.MMCX
.MMCX PROLOGUE
fables of fish
Fables of fish, both fought and caught, have captured the lives of fishermen for a millennia. As a “healthy-wealth�, fishing provides regular provisions, steady jobs, joyful past times, and ecological balance. Although Norway relied heavily on the economy of fish, both domestically and internationally, the trade allowed for sustainable growth. In particular, the Stavanger region focused on herring and lobster allowing it to grow into a prominent harbor. Since then, the lucrative trade of Norway has changed to a new resource, but old fables and historic accounts have passed from generation to generation capturing the spirit of fishing, ensuring its existence today.
the dark drip
RESOURCES
The dark drip has been a gift for nearly half a century. Norway has taken advantage of its natural resource and become one of the richest countries in the world. Although fi nite, oil executives continue to hold on, referencing new oil deposits and more efficient extraction processes. However, oil spills and air pollution have greatly reduced the quality of living for many species resulting in an ecological revolution and search for new energies. Companies can no longer preach the life support of a dripping darkness. Norwegians have prospered and lived well off the black gold, however, as it drips intravenously into their system, oil will become a scarce source of nourishment.
PROLOGUE
.MMCX
the tale of the painted city PAINTED CITY
The painted city is an example of one possibility, in one time, in one world, that explores the effects of design within Tananger. Introduced in this book, the painted city is an adaptable place continuously evolving at every scale. Th e result is a city that develops meaningfulness through time.
` INDEX
.MMCX
The Ingredients .SITUATION ........................................................................................................... 2 .THEORY ............................................................................................................. 26 .KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY .................................................................................... 40 .PATTERNS ......................................................................................................... 52 .DISTRICTS ......................................................................................................... 84 .JOURNEY ......................................................................................................... 208 .REALIZATION ................................................................................................... 218
THE STEW
.MMCX
4
SITUATION
.MMCX
.MMCX
ARGUMENT
{
Arguing for intelligent future development in the Stavanger Region.
5
.MMCX
Geography and History
SITUATION
Map of Europe
6
A Brief in Norwegian History Five Major Waves of Growth spanning 1800 to the Present 1820-1870 Herring fishing made the region one of the wealthiest in Norway. Th
e population tripled in this time period
1870-1890 A period of stagnation due to being behind in the industrial revolution 1900-1920 A period of economic boom focused around the canning industry, shipping industry, and fishing industry. Another large population boom in this time period 1920-1970 A period of stagnation due to the collapse of the market 1970-Present Oil was discovered in the North Sea made the region on one of the most prosperous in the world.
Large population boost that is still being seen today with growth rates far higher than the national average
BACKGROUND
Known as the oil capital of Norway
“The Economic History of Norway. ” Economic History Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 June 2013
7
.MMCX SITUATION 8
Global
Excluding Oil and Natural Gas
Oil and Gas Market
Providing for EU and USA
The main exports excluding petroleum products are machinery, metals, chemicals, and fish.
The oil and gas sector makes up about 25% of the Norwegian GDP and spans 32% of Norwegian Exports.
Norway’s biggest imports are Road vehicles, manufactured goods, petroleum products, electrical machinery, and metal ores.
(m) 0
Stavanger Randaberg Sandnes Sola Klepp Time Rennesøy
2,770.1 2,341.2 2,329.6 1,721.8 174 98 67
Gjesdal
19
4000
8000
12000
(m) 0
Eiganes/Våland Hillevåg Storhaug Hundvåg Tananger Madla Hinna
3,145.4 2,316.4 2,209.4 2,008.6 1,701.1 1,473.5 1,410.6
Tasta
1,294.3
4000
8000
12000
Stavanger Peninsula District // 2012 Density
Rogaland county has a current population of 443,115 people. The majority of these people live on the Stavanger Peninsula. Stavanger is the most dense of all the municipalities in Rogaland. Sola is the fourth largest municipality. There is an opportunity for future density growth in Sola.
The density of Stavanger’s districts have been broken down and compared to Tananger’s density. Tananger is less dense than most of Stavanger’s districts. Th is again emphasizes the potential for future density growth in Tananger.
GLOBAL
Stavanger Peninsula Municipalities // 2012 Density
9
.MMCX
Regional Stavanger and Sandnes
Harbor Nodes
SITUATION
Harbor Nodes
10
The fortuitous presence of natural harbors in Norway, set up the settlements around the harbors. The settlements are able to use the harbor as a point of economic generation as all the goods of the region come through that specific area to be imported and exported.
Cultural Nodes
Cultural Nodes Most of the present cultural nodes are located on the east side of the region adjacent to the ocean. Cultural nodes are important to cultivate cross regional friction among the people who live there.
Connections
Connections All the cultural nodes and one of the two main harbors is located in the west. This doesn’t bode well for the Tanager harbor to the west, as there is poor East-West connections and a lack of cultural nodes on the west side.
E39 Secondary Roads
Agriculture
Transportation
Development
Agriculture
The developed areas have a direct relationship to the Highway E89. Th ere are minimal roads connecting the east and the west. Lack of strong connections isolates the pockets of developed areas separated by the Highway E89 potentially stunting their growth and development
The majority of Stavanger Peninsula’s developed land is along the North-South axis. The rest of the Peninsula and surrounding land is lacking development except for some isolated pockets of developed areas.
Agricultural land is the best buildable land. The Stavanger Peninsula has a substantial amount of agricultural land. As a result, the region has room to grow. Th e Stavanger Peninsula is responsible for thirty percent of Norway’s total food production. Intelligent growth becomes paramount to preserve the agricultural land.
REGIONAL
Developed Land
11
12
SITUATION
.MMCX
Stavanger: Oil Capital of Norway Oil has been one of the key industries in the Stavanger region since its discovery in the North Sea during the 1960’s. Prior to oil’s prevalence, the fishing and ship-building industries anchored Stavanger’s economy. The area is home to a significant number of global oil companies such as ExxonMobil, BP, Conoco-Philips, as well as Norway’s Statoil. Oil production and related activities make up 22.6% of Norway’s GDP (gross domestic product). This economic powerhouse has fueled economic and population growth throughout the Stavanger region. Between 2001 and 2011, the number of business enterprises in Stavanger increased by 153.6%, likely due to the presence of the oil industry. The Oil Capital is split between several locations within the region. Statoil’s national headquarters is located in the rapidly growing business park of Forus. To the west, Tananger’s Risavika harbor serves as the primary service base for the North Sea oil operations. The oil industry is also deeply ingrained in educational and research institutions, such as the University of Stavanger and the International Research Institute of Stavanger.
STAVANGER
LEFT: Oil platform in Stavanger (Photo credit: L.C.Nøttaasen) 13
.MMCX
Local Tananger As a collective decision, Studio .MMCX decided to focus on the city of Tananger, a smaller neighboring harbor within the region. During the Norway excursion, a week was spent exploring the cities of Stavanger, Sandnes, and Tananger in order to see the current connections and relationships between these entities. Throughout that time spent within the area, understanding the rich history of Tananger became the focus of the trip. Delving further into the past, the progression of the town from a leading canned sardines manufacturer to a highly industrialized harbor became clearer as the impact of oil regionally and locally was further demonstrated.
SITUATION
Another effort of the trip was to present studio’s current understanding of Tananger. By talking with local residents as well as local officials, the progression of the region was better understood. Th e stakeholders were able to give critical feedback to develop Studio .MMCX’s argument even further. All of this information was recompiled and reanalyzed throughout the remainder of the semester. Th e following pages addresses some of the issues that were uncovered before and during the excursion.
14
LOCAL 15
.MMCX
Tananger Originating as a fi shing village, Tananger has always had a strong connection to the sea. Th e area’s harbor is one of the best in the region due to its depth and size. Connections with the North Sea has always been tied to the local economy, including lobster and herring fishing and piloting services for ships seeking shelter. Currently, Tananger is home to an eclectic mix of disjointed activities. While the historic harbor remains in a similar character to its fishing village roots, the rest of Tananger has been developed in an ad-hoc manner. Suburban neighborhoods and several schools extend out from the historic harbor. Limited retail is available within a newer commercial district, located down the road from the harbor. Th e rest of Tananger is monopolized by the industrial harbors.
SITUATION
Since 1965, the industrial harbor has fl ourished within the larger Risavika harbor. Th is area is largely separated from the surrounding community through green belts and separate roadways. More residential neighborhoods and limited commercial development has also occurred to the east of the larger harbor. Some of Norway’s most productive agricultural land is located directly to the south of the area. Tananger’s population has grown to 5,954 people in 2010. Despite the success of the Risavika Harbor, the area has seen limited growth. Significant residential developments are currently being built extending from the northern side of Tananger. Residential Civic Retail Industrial Harbor Agricultural ADJACENT RIGHT: Historic harbor of Tananger RIGHT: Current Zoning in Tananger 16
TANANGER 17
.MMCX
Challenges Tananger is a booming region that has always thrived off of the land and sea. Th ere once existed a prominent sardine and fi shing market in the region. Now the focus has shifted to a heavily industrialized region thriving off of the oil industry. Th e region suffers from a major disconnect with city officials disputing where and how to plan for future growth. Th is disconnect has caused many issues for the future of Tananger and may lead to a dreary future. Studio .MMCX proposes to avoid the potential sprawl that may occur in Tananger by facing the planning problems head on and proposing bold strategies that will set up a healthy infrastructure for a healthy future for Tananger.
Character of Norwegian Planning
Downsides of Urban Sprawl
SITUATION
The existing condition of Tananger is quite desolate, unoccupied, and heavily industrialized. The current planning strategy of the region to implement quick fi xes. Th ere is no long term plan that is being followed by developers. Th e conflicting views of city officials in Tananger is what has led to the detrimental ad-hoc planning taking place in Tananger. Increased wealth raises the living standards of the current population and allows for widespread ownership of automobile. Automobiles allow people to live and work further from the city center. Rapid population growth puts an increased strain on the capacity of the urban core and pushes people to live further out. A lack of comprehensive planning segregates development and disjoins current infrastructure.
Pollution
Urban Sprawl
Congestion
Smog
LEFT BOTTOM: Current Condition 18
Sprawl is happening now in the Stavanger region. The communities of Sandnes and Stavanger are growing together along the North-South axis. Growth is auto centric creating long commutes, daily congestion, and low density. Th e majority of the Tananger Peninsula is developed along the North-South axis. Th e rest of the Peninsula and surrounding land is lacking development except for some isolated pockets of developed area. Future growth in this auto-centric pattern will create further sprawl that will compound the current issues as well as change the nature of the region. Rapid growth, ad hoc planning, and the bustling sibling cities of Stavanger and Sandnes have developed a disconnect between the residential and industrial sectors of Tananger. With a large percent of the population living in Stavanger and Sandnes, Tananger has never had the chance to grow. In the past few years, industries have found and redeveloped the southern portion of Risavika Harbor. Th e cultural and historical city center of Tananger has not fostered such possibilities due to a lack of residential and commercial development in the area. Th is disregard for growth has led to Tananger becoming a destination only for work, carrying daily commuters. As the population begins to grow, connecting these two together would create a different dynamic to Risavika, Tananger, and the Stavanger Region.
CHALLENGES
RIGHT: Map of Current Development 19
.MMCX SITUATION 20
Loss of Viking Spirit
Resort to Quick Fix
The Vikings were continually on a quest to sail West as a means to better their lives. As Tananger plans for their future, this Viking spirit has to be reincorporated into their growth to allow for the best life possibilities. Adapting this approach to the school year, Studio .MMCX was not afraid to pursue the unknown, treading into the world of advanced and imaginative urban design to plan for the future. Never settling for good enough, the studio pushed and edited to come up with new ideas and advanced techniques to implement into the 2110 Tananger Master Plan.
The city’s current planning commission has focused on a quick fi x method of planning. They look for immediate solutions rather than long term solutions. Th is method of planning has led to a “good enough� mentality that needs to be refocused.
Stavanger
Stavanger
509
Tananger Risavika
Tananger Risavika
509
509: 14,850 Cars/Day
Sola
Sola +
Transportation Inefficiency
The primary focus in Tananger has been on the industrial development, leaving commercial or residential development in the periphery. Th e shore line is dominated by industry, leaving little room for commercial or residential development. Ad-hoc development has lead to awkward and disconnected zoning. Most commercial and residential development is situated far from the major circulation corridor. Tananger requires development that will make strong connections between the town, industry, and circulation corridors.
Through analysis of public transportation, it is apparent the region sees Tananger as a temporary destination. Buses depart from Stavanger and Sandnes everyday carrying employees of the Stavanger Region to Risavika Harbor. Current public transportation in Tananger is directly neglected. With improved infrastructure and more meaningful development along the roadside, Tananger can become a more desirable destination rather than an area to pass through and away from.
QUICK FIXES
Current Growth Pattern
21
22
SITUATION
.MMCX
Potential Throughout Tananger Scenic
Natural
Historic
HORSEBACK Cultural
Tananger’s cultural, historic, and natural context provide unique opportunities for future development. Th e area is currently an important harbor node within the oil industry and will further expand towards becoming a logistics hub. Th e community is also deeply rooted in Norwegian history, originating as a fi shing village and continuing that heritage to this day. Th e area also offers views and access to the North Sea, along the rugged and rocky coast. Highway 509 currently provides a North-South connection for the area. This road can connect north to Bergen and to Kristiansund in the South. Tananger’s central location between Stavanger and Sandnes would allow for an efficient connection to the East to be made. These connections in addition to the logistics hub of the harbor will allow Tananger to be very well connected within the region. The area also has a rich and diverse history, dating back to Viking settlements in nearby areas. Tananger has thrived off the fi shing industry, currently highlighted by the lobster fi shing season in early Fall. Th e Hummeren Hotel specializes in lobster, and the tourist industry within the historic harbor could be further expanded. The area’s access to the sea is also valuable, and future development can take advantage of this connection.
POTENTIAL
LEFT TOP: North Sea shoreline FAR LEFT BOTTOM: Man holding lobster NEAR LEFT BOTTOM: Historic sailboat in harbor 23
.MMCX
Risavika Originating as a North Sea oil fi eld supply base, Risavika is quickly redefining itself as an important international logistics hub. Th e harbor was initially settled by the oil industry in the 1960’s along the northern shore. Today, the southern shore of the harbor is quickly being developed. Here the oil industry now thrives alongside freight and passenger traffic. The area is a significant employer within the Sola municipality. Currently roughly half of Sola’s residents are employed in industries related to the harbor’s activities. Many international oil companies have offices in the harbor, in addition to many more innovative engineering fi rms specialized in the oil industry.
Potential of the Harbor
SITUATION
Tananger and the Stavanger region currently benefit economically from the Risavika harbor. The oil industry of the harbor will provide economic stability throughout the remaining duration of the North Sea oil fi eld’s reserves. There also exists a tremendous pool of creative professionals within the oil industry. Looking towards the future, both of these resources could provide the necessary components for a transition to a knowledge-based economy as oil reserves dwindle. Th e harbor is already expanding into an international logistical hub, allowing global connections to future industries. A future rail line could further enhance the importance of Risavika as a regional transit and logistics node.
LEFT: Aerial of Risavika, looking North-East (Photo credit: Risavika Havn) 24
RISAVIKA 25
.MMCX
.MMCX
Seeking Meaning in the Painted City The Stavanger Region is defined by a multitude of disconnected nodes and activities attempting to act as a single whole. As of 2012, Tananger does not serve as a meaningful member to the greater Stavanger Region because it lacks wholeness as a local body. The city’s core systems are too insufficient to support its present needs, and they are not sustainable enough to last into the future. It is not until each of these individual parts becomes meaningful that the Stavanger Region can pursue a state of wholeness at a regional scale and further reach its potential at the global scale. With the rise of Risavika Havn, the region has both the opportunity, and the embodied potential to become a more key player within the Global Market in the long term, but it is essential that Tananger becomes a meaningful city by making it a place that people can have pride in. Tananger must be a place where people want to live, work, and die. Studio .MMCX and the Painted City is an exploration into just one of the possible outcomes for the future of Tananger with the following ideals at its core:
It would be a mistake to say that the whole is simply a summation of all the qualities found within the parts that compose it. Rather, it is a harmonious composition of parts that emerges into an entirely new entity with its own characteristics and qualities to which no single part could have achieved on its own. Th e whole is not derived from a linear/logical progression of steps where one thing leads to another, but by a holistic approach in which everything simultaneously emerges in response to each other. Information is communicated instantaneously across all scales, where each part is determined by the others, creating a reflection of all parts, and subsequently, the whole itself. Because of this, the whole cannot be fully grasped by solely observing it in a top-down fashion, looking at the whole as one entity. It must also be observed from the bottom-up, analyzing the parts and understanding how they work together to form the greater whole.
Supra-dependent
Wholeness
28
A holon is something that functions simultaneously as a whole and a part. It is defined as being an evolving, self-organizing structure that is at equilibrium between the systems which compose it. When these structures reach a state of meaningful equilibrium, they become integrated into a vast, interdependent meshwork of holons working in harmony. All holons are both supra-dependent and subordinate to another, preventing absolute wholes and parts from existing. Within this intricately integrated meshwork of systems, everything is a part of everything.
Subordinate
THEORY
As wholeness is constantly changing and evolving, pursuing any one vision of a “whole� would be futile and actually detract from the pursuit itself. Understanding this, wholeness can not be directly designed, but it is through the definition of the urban environment through patterns that allows systems to coexist and form the process through which wholeness emerges. It is through the meaningfulness of parts that we are able to pursue wholeness in Tananger, specifically by looking at systems and subsystems, or holons.
THE WHOLE
Is it all coming together? 29
.MMCX
Opportunity is Sustainability To design something that lasts 100+ years means to design something to be proactive. It must anticipate and welcome change in order to prevent from losing purpose. These potential changes, however, cannot be fully predicted, and like wholeness, it cannot be directly designed for. What can be designed is the opportunity to adapt to those changes, and that requires space and freedom within the various systems that make up the city. Systems and their interactions form the essence of the city. Everything functions as a holon, serving as both a part and a whole to the other systems around them, making the design of these entities highly complex. It is through the careful design of these systems that the opportunity to grow and adapt is established. The opportunity lies within the in-between.
SYSTEMS & MORE SYSTEMS
{
Industrial Harbor Activity Recreational Harbor Activity Education Bicycle Traffic Private Vehicle Traffic Public Vehicle Traffic Pedestrian Traffic Tourists Harvesting of Fish Agriculture and Food Commercial Shopping Freight Rail Regional Connections
Global Connections Lobster Fishing Trash Structure Water Electricity Livestock Ferry Transportation Flying Auto-ma-car Commuter Traffic Local Traffic Communication Oil Industry
Climate Lighting Natural Gas Industry Infrastructure Entertainment Knowledge Political Affiliations Immigration Housing Emergency Response Offshore Shipping Container Shipping Sporting
THEORY
Multiplicity Multiplicity is defined as the “quality or state of being multiple and various�. In 2110 Tananger, it is about the multiplicity of activities that harmoniously integrate with one another through the organization of systems and exchange of information that begins to incite opportunity. Multiplicity reveals opportunities that are previously unseen. Singularities within the present day zoning strategy encourages homogeneity amongst similar activities and a state of stagnant equilibrium is more easily achieved. Tananger in 2110, however, does not desire to be stagnant. The creative class desires diverse and imaginative environments, and the economy will require an adaptable, sustainable network of activity in order to thrive for centuries. By redefining the rules of the zoning code to no longer focus on singularity, but multiplicity, Tananger will shift from a stagnant city of singularity, and into a dynamic, adaptive network of interrelated activity.
30
MULTIPLICITY 31
.MMCX
Permeability Permeability refers to the fl ow and interchange of the various energies and informations present within a system. It allows for the exchange of people, knowledge, ideas, and innovation to flow more freely within the environment. This communication facilitates awareness and accessibility of each and every component within the whole, which ultimately strengthens the whole itself.
Harmony Everything is defined by the assemblies of systems and subsystems. Harmony is only achieved once these systems begin to no longer simply coexist in parallel, but integrate in order to define a meaningful coexistence between one another. In a state of harmony, everything is strengthened by everything else and achieves more together than they ever would separately. Th e parts combine to form something new that did not, and could not, previously exist.
Imagination Everything designed within the painted city should initiate a dialogue with its users and challenge them to question the possibilities of a space. Th is endless sense of wonder is a key component to the creative class. Th e stimulation and expression of the imagination helps lead to the tolerant and creative atmosphere that the knowledge economy thrives in.
Diversity Without diversity, there is neither sustainability nor multiplicity. Without sustainability, comes an end. Without multiplicity, comes limited opportunity, and in the knowledge economy of Tananger where innovation is an economic resource, limited opportunity becomes a debilitating hindrance to both the creative class and the lifespan of the city. It is through multiplicity and the meaningful integration of activities that Tananger’s creative environment will thrive.
Adaptability An adaptable city is one that is capable of redefining itself through the years and create solutions to the problems that challenge it. It is a sustainable city that is not forced to combat change and forever attempt (and in time fail) to live in an era long past, but to embrace that change and evolve into a stronger manifestation of itself. The painted city must be open to change, and prepare itself to address that change.
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P H I D A
33
.MMCX THEORY
2012
34
Node
2110
A node in the city is a place that interfaces the interaction of multiple fl ows. It is an environment with identity, people, and activity. Achievable at a multitude of scales a node can be the size of the coliseum or a coffee shop. They are places of high social interaction and is where the energy of the city thrives. A node is permeable and adaptable allowing for an efficient relationship between infrastructure and people.
2012
Flow is energy. It is both the physical and spiritual movement of people. Flow is permeable at every scale, from a conversation sharing ideas between two professionals to a public concert in the city square. Society becomes truly meaningful when fl ows are processing at a high frequency. The life source of the city, flow is harmonious with its context, adaptable to any event, and represents the identity of the city.
NODE // FLOW
Flow
2110
35
.MMCX THEORY 36
Urban Floor A “ground” plane that represents the space in between buildings, the urban floor is used for navigating both horizontal and vertical stratus. It recognizes plazas, alleys, staircases, and ramps, anything where fl ows of the public interact. Designing for the urban fl oor allows any stagnant areas to be activated and included. Tananger’s 2110 urban floor has emerged from 100 years of connecting the city.
Stitches are connections between the urban fl oors. A stitch can take people and fl ows through multiple systems. Designing for the stitch requires throughout about architecture as infrastructure. How can a building start to mediate fl ows around its public spaces? How does a person get from a bus stop to a building? Combined with the urban fl oor, stitches add legibility to space and determine the multiple opportunities. Responsible for fl ow, stitches become areas of high social friction. Tananger 2110 takes people from transit, to place, to nature.
FLOOR // STITCH
Stitch
37
.MMCX THEORY 38
Edge The urban edge manifests itself through the hardscape and softscape of the city. Th ese elements include road infrastructure, buildings, and nature. Th e edge is what connects and carries the public from space to space. It determines entrances and exits in space as well as compression and expansion of the cities spaces. The edge can act as an activator with usable program or as a wall to encourage movement.
Mississauga
Barcelona
Copenhagen
London
New York
Paris
The urban fabric reveals the different textures a city can have. A diverse range of edge and stitch relationships can create different pathways for flow to navigate. Opening and closings of public spaces become navigational tools for people. Tananger 2110s combines different types of street typologies and public spaces to create a harmonious flow between nodes atop several stratus.
EDGE // FABRIC
Fabric
39
.MMCX
.MMCX
Knowledge Economy The Knowledge Economy is an economy driven by research, ideas, and innovation where intelligence and creativity are seen as resources, tools, and assets. Unlike Tananger’s resource based economy, the Knowledge Economy is not an economy of scarcity, but that of abundance. Information in the Knowledge Economy can be shared, consumed, and grow through its application, making the Knowledge Economy a sustainable economy. The size and complexity of global markets has increased the amount of knowledge and expertise that is demanded by today’s economies. While technology helps manage these growing networks it brings an even greater need for knowledge to maintain and operate technology. Innovation is key to remaining competitive within the knowledge economy. In order to keep with growing markets and advancing technologies, cities must create more efficient systems that provide opportunities.
KNOWLEDGE ECON
Efficient connections between all levels of life, including individual, community, and government, is required. Collaborative practice promotes research, ensures success, and fosters new possibilities.
42
Globalization Expanding markets have increased the amount of interaction that can happen throughout the entire planet. Vast networks connecting all of these markets has become increasingly more complex, with the scale and nature of the global market. Large amounts of expertise and knowledge are needed to create and maintain these networks and relationships. It is essential that networks remain current with innovative and creative problem solving. Demand for knowledge-intense and valueadded products have sprouted a workforce that defines today’s global economy.
Technology The creation of modern day technology has greatly increased humankind’s ability to create and share information. Vast amounts of data can be shared and transferred efficiently, allowing widespread access. Th is data can be analyzed, allowing any user to efficiently take this information and interpolate it, modify it, and apply it easily. Technology gives people access to an unlimited amount of information, feeding the brains of its users. Technology is constantly advancing through the creativity and innovation of humanity who are driven by personal interest and economic advantage.
Scale With the increasing scale of markets, the ease of communication and access to information has increased. Research has shown that the most effective means of communicating is person to person. Th e success of the Knowledge Economy is directly related to the collaborative relationships at all levels of the community.
PRINCIPLES
Creating knowledge intense areas where a diversity of actions collide is key. Entrepreneurs, academics, and entertainers come together formally and informally in a place where human friction can be rich, diverse, and meaningful. Th e Knowledge Economy needs to have access to every scale of life to increase the chance of creative exchange and to allow Tananger to be a competitor in the global economy.
43
.MMCX
Creative Class Human capital is the Knowledge Economy’s greatest asset. It is people who take the vast amounts of information and turn it into knowledge, apply creative solutions, and seek to innovate. It is the creative class that is essential to the success of the Knowledge Economy. Th e creative class fosters an open, dynamic, personal, and professional urban environment, which then attracts more creative people, businesses and capital. Th e creative class is commonly made up of interdisciplinary and trans-disciplinary groups of scientists, computer programmers, engineers, architects, and artists. However, everyone is creative, and in an economy that is built upon the Knowledge Economy it is essential for everyone to be creative in order to remain competitive and innovative in the ever evolving global markets.
KNOWLEDGE ECON
The creative class is driven by many factors including a desirable locale, proximity to peers, and a rich job market. Wages are important to the creative class, but quality of life and other factors are also taken into account. Th e most important motivator for the creative class however is meaningful work. Th ey want to feel like they are making a difference in their work, and in the larger context. It is essential for the knowledge economy to attract the creative class by fi nding meaning. Meaning for the creative class can be found by promoting technology, talent, and technology in Tananger.
44
Technology Technology brings jobs that need a skilled workforce to utilize new discoveries as well as improve upon them. Technology also gives access to a large amount of data that can be easily reached, allowing for a more connected society by giving people access to tools they need to participate in the Knowledge Economy Technology is also key to a community’s efficiency to drive economic growth while allowing communities to organize, process, and transfer ideas. Th e creative class needs access to technology in order to exist.
Talent A community’s ability to attract and retain top talent is essential to attract the creative class. It is not only important to attract the top talent, but is key to provide the necessary skills and education to allow the talent to grow. It is important to have a variety of talented people to ensure creative exchange and interactive learning. While diverse values from varying fi elds and businesses will occur, members of the creative class will be surrounded by the influential ideas of a creative class.
Tolerance Social inclusion and openness are essential to attracting and retaining the creative class. Creative talent needs communities that are open to fostering new ideas. They need a place where it feels like they belong and can invest in their trade and life. A place that is fun, promotes the imagination, and tolerates an environment that helps to encourage the interaction of people. A place where human friction and interaction can occur freely, and most importantly a place where people are not afraid to fail.
-Connection -Organization -Efficiency
{ { { {
Talent -Education -Skills -Relationships
Tolerance -Openess -Lifestyle -Ineteraction
Regional Development
CREATIVE CLASS
{
{ { {
Technology
-Education -Skills -Creative Exchange
45
.MMCX KNOWLEDGE ECON
Tananger and the Knowledge Economy Tananger depends on the oil industry, a resource economy that connects Tananger to the global market and brings in millions of dollars of revenue. Advanced technology is required to engineer the offshore oil drilling equipment and maintain the daily business of a large industrial harbor. Connections with the global market require sophisticated networks to handle daily transactions. Highly qualified members of the creative class already exist in Tananger and maintain the harbor systems. Tananger seeks to become an industry leader, and can promote meaningful growth in industries independent of the harbor. Tananger however lacks a tolerant environment. Most of the people that work in Tananger commute from Stavanger and the surrounding area. Currently, all development is segregated with 46
the industrial harbor having little dialog with the more historic old harbor. It is important that Tananger develops a more tolerant environment that facilitates creative interaction and allows for more efficient connections. In order to accomplish this, Tananger must realize that people are the driving economic force in the Knowledge Economy and it is key to develop Tananger around people and their community. Advancement and success in the Knowledge Economy stems directly from the collaborative relationships among all parts of the community from the individuals, groups, institutions, and government. Tananger needs to develop a place where people want to live, work, and play.
Density DENSITY
Tananger needs to end its segregation by closing the gap between its people and businesses. Dense growth will bring Tananger to the human scale allowing for efficient connection between people and the city. Density encourages human friction and the overlap of people, industry, education, and government. Increasing the efficiency and number of connections will increase the chance of creative exchange and learning.
47
.MMCX KNOWLEDGE ECON 48
PHIDA and the Knowledge Economy
Permeability
Harmony
A permeable urban fabric increases the total possible connections while making connections more meaningful. Permeability prevents segregation in the community allowing people, knowledge, ideas, and innovation to flow.
All levels of the community need to work together whether as individuals, groups, businesses, institutions, or governments. Advancement and success stem directly from the collaborative relationships developed among all of these levels. Innovation is the result of the harmonious interaction between all the actors and institutions of the knowledge economy.
C A
B
Diversity
In order to attract the creative class, the environment must promote the imagination of the people. Places that make people think more deeply, evoke wonder and provide activities that create meaningful human interaction. Places that are fun and keep people engaged are needed to attract the creative class as well as places that makes people know that they are part of the larger picture.
A diverse environment will produce a richer interchange of ideas by increasing the number of connections. It will reinforce and enhance the existing urban fabric by creating an overlap of new and old ideas creating a situation of constant learning and sharing that is essential to the creative process. The people of the creative class need to be tolerant and accepting of each other and their diverse perspectives to allow for creative exchange with a live and let live atmosphere. Diverse environments are needed to create a more sustainable economic and social environment that does not let any one way to life dominate.
PHIDA
Imagination
49
.MMCX KNOWLEDGE ECON 50
Adaptability
Conclusion
A community seeking to attract the Knowledge Economy and the creative class must be able to adapt to many kinds of economic, social, and educational change. It must stay current with new technologies and trends in the global market and be willing to try new things and be supportive to inventors and their ideas. The community needs to be tolerant of failure and be prepared to react quickly.
The implementation of density and the PHIDA values of permeability, harmony, imagination, diversity, and adaptability are relevant for growth. Tananger completes the three T’s of Technology, Talent, and Tolerance that are necessary for attracting the creative class which is essential to the success of the Knowledge Economy. With the Knowledge Economy, Tananger will have a sustainable system which will produce a meaningful place that is competitive in the local, regional, national, and global scales.
CONCLUSION 51
.MMCX
.MMCX PATTERNS
x. y. z. t.
54
} } space
&
time
architecture
time is an architectural dimension
GENERATIONS
2012 2035 2060 2085 2110
55
56
PATTERNS
.MMCX
Tananger is a heavily industrialized community whose economy relies solely on the continuing success of oil. Tananger is often overlooked by the rest of the Stavanger Region and not seen as a destination spot worth traveling out of the way for. Despite its inefficient layout and lack of connections, Tananger’s future is full of possibilities waiting to be explored.
2012
2012 2035 2060 2085 2110
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58
PATTERNS
.MMCX
Twelve projects located throughout Tananger capitalize on the inherent opportunities and act as catalysts for future growth in the area. Major construction and reconfiguration of the shorelines maximizes the productivity of Risavika Havn and allows the introduction of new public spaces and a canal to the harbor. Th e Cardo, Highway 509, is widened and raised to accommodate Tananger’s new streamlined public transit system. Th e interchange of these systems occurs at the new transit hub.
2035
2012 2035 2060 2085 2110
59
60
PATTERNS
.MMCX
As construction continues East across the Cardo, it establishes a Decumanus in the North and South. The one in the North is along Tananger Ring and bridges across Hafrsfjord connecting Tanager to the rest of the Stavanger Region. The newly established accessibility, diversity, and vibrancy attracts the Creative Class to Tananger who continue to feed the innovative spirit of the area. Th e dependency on oil is declining and urban agriculture is gaining in popularity.
2060
2012 2035 2060 2085 2110
61
62
PATTERNS
.MMCX
2085
The density throughout Tananger continues to increase and the multiplicities of systems are becoming more intertwined. Tananger is regionally recognized for its innovation and is a sought out place to live, work, and visit. Construction on the canal continues, and the East Harbor is gaining a reputation for the arts. High rises in the South are establishing a business district adjacent to the industrial harbor activities that are based more on container shipping and akevitt production than oil.
2012 2035 2060 2085 2110
63
64
PATTERNS
.MMCX
2110
Construction on the canal has fi nished and the area around it has become known for its lively entertainment and state-of-the-art stadium. Th e South Harbor has also fi nished construction on the boardwalks and marinas making it the perfect place for locals and tourists to commingle harmoniously. Tananger’s Knowledge Economy is globally recognized thanks to the hard work of the imaginative Creative Class and their dedication to innovation.
2012 2035 2060 2085 2110
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Neighborhoods - Paris Arrondissements
PATTERNS
One Mile Walkability
66
The circle represents a one mile walkability village. Th e one mile walkability radius was based on how far one could carry a jug of water in a traditional city before the use of the automobile. By establishing these one mile walkability circles, Tananger residents will be able to walk to get all their basic needs instead of relying on automobiles.
Triangulation of Parts
Power of Ten
Fractal Patterning
Each village can be broken down into ten parts. Th ese ten parts are the different elements necessary to make a successful village. Seven of these will always be residential, commercial, green space, transit, rest, recreation, and education. Th e remaining three will change depending on the certain characteristics of each village.
Each of the ten parts need to be triangulated with at least two other parts. Th is interaction creates an in-between that results in a greater combination of urban spaces and activities than any singular element. This allows each piece to work creatively and meaningfully with the other pieces and give the people of Tananger more habitable spaces to explore and enjoy.
These ten parts are the destinations in the villages and can be further broken down into ten things to do while at any given destination. These could include sitting, shopping, eating, sleeping, living, walking, playing, socializing, learning, and more.
Once again triangulation between these smaller parts needs to occur. Each of these activities needs to be paired with at least two others. Th is level of triangulation brings the behavior to a human scale. By associating with one another, these activities will have a new and deeper meaning than if any of them were to be located by themselves.
NEIGHBORHOODS
Ten Part Villages
67
.MMCX PATTERNS 68
Districts at a Regional Scale
Districts at an Urban Scale
The Stavanger Region has several city centers that have grown closer together over time establishing new districts. Up to this point, Tananger has remained disconnected from the main north-south development between Stavanger and Sandnes. By establishing new districts within Tananger and creating more places to live, work, and socialize, Tananger’s presence within the Stavanger Region will increase.
Zooming into Tananger at an urban scale, one can see that there are four districts. Each district is developed around unique aspects of the area that distinctly define what the activities and cultures are like in each one. Th e next page breaks down the specific activities and lists the three most important ones for each four districts.
Residential
Residential Agriculture
Residential
Education
Agriculture Education District
Civic Center Tourism
Innovation District
Transit Hub
Old Harbor
Prefabrication New Business District Musuem
Arts District
Entertainment South Canal Warehouse District
Residential
South Harbor Logistics
Tourism Agriculture Business Research
Agriculture
Triangulation Between the Districts
Each of the four districts can be broken down into smaller villages (neighborhoods). Th ese are based on the one mile walkability radius previously mentioned. In each neighborhood, a public space is based on the unique aspect of the surrounding area. These smaller identities make up the neighborhood’s culture and are triangulated together with other elements within the neighborhood and to other areas in Tananger as well to create the urban fabric. Th e different colors represent the diversity of the knowledge economy and the opportunities that can be found in each neighborhood.
Throughout Tananger lies a balance of activities from local residences, city centers, museums, tourism, entertainment, recreation, harbor logistics, agriculture, and innovation. Th ese elements are strategically placed in the masterplan to create a triangulation of connections. The interaction between the different triangulated elements will spur the creation of the urban fabric of the community. People will meet, bonds will be made, friendships will be established, and local pride will emerge. Th is will create a sense of place for the locals and give them a reason to want to take care of their community. Tananger will begin to self organize, and in turn, will become their own catalyst for change creating a holistic society.
DISTRICTS
Breaking Down the Districts into Smaller Villages
69
.MMCX
North Harbor
Residential/ Business Residential
Culture
Tourism
Residential/ Retail Civic Center Old Harbor Residential
Fish Market
Prefabrication Housing Park
Hotel
Business District
Marina
Elevated Park
Tananger Museum
Tourism
The Link
Fish Market
South Harbor
Fuel Depot Global Economy LNT
Ferry Terminal
Tourism
PATTERNS
Hotel Plaza
Agriculture
Energy Research 70
Freight Rail Warehouses (Urban Ag above)
ContainerStorage Retail/Commercial Entertainment Akevitt Marina Retail/Business Business/Residential Norwegian Energy Research Institution (N.E.R.I.)
Residential/ Commercial
Innovation District
Agriculture Agriculture
Residential
Residential Orchard High School & Middle School Prototyping Lab Education
Startup Village
Urban Farm School Restaurant Row
Retail/Residential
Business/Residentail Transit Hub Business/ Residential
Innovation
Warehouse District
Canal Stadium
Residential/ Retial/ Business Entertainment Erikson Boats
Entertainment
Marina
Recreation
ELEMENTS
Residential
Warehouses (Parks above) Warehouses (Urban Ag above)
Manufacture 71
.MMCX
Urban Agriculture Tananger is home to some of the most productive agricultural land in Norway; however, with the discovery of oil in the North Sea in 1969, Norway’s agricultural economy was replaced by an economy almost exclusively dependent on the exploration and production of oil. The oil industry proved profitable and turned the Stavanger region into the oil capital of Norway, but the oil won’t last forever. To prevent an economic bust when the oil wells dry up, Studio .MMCX has designed a master plan, the central undertaking of which is the establishment of a vibrant knowledge economy. Within the knowledge economy, agriculture will regain new momentum with the creation and implementation of agriculture within the urban environment. Agriculture will be a strong influence on the viability and strength of this economy; ranging from the impact on commerce, industry, education, and the human well-being.
PATTERNS
In an effort to keep Rogaland (the area in which Tananger is located) highly productive agriculturally, politicians have already voiced their opinion against a sprawling development strategy that preys on easily buildable agricultural land. As Tananger develops, much of the land that is used today for agriculture and pasture will remain for future use. Tananger will be able to boost itself into a knowledge economy in a meaningful and sustainable way with the use of agriculture. Th e inclusion of an Urban Farm School can harbor and build the foundations to support the growth of the industry in the area. It focuses on developing new technologies for production, higher yields, and innovation for developing more sustainable practices for the future and the betterment of the local and global economy. The school is supported by a community of agricultural industry. As of now the workers are already present in Tananger, they just happen to work for the oil industry: TOP: Warehouse roofs utilizing urban agriculture BOTTOM: Integrated Vertical Greenhouse System 72
Engineers, Biochemists, Mechanical Engineers, Biologists, and Economists. Research, design, and production of new technologies ranging from harvest techniques, vertical and integrated greenhouse designs, soil fertility, and quality of produce would be just a sampling of their work. Th e Farm School would also educate the community on how they too can incorporate agriculture into their homes, offices, and community centers. Agriculture will be a bridging factor from today’s oil economy to 2110s Knowledge Economy. As the oil industry declines, the agricultural industry will grow to fi ll its place. Th e strength of urban agriculture comes not only from the implementation of schools but also from the people. It is at the interface between production and urban zones where positive situations occur. Nodes will develop to house that interface: produce coming in, means for production going out, global/national/regional distribution, Local distribution. Urban Agriculture is all about taking advantage of the inherent opportunities found in dense urban areas. Akevitt .MMCX turns 15.25 hectares of warehouse roofs in the harbor into an economic powerhouse of potatoes and caraway that can conveniently ship its akevitt locally, regionally, and globally by using the harbor freight lines and ocean.
Urban Agriculture Traditional Agriculture
URBAN AG
Not only is there a more mass oriented flow, but also a fl ow of small scale agricultural production and design from within the urban zone: rooftop terrace gardens, public orchards interlaced within parks, and small greenhouse operations. Localized food production lowers cost for consumers, has a higher nutritional value, and when the role of the consumer converts into the producer, new values that strengthen a healthy environment physically, socially, and economically catalyze. Th ese fl ows seek for Tananger to sustain itself for the growth of the future. ADJACENT: Urban & Traditional Agriculture
73
.MMCX PATTERNS 74
Land Sea Linkages
Harbors
Connecting Greenways
Risavika Havn is one of Norway’s largest natural harbors and presents Tananger with a multitude of opportunities to engage with the sea. Risavika Havn will be reformatted to explore these various opportunities. In the North, a new entry into Old Harbor will free up more space for marinas. In the South, the land will extend out to connect with existing islands to create new spaces for research and entertainment. In the East, the sea will flow further inland with the introduction of a new harbor and Arts District. The Canal will link this harbor to Risavika Havn.
Greenways will snake between the built-up areas connecting the residences to the different beauties Tananger has to offer including the agricultural land, the North Sea, different building typologies, and the green spaces themselves. Parks, community gardens, orchards, and groves of trees will not be sacrificed by 2110s density. The two will creatively work together to establish imaginative urban spaces that can be found in courtyards, plazas, roof tops, terraces, and open spaces.
Waterfront Usage & Canal Tananger is surrounded by the North Sea, but the industrial harbor activities take up the majority of the waterfront leaving little behind for the locals to enjoy, whose history is connected to the water. As the oil industry declines, there is an opportunity to return more and more of the waterfront to the public. Additional quay for container storage and increased density of warehouses and logistics will allow the harbor to operate at full potential with less space.
Proposed 2110 Canal Industrial Waterfront Public Waterfront
A new fi sh market and revitalized plaza will add new life to the North Harbor while Tananger Museum redefines the northern part of Risavika Havn to make it more accessible to the public. In the South, the Norwegian Energy Research Institute (N.E.R.I ) begins as an island but slowly creeps closer to the mainland until it connects in 2110 to create a peninsula of activity leading towards the Hotel, plaza, and ferry terminal. Additional marinas, boardwalks, and retail will make the area around the harbor an attractive place to live and give more people the freedom to own a boat.
Canal Stitches Industrial Waterfront Public Waterfront
LAND // SEA
Erikson’s Boats, a new recreational center, and a stadium will activate the east side of the harbor and act as catalysts for the proposed canal. Construction on the canal will not begin until 2110, but the infrastructure for it will start much earlier. Th e future canal will be considered as the area is built up to avoid having to tear down recently built buildings. Th is forward thinking will save the people of Tananger time, money, and resources. Th e canal’s main purpose is to connect the two bodies of water and create a unique urban environment that also increases the amount of waterfront for the locals to live, work, and find entertainment. TOP: 2012 Tananger Waterfront Usage & Canal BOTTOM: 2110 Tananger Waterfront Usage & Canal
75
.MMCX
Transportation Vadsz
Tromsø
Narvik
Bodø
Rovaniemi
Luleå Oulu
Steinkjer Umeå
FINLAND
Trondheim
Östersund
Molde Ålesund
Härnösand
SWEDEN
Mikkeli
NORWAY Hermansverk Lillehammer Hamar
Gävle
Bergen
Turku
Helsinki
Falun Mariehamn Oslo
Uppsala
Drammen Tønsberg Stavanger
Skien
Västeràs Moss
Örebro
Stockholm Nyköping
Arendal Kristiansand
Linköpingen
Primary Developement Secondary Development Existing Rail Primary Development Secondary Development Existing Rail
Karlstad
0
100 (km)
Stavanger Sentrum
PATTERNS
Importance of Rail
ABOVE: National Rail Plan RIGHT: Regional Light/Freight Rail Plan 76
Paradis
The affects of the rail transportation network that is proposed for the Stavanger region can go on to improve the existing Norwegian rail system. Currently, the only way to get to Bergen from Stavanger by rail is to go along the southern coast or Norway to Oslo then continue looping up and over to Bergen. If a spur would be generated connecting Stavanger and Bergen the country would be greatly benefited with this final connection. Th e fj ord land in between Stavanger and Bergen is considered some of the most picturesque regions in the whole world and the ease and luxury that rail transport offers could only have economic gain. Th en to fi nish connecting the country, an additional spur between Bodø and Vadsz would be implemented.
Mariero
Jåttåvågen
Gausel
Freight Rail Light Rail (Dashed Underground)
Sandnes Sentrum Sandnes
With the addition of a freight spur going out to Risavika, the opportunity of freight rails continuing north to Bergen is possible. Th e current problem now is that the rail line cannot continue north once it reaches Stavanger, but with the rail spur going underground around Stavanger to Risavika, the tunnel could easily continue up to Bergen.
Tananger Transit Systems Tananger 2110 will be a city that is optimally connected allowing a multiplicity of options: a large regional light rail system, an intricately woven system of street cars, and more opportunity for personal watercraft, and possibly flying cars.
TRANSPORTATION
Flying Auto-Ma-Car
Freight Rail Light Rail
ABOVE: Flying Auto-Ma-Car (Why not? It’’s the future) RIGHT: Tananger Transportation
Street Rail Personal Watercraft
*dashed lines indicate underground 77
.MMCX
Cardo & Decumanus At present, much of the development in the region is located along North-South axes, but to combine the many regions, including Tananger with the greater whole of Stavanger, East-West patterns need to be introduced. Th e Roman method of both a strong North-South (Cardo) and EastWest (Decumanus) is the template in which the patterns of Tananger and Stavanger can become whole.
& $ 5 ' 2 0 $ ; , 0 8 6
AMPITHEATER
FUTURE THERMAE
THEATER
FUTURE MARKET DECUMANUS MAXIMUS
FORUM
AQUEDUCT
MARKET PLACE
FOUNTAIN
THERMAE
RESERVOIR
FUTURE THERMAE
FUTURE MARKET
PATTERNS
POMERIUM
Cardo Maximus The main North-South street in Roman city planning Decumanus Maximus The main East-West street in Roman city planning At present, much of the development in the region is located along North-South axes, but to combine the many regions, including Tananger with the greater whole of Stavanger, East-West patterns need to be introduced. Th e Roman method of both a strong North-South (Cardo) and East-
78
West (Decumanus) is the template in which the patterns of Tananger and Stavanger can become whole. Highway 509 is the vessel in which we establish our Cardo Maximus. Currently, it is an overcrowded two lane highway which separates many of the eastern neighborhoods from the harbor. The changes proposed will focus the fl ows of innovation, technology, and manufacturing along the
Innovati
on
can accomplish. Th ey differ from a typical Cardo by not being a linear element at all, but rather a volumetric experience. A system of these Cardos connect a series of Decumanus’ by means of the vertical dimension throughout the strata over the new harbor warehouses.
Culture
u To ris m
Technology
Manufacturing
History
Energy Industry
The miniature Cardos, found mostly in the southern portion of the harbor, are a new take on what the Cardo, as a pattern within the city,
Transit Hub
At the intersection of the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus lies the Transit Hub. Th is intersection on the current edge of town will become the new epicenter for the 2110 community. Personal transport, buses, bicycle, streetcar, light-rail, retail, commercial, innovation, culture, art, technology, all at one node. Using the existing situation as a foundation, these flows of ideas and activities emerge, the patterns can bloom.
Cardo & DEC
corridor. Highway 509 is widened and raised up in segments throughout the generations of Tananger’s growth. These patterns aid in the highway’s permeability toward the sea. Smaller Cardos are also created in both the North and South of Tananger.
A primary Decumanus is established by the strengthening of the road that connects the historic Tananger harbor with Highway 509, but is extended eastward all the way to Stavanger. Bridging Hafrsfjord, to extend the Decumanus, will catalyze the pattern of increasing East-West connections within the region and Tananger. Th e new strengthened connection helps a new neighborhood east of highway 509 begin to grow, and become a new center of art and culture. Th e Decumanus will be a link to the both the old and new qualities that Tananger offers.
79
.MMCX
Density 15,000,000 13,500,000 12,000,000 10,500,000 9,000,000 7,500,000 6,000,000 4,500,000 3,000,000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
(High/Med/Low Growth in Fertility, Immigration, Domestic Migration) source: http://statbank.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/?PLanguage=1
Projected Population Growth of Norway Based on Statistics Norway growth factors
High Growth (HHHH) Medium Growth (MMMM) Low Growth (LLML)
The highest projection slope will be a result of the implementation of the knowledge economy, as well as climate change and increased immigration. Th e Median growth slope would be a result of continued oil discovery combined with international need for the product. Th e lowest growth projection is a result of oil running out or surpassing its viability. The low end growth comes with a foreboding connotation, as it currently is the most likely road Norway is headed down.
PATTERNS
Density 2010 (people/km2)
0
ABOVE: Regional Density 2010 80
4000
8000
12000
Stavanger Randeberg Sandnes Sola Klepp Time Rennesøy Gjasdal
2,770.1 2,341.2 2,329.6 1,721.8 174 98 67 19
Urban-Rural Relationship 82% of the population of Tananger in 2110 will live within the dense urban zone. 100,000 people will occupy and interact at a density of 28,409 people/ km2, currently this would rank as the most densely populated region in Europe. In 100 years though, Tananger would not be considered the most dense since the European population would continue to grow as well.
Area: 6.61km2 Population: 21,749 people Density: 3,290 people/km2
Tananger Built-Area Area: 3.52km2 Population: 100,000 people Density:28,409 people/km2
Area: 11.36km2 Population: 121,749 people Density: 10,717 people/km2
DENSITY
RIGHT: Urban-Rural Zones
Rural Zone Urban Zone Non-Residential 81
.MMCX
121,749 PATTERNS
Population Breakdown 39,224 31,157 24,819 4,800 6,261 ABOVE: Density Gradient 2110 82
15,488
The number 121, 749 represents the part Tananger has to play in the One Million inhabitant holon that is the Stavanger peninsula. Considering a 333% growth of the region over the next 100 years, an increase for the Stavanger peninsula to become one million people is not a massively intangible thing. Th e real driving force that will shoot the region into the future culminates in Tananger. In comparison to the region, Tananger’s population will increase 1900%. The astounding numbers in population for Tananger are possible through densification. The Tananger of the future will have a density similar to that of Paris, Monte Carlo, and even Manhattan, New York. Most of Tananger’s population will be clustered around the areas surrounding the Cardo Maximus (Highway 509) and the Decumanus Maximus, connecting the old harbor to Stavanger. The area adjacent to the old harbor will grow in many layered zones while still retaining all current residences with historical significance.
The second area is in the southern portion of the harbor. Built on a legacy deriving from the shipping industry, this area connects a new ideology of intuitiveness in energy research as well as a blooming tourist trade. Both are brought on by the connectivity to the sea; tourism with the ferry terminal, and energy research with an emphasis toward tidal, hydroelectric, and wind energy production.
121,749
The real density of Tananger inhabits two main areas. Th e fi rst area is the ever important transit hub located at the intersection of the Cardo and Decumanus. Spurred by the increased connectivity to the region, influx of new ideas, and people from both the Innovation District and the new neighborhood of culture and art of the East Harbor, the intersection at the transit hub becomes a new space for the future. It is a place where the dance of life can be choreographed and the people will have a multiplicity of choices to accomplish their goals and enrich their lives.
The pattern of creating density is ever interconnected in the catalytic loop of knowledge that provides Tananger with its fuel for a creative environment, building on infinite resources of the creative class. 83