Conservation Land Planning by EquinoxEnviro

Conservation Land Planning

2020 Conservation and Sub-division Assessment Mountain Property prepared for:

Owner

prepared by:

Theus Property Ordinance Review Finalized May 7, 2020

Project Introduction

The proposed property (PIN: 7561-12-3007) is approximately 27.01 acres and has access via Whiteside Mountain Road. The current 27.01 acre property, located within the Cashiers Township, is undeveloped and does not have a zoning classification in Jackson County. Within the 27.01 acre property there is a 3.01 acre in-holding parcel that contains the Theus Residence. A 1.32 acre pond exists on the property and contains the headwaters of an unnamed tributary of the Chattooga River, which is in the Savannah River Basin. The unnamed tributary runs off the property to the west. The topography is steep with 11-35% slopes. The highest elevation of the property is 4280’ and lowest elevation is 3912’. All base information collected for the property was field identified or GIS available information through Jackson County (including LIDAR topography, streams and tax parcel data). The current owners, Jim and Caroline Theus, plan on utilizing the property for limited development and potentially placing a conservation easement on a portion of it.

JACKSON COUNTY ORDINANCE REVIEW Permitted Land Use Subdivisions Section 4.1 General provisions No lot shall be approved for building unless it contains an adequate building site and all plans shall be submitted for approval by the appropriate authority. According to Article IV. Subdivisions, the subdivision of the Theus property would likely classify as a minor subdivision. -

A minor subdivision represents the division of a property into 8 lots or less with adequate access to an existing state-maintained road and no new wastewater would be proposed.

37 Haywood Street, Suite 100

Asheville NC 28801

828.253.6856

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There is no requirement to establish a property owners association, but adequate provisions shall be made for the maintenance and repair of road and other community facilities on the property.

If the property is only subdivided into two lots from one lot, then the administrator shall minimize restrictions to avoid “undue hardship”.

Street Standards (Sec. 4.3.5 – Subdivision Design) Private, Single Driveways & Farm Access Roads (Non-commercial Access on Property)-Jackson County ordinance requires that private subdivision roads that connect to an existing state-maintained road be constructed in accordance with NCDOT’s most recent version of Subdivision Roads Minimum Construction Standards. Any roads not constructed to state standards must be privately maintained, and all lots shall have access to a road that is sufficient to provide access to emergency vehicles. -

A minor road (up to 12 units served) has a required minimum right-of-way width of 35’, travel width of 14’ and shoulders shall be 2’ wide. The maximum length for this road type is 2,650 feet.

A Shared Drive (up to 8 units served) has a required minimum right-of-way width of 30’, travel width of 10’ and shoulders shall be 2’ wide. The maximum length for this road type is 5,300 feet.

(If the road length exceeds the maximum for that road type, the road shall be constructed to the standards of the next type regardless of the number of homes/lots served.)

All lots within a subdivision must abut a road built to the above criteria. Turnarounds: -

Turnarounds shall be provided at any dead end for fire and emergency vehicles.

Minimum ROW radius: 45 feet.

Minimum pavement radius: 30 feet.

T-turnarounds and hammerhead turnarounds may be used in lieu of a bulb turnaround on dead end roads. The minimum length of the maneuvering segment shall be 45 feet and the minimum width shall be 18 feet.

37 Haywood Street, Suite 100

Asheville NC 28801

828.253.6856

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Maximum grades: -

Maximum road grade is 15% - anything above this will require a "landing" section on either end, and will be required to be paved.

(Note: the grade of residential roads may be increased up to a grade of 20 % upon approval of the planning board in order to minimize grading and/ vegetation removal. A leveling area will need to be provided on either end of the road segment with any grade exceeding 15%. )

Steep grade requirements: -

Tangent grades in excess of 15% shall not exceed 200 feet in length and should have an entrance grade of 15%

Road radii less than 90 feet: 15% maximum grade

Intersections: Maximum grade of 10% grade on 30 feet of both sides

Turnarounds: 10% maximum grade

Stormwater Drainage Standards (Sec. 4.4 – Subdivision Design) -

Drainage systems shall be designed with low-impact design standards. A drainage plan shall be approved by Jackson County.

The plan shall include: location of proposed structural stormwater controls; low impact design elements; location of existing and proposed conveyance systems, and location of bridges and culverts.

Erosion Control plans shall be submitted to and approved by the State Division of Land Quality for any disturbance greater than ½ acre or more.

All perennial stream corridors shall maintain a minimum 30’ vegetated buffer.

Completion and Maintenance Guarantees (Sec. 4.9 – Subdivision Design) Completion of all street, sanitary sewer and storm drainage, sidewalk, street signs, monuments, erosion control, street lights and other required improvements is required by Jackson County prior to recording the final plat.

37 Haywood Street, Suite 100

Asheville NC 28801

828.253.6856

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Mountain and hillside development (Sec. 5.8 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Subdivision Design) Jackson County has established a Mountain and Hillside Development District that identifies all areas with a slope of 35 percent or more. Although the Theus property is not shown as residing within the overlay district as mapped on the County GIS, it does contain areas where the slope is 35 percent or more and any development of these areas would require further analysis. If the average percent slope is determined 35% or higher, development of the property will have to comply with the restrictions set forth in this ordinance.) On April 29, 2020 the Jackson County Planning department was contacted to determine the average percent slope of the property. It was determined that the average percent slope is 33.15%. Thus, it was determined that development of this property does not have to adhere to the Mountain and hillside Development Ordinance.

Emergency Fire Service Area Based on the location of the property, the Cashiers Fire Department in Jackson County would provide emergency fire services to the property.

37 Haywood Street, Suite 100

Asheville NC 28801

828.253.6856

www.equinoxenvironmental.com

Map from Jackson County Planning Department - April 29,2020

Theus Property Soils Review Finalized May 7, 2020

Project Introduction

Soil Review

Site specific soil testing will be needed to determine suitable soils for septic systems. Based on our site visit in which we tested for the depth of bedrock, a limiting factor to having a traditional septic system, and USDA-NRCS Soil Survey of Jackson County, NC (excerpts below); the following recommendations are being provided at the planning level.

Soils most suitable for development on the property. CnD-Chestnut-Edneyville complex, windswept, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony Excavations for dwellings with basements and the installation of septic tank absorption fields may be hampered by the depth to weathered bedrock in areas of the Chestnut soil. This map unit is suited to access roads.

37 Haywood Street, Suite 100

Asheville NC 28801

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Secondary soils that may be suitable for development on the property. CnD-Chestnut-Edneyville complex, windswept, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony Both soils are well drained. This map unit may be poorly suited to building site development because of the slope, difficult access across the steep terrain, the harsh climate, and the hazard of erosion. Excavations for dwellings with basements and the installation of septic tank absorption fields may be hampered by the depth to weathered bedrock in areas of the Chestnut soil. This map unit is poorly suited to access roads. Slope and freezing and thawing are the main management concerns. Freezing and thawing in spring and fall and frequent ice storms in winter increase cost of maintaining the roads. CuD-Cullasaja-Tuckasegee complex, 15-30 percent slopes, stony. This map unit may be poorly suited to building site development. The slope, stones, runoff from the higher adjacent areas, and the hazard of erosion are management concerns. The Tuckasegee soil is better suited to building site development than the Cullasaja soil because it has fewer stones and seeps or springs are less common. Excavation for dwellings with basements is hampered by stones and underground water from seeps and springs. A drainage system is needed in these areas. Building sites should be designed so that runoff from the higher adjacent areas is diverted. Sites that are wet because of seeps, springs, and runoff, and, where practical, areas of the Cullasaja soil should not be used for septic tank absorption fields. EdD-Edneyville-Chestnut complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony Permeability is moderately rapid in both soils. The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches in the Edneyville soil, and the depth to weathered bedrock is 20 to 40 inches in the Chestnut soil. Surface runoff is slow in areas where undisturbed forest litter is on the surface and rapid where the litter has been removed. This map may be poorly suited to building site development because of the slope, difficult access, and the hazard of erosion. Also, excavations for dwellings with basements and the installation of septic tank absorption fields are hampered by the depth to weathered bedrock in areas of the Chestnut soil.

37 Haywood Street, Suite 100

Asheville NC 28801

828.253.6856

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This map unit is poorly suited to access roads because of the hazard of erosion, freezing and thawing, and the slope. Building and maintaining the roads are difficult and costly. Hydroseeding is a good way to revegetate steep, bare areas.

Soils that will provide challenges to home site development and may be unsuitable for development on the property CuE-Cullasaja-Tuckasegee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony. This map unit occurs mainly as areas of steep, very deep, well drained Cullasaja and Tuckasegee soils on toe slopes in coves near the headwaters of streams in the intermediate mountains. Typically, the Cullasaja soil is along the drainageways and the Tuckasegee soil is between drainageways. When the soil is wet, unsurfaced roads are slick, soft, and dangerous because of the slope and the content of clay, especially in areas of the Tuckasegee soil. The roads should be designed so that runoff from the higher adjacent areas is properly diverted. This map unit is poorly suited to access roads. The slope, stones, runoff from the higher adjacent areas, springs and seeps, and the severe hazard of erosion are management concerns. Building and maintaining the roads are difficult and costly. Building the roads near the area of contact with the uplands, where practical, helps to avoid the springs, the seeps, and the large stones. Revegetating large areas that have been cut and filled is difficult because of the slope. Hydroseeding is a good way to revegetate steep areas that have been cut and filled. Building roadbeds on the natural soil, where possible, minimizes slumping. The roads should be designed so that runoff from the higher adjacent areas is properly diverted. The water from seeps and springs should be properly diverted from the roadbeds. Road failures are common. PwE-Plott fine sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony. Permeability is moderately rapid. The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Surface runoff is slow in areas where undisturbed forest litter is on the surface and rapid where the litter has been removed. The soil is frozen for long periods in the winter and warms up later in the spring than other soils at the same elevation. When the soil is wet, skid trails and unsurfaced roads are highly erodible and very slick because of the slope and the content of organic matter in the surface layer. This map unit is poorly suited to building site development. The slope and the severe hazard of erosion are the main management concerns. The cold temperatures in winter increase the costs of utilities and maintenance and reduce the potential for year-round homes. Because the slopes are too steep to operate equipment safely, septic tank absorption fields generally are dug by hand.

37 Haywood Street, Suite 100

Asheville NC 28801

828.253.6856

www.equinoxenvironmental.com

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Revegetating disturbed areas is difficult because of the slope and the very severe hazard of erosion. Hydroseeding is an excellent way to establish vegetation in steep, bare areas. This map unit is poorly suited to access roads. The slope, stones on the surface, and the severe hazard of erosion are the main management concerns. Revegetating large areas that have been cut and filled is very difficult. Hydroseeding is a good way to revegetate steep, bare areas. Building roadbeds on the natural soil, where possible, minimizes slumping. Because unsurfaced roadbeds are easily eroded and are slick, the roads should be surfaced and properly maintained for year-round use. Out-sloping road surfaces are needed to remove water because ditchbanks tend to slump. These measures allow water to be removed more often and in smaller amounts.

Soils unsuitable for any development on the property. CpF-Cleveland-Chestnut-Rock outcrop complex, windswept, 50 to 95 percent slopes. Landslides are common during prolonged periods of heavy rainfall. This map unit is poorly suited to building site development. Some areas have many scenic vistas and are commonly used as sites for summer homes. The slope, stones, the depth to bedrock, numerous areas of Rock outcrop, and the very severe hazard of erosion are management concerns. Excavation for dwellings with basements is hampered by the limited depth to bedrock. Suitable sites for septic tank absorption fields are scarce because of the slope and the depth to bedrock. The absorption fields commonly are dug by hand because of the slope. The hazard of ground-water contamination or stream pollution is severe. This map unit is poorly suited to access roads. The slope, the depth to bedrock, numerous areas of Rock outcrop, and the very severe hazard of erosion are management concerns. Building and maintaining the roads are difficult and costly. Drilling and blasting of the hard bedrock commonly are needed. Building the roadbed on the natural soil, where possible, minimizes slumping. Hydroseeding is a good way to vegetate steep, bare areas.

37 Haywood Street, Suite 100

Asheville NC 28801

828.253.6856

www.equinoxenvironmental.com

April 2020

Jackson County, North Carolina

Natural Resources Inventory Report Theus Property

Table of Contents 1.

Summary of Conservation Objectives A.

Purpose of Biological Inventory

Summary of Findings

General Property Information A.

Owner Contact Information

Directions to the Property

Site Assessment A.

Field Survey Methods 

Field Assessment Personnel



Field Assessment Methods



Data Recording Methods

Observations from Fieldwork



Description of Land Use and Land Cover

- Table 1: Soils of the Property 

Description of Connectivity

– 

Description of Flora



Description of Natural Communities



Description of Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat –

Table 2: Proximal NCNHP Natural and Managed Areas

Table 3: Incidental Wildlife Species Documented for the Property

Maps of the Property 

Figure 1: General Location Map



Figure 2: Aerial Photograph

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Figure 3: USGS Topographic Map

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Figure 4: Soils Map

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Figure 5: Natural Resources Map

Attachments A.

List of Incidental Plant Species Documented for the Property

Plant/Animal Status and Rank

References

SUMMARY OF CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES Purpose of Biological Inventory The purpose of this report is to document the existing conditions and conservation values on the Theus Property. The biological inventory (BI) serves as a baseline assessment of natural elements, or conservation values (CV), that are contained within a given area; CVs are the biological, physical, and cultural resources present on the Property, including (but not limited to) water resources, soils, proximity to contiguous forested and protected lands, rare or significant natural communities, plants or animals, and historical features. These features are of concern to and tracked by organizations like the N.C. Natural Heritage Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, regional land trusts, N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission, N.C. Division of Water Quality, and NatureServe – a consortium of state Natural Heritage programs. Planning efforts for the potential subdivision of the Property will be guided by the BI to ensure that negative impacts to important conservation values are avoided or minimized.

Summary of Findings The +/- 36-acre Theus Property, located in east Cashiers, Jackson County, NC and situated at the foot of the iconic Whiteside Mountain, contains a diversity of land cover types including managed areas with hard infrastructure and a home, and also expanses of relatively undisturbed land boasting several intact, high-quality natural community types. The managed area is approximately 10 acres in total, and contains road and utility infrastructure, a house with conjoined covered carport, and a series of ponds (one a sediment retention forebay, the other a stocked fishing pond). While certain areas, such as the pond and roads/utility ROWs, have been manipulated such that the original native land cover is no longer present, the managed area immediately surrounding the house has been spared from land clearing and as a result, retains much of its natural forest cover and the associated woodland feel. The field inventory and assessment revealed that the Theus Property contains several features having conservation value. The features that contribute to the significance of the Property are as follows:  

High Elevation Acidic Cove Forest Spray Cliff Habitat

Vegetation & Natural Communities The canopy is dominated by Northern red oak but contains other important species such as tulip poplar, Fraser magnolia, and sweet birch. The understory is fairly managed and lacks a natural consistent shrub component – what remains echoes the past presence of mountain laurel, great laurel, flame azalea, and buffalo-nut. Herbaceous cover appears undisturbed, however the field reconnaissance was timed such that many plants remained underground; however, semi-evergreen rosettes of oak sedge, asters, and goldenrods were present, and spent flowering stalks of false hellebore were common. Soil roads traversing the managed areas are predominantly covered with moss or sedge. While the sediment forebay pond is naturally vegetated on the majority of its perimeter, the vegetation surrounding the larger fishing pond appears to be established via landscaping and is regularly maintained by mowing and trimming. Portions of the fishing pond are shaded by overhanging canopy trees, but for the most part it remains sparsely vegetated along its perimeter. Of note is a small apparent outplanting of sweet

pitcherplant (Sarracenia rubra) located along the pond’s southeastern shore – although it is unlikely that these plants occurred here prior to the pond’s establishment, their inclusion in the system represents a sort of effigy to the natural bog ecosystems that were present in this part of the world prior to human influence and their subsequent conversion to recreational ponds and lakes. An expanse of natural landscapes exists beyond the Property’s managed areas. The upland ecosystems are composed mainly of High-elevation Red Oak Forest. Red oak co-dominates along with Fraser magnolia; other trees include basswood, American beech, sweet birch, cucumber magnolia, and the occasional yellow birch moving in from adjacent cove forests. Shrub diversity is high, and includes an abundance of witch hazel along with mature mountain holly, striped maple, buffalo-nut, and flame azalea. Timing of fieldwork was such that many herbaceous plants had yet to emerge, but forensic assessment of material remaining from the 2019 growing season indicates high herbaceous diversity. In more open areas of the understory extensive mats of oak sedge dominate and are dotted with asters, goldenrods, and other perennial plants like false hellebore. High Elevation Acidic Cove Forest occupies the coves and stream bottoms across the Property. Dominant canopy trees include yellow birch, basswood, tulip poplar, red maple, Fraser magnolia, and eastern hemlock; it should be noted that many of the large-diameter hemlocks that dominated the cove have died in recent years and have contributed to significant canopy gaps as well as an abundance of downed woody debris. The shrub layer is heavily dominated by great laurel. The herbaceous stratum is subdued by the density of shrubs and the overall acidity of the habitat, but includes plants such as rattlesnake plantain orchid, pipsissewa, and galax. Small but notable spray cliff habitats occur in grottos formed along the stream channels. These habitats are perennially damp from direct and indirect waterfall spray. They are inherently rare, unique, and supportive of a suite of interesting and uncommon mosses, liverworts, and gametophytic ferns, some of which have a generally tropical distribution.

GENERAL PROPERTY INFORMATION Owner Contact Information Mailing Address: Jim and Caroline Theus 6291 Old Baton Rouge Highway Alexandria, LA 71302 Telephone: (318) 623-8101 Directions to the Property 1. From Asheville in Buncombe County, N.C., take I-240W/US-70W toward West Asheville. 2. After approximately 1.5 miles, keep right to continue onto I-240 W/I-26 E; follow signs for I-240 W/I-26 E/I-40. 3. After 13 miles, take exit 40 onto NC-280 toward the Asheville Regional Airport. 4. In 16 miles, continue onto Asheville highway 5. In 3.9 miles turn right onto Rosman Highway. 6. After 32 miles, turn left onto Whiteside Mountain Road. 7. In 0.7 miles turn left on to driveway. Arrive at 160 Whiteside Mountain Road.

SITE ASSESSMENT Field Survey Methods Field Assessment Personnel The field survey was conducted by Equinox and consisted of Megan Foy (Project Manager, Designer), Owen Carson (Senior Ecologist/Botanist) and Charles Lawson (Wildlife Biologist). Field Assessment Methods The field survey was conducted on March 18, 2020. The field survey was focused on habitats and natural features of the property surrounding the current developed area. The survey started at the main access to the house, proceeding northward and ultimately following the property boundary around the entire parcel. During the survey natural communities, habitats, stream courses, and other significant features were documented. Data Recording Methods Site assessment data was recorded through the use of GPS, site photography, and field notes. Two GPS platforms were used during the site assessment: a Garmin GPSmap 64st handheld gps and Avenza Maps Apple application (3.9.1 ARCH64). Waypoints and tracks were used to document the site assessment and to record locations for significant features. Field notes coupled with representative photo-documentation were employed to further document existing conditions within the property.

Observations from Fieldwork Description of Land Use and Land Cover The interior tract is retained as its own parcel and contains the Theus home. The larger tract is contains largely natural habitat with the exception of a constructed pond and forebay and managed areas within proximity to the pond and home that contain access roadways and utilities. Natural forests of varying type cover the areas outside of the homesite and pond. The Theusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; have utilized existing interior roads and created connecting trails to form a diverse network of pathways that traverse the wooded portions of the property. The tract lies within the USEPA Level III Blue Ridge Ecoregion (66), and at finer scales, the Level IV Southern Crystalline Ridges and Mountains (66d) Ecoregion, which was formed on igneous and high-grade metamorphic crystalline rocks that underlie well-drained, loamy soils. Soil types on the Property are described below in Table 1 and depicted in Figure 4, Soils Map (Appendix). Table 1: Soils of the Theus Property Map Unit Symbol CnC CnD CpF CuD CuE EdD PwE

Map unit Name Chestnut-Edneyville complex, windswept, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony Chestnut-Edneyville complex, windswept, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony Cleveland-Chestnut-Rock outcrop complex, windswept, 50 to 95 percent slopes Cullasaja-Tuckasegee complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony Cullasaja-Tuckasegee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony Edneyville-Chestnut complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony Plott fine sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony

Farmland Classification Not prime farmland Not prime farmland Not prime farmland Not prime farmland Not prime farmland Farmland of local importance Not prime farmland

Bedrock and boulders at the surface indicate shallow soil depth. A broad, east-west trending ridgeline bisects the Property, creating primarily northerly but also southerly aspects. Elevations on the Property range from approximately 3,920feet along the northern boundary to approximately 4,280 feet at the ridge crest along the southeastern boundary. The ridge extends southeastward beyond the Property and eventually meets the base of Whiteside Mountain, a prominent local landform containing a diverse array of habitats and rare plants and animals. The Property is within the Headwaters of the Chattooga River Watershed (12-digit HUC # 030601020204) and contains approximately 1,400 linear feet of unnamed tributaries to the Chattooga River. There is also a small fishing pond in the southwestern interior of the Property. Based on a rapid visual assessment of benthic macroinvertebrates, it appears that water quality is excellent in the tributary streams. Furthermore, there are numerous bedrock cascades and moist, streamside grottoes that support a wide array of mosses and liverwort, some with unusual geographic distributions. Connectivity The eastern boundary of the Theus Property adjoins US Forest Service property that encompasses Whiteside Mountain and extends southward. The vast connectivity of all forested land in the general vicinity of the Property is profoundly important for plant and animal diversity, especially in the face of the existing developed land and the anticipated surge of development in the coming decade. This is due to many factors, some of which include: the accommodation of large ranges of some species, the importance of corridors between various natural communities and forest types, and the viability of entire ecosystems. The following tables list the natural and managed areas within close proximity to the Property:

Table 2: Natural Areas within2.5 Miles of the Theus Property In North Carolina, natural communities are classified according to the N.C. Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) Quality and NatureServe. Community classification characterizes Natural Area Ownership Rating natural communities by describing vegetation composition, topography, hydrology, Grassy Camp Creek Flats PRV soil characteristics General and other abiotic factors. This categorization is SAV/Chattooga RiverinAquatic Habitat PWmanagement,Very intended to aid the prioritization, andHigh protection of natural areas critical to the maintenance of Cole Mountain/Shortoff Mountain PRV, USFS High rare species in particular and state biodiversity in general. These communities are included in the North Carolina Hurricane Lake Wetland PRV General Wildlife Action Plan forest types (North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. 2015. North Carolina Wildlife Whiteside Mountain/Devils Courthouse USFS Exceptional Action Plan. Raleigh, NC), which aims to conserve and enhance habitats and the communities they support. Four Henry Wright/Kelsey Hemlock Forests HCLT, USFS Exceptional primary natural forest communities were observed on the Property and include: Chattooga River Gorge/Ellicott Rock USFS Exceptional Ravenels Remnants PRV Exceptional  Woods Acidic Cove Forest (High Elevation Subtype) HorseCoveMontane Wetland Oak-Hickory Forest PRV (Acidic Subtype) High Timber Ridge HCLT, PRV, USFS Moderate  High Elevation Red Oak Forest (Herb Subtype) Blackrock Mountain/Granite City PRV, USFS Exceptional  High Elevation Red Oak Forest (Heath Subtype) Table 3: Managed Areas within2.5 Miles of the Theus Property Community classifications follow NCNHP’s GuideOwnership to the Natural Communities of North Carolina – Fourth Managed Area Approximation (Schafale 2012). See Section G-5, “Land Cover Map” for the locations and extent of the different Nantahala National Forest - Nantahala Ranger District US Forest Service natural communities. However, it is important toThe note that the boundaries of natural communities are not Nature Conservancy Easement Nature Conservancy Carolina Mountain Land Conservancy Easement Carolina Mountain Land Conservancy distinct lines as symbolized on the “Natural Communities Map”. Rather, the change from one community to Highlands-Cashiers Land Trust Easement Highlands-Cashiers Land Trust another is gradual and the boundaries are approximations. Chattooga River Gorge/Ellicott Rock Registered Heritage Area US Forest Service Highlands-Cashiers Land Trust Preserve Highlands-Cashiers Land Trust The natural community descriptions include community type, the environmental setting, and Kelsyfollowing Registered Heritage Area US Forestthe Service Whiteside Mountain vegetation Registered Heritage Areacommunity type USboth Forestin Service representative of the North Carolina and on the Property. Taxonomic Chattooga Nationalfor Wildplant and Scenic River follows Weakley US Forest Service nomenclature species (2015). NC Division of Mitigation Services Easement NC DEQ, Division of Mitigation Services Henry M. Wright Preserve Dedicated Nature Preserve Highlands-Cashiers Land Trust Sanson Wildlife Sanctuary Humane Society Wildlife Land Trust

Proximity to these natural and managed areas coupled with the relatively undisturbed state of the Property’s forests allows for uninterrupted species migration, refuge, and reproduction. Description of Flora Several forest community types of varying intactness and importance occur on the Property. Strong quartzite geology, high elevation, and varying moisture gradients across the tract drive the type and diversity of these forests. Overall they can be described as mesic or sub-mesic, with small patches of xeric uplands. Although the Property’s forests have been logged in the past, it would appear that some of the more mature canopy trees are reaching 100+ years, especially in steep or wet, rocky areas. Forests become drier as they approach the upper elevations on the property, and more mesic when nearing drainages and across lower cove slopes. It is important to note the ubiquitous die-off the majority of the mature Eastern hemlocks on the Property due primarily to hemlock woolly adelgid. Although the forests have lost a keystone species, the remnants of the trees serve as excellent habitat – snags provide homes for small mammals and birds, while fallen logs offer shelter for insects and herpetiles, and forage for larger mammals. Description of Natural Communities State Natural Heritage Programs and NatureServe (a network of natural heritage programs and conservation data centers), which provide scientific data on species for conservation action, have developed a consistent method for evaluating the relative imperilment of plant and animal species as well as ecological communities. These assessments lead to the designation of a conservation status rank. For plant and animal species, these ranks provide an estimate of extinction risk. Conservation status ranks, both state (S) and global (G), are based on a 1 to 5 scale, ranging from critically imperiled (S1/G1) to demonstrably secure (S5/G5). These status assessments are based on a variety of factors such as abundance, distribution, population trends, and threats. Conservation rank and status codes are defined in Appendix C.

Acidic Cove Forest (High Elevation Subtype) [S2/G3] This community can be found occupying the mesic coves and drainages on the northern extent of the Property. The forest is quite mature, with canopy trees averaging 14-19â&#x20AC;? dbh and some larger individuals around 26â&#x20AC;?. Tulip poplar, northern red oak, yellow and black, Fraser magnolia dominate the canopy; Eastern hemlock was formerly a very important component, but most have died from hemlock woolly adelgid. Great laurel is the strongest component of the shrub layer, with sweet pepperbush and silverleaf hydrangea also occurring. The herb layer is relative sparse, containing downy rattlesnake plantain, Christmas fern, and partridgeberry. The coves are bouldery and have a fair amount of exposed bedrock ledges along the stream channels, at points forming small waterfall cascades.

High Elevation Red Oak Forest (Herb Subtype) [S3/G3] This community type occurs on the uppermost slopes and ridges within the eastern and southern extent of the Property. The canopy is strongly dominated by Northern red oak, Fraser magnolia, and chestnut oak. White oak is a lesser component, along with tulip poplar, eastern red maple, black locust, and mockernut hickory. Important shrubs include flame azalea, buffalo-nut, mountain holly, witch hazel, striped maple, and small occurrences of alternate-leaved dogwood. Bunchflower, oak sedge, false hellebore, New York fern and Christmas fern occupy the forest floor in these areas, but the herbaceous layer had not yet emerged at the time of our site visit; typically it would contain other plants such as false Solomonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s seal, wild yam, sarsaparilla, white snakeroot, bluebead lily, and an array of deciduous ferns.

High Elevation Red Oak Forest (Heath Subtype) [S3/G3] This subtype is present at the highest elevations and the driest moisture gradients found on the Property. It resembles acidic montane oak-hickory, but differs primarily in its increased elevation and the strong dominance by northern red oak and chestnut oak, as well as the presence of xerophyllic shrubs such as mountain laurel, bear huckleberry, lowbush blueberry, and galax. Americna chestnut was once an important component of this ecosystem, but now exists mainly as understory stump sprouts. Other important components include mountain fetterbush, serviceberry, sweet pepperbush, and fly-poison. Although it was not the appropriate time to survey for the species, it is likely that pinkshell azalea, a rare southern Appalachian endemic, occurs within this forest type; numerous vegetative â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;tree azaleasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; were observed but could not be effectively identified without leaves or flowers.

Montane Oak-Hickory Forest (Acidic Subtype) [S4/G4] This forest type flanks the upper slopes of the mesic coves and extends onto drier ridges and flats. The canopy contains a mixture of northern red, white oak, chestnut oak, Fraser magnolia, and scarlet oak, with additional important components of mockernut hickory. Subcanopy components include eastern white pine saplings, sassafras, and sourwood. Of note in the understory are scattered occurrences of American saplings, which is an increasingly infrequent observation as the species is generally decimated by the pathogenic Chestnut blight fungus before it reaches maturity. The shrub layer contains, but is not dominated by, mountain laurel and great laurel, with other important species including flame azalea, mountain holly, horse sugar bear huckleberry, and sweet pepperbush. The herbaceous layer is sparse due to overwhelming acidity, but includes species such as rattlesnake plantain, Christmas fern, eastern Bracken fern, bunchflower, and pink ladyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s slippers, and there are areas where galax forms an extensive carpet along the forest floor.

Description of Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat The site visit conducted on March 18, 2020 yielded evidence or visual confirmation of deer (tracks), raccoon (tracks/scat), redback salamander, dusky salamander, and spotted salamander (egg masses). Habitat, both on site and directly adjacent, exists for a number of species including; 0 and 1st order streams, seeps, rocky outcroppings, mature forest, large snags, and interspersed dense thickets. Numerous small streams were noted during the field visit. These perennial streams provide habitat for a variety of invertebrates, salamanders, and possibly brook trout, although significant barriers to trout do exist on site. Seeps associated with these stream courses provide niche habitats for various plant species and provide additional habitats for salamanders and invertebrates alike. Rocky outcroppings/escarpments, found in and directly adjacent to the property, likely harbor green salamander a locally rare arboreal species. In addition, these same areas of outcropping likely provide summer roosting habitats for small-footed bat and nesting locations for, peregrine falcon, Alleghany woodrat as well as other small mammals. The property contains mature oak forest with pockets of blueberries in the understory while canopy openings provide areas where blackberry are prevalent. Both plants provide excellent forage for wildlife. Considering that the property abuts USDA Forest Service land and is itself largely wooded, the property provides habitat connectivity within private lands. Numerous standing hemlock snags of DBH exceeding 30 inches were observed on site. These trees likely provide high quality summer roosting habitat for numerous bat species, some of which have become significantly rarer post-white nose syndrome. Likely species; little brown bat, big Brown bat, hoary bat, and tricolor bat. Northern and eastern aspects of the property contain areas of rhododendron slick and provide areas of â&#x20AC;&#x153;thicketâ&#x20AC;? typically associated with Appalachian cottontail and ruffed grouse. Table 3: Incidental Wildlife Species Documented for the Property Scientific Name

Common Name Mammal

Odocoileus virginianus

White-Tail Deer

Procyon lotor

Raccoon Amphibian

Ambystoma maculatum

Spotted Salamander

Desmognathus sp.

Dusky Salamander

Plethodon serratus

Eastern Redback Salamander

MAPS OF THE PROPERTY • Figure 1: General Location Map • Figure 2: Aerial Photograph • Figure 3: USGS Topographic Map • Figure 4: Soils Map • Figure 5: Natural Resources Map ATTACHEMENTS A. B. C. D.

List of Incidental Plant Species Documented for the Property Potentially-Occurring Rare Species Plant/Animal Status and Rank References

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NCFMP, NCDOT, NCCGIA

Figure 5: Natural Features Map of the Theus Property 3700

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100' Contour

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Montane Oak-Hickory Forest (Acidic Subtype) Successional Oak-Hickory Forest

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High Elevation Red Oak Forest (Herb Subtype)

NCFMP, NCDOT, NCCGIA

A. List of Incidental Plant Species Documented for the Property Habit Fern Fern Fern Fern Fern Fern Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub

Scientific Name Asplenium montanum Dennstaedtia punctilobula Polypodium appalachianum Polystichum acrostichoides Pteridium aquilinum Thelypteris noveboracensis Arundinaria appalachiana Carex pennsylvanica Carex virescens Danthonia sericea Danthonia spicata Dichanthelium clandestinum Dichanthelium commutatum Juncus effusus Juncus gymnocarpus Luzula sp. Scirpus cyperinus Chimaphila maculata Clintonia umbellulata Conopholis americana Cypripedium acaule Diaphasiastrum digitatum Epigaea repens Erigeron pulchellus Eurybia divaricata Galax urceolata Goodyera pubescens Houstonia serpyllifolia Impatiens capensis Iris cristata Lysimachia quadrifolia Maianthemum racemosum Micranthes micranthidifolia Mitchella repens Packera aurea Potentilla erecta Ranunculus recurvatus Sanicula marilandica Thalictrum clavatum Viola hastata Viola sororia Alnus serrulata Calycanthus floridus Clethra acuminata

Common Name Mountain spleenwort Hayscented fern Appalachian polypody Christmas fern Bracken fern New York fern Hillcane Pennsylvania sedge Ribbed sedge Downy oatgrass Twisted oatgrass Deertongue Variable rosette-grass Soft rush Naked-seeded rush A woodreed Woolgrass Striped wintergreen Speckled wood lily Squawroot Pink ladyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s slipper Fan clubmoss Trailing arbutus Robin plantain White wood aster Beetleweed Downy rattlesnake plantain Thymeleaf bluet Orange jewelweed Dwarf crested iris Whorled loosestrife Solomonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plume Branch lettuce Partridgeberry Golden ragwort shrubby cinquefoil Hooked crowfoot Maryland sanicle Seepage rue Halberd-leaved violet Common blue violet Tag alder Eastern sweetshrub Sweet pepperbush

Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Vine Vine Vine

Cornus alternifolia Gaylussacia ursina Hamamelis virginiana Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea radiata Ilex montana Ilex opaca Kalmia latifolia Leucothoe fontanesiana Lindera benzoin Pyrularia pubera Rhododendron calendulaceum Rhododendron carolinianum Rhododendron maximum Rubus argutus Vaccinium spp. Acer rubrum var. rubrum Amelanchier arborea Betula alleghaniensis Betula lenta Carya alba Cornus florida Fagus grandifolia Halesia tetraptera Ilex opaca Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia acuminata Magnolia fraseri Nyssa sylvatica Oxydendrum arboreum Pinus rigida Pinus strobus Pinus virginiana Quercus alba Quercus coccinea Quercus montana Quercus rubra var. rubra Quercus velutina Robinia pseudoacacia Sassafrass albidum Tsuga canadensis Smilax herbacea Toxicodendron radicans Vitis aestivalis

Alternate-leaved dogwood Bear huckleberry Witch hazel Wild hydrangea Silverleaf hydrangea Mountain holly American holly Mountain laurel Highland doghobble Northern spicebush Buffalonut Flame azalea Gorge rhododendron Great laurel Sawtooth blackberry Blueberries Eastern red maple Serviceberry Yellow birch Black birch Mockernut hickory Flowering dogwood American beech Silverbell American holly Tulip poplar Cucumbertree Fraser magnolia Blackgum Sourwood Pitch pine Eastern white pine Virginia pine White oak Scarlet oak Chestnut oak Northern red oak Black oak Black locust Sassafrass Eastern hemlock Common greenbrier Poison ivy Summer grape

Potentially-Occurring Rare Species

Scientific Name Aneides aeneus Aegolius acadicus Falco peregrinus anatum Loxia curvirostra Cambarus reburrus Calopteryx amata Somatochlora elongata Somatochlora elongata Stylurus scudderi Notropis lutipinnis Perimyotis subflavus Crotalus horridus Bombus affinis Gymnoderma lineare Cololejeunea ornata Metzgeria temperata Brachymenium andersonii Bryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens Bryoxiphium norvegicum Campylopus atrovirens var. atrovirens Ditrichum rhynchostegium Entodon sullivantii Macrocoma sullivantii Macrocoma sullivantii Philonotis cernua Schlotheimia lancifolia Sphagnum capillifolium Sphagnum pylaesii Sphagnum tenellum Splachnum pennsylvanicum Brachyelytrum aristosum Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata Danthonia epilis Dendrolycopodium dendroideum Dendrolycopodium hickeyi Gentianopsis crinita Glyceria laxa Hackelia virginiana Hymenophyllum tayloriae Liatris aspera Lysimachia fraseri Packera millefolium Phlox subulata Pycnanthemum torreyi Rhododendron vaseyi Robinia hartwigii Robinia hispida var. fertilis Robinia viscosa Sarracenia purpurea var. montana Solidago rigida var. rigida Solidago simulans Sparganium emersum Trichophorum cespitosum

Common name Amphibian Green Salamander Bird Northern Saw-whet Owl American Peregrine Falcon Red Crossbill Crustacean French Broad River Crayfish Dragonfly or Damselfly Superb Jewelwing Ski-tipped Emerald Ski-tipped Emerald Zebra Clubtail Freshwater Fish Yellowfin Shiner Mammal Tricolored Bat Reptile Timber Rattlesnake Sawfly, Wasp, Bee, or Ant Rusty-patched Bumble Bee Lichen Rock Gnome Lichen Liverwort A Liverwort A Liverwort Moss Anderson's Melon-moss Rust Foot Moss Sword Moss Black Fish Hook Moss Ditrichum Moss Sullivant's Entodon Sullivant's Maned-moss Sullivant's Maned-moss Dwarf Apple Moss Highlands Moss Northern Peatmoss Simple Peatmoss Delicate Peatmoss Southern Dung Moss Vascular Plant Northern Shorthusk Spotted Coralroot Bog Oatgrass Prickly Ground-pine Pennsylvania Ground-pine Fringed Gentian Lax Mannagrass Virginia Stickseed Gorge Filmy Fern Rough Blazing-star Fraser's Loosestrife Divided-leaf Ragwort Moss Pink Torrey's Mountain-mint Pink-shell Azalea Hartwig's Locust Fruitful Locust Clammy Locust Southern Appalachian Purple Pitcherplant Prairie Bold Goldenrod Granite Dome Goldenrod Greenfruit Bur-reed Deerhair Bulrush

State Federal State Status Status Rank

Global Rank

T E SC

S2B,S2N G5 S1B,S2N T4 S2 G5

SR SR SR SR

S1 S2 S2 S2

G5 G5 G5 G5

SR-T SR-D

SH S1

G3 G4

SR-L SR-D SR-O SR-D SR-T SR-O SR-D SR-D SR-D SR-O SR-P SR-D SR-D SR-O

SH S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 S2 S2 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 SH

GH G3 G5 TNR G4 G3 T4 T4 G4 G2 G5 G4 G5 G4

SR-P SR-P SR-T SR-P SR-P T SR-P SR-P SR-O T E T SR-P SR-T SR-L SR-L SR-O SR-T SR-L T SR-L T SR-D

S3 S1 S3 S2 S2 S1 S2 S2 S1 S1 S3 S2 S1 S1 S3 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 S1 S2

G5 T5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G2 G4 G3 G3 G5 G2 G3 T2 T1 G3 T1 T5 G2 G5 G5

State Federal State Status Status Rank

Global Rank

T E SC

S2B,S2N G5 S1B,S2N T4 S2 G5

SR SR SR SR

S1 S2 S2 S2

G5 G5 G5 G5

SR-T SR-D

SH S1

G3 G4

SR-L SR-D SR-O SR-D SR-T SR-O SR-D SR-D SR-D SR-O SR-P SR-D SR-D SR-O

SH S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 S2 S2 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 SH

GH G3 G5 TNR G4 G3 T4 T4 G4 G2 G5 G4 G5 G4

SR-P SR-P SR-T SR-P SR-P T SR-P SR-P SR-O T E T SR-P SR-T SR-L SR-L SR-O SR-T SR-L T SR-L T SR-D

S3 S1 S3 S2 S2 S1 S2 S2 S1 S1 S3 S2 S1 S1 S3 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 S1 S2

G5 T5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G2 G4 G3 G3 G5 G2 G3 T2 T1 G3 T1 T5 G2 G5 G5

Plant, Animal Status & Rank

The following codes are explained below and have been taken directly from the NC Natural Heritage Programâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 2016 List of Rare Plants and List of Rare Animals (http://www.ncnhp.org/references/publications). Explanation of Codes State Protection Status Definitions of the state protection statuses of plants and animals differ. Below are summaries of the statuses for each group. Animal statuses are determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Natural Heritage Program. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, and freshwater and terrestrial mollusks have legal protection status in North Carolina (Wildlife Resources Commission). The Significantly Rare designation indicates rarity and the need for population monitoring and conservation action. CODE

STATUS

DEFINITION

Endangered

Any native or once-native species of wild animal whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's fauna is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to be in jeopardy or any species of wild animal determined to be an 'endangered species' pursuant to the Endangered Species Act. (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987).

Threatened

Any native or once-native species of wild animal which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range, or one that is designated as a threatened species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act. (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987).

Special Concern

Any species of wild animal native or once-native to North Carolina which is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to require monitoring but which may be taken under regulations adopted under the provisions of this Article. (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987).

Significantly Rare

Any species which has not been listed by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission as an Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern species, but which exists in the State in small numbers and has been determined by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program to need monitoring. (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation.) Significantly Rare species include peripheral species, whereby North Carolina lies at the periphery of the species' range (such as Hermit Thrush). The designation also includes marine and estuarine fishes identified as "Vulnerable" by the N.C. State Museum of Biological Sciences (Ross et al., 1988, Endangered, Threatened, and Rare Fauna of North Carolina. Part II. A Reevaluation of the Marine and Estuarine Fishes).

Plant statuses are determined by the Plant Conservation Program (NC Department of Agriculture) and the Natural Heritage Program (NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources). Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species are protected by State law (Plant Protection and Conservation Act, 1979). Significantly Rare designations indicate rarity and the need for population monitoring and conservation action. CODE

STATUS

DEFINITION

Endangered

Any species or higher taxon of plant whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's flora is determined to be in jeopardy" (GS 19B 106: 202.12). Endangered species may not be removed from the wild except when a permit is obtained for research, propagation, or rescue which will enhance the survival of the species.

Threatened

Any resident species of plant which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (GS 19B 106:202.12). Regulations are the same as for Endangered species.

Special Concern

SC-V

Special Concern Vulnerable

Any species of plant in North Carolina which requires monitoring but which may be collected and sold under regulations adopted under the provisions of [the Plant Protection and Conservation Act]" (GS 19B 106:202.12). Any species or higher taxon of plant which is likely to become a threatened species within the foreseeable future (02 NCAC 48F .0401).

SC-H

Special Concern Historical

Any species or higher taxon of plant that occurred in North Carolina at one time, but for which all known populations are currently considered to be either historical or extirpated (02 NCAC 48F .0401).

Significantly Rare

SR-L

Limited

Species which are rare in North Carolina, generally with 1-100 populations in the state, frequently substantially reduced in numbers by habitat destruction (and sometimes also by direct exploitation or disease). The range of the species is limited to North Carolina and adjacent states (endemic or near endemic). These are species which may have 20-50 populations in North Carolina, but fewer than 100 populations rangewide. The preponderance of their distribution is in North Carolina and their fate depends largely on conservation here.

SR-T SR-D

Throughout Disjunct

SR-P

Peripheral

SR-O

Other

The species is rare throughout its range (fewer than 100 populations total). The species is disjunct to NC from a main range in a different part of the country or world. The species is at the periphery of its range in North Carolina. These species are generally more common somewhere else in their ranges, occurring in North Carolina peripherally to their main ranges, mostly in habitats which are unusual in North Carolina. The range of the species is sporadic or cannot be described by the other Significantly Rare categories.

Federal Protection Status These statuses are designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S. FWS) and the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (U.S. ESA). Plants and plant varieties, (including fungi and lichens), animal species and subspecies, and vertebrate populations are considered for Endangered or Threatened status according to the criteria established under the U.S. ESA. Proposals and determinations to add taxa or populations to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants are published in the Federal Register. Additionally, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service periodically publish a Notice of Review or Notice of Reclassification in the Federal Register that present an updated list of plant and animal taxa which are regarded as candidates or proposed for possible addition to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Consult the Asheville or Raleigh Ecological Services Field Offices for more information. CODE

STATUS

DEFINITION

Endangered

A taxon “which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range” (Endangered Species Act, Section 3).

Threatened

A taxon “which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range” (Endangered Species Act, Section 3).

T(S/A)

Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance

“Section 4 (e) of the [Endangered Species] Act authorizes the treatment of a species (subspecies or population segment) as endangered or threatened even though it is not otherwise listed as endangered or threatened if -- (a) the species so closely resembles in appearance an endangered or threatened species that enforcement personnel would have substantial difficulty in differentiating between the listed and unlisted species; (b) the effect of this substantial difficulty is an additional threat to an endangered or threatened species; and (c) such treatment of an unlisted species will substantially facilitate the enforcement and further the policy of the Act.” (Federal Register, November 4, 1997). [The American Alligator is listed as T (S/A) due to Similarity of Appearance with other rare crocodilians, and the southern population of the Bog Turtle is listed as T(S/A) due to Similarity of Appearance with the northern population of the Bog Turtle (which is federally listed as Threatened and which does not occur in North Carolina).]

Candidate

"Taxa for which the [Fish and Wildlife] Service has on file enough substantial information on biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened. Proposed rules have not yet been issued because this action is precluded at present by other listing activity. Development and publication of proposed rules on these taxa are anticipated. The Service encourages State and other Federal agencies as well as other affected parties to give consideration to these taxa in environmental planning.” (Federal Register, February 28, 1996). Taxa formerly considered as ‘Category 1' are now considered as ‘Candidate’.

FSC

Federal Species of Concern (also known as "Species at Risk")

Formerly defined as a taxon under consideration for which there is insufficient information to support listing. “... the [Fish and Wildlife] Service is discontinuing the designation of Category 2 species as candidates in this [Federal Register] notice. The Service remains concerned about these species but further biological research and field study are needed to resolve the conservation status of these taxa. Many species of concern will be found not to warrant listing, either because they are not threatened or endangered or because they do not qualify as species under the definition in the [Endangered Species] Act. Others may be found to be in greater danger of extinction than some present candidate taxa. The Service is working with the States and other private and public interests to assess their need for protection under the Act. Such species are the pool from which future candidates for listing will be drawn.” (Federal Register, February 28, 1996).

E, XN

Endangered, nonessential experimental population.

The Endangered Species Act permits the reintroduction of endangered animals as "nonessential experimental" populations. Such populations, considered nonessential to the survival of the species, are managed with fewer restrictions than populations listed as endangered. “Section 10 (j) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, provides for the designation of introduced populations of federally listed species as nonessential experimental. This designation allows for greater flexibility in the management of these populations by local, state, and Federal agencies. Specifically, the requirement for Federal agencies to avoid jeopardizing these populations by their actions is eliminated and allowances for taking the species are broadened.” (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1995).

North Carolina Conservation Status Rank Natural Heritage Programs, Conservation Data Centers (CDCs), NatureServe, and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) have developed a consistent method for evaluating the relative imperilment of both species and ecological communities. These assessments lead to the designation of a conservation status rank. For plant and animal species these ranks provide an estimate of extinction risk. Conservation rank values have been assigned over the past 30 years by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program, NatureServe, and a large number of collaborators in government agencies, universities, natural history museums and botanical gardens, and other conservation organizations. The information has been developed primarily to help in guiding conservation and informing environmental planning and management. Conservation status ranks are based on a one to five scale, ranging from critically imperiled (S1) to demonstrably secure (S5). These status assessments are based on the best available information, considering a variety of factors such as abundance, distribution, population trends, and threats. CODE

RANK

DEFINITION

Critically imperiled

Imperiled

Vulnerable

Critically imperiled in North Carolina due to extreme rarity or some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation (local extinction) from the State. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000). Imperiled in North Carolina due to rarity or some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the State. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000). Vulnerable to extinction in North Carolina either because rare or uncommon, or found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or due to other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals.

Apparently Secure

Apparently secure and widespread in North Carolina, usually with more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.

Secure

S#S#

Range Rank

Common, widespread, and abundant in North Carolina. Essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. A numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is used to indicate uncertainty about the exact status of the element.

Historical

Occurred in North Carolina historically, with some expectation that it may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been verified in the past 20 years. Upon verification of an extant occurrence, SH-ranked elements would typically receive an S1 rank.

SX SU

Presumed Extirpated Unrankable

Believed to be extirpated in North Carolina and has not been located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat. Currently unrankable in North Carolina due to lack of information or substantially conflicting information about status or trends. Need more information.

S_B

Breeding

Rank of breeding population in North Carolina. Used for migratory species only.

S_N

Nonbreeding

Rank of non-breeding population in North Carolina. Used for migratory species only.

Uncertain

Indicates an inexact or uncertain numeric rank. Used as qualifier of above ranks.

Global Conservation Status Rank Similar to the North Carolina conservation status ranks, global conservation status ranks are assigned by a consensus of scientific experts, Natural Heritage Programs, CDCs, NatureServe, and TNC. They apply to the status of a species throughout its range. This system is widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the best available scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity throughout its range. CODE

RANK

DEFINITION

Critically imperiled

Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically five or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000), acres (><2,000), or linear miles (><10).

Imperiled

Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000), acres (2,000 to 10,000), or linear miles (10 to 50).

Vulnerable

Vulnerable globally either because very rare throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals.

Apparently Secure

Uncommon but not rare (although it may be rare in parts of its range, particularly on the periphery) and usually widespread. Apparently not vulnerable in most of its range, but possibly cause for long-term concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.

Secure

Common, widespread, and abundant (although it may be rare in parts of its range, particularly on the periphery). Not vulnerable in most of its range. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.

G#G#

Range Rank

A rank involving two numbers indicates uncertainty of rank. For example, a G2G3 rank indicates that the species may be a G2 or a G3, but that existing data do not allow that determination to be made.

Historical

Known from only historical occurrences, but with some expectation that it may be rediscovered. May still be extant; further searching is needed.

Presumed Extinct

Believed to be extinct throughout its range with virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered. Not located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat.

Uncertain

Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends; need more information.

GNR

Not Ranked

Global rank not yet assessed.

GNA

Not Applicable

A conservation status rank is not applicable because the Element is not a suitable target of conservation activities. A rank is not assigned either because it is (1) an interspecific hybrid without conservation value; or (2) the element is a product of domestication or cultivation.

Intraspecific Taxon

The rank of a subspecies or variety. As an example, G4T1 would apply to a subspecies of a species with an overall rank of G4, but the subspecies warranting a rank of G1.

Inexact or Uncertain

Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank. Used as qualifier of above ranks.

Questionable taxonomy

Questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority. Distinctiveness of this entity as a taxon at the current level is questionable. Resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a subspecies or inclusion of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting species having a lower-priority conservation status rank. Used as qualifier of above ranks.

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Conservation Easement 20.09 acres

Trail Easement/ Right-of-Way Road Road Right-of-Way Proposed Lot Lines Proposed Home Sites (2000 sf home footprint shown) 50' Stream Buffer

1.29 ac

Conservation Easement Area Logging Road / Trail

4-foot Contours (LIDAR)

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2.10 ac

Stream (LIDAR or field located)

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1.56 ac DATE

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DRAWING SCALE

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DRAWING NAME

4' Contours (LIDAR) shown

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All lots between 1.25-1.5 acre with suitable homesites that maximize solar gain and views.

Balances Conservation & Development - keeps the 5 lots in small clusters, with contiguous conservation or common areas throughout.

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PIN NUMBER: TOTAL ACREAGE: TOTAL LOTS:

1.45 ac

LOT, BUILDING, AND ROAD LAYOUT REQUIREMENTS: MINIMUM LOT SIZE:

1.49 ac 19.09 ac Potential Conservation Easement

ROAD:

No minimum 20 feet wide (Minor Road) 10 Feet Wide (Shared Drive)

7561-12-3007 27.01 Acres 5

1.29 ac

Ńš Trail Easement/ Right-of-Way Road Road Right-of-Way

1.50 ac

Proposed Lot Lines

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Stream (LIDAR or field located) 4-foot Contours (LIDAR)

PHASE

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DRAWING SCALE

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DRAWING NAME

Proposed Home Sites (2000 sf home footprint shown)

NOTE: LAYOUT IS CONCEPTUAL ONLY. A SUBMITTED SUBDIVISION PLAN SHOULD BE REVISED BASED ON A SURVEY. SEPTIC SUITABILITY SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY A SOIL SCIENTIST.

4' Contours (LIDAR) shown

Scale

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1.46 ac

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1.99 ac

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1.51 ac

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1.27 ac

Proposed Lot Lines

2.05 ac 1.58 ac

50' Stream Buffer

Common Area

Proposed Home Sites (2000 sf home footprint shown)

Possible Conservation Easement Area or Common Area Logging Road / Trail Stream (LIDAR or field located) 4-foot Contours (LIDAR)

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DRAWING SCALE

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DRAWING NAME

NOTE: LAYOUT IS CONCEPTUAL ONLY. A SUBMITTED SUBDIVISION PLAN SHOULD BE REVISED BASED ON A SURVEY. SEPTIC SUITABILITY SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY A SOIL SCIENTIST.

4' Contours (LIDAR) shown

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Provides three larger lots (2.4 acres or greater) that are surrounded by community green space. All lots contain multiple suitable homesites that maximize views and access to the community green space. Maintains trail access to national forest as well as keeping the pond as a community space.

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PIN NUMBER: TOTAL ACREAGE: TOTAL LOTS:

7561-12-3007 27.01 Acres 3

LOT, BUILDING, AND ROAD LAYOUT REQUIREMENTS:

16.93 ac Potential Conservation Easement or Common Green Space

2.43 ac

ROAD:

20 feet wide (Minor Road) 10 Feet Wide (Shared Drive)

Ńš Trail Easement/ Right-of-Way Road Road Right-of-Way Proposed Lot Lines Proposed Home Sites (2000 sf home footprint shown)

Possible Conservation Easement Area or Common Area

Logging Road / Trail

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Stream (LIDAR or field located) 4-foot Contours (LIDAR)

PHASE

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Alternate Home Site location (2000 sf home footprint shown)

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DRAWING SCALE

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DRAWING NAME

50' Stream Buffer

2.45 ac

NOTE: LAYOUT IS CONCEPTUAL ONLY. A SUBMITTED SUBDIVISION PLAN SHOULD BE REVISED BASED ON A SURVEY. SEPTIC SUITABILITY SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY A SOIL SCIENTIST.

4' Contours (LIDAR) shown

Scale

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No minimum

MINIMUM LOT SIZE:

2.95 ac