UNIT SUMMARY

The Simple Past of Be

AffirmAtive StAtement negAtive StAtement Yes/No QueStion Short AnSwer Wh- QueStion negAtive Wh- QueStion Subject Wh- QueStion WAS He was in Paris. He wasn’t in London. Was he in Rome? No, he wasn’t. When was he in Paris? Why wasn’t he in Rome? Who was in London?

The Simple Past of Other Verbs

AffirmAtive StAtement negAtive StAtement Yes/No QueStion Short AnSwer Wh- QueStion negAtive Wh- QueStion Subject Wh- QueStion REGULAR VERB They worked in a bike shop. They didn’t work in a factory. Did they work in Ohio? Yes, they did. Where did they work? Why didn’t they work in a factory? Who worked in a factory?

WERE They were in Paris. They weren’t in London. Were they in Rome? Yes, they were. When were they in Paris? Why weren’t they in Rome? How many people were in Paris?

IRREGULAR VERB You flew to Florida. You didn’t fly to New York. Did you fly to Miami? No, I didn’t. Where did you fly? Why didn’t you fly to Miami? How many people flew to Miami?

Pronunciation of the Simple Past of Regular Verbs

RULES EXAMPLES We pronounce -ed as /t/ after voiceless sounds. jumped, cooked, coughed, kissed, washed, watched We pronounce -ed as /d/ after voiced sounds. rubbed, dragged, loved, bathed, used, massaged, charged, named, learned, banged, called, cared, freed, tied We pronounce -ed as /әd/ after /t/ or /d/ sounds. waited, hated, added, decided

Uses of the Simple Past

USE Single, short past actions Longer past actions Repeated past actions

EXAMPLES Lindbergh flew across the Atlantic Ocean. Lindbergh worked for the U.S. Mail Service. Goddard borrowed books on physical sciences from the library.