ are nearly 50 times as likely to die of inflicted injuries as children with two biological parents. UNRELATED ADULTS PG: 133 OBJ: 5
4.
The two most frequently mentioned personal problems indicated by runaway youth were ___________ and ____________. A POOR SELF-IMAGE; DEPRESSION PG: 155 OBJ: 11
5.
Fatal neglect cases usually result from a caregiver’s _____________. FAILURE TO ACT PG: 134 OBJ: 5
6.
The three levels of child maltreatment are ___________, ________________, and ___________. COLLECTIVE, INSTITUTIONAL, INDIVIDUAL PG: 134 OBJ: 3
7.
Institutional maltreatment of children is sometimes called ________. ADMINISTRATIVE ABUSE PG: 134 OBJ: 3
8. The homes of neglected children often are ______________. DISORGANIZED PG: 137 OBJ: 5
9.
Frequent hunger, poor hygiene, inappropriate dress, consistent lack of supervision are considered __________________ of child neglect. PHYSICAL INDICATORS PG: 138 OBJ: 5
10.
Begging, stealing food, extending school days by arriving early or leaving late, constant fatigue, listlessness or falling asleep in school, alcohol or drug abuse are examples of __________________ of child neglect. BEHAVIORAL INDICATORS PG: 138 OBJ: 5
11.
In _______________________ the court held that “The parent is the sole judge of the necessity for the exercise of disciplinary right and of the nature of the correction to be given.” PEOPLE v. GREEN (1909) PG: 139 OBJ: 6
12.
Mistaken for child abuse is the condition ______________ which is characterized by bones that break easily. OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA PG: 141 OBJ: 6
13.
The two leading causes of child abuse are thought to be __________________and __________. VIOLENCE BETWEEN SPOUSES; POVERTY PG: 141 OBJ: 8
14. Violence is ___________ behavior that is often self-perpetuating. LEARNED PG: 142 OBJ: 8
15.
The leading cause of youth suicide is ___________________. UNTREATED DEPRESSION PG: 158 OBJ: 14
16.
Sexual harassment was declared illegal in Title IX of the _____________. EDUCATION AMENDMENTS OF 1972 PG: 146 OBJ: 8
17.
The ____________________ passed in ______, imposes tougher penalties for sex crimes against children, particularly those facilitated by the use of the Internet. CHILD PROTECTION AND SEXUAL PREDATOR PUNISHMENT ACT; 1998 PG: 147 OBJ: 9
18.
The average age of entry into prostitution through human trafficking is _______. 12—14 YEARS OF AGE PG: 147 OBJ: 11
19. _________________ account for nearly half of all missing children. RUNAWAYS PG: 152 OBJ: 11
20.
The two federal criminal statutes that apply in international family abduction cases are _________ and the ________. THE FUGITIVE FELON ACT; INTERNATIONAL PARENTAL KIDNAPPING CRIME ACT PG: 156 OBJ: 12 Matching (15 questions)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
1.
collective maltreatment intrafamilial sexual abuse stereotypical kidnapping extrafamilial sexual abuse maximalist alarmist perspective anticipated strain institutional maltreatment maltreatment dependency minimalist skeptical perspective runaway thrownaway neglect osteogenesis imperfecta vicarious strain
the legal status of children over whom a juvenile court has assumed jurisdiction because the court has found their care to fall short of legal standards of proper care by parents, guardians or custodians. (i)
2.
sexual abuse of a child by a parent or other family member. (b)
3.
includes neglect, medical neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse and psychological abuse. (h)
4.
the approved use of force and violence against children in the schools and in the denial of children’s due process rights in institutions. (g)
5.
the view that the time has come to reject the reluctance of earlier generations to face the facts and to recognize the enormity of the developing crisis. (e)
6.
is a condition characterized by bones that break easily and can be mistaken for child abuse. (n)
7.
sexual abuse of a child by a friend or stranger, a non-family member. (d)
8.
without proper care; without education or health care because of the refusal of a parent, guardian or custodian to provide them; in need of supervision as a result of the neglect. (m)
9.
a youth who commits the status offense of leaving the custody and home of parents, guardians or custodians without permission and fails to return within a reasonable time. (k)
10.
attitudes held as a group in a society that impede the psychological and physical development of children. (a)
11.
stress experienced by others around an individual experiencing stress. (o)
12.
the view that huge numbers of honestly mistaken and maliciously false allegations are mixed in with true disclosures, making the problem seem worse than it really is and fueling the impression that it is spiraling out of control. (j)
13.
occurs when a stranger or slight acquaintance perpetrates a nonfamily abduction in which the child is detained overnight, transported at least 50 miles, held for ransom, and abducted with intent to keep the child permanently or killed (c)
14.
15.
a child whose family has kicked him or her out. (l)
an individual’s expectation that current stresses will continue into the future or that new stresses will be experienced. (f)
Essay (5 questions)
1. Differentiate between the three levels of child maltreatment. OBJ: 3
2. Compare and contrast federal and state child neglect and abuse laws. OBJ: 6
3. Discuss the cycle of violence. Provide an example. OBJ: 8
4.
Discuss, including legislation directly related to, child sexual abuse and the Internet. OBJ: 9
5. Discuss missing and exploited children. Address the NISMART project. OBJ: 11