Sundial Explorer: The Booklet

SUN DI AL E XPL OR ER

THE HABITAT, THAT FOLLOWS THE SUN Envisioning the Moon Village e.253.5 Department of Building Construction and Design Günes Aydar Emirhan Veyseloglu Gözde Yilmaz

SUMMARY

Sundial Explorer is a mobile Habitat, which is designed to perform scientific research on lunar surface. In papers, published by NASA, on the topic science goals and concepts, which must be performed on lunar surface, it is stated, that in every goal a human fieldwork is a necessity.

With the determination, that the best option for scientific research is a mobile laboratory, we started our journey of designing our habitat. We created 3 main concepts at the beginning, which shaped the next steps we took for design. One of the main concept is, for our habitat, to stay always on the bright side of the moon. This feature gave our habitat its name: SUNDIAL EXPLORER.

CONTENTS

Basic Facts

3

Main Concepts

4

Choosing the Locations

6

Creating the Path

14

How Fast Are We Traveling?

17

Robotic Rovers for Our Aid

20

Storyboard

22

Choosing the Right Locomotion

29

Design Features of Skeletal Shell

33

Design Features of Interior

34

Assembly on Lunar Surface

41

B A S I C FA C T S

FOR WHO?

Sundial Explorer is designed ideally for 3 astronauts, but occasionaly it can inhabit maximum of 4 astronauts

The ideal planned time for an astronaut to stay is 28

HOW LONG?

days, but if necessary this time can be extended to 3 months, which is the maximum amount of stay time for an astronaut.

Scientific research specifically human fieldworks and

WHY?

use operational values of human mind to operate resource gathering actions, which will be operated by robots

As a starting point, an elliptical path will be drawn around South Pole Aitkin Basin (Scientific Research)

WHERE?

and South Pole (Resource). After the research, the path will be drawn around around Orientale Basin and further important locations

3

MAIN CONCEPTS

At the very beginning of the project, 3 main concepts are determined. All these concepts are related with the ability of the habitat’s mobility. These 3 main concepts were followed, extended and adapted to the forecoming design. The first concept (Scouts) is based on the best use of mobility for scientific research. The second concept (Nomads) has risen from the question, “How necessary goods will be supplied for the habitat and how self-sufficiency will be provided?�. The third concept (Sundial), which gave the habitat its name, is based on using solar energy constantly and using mobility to track the sun.

4

MAIN CONCEPTS

SCOUTS EXPLORATION ON LUNAR SURFACE - By being mobile, lunar surface can be mapped, specifically by measuring the thickness of crust and further features on specific areas with seismic measuring tools.

- With a mobile habitat the distances between research fields and laboratory can be minimized.

- EVA missions can be much safer, as the pressurized habitat can stay in mission range.

NOMADS MOBILITY AS INFRASTRUCTURE Instead of bringing resources from optimal locations to habitat. Habitat will use its mobility ability to get itself to resource gathering outposts and get resources, especially water. In later phases, it can transport goods from one outpost to another. Self-sufficiency of habitat will be ensured this way.

SUNDIAL CONSTANT SUNLIGHT - By staying always on the bright side of the moon, the thermal tension on material is reduced, which extends the

durability of the habitat.

- Instead of heating, cooling: No need of heating system, cooling can perform from radiators.

- Constant sunlight can be gathered by solar cells andconstant energy can be produced. There is no need of space for energy storage.

5

C H O O S I N G T H E L O C AT I O N S

A comprehensive research was made, on the topic of optimal locations to do specific scientific research based on the paper, “The Science Goals and Concepts on Moon�, which is published

by NASA, [Page 7-9]. The Research is extended to find optimal locations for resources and manufacturing opportunities [Page 10-11]. According to the information, that is collected, a diagramm is created to see the best options for scientific research and resource gathering [Page 12]. The numbers and colors on the diagramm [Page 12] matches with the numbers and colors on the pages 7-11, on which experiment concepts and resources are explained.

6

C H O O S I N G T H E L O C AT I O N S

EXPERIMENT CONCEPTS

1. The Bombardtment History of Inner Solar System: - South-Pole Aitkin Basin: Test the cataclysm hypothesis by determining the spacing in time of the creation of lunar basins.

- South-Pole Aitkin Basin & Oceanus Procellarum: Anchor the early Earth-Moon impact flux curve by determining the age of the oldest lunar basin - Copernicus & Tycho Craters (Southern Lunar Highlands & Oceanus Procellarum): Establish a precise absolute chronology.

- All Craters: Assess the recent impact flux.

- Secondary Craters (Secondary Crater Chain of Copernicus in Mare Imbrium): Study the role of secondary impact craters on crater counts.

2.

The Structure and Composition of the Lunar Interior Provide Fundamental Information on the Evolution of a Differentiated Planetary Body. (Origin of Earth & Moon) - All Surfaces (Long Continuety Necessary): Determine the thickness of the lunar crust (upper and lower) and characterize its lateral variability on regional and global scales. / Seismic Measurements, mapping the thickness of Lunar Crust - Procellarum KREEP Terrane (Imbrium Basin & Oceanus Procellarum): Characterize the chemical/ physical stratification in the mantle, particularly the nature of the putative 500-km discontinuity and the composition of the lower mantle.

- Mare Basins: Determine the size, composition, and state (solid/liquid) of the core of the Moon. / Composition of Mare Basalts - South-Pole Aitkin Basin: Characterize the thermal state of the interior and elucidate the workings of the planetary heat engine.

3. Key Planetary Processes are Manifested in the Diversity of Lunar Crustal Rock

- Procellarum KREEP Terrane (Imbrium Basin & Oceanus Procellarum) & South-Pole Aitkin Basin (FHT): Determine the extent and composition of the primary feldspathic crust, KREEP layer, and other products of planetary differentiation.

- Procellarum KREEP Terrane (Imbrium Basin & Oceanus Procellarum) & Lunar Highlands & Oceanus Procellarum & Mare Tranquillitas (Long Continuety Necessary): Inventory the variety, distribution, and origin of lunar rock types / Material Mapping of Surface - The South Pole-Aitken Basin (mainly) & All Surfaces: (Long Continuety Necessary): Determine the composition of the lower crust and bulk Moon.and structure of the megaregolith.

7

C H O O S I N G T H E L O C AT I O N S

EXPERIMENT CONCEPTS

4. The Lunar Poles are Special Environments That May Bear Witness to the Volatile Flux Over The Latter Part of Solar System History

- Lunar Cold Traps (South & North Pole): Determine the compositional state (elemental, isotopic, mineralogic) and compositional distribution (lateral and depth) of the volatile component in lunar polar regions. / Determine the source(s) for lunar polar volatiles. / Understand the physical properties of the extremely cold (and possibly volatile rich) polar regolith. / Determine what the cold polar regolith reveals about the ancient solar environment.

5. Lunar Volcanism Provides a Window Into the Thermal and Compositional Evolution of the Moon.

- Mare Moscovience (Far Side) & Oceanus Procellarum (Near Side): Determine the origin and variability of lunar basalts. / Comparison

between Mare of near side and of far side.

- All Mare Regions: Determine the age of the youngest and oldest mare basalts.

- Bode Crater, Sulpicius Gallus & Orientale Dark Ring (Mare Vaporum & Mare Serenitatis & Mare Orientale): Determine the compositional range and extent of lunar pyroclastic deposits. / Determine the flux of lunar volcanism and its evolution through space and time.

6.

The Moon is an Accessible Laboratory for Studying the Impact Process on Planetary Scales.

- Lunar Impact Craters (Example: Copernicus): Determine the structure of multi-ring impact basins. / Characterize the existence and extent of melt sheet differentiation. / Quantify the effects of planetary characteristics (composition, density, impact velocities) on crater formation and morphology. / Measure the extent of lateral and vertical mixing of local and ejecta material.

7.

The Moon is a Natural Laboratory for Regolith Processes and Weathering on Anhydrous Airless Bodies.

- Lunar Impact Craters (Example: Copernicus) & Mare Regions: Search for and characterize ancient regolith. / Samples from Crater Walls - South Pole Region (Suitable for first Habitat) & Oceanus Procellarum, Mare Tranquillitas, Procellarum KREEP Terrane (Imbrium Basin & Oceanus Procellarum) (Suitable for Mining & Manufacturing): Determine the physical properties of the regolith at diverse locations of expected human activity.

- All Surfaces: Separate and study rare materials in the lunar regolith.

8

C H O O S I N G T H E L O C AT I O N S

EXPERIMENT CONCEPTS

8.

Processes Involved with the Atmosphere and Dust Environment of the Moon Are Accessible for Scientific Study while the Environment Remains in a Pristine State.

- Lunar SBE (Surface Bound Exosphere): Determine the global density, composition, and time variability of the fragile lunar atmosphere before it is perturbed by further human activity.

- All Surfaces (Understanding the Lunar Dust): Determine the size, charge, and spatial distribution of electrostatically transported dust grains and assess their likely effects on lunar exploration and lunar-based astronomy. / Measurements from Orbit is also Necessary - Lunar SBE (Surface Bound Exosphere) (Search for Ar, Po, Pb, Ra, , Na, Rn & K): Use the time variable release rate of atmospheric species such as 40Ar and radon to learn more about the inner workings of the lunar interior.

- Lunar SBE (Surface Bound Exosphere) near Polar Regions: Learn how water vapor and other volatiles are released from the lunar surface and migrate to the poles where they are adsorbed in polar cold traps.

9.

Search for Organic Compound

- Old Apollo Landing Sites: Search for DNA and organic Cell Structures , which might be carried from Earth to Moon during Apollo Missions and make research on their current situations.

- Lunar Impact Craters: Search for organic Compounds, which might be carried by meteorites.

10.

Undisturbed Observation of Universe & Scientific Discovery

- Far Side of the Moon: Establishment of an Observation Platform with a Radiotelescope or a Liquid Mirror Telescope and a Neutrino Detector.

9

C H O O S I N G T H E L O C AT I O N S

RESOURCES

1.

Helium-3 (3He)

- Oceanus Procellarum & Mare Tranquillitas: 3He will be most abundant in regoliths developed on high-Ti mare basalts

2.

Water (H2O)

- Polar Cold Traps (North & South Pole): Due to Absence of Sunlight, water-ice is trapped in permanenetly shadowed areas.

- Bode Crater, Sulpicius Gallus & Orientale Dark Ring (Mare Vaporum & Mare Serenitatis & Mare Orientale): There is evidence that lunar pyroclastic deposits have significant levels of hydration.

- Oceanus Procellarum & Mare Tranquillitas (not the best option): Water is bound to Pyroxene mineral

3.

Oxygen (O2)

- Polar Cold Traps (North & South Pole): Oxygen is extracted from ice in Polar Cold Traps.

- Bode Crater, Sulpicius Gallus & Orientale Dark Ring (Mare Vaporum & Mare Serenitatis & Mare Orientale): Oxygen is extracted from water bound to minerals in Pyroclastic Deposits.

- Oceanus Procellarum & Mare Tranquillitas (with the By-product Titanium & Iron): Oxygen is extracted from mineral Ilmentine, which is found in High-Ti Mare Basalts.

FeTiO3+2H = Fe+TiO2+H2O - Lunar Highlands (with the By-product Aliminium-Silicon Alloy): Oxygen is extracted from anorthositic materials, which can be found on lunar highlands. / No Electrolysis needed, Oxygen is extracted with Heat (Solar Furnace)

4.

Iron (Fe)

- Oceanus Procellarum & Mare Tranquillitas: Iron is By-Product of oxygen production from Ilmentine.

FeTiO3+2H = Fe+TiO2+H2O - Northern Rim of South-Pole Aitkin Basin & Craters of Descartes and Reiner: Iron is present on moon due to collision of meteorites. Area is detected by determining magnetic anomalies on lunar surface.

10

C H O O S I N G T H E L O C AT I O N S

RESOURCES

5.

Titanium (Ti)

- Oceanus Procellarum & Mare Tranquillitas: Titanium is By-Product of oxygen production from Ilmentine / Important Resource for future IN-SITU Manufacturing.

FeTiO3+2H = Fe+TiO2+H2O

6.

Aluminium (Al)

- Lunar Highlands: Aliminium is extracted from anorthosic materails, which is found in Lunar Highlands. / Important resource for future IN-SITU Manufacturing.

7.

Silicon (Si)

- Abundant in Lunar Rocks: % 20 in all Lunar Materials / Important resource for Production of Solar Cells.

8.

Rare Earth Elements (REE)

- Procellarum KREEP Terrane (Imbrium Basin & Oceanus Procellarum): Area detected by Gamma Ray Spectometer of the Lunar Prospector Spacecraft. / Mining and Delivery to Earth

9.

Thorium & Uranium

- Procellarum KREEP Terrane (Imbrium Basin & Oceanus Procellarum): Area detected by Gamma Ray Spectometer of the Lunar Prospector Spacecraft. / Important for future Nuclear Energy Production

10.

Manufacturing Possibilities

- Shadowed Areas in Polar Regions: The hard vacuum, and night-time/polar cryogenic temperatures of the lunar environment may positively facilitate some industrial processes, such as vacuum vapour deposition, element concentration via ion sputtering (essentially industrial-scale mass-spectroscopy), and the manufacture of ultra-pure materials

11

C H O O S I N G T H E L O C AT I O N S

C O M PA R I N G T H E S P O T S

South-Pole Aitkin Basin Oceanus Procellarum South Pole North Pole Mare Mascovience Tycho Crater Copernicus Crater Bade Crater Sulpicius Crater

1.

2.

3.

IN-S.

IN-S.

Orientale Dark Ring Mare Tranquillitas

Lunar Surface Bound Exosphere Apollo Landing Sites Imbrium Basin Far-Side of Moon

3.

IN-S.

IN-S.

2.

Lunar Highlands

1.

4.

4.

5.

IN-S.

IN-S.

5.

6.

IN-S.

6.

7.

7.

8.

8.

9.

IN-S.

IN-S.

9.

10.

10.

12

C H O O S I N G T H E L O C AT I O N S

SOUTH-POLE AITKIN BASIN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

LUNAR COLD TRAPS WATER GATHERING

According to the first main concept (Scouts), scientifically the most valuable area must be selected to do scientific research. After comparing the locations, South-Pole Aitkin Basin is selected, as the most promising research area. As only the first phase of lunar operations is designed, the water is the most important resource, which should be obtained to make the habitat self sufficient. In this particular fact in mind, lunar cold traps on lunar south-pole, specifically Malapert Crater is chosen as water gathering spot. It is intended to build an outpost, which will be operated by robots on Malapert Mountain and Sundial Explorer, as a mobile habitat, will travel to the outpost, after doing research on South-Pole Aitkin Basin, and get water to be self-sufficient for further operations.

13

C R E AT I N G T H E PAT H

Creating a path for the habitat, which it can track, is more about putting the habitat on ideal spots, so it can always stay on the bright side of the moon and produce constant energy by solar cells. The main problem was to find a way to extend the habitat’s research parameter to equatorial areas and to ensure, that it travels less than 10 km/h, so the stability can be provided for interior laboratory and the habitat. A suitable option is found to deal with the problem, in which all areas on the moon can be explored and at the same time the habitat is put always on the bright side of the moon.

14

C R E AT I N G T H E PAT H

The first intention was to create circular path, which lays between south-pole and equatorial regions, but with this method, conducting a research on equatorial regions would be impossible and the habitat would not be able to travel to the water gathering outpost, which is on the center spot of south-pole.

By shaping the circular path in to an elliptical path, which extends to equatorial regions, the research on equatorial regions is guaranteed and it becomes easier for the habitat to visit Malapert Mountain to get water for life-support.

15

C R E AT I N G T H E PAT H

MALAPERT M. WATER GATHERING

By rotating the elliptical path around south-pole (water gathering station on Malapert Mountain) for further scientific research on different areas, a pattern of a lotus flower is created.

With this method, it is ensured, that all areas on lunar surface is researched and at the same time, that the habitat stays always on the bright side of the moon.

SPA BASIN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

ELLIPTICAL PATH

MALAPERT M. WATER GATHERING

At the first phase, the elliptical path will be drawn around South-Pole Aitkin Basin and Malapert Mountain, as they are selected as optimal locations for scientific research and water gathering.

16

H O W FA S T A R E W E T R AV E L I N G ?

To determine how fast the habitat must travel, the circumference of the elliptical path must be calculated. The maximum speed, is determined to be 10 km/h for scientific research. On polar regions, this speed can be higher, as no scientific research will be made at polar regions.

South-pole Aitkin Basin is one of the biggest basins on lunar surface (beside Oceanus Procellarum). If elliptical path is set on other regions in later phases the speed will be much less than calculated speed for SPA Basin.

MALAPERT M.

AITKIN CRATER

DATA OF ELLIPTICAL PATH

Semimajor: 2365 km Semiminor: 1434 km Circumference: 6146 + 500 km

(extra 500 km is added in consideration of rough terrain)

17

H O W FA S T A R E W E T R AV E L I N G ?

8.125 km/h

11.04 km/h

12.88 km/h

5.76 km/h

9.73 km/h

6.3 km/h

5.67 km/h

6.3 km/h

5.67 km/h

10.89 km/h

10.89 km/h

9.91 km/h

Return to the Outpost with a spare time of 5 days 9.91 km/h

A basic simulation is conducted to see how fast the habitat should move on the elliptical path.

With the exception of polar regions, the determined speed of 10 km/h is not overcomed. A spare time of 5 days can be spent on EVA missions and on necessary duration for resource gathering on outpost.

18

H O W FA S T A R E W E T R AV E L I N G ?

South Pole

Av. Speed: 11 km/h for 3 days

Av. Speed: 7 km/h

South-Pole Aitkin Basin

for 10 days

Av. Speed: 9 km/h for 10 days

SPEED DATA

Avarage Speed in Total: 8,89 km/h

Maximum Speed: 12, 88 km/h (on polar regions) Minimum Speed: 5,76 km/h

19

ROBOTIC ROVERS FOR OUR AID

ELLIPTICAL PATH

PROMISING RESEARCH SPOTS

As the Sundial Explorer travels along its determined path, the research samples must be collected by robotic rovers. Rovers will be sent to the promising locations around the elliptical path. The hydrogen fuel cells will be used for sustaining energy for rovers, so they can collect samples without being bound to solar energy and they will be able to work in dark spots. As the habitat moves along its path, it’s going to be an anchor point for sample collecting rovers.

If a human fieldwork is necessary on a specific spot, the habitat will leave its path and travel to the region for fieldwork.

20

ROBOTIC ROVERS FOR OUR AID

THE ELLIPTICAL PATH OF MOBILE HABITAT

RESEARCH POTENTIAL Example Aitkin Crater

ROVER 2 ROVER 1

INTEGRETION OF MOVEMENT SYSTEM OF ROBOTS IN HABITATS

CONSTRUCTION ROBOTS FOR RESOURCE OUTPOSTS

e construction of first outpost Malapert Mountain

- The Habitats will travel on the optimal path which as an prime research area will include South Pole Aitkin Basin and South Pole Region.

- The Research of South Pole Aitkin Basin will take 8 lunar cycles.

ROVER 4

2039

2039

THE MOBILE HABITAT MODULES

2038

ater is gathered from polar traps (like Shoemaker or kleton Crater)

ALL AREAS ON MOON IS EXPLORED AND MAPPED BY SUNDIAL EXPLORER

ROVER 3

e Robots will be delivered with ructural skeleton.

N

A CRATER WITH

OUTPOST READY FOR WATER GATHERING - Outpost starts to gather resources like water and as sub-materials

ELLIPTIC PATH OF SOUTH POLE & ORIENTALE BASIN - After research is in SPE Basin is done, another optimal path for the Habitat will be designed in another region of moon.

- As another important research area, Orientale Basin can be included within the borders of eliptical path.

4 rovers will collect samples from craters. They will be released in their each individual spot. If also oxygen and hydrogen.

- Outpost is operated by Robots

the sample collecting will take more than one day. The rover and the sample will be collected after finishing a round around the elliptical path (after one lounar cycle).

21

STORYBOARD

The first phase of the storyboard starts with the date, when the operational activities of ISS ends. The scientific operations of Sundial Explorer is designed to be a new era on space research after depart of ISS. The storyboard is created in the way, in which the payload, which will be sent, can be minimized. The skeletal shell, which will be sent with the construction robots and provide mobility and energy supply for them, can be used also for the habitat in later phases. With this method, only one payload, which includes the living module, will be enough to create a suitable mobile habitat.

22

S T O RY B O A R D

PHASE 1

2024 PHASE 1: COMMUNICATION PROVIDED

3 SATELLITES

IN LUNAR ORBIT

Before sending any rovers or any habitat, 3 satellites will be set on lunar orbit to provide communication and navigation features for robots and the habitat. Satellites can also perform spectral scanning, in which surface features of Moon can be mapped.

9 Heavy x3 Falcon Launches

23

S T O RY B O A R D

PHASE 2

2030 PHASE 2: RESOURCE OUTPOST SPOT DETERMINED

PRE-EXPLORATION

BY ROVERS

The potential location of resource gathering outpost, specifically location for water gathering station, will be scouted by rovers.

9 Heavy x2 Falcon Launches 2 rovers will be sent in one capsule

24

S T O RY B O A R D

PEAK OF ETERNAL SUNSHINE

MALAPERT MOUNTAIN

PHASE 3

CONSTANT SUNLIGHT

HABITAT

2034

PHASE 3: RESOURCE OUTPOST IS READY TO GATHER

The Construction robots will be delivered with a structural

CONSTRUCTION ROBOTS FOR RESOURCE OUTPOST

skeleton which gives the robots their mobility. The Construction of first outpost will be on Malapert Mountain.

Water will be gathered from polar cold traps like in Shackelton, Shoemaker and Malapert Craters.

9 Heavy x2 Falcon Launches + Additional Launches for Material Transport

25

S T O RY B O A R D

PHASE 4

2037 PHASE 4: SOUTH-POLE AITKIN BASIN IS WELL RESEARCHED

THE MOBILE HABITAT

MODULES

The Habitat will travel on an optimal path, which, as a prime research area, includes South Pole Aitkin Basin and South Pole. The Research of South Pole Aitkin Basin will take minimum 8 lunar cycles.

9 Heavy x2 Falcon Launches

One launch will be for crew + Additional Launches for Material Transport

26

S T O RY B O A R D

S K E L E TA L I N T E G R AT I O N ( B E T W E E N P H A S E 3 & 4 )

SKELETAL

INTEGRATION

The Skeleton of Construction robots are designed to be energy and mobility system of the mobile habitatÄ°in next phases. 2 Skeleton modules come together to create a body with 8 wheels for maximum stability. The living module will be then attached to this body.

27

S T O RY B O A R D

PHASE 5

SPA BASIN ORIENTALE BASIN

2038 PHASE 5: ALL AREAS ON MOON IS EXPLORED AND MAPPED BY SUNDIAL EXPLORER After the research in SPA Basin is complete, another optimal

ELLIPTICAL PATH

TO LOTUS FLOWER

path for the habitat is designed on another region of moon.

As another important research area, Orientale Basin can be included within the borders of further drawn elliptical paths.

For achiving this, a rotation of elliptical path around the water gathering station on South Pole will be enough.

28

CHOOSING THE RIGHT LOCOMOTION

As the mobility the main topic of the project is, a great importance is put on creating a good locomotion concept, as the mobility is provided by locomotion. 3 different variatons of locomotion concepts are created, which are inspired by various sources. The Variation 3 “Camp & Rover Wheels” was the prime candidate for the habitat’s locomotion, but it contradicted with the “Sundial” concept, in which the habitat has to be in constant movement.

In further research, it’s found that, the torque based locomotion is still the best and the most energy efficient solution for locomotion. It’s decided to build a 4 wheeled skeletal shell, in which 2 shells will be attached together with a spinal connection, as like as in the first locomotion variation (Centipide). The locomotion will be torque based and the source of it will be wheels.

29

CHOOSING THE RIGHT LOCOMOTION

CENTIPIDE

CENTIPIDE LOCOMOTION VARIATION #1

FORCE

FORCE

For the first locomotion variation, a comprehensive research was made on ATHLETE

Design, made by NASA. A spine is added on the top of skeletal shell and when the

modules are combined, the locomotion is created, by spinal contractions. In this

way, the wheels provide not the source of locomotion, but are just tools to minimize

fraction. By not choosing a torque based locomotion, the operational life-span of

mobility will be extended, as the source of locomotion is located far away from ground and therefore from lunar dust.

30

31

LOCOMOTION VARIATION #2

WORM

FORCE

torque based locomotion.

life-span of mobility is extended, however use of energy for locomotion is far much than a

the source of locomotion is not bound to problems caused by lunar dust, therefore operational

changing the shape of modules via changing the pressure in them. In this kind of movement,

by inflating or deflating the modules, which are bound together. The movement is created by

gh modular muscle contractions. The same kind of movement can be provided for the habitat

In the second locomotion variation, the movement of a worm is observed. A worm moves throu-

FORCE

CHOOSING THE RIGHT LOCOMOTION

WORM

CHOOSING THE RIGHT LOCOMOTION

CAMP & ROVER WHEELS

ROVERS - in Travel Mode: carrying the habitat - in Camp Mode: Sample Collecting around the habitat

CAMP MODE

When it arrives on its traveling destination, it gets into the camp mode, in which the

TRAVEL MODE

As the third locomotion idea, 2 different modes for the habitat was created. In one

CAMP & ROVER WHEELS

volumes in the habitat are inflated and can be used for living purposes and as labora-

mode (Travel), the habitat is in a mobile state and travel from one location to another.

LOCOMOTION VARIATION #3

tory. On travel mode habitat will be attached to 4 rovers and when it gets into camp

mode the rovers will be sent to do scientific research and to collect samples.

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D E S I G N F E AT U R E S O F S K E L E TA L S H E L L SOLAR PANELS

RADIATORS

STRUCTURAL SKELETON

- Min. 30 m2 of solar panels ensures that the habitat will have sufficient energy.

- A 200 kWh power storage is present for 48 hour emergency or if the habitat will cross to the dark side.

- The surface of panels can be configured and rotated in to the direction of sun to get sunlight in 90o degrees

- Radiators, underneath the solar panels prevent solar panels to overheat and are also responsible for cooling in the habitat.

- Skeleton works as the carrier and presentation of all infrustructural elements on the habitat, as it carries solar panels and responsible for mobility.

- Skeleton is made of aliminium trusses, with a thickness of 40 cm (min.

28 cm)

LIVING MODULE

ENGINE FORCE

SUSPENSIONS & ROTATION

- Dimensions: l x w x h 8,14 x 4,58 x 3,67 m - The hatch door has a big glass panel, in order to give the crew, the opportunity to observe lunar surface and space.

- The Habitat must be able to travel up to 15 km/h. A Vehicle of 15 tons must have at least an engine with 1,75 horsepowers to ensure its mobilization. Emergency sitiuations in mind, every engine (8 seperate engines for every wheel) will have 1 horsepower (in total 8 horsepowers)

- Suspension system is inspired by Rocker Boogie suspension system of Curiosity Rover. The Rocker Boogie system is not directly copied, because with that kind of system the tension of load on skeleton would be very high, which might not be optimal.

- Rotator engine (for steering) for wheels are located at the interception point of triangular legs and skeletal trusses.

33

5

5

5

WC

water dispenser

water dispenser

34

shower

8

8

installations

shower

installations folding table

folding WC table

installations

water shower microwave microwave dispenser

microwave

WC

life support systems life support systems

life support systems

installations

8

installations

folding table

installations glove box

tool box

tool box

running tool mil box running mil

glove running mil box

glove box

D E S I G N F E AT U R E S O F I N T E R I O R PLAN

35

4

4

Detail 1

8

LIVING LIVING HYGIENEHYGIENELAB

8

LAB

EVA

Detail 2

EVA

D E S I G N F E AT U R E S O F I N T E R I O R

SECTIONS

D E S I G N F E AT U R E S O F I N T E R I O R

SECTIONS

LIVING

soft ceiling

exchangeable separator

soft ceiling

exchangeable separator

personal items storage

personal items storage lighting

water tank around the crew waterquarters tank around the crew quarters life support system racks - water recovery life support system racks -- oxygen generator water recovery -- O controller 2 - N2 generator oxygen

foldable lighting screens foldable screens food storage food storage cooking equipment cooking equipment

lighting

lighting aluminum composite pane

aluminum composite pane

toiletries storage

toiletries storage

- O2 - N2 controller folding chair

folding chair

folding chair

folding chair hydraulic table hydraulic table

LAB lighting

projector curtain

lighting

projector curtain

lab equipment storage

hydro farm experiment

lab equipment storage

hydro farm experiment

extra space suit

extra space suit lab equipment storag

lab equipment storag tools pane

experiment racks

tools pane experiment rack

experiment racks

experiment rack suit por

suit por tool box entry

tool box entry exchangeable rack system exchangeable rack system

36

D E S I G N F E AT U R E S O F I N T E R I O R

SECTIONS

HYGIENE soft ceiling soft ceiling

algae bags algae bags personal items storage

personal items storage personal items storage water tank around the crew waterquarters tank around the crew quarters life support system racks -life water recovery support system racks oxygenrecovery generator -- water controller O2 - N2 generator -- oxygen

personal items storage

lighting

lighting

lighting aluminum composite panel

lighting

aluminum composite panel toiletries storage

hygiene products storage

toiletries storage

hygiene products storage

- O2 - N2 controller folding chair folding chair urine recovery urine recovery

E VA projector curtain projector curtain

hydro farm experiment hydro farm experiment

extra space suits

CO2 N2 H2 tanks

extra space suits lab equipment storage

CO2 N2 H2 tanks

lab equipment storage tools panel tools panel experiment racks experiment racks suit port suit port tool box entry

fuel cell recharge glovecell box entry fuel recharge

tool box entry

glove box entry

37

D E S I G N F E AT U R E S O F I N T E R I O R

D E TA I L S

D1

FORMATION OF THE RAMP DEPARTURE OF ROVERS

D2

THE WINDOW ON SLEEPING QUARTERS

alu

mi

niu

m

co

mp

osi

45°

te

pa

ne

l

WINDOW 1/20 38

D E S I G N F E AT U R E S O F I N T E R I O R

L I F E S U P P O RT S Y S T E M WATER FROM COLD TRAPS The water is obtained by the outpost on Malapert mountain will be transfered to the habitat every 28 days

WATER TANK

CREW

- Water for crew: 1197 kg - Water for Electrolysis: 445 kg - % 80 recycling Potential: 1110 kg Water that tank must hold

(28 days Report)

- Oxygen Consumption: 210 kg - Water Consumption: 1197 kg - Nitrogen Need: 210 kg

CO2 Scrub Tank 530 kg

H2O Tank

Grey Water

ELECTROLYSIS

+

-

performed by Solar Energy

O2

H2

RECYCLING

HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS FOR ROVERS

The grey hygiene water, urine, respiration steam from the crew and waste water from fuel cells of rovers are recycled.

Recycling efficiency is %80.

The hydrogen and oxygen, which is produced by electrolysis will be delivered to rovers, to be used in fuel cells, which are more efficient than batteries. Fuel cells produce water as waste product, which can be used further.

39

D E S I G N F E AT U R E S O F I N T E R I O R

PROTECTIVE SHELL

pyramid textured blanket aluminum bumper 0,2 mm kevlar composite 0.64 cm nextel fabric 0,3 cm spacer 0,5 cm MLI 0,5 cm ALU pressure shell 0,2 mm polyethylene 15 cm ALU inner shell 0.1 mm

OUTER SHELL 1/10

40

ASSEMBLY PHASE

ASSEMBLY PHASE

6

5

ASSEMBLY PHASE

ASSEMBLY PHASE

3

4

ASSEMBLY PHASE

ASSEMBLY PHASE

2

1

A S S E M B LY O N L U N A R S U R FA C E

41