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D"2 9"4 I "42 I B" Q F 6" Q . .'( $%% $% A" % L * ) )8"4 I : 7" <7 1. Bymes, B. H., Environmental effects on N fertilizer use. An overview Fert. Res. 26, 1990. 2. Fitter, A. H. and R. K. M. Hay. Environmental physiology of plants, 2nd ed., Academic Press, 1987. 3. Hsb-Elnaby, A. M., Al-Zaidi A. A study of individuals' awareness of health, economic and psychosocial impacts of environmental noise pollution in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture, Research Bulletin No. 49, Riyadh, 1995. 4. Muishswamy, P., Santhy, P. and Ramanathan, G. Long term use of fertilizer on soil fertility and yield of crops in irrigated inceptisol. J. Indian Sco. Soil Sc. 32, 1990. 5. SAS Institute Inc., SAS User's Guide Statistics, USA, 1997. 6. Termara, A. H., Implications of stratoshperic ozone depletion upon plant production, Hort. Science, Vol. 25(12), 1990.
Res. Bult., No. (139), Food Sci. & Agric. Res. Center, King Saud Univ., pp. (5-35) 2005
Environmental pollution and its effect on The Sustainable Development of Tourism and Vegetation in Al-Baha area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Khodran H. Al-Zahrani,
Elhag A. Elhag
ABSTRACT:
The main objective of this study was to investigate the environmental pollution and its impact on the sustainable development of tourism and vegetation in Al-Baha area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This was achieved by measuring the information of visitors concerning the different aspects of environment pollution in the area and sources of this information. Touristic areas that are affected by plastic and metal pollutants in addition to tourism attraction and positive factors, in Albaha area, were also determined. The obstacles of sustainable development of tourism and vegetation in the area, in addition to the methods of reducing environmental pollution, were also explored. Data was collected by personal interviews with a random sample comprising 300 visitors, by using questionnaires designed for achieving the study objectives. Frequencies, percentages, averages and standard deviations were used for data presentation and analysis. The study revealed a considerably high degree of information among the respondents concerning the different aspects of environment pollution in the area. The prevailing sources of this information were mainly mass media. Relatively high degrees of pollution (by plastic and metal pollutants) were found in the touristic areas. The most prevailing pollutants were plastic bags, metal-made cans, glass-made bottles, plastic bottles, plastic plates and boxes. It was found also that Albaha area has many tourism appeals such amazing views, forests, natural protected areas, mountains, plains in addition to visitors' security and safety and historical and cultural heritage of the area. Albaha area, however, suffers from some negative aspects facing the development of tourism and vegetation. Among these aspects are :the diffusion of socially unaccepted customs such the mix of sexes, the high prices of residence and food stuffs in addition to high degree of environmental pollution. The study also revealed a considerably high degree of information among the respondents regarding methods of decreasing environmental pollution in the area. The suggested methods include the establishment of sanitation system in the area, environmental education through the mass media in addition to rounding the area with a green belt. The recommendations of the study emphasized the necessity for environmental education through mass media, the importance of regular removal of different pollutants from touristic areas by the civil administrative departments, with the support and help of schools' students in addition to the workers of both governmental and non-governmental organizations in the area. The study recommended also that environmental awareness must be one of the courses to be studied in schools of all levels and also an essential part of all regular training programs held for workers of both governmental and non-governmental organizations. The content of environmental campaigns should focus on tourism appeals of the area. Negative aspects facing the development of tourism and vegetation must be taken seriously.
_____________________________________________________________ Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
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