FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS LICENCIATURA EN IDIOMA INGLES
PHONOLOGY PERIODO 5
TEACHER: LIC. JULIO ANIBAL BLANCO STUDENT: 1. LANDAVERDE ZARPATE, ARMANDO ERNESTO
SECCIÓN: 01
SAN SALVADOR, 04 DE DICIEMBRE DE 2015
ID: 31-2088-2014
INTRODUCTION This album is structured with the final purpose that the student can to learn more about of the subject Phonology and It will be easier for the student, do you remember that phonology is the study of the distribution and patterning of speech sounds in a language and of the tacit rules governing pronunciation. The phonological system or the body of phonological facts of a language. This album is divided in different parts that they make it easier for student learning in the subject phonology, it is divided in: Consonants (a speech sound produced by occluding with or without releasing (p, b; t, d; k, g) Vowels (a speech sound produced without occluding, diverting, or obstructing the flow of air from the lungs (opposed to consonant ). Suprasegmentals (pertaining to or noting features of speech, as stress, pitch, and length, that accompany individual consonants and vowels and may extend over more than one such segmental element; pertaining to junctural and prosodic features. Phonology will improve your pronunciation and your grammar and fluency, you will know different rulers and you will have a long way to go in this career.
Welcome to Phonology
INDEX
Content
CONSONANTS Is the speech that you produce and you give strength in a consonant in this case the consonant ins divided in t, d, m, n, p, and the other phonemes that you can study in this album, for that you produced a good speech you should to learn the vocal tract and you should study the different parts that up the vocal tract. Example of vocal tract:
The consonant are divided in: Place of Articulation Bilabial: This is produced with the lips together (Check the picture of Vocal Tract) Examples: p, m, b, and w
Labiodental: this is produced that lower lip and upper teeth (Check the picture of Vocal Tract) Examples: f, v
Alveopalatal: this is produced with the blade of the tongue and touch alveolar ridge (Check the picture of Vocal Tract) Examples: S, 3, tS, dz
Alveolar: This is produced with the tongue touching or close to the alveolar ridge (Check the picture of Vocal Tract) Examples: t, d, n, s, z, l
Interdental: This is produced with the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth (Check the picture of Vocal Tract)
Velar: This is produced with the tongue touching or close to the alveolar ridge (Check the picture of Vocal Tract)
Glottal: This is produced the upper part of the larynx, between the vocal cords. (Check the picture of Vocal Tract) Examples: h
The consonant are divided in: Manner of Articulation The degree of obstruction or the type of channel imposed upon the passage of air at a given place of articulation, as denoted by such categories as stop, fricative, nasal, and semivowel.
The consonant are divided in: Voicing Voice = No vibration Voiless= Vibration
Practice: Classify the following phonemes Phoneme /b/ /s/ /p/ /m/ /v/ /S/ /tS/ /dz/ /w/ /h/ /n/ /r/ /d/ /z/ /t/ /k/ /g/
Place
Manner
Voicing
VOWELS This sound is characterized by the absence of friction-causing obstruction in the vocal tract, allowing the breath stream free passage. The timbre of a vowel is chiefly determined by the position of the tongue and the lips
Practice: Give three examples for each vowel
SUPRASEGMENTALS
1-Ellipsis: When the unstressed are not to /d/ and the omitted the schwas. Examples Favorite Probably Opera Average 2- Schwas: This is divided in: •
/^/ in this schwas is the stressed in the word when is a multisyllabic
Examples:
Much= /m^tS/
•
Done /d^n/
/3r/ = is a combination of ^ + r
Examples
Word= /w3rd/
•
Hurt /h3rt/
/Ə/ = is in the unstressed in the vowels
Examples
•
/Ə/
/Ə/
Ago
Soda
/ɚ/ = is a combination of Ə + r /ɚ/ Sugar
/ɚ/ After
Practice Give trees examples of each Schwas
3- Assimilation = is when two sounds come together and change or melt into a new sound in your speech in phonetics Examples: •
/t/ + /y/ = /tS/ “Nice to meet you” meet + you /mi:t ju:/ = /mi:tʃu:/
•
/d/ + /y/ = /d3/ “would you like some tea? “ would + you /wʊd ju:/ = /wʊdʒu:/
•
/s/ + /y/ = /S/ “special” /speʃəl/
•
/z/ + /y/ = /3/ “treasure” /treʒʊə*/
Practice Give one examples for each assimilation
CLUSTERS A consonant cluster is a group or sequence of consonants that appear together in the words Consonant clusters consist of four major categories:
• r-clusters • s-clusters • l-clusters • 3 letter clusters
HOMOGRAPHS The best definition is a list of words that are spelled the same way, but have different this list is different meanings. Examples: "Advocate" can be pronounced with a long "a" sound and mean “to speak or write in support of”
"Advocate" can also be pronounced with a short "a" sound and refer to a person who supports or pleads the cause of another. Give other examples of Homographs
HOMOPHONES The best definition is that sounds the same but do not mean the same ("same sound"). But is different. Examples: •
air
•
aisle isle
•
bare bear
heir
Practice: Give other examples of Homophones
MINIMAL PAIRS
A minimal pair is a pair of words with ONE phonemic difference only. Examples:
CONCUSION •
The Phonology is the best subject because you can to learn and improve your speech and to know more vocabulary and is very important that you practice all the topics of this album because it will be that you can to improve your speech.
•
For this career is very important that you practice in your home or practice with your parents, friends or if you prefer with your teacher, all the time you should practice more and more.
•
If you have problems with something of the topics you should to learn and to study more and more.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Baker, A. (n.d.). Pronunciation Pairs . Cambridge Dictionaries Online. (n.d.). http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/
Retrieved
Noviembre
30,
2015,
from
Dictionary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved diciembre 2, 2015, from http://dictionary.reference.com/ English
Club . (n.d.). Retrieved diciembre 1, https://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/homophones-list.htm
2015,
from