Journal Part B

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Among the best-known applications of geometric design is that of the gridshell. From Frei Otto’s 1975 Multihalle Mannheim to Foster and Partners’ Great Court Roof, the gridshell has provided an effective method for communicating complex geometries. In practice, gridshells are interpretations of shell structures realised through a structural lattice of beams. The implications of gridshell construction have reduced weight substantially while retaining structural behaviour and allowed great flexibility in construction methodology. Geometry has been an interesting application of computational design in the recent decades. While form-finding and mathematically defined geometries are not new in architecture, the speed and ease with which we can now generate solutions is truly transformative. While the final forms can be comparatively sober in the context of this studio, I find great value in the empirical principles governing geometric design. As geometric design focuses on attaining the ideal form, it should theoretically prove advantageous in producing an efficient design with optimal performance. While realistically performance can depend heavily upon material consistency and connection quality, we should at least be able to replicate the operating principles of a given design. One other advantage of geometric design is the ease of reproducing complex forms. As the structure is constructed of simple components, it should increase the ease with which we realise our design.

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B.1. Research Field

Part B. CRITERIA DESIGN

Selected field: Geometry.

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Species 1 - Curve Divisions B.2. Case Study 1.0 - Gridshells

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Species 3 - Edge and Basic Curve Manipulation

Species 2 - Shift Degree

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Species 4 - New Geometries Design Potential Being a fairly common technique in practice, the use of gridshells has great potential in the fabrication of our designs. With the relative simplicity of its associated algorithm, I should be able to adapt a lattice interpretation for most potential designed geometries. With its association with geodesic curves, fabrication should theoretically be achievable with singular strip members. 28

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Although simple, this 20-20 shift iteration best encapsulates the logically structural pattern of the gridshell.

This iteration was a good demonstration on the visual effect as the lines form distinct folding lines and become darker in the denser regions.

The optimal thickness of piping was 0.1mm. This thickness retained the lightweight of the gridshell while also providing a sense of rigidity.

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Selection and Success

Species 5 - Adding Thickness

The selection criteria should be a combination of structural articulation, constructability and visual effect.

Although I discovered that similar curves will generate the cleanest results, I also found that touching curves will likely generate undesirable outcomes. In this case, I managed to create a familiar shape. 31


Plant Behaviour

Algorithmic Sketchbook - Plants 32

Abstract Drawing - Convergence

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B.3. Case Study 2.0

My chosen project was the Canton Tower by Information Based Architecture. When it opened in 2010, it was the tallest tower in the world at 604m. According to the architects, they sought “to create a ‘female’ tower, being complex, transparent, curvy, gracious and sexy” and imbue it “with a rich and human-like identity”1. To achieve this, the form is generated with two ellipses at the top and bottom, twisted to form the tower’s ‘waist’. This is finally realised through a system of columns, rings and braces. The resultant pattern appears to tighten around the centre, drawing parallels to the desired feminine form. The successful marriage of form with elegant structural implementation has created a memorable structure for Guangzhou’s skyline.

Reverse-engineering To simulate the original process was not very challenging as “the geometry was designed by parametric associative software”1. In any case the real difficulty in this project is the mass customisation of joints as opposed to the generation of individual members.

1. Elliptical boundaries are generated

2. Vertical translation and rotation of the top ellipse F2 34

1 ‘The Canton Tower’ - <http://gztvtower.info/> [1st April 2018]

1 Arup. ‘Guangzhou TV Tower’ <https://www.arup.com/projects/guangzhou-tv-tower> [1st April 2018]

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3. A lofted surface is generated through arcs

Analysis of Success The overall form is quite similar as is the structural pattern. One notable difference however is the project’s use of only two base boundaries. Despite also using a twisted loft, I found it far easier to simulate the desired form with an extra, intermediate boundary. As I’ve noted earlier, one design implication is the geometry of joints. This was not considered in my process. 36

4. The structural columns – 24 primary geodesic curves are generated along this surface

5. These curves are then divided at 40 intervals and serve as anchors for the internal rings Going further

6. Finally secondary braces are generated between the rings and columns

One simple improvement would be proper scaling. With scaling done I would like to show the actual radii of members in order to better emulate the tower. The main visual effect of this system is the density of structural grid. With its similarity to simple gridshells and freedom in form, I think this definition has much potential for further development, particularly if an airy, light effect is desired. 37


Algorithim Sketchbook - Animal Completed Model

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F3

Bird Behaviour Algorithim Sketchbook - Animal

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in K d e r c Sa

r e h gfis


Division Input B.4. Technique: Development

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Translating Boundaries

Anchor Shift

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Rotation & Translation


Relative Item Patterns (Vertical) Relative Item Patterns (Horizontal)

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New Reference Curves

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Refined Attempts 52

Success no.1

Success no.2

Success no. 3

Success no.4

Succeeded in producing a complex, layered form without excessive kinking. Shows degree to which variation in density can be emphasised.

A much rounded shape relatively uncommon during manipulation. A smooth result.

Not only uniform but succeeded in demonstrating a smooth gradient in density. Shows potential for further visual development.

Almost a complete return to the initial design. Probably the most fitting for a column and still retains the interesting structural composition. 53


Algorithmic Journal - A New Order

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B.5. Prototyping

A series of connected circles form the base of the facade. They come in 3 sizes and are arranged based on tessellation. The triple layer construction conceals the connections.

All components are laser-cut MDF. Straight members are bent at their ends and attached to rings on either side. 4 members support each section.

The finished section is a truncated cone to be wrapped with fabric. The openings are left open and intended to be glazing.

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Modifications and Analysis

Overall, the prototyping was smooth. This is largely due to the simplicity of our design and its use of repetitive elements. The use of laser cutting greatly expedited the process and proved to offer accuracy inefficient to produce by hand. One area we have addressed after prototyping was the increase in variation. The current pattern does not offer sufficient variation to clearly express any pattern and this is one issue we have noticed. The main selection criteria has been that of visual effect. Through the use of different fabrics we have been able to compare various degrees of light diffusion and material effects. The structure proved mostly sound though a more rigid joint would have likely helped the cones maintain their correct angles.

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B.6. Technique: Proposal

Our proposal for a new order at Northcote Town Hall is grounded in our belief that the current building is misguided in its intentions and should be changed in order to better reflect the local context. The current Greek order was likely intended to reflect the power and wealth of its occupents. Most people today would likely share the same impression. Yet, this is a misinterpretation of Greek architecture. The motifs reflected reflect a history of sacrifice, of blood-letting1. In order to to remedy this mistake and better represent Merri Creek, we propose a new order based upon the vibrant wildlife which thrive in this wonderful pocket of nature.

Precedent Collage 60

Columns 1:20

1 Hersey, George (1988). The Lost Meaning of Classical Architecture (London; Massachusetts; The MIT Press) pp. 1-45 [1 Apr 2018]

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Ornament Drawings

Ornament Drawings

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Chunk Drawings

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Generic Filler Text 2.0 000 Generic Filler Text 10000000

Elevation & Perspective


On the goal of “teaching computation”, I do believe that we have come a long way since part A. The weekly tasks have been intensive and it is clear that many have come to grasp the capabilities of parametric design. Although I do not believe I have come as far, I still believe that my confidence in the topic has increased. The lectures and readings presented have enriched my understanding of contemporary practices. One interesting note is the importance of fabricators. As noted by Peter Brady, “computational design tools need to be more closely connected with the With half the semester behind us, building process”1 and that “integration with fabricators” is an important part of it is once again time to reflect computational design and realisation. upon what we’ve learned. The studio has picked up rapidly and developed a strong experimen- The experiences of the guest lecturer also affirms the role of advanced tal atmosphere. fabrication in the implementation of such designs. As an extension, design Although the subject’s learning documentation are also essential. The objectives places great designers must be able to convey the emphasis on the technical side of computational design, it does process of fabrication to the constructors come as a great relieve that we who carry out the final assembly. It is this integrated system which drives our will tackle the topic of architecarchitecture today. ture after all. 1 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Realising the Architectural Intent:Computation at Herzog & De Meuron’. Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 56-61<LMS> [15 April 2018]

The greatest challenge has been the fusion of all the week’s materials into one cohesive brief. Without thinking in advance has left me vulnerable to sudden changes in direction. This has caused a lack of consistency within our group work. The jump from columns to entire facades was a big one and perhaps caught some of us off-guard.

Reflection

B.7. Learning Objectives and Outcomes 66

The course states a list of motivations and differences from a traditional studio model. The first is “teaching how to make persuasive arguments”. I find this point most interesting. I have yet to see a reason why persuasion would be any less central in other studios. On the contrary, I find it more challenging to develop an argument in this studio as we are constantly dealing with techniques we are yet unfamiliar with.

A major regret was the somewhat inadequate communication between my group mate and I. Initially convinced that the column and facade were for equal importance, we divided the work like such. What arose was a distinct disconnect between the styles of column and facade. External pressures also took a toll on our collaboration resulting in a facade proposal that was far from complete. In the coming weeks I’d like to take time to carefully consider the direction of our facade and improve it. One last issue was our failure to produce a 3D print. Having tried our luck at printing in the NextLAB, we were confronted by constant failure. From unacceptable geometries to incorrect file types this exercise also showed the inefficiencies of 3D printing. The technology still requires extensive know-how and thus becomes inhibitively expensive externally. I believe that at least a few more years will be required before the technology will become readily accessible among the general populace. 67


Hersey, George (1988). The Lost Meaning of Classical Architecture (London; Massachusetts; The MIT Press) pp. 1-45 <LMS>, [1 April 2018] Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Realising the Architectural Intent:Computation at Herzog & De Meuron’. Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 56-61 <LMS>, [1 April 2018] ‘The Canton Tower’ (n.d.), <http://gztvtower.info/>, [1st April 2018]

Figure 1 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/British_Museum_Great_Court_roof.jpg

Figures

Citations

Arup. (n.d.)‘Guangzhou TV Tower’ <https://www.arup.com/projects/guangzhoutv-tower>, [1st April 2018]

Figure 2 http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1801440 Figure 3 http://planetbirds.blogspot.com.au/2014/06/sacred-kingfisher.html

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