AW A R D C E R E M O N Y - P R O G R A M 2 0 1 6
The Kavli Prize is a partnership between The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, The Kavli Foundation and The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research
THE KAVLI PRIZE AWARD CEREMONY – PROGRAM
Oslo Concert Hall – September 6 2016
PROGRAM Procession • Crown Prince Haakon enters • Dance number Juice Crew • Masters of Ceremonies Lena Ellingsen and Alan Alda • Fantasiestücke, Op.73 (R. Schumann) performed by Birgitta Oftestad and Nikita Khnykin • Laureates in Astrophysics enter the stage •
Mats Carlsson, Committee Chair Astrophysics • Crown Prince Haakon presents the Prize • Libertango (A. Piazzolla) performed by Tine Thing Helseth • Laureates in Neuroscience enter the stage • Ole Petter Ottersen, Committee Chair Neuroscience • Crown Prince Haakon presents the Prize • 4
Rockell N. Hankin, Chairman of The Kavli Foundation • Musical performance by SiLyA • Laureates in Nanoscience enter the stage • Arne Brataas, Committee Chair Nanoscience • Crown Prince Haakon presents the Prize •
Laureates enters the stage • Ole M. Sejersted, President of The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters • Musical Finale by Steffen Isaksen Band • Crown Prince Haakon leaves • End of ceremony
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HONOURING EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has the great pleasure of welcoming you to the fifth Award Ceremony for the Kavli Prizes in Astrophysics, Nanoscience and Neuroscience. Today, nine outstanding scientists will be honoured for their ground-breaking discoveries and excellent work. The fields of research recognized by the three Kavli Prizes span the smallest, the most complex and the largest - the world of atoms and molecules, the complexity of our brain and wonders at a cosmic scale. This is basic science at its very best, providing knowledge that has implications far beyond what we today can imagine. Some of the work of today’s laureates has already had far-reaching consequences that benefit human-
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kind. However, the history of science tells us that the most important implications and applications of this new knowledge lie ahead of us. The discoveries of the laureates are parts of our cultural heritage.
the visionary legacy of the late Fred Kavli and congratulate the The Kavli Prize laureates!
It is at the core of the Academy’s raison d’être to honour excellence in science. The partnership with The Kavli Foundation and The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research has made this possible on a global international scale. While the prizes honour the scientists, the associated publicity and the prize related activities are also intended to raise awareness of the specific breakthroughs and the importance of scientific achievements in general. We are thankful for
Ole M. Sejersted President The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
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STRETCHING BOUNDARIES, OPENING OPPORTUNITIES Fred Kavli dedicated his time and his resources to promote scientific research for the benefit of humanity. He never ceased to be curious and visionary, and he was optimistic on behalf of our common future and the results we can achieve through science. Three years after Fred Kavli passed away, the global community is facing challenges greater than ever. In order to solve our major societal challenges we need to be bold, adventurous and ambitious. Bold in the way we conduct our research policy. Adventurous in the way we approach our research. And ambitious in what we want to achieve with our efforts. Fred Kavli’s legacy lives on through the Kavli Foundation. I am very proud
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of our partnership with the Kavli Foundation and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. By awarding the Kavli Prize we wish to recognize outstanding scientific research, honour highly creative scientists, promote public understanding of scientists and their work, and to foster international cooperation between scientists.
lead us and their work will continue to inspire others in the quest for new knowledge. I heartily congratulate this year’s Kavli Prize laureates!
The nine Kavli Prize laureates we are honouring this year have all proven themselves as creative, groundbreaking, bold and adventurous scientists. The results of their work stretch the boundaries of our knowledge and open opportunities. The laureates have shown us where curiosity can
Torbjørn Røe Isaksen Minister of Education and Research
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CELEBRATING BREAKTHROUGHS FROM BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: THE KAVLI PRIZE The Kavli Foundation is honored to welcome you to this year’s celebration of the 2016 Kavli Prize laureates. The Kavli Prizes support The Kavli Foundation’s mission by publicly celebrating scientists and their breakthroughs. This year’s winners exemplify the tremendous impact that science affords us to understand and transform our own reality. Neuroscience laureates have discovered the mechanisms by which our experiences remodel our brains. Nanoscience laureates have created the now ubiquitous tool enabling us to measure and sculpt our physical and living world at the nanoscale. Astrophysics laureates spent 40 years in pursuit of gravitational waves, finally validating Albert Einstein’s pre-
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diction of one hundred years ago of ripples in the fabric of space-time. The Foundation encourages, through its twenty permanent institutes at the world’s finest universities, the advancement of science for the benefit of all humanity. Fred Kavli, founder of The Kavli Foundation, would have been pleased to meet and congratulate the winners. So on behalf of our Founder, we applaud the 2016 Kavli Prize laureates and their scientific achievements.
Rockell N. Hankin Chairman, The Kavli Foundation
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MASTERS OF CEREMONIES
Lena Ellingsen is a Norwegian actress. In 2009 she received a Gullruten for Best Actress in a Lead Role for her work on the tv-series “Himmelblå” and in 2015 she received a Hedda Award for her supporting role in the musical “Dido + Aeneas”. She is mainly known for her lead role in the Norwegian tv-series “Mammon” but is also a highly acclaimed theater actress who is engaged at The National Theater where she has performed in multiple plays over the years.
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Alan Alda is an American actor, director, writer and seven-time Emmy Award winner. His long time interest in science and promoting a greater public understanding of science led him to host the award-winning PBS series, Scientific American Frontiers, on which he interviewed hundreds of scientists from around the world. He is a Visiting Professor at the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University, and is on the Board of the World Science Festival.
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The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has decided to award the Kavli Prize in Astrophysics for 2016 to Ronald W.P. Drever
California Institute of Technology, USA
Kip S. Thorne
California Institute of Technology, USA
Rainer Weiss
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
“for the direct detection of gravitational waves�
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THE KAVLI PRIZE IN ASTROPHYSICS
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THE KAVLI PRIZE IN ASTROPHYSICS is awarded to Ronald W.P. Drever Ronald W. P. Drever was born in Bishopton, Scotland in 1931, and went to school at Glasgow Academy. He is a Professor of Physics, Emeritus, at Caltech. He received his B.Sc. in Pure Science in 1953, Ph.D. in Natural Philosophy in 1958 from The University of Glasgow and subsequently a Professorship in 1979 in Glasgow. He joined LIGO as one of the founders with Kip Thorne and Rai Weiss. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Physical Society. Other notable work includes, the Hughes-Drever experiment, the accuracy of which makes this one of the most accurate confirmations of relativity. The Pound-Drever-Hall experiment, which is used for laser stabilization. He retired in 2009 due to medical reasons and returned to Scotland to live in a care home near his brother. His life’s sole focus was his work. Despite his hectic work schedule, he kept daily contact with his brother and would visit his family in Scotland every Christmas.
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THE KAVLI PRIZE IN ASTROPHYSICS is awarded to Kip S. Thorne Kip S. Thorne: The Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus, California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Born: Logan, Utah, USA June 1, 1940. Education: Caltech - BS in Physics, 1962; Princeton University - PhD in Physics, 1965. Positions held: Caltech: Postdoctoral Fellow 1966-67, Associate Professor 1967-70, Professor 1970-91, Feynman Professor 19912009, Feynman Professor Emeritus 2009 For nearly a half century, Thorne led a Caltech research group of about 5 graduate students and 3 postdoctoral students, working in theoretical relativistic astrophysics (black holes, neutron stars, gravitational waves), and in quantum measurement theory. With Rainer Weiss and Ronald Drever, he cofounded LIGO; and with students and postdocs, he contributed to understanding LIGO’s gravitational-wave sources, and to understanding some of LIGO’s noise sources and methods to control them. With Saul Teukolsky (Cornell), he cofounded the SXS project to simulate LIGO’s gravitational wave sources on computers. Since 2005, he has collaborated with artists, musicians and film makers on projects at the interface with science, including the movie Interstellar. 17
THE KAVLI PRIZE IN ASTROPHYSICS is awarded to Rainer Weiss Rainer Weiss: Emeritus Professor of Physics at MIT. Born: Berlin Germany Sept 29, 1932. Education: Columbia Grammar and Preparatory School, New York, MIT BS 1955, PhD 1962. Positions held: Tufts University Inst 1960-1961, Asst Prof 1961-1962, Post Doctoral Princeton 1962-1964, MIT Faculty 1965-2001, emeritus 2001, Adjunct Professor of Physics LSU 2001. As a technician and graduate student worked with Jerrold Zacharias on precision measurements of atomic and molecular energy states using molecular beam techniques, developed atomic clocks and attempted to make the Zacharias atomic fountain. Post Doctoral work with Robert Dicke in experimental relativity, learned new experimental techniques, set limits on scalar gravitational waves by observing the spherically symmetric oscillation mode of the solid earth. At MIT started a group in observational cosmology and experimental gravitation. The group worked on: absolute laser stabilization, measurements of the cosmic background radiation spectrum and isotropy, interferometric detection of gravitational waves. The research contributed to COBE and LIGO. 18
THE KAVLI PRIZE LAUREATES IN ASTROPHYSICS 2 0 0 8 Maarten Schmidt, California Institute of Technology, USA Donald Lynden-Bell, University of Cambridge, UK 2 0 1 0 Jerry E. Nelson, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Raymond N. Wilson, European Southern Observatory, Germany Roger Angel, University of Arizona, USA 2 0 1 2 David Jewitt, University of California, USA Jane Luu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Michael Edwards Brown, California Institute of Technology, USA 2 0 1 4 Alan H. Guth, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Andrei D. Linde, Stanford University, CA, USA Alexei A. Starobinsky, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 0 1 6 Ronald W.P. Drever, California Institute of Technology, USA Kip S. Thorne, California Institute of Technology, USA Rainer Weiss, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
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The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has decided to award the Kavli Prize in Neuroscience for 2016 to Eve Marder
Brandeis University, USA
Michael Merzenich
University of California San Francisco, USA
Carla Jo Shatz
Stanford University, USA
“for the discovery of mechanisms that allow experience and neural activity to remodel brain function�
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THE KAVLI PRIZE IN NEUROSCIENCE
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THE KAVLI PRIZE IN NEUROSCIENCE is awarded to Eve Marder Eve Marder, the Victor and Gwendolyn Beinfield Professor of Neuroscience studies the dynamics of neuronal networks and their modulation. She received her Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of California at San Diego, and joined the faculty at Brandeis University in 1978 after postdoctoral training at the University of Oregon and the Ecole Normale Superieure. Marder is a Past President of the Society for Neuroscience, and a member of the National Academies of Sciences and Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She has served on numerous editorial boards, and is currently Deputy Editor of eLife. She received the Salpeter Memorial Award for Women in Neuroscience, the Gerard Prize from the Society for Neuroscience, the George A. Miller Award from the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, the Karl Spencer Lashley Prize from the American Philosophical Society, an Honorary Doctorate from Bowdoin College, the Gruber Award in Neuroscience, and the Education Award from the Society for Neuroscience. Marder served on the NIH working group for the Obama BRAIN Initiative. 22
THE KAVLI PRIZE IN NEUROSCIENCE is awarded to Michael Merzenich “A native of Lebanon, Oregon, Merzenich was trained as a neuroscientist at the Johns Hopkins University and the University of Wisconsin before joining the UC San Francisco faculty. Research interests have included the functional organization of brain systems; the neurological bases of cortical plasticity; and the neurological origins of and remediation of developmental and acquired impairments and illnesses. His research team has extensively modeled changes induced in the brain following brain injury and stroke; resulting from distorted experiential histories; and contributing to pathological neurological regression in aging. All were studied to provide the bases for developing brain plasticity-based medical therapeutics to treat neurological and psychiatric impairment and illness in human populations. Dr. Merzenich has been recognized as the co-inventor of the cochlear implant. He co-founded Scientific Learning, dedicated to delivering remedial brain-based therapies to help struggling school-age children. In 2002, he co-founded Posit Science, which produces computer-delivered therapies applied to improve the brain health status of psychiatrically- and neurologically-impaired children and adults.� 23
THE KAVLI PRIZE IN NEUROSCIENCE is awarded to Carla Jo Shatz Carla J. Shatz is Sapp Family Provostial Professor of Biology and Neurobiology and the David Starr Jordan Director of Bio-X, Stanford University’s pioneering interdisciplinary biosciences program. She received her B.A. in Chemistry from Harvard in 1969, an M.Phil. (Physiology; 1971) from University College London as a Marshall Scholar, and her Ph.D. (Neurobiology; 1976) from Harvard Medical School. Shatz joined the faculty at Stanford in 1978, then moved to UC Berkeley in 1992, and then to Harvard Medical School in 2000, where she was the first woman to Chair the Department of Neurobiology. She returned to Stanford in 2007 to direct Bio-X. Dr. Shatz is a neuroscientist who has devoted her career to understanding the dynamic interplay between genes and environment that shapes brain circuits - the very essence of our being. Shatz has earned many honors and awards, including election to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and the Royal Society of London. She received the Gruber Neuroscience Prize in 2015.
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THE KAVLI PRIZE LAUREATES IN NEUROSCIENCE 2 0 0 8 Sten Grillner, Karolinska Institute, Sweden Thomas M. Jessell, Columbia University, USA Pasko Rakic, Yale University, USA 2 0 1 0 Richard M. Scheller, Genentech, USA Thomas C. Sßdhof, Stanford University, USA James E. Rothman, Yale University, USA 2 0 1 2 Cornelia Isabella Bargmann, The Rockefeller University, USA Ann Martin Graybiel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Winfried Denk, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Germany 2 0 1 4 Brenda Milner, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada John O’Keefe, University College London, UK Marcus E. Raichle, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, USA 2 0 1 6 Eve Marder, Brandeis University, USA Michael Merzenich, University of California San Francisco, USA Carla Jo Shatz, Stanford University, USA
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The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has decided to award the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience for 2016 to Gerd Binnig
Former Member of IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Switzerland
Christoph E. Gerber University of Basel, Switzerland
Calvin F. Quate
Stanford University, USA
“ for the invention and realization of atomic force microscopy, a breakthrough in measurement technology and nanosculpting that continues to have a transformative impact on nanoscience and technology�
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THE KAVLI PRIZE IN NANOSCIENCE
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THE KAVLI PRIZE IN NANOSCIENCE is awarded to Gerd Binnig
Born in Frankfurt (1947) Dr. Binnig studied there at the Goethe University, where he received his doctorate degree in physics in 1978. He then immediately joined IBM’s Zurich Research Laboratory and stayed with IBM till 2002. During this time he invented the Scanning Tunneling Microscope, STM, together with his colleague Dr. Heinrich Rohrer and the Atomic Force Microscope, AFM, which he developed together with Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber during a guest professorship at Stanford University (1985-88). From 1987 to 1995 he opened and operated a small IBM research group within the University of Munich. Besides receiving numerous honors Dr. Binnig was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (1986) together with Dr. Rohrer for the invention of the STM. In 1989 Dr. Binnig published a book and based on the ideas developed therein he founded the company Definiens in 2000. Gerd Binnig has a son, Marvin, and a daughter, Iris. Since 2003 he is married to his second wife, Renate. Music and sports were always important to him.
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THE KAVLI PRIZE IN NANOSCIENCE is awarded to Christoph E. Gerber Born and raised in Basel Switzerland in the vicinity of where he works now at the Swiss Nano Institute at the university of Basel in a position as a (titular) research professor . The last 35 years of his career have been dedicated to Nanoscience. Particularly since the developed the AFM Atomic Force Microscope ,the ‘forces’ stayed with him ever since. This work started together with Gerd Binnig on a sabbatical leave from the IBM Research lab. in Zürich in Cal Quate’s group at Stanford University and at the IBM research lab in Almaden. The device developed, resembles an old record player with the slight difference that the measured forces between the tip and sample (record) are 1 million times smaller and allows to get up close and personal with individual atoms in a 3-D representation. He is the author and co-author of more than 170 scientific papers that have appeared in peerreviewed journals and has been cited more than 28‘000 times in cross-disciplinary fields. He has given numerous plenary and invited talks at international conferences. 29
THE KAVLI PRIZE IN NANOSCIENCE is awarded to Calvin F. Quate Calvin Quate was born in the small desert town of Baker, Nevada, on December 7, 1923, and was educated in a one-room schoolhouse until the age of 11. In 1934, the family moved to Salt Lake City, where Cal earned a BS in electrical engineering from the University of Utah in 1944. After a short stint in the Navy, Cal obtained a PhD in electrical engineering from Stanford in 1950 and went to work at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey. In 1961, he joined Stanford’s departments of Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering where, in association with Gerd Binnig and Christoph Gerber, he developed the Atomic Force Microscope. Cal often took his students skiing, kayaking and camping in Nevada and California. At the age of 50, he learned to windsurf. Cal has four daughters and three stepchildren.
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THE KAVLI PRIZE LAUREATES IN NANOSCIENCE 2 0 0 8 Louis Brus, Columbia University, USA Sumio Iijima, Meijo University, Japan 2 0 1 0 Donald M. Eigler, IBM Almaden Research Center, USA Nadrian C. Seeman, New York University, USA 2 0 1 2 Mildred Dresselhaus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA 2 0 1 4 Thomas W. Ebbesen, Université de Strasbourg, France Stefan W. Hell, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany Sir John B. Pendry, Imperial College London, UK 2 0 1 6 Gerd Binnig, Former Member of IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Switzerland Christoph E. Gerber, University of Basel, Switzerland Calvin F. Quate, Stanford University, USA
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FRED KAVLI (1927 - 2013) “The Kavli prizes are a fulfillment of my lifelong dream to support the human quest for knowledge to science. …Let these prizes be a token of thanks and gratitude for moving us along the path of greater understanding of the human being, nature and the universe.” Fred Kavli, 2008 Kavli Prize Ceremony
scientific research, and support scientists and their work. As chairman of The Kavli Foundation, his many accomplishments included overseeing the establishment of a worldwide community of renowned research institutes in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience, neuroscience and theoretical physics. He led the Foundation’s efforts to establish the Kavli Prizes in cooperation with Norway.
Fred Kavli [1927-2013] was an entrepreneur and philanthropist dedicated to supporting science research that benefits humanity.
Among Fred Kavli’s many honors are the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit for Outstanding Service and the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy. He was awarded an honorary doctorate, Doctor Honoris Causa, by his alma mater, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, in recognition of his work to benefit and advance science, and he was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of Oslo. He was elected honorary member of The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 2009.
A Norwegian-born American, Fred Kavli grew up in the mountains of Norway where, as a young man, he watched the Northern Lights while pondering the universe, nature, and the wonders of humanity. That love of science would stay with him throughout his life. After receiving his education in physics at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, he emigrated to the United States, where shortly thereafter he founded the Kavlico Corporation. He established The Kavli Foundation in 2000 in order to advance science for the benefit of humanity, promote public understanding of
Fred Kavli passed away on November 21, 2013 and is laid to rest in his hometown of Eresfjord, Norway.
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ARTISTS
Juice Crew Juice Crew is a Norwegian dance crew from Oslo. They were established by Moh Dasoki, Raid Al-Idani and Hassan Elahi spring 2011. From then they have been sharing their knowledge & dance style through workshops and showcases, also on national TV like “Norway’s Got Talent” and “Mitt Dansecrew”. They are a great example of the power of collaboration. Separately they are great dancers, collectively they represent something much more.
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Birgitta Oftestad and Nikita Khnykin Birgitta Oftestad (born 2002) is a young Norwegian cellist and Nikita Khnykin (born 2003) a pianist. They are both students at the Young Talents program of Barratt Due Institute of Music Oslo as well as participants of the national Crescendo mentor program for Young Talents (2016). Birgitta plays on a cello “ex. Perenyi”, owned by Dextra Musica. Nikita has in September 2016 been selected to represent Norway on the International Steinway Piano Festival in Hamburg.
Tine Thing Helseth Tine Thing Helseth has established herself as one of the world’s leading solo trumpetists, with a soft, clear and distinct sound, and with the whole world as her stage. She has performed as a soloist with many of the world’s leading symphonic orchestras as well as all major Norwegian orchestras. Tine’s vibrant schedule continued into the 15/16 season, with performances with the Belgrade and Helsinki Philharmonic orchestras, NDR Radio Philharmonic Hanover and the Dresdner Kapellsolisten. She was Artist in Residence at the Bodensee Festival, and curated Manchester Camerata’s UpClose series. 35
SiLyA Silya Nymoen is a Norwegian singer, songwriter and performer. She records and performs live with her band Silya & The Sailors. With an education from Oslo National Academy of the Arts (KHIO) as a dancer, she has also done musicals and theatre. She has appeared on TV several times as an artist, actress and TV presenter.
Production: GYRO
www.dnva.no
See also: The Kavli Prize www.kavliprize.org The Kavli Foundation www.kavlifoundation.org
Design: Enzo Finger Design | Printing: RKG 2016
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Drammensveien 78, 0271 Oslo, Norway Tel: +47 22 84 15 00