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EE Site Design 2009 for
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AutoCad Civil 3D 2009
August 2008
C o p y r i g h t Š 2 0 0 8 E n g i n e e r e d E f f i c i e n c y, I n c
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Site Design
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Table of Contents
About this document: ................................................................................................................................... 2
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Chapter 1: Preparation ................................................................................................................................. 3 Exercise 1: Gathering Preliminary Information..................................................................................... 5
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Exercise 2: Establishing Vertical Constraints....................................................................................... 12
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Exercise 3: Analyzing the Existing Ground Surface ............................................................................. 20
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Exercise 4: Establishing Horizontal Constraints .................................................................................. 25 Chapter 2: Preliminary Site Grading ........................................................................................................... 31
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Exercise 1: Initial Pond Grading .......................................................................................................... 34
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Exercise 2: Establishing a General Grading Scheme ........................................................................... 44 Exercise 3: Setting Finished Ground Elevations .................................................................................. 58 Chapter 3: Refining the Grading Design...................................................................................................... 68
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Exercise 1: Designing an Entrance as a Corridor ................................................................................. 70 Exercise 2: Designing an Entrance with Feature Lines ........................................................................ 84
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments.................................................................................... 94 Exercise 4: Balancing the Design ....................................................................................................... 113 Chapter 4: Designing Piping Systems ........................................................................................................ 117 Exercise 1: Preparation ..................................................................................................................... 119 Exercise 2: Designing the Sanitary Sewer ......................................................................................... 122
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Exercise 3: Designing the Waterline ................................................................................................. 135
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Exercise 4: Designing the Storm Sewer............................................................................................. 139
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Exercise 5: Checking Pipe Conflicts ................................................................................................... 154 Chapter 5: Preparing Design Documents .................................................................................................. 160
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Exercise 1: Preparing a Grading and Drainage Plan .......................................................................... 162
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Exercise 2: Preparing a Plan Profile Sheet ........................................................................................ 173
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Exercise 3: Assembling the Sheet Set ............................................................................................... 179
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TC OP Y
Site Design
About this document:
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This workbook is designed to be used in conjunction with a live or recorded version of Engineered Efficiency’s Site Design training. It contains all of the exercises necessary for completion of the class. It can be used to work through the training on your own, during one of our live training sessions, or any combination of the two. This document cannot be purchased and is available exclusively to EE customers who are eligible to participate in this training.
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If you have comments or suggestions regarding this document or the Site Design class in general, please submit them via e-mail to eeLearning@eng-eff.com. Your feedback is very valuable to us and will help make our training the best that it can be.
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Page 2
Chapter 3: Refining the Grading Design
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Chapter 3: Refining the Grading Design INTRODUCTION
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Chapter Introduction
The drive-thru access road currently slopes downward at a relatively constant grade from the front of the building to the rear. The elevation of this road must be no more than 0.5 feet below the building finished floor elevation for proper function of the drive-thru window. At-grade pedestrian access is required across the entire north face of the building. Currently the grade is sloping to the east and is below finished floor adjacent to the building entrance. The earthwork must balance for this project. The contractor has agreed to remove extra topsoil from the site at his own expense, but the design must not create additional fill material to be removed from the site. Since this site is currently used for agriculture, topsoil depth is approximately 12” which is nearly equal to the depth of the pavement structure and slab-on-grade structure of the building. Therefore, topsoil and excavation to subgrade cancel each other out in the building and parking areas and there is no need to figure these depths into earthwork calculations.
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In this chapter you will continue grading the site, this time with more attention to detail. The site has been rough graded but the entrances have not been designed. There are also grading and drainage issues that need to be addressed. They are as follows:
The following is a summary of each exercise you will perform in this chapter:
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Exercise 1 – Designing an Entrance as a Corridor For the first exercise, you will design the north entrance using alignments, profiles, assemblies, and a corridor. This approach is more complex than using feature lines, but allows more control of the design. This approach is also ideal for long entrances or access roads the function more like a road corridor than a driveway.
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Exercise 2 – Designing an Entrance using Feature Lines For this exercise, you will design the east entrance using feature lines. This approach is less complex than using corridors and is more efficient for short entrances such as the ones in this project. Designing long entrances or access roads using feature lines is not recommended.
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Exercise 3 – Making Fine Grading Adjustments All projects have unique and specific grading and drainage needs that become evident as the grading is refined. In this exercise you will address elevation issues along the face of the building and fix several more that arise as a result.
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Exercise 4 – Balancing the Design After completing the third exercise and checking earthwork volumes, you will discover that the site is no longer balanced. There are many ways to adjust the design to achieve balance, but for this example you will take advantage of the outlot area and some open area along the east
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Chapter 3: Refining the Grading Design
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of the site as places to deposit some extra fill material.
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It is important to point out that the grading design you are experiencing in this chapter and the previous chapter is one project designed one way. There are an unlimited number of approaches that could have been used just for this one site. In addition, each new project will be characterized by different topography, different design parameters, and different constraints. There is no “one way” to grade any given site, and there is certainly no step-by-step procedure to grade all sites. As you are working through this chapter, focus on the concepts of what is being done and try to apply them to projects you may have worked on in the past. Understanding grading concepts is the key to mastering grading design using Civil 3D, whereas trying to establish a step-by-step grading procedure will surely lead to frustration on your future designs.
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TASK(S)
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Project Tasks
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Design the north entrance using a corridor Design the east entrance using feature lines Address detailed grading and drainage issues, especially those at the front and west side of the building. Balance the site
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CIVIL 3D FEATURE(S)
Civil 3D Features Used in this Chapter
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Alignments Profiles Assemblies Corridors Feature Lines Feature Line Tools Grading Creation Tools Grading Volume Tools Surface Volume Tools
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments ACTIVITY/PROCESS
Result
The rough grading is completed and the entrances have been incorporated into the design. Next you will address several detailed grading issues.
Currently, elevations along the building slope toward the southwest to match the parking lot. This is not acceptable along the drive-thru or the north face of the building. Elevations in these areas must be at or near finished floor elevation.
You are prompted to Select object.
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Open 12345C-SPGRAD-Ex3 in the Chapter 03 class data folder.
Address the prompts as follows:
Select object, click the blue building feature line.
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Select the start point, click the northwest corner of the building.
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Specify elevation, press Enter
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Specify end point, move your cursor to the south and click the elevation point just south of the drive-thru canopy as shown in the image below.
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Specify grade, type 0 and press Enter.
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ffic Elevations along the west face of the building from the northwest corner to just beyond the drive-thru window have been set flat.
Due to the intermediate elevation points between the drive-thru and the southwest corner of the building, there is now a drastic drop in elevation at the drive-thru window.
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On the Feature Lines toolbar, click Set Grade/Slope Between Points.
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Action
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Select object, click the blue building feature line.
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Click the ending point from the previous step
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Specify elevation, press Enter
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Specify end point, click the southwest corner of the building.
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Specify grade, press Enter.
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There is now a gradual slope from the drivethru window to the southwest corner of the bulidng.
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Address the prompts as follows: •
Select object, click the blue building feature line.
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Click the northwest building corner
Grades are set flat across the north face of the building. Similar to the previous adjustment, there is now a sharp drop in elevation from the northeast building corner to the first elevation point to the south.
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Address the prompts as follows:
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
Specify elevation, press Enter
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Specify end point, click the northeast corner of the building.
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Specify grade, type 0 and press
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
•
Click the northeast building corner
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Specify elevation, press Enter
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Specify end point, click the southeast corner of the building.
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Specify grade, press Enter.
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Press Enter to end the command.
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Select object, click the blue building feature line.
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The building feature line has been updated. The grading object projecting from the building line has also updated along with the Intermediate Grading 1 surface.
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Address the prompts as follows:
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Enter.
On the Feature Lines toolbar, click Elevations from Surface. Select Intermediate Grading 1 on the Set Elevations from Surface dialog and click OK.
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Address the prompts as follows:
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Select object, type M and press Enter.
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Select objects, select all curb feature lines that are next to the building as shown in the image below.
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Select object, Press Enter.
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The curbs have been adjusted to match the new Intermediate Grading 1 surface elevations. However, there is no elevation difference between the top and bottom of each curb.
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The curb faces are now modeled properly.
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Do the following to lower the face of curb feature lines:
Select all of the face of curb feature lines of the curbs selected in the previous step.
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Right-click and select Raise/Lower.
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Type -0.5 and press Enter.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
These surfaces will now automatically rebuild when the Fine Grading surface is rebuilt.
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10. On Prospector, expand Surfaces. Right-click Parking Lot and select Rebuild Automatic. Repeat this step for EG-Int Grading Composite.
The contours are updated to reflect the grading changes. The drive-thru is now flat up to the drive-thru window and slopes more steeply down to the southwest corner of the building.
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11. Right-click Fine Grading and click Rebuild.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
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And elevations along the face of the building have been adjusted.
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12. The grading of the drive-thru has been adjusted but the changes have affected the parking lot to the west. The desired result is for this parking lot to have its original constant slope. Elevations along the west side of the drive-thru island will be adjusted to correct this.
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To adjust the drive-thru island, do the following: On the Feature Lines toolbar, click Set Grade/Slope Between points.
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Click the outer feature line of the drive-thru island.
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Click the northwest corner of the island at the beginning of the curve
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
Click the southwest corner of the island at the beginning of the curve as shown in the image below.
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Press Enter to accept the grade.
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Select the inner feature line and repeat the steps above to adjust it in the same manner.
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Press Enter to complete the command.
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Press Enter to accept the current elevation.
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as shown in the image below.
The west parking lot has been updated and the grading differences between the parking lot and drive-thru have been “absorbed” by the island between them.
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13. Rebuild the Fine Grading surface.
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Chapter 3: Refining the Grading Design
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The grips for the feature line are visible.
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14. Flattening the northern portion of the drivethru has created a drainage issue. In addition, the pavement elevation along the west face of the building is not correct.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
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Zoom in to the island located across from the north entrance. Click the outer feature line to show the grips.
The curb line for the two islands is now continuous across the west face of the bulidng. The goal here is to project the correct pavement elevations across the west side of the building. This is easily done by simply connecting the two bottom of curb feature lines in this way.
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15. Click the southwest grip and drag it to the south. Snap to the endpoint of the drivethru island curb as shown in the image below.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
The low point is removed.
Currently this low point would cause water to collect in an undesirable area.
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16. On the feature lines toolbar, click Delete Elevation Point. Click the low point shown in the image below.
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17. Next you will create a drainage depression along the west curb of the drive-thru.
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On the Feature Lines toolbar, click Insert High/Low Elevation Point. Select the outer feature line of the large island west of the drive-thru.
Specify the start point, click the elevation point on the feature line just south of the drive-thru canopy as shown in the image below.
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18. Address the prompts as follows:
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•
Specify grade ahead, enter -1.
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Specify grade back, enter -1.
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Press Enter to end the command.
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Specify the end point, click the northeast corner of the island at the beginning of the curve as shown in the image below.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
There is now a low point approximately midway along flat portion of the drive-thru.
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19. Rebuild the Fine Grading surface.
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You are prompted to Specify the reference point:
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20. Although elevations along the north face of the building have been adjusted, the curbs in this area are full-height and will need to be modified to create a ramping effect.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
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Currently, the location where the curb meets the sidewalk is full height (0.5’).
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Zoom in to the island across from the north entrance. On the Feature Lines toolbar, click Set Elevation by Reference.
21. Address the prompts as follows: Specify the reference point, snap to the southeast endpoint of the inner feature line as shown. Use your tab key and watch the z value of the coordinate readout in the lower left of your screen to ensure that you
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The curb is adjusted to create the desired ramping effect.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
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are snapping to the feature line.
Select object to edit, click the outer feature line.
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Specify point, click the south endpoint of the feature line directly across from the reference point.
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Specify grade, type D and press Enter.
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Chapter 3: Refining the Grading Design
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments Specify elevation difference, type 0 and press Enter.
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Press Enter to end the command.
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You are prompted to Specify the reference point:
23. Address the prompts as follows:
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Specify the reference point, snap to the north end of the back of curb feature line as shown. Use your tab key and watch the z value of the coordinate readout to ensure that you are snapping to the feature line.
The individual point on the curb line is adjusted but additional points must be corrected to create a constant grade back to the sidewalk.
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22. Zoom to the sidewalk area at the northeast corner of the building. On the Feature Lines toolbar, click Set Elevation by Reference.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
Select object to edit, click the face of curb feature line directly to the east.
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Specify point, click the north end of the feature line.
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Specify grade, type D and press Enter.
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Specify elevation difference, type 0 and press Enter.
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Press Enter to end the command.
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You are prompted to Specify the start point:
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24. On the Feature Lines toolbar, click Set Grade/Slope Between Points. Click the bottom of curb feature line that you modified in the previous step.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
A constant grade is created along the curb line.
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Specify elevation, press Enter.
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Specify end point, click the corner where the island and sidewalk meet as shown below.
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Specify grade, press Enter.
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Press Enter to end the command.
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Specify start point, click the north end of the feature line.
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25. Address the prompts as follows:
You are prompted to Specify start point:
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26. Currently, the elevations defined by the grading object have not been applied north of the building since no feature line exists there.
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On the Feature Lines toolbar, click Draw Feature Line. Click OK to dismiss the Create Feature Lines dialog box.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
Specify elevation, Press Enter.
•
Specify the next point, snap to the east endpoint of the grading object as shown in the image below.
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Specify start point, snap to the endpoint where the grading object and island meet as shown in the image below. Use the tab key and watch the coordinate readout to ensure that you are snapping to the feature line.
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A new feature line is created which will establish elevations 20 feet out from the building.
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27. Address the prompts as follows:
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
Specify grade, type 0 and press Enter.
•
Specify the next point, type A and press Enter.
•
Snap to the end of the grading object curve as shown.
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Specify grade, type 0 and press Enter.
•
Press Enter to end the command.
cy A low point is created directly north of the midpoint of the building.
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29. Address the prompts as follows:
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On the Feature Lines toolbar, click Insert Hight/Low Elevation Point. Click the feature line drawn in the previous step.
You are prompted to Specify start point:
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28. Next you will create a low point along this feature line so that the flat area north of the building drains properly.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
Specify the start point, click the west end of the feature line.
•
Specify the end point, click the east end of the straight feature line segment.
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Specify grade ahead, type -2 and press Enter.
•
Specify grade back, type -2 and press Enter.
•
Press Enter to end the command.
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30. Next you will add the new breakline to the Fine Grading surface.
The Add Breaklines dialog box opens.
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Right-click the new feature line and select Add to Surface as Breakline. On the Select Surface dialog box, select Fine Grading and click OK.
31. On the Add Breaklines dialog box: Check Distance and enter 10.
•
Enter 0.1 for Mid-ordinate distance.
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The contours are updated and reflect the low point north of the building.
Click OK.
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For Grid X –Spacing, enter 2
•
For Grid Y –Spacing, enter 2
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Click the value column next to Select output region
•
Click the ellipsis that appears
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You are prompted to Select region.
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33. On the Smooth Surface dialog box.
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On Prospector, expand Surfaces > Fine Grading > Definition. Right-click Edits and select Smooth Surface.
The Smooth Surface dialog box opens.
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32. The triangulation in portions of the surface needs to be smoothed as it is yielding sharp edges and jagged contours.
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
You return to the Smooth Surface dialog box.
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34. Address the prompts as follows:
Select Region, type E and press Enter.
•
Turn off Osnaps.
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Draw a rectangle as shown in the following illustration. Be sure the rectangle does not overlap any of the curb or building feature lines.
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Chapter 3: Refining the Grading Design
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Exercise 3: Making Fine Grading Adjustments
The surface is updated and the appearance of the contours in this area is greatly improved.
36. Repeat this procedure for the area south of the drive-thru shown below using grid x and y spacing of 1 foot.
The surface and contours are smoothed in this area as well.
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35. Click OK to dismiss the Smooth Surface dialog box.
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ADDITONAL RESOURCES
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List of Resources
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Civil 3D Help “Mastering Civil 3D”
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CONCLUSION
Conclusion
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As you have seen in this chapter, the best approach to grading design is an iterative process. Instead of beginning with detailed grading, you first developed a rough model of the grading design and refined it in stages. This iterative process may also involve developing different parts of the site in each stage, as you did by designing the parking lot grading first, then adding the access roads afterwards.
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Civil 3D offers a variety of tools that make the process of modeling your site easier and more efficient. In this chapter, you explored the use of surfaces, feature lines, volumes, and grading creation tools, as well as a number of other tools. Even more important than knowing the tools however, is understanding the concepts behind building a grading model. If you have successfully grasped those concepts, you will be able to apply them on every site grading design, regardless of how different each one may be from the one shown in this course.
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