Energy and Mines asked our speakers for the upcoming Perth event on May 7-8 to tell us about their particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining; the challenges they see at this stage of the transition, and what’s needed to enable mine decarbonisation.
Their responses demonstrate the full range of disciplines and expertise involved in this complex transition and provide insight into the barriers as well as the necessary changes that will allow mining to reach this ultimate goal. This is just a taster of what’s to come next month in Perth when these and over 80 other top mining and decarbonisation expert speakers share their views on the most pressing topics mines are facing at this stage of the net zero transition.
Visit Energy and Mines, May 7-8, Crown Perth for full event details.
Q&A with BRUCE
WATSON General Manager –Sustainability & Environment, CITIC Pacific MiningBruce is a panelist on “Identifying Pathways for Energy Decarbonisation” at Energy and Mines in Perth.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
BW: We are a Magnetite iron ore mining and processing operation with our own open pit mine, concentrator, very efficient gas fired combined cycle power station, port and desalination plant. Our emissions profile is about 80% from our gas fired power station and about 20% from diesel mining and ancillary operations.
We do have spare electrical capacity with our efficient power station, so we are looking to electrify some of the large dieselusing mining fleet as the opportunities arise in the asset life cycle. For example we are currently assessing the move to electric trailing cable shovels. Initially this would only be for 2 of 6 due to the asset life cycle.
Our diesel shovels use about 400L/hour. To implement electric shovels, we would need a transmission line down into the pit. If we start with 2 electric shovels initially, this gives scope to expand to the remainder of the fleet at the right time. Having a transmission line into the pit may also open up other opportunities such as installing a trolley assist system for the haul truck coming up the ramp to the crushers.
Down the track, as technology advances and battery electric or fuel cell or hydrogen haul trucks evolve, we will assess the options at the time. But, at the moment, the technology is just not there for our operations.
Also, we will be looking to assess supplementing our gas fired power station with renewables. Our 480MW power station has an emissions intensity of 0.42 tCO2/MWh, so it’s very good. To go to renewables, we will look at a PPA and/ or installing our own solar/wind/battery project. A renewable project requires a large footprint, so land tenure is required and our studies show large capital is also required.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
BW: For our operations, it is the current lack of available technology for our large haul trucks to meet shorter term targets. Technology such as renewables are available now, but they are not operating at the scale required to decarbonise
large industrial mining operations in our area. The challenge is making it to the operational stage at scale, the solution is one step at a time or many steps in parallel as significant emission reductions are required this decade. One of those steps is access to renewable projects.
Our project is on a State Agreement area, so we need government support for any connection to the North West Interconnected System (NWIS the Pilbara power network). This connection could open up opportunities for Power Purchasing Agreements with the Australia Renewable Energy Hub and our power station could support the stability of the NWIS as renewables come into the system. It is also worth noting that our State Agreement Act from the early 2000s did not contemplate the footprint or land required for any renewable project, so that needs to be addressed.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
BW: The development of suitable low or zero emission mining assets like haul trucks. The development of cheaper and better battery technology to help with renewable power integration and hydrogen for hard to abate sectors such as fuel cell haul trucks or long-term energy storage or ammonia for marine fleets. Also, for our project, for the government to facilitate a transmission line to connect our power station to the NWIS. This could benefit the whole Pilbara area.
Tim is speaking on the panel on “Putting Decarbonisation Plans into Action” in Perth at Energy and Mines.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
TH: My key focus is on renewable energy generation, reduced and zero emission materials haulage solutions and energy efficiency within our mines. 1/3rd of Gold Fields emissions is diesel use.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
TH: Cost of decarbonisation – having a techno-economic solution which is competing with other capital. Non-diesel alternative mobile equipment maturity is still low for Australian mining applications. There is limited industry
knowledge in this area to collaborate. However, there are some companies and contractors that are starting to move in this direction.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
TH: Support: For underground mining – what are the ventilation incentives for non-diesel equipment? Government incentives for going green.
Solutions:
• Hybrid equipment is looking like the next step to decarbonise whilst BEV technology matures – CAT 2900XE / Epiroc MT65 e-drive
• Smarter mining – improving utilisation, vent on demand, VSDs, more efficient motors, automation.
Q&A with JACQUES BORREMANS Director, CharIN Asia
Jacques will be interviewed by Patrick Collis, Manager of Mine Electrification at Roy Hill on the latest developments in battery electric vehicle charging infrastructure and interoperability at Energy and Mines.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
JB: CharIN is the organisation that represents all players in the E-mobility ecosystem and more specifically the safe and efficient charging/discharging of batteries and it’s different applications (V2G, Smart Charging, Plug ‘n Charge, Automated Charging Systems, etc…) in the Automotive, Truck, Mining, Marine & Aeronautics industries.
Our members discuss and identify technical requirements that allow for a smooth experience towards the electrification of present carbon intensive modes of transport and energy transfer. This comes with a strong emphasis on interoperability/conformity of assets and providing a secured operation/protection of infrastructure through encryption of communications protocol ISO15118.
In cooperation with ICMM we’ve set up the Mining Interoperability Task Force. This is a platform where both miners and OEMs can discuss the technical requirements
and future standards that will enable the electrification of mining operations on a worldwide scale.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
JB: Replacing existing mining equipment, carbon fired power plants with electrified/renewable power equivalents without affecting the efficiencies of mining operations. This requires charging systems and operations on a MegaWatt Charging level. At the same time, V2G will allow renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro, etc…) generated electricity to be stored and taken out of batteries in an efficient way.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
JB: At this moment the main focus is on:
• Developing a Ruggedised MegaWatt Charging Systems that allow for operations in environments where Humidity, Dust, Temperature can affect mechanical connections.
• Extreme Megawatt charging connections with an initial target from 12MW up to 18MW
• Dynamic Charging Systems that allows battery electric haul trucks to charge its on-board batteries and propel using its motors, while it is in motion, thereby ensuring that it maintains their availability or utilization.
We expect that in the future mines will go for an even smaller carbon footprint by linking both renewable power plants and battery powered mining equipment through V2G applications.
Q&A with DOMINIC DACRUZ
Executive - ESG and Stakeholder Engagement, Zenith Energy
Dominic is hosting the interactive panel with mining and technology experts on “Do Renewables have the Capacity to Support Mining’s Decarbonisation?” at Energy and Mines.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
DD: Stationary energy power systems with meaningful traditional owner participation and engagement.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
DD: The last lap. The last 15% of power which is unable to be supplied by economic amounts of bulk renewables and short duration batteries.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
DD: An interconnected network; long duration storage and seasonal storage.
Q&A with MIKE HOULAHAN CFO, Horizon Power
Mike is speaking on the panel on “Renewable Energy Hubs for Mines” at Energy and Mines in Perth.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
MH: Horizon Power’s Decarbonisation Pathways Index has allowed us to assess where North West Interconnected System (NWIS) businesses are in their journey towards more sustainable energy practices, and we are working closely with mining customers to provide renewable energy solutions, or renewable energy firming solutions.
We’re committed to the WA Government’s goal of being net zero by 2050, including its interim target of an 80 percent reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 (below 2020 levels) through providing cleaner energy to mining and other customers.
Clean energy adoption, collaboration with Traditional Owners and Aboriginal people including fostering Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participation, industry partnerships, and common use infrastructure are all key areas of decarbonisation for Horizon Power.
Common use transmission infrastructure to connect mining and new green industries to renewable energy zones, and large-scale renewable projects and firming solutions, is the area with the most impact.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
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MH: A lack of necessary infrastructure for renewable energy distribution and a lack of access to grid electricity is complicating the transition to clean energy sources.
High capital investment is required to build, own, and operate – in some cases – gigawatt scale energy systems that incorporate renewable energy generation (wind and solar), energy storage, and network infrastructure which should be deployed to core business alongside automation, electrification and growth initiatives.
Horizon Power is an experienced electricity transmission partner with the ability to provide renewable energy pathways that can position the mining industry for green energy exports and new local industries in support of a strong economy.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the decarbonised mine?
MH: Enabling a decarbonised mine is crucial for reducing emissions and sustainable mining practices.
Alternative fuels, renewable technologies, renewable energy zones, scaling up renewable projects, grid firming, efficient energy use, electrification, policy support, streamlined environmental approvals, government support for land access, Traditional Owner engagement, support for common use infrastructure, and a collaborative approach to research and implementation are all ways we can move towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly mining industry.
Our transition to a low carbon economy is a collaborative journey and will require the collective efforts of governments, businesses, communities, and consumers.
Q&A with VANIDA LENNON
Managing Director, Tjiwarl Contracting ServicesVanida is speaking during the session on “Partnering with First Nations to Meet Mining’s ESG and Climate Goals” at Energy and Mines in Perth.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
VL: Taking a holistic approach: prioritising opportunities to decarbonise whilst adding to the profitability of the new /existing mines with a focus on the intersection with
Traditional Owner rights & participation.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
VL: ESG mobilisation - Traditional Owner (TO) rights/ economic participation and legal uncertainty - mine claims to credits (ACCU) and access to capital for major upgrades.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
VL:
• Federal/State drive: Access to designated capital funds for major upgrades in partnership with TOs.
• Legal Certainty: Land Use Rights model for TOs and Mines
• Decarbonisation opportunity for changing economic imbalances of the TO and its mining neighbour
• Regional Integration: Tjiwarl Katu Power Goldfields Initiative
Q&A with STUART TARRANT CFO, Lithium Australia
Stuart is participating in the panel on “Financing and Prioritizing Mine Decarbonisation” in Perth.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
ST: Circularity. Developing a sustainable path to lowering GHG through recycling and reuse of batteries.
E&M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
ST:
• There is no roadmap – there is a leap of faith that production metrics can be met in a post-electrified world
• Cost – Conversion of equipment will require significant upfront capital and maintenance of the transition will be inefficient
• Knowledge – most products are not well known in the industry however it is learning fast!
E&M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
ST:
• Collaboration – co-investment and testing of new technologies will allow a faster uptake with lower net investment in time / cost
• Integration – Planning the interface between energy (wind / solar), storage (ESS) and applications (SME) will ensure that systems can be right sized for the operation
• Begin with the end in mind – Understand how the battery / solar applications will be reused / recycled up front –waste will be significant and this needs some planning
Q&A with MATT ALLEN
CFO, Global Lithium ResourcesMatt is speaking during the panel on “Realizing a Sustainable Australian Battery Metals Supply Chain” at Energy and Mines.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
MA:
• Establishing greenfield mining developments with the strongest sustainability credentials that reinforce Australia as a destination of choice for securing raw materials supplies
• Lithium as a commodity is part of the solution through electrification – but the mining of lithium needs to consider its own carbon footprint in the development of the mining solution
• For projects other than Tier 1 developments, the additional cost burden to achieve low carbon intensity will be the same challenge faced in all mining projects
• It needs a focus on making sustainable choices at the DFS stage or earlier than the project will adopt reduced carbon intensity development pathways not just for securing financing solutions, but as part of the overall project value
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
MA:
• The cost of low carbon power, haulage and logistics solutions can be prohibitive for higher cost operations
• Tier 1 assets can defray the adoption of low carbon solutions over a longer mine life and/or a lower cost base
• Board’s and Management of junior miners need to build the cost of these solutions into their project
economics early if they are serious about delivering a decarbonisation agenda
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
MA:
• Shared infrastructure around power, haulage, logistics and water that enable take-up by remote mine operations
• Engaging with all stakeholders to understand the sustainability landscape in which they operate and expect new start-ups to operate
• Developing bifurcated commodity pricing mechanisms that reward/value the carbon intensity of new developments
• Engaging with financing providers to provide a carbon cost within project economic evaluation that consistently treats new developments
Q&A with CARL KOPKE
Regional Director – Energy & Resources, Australia, Stantec
Carl is moderating the panel on “Putting Decarbonisation Plans into Action” at Energy and Mines.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
CK: In short, like any project, ensuring a reasonable return period. This includes knowing if our client wishes to be a leader or a follower in their decarbonisation journey. Do they want to be absolutely net zero within their own right or is success defined as being a contributor towards a general decarbonised industry.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
CK:
• cost of change, the impact on C1 and the absolute return period,
• measure of practical feasibility against each option, and
• access to technology
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
In my opinion:
• access to a fully integrated green power distribution
network,
• a clear path to federal and state government grants or corporate tax incentives for the building of infrastructure needed to decarbonise mining operations and/or the procurement of plant,
• (a very hot topic I know), international acceptance and demand for differential commodity pricing for ‘green’ minerals and metals, and
• further to that above, social license to sell ‘green technologies and assets’ i.e. EV’s, that are certified to be procured through a ‘green’ supply chain. Governments should consider this within their policies relating to curtailing the sale of ICE’s and the promotion of EV’s and other battery solutions.
from regulators, investors, and customers to decarbonise operations. With the ambitious zero-carbon goal set ahead, the improvement of hybrid technology for cleaner mining procedures as well as the upgrade for cleaner energy consumption is extremely urgent for the mining industry and the transition period is pretty challenging.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
LS: On the one hand, strengthening the importance of the whole industry chain to decarbonisation will help regulate and standardize the mining industry because we believe it is the right time for miners to take action and accelerate their efforts to decarbonise while using this as a differentiator toward customers. On the other hand, support from renewable energy providers like JinkoSolar to lower the energy consumption during mining from a longer-term perspective will help realize decarbonised mines.
Lin will be speaking on the panel entitled “Identifying Pathways for Energy Decarbonisation” at Energy and Mines.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
LS: The mining industry is at a tipping point where sustainability and decarbonisation are top items on most companies’ agendas. To achieve a 1.5°C climate-change target by 2050, the mining industry will need to reduce direct CO2 emissions. Therefore, as a photovoltaic company who attaches great importance to ESG management, we also actively undertake the social responsibility of carbon reduction.
While continuously strengthening the management requirements of carbon emissions of our own factory base, providing environment-friendly PV modules to provide clean energy to mine partners, our sustainability team also collaborates closely with our suppliers, and sets strict requirements and screening of our suppliers in terms of carbon emissions.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
LS: It is said that the mining industry contributes 2 to 3 percent of global CO2 emissions and has a large role to play in emissions reduction. The top challenges for mines are multiple since this industry is facing increasing pressure
Q&A with
RICK WILKINSON CEO, EnergyQuestRick will be presenting on “Gas Pricing and Mine Decarbonisation” at Energy and Mines in Perth.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
RW: EnergyQuest is an Australian-based energy advisory firm, which specialises in independent energy market analysis and strategy for energy companies, energy buyers, investors and governments. Our work includes oil, gas, power, LNG, renewable energy, pipelines and transport fuels. We provide market insights through our flagship EnergyQuarterly report, multi-client reports and consulting services.
We work with a range of clients including gas users, gas producers, investment banks, private equity, and governments. We are passionate about providing our clients with accurate data and independent, rigorous analysis so they can confidently navigate the energy transition.
E&M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
RW: All energy users need reliable and affordable energy supplies. The decarbonisation transition is creating new energy supply opportunities that may lower costs in the
longer term, but this requires careful capital investment in the short term, in an energy market with increasing volatility in supply and pricing.
For example, the WA gas market has moved from low prices and abundant supply to record prices, tight supply, and the potential for shortfalls in coming years. The east coast market faced similar issues in 2022 when low output from coal fired power and renewables caused a major energy price spike, which in turn led to a series of government interventions in the market.
Choosing the right technology and capital investment path, with this volatility and uncertainty in energy markets, will continue to be a key challenge for mines for some time to come.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
RW: Projects need to be assessed with carbon prices and constraints that are consistent with government policy settings. When it comes to energy supply, a shorter term focus will minimise exposure to government policy changes and swings in the market. Longer term, choosing the right lowcarbon technology to invest in, and when to do that without closing off alternatives too early, is a critical strategic decision.
Q&A with BRIAN BOITANO
EGM Sales & Marketing, Liebherr-Australia
Brian is speaking on the panel focused on fleet decarbonisation with leading OEMS at Energy and Mines.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
BB: Liebherr is committed to delivering an energy agnostic set of solutions for customers who seek to decarbonise their fleets via different technologies. Liebherr today operates the largest fleet of trolley powered mining trucks globally. We continue to improve the technology and expand on our footprint.
Today, we are developing one of the most advanced battery electric mining truck programs in the industry, partnering with Fortescue to deliver an operating fleet by ’25. And while
we operate more than 60 electric powered mining shovels globally, today we are both repowering existing excavator fleets in Australia with multiple customers and delivering new electric powered excavators to customers.
Further to those industry leading programs, Liebherr is committing R&D in other alternative fuels, including Hydrogen, Ammonia, and HVO. We have diesel engines today capable of running these alternative fuels. We operate Tier 4 engines and invest heavily in fuel efficiency.
We are further focused on decarbonising other surface mining equipment and have an active program in place to achieve that goal. We remain dedicated to partnering with our customers to implement holistic fleet solutions focused on achieving their decarbonization goals.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
BB:
• High capital costs: Implementing new technologies and infrastructure for decarbonisation often requires significant upfront investment, which can be challenging for mines, particularly smaller operations.
• Technical feasibility: Developing and implementing decarbonisation solutions that are technically feasible and compatible with existing mining operations can be complex, especially in remote or challenging environments.
• Dependence on fossil fuels: Many mining operations rely heavily on fossil fuels for power generation, transportation, and heating, making it difficult to transition to low-carbon alternatives.
• Regulatory uncertainty: Uncertainty surrounding future carbon pricing mechanisms, emissions regulations, and government policies can make it difficult for mines to plan and invest in decarbonisation initiatives.
• Supply chain complexities: Mines often have complex supply chains involving multiple suppliers and contractors, which can present challenges for coordinating decarbonisation efforts across the entire value chain.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
BB:
• Policy support: Governments can provide incentives, subsidies, and regulatory frameworks to encourage the adoption of decarbonisation technologies and practices in the mining sector.
• Research and development: Continued investment in research and development is essential for developing and
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• Collaboration and knowledge sharing: Collaboration between industry stakeholders, research institutions, and government agencies can facilitate knowledge sharing and best practices for decarbonisation in the mining sector.
• Financial mechanisms: Access to financing and investment mechanisms, such as green bonds and carbon markets, can help mines fund decarbonisation projects and overcome the high upfront costs associated with implementation.
• Capacity building: Training programs and capacitybuilding initiatives can help equip mining companies with the knowledge and skills needed to implement decarbonisation strategies effectively and efficiently. A keen focus needs to be placed on site based technical roles, like that of electricians and fleet support personnel who will need to adopt new skills as alternative power sources come online.
Q&A
with
PIETER JOUBERT President & Chief Investment Officer, CrossBoundary Energy“Financing and Prioritizing Mine Decarbonisation” is the title of the panel Pieter is joining at Energy and Mines in Perth.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
PJ: CrossBoundary Energy aims to be the leading provider of fully-financed, renewable energy-led power solutions to the mining sector across Africa and Australia. Our flexible mandate allows us to consider not only traditional hybrid renewable energy power solutions, but any ancillary infrastructure that supports decarbonisation, like fleet and process electrification.
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
PJ: Balancing ambitious decarbonisation requirements with pressure for high shareholder returns is a big challenge for mining operations. This compounds the choices that mines have to make: there is a huge array of new technologies
available, and it can be a challenge for mines to determine which technologies are both scalable and bankable, given the life of mine. Adopting new technologies can also carry a high upfront or switching cost.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
PJ: Enabling decarbonisation technologies through optimal capital allocation based on risk and reward - allowing miners to take on mining risk, and infrastructure experts taking on infrastructure asset risk - will be key. In addition, flexible contracting solutions for the provision of non-core decarbonisation services (B2B contracting, not project finance) will be a lever for supporting decarbonisation efforts.
Q&A with ANDREW STRICKLAND
Executive - Business Development,Blackstone Minerals
Andrew is also participating in the panel on “Financing and Prioritizing Mine Decarbonisation” in Perth.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
AS:
• Availability of infrastructure like renewable power, rail and others which lower carbon
• Removing carbon use form mines including diesel and other ICE hydrocarbons
• Reducing waste / inefficiency from supply chains / flowsheets
E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
AS: Economic incentives are not there. For example, nickel market is driven by Indonesian pricing. There is no economic incentive for nickel producers to do better than that. In a world governed by IRR and NPV, that means that low carbon is not a priority.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
• Increasing the availability of renewable power supply to mining centres through government funding
• Dis-incentivise carbon use through tax / environmental
bonds etc, with funds to be directed towards creating renewable sources.
Q&A with SUN LI Wind Engineering & Business Director, Goldwind
Sun Li is participating in the panel on “Do Renewables have the Capacity to Support Mining’s Decarbonisation?” at Energy and Mines.
E+M: What is your particular focus when it comes to decarbonising mining?
SL: The Minerals Council of Australia commits an industry ambition to achieve decarbonisation of mining operations net zero emissions by 2050. Replacing current energy sources with renewable energy is one of the approaches with higher and higher renewable energy fraction project implemented in the mining sector. “100% renewable energy in mining” is not mission impossible anymore. The start of this journey
was quite difficult when a small 1.7MW off-grid PV project was implemented in Qld in 2014, contributing up to 20% of daytime demand and offsetting the mining operation’s reliance on diesel fuels. To overcome 30% renewable penetration, wind must be introduced to utilize the renewable resource in nighttime. In 2020, a flagship project (Agnew Hybrid Renewable Project, which received funding from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) as part of ARENA’s Advancing Renewables Program, with 17.85MW of wind from Goldwind) was implemented and achieved more than 50% renewable fraction.
By introducing large-scale battery storage for the hybrid system, the fraction could be reaching more than 80%. But innovation and new technology is needed to 100% eliminate fossil fuels. Goldwind standardised our turbine solution to a single turbine type at a standard hub height, as the site conditions are similar across most mining sites and could drastically shorten the lead time. By utilising one port for importing components and a single route, we leverage familiarity with and understanding of port and route conditions to minimise delivery uncertainties. Having one team and crew who work for all mining wind installations brings several advantages, such as becoming familiar with the installation environment, which enhances efficiency, and adapting to the higher HSE requirements commonly found
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E+M: What would you say are the top challenges for mines at this stage of the decarbonisation transition?
High energy intensity of mining, heavy reliance on emissionsintensive fuels like diesel and gas and lack of access to grid electricity make mining a challenging sector to decarbonise and threaten to derail Australia’s chance to be at the forefront of the shift to clean energy. Acting now with solar power systems and onshore wind energy are currently the most cost-effective options for large-scale electricity production, with battery expenses on a downward trend.
This means that the lowest cost power solutions for mining companies will now see a portion of the conventional sources (grid-electricity, diesel-electricity, and gas-electricity) replaced with renewable sources. Over time, as energy storage and renewable technologies continue to become more affordable, their portion of the overall energy mix will continue to grow. This decarbonisation of electricity for mining clearly reduces the environmental impact of the sector and its products and enhances its licence to operate. It’s promising to see that many mining companies are willing to invest more on higher renewable fraction hybrid power solutions, particularly incorporating wind energy, to maximise their use of renewable power, even during the nighttime.
The integration of these two sources, conventional and renewable, is critical to ensure reliable and safe power for the mine, with people often working underground relying on power for lighting and ventilation. If the sun stops shining or the wind stops blowing, the conventional sources or energy storage must cover the shortfall. This is often where renewable solutions are put into the ‘too hard basket’ and conventional solutions persist. But with the increasing number of operating projects in the sector and the proven successful integrations shared among those in the sector, the perceived new technology risk is rapidly diminishing.
The mining sector is not only calling for technical integration but also for commercial integration between conventional and renewable, with an eagerness to retain single point accountability for power. In the event of a power-related issue, the manager will want one point of contact, and not two. An IPP contract structure can reduce the financial investment pressure from the mine owner.
E+M: What are some of the key solutions or supports that need to be pushed forward to enable the “decarbonised mine”?
SL: Insights in technology show that renewable energy is driving the push for reducing carbon emissions. Large solar installations and strategically placed wind farms can provide affordable electricity that is emissions-free, while also being able to store energy in batteries for use at night. As a technology company, through technology innovation, Goldwind continuously introduces new turbine platforms with high capacity factors to further decrease the levelized cost of energy. Increasing the rotor size to improve the power generation efficiency is also a key aspect of this solution.
The Agnew microgrid consists of 18 MW gas and 3 MW diesel generation, a 10,000-panel 4 MW solar farm, five wind turbines delivering 17.85 MW, a 13 MW/4 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) and an advanced micro-grid control system. EDL owns and operates the micro-grid as part of a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Gold Fields. Since the commissioning of the microgrid, 54% of Agnew’s electrical power is renewable source power, resulting in a 42% net emissions reduction, and under the right conditions, more than 85% of the site’s electrical power can be generated by the solar farm and wind turbines. The Agnew project demonstrates that technology and commercial risk can be mitigated, providing a blueprint for other companies to deploy similar off-grid energy solutions, and demonstrating a pathway for commercialisation. The outcome of this project also provides key learnings for Gold Fields to consider as it develops similar and even more ambitious strategies at other mine sites.
Energy storage offers broader solutions: Modularity, energy density and declining costs make Li-ion batteries suitable for most applications, with vanadium flow batteries gaining traction for longer term storage applications. Green hydrogen and green ammonia gain momentum: Improving production processes are increasing access to these energy sources, which are suitable for critical mining and processing needs, including chemical reduction and process heat, as well as storage and transport applications.
Developing reliable and low-carbon power systems in remote and harsh conditions is a challenge many Australian miners are facing. Gary Bryant, APA Group General Manager Power Development, discusses recent developments in energy infrastructure and the benefits of bundled gas and renewable solutions.
ENERGY + MINES: What are the key developments that remote mines are looking at to integrate renewable energy to decarbonise energy systems?
GARY BRYANT: About two thirds of the 2050 forecast for electricity demand in the Pilbara primarily results from the transition away from diesel fuel. This will of course drive renewable electricity demand to 2050 and require continued investment in bundled energy solutions to support the resources industry to achieve three outcomes – energy that is reliable, affordable and low emissions.
Some of the largest miners across the country have committed to cutting their operational emissions by 30%, 50% and to real zero by 2030. We expect much of this future electricity demand to be underpinned by decarbonisation of heavy haul trucks, machinery and locomotives.
This will drive a requirement for new sources of renewable generation, such as solar, wind, batteries, and gas firming, which we estimate to be about $15 billion of investment across Western Australia’s minerals rich Pilbara region alone.
E+M: What are the challenges for miners trying to realise further emissions reductions across remote mine sites?
GB: Decarbonising the energy-intensive and typically remote operations of Australia’s mining and resources businesses will be a major undertaking.
Navigating the challenges of decarbonising the mining sector today will determine the success of their transition to a loweremissions future in 2030 and beyond. Renewable electricity generation in the Pilbara for example is expected to increase by about 30 times from 2024 to 2040.
Developing large-scale infrastructure in remote and often harsh natural environments of most of Australia’s mining communities is a unique challenge to the resources sector. That’s because the logistics of building and operating this amount of renewable and firming infrastructure in such remote regions, only adds to the challenges being experienced right across the Australian energy market.
Alongside these logistical challenges, there is continued pressure on supply chains and costs as, globally we seek to decarbonise, intensifying the pressure on materials, equipment supply and labour.
E+M: How is the shift to renewable energy changing market dynamics for gas and how will this evolve as miners look to decarbonise?
GB: The forecasted demand for gas power generation is increasing in the South West Interconnected System (SWIS) in Western Australia as renewables come online and coal exits.
The Western Australia Government announced a plan after the release of its 2021 Gas Statement of Opportunity (GSOO) report to accelerate the closure of the state-owned coalfired generators. These closures were incorporated into the 2022 GSOO, which significantly increased the predicted gas demand for the SWIS under this scenario. To put it simply, to successfully take coal out, gas must come in.
In mining regions like the Pilbara, the decarbonisation horizon out to 2050 is expected to facilitate considerable growth in renewables, which will also need to be backed by gas firming. Bundled energy solutions will help the mining sector achieve three outcomes – energy that is reliable, affordable and low emissions. That means gas generation, with a combination of gas storage and transmission, will need to continue to underpin the region’s energy reliability.
E+M: How are APA’s gas pipelines placed to support renewable energy and electrification in mining?
APA is a proud Australian company.
Our integrated business and track record of success as an owner-operator of critical energy infrastructure sets us apart.
From renewable energy, to electricity interconnectors and transmission, through to gas generation plants and transmission pipelines – we play a vital role in connecting Australian homes, businesses and communities with responsible energy solutions for today and tomorrow.
GB: The completion of our Northern Goldfields Interconnect Pipeline (NGI) in 2023 means Western Australia now has a truly interconnected gas pipeline network covering 2,690 kilometres from north to south and west to east.
By building the NGI and linking WA’s two major northsouth gas pipelines, APA has not just delivered a pipeline, but created greater flexibility and security to meet the state’s long-term energy needs. That is, as gas supply and demand ebbs and flows across the state, we will have the flexibility to move energy to where it is most needed, particularly as the new pipeline links the emerging Perth Basin to the Goldfields, which could boost gas supply to the region.
The 24-7 nature of remote mine operations in the Pilbara means the demand for gas power generation is critical. That’s because it’s capable of being turned on in minutes, and able to be sustained for days. This gives it a unique ability to deliver energy security when it’s needed most.
E+M: How are transmission developments in the Pilbara evolving to enable large-scale renewables for mines in the region?
GB: Regardless of where renewable energy is generated, for miners to decarbonise electricity transmission, infrastructure is required from the point of generation to the point of use. And the electricity transmission infrastructure will need to be sized for significant loads.
For this reason, APA remains focused on developing and delivering renewable power in a decentralised way, close to the mines to ensure the infrastructure that is needed is built to ensure power is both reliable and affordable. APA considers this to be true common use infrastructure – where you would see a number of current and future generators with multiple current and future load centres with gas firming.
E+M: What do you see as the next steps for miners looking to realise ambitious decarbonisation targets for energy and mobile equipment?
GB: The global race for the energy infrastructure needed to decarbonise is only going to intensify from here. The resources sector needs to move at pace and with short-, medium- and long-term planning.
This means two things, firstly – they will need to partner with energy infrastructure businesses like APA to look for opportunities for common user infrastructure solutions and to ultimately achieve the cost, reliability and decarbonisation balance they are striving for.
Secondly – a significant amount of the renewable energy required will be sourced from projects that are off tenure for the miners with sophisticated energy infrastructure developers like APA, who have invested in the development of these projects to meet these goals.
For APA, we have a $3 billion-plus renewables-focused development pipeline in the Pilbara – the broad development and operational capability we have within the business provides a significant growth platform to develop and operate remote-grid energy solutions for Australia’s resources industry.
This pipeline already has momentum with strategic sites and approvals secured for key growth projects, which include solar and battery projects currently under construction with remaining committed capex of approximately $150 million over the next two years.
This leverages our existing skills in operating large-scale gas, renewables and battery storage infrastructure. And it provides the opportunity to capitalise on the increasing need for reliable, affordable and low emissions energy as our customers continue to decarbonise.
In a fast-evolving regulatory and technological landscape, it can be difficult to select cost-effective options for nearterm decarbonisation benefits, while also keeping the door open for further improvements when they become available. Christoffer Ek, Director of Decarbonisation Services at Wärtsilä, shares his advice to help miners remain adaptable as they transform their energy systems.
ENERGY + MINES: What are you seeing in terms of the decarbonisation steps miners are taking?
CHRISTOFFER EK: Many miners are initiating the decarbonisation of their electricity mix by adding renewables, like solar PV or wind power. Often also battery energy storage systems (BESS) are simultaneously implemented, in order to manage the increasing intermittency in generation. We also see inflexible thermal assets, such as coal plants or gas turbines, being phased out.
Sustainable fuels are a hot topic for the future, though concrete projects are still to materialise, as these fuels are not yet broadly available.
E+M: What are the latest developments for energy storage and its role in supporting mining microgrids?
CE: A common first step is to add smaller batteries to support renewable installations. Some miners are looking further, and plan for BESS to support their entire microgrid. As BESS can provide many functionalities at once, maximum benefit can be obtained when BESS is not only balancing renewables, but also contributing to e.g. overall system reserves. This often allows for further optimisation of thermal asset utilisation and lower fuel consumption.
Going forward, if renewable installations become larger, longer-duration BESS for shifting energy may become relevant. However, shifting energy is only cost-effective when renewable installations are oversized in relation to loads, as otherwise directly offtaking all renewables is more efficient compared to incurring roundtrip efficiency losses of shifting.
E+M: What do you see as the main technical challenges miners are facing when it comes to integrating renewables and storage for remote sites?
CE: As renewables like wind and solar have a variable output and are non-dispatchable, the operation environment in the microgrid will become more demanding. Fast variations will require quick ramping of power output and several starts and stops from flexible thermal balancing assets, such as engine power plants.
However, we often see projects introducing renewables and storage into existing systems being implemented without sufficient consideration of integration with existing assets. This is leading to inefficiencies, both as a result of unnecessary renewable curtailment, and as high fuel costs due to suboptimal thermal asset loading. Optimising dispatch of all assets in combination is vital in order to get the most out of investments into renewable and storage assets, and for this, an intelligent energy management system is needed.
In addition to concerns regarding optimal dispatching, introducing large amounts of renewable energy can come with other technical concerns, such as reduced system inertia and short circuit capacity. To enable a high share of variable renewables, the power system requires an adequate quantity of fast responding assets at any point of time. This is possible by considering a mix of different assets, for example including synchronous generators and BESS, and a careful design of operation philosophy.
E+M: What are the commercial hurdles these projects are facing today – and how can these be addressed?
CE: In many cases, customers are contracting for different portions of their hybridised system with various parties. Each player is concerned with performance of individual assets, while no one is currently incentivised – or empowered to – optimise all assets together.
Currently, suppliers (or Independent Power Producers owning assets) are typically not commercially required or technically enabled to provide services that reach beyond the fence of their own power plants. For instance, thermal asset operators may not be equipped to optimise the dispatch of their plants against renewables. BESS operators may only be providing very limited services, only to support renewables. Bridging the gap and optimising all assets for maximum benefit to the mine requires a sophisticated energy management system, such as Wärtsilä’s GEMS, which can forecast loads and renewable generation, manage system constraints, and dispatch all assets in a grid accordingly. This also requires rethinking the commercial arrangements.
EM: How do you see the role of sustainable fuels evolving in terms of supporting mines to meet decarbonisation goals?
CE: Fuels produced through the “P2X” process (utilising green electricity to produce hydrogen and its derivatives) are an interesting alternative for mines in the long term. However, the scale and adoption of these fuels is highly dependent on the input cost of energy for producing the fuels, the cost of storing and transporting them from the production source to the mine site, and the policy support for the fuels.
Wärtsilä flexible engine power plants can already use 100% synthetic liquid fuels like renewable diesel, carbon-neutral methane and methanol. They are also capable of using hydrogen/natural gas blends containing up to 25% hydrogen, which was demonstrated on an unmodified engine with WEC Energy Group in October 2022. We are currently developing a pure hydrogen engine power plant concept to be ready by 2026, and in the marine sector we have released both methanol and ammonia engines.
It is difficult for mines to commit to investments today, as there is no clear visibility into what the dominant future fuel will be and the interests in different sustainable fuels vary across countries and regions. However, our engine technology is adaptable for the needs of the future. We are shaping our product portfolio to ensure that sustainable fuels are also an option for existing as well as newbuild power plants.
EM: What do you see as the next steps for global mines to realise energy decarbonisation goals?
CE: I expect to see a continued increase in renewable energy penetration, flexible engine power plants, BESS, and the size of projects growing. It will be interesting to follow development of mine electrification, as this will increase overall electricity consumption, as well as the need for green electricity. With increasing renewable energy, the phase out of inflexible and inefficient assets will follow. In time, sustainable fuels will replace fossil fuels utilised in engine power plants for balancing renewables.
Ultimately, I expect to see much more complex mine microgrids developing, with high intermittency of renewable generation, and a multitude of assets to be managed. The next steps will not look exactly the same in different locations, but the ultimate goal of reaching a decarbonised mine is one that we can share.
Stable and reliable power generation, even in challenging conditions
Wärtsilä offers a wide range of tailored solutions for safe and reliable power generation, while simultaneously improving the efficiency and moving towards decarbonisation.
LODA DEDEKIND Head of Project Development at CrossBoundary Energy
PIETER JOUBERT President and Chief Investment Officer at CrossBoundary Energy and a Partner at the CrossBoundary Group
Althoughthe process of decarbonising Australian mines has accelerated in recent years, the scale and rate of transformation isn’t yet where it needs to be to meet the industry target of net zero by 2050. There are several reasons for this, including the fact that mines are currently balancing multiple different priorities amidst global com-modity price volatility.
Whilst the global energy transition presents a huge opportunity for the mining sector to scale up production to meet growing demands for metals and minerals, mines are also under pressure from shareholders to achieve their own ambitious decarbonisation requirements. Capitalizing on new and high-growth commodity opportunities, particularly, requires that mining companies focus on deploying scarce capital strategically to optimize long-term shareholder value. Additionally, choices that mines face about decarbonization technologies are muddied by questions regarding the appropriateness of different technologies and solutions, their associated bankability, and how switching costs might impact short-term gains.
As such, the mining sector’s ability to realize near-term decarbonisation targets will largely be dependent on how decarbonisation technologies are enabled in the sector. Decarbonisation of scope 1 and 2 emissions can most readily be achieved through the reduction of diesel usage in fleet and process applications and the procurement of renewable energy to reduce the carbon footprint of electricity consumption. Whilst fleet electrification is a newer set of technologies and remains at an early stage of adoption, meeting on-site energy requirements through renewable sources is a solution that is tried and tested, relatively quick to deploy, and easy to scale.
However, enabling on-site renewable energy generation requires significant investment. Orienting capital allocation towards core mining activities allows miners to focus their capital and effort on projects that they understand and can deliver optimal value from, whilst allowing infrastructure
or green technology experts to raise capital for renewable energy production at lower costs and being held accountable under performance-linked contracting structures. This directly increases the amount of discretionary capital that mining companies can put towards mine development and expansion, indirectly supporting the global energy transition.
Energy companies that own and operate the onsite energy infrastructure can facilitate the adoption of renewable and hybrid energy, but also support the exploration and financing of ancillary decarbonisation efforts, such as fleet and process electrification. As energy companies raise capital for these projects, they manage market return expectations and can provide highly flexible, bespoke solutions for mining companies – and the industry in general – that enable decarbonisation at pace.
Examples of this are starting to become more common in Australia, with around 7% of the sector planning or implementing renewable energy projects. Norton Gold Fields, a gold miner operating across Australia, has implemented such a solution at its Binduli North Operations in Western Australia. In 2023, CrossBoundary Energy, an independent power producer, completed a 2.4 MWp solar PV facility that will supply around 10% of the mine’s total energy needs, without upfront costs. Whilst the total renewable energy percentage is still small, the project is a proof point for the viability of such energy solutions, especially where a short mine life is perceived to limit thirdparty contracting approaches.
Rio Tinto, another global mining player with operations in Australia, aims to reduce their overall scope 1 & 2 emissions by 50% by 2030. At its ilmenite mining operation in Fort Dauphin, Madagascar, the company has committed to purchasing renewable energy, supplied by solar PV, battery energy storage, and wind, that will supply up to 60% of its energy needs and save about 8,500 tons of heavy fuel consumption per year. The renewable energy plant
is owned and operated by CrossBoundary Energy, which will supply clean energy to the mine over 20 years under a renewable energy services agreement.
Outsourcing capital deployment for decarbonization projects also opens up broader options for industry, such as the production of green hydrogen, an essential resource for mine decarbonisation. In 2023, Japanese energy company Eneos, in collaboration with the Queensland Government, opened a pilot green hydrogen production plant at Bulwer Island, making use of Australia’s abundant solar resources to produce a transportable form of the chemical for Japan. The production process was powered by a renewable energy plant owned by CrossBoundary Energy, reducing the capital outlay for Eneos and allowing it to concentrate on the patented hydrogen technology – with the comfort that the renewable energy supply would be consistent and reliable.
Successfully executing these projects relies on flexible contracting solutions that enable mines to opt into energy cost savings that will impact the bottom line positively in the short term, whilst enabling long-term decarbonisation. Renewable energy projects designed, financed, and operated in this way allow miners to avoid difficult questions about efficient capital allocation, whilst outsourcing the required funding and services in an aligned manner: meeting multiple shareholder objectives on the path to decarbonisation.
LODA DEDEKIND is an internationally acclaimed power generation expert with nearly 20 years of experience in engineering management and project development. Before joining CrossBoundary, Loda led a power generation engineering consulting team specializing in the design and development of thermal, renewable, and hybrid power projects. She holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Pretoria, South Africa. Loda is Head of Project Development at CrossBoundary Energy, responsible for developing and delivering renewable and hybrid generation projects.
PIETER JOUBERT is the President and Chief Investment Officer at CrossBoundary Energy and a Partner at the CrossBoundary Group. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce majoring in Accounting & Finance, and a Bachelor of Laws (Hons) from Bond University in Australia. Prior to joining CrossBoundary, Pieter worked in J.P. Morgan’s investment banking group in Sydney where he was responsible for mergers and acquisitions coverage and execution in the diversified industrials, mining services, and infrastructure sectors. At CrossBoundary Energy, Pieter leads fundraising and investment, whilst supporting wider strategy development and general managemen
DECARBONISING MINING FOR A CLEANER FUTURE. FIND OUT MORE.
Careful modelling is crucial in ensuring mine sites transition smoothly to decarbonised power and electric fleets, as any miscalculation can lead to disruptions in production. Rod Saffy, Commercial Director and Head of Mining at Climatech Zero, discusses the key differences between underground and open-pit mines and the data needed to understand new power demand patterns.
ENERGY + MINES: What are some of the relevant factors specific to underground vs. open pit mines in making power systems more efficient?
ROD SAFFY: Depth and temperature of underground mines can vary greatly but typically require substantial energy for ventilation and cooling systems to maintain safe working conditions. Managing underground temperatures efficiently is critical for worker comfort and productivity, impacting the design and operation of power systems. Flexibility in the supply of seasonal underground cooling and ventilation on demand are two examples of how mine cooling and ventilation can be done more efficiently.
Water management can add significant cost whether in short supply or oversupply as both require water movement and sometimes water treatment. In all water movement applications, there is a material cost in the associated pumps, tanks and piping. Water conservation and environmental impact also require careful consideration and management. All of which are relevant for both open-pit and underground mines.
In underground mines, the limited working space poses an additional constraint, affecting the volume of ore that can be moved at any given time in comparison to the larger haul trucks and drag lines used above ground. Measuring movement, wait times and duty cycles of underground mobile equipment can help miners understand these efficiencies better.
Communication infrastructure also differs between open-cut and underground mines. While open-cut mines typically have
access to mobile and satellite communication, underground mines rely on local area networks due to the lack of direct access to external communication sources. This adds complexity and cost, particularly as the demand for highspeed data increases for applications such as autonomous vehicles and live video streaming.
EM: What are the key challenges of modelling renewable energy for a fully electric mine?
RS: Often, companies prioritise installing expensive and complex renewable projects without first improving the operational efficiency of their mining and processing operations. By doing so, they risk committing to long-term Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) for more or potentially less power than they actually need.
To kickstart this process, obtaining reliable and comprehensive data from all aspects of mining, processing, and logistics is essential. This data should cover all plant, fixed, and mobile assets reliant on the energy source. With this data in hand, the focus shifts to optimising each element of the plant for maximum efficiency. Only then can the appropriate level of flexibility be determined, allowing for the design of renewable energy solutions tailored to the specific needs of the operation.
Many mines have existing sunk capital and infrastructure that need to be considered. Long-term PPAs typically come with penalties or termination fees, making it difficult to cancel or modify them. Therefore, careful consideration and planning are necessary to ensure that renewable energy integration aligns with existing infrastructure and operational needs.
EM: What types of data inputs do miners need to be able to do that and do they usually have access to the right data?
RS: Accurate data regarding the specifications and performance characteristics of mining equipment, electrical machinery and other operational assets are essential for modelling energy requirements and consumption patterns.
This data helps identify practical steps that can be taken to improve energy efficiency and decarbonisation.
Historical energy consumption data for the mine site, including electricity usage patterns, peak loads, and seasonal variations, are necessary for modelling the energy demand profile. Understanding the energy consumption patterns enables miners to size renewable energy and energy storage systems to meet the operational requirements of the mine. Other sources of data that will help the decision-making process are ambient temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed specific to the region. These are essential for accurately assessing the potential output of solar PV arrays and wind turbines. This data helps determine the feasibility of renewable energy generation at the mine site and optimise the design and placement of renewable energy infrastructure.
EM: How does electrification change demand patterns and peak demand?
RS: Electrification opens up possibilities for integrating energy storage systems into mining operations, which can help balance supply and demand and reduce peak demand on the electrical grid. Energy storage can store excess energy from renewable sources or off-peak grid electricity and discharge it during periods of high demand, thereby reducing the need for additional grid infrastructure to meet peak loads. Electrification also enables more precise control and scheduling of electrically powered equipment, leading to smoother demand profiles compared to diesel-powered operations. Electric motors can be started and stopped more quickly and efficiently, allowing mining operators to better manage energy usage and minimise peak demand spikes associated with starting and operating diesel engines.
Given the prevalent use of diesel generators in mines, particularly in remote areas, electrification offers a pathway to shift from diesel-powered to electrically powered equipment.
This transition will diminish the overall dependency on diesel fuel and alleviate peak demand pressures during fuel delivery and refueling operations.
EM: What sort of strategies can mines deploy to ensure capacity and reliability as a site transitions to fully electric?
RS: Mining companies may benefit from sticking to their core strengths of mining and processing and letting the OEMs and subject matter experts take care of electric assets through this energy transition. The risks associated with the adoption of these technologies can be mitigated by letting suppliers guarantee capacity and reliability performance through their service agreements.
EM: How can miners test their carbon abatement strategies for new power and fleet systems that have yet to be designed and built?
RS: In navigating the challenges of decarbonisation and electrification, partnering with local technology providers, equipment manufacturers, and service companies enables miners to concentrate on production. Leveraging simulation and modelling software, which integrates live data or digital twins of energy consumption patterns and operational characteristics specific to mining operations, presents an opportunity to manage the risks associated with change implementation.
By employing robust modelling, miners can initiate pilot projects on site to evaluate carbon abatement strategies under real-time conditions. Targeting representative areas or operations within the mine site allows for the deployment and assessment of new power and fleet systems on a smaller scale. Monitoring performance metrics such as energy consumption, carbon emissions, and operational efficiency facilitates the evaluation of strategy feasibility and effectiveness within the local context.
We specialise in tailored off-grid power generation and service models. We integrate a complete range of thermal and sustainable fuel sources, together with innovative technologies, to deliver costeffective and reliable solutions for our clients.
