FYP Master Architecture by Elya Ain

Fishermen Communal Center

IIUM / International Islamic University Malaysia Master of Architetcure / MAAR Part 2

AT KAMPUNG SUNGAI MELAYU, JOHOR

Nur Elya Ain binti Jasni

Supervisor : Prof. Ar. Dr. Abdul Razak

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Supervisor : Prof. Ar. Dr. Abdul Razak Sapian Course Coordinator : Asst. Prof. Dr. Zuraini Denan Associate Professor. Ar Datin Dr. Norwina Mohd Nawawi Design, Layout and Creative Direction : Nur Elya Ain binti Jasni

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Abstract Fishermen are traditional occupations that inherited from one generations to another which are still being practiced until the present day by the local community especially communities live in the coast area. However, land reclamation from both major developments; Danga Bay development and Nusajaya development affecting the depleting number of daily fish catch at Kampung Sungai Melayu. Hence, the local fishermen’s’ income decreasing. Other than that is the deforestation of mangrove swamps for urbanization purposes are affecting the activities of local fishermen community’s through social and economy aspect. Reduce the amount of marine catch and increase in daily expenses urging the state of survival of fishermen occupation to be extinct in the future. Expenditure and initiative taken in order to improve the facilities of local fishermen as to utilize possible potential to improvise fishermen sector. Designing proper working space for local fishermen which integrate with tourism activities such as workshop at production area, and ‘Pasar Bisik’ can encourage tourist to gain more experience and awareness on fishermen’s culture and their daily routine. Keywords: Kampung Sungai Melayu, Fishermen Communal Center, Mangrove swamp

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01 ISSUE Background

111

PROBLEM STATEMENT Issue

AIM Research Aim

OBJECTIVES Research Objectives

Significance Research RESEARCH METHOODOLOOGY Research Methodology

8 10

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF DESIGN THESIS

Aquaculture in Malaysia has become top 15 of global producer with a total of 521,000 tonnes aquaculture production. In 2014, the fisheries sector contributed 1.1% to world contribution (0.4% is contributed from aquaculture). As a world producer, it is a crucial to learn the current challenges and condition encountered by the fisheries sector. In Malaysia, besides overfished resources, pollution, climate change and foreign vessels encroachment into Malaysia water have resulted in national wild fish catch depletion which mainly caused by massive exploitation and ineffective fisheries management which led to food stock flat-lining. The fishing operations cost raising while the capture fisheries production decreasing, thus the wild fish price will increase. This scenario show that, further impetus the rapid growth of aquaculture need to be done due to limited stocks of marine fisheries and fishing beyond the sustainable reproductive capacity (Roslina, 2009). Aquaculture is a very important sector for Malaysia in dealing with food safety issues especially when marine capture fisheries production growth were decreasing. Furthermore, the demand for fish by Malaysian today is high. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Malaysia [MOA] (2011), the fish demand in Malaysia is expected to increase from 1.3 million tonnes in 2010 to 1.9 million tonnes in 2020 with a growth of 3.3 per cent per annum. Therefore, the sustainable aquaculture development effort is very important in order to ensure the demand of fish can be met.

kampung sungai melayu JOHOR BHARU

It has been long history, fishermen community living at the remote coastal area of Sungai Melayu. Approximately 154 years ago, locals came to Sungai Melayu to form settlements (Tok Amir, 2019). Now the settlements knowns as Kampung Sungai Melayu. The community at Kampung Sungai Melayu had been conducting fishing related activities since the settlement were formed and started to set up fish farming from l865. Kampung Sungai Melayu nearby the sea surrounded by mangrove forest that is suitable for them to conduct fishery activities. The location also protected from strong winds and waves from Johor Strait as the area sheltered. Kampung Sungai Melayu is a small old village hidden in between two major developments; Danga Bay and Nusajaya. The village comprises about 1,000 people living in the village which 60% are male and 40% are female [Kumar, 2015]. There are total of 200 houses in the village. Approximately 90% of the villagers are working as fishermen. They have been living in traditional lifestyle despite of what developments around them. Kampung Sungai Melayu main income throughout the year is basically focus on daily catch of fisheries product. Most of the fishermen are in middle aged category. This is because, the younger generation slowly leaving the village to have better prospect by working under government sector or other sectors. Kampung Sungai Melayu’s occupation source : BH Online, 2015

MACRO ANALYSIS OF JOHOR BHARU

Site Location : Kampung Sungai Melayu [KSM] Mukim : Gelang Patah KSM Area : 40 acres Populations : 1,000 people

[ 90% of the communities are fishermen ] Establishment : 1865 [ 154 years old ]

A S

neighborhood

Kampung Sungai Melayu located between 2 major development city which are Nusajaya Development & Danga Bay development. Kampung Sungai Melayu has been gazetted as eco tourism village since 2013.

Kampung Sungai Melayu has a potential to be a success eco tourism as the village has existing natural attraction such as mangrove swamps. There also proposal on International Resort by Nusajaya Development located near to KSM, which will bring great opportunities for KSM as it will bring more tourist to the KSM.

circulation

A S

Kampung Sungai Melayu can be acccess by both land & water either by 25 min car ride from JB City, 45 mins of boat ride from Puteri Harbour, or the HSR which will be build on 2031. Kampung Sungai Melayu has no access for public transportation as the village located at rural area eventhough has variety of public transportation nearby. The nearest bus pick-up point at Legoland where it limit the tourist flow towards the village. The village also has poor maintenance of road towards the village vehicular transportation

A S

water transportation

HSR transportation

context

Kampung Sungai Melayu located at strategic area where it consist of tourism area such as Legoland, Puteri Harbour, & Opera House, there also terminal station ; Senai Airport, CIQ & Larkin Terminal and Kampung Sungai Melayu located near to Singapore Kampung Sungai Melayu can be part of the tourism destination as to link the existing tourism area, hence it will boost the Kampung Sungai Melayu economy. Other than that, it increase the number of traveler & tourist from other region to the village

MiCRO ANALYSIS

OF KAMPUNG SUNGAI MELAYU

State Regional Plan : IRDA District Local Plan Zone : RT Daerah Johor Bharu 2030 Location : Lot 668 [ near to Sri Rampai Restaurant ] Master Plan Area : 17.1 Acres Land owner : Iskandar Puteri

A S

vegetation

The site mostly covered by 3 m to 6 m high trees. While at the east side of the site, there is natural existing mangrove swamps where every year on November to April, migration bird will flew by this area. The site has less trees at riverbank where there is no tree barrier, hence provide infinity view toward Danga bay Existing mangrove swamps can give and supply food to the migration birds and also can breed fish naturally, hence it help the daily catch for fishermen. Migration birds can be one of the tourism program; bird watching programme. topography

A S

The topography of the proposed site is flat and gradually changed to gentle slopes towards the river. The site is located at the edge of the Sungai Melayu. Kampung Sungai Melayu are prone to occur flash flood during to monsoon season up to below 10m height.

The site has strategic location, offer various passive design strategies. Provides the opportunity for design exploration in innovative and passive design.

water-level

The minimum sea level is 4.5 meter height. Minimum of Low tide level is at 1.5 meter, which usually happened in the afternoon for couple of hours. While, Maximum of High tide at 4.8 meter happened in the morning till noon daily. The maximum height of flash flood had occur at Kampung Sungai Mealyu is 5.5 meter from water level. The flash flood happened twice a month from Air Pasang Besar due to land reclamation of surrounding development.

min. low tide 1.5 meter

min. sea level 4.5 meter

max. flash flood 5.5 meter

origin-condition

original state

Kampung Sungai Melayu originally was a mangrove swamp area. Some of the mangrove swamps have been cut up for human settlements and for the village economy purposes which is for oil palm plantation.

current situation

S PA C E definition [S] FISHERMEN & TOURISM ZONES

FISHERMEN AREA The centre provided fishermen with variety facilities in order to have efficient and proper management as to increase the daily production. The fishermen are facilitate with proper fishermen working area based on their daily activities from the fish arrival to fish loading and sorting area toward the fish distribution area to be export all the products or the sea products will be sell at the market. Fishermen also utilise with alternative activity to generate and boost their daily income especially during monsoon season. Introduce aquaponic structure where can plant several type of plants; spinach, and lettuce. There are also ‘Pasar Bisik’ which emphasize the fishermen culture on auction their products to buyer.

FISHING ACTIVITY ANALOGY

[1] Fish Arrival

[2] Fish Loading

[3] Fish Sorting

[4] Fish Distribution

TOURISM AREA Tourism area located at first floor of the communal centre. Diversity of activities provided in the centre in term of self experience and local interaction. There are two type of activities provided which are [1] Fishermen Based and [2] Nature Based. As for the fishermen based activities, tourist can interact with local fishermen or fishmongers by making local products such as keropok kupang, and dried seafood at production workshop. There are also activities catch fish for familt oriented and all age visitors; longkang pond for & rod fishing pond, there are also feeding station. Other than that, visitors also can overview and aware of the process of repairing or making boat at the dry dock.

As for nature based, it involving the existing mangrove tree as the neighboring context. Hence bring the context into the centre by designing mangrove park as the focal point of the centre connecting both fishermen area and tourism area. The deck mangrove park also facilitate with fishing and crab catch spot for visitor to enjoy diversity of perspective toward mangrove swamp and view toward Danga Bay. Additional to that, there is kayak programme for visitors to enjoy the uniqueness of mangrove swamps. There are also mangrove nursery connecting the communal centre and mangrove trail.

[3] Attract Target User Fishermen Tourist Entrepreneur

master plan design process

[2] Enhance Accessibility From Danga Bay From Nusajaya From Senai Airport

[1] Identifying Nodes & Landmarks Mangrove swamps Sri Pantai Restaurants Mussels breeding farm Mangrove swamp

The Masterplan can be divided into the major nodes area and the minor nodes area. The major nodes area consists of the historical landmark, historical waterfront, historical plaza, urban wetland, and community centre. This main area located close to the existing major nodes which are the Sri Pantai Restaurant, existing mangrove swamps and mussels breeding farm. The major nodes areas are connected to the minor nodes area with the main road toward the Danga Bay and Nusajaya. It will rejuvenate and highlight the identity of the site. The minor nodes area is located near to the site which is the other public facilities; mosque, clinic and police station. This area is suitable for community area as the proposed design is meant to be use by the community. Furthermore, this area is actually an undeveloped area that will being transform to become public recreational area with the access from road and from the sea.

[6] Refine Design Form

Transform to become communal center for fishermen and part of tourist attraction

[4] Connect Nodes & Circulation Give easy access from each nodes

[5] Create Opportunity to Surrounding Export facility Mangrove Trail

site surrounding Dividing the surrounding context into 4 parts based on the existing background of the site; [1] residential area, [2] public area, [3] the fishermen communal centre, and [4] existing mangrove swamp under. The context is divided under 3 zones; Historic, Culture and Ecology.

bridging the nodes Identify the existing surrounding context at the site area such as the main tourist attraction, Sri Pantai Restaurant, mangrove swamps, and the village hall. In order to associate and merge the context with the fishermen communal centre.

linkages Designing a linkages that connecting all the existing nodes as to promote pedestrian and cycler toward the fishermen centre. The linkages that have been design for the local community and visitors are boardwalk along the riverbank and bicycle lane and pedestrian walkway along the main route towards the centre.

site zoning The zoning of the site is based on the neighboring context. The zone have been divided into two main zones which are fishermen area and tourism area. The fishermen area located near to the riverbank which have full water access. While the tourism area close to the existing residential area and existing public parking area.

building form Design the centre with basic shape form; rectangular form as to maximise the site facilitate with proper spaces that can hold fishermen daily routine. While give awareness on relation of mangrove tree toward fishermen.

[Ii]

Vacuum fish pump

Fishermen Analogy Designing fishermen area based on their daily work routine; early in the morning where they sailing to catch fish, then arrive on the land to sorting out their catch of the day before distribute the sea products either to market or production area. Finally, the product can be export locally or internationally.

sailing

[1] arrival

100

[2] sorting

[3] distribution

[4] export

101

102

fish arrival route solar panels

1. fish boat

vacuum pump

3. cold storage

2. fish grader

4. loading bay

5. production area

export; local / international

6. mixing area

[a] vacuum fish pump the fish pump located at the fish arrival area as to transport fish without any injuries from the boat tank to the fish grader machine as to sort the fish based on size. It also to help fishermen communities the pump can be controlled remotely as the pump located at 5 metre high.

from fish boat [2] type of Aquaponic fish

elevation

section

plan

Two pairs of rollers rotate away from each other so that the fish are not squeezed between the rollers, but lifted up so that they fall through the grading table in the correct place. Between the pairs of rollers there is a ridge. The distance between the rollers increases from the start to the end of the grading table.

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