The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
History of Red Cross
Henry Dunant 8 May 1828 – 20 October 1910
Awarded First Nobel Peace Prize, 1901
Henry’s Two Ideas
• Establishment of neutral, impartial relief societies within each country • Basic rules of law in war – led to the Geneva Conventions or International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
Development of the Movement
Differing Roles of Movement Members
WAR
DISASTER
ICRC Activities in conflict: • • • • •
Neutral intermediary Civilian aid & protection Detention visits Tracing & messages Promotes & monitors IHL
IFRC
186 National Societies
• • • •
Services include:
Activities include:
Health; welfare; youth Blood service Disaster and emergency relief Tracing services
• • •
Relief in natural and human disasters Development Coordination of National Societies
Why is the Movement unique? • Largest humanitarian network in the world • ICRC has unique permanent legal mandate for humanitarian action in conflict • States recognise IFRC and National Societies’ roles to provide humanitarian assistance • 7 fundamental principles: Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity and Universality.
Work of the ICRC – Health care for those affected by conflict
Work of the ICRC – Health care for those affected by conflict
Work of the ICRC – Building respect for IHL
Work of the ICRC – Restoring Family Links
Work of the ICRC – Water and Habitat
Work of the ICRC – Water and Habitat in prisons
Work of the ICRC – Visiting Detainees
Work of the Federation – Disaster Response & Coordination
Work of the Federation – Response to Natural Disasters
Work of the Federation – Building Capacity of National Societies
Work of the Federation – Health
Work of the Federation – Disaster Management
Work of the Federation – International Disaster Response Law
Australian Red Cross International Aid and Development
Australian Red Cross Work in the Asia & Pacific Regions Integrated Health Programs
Reducing preventable diseases.
Water and Sanitation
Safe drinking water and better sanitation.
Community Health & Hygiene
Education through hygiene and first aid training.
Disaster Management
Preparedness, response, risk reduction, climate change adaptation.
Blood
Safe supply, screening and use of blood products. Support national programs to mobilise blood donors.
Healthier, safer, more protected and sustainable lives for people in the Asia-Pacific region.
Red Cross National Society/Movement Partnerships Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
China
Myanmar
Afghanistan
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Sudan
Fiji
Samoa
Micronesia
Indonesia
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
East Timor
Palau
Tonga
Cook Islands
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Philippines
Kiribati
Development Projects
Aid Workers (Delegates)
• Australian Red Cross sends technically skilled Aid Workers worldwide. Currently there are 55 in the field in 26 countries - 15 with ICRC, 22 with IFRC, 18 with ARC • Professional profiles of Aid Workers: Disaster Management, Disaster Preparedness, Community Development, Livelihoods, Health, Food Security, Nutrition, Water & Sanitation, & Communications
International Emergency Response – Disaster Response Team (DRT) Australia Red Cross Disaster Response Team: Trained aid workers and relief equipment in: Emergency Water Supply Water Treatment Unit: Small and mobile. Provides clean drinking water for up to 5,000 people per day. Storage & distribution Emergency Shelter Tool Kits: hammers, spade, rope, etc Tarpaulins Kitchen sets Blankets
•Sanitation •Latrine Slabs •Hygiene Kits •Hygiene Promotion Material •Vector Control •Equipment for destroying •larvae and adult mosquitoes •Mosquito nets
Disaster Response Team (DRT)
• In the past four years the DRT has been deployed to the following countries: • • • • • • • •
Papua New Guinea India Vietnam Solomon Islands Myanmar Samoa Cook Islands New Zealand
Cyclone Pat – Cook Islands 2010
The disaster: • • • •
Cyclone Pat struck the island of Aitutaki on 10 February 2010 Aitutaki is approximately 7 kms long x 3 kms wide Population approx. 1,500 people 78% of the 580 homes were assessed as suffering between 50-100% damaged • The island has 2 banks, small number of general stores, a hospital with 2 doctors and a number of resorts
Cook Islands Red Cross Response • • • •
5 staff from Rarotonga 4 Board Members 26 Volunteers 1 Australian Red Cross
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Emergency Water Supply
Sanitation
Chainsaw Maintenance!
Construction techniques