Technical thesis

Technical Thesis

|

Eric Williams

|

20036080

Rainwater Harvesting - Nowlan Park How viable is the implementation of a rainwater harvesting system into a redeveloped Nolan Park stadium to service the local community?

Word Count : 1327

Rainwater Harvesting at Nowlan Park How viable is the implementation of a rainwater harvesting system into a redeveloped Nowlan Park stadium to service the local community?

A technical thesis submitted to Waterford Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, for partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Architecture in the School of Engineering Academic year 2012-2013 Eric Williams, Bachelor of Science in Architecture Waterford Institute of Technology, 2011 Brian Dempsey John Kennedy Robin Stubbs

Abstract The stadium is a unique building in the urban landscape. Its monumental scale and the spectacular function mean it takes centre stage in many urban settings. When it comes to the design of these large-scale sporting arenas, careful and considered design that concerns the local communities and the surrounding public spaces is often overlooked.

Whilst the principal thesis addresses this issue from a design viewpoint, this technical thesis seeks to investigate how a symbiotic connection between stadium and surroundings can be achieved on a more technical level.

Contents Title………………………………….…………………..……...(ii) Abstract……………………………….…………..………......(iii) Table of Contents……………………………...…….........…(v) List of Illustrations…………………………..…….............(vii)

Introduction………………….………………………...............2

Chapter 1 - Local Area Analysis..….……….…3 1.1 History 1.2 Weather 1.2.1 Flooding 1.2.2 Rainfall Analysis 1.3 Built Environ 1.3.1 Housing 1.3.2 Amenities

Chapter 2 - Proposed Development Parameters………………………………………………….6 2.1 The Site 2.2 Developments 2.3 Grey Water and Attenuation

Chapter 3 - Calculations…………...……………...8 3.1 Catchment Area 3.1.1 Existing Catchment 3.1.2 Proposed Catchment 3.2 Existing Water Usage 3.3 Post Development Usage

Conclusion…………………………………………………….11 Bibliography…………………………………………………..12

List of Illustrations Page

Figure

Source

(i) 2 2 3 3 4 5

Cover Image Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7

Produced by author ibid www.floodmaps.ie Kilkenny Count Development Plan www.worldclimate.com Produced by author ibid

Introduction The principal thesis completed this semester addressed the issue of design harmony between sporting arena and its surroundings. In this thesis a similar connection is investigated, yet with more a technical focus.

How can the stadium/sporting arena, provide for the local community? From the various potential answers to this question, this thesis will concentrate on rainwater harvesting in the sporting arena and its prospective contribution to the local area.

The bulk of this report will focus on the feasibility and viability of implementing such an environmental system into the redevelopment* of Nowlan Park Stadium in Kilkenny.

With careful accumulatation and analysis of the relevant data, the thesis question will be answered.

*Redevelopment proposed by author.

See principal thesis.

Chapter 1 Local Area Analysis ________________________________________

1.1 1.2 1.3

History Weather Built Environ

________________________________________

1.1 History The site is located on the east side of the River Nore, 900 meters from John Quay. The 6� OSI map shows the site as vacant with a workhouse the only building in the vicinity. In the last 15 years the stadium has undergone developments to the stands, increasing the catchment area of the site.

In 2006 a development, opposite the stadium, saw the completion of 142 new 3-bedroom semi detached houses.

This land is adjacent to an area of marshland and was originally scrub terrain.

Figure 2

1.2 Weather 1.2.1

Flooding

Despite flooding in the city of Kilkenny (Fig.4), the site has avoided major problems. Figure 3 shows a map of the specific area (highlighted orange) as viewed on www.maps.ie. Also shown is an area flood event (hatched blue) to the southwest of the site. The data retrieved from the relevant and referenced sources shows no indication of flooding in the area.

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5 1.2.2

Rainfall Analysis

Rainfall data was retrieved for the area of Kilkenny from worldclimate.com and met.ie. This data was used further on in the report in calculations to help determine the feasibility of the implementation of such a system into the area. Figure 5 shows some of the figures on an average year.

1.3 Built Environ 1.3.1

Housing

Within a 300 meter radius of the stadium exists 281 different residential properties. They have been recorded below.

No. of Houses

Name

16

-

Ossory Park

10

-

Lakefield

20

-

Talbot Place

12

-

Walkin Court

30

-

Lakeview

21

-

St. Johns Road

14

-

Lakeview Drive

20

-

Crescent

16

-

Butlers Place

39

-

O'Loughlin Road

84

-

Assumption Place

Figure 6

1.3.2

Amenities

Other buildings within the parameters of the site are: Government offices Nowlan Park stadium O'Loughlin Gaels GAA club Macdonagh Junction Shopping Centre

Chapter 2 Proposed Development Parameters ________________________________________

2.1 2.2 2.3

The Site Developments Grey Water and Attenuation

________________________________________

2.1 The Site

Orientation The ground at Nowlan Park runs North-East to South-West New Grand Stand Old Stand County End City End

| | | |

Capacity 30,000 Total 19,000 Seated

Location Kilkenny Ireland 52° 39′ 23″ N, 7° 14′ 22″ W

Site Area ≈ 40,000m

Figure 7

2

East West North South

2.2 Developments Over the past fifteen years three of the four stands of the stadium have been developed. In 2006 a development, opposite the stadium, saw the completion of 142 new 3bedroom semi detached houses.

2.3 Grey Water and Attenuation Grey Water All housing within the parameters of the site use water from the mains supply only.

All services within the Nolan Park Stadium use water from main supply including pitch irrigation and toilet facilities.

The government offices and Macdonagh Junction Shopping Centre also rely solely on mains supply for water.

Attenuation Due to the area not being particularly prone to flooding no rain water attenuation systems exist. To the north of the site however is an area of marshland that absorbs large quantities of rainfall when necessary throughout the year.

Chapter 3 Calculations ________________________________________

3.1 3.2 3.3

Catchment Area Existing Water Usage Post Development Usage

________________________________________

3.1 Catchment Area 3.1.1

Existing Catchment

Area of Site

40,000m

Stands Car parks Other

11,300m 2 4,200m 2 3,600m

Total Existing Catchment

19,100m

3.1.2

2

2

2

Proposed Catchment*

Stands Car parks

14,000m 2 4,200m

2

2

Auxiliary artificial playing surface Gym Multifunctional community centre Playground Retail Museum

5000m 2 170m 2 80m 2 40m 2 80m 2 90m

Other

3000m

Total Proposed Catchment

26,660m

2 2

*Proposed catchment is an estimate based on the provisional space schedule outlined in Section 5.1.5 of principal thesis.

3.2 Existing Water Usage The average household (of 3 persons) uses about 450 litres per day [www.greenvalet.ie] Assume: •

Each of the 281 houses in the stadiums surroundings are on average 3 bedroom houses

•

65% of the water consumption of these houses could be grey water [Studies published by the UK’s Environment Agency]

450 Litres

x

281

x

0.65

=

292.5 L

292.5

=

82,195 L

82,195 L of grey water used by houses in the area per day 30,001,175 L/yr or 30,001 kl/yr

2

Annual Rainwater Yield in Kilkenny = 828.1 L/m /yr [www.worldclimate.com]

828.1 L x 828.1 L

Total Proposed Catchment Area

x

26,660m

2

=

22,027,460 L/yr or 22,027 kl/yr

________________________________________________ Average Surface Correction Factor = 0.9 [www.biotechireland.com] 22,027 kl/yr x

0.9

=

19,824 kl/yr

3.3 Post Development Usage Should such a rain harvesting system be implemented into the redevelopment of Nowlan Park Stadium it could offset the local housing water mains demand by 19,824 litres a year.

30,001 10,177 30,001

- 19,824 x

100 1

=

10,177

=

34%

This would mean a 34% reduction in demand.

Conclusion The above calculations show that a significant impact could be made should such a scheme be incorporated into the redevelopment.

While in reality a percentage of this collected rainwater would be used for the facilities within the development itself, a large proportion would still be available to supply the local area.

By putting a rainwater harvesting system into operation the stadium s development would lead to many social and sustainable improvements in the area. Additionally, with the impending water charges, the system could see economic advantages for the stadium and its neighbors.

Bibliography Web Sources http://maps.osi.ie http://www.floodmaps.ie http://www.topomapper.com http://www.met.ie http://www.worldclimate.com http://www.greenvalet.ie http://www.kilkennycoco.ie http://www.engineersireland.ie http://www.opw.ie http://www.cfram.ie http://www.biotechireland.com

Texts The National Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (PFRA), Engineering Services Office Of Public Works, 2011.

Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA), Part G (Hygiene) of the Building Regulations - Proposed requirement for Dual Flush Toilets, Dept. of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, 2006.

Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study - Regional Drainage Policies - Volume 3 Environmental Management, Dublin Drainage, 2005.

Strategic Flood Risk Assessment, Kilkenny Local Authorities, 2011.

Other Memo to County Manager from Senior Executive Engineer, st Kilkenny Corporation, 31 January 1995