FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS DEPARTAMENTO DE INGLES
TOEFL EXCERCISES – SKILLS 30 - 40
TEACHER: JULIO ANIBAL BLANCO
STUDENT: LANDAVERDE ZARPATE, ARMANDO ERNESTO
31-2088-2014
DUE DATE: FEBRUARY, 9th 2019
SKILLS 30 – AFTER HAVE, USE THE PAST PARTICIPLE You need to be carefully because when you see a helping verb like : have - has - have - had, immediately the next verb will be in the past participle form. see the next examples: Maria had break the window Juana has take the exam
what are the mistakes?
In those examples: the verb after the auxiliary verb is in present an it will be in past participle. The correctly sentences will be the next Maria had broken the window
-
Juana has taken the exam
But there are exceptions for example when you have a subject an a past participle, you need to add the verb have, the common problem is with those type of verbs (sing, sang, sung) because the structure is the same in all the forms that the only word that change is the vowel. see the examples:
Can be:
Susana sung yesterday at night club
Susana sang yesterday at night club or Susana has sung yesterday at night club
you need to follow the next structure for completing the correct sentences using past participles: VERBS FORM AFTER HAVE HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Exercises: Indicate if the sentences are correct ( C) or incorrect (I), if the sentence is incorrect, rewrite the sentence in the correct form: 1 – Guys have graduate from university ______ _____________________________________________________ 2 – The secretary having ran at morning ______ _______________________________________________________ 3- Tom has eat breakfast at work ____ ________________________________________________________
SKILL 31: AFTER BE, USE THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE OR THE PAST PARTICIPLE We have many types of verb be for example: am, is are, was, were, be been, being. you can structure a sentence using verb be followed by another verb, but don't that this verb will be in present participle or the past participle. see the next examples: Jorge is make the cake
Where are the mistakes?
They were drink soda at morning Correct sentences Jorge is making the cake They were drunk soda at morning •
There is a structure that you need to follow for making those type of sentences VERB BE AND PRESENT / PAST PARTICIPLE BE + 1 – PRESENT PARTICIPLE 2 – PAST PARTICIPLE
EXERCISE: Indicate if the sentences are correct ( C) or incorrect (I), if the sentence is incorrect, rewrite the sentence in the correct form: 1 – The post on facebook is dangerous for us _____ ______________________________________________________________ 2- They were took the breakfast at university _______ _____________________________________________________________ 3 – My mother is eating pupusas with my boyfriend ____ _____________________________________________________________
SKILL 32: AFTER WILL, WOULD, OR OTHER MODALS, USE BASE FORM OF THE VERB You need to know the modals of auxiliary such as: will, would, shall, can, should, could, may, might, or must, you need to write after the verb in a base form. See the next examples: Mary will cleaning the bathroom
Where are the mistakes?
Pedro must giving the gift correct sentences Mary will clean the bathroom Pedro must give the gift
For this type of sentences, there is a structure that you need to follow: VERBS FORMS AND MODALS MODAL + BASE FORM OF THE VERB EXERCISE: Indicate if the sentences are correct ( C) or incorrect (I), if the sentence is incorrect, rewrite the sentence in the correct form. 1 – The new tv program should being amazing ______ _______________________________________________________ 2- My father will come late for my birthday ______ _______________________________________________________ 3 – I could passed the exam for this class _______ ________________________________________________________
SKILL 33: KNOW WHEN TO USE THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT One problem that students have in the TOEFL exam is that they confuse and mixes the present and the past in the same sentence, maybe in spanish you can make this mistake but it is impossible to do an activity in past and express this sentence in past. But there is this problem for example I cleaned very well at morning when my mother arrive with the dog. The mistake in this sentence is the second verb because arrive should be in past, since the sentence is in past. I cleaned very well at morning when my mother arrived with the dog. But there is a solution for making a good sentence using the present and the past, you need to use the logical for making this type of sentence for example: I know that I cleaned very well a few minutes ago. I know is in present and the action is in past But there is a structure for making this type of sentence USING PAST AND PRESENT IF THE FIRST VERB IS IN PAST – THE OTHER VERB WILL BE IN PAST IT IS POSSIBLE TO GET A CORRECT SENTENCE USING PAST AND PRESENT BUT USING A LOGICAL SEQUENCE IF YOU SEE THE PAST AND PRESENT BUT IT DOESN’T A LOGICAL SEQUENCE, THE SENTENCES IS WRONG EXERCISE: Indicate if the sentences are correct ( C) or incorrect (I), if the sentence is incorrect, rewrite the sentence in the correct form. 1- I said the situation but he told me another thing. ____ __________________________________________________________ 2 – My mother cooked pupusas when my father bought pizza. _______ ___________________________________________________________ 3 – You need this money but you do another treatment _________ ___________________________________________________________
SKILL 34: USE HAVE AN HAD CORRECTLY
The past participle is used with the verb have (have / has / had) to create the present and past perfect tenses. The past participle form is also used to modify nouns and pronouns. One example is the phrase sliced bread. The past participle is usually the same as the past tense form. Only some irregular verbs have a past participle that is different than their past tense form. Examples: We have lived downtown. They have helped me. He has lived downtown. (Action is finished at the time it is written.) He has worked for three hours. (Action started in the past and is still going on.) She has always written in a diary. (Action started in the past but continues now.) There are a structure for following and make this type of sentence:
EXERCISE: Indicate if the sentences are correct ( C) or incorrect (I), if the sentence is incorrect, rewrite the sentence in the correct form. 1- They haven't lived here for years. ____ __________________________________________________________ 2- Has you just finished work? _____ __________________________________________________________ 3- The train had just left when I arrived at the station. _____ __________________________________________________________
SKILL 35: USE THE CORREC TENSE WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS Time expressions indicate the tense. Here is a quick overview of the different time expressions and the tenses used with them. Examples: I walked to work yesterday.
(one day before today)
Yesterday, I walked to work.
Darren finished university in 1990. In 1990, Darren finished university.
We have a structure for making this skill
(a specific period of time, event, or point in the past)
SKILL 36: USE THE CORRECT TENSE WITH WILL AND WOULD Will is used when discussing situations with the simple future verb form. It is used in statements that have to do with the future. Examples: They will have two extra meetings this afternoon. I will be thirty next year. When we ask someone to do something for us, or when we need to ask something about the future, the word will be a good word to use. Examples: Will you tell Jane that we expect her for dinner? Will you copy these files and print them for all the students, please? Technically, would is the past tense of will, but it is an auxiliary verb that has many uses, some of which even express the present tense. Would have is a bit more difficult because it has two common structures. The first is with but. I would have A, but I had to B. Use this structure to show that you wanted to do something in the past, but you could not. It can be used in the following ways: I would have to say that you're acting a bit immature. Here would has a similar meaning to do but less emphatic. Structure for building this type of sentence: VERB WILL
WOULD
USING CORRECT TENCES WITH WILL AND WOULD MEANING USE AFTER THE PRESENT DO NOT USE WITH THE PAST AFTER THE PAST
DO NOT USE WITH PRESENT
Would is using for polite requests and questions Would you open the door, please? (more polite than: Open the door, please.) Would you go with me? (more polite than: Will you go with me?)
SKILL 37: USE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE PASSIVE The passive form (voice) of verbs is made with the appropriate tense of BE + the past participle: For example: English is spoken here. Only verbs which take an object (transitive verbs) can be put into the passive. (for example: Tom catches the ball. / The ball was caught by Tom.) Verbs that have no object (intransitive verbs) such as: come, go, happen, live, sleep, etc. cannot be put into the passive. Please note that the Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect Continuous and the Future Continuous are not usually used in the passive form. We use the active form of a verb to say what a subject does: The chef cooks food every day. We use the passive form to say what happens to the subject: Food is cooked every day. The subject of a passive verb corresponds to the object of an active verb : Food is cooked every day. (Passive). The chef cooks food every day. (Active)
SKILL 38: RECOGNIZE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEANINGS The active voice is more direct and vigorous than the passive. With the active voice, you learn ‘who’ or ‘what’ is responsible for the action at the beginning of the sentence. In other words, when the subject acts, the verb is active. She wrote the letter. With the passive voice, you either learn at the end of the clause or sentence who is responsible for the action or you aren’t told at all. • •
The letter was written by the manager. The decision was made.
The passive is appropriate: • • • •
For typical situations Robots are used for repetitive action. To avoid direct responsibility For emphasis
Example: The yellow car was destroyed by the bus. (not the blue car) To identify the passive voice: Find the verb and ask ‘who or what performed the action? – if the ‘who or what that performed the action’ is at the beginning of the sentence, the sentence is active Look for the word by, which is often an indication of the passive. (The action was performed by management.)
You can change the passive to the active by: Changing the word order Passive: The memo was sent by the manager. Active: The manager sent the memo. Supplying a ‘doer’ for the verb Passive: The method was ruled out. Active: The manager ruled out the method.
SKILL 39: USE THE CORRECT SINGULAR OR PLURAL NOUN Plural nouns are words used to indicate that there is more than one person, animal, place, thing, or idea. The difference between singular and plural nouns is simple once you know what to look for. Here, we take a look at singular and plural nouns, providing both singular nouns examples and plural noun examples to help you recognize plural nouns when you see them. The difference between singular and plural nouns is easy to spot. When a noun indicates one only, it is a singular noun. When a noun indicates more than one, it is plural. The following sentences contain singular nouns examples. • • • • • • •
The boy had a baseball in his hand. My horse prefers to wear an English saddle. That cat never seems to tire of jumping in and out of the box. You stole my idea and didn’t give me any credit. Your mom is going to be upset about that broken lamp. It’s not difficult to grow a tree as long as you give it plenty of water. I can’t believe you let your dog stick his head out the window while you drive.
The following sentences contain plural noun examples. • • • • • •
The boys were throwing baseballs back and forth between bases. Our horses are much happier wearing lightweight English saddles. Those cats never seem to tire of chasing one another in and out of those boxes. You stole my ideas and didn’t give me any credit. Our moms are going to be upset that we stayed out all night going to parties. It’s not too difficult to grow trees as long as you provide them with plenty of water.
SKILL 40: DISTINGUISH COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS Countable: Anything that can be counted, whether singular – a dog, a house, a friend, etc. or plural – a few books, lots of oranges, etc. is a countable noun. • • • • • •
There are at least twenty Italian restaurants in Little Italy. Megan took a lot of photographs when she went to the Grand Canyon. Your book is on the kitchen table. How many candles are on that birthday cake? You have several paintings to study in art appreciation class. There’s a big brown dog running around the neighborhood.
Uncountable: Anything that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun. Even though uncountable nouns are not individual objects, they are always singular and one must always use singular verbs in conjunction with uncountable nouns. • • • • • •
There is no more water in the pond. Please help yourself to some cheese. I need to find information about Pulitzer Prize winners. You seem to have a high level of intelligence. Please take good care of your equipment. Let’s get rid of the garbage.