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HHIC C JULY 2013 ISSUE 20
Rebel with a cause TV Naturalist Chris Packham shouts above the noise
THE RT HON EDWARD DAVEY MP | PROFESSOR MIKE BRADSHAW DR TONY WATERSTON | THE CARBON TRUST | 2OC
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CONTENTS
WELCOME
FROM YOUR EDITOR This issue is bursting with top contributors. If you enjoyed the new series of BBC’s Springwatch then you might have noticed that we have one of its presenters on the cover. I cornered Chris Packham at one of his Wild Night Out talks when he was stuck behind a desk and asked him for an interview. Being a kind chap he agreed and has provided us with an honest and inspiring interview. The Rt Hon Edward Davey MP talks about keeping the bills down and protecting the planet. Have you ever considered the impact of your carbon footprint on health? Well, if the answer is no, then find out more from Dr Tony Waterston, a retired paediatrician and clinical lecturer. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne’s ‘dash for gas’ phrase is
bandied about the media. But what is the future of natural gas in the UK? Professor Mike Bradshaw debates this issue. HHIC has produced some major new research called, ‘Pathways for Domestic Heat’ and Roger Webb in ‘Matter in Question’ reveals more. Are you worried about your brand reputation? James Persad from The Carbon Trust says it is time to get tough on brand crime. I hope you are not eating chips as you read my words. Have you considered what happens to all that fat? Andrew Mercer from 2OC is turning fatbergs into energy to heat schools. Hmmm wonder how many schools I would heat if you melted me down.
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Jodie Wiltshire, editor@hhic.org.uk, Twitter: @HHIC
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Cover image: Chris Packham www.chrispackham.co.uk
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CONTENTS JULY 2013 ISSUE 20 FEATURES
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THIS IS WHO I AM
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KEEPING BILLS DOWN AND PROTECTING THE PLANET
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GAS BY DESIGN OR GAS AS DEFAULT? The future of natural gas in the UK
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THE NATURE OF BUSINESS
BBC Naturalist Chris Packham shoots from the hip on a range of issues from biofuel to pests
Rt Hon Edward Davey MP debates what the government is planning to do
Professor Mike Bradshaw on the future role of gas in the UK’s energy system
Read a review of Giles Hutchins must read book for everyone involved in the business of the future
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IS YOUR BRAND VALUE AT RISK?
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CARBON, CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH – NOT ALL BAD NEWS
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WHERE THERE’S MUCK THERE’S MAGIC Andrew Mercer CEO from 20C reveals how they make renewable energy from fats and oils
James Persad from The Carbon Trust reveals how important brand is
REGULARS
to your business
Dr Tony Waterston explains the impact that your carbon footprint has on your health
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MATTER IN QUESTION Roger Webb reveals some major new research called HHIC Pathways for Domestic Heat to help meet the government’s emission targets
CONTRIBUTORS Chris Packham
Edward David MP
Professor Mike Bradshaw
Dr Tony Waterston
Chris Packham spent his undergraduate days at the Zoology department of Southampton University. He also embraced Punk Rock and played in a band. Post-graduation and a cancelled PhD, he began taking still photographs and trained as a wildlife film cameraman. The photography continues with exhibitions and invitations to judge prestigious competitions but the camerawork gave way to presenting. Chris began with the award winning ’Really Wild Show’ in 1986 and has been working ever since. Credits include Postcards from the Wild’, ‘Hands on Nature’, ‘Nature’s Calendar’, ‘Springwatch’, ‘Autumnwatch’, and ‘Secrets of our Living Planet.’
Edward Davey was appointed Secretary of State for Energy & Climate Change in February 2012. He is the Liberal Democrat MP for Kingston and Surbiton.
Professor Mike Bradshaw is currently leading a UKERC-funded research project on global gas security. He is Professor of Human Geography at the University of Leicester and soon takes up the post of Professor of Global Energy at Warwick Business School.
Tony is a retired consultant paediatrician and clinical senior lecturer whose working life was spent mainly in community paediatrics in inner city Newcastle upon Tyne. He is an editor of the Journal of Tropical Pediatrics and is project director for the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health Palestine programme, which is about to establish an MA in a Child Health course for primary care doctors, nurses and trainee paediatricians with Al Quds medical school in the occupied Palestinian territories. Currently he leads the climate change and health campaigning group in Medact (Medical Action for Global Security) and is a local council candidate for the Green Party.
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CHRIS PACKHAM
Chris Packham
Naturalist and wildlife presenter, Chris Packham is not afraid to speak his mind. He has a ferocious intelligence that he uses to deliver passionate but reasoned opinions. These are fuelled by growing up listening to music which challenged communities with its nihilistic anger, providing alienated youth with an ideology. It is not always easy to say what you really think, to go against the grain. It takes bravery and an inner fight to do so – Packham seems to have both. Packham reveals: “I was watching a programme I recorded on TV with a load of old punk tunes. It was the sound of the seventies or something. The first thing that was apparent not that I needed my memory refreshing very much was how much energy was involved compared to contemporary music. There was a huge amount of energy, anger and honesty. What I like about this mode of communication is that it is designed to be immediate. I find that motivational and I still listen to this genre of music as it does make me want to get up and do something rather than thinking someone else will sort the problem out.”
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TO ME, PUNK IS ABOUT AN INDIVIDUAL AND GOING AGAINST THE GRAIN AND STANDING UP AND SAYING, ‘THIS IS WHO I AM.’ Joey Ramone
“PUNK WAS DEFINED BY AN ATTITUDE RATHER THAN A MUSIC STYLE”. David Byrne
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CHRIS PACKHAM
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ne of the greatest threats to the natural world is
has not happened because they had invested in it financially.
climate change and over-population. According
If you make a mistake you have to put your hand up and
to WWF’s Living Planet Report, humanity’s
own up to it and try and rectify it. Because they have built
overconsumption of food, material goods, fossil fuels, and
processing plants and integrated so much of it into our lives,
non-renewable resources is putting a huge toll on the planet,
they are incapable of pulling the plug on it.
exceeding its capacity to sustain us. But many of us refuse to
“And as a consequence of that decision, we have this
see the bigger picture and focus much closer to home on our
immensely destructive force in our environment and it is not
immediate environment.
just the palm oil plantations of the Far East. A significant
Packham believes that this is the case because it is a
live are planted for biofuel. They are heavily fertilised and
climate changes we are seeing in the UK are influenced by
intensely sprayed and for what? It is criminally insane and no
events in other parts of the planet. For example, our current
one has the guts to say we need to stop this.”
wet spring, the shifting of the jet stream, the warming of the
planetary disaster because you cannot continue to grow
is difficult for people to see the tangibility. If we all had a week
when you have a limited resource. “A limited resource is the
in the space station looking down upon the planet, we would
diameter of the earth and it is not getting any bigger. You
realise just how small it is and how many of us are contributing
cannot continue to grow, it really is this simple. Economists
to this phenomenon. We just can’t get our heads around the
need to take their heads out of their computers and look out
fact that we only have one planet and what is happening next
the window and realise that we live on a biosphere that is
door on that planet is having an influence on us.
not getting any bigger.” But there are some organisations that appreciate that
state for ourselves and all the other species. The luxury of
business is less about unethical short cuts in the name of
disagreement over religion and politics will vanish, when
profit, and more about value creation through sustainability.
we realise that the main issue is about us surviving. We are
Chris Packham is keen on the Velvet Toilet tissue project
living in a student squat at the moment in abject squalor,
that is part of the SCA group. This project, called the ‘Three
with no regards to tomorrow. We need to think like a first
Trees’ Promise, plants three trees for each one used. It
time buyer, with lots of concern about how we are going to
means the company has surpassed the standard industry
look after our home for the next few years.”
practice of other industry tissue manufacturers, and since
In an ideal world nature and business behaviour would be more beneficial to each other. As a society we take so
2009 it has planted more than three million extra trees. Packham explains: “This project replants an extra tree
much from nature and yet not want to conserve it. One of the
in the ground in Brazil. The organisation is involved with a
issues at the moment is about the folly of pursuing biofuels
Brazilian sustainable forestry company called Amata that
at such an environmental cost. Chris Packham loathes
is sanctioned by the Brazilian government and universities.
biofuels with a passion. “I wander in a complete cloud of
To date they have put in four million trees into the ground
incomprehension when it comes to biofuels. It was years
in a series of projects looking into how they can replant
ago that the United Nations put its hands up and said that
rainforests so that they will be harvestable. This will create
they had made a massive mistake and biofuels were not
more wealth for communities who live there. It involves local
working and we need to get out as quickly as possible. This
communities from the beginning to clear the land, plough and
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04 Chris Packham.indd 6
Packham feels strongly that economic growth equals
Northern oceans, all these sorts of things are big issues and it
“The primary issue is to keep the planet in a liveable
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proportion of the crops planted in fields in France where I
global issue and not a local one. “We know that some of the
If we all had a week in the space station looking down upon the planet, we would realise just how small it is and how many of us are contributing to this phenomenon.”
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CHRIS PACKHAM
“I believe what we need to do is generate a greater tolerance of all these animals because whether we like them physically or fear them is immaterial - we need them.”
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plant trees and then harvest the trees with the fruit they produce.
insidious vested interests, in the sense they are involved with
A key component is at least a third of the acquired land will be
the petro- chemical industry or some other industry that is
pristine rainforest to keep those species.
contributing significantly to global warming. This is becoming transparent and their believability is fading fast. They are of no
“I am championing this project for two reasons. Firstly, if a
consequence really.”
company such as SCA decides to spend this much money and effort they must be applauded because that is part of the
Not surprisingly, considering what people are doing to the
impetus. We want companies to see it pays for them to take
planet and the natural world, Packham is not a great fan of
this approach. Secondly, without their funding conservationists
the human race. “I see them as a disease on the planet. While
could not achieve these projects on this scale.”
there are some fine human beings and I enjoy the company of
As Packham notes, the most successful large scale
my friends and family, as a species I find us very difficult to like.
conservation projects are not funded by government but
There are too many of us and it is becoming worse. We have to
are privately supported by corporations and philanthropic
do something to regulate our population globally, as otherwise
individuals. He continues: “If we enter a dialogue and
we are doomed. This is not an opinion, it is a fact. Our inability to
processes with these people then we have the ability to
address the problem is dangerous and embarrassing.”
communicate the urgency and the need for action. We need
As an interviewee, Packham gives the impression he has
to be in the same room with them but not in bed with them,
no time for sentimentality, nimbyism and people who like
and it is critical that this is not the case. You never want to
to put the animal kingdom into boxes. He does not care for
watch your words.”
people who hold subjective opinions about what is a good or bad animal. He is scornful of the cute factor and its opposite
Seeing the effects of global warming first hand is quite a sobering and frightening experience. Packham has seen
- labelling the outsiders of the natural world as ‘pests.’ This is
many examples of how the natural world is buckling under the
simply not in his vocabulary. He does not see animals as pests
warming of the planet. He presented a highly acclaimed series,
but considers them successful at our expense. “We need to understand that in order for ecosystems
BBC Operation Iceberg as part of a team on an expedition to the Arctic. It investigated the unknown world of icebergs,
to remain sustainable and stable, we need the greatest
exploring the creation, life and death of these frozen behemoths
complement of species to live there and this includes the so-
for the first time. Being part of Operation Iceberg was an
called pests. Cockroaches, pigeons, wasps and rats all play
incredible experience for Packham. “When we watched those
a role. If we decide that we do not like them and want to take
giant glaciers disintegrate and compared data from previous
them out of the equation that is a very dangerous precedent.
years which showed that just a short while ago there was a
They have evolved to do a specific job,” he adds. “And typically one thing that we struggle to live with, in
much more extensive body of ice you can see the speed of the retreat yourself. The retreat is happening in our lifetime and
many if not all parts of the world, are large predators. We
it is very profound. Yes, it was a very poignant moment and I
want to take them out of the equation too, because they
thought to myself that I had been reading about this since my O
conflict with our interests, such as by eating our farm stock. I
levels and here it is actually happening before my very eyes. It
believe what we need to do is generate a greater tolerance of
was very beautiful and extremely terrifying at the same time.”
all these animals because whether we like them physically or fear them is immaterial - we need them.”
But does it make Packham angry that some people still deny the planet is warming? “I have side-lined climate change
Packham seems the type to always rage against the machine
deniers, to be quite honest with you.” He adds: “Initially, we
and we need more people like him. Music, like nature, has
were the mavericks going back for years now, saying that the
inspired him to want a better world. “One particular track which
climate is warming. There has been a complete polarisation
I have always liked is by a band called Penetration and the track
here. I think those people who deny the planet is warming
is called, ‘Shout Above The Noise.’ The mantra of the piece is
and deny that we are to blame or play a role in it are now the
that if you want to make a difference you’ve got to get up and
mavericks. I think the vast majority of the population and
do it yourself. I have listened to that track for the past 35 years of
certainly the thinking population, understand that to deny it is
my life. Every time I hear it, I say yes, that is what it is all about.
happening is nonsense. They no longer get to me.
It is about not being intimidated and refusing to take a no for an
“They are a diminishing number of people who have
answer. It is about finding the energy to make that difference.” Read more about the ‘Three Trees’ Promise at www.velvetttissue.com
Series to watch out for: The Burrowers, BBC2 Summer 2013 Inside the Animal Mind, BBC2 Spring 2014
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ED DAVEY MP
The government has a duty to help keep bills down and help people to manage the cost of living – and that’s what we are relentlessly focused on doing. There’s a lot of help available to the most vulnerable, such as the Green Deal and the Energy Company Obligation, and the Warm Home Discount. The biggest single factor driving bills
and help households save money on
by demand in growing economies like
their bills. It’s a scheme that will be
China. And, they’re likely to keep rising.
in place for the long-term, but figures
55% of people’s gas bills and 37%
are showing a very encouraging
of their electricity bills are made up of
start. Already, more than 18,000
wholesale energy costs alone.
people have had assessments carried out on their homes. Under the Warm Home Discount, two million households were helped this winter and more than one million
The government can’t control the global market and drive down these international wholesale prices. What we can do is take steps to put a cushion between these global
low income pensioners received £130
prices and the bills we all pay at
off their bills.
home – insulating our economy as
But my Department has been concentrating on keeping bills as low
well as our homes and businesses. Through investment in domestic
as possible over the long-term - and
sources of low carbon energy like
for everyone. Already our policies are
nuclear, wind and wave power, and
keeping bills lower than if government
other renewables, we are looking to
did nothing – by an average of £65.
diversify supply and help cushion
Some people think climate change policies to support things like wind
N
G
I
higher is global oil and gas prices. They have been rising remorselessly, fuelled
EP
improve the energy efficiency
of the nation’s housing stock
B
KE
T
he Green Deal is designed to
D S L IL
consumers from volatile fossil fuel prices in the future.
farms are what are behind high bills. But they couldn’t be more wrong.
PR
orth ttlew Shu t r obe e: R ag m I
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“Some people think climate change policies to support things like wind farms are what are behind high bills. But they couldn’t be more wrong.”
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S DOW N
“The biggest single factor driving bills higher is global oil and gas prices. They have been rising remorselessly, fuelled by demand in growing economies like China. And, they’re likely to keep rising.”
A
N D
The reforms we are making to the
biomass boilers, £1,300 for air source
electricity market through the Energy
heat pumps and £600 for solar
Bill will help incentivise £110 billion
thermal systems.
investment from the private sector, with a focus on home-grown clean energy infrastructure. The policies we have in place are not just about building new power
do not rise radically, in which case savings would be even larger.
energy efficiency of our housing stock Through the Green Deal we are encouraging people to improve their
to global price shocks and left future generations to deal with the threat of
bills. The Energy Company Obligation
climate change.
from energy efficiency improvements. Smart metering will help households manage their energy usage, and provide more accurate billing. We’re also helping those who
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aspire to generate their own electricity
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they will be £166 lower than if we sat on our hands, left ourselves exposed
homes, make them warmer and save
properties that need it the most benefit
This government is proving that helping to tackle climate change, and diversify energy supply, doesn’t have to cost the earth. In fact it creates green growth and green jobs. These are benefits that will stretch across the country, as low carbon supply chains spring up
through the feed-in tariff, under which
and make some of our once-thriving
solar panels still represent a fantastic
industrial heartlands prosper again.
long-term investment. And while support for renewable
The move to a clean energy sector will place the UK at the
heat is not funded through consumer
leading edge of a new global green
bills, over 10,000 householders have
energy market worth around £3.3
already taken advantage of money
trillion. This is a revolution the UK
off renewable heating kit through the
cannot afford to pass up.
Renewable Heat Premium Payment. We recently announced an increase
So, our policies are not only about tackling climate change, diversifying
to voucher levels under the scheme.
supply and creating jobs, but also
Money off vouchers available have
about saving money on bills too, with
been increased to £2,300 for ground
the interests of the consumer front
source heat pumps, £2,000 for
and centre.
BY EDWARD DAVEY MP, SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
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Let’s be clear - bills will still likely be higher than they are today. But
money on their heating and electricity will ensure that the households and
P G THE
would be if we were doing nothing. And that assumes fossil fuel prices
stations; they are about improving the and our businesses.
A L
In 2020, bills will on average be around 11 per cent lower, than they
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MATTER IN QUESTION
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“This distant, all or nothing solution appears detached from the current reality, fails to offer a staged approach in failing to recognise the continuing role of non-electric sources of supply, and takes no account of the forces which drive human behaviour.” WWW.CENTRALHEATING.CO.UK
Matter in Question.indd 13
Heat is the single biggest reason we use energy in our society. According to the government’s 2012 report: The Future of Heating – A Strategic framework for low carbon heat in the UK, we use more energy for heating than for transport or the generation of electricity. We in the UK will spend around £33 billion on heat across our economy.
BY ROGER WEBB, HHIC DIRECTOR
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MATTER IN QUESTION
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Professor David Mackay, chief
in failing to recognise the continuing
scientific advisor to the Department of
role of non-electric sources of supply,
Energy and Climate Change (DECC)
and takes no account of the forces
devised a model for 2050. It presents
which drive human behaviour.
a zero carbon electric pathway to a that within 40 years transport, heating
So what is the problem?
and industry need to be electrified,
Well let’s start with putting you in
electricity supply may need to double,
the picture clearly and simply.
low carbon future. Mackay believes
and the grid must be decarbonised
By 2027 the government’s target
and able to cope with intermittent
for domestic heating is 50.2 million
renewable generation.
tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions.
This distant, all or nothing solution appears detached from the current reality, fails to offer a staged approach
We are currently on 80 million tonnes of CO2. One of the problems is that the UK has one of the oldest stocks of residential buildings in Europe. These homes are not energy efficient and all
“The industry requires consistent and clear policy making rather than the mixed signals, delays and confusion of recent years. We would like to work in partnership with DECC to develop a framework to deliver this.”
add to higher carbon emissions that are detrimental to the planet. With these differing property types a one size fits all approach will not work when it comes to installing suitable technologies. Today, 1.5 million boilers are sold every year. To meet the government’s 2027 target, only 500,000 boilers should be sold, with a mix of other technologies. This is a huge change. Part of this adjustment will require consumers to come on board and play their part. But human behaviour is hard to influence and it may mean that to create the right kind of demand the carrot of incentives needs to be backed up with the stick of regulation.
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MATTER IN QUESTION
Our scenario
Our research pathway shows the government how the industry can
will be in place before they invest
own scenario on behalf of the
help them meet the figure of lower
heavily in product development
industry to take the UK towards
carbon emissions through product
and innovation. If this does not
a decarbonised society. We
development. The government must
happen then under business as
commissioned research and
be serious about meeting these
usual, the market will continue
analysis for Pathways for Domestic
targets as to deliver our scenario
to demand condensing boilers
Heating from Delta Energy and
will require huge investment from
with less numbers of renewable
Environment. This research
industry to develop new and
and low carbon products. Electric
supports our view that we need to
innovative products. But the pace
heating and heat networks have a
keep a number of options open for
that the government is prescribing
strong role to play but so do low
as long as possible.
means that industry also has to do
carbon gas appliances. Current
this much faster too.
government policy is not giving
Despite Professor Mackay’s modelling, DECC itself has released
Being part of this change will
us the confidence and we cannot
an updated view for domestic heat
also require consumers to come on
make the necessary investments
to 2050, concluding that gas will be
board and play their part. But human
because the government has not
an important part of the energy mix
behaviour is hard to influence and
yet developed a credible pathway
to 2030 and beyond. Our scenario
it may mean that to create demand
and set of policies that enabled us
includes heating products that will
once incentives have been offered,
to meet the 2030 target.
lower the carbon emissions through
regulation is the next best step.
their energy efficiency. As part of
There will be greater opportunity
What do we want?
our research, we looked at different
for consumers to choose specialist
The industry requires consistent and
property types and with the help of
technologies that will be suitable for
clear policy making rather than the
our industry came up with products
their properties.
mixed signals, delays and confusion
But we cannot kick-start any of
of recent years. We would like to
this into action if the government only
work in partnership with DECC to
energy products and we believe
present a long-term ambition without
develop a framework to deliver this.
that the government needs to
any realistic intermediate targets.
The framework can consist of a mix
acknowledge this openly. The
They need to instil confidence to our
of interventions, such as incentives,
industry could produce these
industry. For our manufacturers to
regulation, finance solutions such as
modern products by 2027 at
bring new low carbon technologies
the Green Deal, or tilting the playing
volumes which would support
to the marketplace they need to
field through taxes. A good example
progress to the 2050 target. This is
be certain that the government is
is the car industry that the European
why we have opted for a balanced
committed to its targets.
Commission has set output based
that would be suitable. It is vital that we have a mix of
mix of technologies that can be ensure that the UK is on the correct trajectory for meeting the binding
We require that it puts an
interventions from the government
2050 targets.
intermediate scenario in place,
to help create demand, then we will
a pathway to get to 2030 that
invest and innovate.
For further information on the HHIC Pathways
would provide industry with more
for Domestic Heat contact Roger Webb at roger@hhic.org.uk
security. The heating industry needs
JULY 2013
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performance standards for vehicles.
What do we require the government to do?
taken to 2030. Timing is critical to
16
assurance that government policy
HHIC has come up with its
If we are given this assurance to invest and with the right
We will play our role in offering solutions to the market.
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the s w ho s y a hw
“Our re s e ar c h p a t
Matter in Question.indd 17
nt.” pme elo ev td uc
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missions t h bon e r ou car g h p r od
governmen t ho w
th e
er ow fl
i
lp them meet t e h he an c fig y r ur t s e u d o n
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PROFESSOR MIKE BRADSHAW
or gas as
BY PROFESSOR MIKE BRADSHAW
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In recent months there has been a good deal of discussion about the future role of gas in the UK’s energy system. The debate has been prompted by numerous government policy statements and reports, worries about the imminent closure of coal-fired power stations and the need to import expensive liquefied natural gas (LNG), and by the growing controversy surrounding the prospect of domestic shale gas. Has all of this activity created any greater certainty about the future role of gas in the UK? To address this question it is necessary to adopt a ‘whole systems approach.’ This is because future demand for gas—and the need to invest in its associated infrastructure—will largely be determined by the success or failure of the government’s wider energy strategy. This has at least five key elements: energy efficiency and demand reduction, the development of renewable energy, the electrification of the economy, the construction of a fleet of new nuclear power stations, and the deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). The problem is that, while we have numerous strategies, plans and road maps that will deliver an 80 per cent reduction in emissions by 2050, we are already behind where we need to be on just about every element. For example, there is currently no private sector commitment to build the next generation of nuclear power stations. Equally, progress on CCS is delayed. There is also considerable distance yet to travel if the UK is to meet its 2020 target of 15 per cent of energy production from renewable sources. Finally, although demand reduction and
“There is also considerable distance yet to travel if the UK is to meet its 2020 target of 15 per cent of energy production from renewable sources.”
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PROFESSOR MIKE BRADSHAW
energy efficiency programmes are the
on key elements of the strategy)—is
logical things to do, history suggests
25.1 bcms. That is, between just
of the equation, the government’s
that they seldom realise anything like
under 73.8 bcm and 98.9 bcm of
response is the Gas Generation
their full potential.
gas supply. By 2030 the difference
Strategy and the creation of a
is even more significant: 56.8 bcm in
Capacity Market. The recently
the various elements of the strategy
Gone Green and 88.5 bcm in Slow
appointed Minister for Energy,
will mean more gas in the UK’s
Progression. This uncertainty about
Michael Fallon, has described the
energy mix for longer than expected.
future demand presents a major
Capacity Market as an ‘insurance
The high level of uncertainty is
challenge for those seeking to source
policy’ to ensure continued security
abundantly clear in National Gird’s
gas for the UK market, for those who
of electricity supply. The aim is
projection for future gas requirements.
need to invest in future gas-fired
to pay generators to ensure that
The difference in required gas
power generation capacity, and for
there is sufficient future generating
supplies in 2019-20 between their
those who need to invest in new
capacity to meet all eventualities.
‘Gone Green’ projection—(realisation
pipelines and processing and storage
The idea is that new gas power
of the government’s energy strategy)
facilities. All of these are in the private
generation capacity will be needed,
and their ‘Slow Progression’
sector and need a sound business
but that the load on that capacity
strategy—(more limited progress
case on which to base their decisions.
will be significantly lower than today
Any delay in the implementation of
On the power generation side
Fracking - Roan Plateau near Rifle, Colorado
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“The physical availability of gas will probably not be the issue, the price that consumers have to secure that gas may well be.” Gas plant in Norway
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PROFESSOR MIKE BRADSHAW
because gas will primarily be acting
Gas in the desert – Quatar
as back up to intermittent wind energy. In effect the CCGT operators will be paid to install capacity, and then generate at much lower loads than is currently economical. Unfortunately, the industry’s response has been to postpone decisions on future investment in gas power. However, the insurance policy is just as likely to be needed to compensate for the non-replacement of nuclear base load in a timely fashion and/or the failure of renewable energy sources to expand as quickly as anticipated. In other words, it is an insurance against policy failure, but even more worryingly for some, it also creates the possibility of a change in direction. In such a scenario, in the absence of CCS, high levels of unabated gas fired generation beyond the mid2020s will certainly compromise the government’s emission reduction targets. There are those, such as the Committee on Climate Change, who advocate that the government should hold its nerve and press ahead with the rapid development of low carbon energy. Others, including the Chancellor of the Exchequer it would seem, advocate further development of gas power generation as a more cost effective means of reducing emissions. The two camps are probably arguing at cross purposes, short-term gas can contribute to decarbonisation if it replaces coal, longer-term gas as fossil fuel can only really remain in the mix with CCS if emission targets are to be met. However, if CCS is available then gas will have to compete against coal and much will depend on the relative cost of the
or gas as
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two fuels, the cost of carbon and the
difference is the physical volume of
market. In 2012 only 27 per cent of
gas development is itself far from
cost-efficiency of CCS when applied
gas demand and thus the absolute
UK gas imports were in the form of
certain and it would be imprudent to
to the power generation plant.
amount of gas that will need to be
LNG. However, the year before, the
assume that it will compensate for
sourced from external suppliers.
share was 46 per cent and 80 per
declining conventional domestic gas
The rapid growth in UK gas
cent of those imports came from
production. Equally, domestic biogas
The argument that I have made thus far is that there is significant uncertainty about future gas demand
exports has been enabled by
Qatar. In fact, in 2011 two countries,
can help to sustain indigenous
and that this is a source of insecurity,
a reorientation in the national
Norway and Qatar, accounted for
production, but the reality is that
as it makes future investment difficult
transmissions system, the
80 per cent of the UK’s gas imports.
the UK’s gas import dependence
to commit to. The government hopes
construction of new pipelines from
Thus, while the UK has the capacity
will continue to increase through
that its capacity market will address
Norway and interconnectors to
to source gas imports from multiple
the remainder of this decade and
this situation. However, there are
Europe and the development of three
sources, these imports are currently
will remain high thereafter. The key
also legitimate concerns about the
LNG terminals. Therefore, the UK
highly concentrated geographically.
uncertainty is the level of future
cost of future gas security of supply.
now has the necessary infrastructure
Moving forward, there are concerns
gas demand and thus the absolute
Natural gas production in the UK
in place to deliver substantial
that as LNG imports increase, as
amount of gas the UK industry
peaked in 2000 and the UK became
amounts of imported gas to market.
they are likely to do as coal is forced
will need to source from external
a net natural gas importer in 2004.
The one issue that remains is
out of the mix, UK consumers will
markets. Whatever the volumes,
In a very short period of time the UK
storage. It is generally accepted
have to pay higher prices to attract
UK policy makers and the suppliers
has become a substantial importer
that as the UK can no longer surge
LNG cargoes. It is noteworthy that
and consumers of natural gas now
of natural gas, though the situation
production from the North Sea in
Centrica recently signed a deal with
need to pay far more attention to
at present is complicated by the
times of high demand, so additional
Cherniere Energy to deliver LNG
developments in the European gas
impact of economic recession and
storage capacity should be built.
from the US for 20 years starting in
market and the global LNG market
resurgence of coal. Nonetheless,
Who should pay for it remains an
2018. This came after Centrica failed
than they have in the past.
provisional figures from DECC
unresolved issue.
to reach a long-term agreement
for 2012 show that indigenous
The UK gets its gas from four
The reality is that certainty about
with Qatar, which has increased
future gas demand in the UK will
production covered about 53 per
sources: by pipeline from the
its exports to Japan in the wake of
remain elusive. This is because it
cent of domestic demand, down
UK continental shelf, by pipeline
the Fukushima disaster. For the
is dependent on the wider success
from 58 per cent the previous
from Norway, by pipeline from
moment supplies from Norway
or failure of the government’s
year. This is because although
continental Europe (identified in the
are seen as secure and could
energy strategy. All of the current
domestic gas demand fell by 5.6
statistics as from Belgium or the
even increase in the near future to
indications are that key elements
per cent during 2012, domestic
Netherlands) and as LNG. Each
maximise the infrastructure that
of that strategy will be delivered
production fell by 14.1 per cent.
of these supply vectors exposes
has been put in place, however,
late and some possibly not at all.
All of the projections suggest that
the UK to a rather different set of
there is uncertainty into the 2020s
Thus, we will have need of more gas
domestic conventional production
risks. To simplify the situation we
as the fields supplying the UK
for longer and we should now be
will continue to fall, so the level
can say that, one the one hand, the
pipelines decline, production
planning for that eventuality, rather
of imports will be determined by
UK is now increasingly exposed to
moves further north and Norway
than assuming that it will always
what happens to demand. Both the
developments in EU gas markets
prioritises Continental European
be available as the default position.
Gone Green and Slow Progression
through imports and exports via the
markets. Of course, the hope is that
The physical availability of gas will
scenarios discussed earlier show
two interconnectors; on the other
by then the UK will have access to
probably not be the issue, the price
gas import dependency reaching
hand the UK is increasingly exposed
indigenous shale gas production.
that consumers have to secure that
80 per cent by 2030; the key
to developments in the global LNG
But the scale and pace of UK shale
gas may well be.
“There are those, such as the Committee on Climate Change, who advocate that the government should hold its nerve and press ahead with the rapid development of low carbon energy.”
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THE NATURE OF BUSINESS
The of Business 24 Book Review.indd 24
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13/6/13 16:55:09
Redesigning for resilience We need real change in our world and this is why Hutchins’s book sets out a new business paradigm. It is not written in meaningless business jargon as the structure takes the form of nine easy-to-read modules and you can just dip leisurely in and out. Author, Giles Hutchins presents the challenge to the prevailing ‘business as usual’ model, explains the pressing need for transformational change, and reveals the concepts and mindsets necessary to inspire the businesses of tomorrow.
“If we do not conduct our business within the constraints of the system, we will inevitably go out of business.”
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THE NATURE OF BUSINESS
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Going beyond current approaches
for this is not only for profit but
to responsible and green business,
to create better partnership roles
Hutchins focuses on the emergence
with charities that could benefit
of new ways of operating and
communities in other parts of the
creating value in an increasingly
world. M&S has joined forces with
volatile and interconnected world.
Oxfam, Kenco with the Rainforest
He makes the compelling case that
Alliance and Unilever with the
businesses should seek to mimic
National Childbirth Trust.
behaviours and organisations found
The idea of the ‘aware’ company is
in nature, which offer fitting models
explained. The more thoughtful values
for businesses capable of flourishing
and behaviour of employees who
in chaotic and uncertain times.
connect with those of the business,
It is teeming with case stories
the more conscious that business will
from UK-based giants such as
become. This is more powerful than
Apple, Coca Cola, Nike, Toyota,
any business goals or targets.
Unilever, Nokia and Virgin. These
The firm of the future, he argues,
examples illustrate practically
will build resilience, optimise, adapt,
how companies are integrating
integrate systems, navigate by
sustainability as part of their
values and support life-building
business plan. They are all hugely
activities. It will be a business
successful, household names that
inspired by nature for the greater
realise it is important to replenish
good and ultimately the well-being of
what is taken out. The reason
our planet.
The Author: Giles Hutchins is a management consultant with over 15 years of business and IT transformation experience, formerly with KPMG and Atos International. His passion is exploring ways of applying nature’s inspiration to sustainable business transformation. Drawing on a range of theories and practices (such as biomimicry, cradle-to-cradle and industrial ecology), he applies them to the challenges businesses face today, providing practical insight and guidance to help organisations redesign for resilience in these volatile times. Giles blogs at http://thenatureofbusiness.org Join in the online discussion at www.businessinspiredbynature.com/natureofbusiness
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THE CARBON TRUST
Use your detective skills to investigate worrying areas
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“Public trust in all sorts of institutions, including business, as well as politics and the media, has been at an all-time low for a few years, having been eroded by various scandals.”
BY JAMES PERSAD
A small but critical role of a Head of Brand has forever been to ensure that their business and its associated partners are adhering to correct, consistent and proper use of the brand assets available to them. If necessary we or one of our team are required to intervene in order to make sure something heinous looking or sounding doesn’t make it out of the door into the public domain.
B
have been making and selling, their
erosion of a reputation that you have
brand asset of all, the actual
very products and services, and
nurtured over the months and years.
product or service being
shuddered at the thought of a major
From what specific ingredients go
sold? As the horsemeat scandal
environmental, health or safety related
into your products if you’re a food
developed into a full blown supply
breach of trust with your customers;
and drink brand, to your damage to
chain crisis, you may have read
the impact this has on your
the environment if you’re a petro-
the recent headlines about the
favourability scores, the damage to
chemical brand, the impacts of an
contents of what certain brands
your businesses share price and the
environmental, health or safety related
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ut what about the biggest
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THE CARBON TRUST
breach of trust can be far reaching.
brand damage is done. Trust in a
Indeed a major crisis of trust can
brand takes an age to develop and
sometimes spell the end of the line
moment to destroy. It is the brand
for individual employees, for business
team’s responsibility to poke their
areas and occasionally for entire
noses in, often where they are not
brands themselves, as you know.
necessarily wanted, to ensure that
In a world where even relatively
the organisation is staying honest
minor misdemeanours are shared
to its customers and stakeholders,
with unforgiving speed around the
and behaving in a way that is
globe, no brand is safe.
sustainable. Taking responsibility for
Public trust in all sorts of
breaches of trust applies to CEOs
institutions, including business, as
as we have seen in the banking and
well as politics and the media, has
petro-chemical world. This should
been at an all-time low for a few
also apply to Heads of Marketing
years, having been eroded by various
and Brand, who are uniquely
scandals. The signs are that this trust
positioned with the media budgets
is stabilising, however, and brand
at their command to ensure that
guardians need to do much more to
good governance practices and
make sure that this trust is respected,
suitable corporate behaviour is
fed and watered to ensure it blooms.
taking place across their organisation
Edelman, a corporate affairs
and deep into their supply chains.
agency, has just published its global
It is made easier with the tools and
trust barometer. “...the number one
expertise available to help guide
reason reported for trusting business
these interrogations and make them
less over the last year was wrong
relatively simple to conduct - even
incentives driving business decisions
across a large organisation, its
(28%)”(Source: Edelman Trust
seemingly complex supply chain and
barometer 2013).
into its customers use and disposal
It is no longer good enough from a governance point of view for brand
“It is all very well having a crisis management plan in place but by that time it is often too late and the brand damage is done. Trust in a brand takes an age to develop and moment to destroy.”
of the products or services they buy from you.
guardians to claim ignorance of what is going on in their wider business from a reputational and environmental risk perspective. The technology and retail brands employing workers overseas in far eastern supply chains have suffered knocks to their reputations over the welfare of these employees, as have those car brands that end up having to recall a model because of the corporate drive to put out new cars without the nuts and bolts being properly road tested. It is all very well having a crisis management plan in place but by that time it is often too late and the
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Brand police – make sure your brand is in order
Use your detective skills to investigate worrying areas
describe the brand value at risk
Environmental, Health & Safety
go and communicate this description
risks are top of many corporate
in writing and verbally to the
risk registers. These are a classic
appropriate colleagues so that they
method of monitoring a variety of
are left in no doubt about the potential
risk likelihoods and impact levels
consequences if the risk materialises.
within an organisation. Ownership
At this point they need to clearly resulting from the risk identified, and
In this way wider team members
of these registers is often only
will understand more about the
confined to compliance or company
brand risks associated with their
secretariat roles though, which
activities, the impacts that these can
do not traditionally contain the
have on their roles, their business
deeper understanding of the brand
areas and the company itself should
required to appropriately appraise
those risks materialise, and take the
or score certain risks from a brand
appropriate steps to mitigate against
damage perspective.
them before they happen.
James joined the Carbon Trust in 2009 as a Marketing Manager to provide expertise on data driven marketing campaigns. Since then he has expanded his marketing role across other areas of the organisation and into brand awareness activity alongside data driven comms. Prior to joining the Carbon Trust, James was a Director at a Digital and Direct marketing agency in Covent Garden. He delivered award winning campaigns in global and London based agencies for 11 years, across many sectors (FS, auto, travel, retail, FMCG, B2B, tech, charity) and disciplines including Advertising, DM, Digital and Sales Promotion. James has a BSc in Management Sciences from the LSE.
It would be wise for heads of brands to ensure they are involved in the development of the EH&S risks being measured and reviewed and also in the monitoring and scoring process, as they may well be able to spot an impending brand risk sooner than other members of the team.
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“It is no longer good enough from a governance point of view for brand guardians to claim ignorance of what is going on in their wider business from a reputational and environmental risk perspective.�
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DR TONY WATERSTON
AND H
NOT ALL B
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D HEALTH
LL BAD NEWS
“Air pollution is already a major menace in large cities and is the result primarily of the burning of oil, coal and gas. Increased motor traffic and particularly diesel fumes are high in particulates and very polluting.”
BY DR TONY WATERSTON
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If you were to ask the average member of the British public about how he or she will be affected by the excessive use of fossil fuels, I suspect their health would be low on the list of answers. I would surmise that their responses from the more aware would include global warming, melting icebergs, sea level rise, reduction in car use, species extinction. Others might say, it’s not my problem, or that oil will last a long time yet. In fact health will be hugely affected, and for the better, if we can reduce our fossil fuel dependence. Health will be incrementally worse if we carry on as we are.
AND HEALTH
DR TONY WATERSTON
As a paediatrician interested in public health, I am a member of the Climate and Health Council, the UK’s leading independent organisation of health professionals campaigning on climate change. See the website at: www.climateandhealth.org On the website you can find many articles and illustrations about the health effects of climate change. http://www.climateandhealth.org/health_impacts.html
Let me set out what these impacts are likely to be, and how we could improve our health and wellbeing through a carbon reduction programme.
What are the results of excessive use of fossil fuels?
of respiratory infections and asthma
This may seem an obvious question but the effects of their excessive use of
and is a likely cause of the recent
fossil fuels are multiple:
increase in asthma in children living in urban environments. The production of non-degradable
• Depletion of oil, coal, gas
waste such as plastics is also
• CO2 rise with consequent
damaging to health, particularly
climate change • Pollution of the atmosphere in cities
plastic bags whose use is increasing
• Production of waste which does not degrade
exponentially in countries which do
• Obesity owing to heavy use of motor vehicles
not regulate their use. Obesity as a result of less active
The top two effects are firstly
since a higher proportion of their
travel is covered below.
so-called ‘peak oil’, which means
income is spent on food and they are
that we have reached the maximum
less able to absorb price increases.
rate of extraction and reserves are
Hence, there will be increasing
diminishing. Secondly, climate change
malnutrition unless renewables
How will health be affected in low income countries?
owing to the greenhouse effect.
quickly take over from oil as an
Already the impact of climate
energy supply. For transport this
change in Asia and Africa
accompanied by pressure on
means greatly increased investment
is considerable though little
reserves of all non-renewable
in electric cars, buses and trains.
publicised. The seminal Lancet
Air pollution is already a major
paper of 2009 which headlined
water will lead to energy price rises
menace in large cities and is the
climate change as the greatest
which will affect fuel and transport
result primarily of the burning of oil,
global threat to health of the 21st
costs. This will have a knock-on
coal and gas. Increased motor traffic
century is a major source of data:
effect in increasing prices of most
and particularly diesel fumes are high
http://issuu.com/climateandhealth/
other services including food.
in particulates and very polluting.
docs/ucl-lancet_-_managing_the_
This pollution increases the burden
health_ef/1
Peak oil which will be
products including minerals and
The poorest will be most affected
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“Glacier melting in the Himalayas is projected to increase flooding and will affect water resources within the next two to three decades.”
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DR TONY WATERSTON
The health effects of climate change in low income are? • Increasing malnutrition owing to drought and increasing costs of fertiliser and imported food • Increasing vector borne disease (eg malaria, trypanosomiasis) as higher temperatures will favour insect spread • Increased water borne diseases • Direct impact on health of increased temperatures • Higher ozone levels leading to respiratory involvement • Sea level rises leading to flooding of low lying states • Weather extremes affect crop growth and yield.
“The impact of changing weather on agriculture and food growth leads to higher food prices and malnutrition.”
There will be a differentially greater impact on the most vulnerable in the community, namely children, mothers and the elderly. Also the poorest will suffer most and hence there will be a widening of health inequalities. A useful reference on climate change in Africa is: http://know. climateofconcern.org/index. php?option=com_content&task=a rticle&id=105 In Asia too, we see marked changes and the World Bank has stated that ‘Climate change is no longer an issue for the distant future. Climate change is already taking place, and the South Asian countries, particularly the poorest people, are most at risk.’ For example, glacier melting in the Himalayas is projected to increase flooding and will affect water resources within the next two to three decades; crop yields could decrease up to 30% in South Asia by the mid-21st century; mortality due to diarrhoea primarily associated with floods and droughts, will rise in South Asia. See: http://go.worldbank. org/0XAV4BYO60
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How will health be affected in the UK and Europe?
AND HEALTH
Faculty of Public Health in its
and less easy to directly ascribe to the origin and development of humans
report called: ‘Sustaining a Healthy
(anthropogenesis). A World Health Organisation report in 2008 set out the likely
Future’, that there is a close
effects and the need to introduce urgent protection measures. See:
connection between fossil fuels,
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/74401/E91865.pdf
climate change and obesity in
So in low income countries, climate change will massively affect
It has been suggested by the
The health effects of climate change in high income countries are more subtle
that as we drive and fly more, we The health effects of climate change in Europe:
health. The impact is already being
walk and cycle less. The sedentary behaviour we see now in the rich
felt and is being described by major
• Extreme weather events such as heat waves, hurricanes and flooding
North and which the well off in the
organisations such as the World
• High temperatures leading to direct heat events
South are now mimicking is one of
Bank yet the rest of the world seems
• Increased infectious disease vectors
the main determinants of obesity,
to be ignoring it.
• Impact of changing weather on agriculture and food growth leading to
which has now reached epidemic
higher food prices and malnutrition
status. Active travel on foot or by
• Increase in the frequency of respiratory diseases due to higher ground-
bike (the ultimate green machine with a zero carbon footprint) is likely
level ozone concentrations in urban areas. • Changes in pollen distribution related to climate change.
to lead to much lower obesity rates which were of course, the norm in
These changes are more gradual
the past. They are also beneficial
to ascribe to a single cause. For
What would be the health impact of such action?
example, in Newcastle last year we
The Climate and Health Council
between people which generates
had three episodes of severe flooding
has clearly spelled out that
a greater sense of community spirit).
an exceptional occurrence. However,
measures to promote low carbon
people complained it has not kick-
living will be hugely beneficial to
present profligate overuse of
started any behavioural changes in
health. The health benefits of low
carbon is already great and will
relation to carbon conservation, nor
carbon living are:
become ever more obvious in both
and insidious, and hence less easy
social capital (the interaction
So, the health impact of the
rich and poor countries, affecting
to calls for action on climate change.
How can we reduce the excessive use of fossil fuels?
to mental health and to community
• Reduction of air pollution
the most vulnerable first. On the
leads to less respiratory
other hand, the health benefits of
infections and asthma
carbon reduction are huge. If we
• Reduction in motorised
can bring this case to the decision
Friends of the Earth covered some of the
traffic leads to less vehicle
makers, as well as to the general
issues in relation to energy companies in
accidents and less pollution
public, the course for the future
the article in HHIC in 2011. The answers
• More active travel leads to
are clear and the policies available and
less cardiovascular disease,
include investment in renewable energy
less obesity and better
and conservation measures, domestic
mental health
carbon trading, pollution charging,
• Reduction in meat intake
promotion of sustainable transport
will lead to lower carbon
and measures to reduce motor traffic.
emissions, less cardiovascular
The continued search for economic
disease and stroke, and less
growth rather than sustainability has
bowel cancer.
becomes very clear.
to be challenged. All that is required is the political will and this is singularly lacking in the present government.
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See also http://www.bmj.com/ content/344/bmj.e1018
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37 13/6/13 17:25:38
2OC
It started as a chat between three friends who wondered if it would be possible to build a profitable business and to help tackle climate change. That was nearly seven years ago, but in May 2013 work finally began on 2OC’s Combined Heat and intelligent Power plant (CHiP) at Beckton in East London. Intelligent, because it makes use of heat in the adjacent gas Pressure Reduction Station (PRS) run by National Grid.
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By Andrew Mercer
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2OC
Image courtesy of Thames Water
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O
ur renewable power and
desalination plant. Our CHiP plant,
owns the IP on this application, which
heat will be fuelled by
using a 2-stroke marine diesel engine
gives the plant world beating overall
fats/oils and greases
will generate 135GWh of renewable
efficiency in the high 90s per cent. So, how did such a smart idea,
(FOGs) derived from restaurant
electricity. Only a 2-stroke has the
chains and food manufacturers and
tolerances required to burn the FOGs
scraped from the walls of London’s
derived fuel. Thames will take just
venture with National Grid to roll
109,000km of sewers. FOGs coat
over half of that power, the rest being
out 8 CHiP plants came to grief in
take so long? An initial £400m joint
sewage tunnels like cholesterol
sold into the National Grid. Waste
2010 when the looming Renewable
in a blood vessel and every year
heat from the engine will be used in
Energy Directive prevented energy
are responsible for around half
the sewage works, and there should
distributors from owning generation
the 80,000 blockages which cost
be a surplus for any local housing
assets. 2OC acquired the old joint
Thames Water £1m per month to
scheme nearby.
venture for £1, halved its workforce
clear. A dedicated team of ‘flushers’
What makes the 2OC platform
and set about the task of refinancing.
hack and chip the hardened fats from
unique is the use of heat in the PRS.
With the financial crisis into its third
the walls, which then float as so-
The huge drop in pressure at the
year and biting ever deeper and
called ‘fatbergs’ down to traps and
Beckton plant requires the gas to be
seemingly endless tinkering with
filters where they can be recovered.
pre-heated. This is currently done
the Renewables Obligation, this
But where there’s muck, there’s
by two colossal gas boilers. When
was not the ideal time to be seeking
power and heat, - lots of it.
the CHiP plant becomes operational
investment into a new project.
Thames Water has signed a
in the first quarter of 2015, waste
Thankfully, Deutsche Bank and
£200m Power Purchase Agreement
heat from the engine will provide the
iCON infrastructure were both
with 2OC to provide renewable
pre-heating and a turbo-expander will
impressed with the technology and
power and heat for the country’s
recover that renewable thermal energy
the team that was putting it together
biggest sewage works and its only
to generate even more power. 2OC
and provided the debt and equity
“Thames Water has signed a £200m Power Purchase Agreement with 2OC to provide renewable power and heat for the country’s biggest sewage works and its only desalination plant.”
WWW.CENTRALHEATING.CO.UK
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2OC
needed to get the ďŹ rst project away.
on another seven PRSs. The team is
With a blue chip customer like
currently focused on getting Beckton
Thames Water and 2OC’s inclusion
built and operational by the end of
within the Renewables Obligation,
March 2015.
the deal that was put together in
Will we stay in renewables, or should
of investment news in a sector where
we concentrate on gas? How about
doubt and uncertainty over the
fuel cells? Could we do something
Electricity Market Reform (EMR) has
in partnership with wind and help its
left many projects in limbo.
problems with intermittency? One
2OC still has licenced consent from Ofgem to roll out its technology
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But we are also looking to the future.
March 2013 was the one positive bit
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thing is for certain - future projects will not take quite so long.
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The author: Andrew Mercer is CEO of 2OC Ltd, the renewable energy company he helped to found. An accountant by profession and entrepreneur by instinct, he sold his software company One Meaning to Oracle in the 90’s dotcom boom. He is also the founding Chairman of Footdown, a business leadership and mentoring company. Here he describes how a conversation at a Footdown meeting led to a multi-million pound deal involving a really smart use of waste heat. www.2oc.com
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