ENVIRONMENTAL Canada's top award-winning environmental magazine
September 1996 7—r
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Secchl Disks help cottagers monitor lake water quality Are membranes the future for wastewater treatment?
Regina chooses trenchless for sewer rehabilitation Remediation of former missile sites
Waterborne parasites - Part II Biological nutrient removal
•
'
FOR A SAFE ENVIRONMENT CALL US! Turbidity/Suspended Solids Analyzer and Sensors
Blanket Level Detectors No moving parts, no
The Royce Model
maintenance, no re-
7011 Suspended Sol ids Analyzer provides
calibration required. Reliable micro-proc
reliable, continuous
ics.
operation in waste treatment plants, riv
Continuously moni
ers, lakes and other
essor based electron
aqueous systems, A
tors and controls in terface level in tanks.
user friendly text
Numerically displays interface depth in
screen provides menu
feet, meters or per
strument will read in
centage of total tank depth, Displays either depth of interface or distance from surface to interface.
liter or density per centage and is auto-ranging. With features that include
driven setup. The in
Graphically displays full-depth interface profile on panel-mounted LCD graphical display. Trending Capability.
Applications: • Waste Treatment
• Any tank with a liquid/solid
• Petroleum
interface
• Pulp & Paper
Parts Per Million
Dissolved Oxygen Analyzers
• Mining
either milligrams per insitu calibration, automatic color compensation (Patent Pending), true microprocessor operation, and automatic ambient light compensation (Patent Pending). The Model 72 sensor is for low ranges commonly experienced in ef fluent streams (0-500 mg/l). The Model 73 submersible sensor is for medium ranges typically found in aeration basins (0-30,000 mg/L). The Model 74 in-line sensor is for higher ranges, such as WAS and RAS line applications (080,000 mg/l).
Microprocessor-based dissolved oxygen analyzers with features such as automatic cali bration, self-diagnostics, stepped current output control, low cost multi-channel electronics, and low maintenance seif-cleaning probes. Four channei conversion available. Request Bulletins 9010/ 9040 and 94.
Circle 250 on Reader Service Card
Circle 251 on Reader Service Card
Circle 252 on Reader Service Card
Amperometric Chlorine Residual Analyzer
Portable instrumentation for pH,
Continuous Monitoring For
ORP, SS, Interface Level and DO
Gas and Fire
These Battery operated port able Analysers are rugged, water-proof and completely submersible. They are de signed for reliable remote op eration In Waste Treatment
-ra-n
Plants, rivers, lakes, etc. The
Model 500 pH/ORP Is avail able with an assortment of
-
Sensor styles. The Model 900 PPM DO System with the reliable Royce Model 95 galvanic DO Cell, and Model 711 Portable Suspended Sol ids/Interface Analysers are Ideal for remote monitoring in
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13 Wide Operating Range ,(.001 ppm to 100 ppm) 13 Low Maintenance
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Easy to Install Circle 253 on Reader Service Card
aeration basins, short term
The Crowcon Gas Monitor is a Microprocessor controlled Gas Detection System designed in a standard 3 U (5 1/4") 19" Eurocard Rack. The Gas Monitor operates with Crowcon's and other Manufacturers' Gas Detectors, includ
ing infra-red and Gas and flame detector Sensors. Gas
Monitor has a data logging facility which provides for con
diurnal studies and laboratory applications. Each product features digital readout, microprocessor based electron ics with self-diagnostics. All models except for the 711 have analogue and RS232 digital outputs.
tinuous recordings of Gas levels. The System is supplied
Circle 254 on Reader Service Card
Circle 255 on Reader Service Card
with self-installing supporting Software which operates in a Windows environment.
Automatic Liquid Sampiing
BUHLER1023 Sampler
Please ask for details on
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Siudge Sampier
Wherever it's Needed
The BUHLER 1023 is an all stainless steel station
ary waslewater sampler, and the newest offering
I from EPIC. Rated for -30°C ambient tempera-
wide Range of Applications
is designed to extract samples
cost effective automatic
geted for permanent in
sampling to assist In monitoring municipal
and outdoor applications. The A.C. powered refrig erated unit can accommo
date various size sample
I collection bottles In glass
of sewage sludge from a flow
ing pipeline or alternatively
The Epic 1011T program mable portable wastewater sampler provides
1 tures, this sampler Is tar stallation in both Indoor
The EPS 1030 Sludge Sampler
ISO 9001 CERTIFIED
from a sludge holding tank via the tank wall. The machine
represents the only really prac
tical method of acquiring sludge samples on a regular basis and is unique In its abil ity to sample sludges contain ing a high level of non-homo
and industrial waste-
water. A general purpose unit designed to extract samples of most liquids including crude sewage and even some sludges from an open source and to deposit them into a
or plastic. An intelligent programmer Is provided which can be off site programmed for multiple sampling; it can also transfer data to and from the sampler's data logger facility. The programmer can be connected directly to a serial printer at site, for printing of data logged In the sampler. ISO 9001 produced.
container or sequentially into an array of 12 or 24 separate containers for sub sequent analysis.
Circle 256 on Reader Service Card
Circle 257 on Reader Service Card
geneous suspended solids.
Typicai Applications: • Anaerobic digester feeds/ contents/outputs
• Mechanical
dewatering
device feeds
EPS 1030
Sludge Sampler
• Road tanker loading/dis charge terminals
• Sea tanker loading terminals • Consolidation tank feeds ISO 9001 CERTIFIED
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EXCLUSIVE CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVE
CANCOPPAS LIMITED 1045 SOUTH SERVICE ROAD WEST, OAKVILLE, ONTARIO L6L 6K3 TELEPHONE:(905)847-2740 FAX:(905)827-6984 For more information, circie reply card No. 259
ISSN-0835-605X President STEVE DAVEY
August/September '96 Vol. 9 No. 4 Issued September, 1996
CONTENTS
Publisher TOM DAVEY
Managing Editor SANDRA DAVEY Sales Manager PENNY DAVEY (905) 727-4666 Western Canada and
Western US Rep, RON CANTON (604) 274-3849 Office Manager DENISE SIMPSON Sales Rep. COLLEEN DAVEY Circulation VIRGINIA MEYER Publisher's Asst. KATHLEEN CARIGNAN
Technical Advisory Board Robert B. Baker, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. Totten Sims Hubicki Associates
Jim Bishop MDS Dr. Pierre Beaumier
NOVAMANN (Ontario) Inc. Alan Church, C.Chem,
Church & Trought George V. Crawford, P.Eng., M.A.Sc. CH2M Gore & Storrie Ltd.
Dr. Howard Goodfellow Goodfellow Consultants Ltd.
Rod Holme, P.Eng. Proctor & Redfern Ltd.
Don Kemp, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. MacVIro Consultants
Peter Laughton, M.Eng., P.Eng., DEE R.V. Anderson Associates
Dr. Earl Shannon, P.Eng.
Sex, lies and videotapes — do TV journalists really cover their subjects? Editorial Comment by Tom Davey 5 Anti-fouiing system protects valves, pumps and pipes in N.S. ... 18 Corrosion protection for valves and pumps
19
is high priced disposal a thing of the past? 21 Regina chooses trenchless for domestic sewer rehabilitation .... 22
LCA should be considered for ail infrastructure purchases Municipal sewage and water systems are in a state of crisis Aircraft de-icing facility uses corrugated polyethylene drainage pipe Water industry challenge — waterborne parasites — Part ii Beware the cysts of March UV not only deans water, it destroys viruses and purifies air
26 30
42
Are membranes the future for wastewater treatment?
44
How the U.K. is cleaning oily water
46
32 35 40
Bioiogicai treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters for nutrient removal
48
New techniques for the reduction of unaccounted-for water
52
Environmental assessment and remediation of former missile sites in Ukraine
56
CRA Consultants
Environmental Science & Engineering is a bi-mcnttily business publication pub lished by Environmental Science & Engi neering Publications Inc. An all Canadian publication, ES&E provides authoritative editorial coverage of Canada's municipal and industrial environmental control sys tems and drinking water treatment and dis
Lessons learned in applying provincial guidelines to a mature subwatershed
61
Effective environmental management demands a "preparedness audit"
86
Computerized operations and maintenance manuals improve performance and costs
88
Canadian Titanic explorer to open WEFTEC '96 in Dallas
93
tribution.
ES&E's readers include consulting engi neers, industrial plant managers and en gineers, key provincial and federal envi ronmental officials, wafer and wastewater treatmenf plant operators and contractors.
Check out our new web site
http://www.esemag.com
Canadian Pubiications Mail Saies
Product Agreement No. 18197 Second Class Mail
Registration No. 7750
Printed in Canada, by Web Offset Publi cations Ltd. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without writ ten permission of the publisher. Yearly subscription rates: Canada $45.00 for one year, $80.00 for two years, $25.00 per single issue; cheques must accompany subscription orders. (G.S.T. extra) All advertising space orders, copy, artwork, film, proofs, etc., should be sent to: Envi ronmental Science & Engineering,220 Industrial Pkwy. 8., Unit 30, Aurora, Ontario, Canada, L4G 3V6, Tei:(905) 727-4666, Fax:(905)841-7271, E-mail: esemag@istar.ca, web site: http:// www.esemag.com
BBH
Departments Ad Index
94
Product Showcase
64-70
Classifieds
43
R&D News
75-84
Industry Update Literature Revie-ws
6-16 72-74
Datepad
85
Reader Service Card
33
Our cover story. Cottagers can measure the water clarity of their lakes using Secchi Disks supplied by the Ontario Ministry of the Environ ment & Energy in a cost-effective self-help program. Story on page 80. Photos by Tom Davey. Information presented in ES&E is coliected from a variety of sources presumed to be accurate and complete. ES&E cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the information presented. Readers are encouraged to contact authors, agencies and companies directly for verification and/or clarification. Material in ES&E only conveys information and should not be considered as legal or professional advice.
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
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Editorial Comment
By Tom Davey
and videotapes — do TV journalists really cover their subjects?
We practised freelance
writing for many years at a country retreat in
n
kept several horses. Armed with this dual experience, we can confidently vouch for the etymological accuracy of the following items. In the equestrian world, when breed ing concludes,the stallion is said to have covered the mare. On television, when
enviromnental facts are often covered
much the same way as the mare was. The disinformation about environ
mental issues has cost the public far more than it knows. Public hysteria generated by slanted and sensational media cover age has resulted in hundreds of millions being wasted. The Interim WasteAuthor-
mation has been astronomical. A sub
stantial number of proven treatment processes could have been installed for this sum of money and there would be public outrage ifthe real costs ofdistorted media coverage were ever calculated. Good news seems anathema to many television reporters. On the rare occa sion when they do report environmental progress, insertion ofthe conjunction but seems mandatory. For example, a report might say Atlantic Salmon have retumed
Aurora where we also
anchors breathlessly report news stories, they often introduce a reporter, whom they say, has been covering the story. As many scientists know only too well, when the story subsequently unfolds, the
for years, costing many more millions. The cover charge of media disinfor
to the River Thames for the first time in
ity and the Ontario Waste Management Corporation cost Ontarians over $225 million without a spoonful of waste be ing treated or an ounce of solid waste being interred. And it would be easier and cheaper to locate gold, then mine it, than fund the environmental assessments of many landfill proposal hearings which drag on
decades. Then, after an imperceptible pause,the presenter will continue, but enviromnentalists fear that many London ers will still feel it necessary to buy bot tled water for drinking water purposes. As noted, the word but, is a conjunction and conjunctivitis is also the medical name for an eye inflamation, somewhat appropriately known as Pink Eye.
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Environmental Science & Engineering. September 1996
For more information, circie reply card No. 249 (See page 33)
Industry Update
vironmental issues as Canada welcomes
shops and special events, as well as an exhibition ofimportant achievements in the area of protection ofbiodiversity and sustainable development, will be held within the Congress' theme of "Caring for the Earth". These events will be open to the public from October 17 to 21 at
some 2,000 participants from over 130
the Montreal Convention Centre.
countries to the World Conservation
Among those who have confirmed that they will be participating are Maurice Strong,environment adviser to the president of the World Bank; Sir Martin Holdgate, former lUCN Direc-
World Conservation
Congress coming to Montreal From October 13 to 23, Montreal will
be the site of discussions on global en
Congress. On this occasion, the World Conser
vation Union(lUCN)will be holding its 20th general assembly. Thematic work
tor General; Dr. Stephan Schmidheiny who founded the World Business Coun
cil for Sustainable Development; William Ruckelshaus, former adminis trator of the US EPA; Elizabeth
Dowdeswell, the Canadian Under-Sec
retary-General of the United Nations; and Sir Shridath Ramphal, former sec retary-general of the Commonwealth and member of the Brundtland Commis sion.
For further information, Tel: (514) 287-9107 or 1-800-691-8426.
EMSL opens fourteenth lab EMSL Analytical Inc., headquartered in
Technology Works!
Westmont, NJ, has added EMSL ofBuf-
falo, NY to its national laboratory net
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OPCEA comes of age at 21st annual meeting
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Penny Davey (right), 1995/96 OPCEA President, receives her Past-President's
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ES&E's Penny Davey finished her term
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Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
are Canadian-made..
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Terminal City provides you with a complete fitting line-
Compact Ductile Iron—AWWA C153, 4 inch through 16 inch; DITYT® or DIMECH®
Ductile Iron and Grey Iron-AWWA CllO, 4 inch through 24 inch; TYTON Mechanical Joint to 30 inch
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•
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For more information, circle reply card No. 248(See page 17)
Industry Update Clarke Transport
$2,500 to the ECC. He received the sen tence for violation of section 40 of the
Canada fined and an
Environmental Protection Act.
employee gets jail term
Mark Gettins(not a Clarke employee) who, along with John Done,transported A Newmarket, Ont. court sentenced a the drums, was sentenced to 10 days in Clarke Transport Canada employee to jail and fined $3,500. 90 days in jail for illegally disposing of Richard Case,operations manager of liquid waste and another man to 10 days the Toronto Terminal, was fined $6,000. in jail for transporting the waste.
technology(21% were private serviceproviders, 11% public utilities, 10% operators of environmental and waste disposal facilities in industry,8% opera tors of public facilities, etc). A further 17% of the trade visitors came from the sector that manufacmres envirorunental
and waste disposal technology. Fifty-one percent ofIFAT exhibitors polled intended to take orders during the fair. When asked if they had achieved their trade fair aims, exhibitors gave IFAT 96 above-average ratings.
Clarke Transport Canada Inc., of Record participation Concord, was ordered to pay a total of reported $89,999, including a contribution to the IFAT 96 reported a record number of Environmental Compensation Corpora IFAT 99 will be held at the New tion(ECC). The Crown corporation had exhibitors- more than 1,800 companies Munich Trade Fair Centre in Munichreimbursed the municipality which car (+16%)from 36 countries-and more than Riem from May 4-8, 1999. Contact: ried out the cleanup of the liquid waste. 10,000 trade visitors from 85 countries. According to a survey, 92% of the (416) 291-6359. In order to avoid the cost oflegal dis visitors polled said IFAT 96 was "good" posal, approximately 13 drums contain Hong Kong goes to "excellent". The features which visi ing hazardous materials were first aban doned at night in Brampton, and later tors mentioned most frequently were the underground for refuse transported to Hagersville. One dmm scope and completeness ofthe range of processing leaked a small quantity of liquid onto exhibits, the presence of market leaders, Hong Kong's first underground waste and the fair's role for the entire sector. the ground, contaminating the soil. compaction facility, will boost the colo Attention was focused on sewage treat The discharge was successfully con ny's refuse handling capabilities without tained and cleaned up by the town of ment, solid waste treatment, recycling, taking up valuable commercial land. The and sewers and drains. Haldimand at a cost of $9,837. $50 million(Cdn.)waste transfer station, The survey showed that 67% of the John Done, manager of Health and to be known as Hong Kong Island West, visitors, totalling more than 100,000, Safety for Clarke Transport was sen will be housed in two giant caverns some came from different areas ofapplication tenced to 90 days in jail, six months pro 60 metres underground. The 27 metre bation, and was ordered to reimburse of waste disposal and environmental span of each of them is believed to be the largest in this part of the world. Hong Kong Island West has been de signed to compact up to 1,000 tonnes ofrefuse a day, which is then container ised for shipment elsewhere and dis posal as landfill. The mammoth project is being tackled on behalf of Swire BFI Waste Services for the Hong Kong Gov ernment's environmental protection de
Coming next spring!!!
1997 Ontario Environmental
Expo and Conference March 13-14,1997
partment.
Meet Ontario's key environmental protection professionals at the Ontario Environmental Exposition. Exhibitors will include manufacturers, distributors and
service companies who provide products and services to effectively manage and control hazardous, dangerous,toxic materials, air pollution, site remediation, groundwater cleanup and industrial wastewater. Products and services will relate to treatment systems,
remediation, protection, detection, transportation, handling, disposal, training, education, health, safety, emergency response, regulation compliance, engineering, testing and
The alternative design avoided the conventional long, deep excavation approach, and it had the advantage of compactness.
Site work started in May 1995 and Trafalgar used a number of drill and blast rigs to excavate within the hard and abrasive volcanic tuff. The plant is ex pected to be ready for service in mid1997. Another project is reported to be pending in the same rock type but this time the aim is to create an underground water reservoir.
information services.
This event is being hosted by Great West Expo, Inc., producers of EnvironmentalTrade Shows for over 10 years.
ADDENDUM Rita Adrlenne, B.Sc., M.B.A. was one of the authors of the article "The
For further details contact:
City ofKelowna embarks on a water metering public/private partnership", which appeared on page 32 of the
Great West Expo, Inc. Tel: (403) 254-9222, Fax:(403) 256-8495
Reserve your exhibit space now!!
June 1996 issue of Environmental
Science & Engineering magazine.
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
ince 1974 Aco has been
providing industry quality plastic(HDPE/XLPE/LLDPE) and FRP storage containers and containment basins. All containers
and basins are designed and built to meet your individual requirements. To our existing customers, we thank you for your continued support. If you are not familiar with Aco call 1-800-542-9942 or fax 1-800-542-4722
and we will send you a complete information package. f
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*Pour le service a la clientele contacter Matthieu Tanguay, ext. 25 For more information, circle reply card No. 262(See page 33)
ISO 9002 CERTIFIED
Industry Update ES&E Publisher wins top honour at 1996 Canadian Business Press award banquet On June 4, at the University of Toronto, Tom Davey was named the 1996 winner of The Harvey Southam Editorial Career Award at the culmination of the Canadian Business
Press Awards banquet. The citation read: "Tom Davey has repeatedly demonstrated leadership in both publishing and the environment industry. His work ranges from learned papers and presentations, to newspaper articles and broadcasts that translate complex issues into plain language without losing scien tific accuracy. He has worked as a jour nalist in England, Australia, and Canada, in newspapers, magazines, and as an editor for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. "As editor of Water & Pollution Control(W&PC)maga zine, he won the first of his many awards for an investigative story written in 1968 that linked detergent phosphates with eutrophication of the Great Lakes and other waterways. In 1970 he became the first person outside the United States to win the prestigious J.H. Neal Award from the American Business Press in New York. He won a second Neal in 1982.
"The Washington-based Water Environment Federation
presented the Schlenz Medal to him in 1980, in Las Vegas, Nevada; again he was the first person outside the United States to win this award.
"Later, the Canadian engineering profession commissioned
him to write the script for its centenary filnt: The Invisible Profession. This film, in French and English, was shown across Canada during the Canadian Engineering Centennial year in 1987. "In 1988, the Davey family launched a new magazine. Environmental Science & Engineering. Tlie AWWA hon oured the magazine with a special citation in 1996 in Wind sor, Ontario.
"The effects of Tom Davey's writing have reached far beyond the enviroinnental community. Over the years, many of his articles have been published by Canadian newspapers, including the Toronto Sun, The Toronto Star, The Globe and Mail, Kingston Whig Standard. Muskoka Sun Group, and many others. These articles have drawn the country's atten tion to key environmental issues that affect notjust everyone today, but future generations." The Harvey Southam Editorial Career Award is named in honour of the man who was viewed by many as both a champion ofeditorial quality and a carmg human being. Spon sored by Southam Magazine and Information Group, the Harvey Southam Editorial Career Award recognizes the life time editorial achievement of a businessjournalist. The win ner must have the highest editorial standards and be recog nized for his or her contributions to the Canadian Business
Press tradition of distinguished editorial initiative, leadership and integrity.
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Why do over 200 _
municipalities in Ontario use the Ontario Clean Water Agency for their water and wastewater services?
Consistent, Reliable Service Open, Responsive Communications Local Customized Attention
Competitive Pricing The Ontario Clean Water Agency (OCWA) is the largest supplier of water and wastewater services In the province, serving almost 5 million Individual consumers. For more than 40 years, we have provided con sistent, reliable service to our clients.
Today OCWA Is changing In ways that will redefine client service In the Industry. We are committed to setting a new standard for service
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The changes we are making will have a positive Impact on productivity. We are positioning OCWA to offer clients value-added service at competitive prices.
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Industry Update Two men jailed for [llegal waste disposal
17 at Old City Hall in Toronto. Quirino Antonio Lopes also received a $75,000 fine for three counts under the Environ
mental Protection Act(EPA).
site For the second time in less than a month, Quirino Antonio Lopes, 65, was sen tenced to jail for charges related to ille gal waste disposal sites. His son, Kenny Lopes, also received a one month jail term for a charge related to an adverse effect from the operation of an illegal waste disposal site. Justice ofthe Peace Peter O'Donnell passed sentence June
Earlier in the month Quirino Antonio
Lopes was sentenced to 90 days in jail and his son Dale Lopes was sentenced to 15 days in jail for violating a court injunction prohibiting them from waste management activities and for failing to clean up a Mississauga property used as
All charges relate to the operation of an illegal waste disposal site at East Lib erty Street, in Metropolitan Toronto. The property is owned by the Canadian an illegal waste site. National Railway(CNR)and was used MacDonald elected by the defendants as a waste disposal site without the prior knowledge of the CEO chairman CNR. The offences took place between Eric A.D. MacDonald, M.Sc., P.Eng., April 13, 1995 and July 6, 1995. has become chairman of the Consulting
THE FUTURE OF
WASTE WATER
DERRICK
SCREENING
CORPORATION
Engineers of Ontario (CEO) after an ill ness prevented Michael Provart from assuming the role. Eric MacDonald is the inaugural president of Acres & Associated Environmental Limited, a company newly formed in 1996 by the
merger of Associated Engineering (Ont.) Ltd. and the Environmental Group of Acres International. In his address at the CEO Annual
mm
Meeting, he discussed the changing markets which are developing in the consulting industry and a responsive strategy for success. "The new markets
which are presenting themselves require
aste water slurry being fed into a errick Flo-Line screening machine.
DERRICK
FLO-LINE SCREENING MACHINE
successful consultants not only to retain and update their technical skills, hut also to develop new skills in the areas of fi nancing, management, marketing, total quality management, and business de velopment," he said. Editor's note.
andsi
â&#x2013; 'on corporations control B.O.D.
Bemand) discharges reatment costs, have ous need for efficient,
effectiveieauiDment to
tpp soli^^cSncentraatioh, with over 40 g experience, is now
We were saddened
when Mike Provart, a Vice President of Dillon, tireless worker for the AWWA and a former member of ES&E's Advi sory Board, passed away recently after a long illness. His contributions to our industry will be greatly missed.
XCG announces merger
RecoVei^Sf:processed a waste water stream
0i43MM urethane sc
Effective October 1, XCG Consultants
ifftis equipment teqi
Limited and its operating companies,
og
W20 Inc., XCG Enviromnental Services
brldwf
Inc., and XCG Environmental Manage ment Systems, will he integrating opera tions into a single company. K
epvery of:
The new XCG Consultants Limited
will offer existing and future clients the benefit of expertise in a full range of environmental services in four offices in
Mississauga, Kitchener, Kingston and Vancouver.
THURSTON MACHINE INC.
COLLETTE MINING
DAGEX INC.
1586 Griffiths Place
2925 Miners Ave.
9030 Leslie St. Unit 5
Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B IG2
Kelowna. British Columbia VIZ 2T7
Saskatoon. Saskatchewan S7K 4Z6
Phone: 604-769-3848
Phone:306-683-1966
Phone: 905-771-8400
Fax: 604-769-5859
Fax: 306-931-1 128
Fax: 905-771-891 1
The new president of XCG Consult ants Limited, George Zukovs (W20), together with current XCG principals Stephen Nutt, Richard Rush and Evan Jones (XCG EMS), will lead the new company.
For more information, circle reply card No. 266 (See page 33)
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Industry Update
iniie
Getting cash from old credit cards
Proteus waste water treat
ment system is capable of treating municipal
Credit cards, computer housings, plastic pipe and siding can all be recovered and recycled into high quality vinyl prod ucts. Vinyl re-compounders, like Parma Plastics of Guelph, Ontario, are recycling more than 15 million pounds ofindus trial scrap vinyl each year, generating revenues for compa nies that once considered these materials as waste. "Vinyl scrap is a valuable commodity," says Campbell Hendry, Parma's Materials Manager. "Companies and municipalities that generate substantial quantities of scrap are now selling these materials rather than disposing ofthem in landfills." A regional recycling centre in the City of Brockville, On tario, now collects scrap vinyl and sells it for ultimate conver sion into pipe products. "Many municipalities are now realizing that they can col lect their vinyl scrap materials, have it picked up by a Cana dian vinyl pipe manufacturer, and make a few dollars at the same time," says Frank Yorio, Vice President of Manufactur ing forlPEX Inc. "It definitely makes environmental sense!"
waste water to primary, secondary or tertiary
standards. Proteus provides the system as a ser vice tailored to meet both the treatment and
financial needs of each client. Fees are based on
the type of treatment needed, the quality and quantity of waste water generated, the nature of the installation, and financing as required. The combined technical and financial package is known as the "Proteus Solution."
The
Modular Effluent Treatment System (METS), which is exclusive to Proteus, provides enhanced primary treatment followed by multi-media sand filters, biofilters and an ultra-violet disinfection
system for secondary and tertiary treatment,
Miroslaw Romanowski Medal goes
including a sludge management system.
to WCGR researchers Dr. John A. Cherry and Dr. Robert W. Gillham of the Water loo Centre for Groundwater Research have been awarded the
Miroslaw Romanowski Medal by the Royal Society ofCanada. The medal is awarded for significant contributions to the reso lution of scientific aspects of environmental problems or for important improvements to the quality of an ecosystem in all aspects, terrestrial, atmospheric and aqueous brought about Continued overleaf
F
Advantages
Brocess
Hew subdivisions - at source treatment Closed system - eliminates odour
Small tooturint - efficient, compact system Economical - low operating costs Reliable - modular design Expandable - modular components
Hydromantis can help. We have the people and tools you need to make effective improvements to your wastewater treatment plant. Our engineers are experts at process audits, process optimization, and process design, as well as testing on the desktop, pilot-plant, and full-scale levels. What's more, as the developers of GPS-X and Sim Works, we're experts at using the most advanced modelling tools in the industry to help you get the results you need. Use your money more effectively. It's time for Hydromantis consulting services.
Flexible - modifies to suit treatment Versatile - installation on site Finance nian & service maintenance -
20 to 25 years
'TIEUS
eu
Environmental Systems Inc.
Hydromantis,Inc. ConsulUng Engineers
k
200 - 2415 Pegasus Rd., N.E. Calgary, Alberta, Canada
(90.5; 322-0012
T2E 8C3
fx:(903) 322-0031
Tel: (403) 543- 2399 Fax:(403) 543-2398
info@bydromantis.cm wivw.hydroviantis.cm
For more information, circle reply card No. 267 (See page 33)
For more information, circie repiy card No. 268 (See page 33) 13
Industry Update by scientific means. cycling mills in Canada. These mills Dr. Cherry's work deals with the de recycled over four million tonnes in velopment and implementation of new 1995. approaches including sealable-joint steel The new alliance, to be known as sheet pile cells (Waterloo Barrier), for Paper Recycling Mills of Canada conducting field studies ofsolvent con (PRMC),says even greater paper recov tamination and cleanup. Dr. Gillham has ery is possible. Technological advances invented and conducted the pioneering have meant that more grades of paper research on reactive iron technology, can now be recycled and the industry which is now the leading new technol expects this trend to continue. ogy for controlling solvent contamina The recycling mills of PRMC (On tion with minimal long-term cost and tario) want municipalities to think longer maximum water conservation. term when designing their municipal For more information,contact Leanne contracts. Mills, which represent per Gelsthorpe, Communications Officer, haps 70% by weight ofthe end-markets Waterloo Centre for Groundwater for all "Blue-Box" materials in the prov Research, (519) 885-1211, ext. 2892, ince, have invested millions of dollars email: lgelstho@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca. in cleaning, screening, and de-inking technologies. Tojustify this investment to their vari Paper recycling mills ous shareholders, the mills need to be as form alliance certain as they can be of a continuous Two national industry associations have fibre supply. Municipalities want sta formed an alliance to promote greater ble end-markets and fair market prices. paper recycling across the country. The To a recycling mill, anything short of Paper and Paperboard Packaging Envi a three-year contract is the spot market. ronmental Council(PPEC)and the Pa Three to five-year contracts or longer are per Recycling Section of the Canadian preferred. The benefit to a municipal Pulp and Paper Association(CPPA)to supplier is that it will be assured of a gether represent over 90% of paper re continuous market, says PRMC.
Trojan Technologies Inc. gets $2.2 million contract to supply UV4000â&#x201E;˘ systems to Calgary and Edmonton Trojan Technologies Inc. of London, Ontario, has been awarded contracts
with a total value of approximately $2.2 million to supply large scale ultraviolet disinfection systems to the City of Calgary and the City of Edmonton, Al berta.
Trojan will supply the City ofCalgary with a System UV4000â&#x201E;˘ worth $1.3 million, to be shipped in late 1996. The City of Edmonton has increased its equipment contract, expanding by 33% the previously announced System UV4000^'^ order, to a revised total con tract value of $3.6 million. The rede
signed system will disinfect to a maxi
mum flow of560,000 MVday. Although there were a number ofen
gineering firms involved in the project, the primary contact for the UV Disin fection portion ofthe project was CH2M Gore & Storrie Limited.
HOFFMAN Centrifugal Air/Gas Compressors Si Exhausters Hoffman Multi-stage Centrifugal Compressor & Exhausters are available for requirements to 45,000 CFM,at discharge pressure to 25 psig or 19" Hg vacuum for air & gas service. Hoffman centrifugals _ . have been operating with utmost
reliability and efficiency in many diverse applications such as combustion drying, agitation, fludizing, oxidation vacuum cleaning, sewage aeration, cooling and pneumatic conveying among others for more than 60 years. --(I.-.
Contact us today for free catalog!
HOFFMAN ^8^ liuliislrics of C aitada l.iinilcd
14
58 Bertal Road,
Toronto, Ontario, M6M 4M4,416/763-4681 Fax:(416) 763-0440
For more information, circle reply card No. 271 (See page 33)
Environmental Science & Engineering,September 1996
Industry Update New loading facility kicks off Main Treatment Plant's Biosolids Demonstration Project
Environmental
Preparedness Support Services
Preparedness Audits Plastic curtaining instaiied below each loading hopper helps reduce odours. Photo by Steve Davey
Metro Toronto's new biosolids truck
loading facility, located at the Main Treatment Plant, was officially opened in August. The $3.5 million facility is the first step toward re-use of biosolids, making it possible for Metro Works to divert up to 50 percent ofthe plant's sewage sludge
from incineration.
• Pre-Training • Pre-Planning
• Chemical Management
Terratec Environmental Ltd. will be
using a portion ofthe biosolids for agri cultural land application. Harbour Remediation and Transfer Inc. is work
Response Training
ing on a project with Falconbridge to remediate mine tailings using Metro's
• Practical
biosolids for alkaline stabilization.
• Hands-On
• Site-Specific • Product-Specific • Common Sense
Harmsco'^ Hurricane Filters Cut Filtration Costs Combination cyclone separator and cartridge filter in a single compact design. Separates dense solids prior to cartridge filtration for extended filter life. Single cartridge filter element is easy to remove, clean and replace! • Three models
• Single cartridge element is cleanabie & reusable in most applications • 0.35 to 150 micron ratings
Emergency Plans • Preparedness • Response • Mitigation • Recovery
Site-specific Product-
Specific
• In stock tor immediate delivery For more information:
Tel: (800) 565-5278 Fax:(905)820-4015
Service Filtration
of Canada, Ltd. 4141 Sladeview Crescent / Misslssauga, ON L5L-5T1
For more information, circle reply card No. 264 (See page 33)
MANAGEMENT /NC.
53 Upper Mount Albion Road Stoney Creek, Ontario L8J 2R9 Phone:(905) 578-9666 Fax;(905) 578-6644
For more information, circle reply card No. 263
15
Industry Update Mini-horizontal
Rod Holme to run for AWWA President
directional drilling
the AWWA's record-breaking Annual
manual available
Conference in Toronto in June, he also
The North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT) has announced the availability of a new Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling Manual. "The manual," according to NASTT Chairman Bill Gray,"represents NASTT's initial step in solving a major problem in the Trenchless Technology area — the shortage of trained drill op
commenced his second term as a Vice
erators. The manual can be used as a
President ofAWWA. He wishes to con
tinue this service to the Association by standing for election to become the sev enth Canadian President of AWWA. Rod is a Vice President with the con
sulting firm of Proctor & Redfem, and is also on ES&E's Editorial Advisory Board.
The Ontario Water Works Association
reference text for operator training semi (OWWA)has announced the nomination nars and workshops, and provides the of Rod Holme as a candidate for the necessary background for hands-on field position ofPresident Elect ofthe Ameri training," according to Chairman Gray. can Water Works Association. Rod has served as Chair of OWWA Because they minimize environmen tal and social disruption, and specifically and is currently the Section Director. At traffic delays, trenchless construction comprehensive review ofthe basic prin methods, including horizontal direc tional drilling, often are the preferred ciples involved in mini-horizontal direc tional drilling. Included are illustrations method of infrastructure construction and replacement. These methods are and discussions on safety precautions; being used by utilities to construct or planning, setting up the bore and drill replace communication lines, gas lines, ing the pilot hole; backreaming; drilling and water and sewer lines, rapidly and rod/pipe; tracking; drilling fluid technol ogy; and polyethylene pipe. A glossary economically. The 100-page manual provides a of Trenchless Technology terms is also
OWWAand ES&E wishes Rod every success leading up to the election at the AWWA Board of Directors' Meeting in February 1997. At the AWWA meeting, Steve Bonk, the sixth Canadian to become President, was elected to the AWWA Hall ofFame. included.
Single copies of the manual are $25 forNASTT members.$45 for non-mem bers. Bulk orders of20 or more are $20 per copy.
For additional information or to pur chase the manual, contact (312) 6440828, Fax: (312) 644-8557, E-mail; 75147.2600@compuserve.com.
AGO ASSMAN I'liiMic Tallin
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Drisaipipe'^ piping systems
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hallmark of Driscopipe^ piping systems.
range of applications.
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SANDALE UTILITY PRODUCTS INC.
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plastic Pumps
TREND Thermometers
For more information, circie repiy card No. 282 (See page 33)
PIPE SYSTEMS ^
Brantford, Ontario N3T 5M1
Tel: (519) 754-1366, Fax:(519) 754-4576
© 1995 Phillips Driscopipe,
a division of Phillips Petroleum Company
Offices also in Quebec and Nova Scotia
For more information, circie repiy card No. 270 (See page 33)
Fi%-eiglit reasons. One company. •MANAGEMENT • Single Source Hazardous and Solid Waste Management • Training Services • Waste
Identification and Characterization • Project Supervision • Corporate Sites Program • Compliance Support • Specialized Storage • Preprinted Manifests and Labels • Insite™ Program • Analytical Services • Liabil ity Protection ♦ COLLECTION • Inventory Management • Gas Cylinder Management • Lab Pack Services • Household Hazardous Waste Programs • Lab Pack Consolidation • Small Quantity Pickups • Bulking/Blending • Truck/Rail Transportation Services • Service Centre Network • Parts
Washer Service ♦ RECYCLING • Solvent Recovery • Fuels Blending • Paint Processing and Recycling • Ash Management • Batteries-Oil/Oi l Filter-Fluorescent Tube-Metals Drums ♦ TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL •
Biological • Physical • Sol idification • Thermal • Stabilization • Fixation • Chemicals • Neutralization •
Volume Reduction • Cyanide Destruction • Precipitation • Waste Water Treatment • Secure Landfill • PCB Waste
Services ♦ ON SITE SERVICES • Mobile Dewatering • Thermal Drying • Detoxification • Site and Remediation Cleanup • Asbestos Removal • Tank Management •
Emergency Response • Pipeline Remediation • Industrial Services • Confined Space Entry ♦ MONITORING • Air Monitoring • Industrial Hygiene Monitoring • Computerized Waste Tracking • Environmental Audits • Monitoring Wells
Laidlaw Enviromental Services • Localized Service Across Canada • 1-800-265-5130 or 1-800-361-2209 For more information, circle reply card No. 187(See page 33)
Valve & Pipe Protection
Anti-fouling system protects valves, pumps, pipes and air-conditioning in NS
The air-conditioning systems within the twin office towers
at Purdy's Wharf, one of the most distinctive landmarks
along the waterfront in Halifax, Nova Scotia, have been protected against some of nature's smallest, but most dam
aging creatures - mussels. Like many other buildings in shore I
line locations, the office towers use
seawater as a cooling agent. In the case of Purdy's Wharf, the air-conditioning system is extremely sophisticated and forms part of a computer controlled en ergy management system, designed to optimize electric power consumption. The pumps, piping and valves were made of highly corrosion-resistant
mmii^ :=T.S
materials, but it was realised that mus
sels could be a serious problem if not guarded against and, therefore, the building was originally protected by a chlorine injection system. Later, another solution was provided by Cathelco Ltd., the British specialists in the design and manufacture of electrolytic anti-fouling systems for ships and shoreline appli cations.
Seawater, in volumes of up to 2,500 US gallons per minute, enters the sys tem through submerged inlets on the harbour floor which are 75 feet below the low water mark. It then travels
through two 600 ft. pipelines to the base ofthe towers where it is raised by pumps to the air-conditioning heat exchangers.
The air-conditioning systems in the twin towers of Purdy's Wharf, i-iaiifax. Nova Scotia which use sea water for cooling purposes, are being protected against mus sel growth in pipes and valves by a British made system from Cathelco Ltd.
The Cathelco system prevents barna cles and mussel blockages by using the electrolytic method, avoiding the use of harmful chemicals. Pipework, pumps and ancillary equipment are protected by copper anodes which are fed with an impressed electrical current resulting in the production of copper ions. Although concentrations are less than 24 parts per billion, they are sufficient to prevent cmstacea from settling and multiplying. By locating the anodes at the sea water inlets at Purdy's Wharf, all of the water entering the pipework is dosed
with ions. These are carried through out the system, protecting it against marine growth. Another important reason for the choice of this system was its relative simplicity and safety in operation, and the two to three year pay-back period for the initial capital cost of changing the system. The firm's anti fouling technology has been pioven m over 2.000 marine and shore-based applications. For more information, circle reply card No. 189
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BIGREMEDIATION ON-SITE THERMAL DESORPTION THERMAL MODELLING CONTAMINATEO WATER MANAGEMENT VAPOUR EXTRACTION SYSTEMS
ENC ■r ^
LANOFARMING EXCAVATION & TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENTAL
TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS LTD
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
i
ion Services Deiiver Viiiue for the Futere 134 SOUTH ALBION STREET - AMHERST - NOVA SCOTIA ■ CANADA B4H 2X3
1-800-681-6890 ■ INTERNATIONAL: (902) 661-6890 FAX: (902) 661 -6892 ■ EMAIL: encotec@fox.nstn.ca
For more information, circle reply card No. 188 (See page 33)
Environmenial Science & Engineering. Sepleniher 1996
Corrosion Control
By J.R. Pepin*
Corrosion protection for valves and pumps
In any waterworks infrastructure,
valve and pump maintenance is of paramount importance in maintaining the integrity and ef fective performance ofan operating sys tem. Failure predominantly arises from severe corrosion of the various compo nents within the system; therefore, proper corrosion protection of pipes, valves, pumps,joints and fittings is of prime importance to the operator/owner to reduce operating costs within the sys
>">1 ..
tem.
Pipeline systems, complete with the necessary fittings, joints, valving and pumping components all form the basis of any waterworks infrastructure. The protection ofthis infrastructure from the ravages of corrosion and the associated high costs of maintenance, service and replacement are an on-going concem for the operator. In particular, valve and pump com ponents suffer from the effects of cor rosion early in the process due to dis similarity of metal within the makeup of the fitting, particularly at the area of the bolts and flanges. Corrosion is caused by the attack on these metal com ponents by chemical reactions, electro chemical reactions and by physical proc esses.
The combination of the metal
with water and oxygen forms ferrous oxides(rust) which, over time, will cre ate the corrosion process, destroying the metal itself and continuing until total failure of the system occurs. The System In order to prevent this phenomenon from occurring, external coatings are applied to the valves, pumps, piping, etc. to create a physical barrier between the metal surface and the surrounding en vironment. These coatings must exhibit certain key characteristics; namely, good application properties, good adhesion to the metal, resistance to damage, chemi cal and thermal stability. They must be environmentally inert, and resistant to cathodic disbonding. The coating must totally conform to the profile of the fitting, exhibit high adhesion in order that no displacement of the coating takes place, be robust enough to withstand handling and backfilling procedures,provide no toxic elements which may deteriorate into the environment, and, most importantly, it "Dense North America Inc.
f Coatings provide effective corrosion protection in treatment plant.
must be able to prevent water from en tering between the coating and the fit ting. Most coatings available generally consist of hydrocarbons or chemically stable high polymers. One of the sim plest methods ofeffective and long-term corrosion protection which exhibits all ofthe necessary key characteristics of a coating is the application of petrolatum tape systems. These products, prima rily formulated from petrolatum com pounds, are by-products of the oil re fining industry, and form a stable gel comprising petroleum jelly waxes and napthanic oils. Petrolatum is a chemi cally neutral and stable, inert mixture of hydrocarbons that will not polymerize or oxidize, thereby retaining its water resistant and dielectric properties over an indefinite period. The application procedure for these products consists initially of a minimal surface preparation by hand wire brush ing the valve or fitting to remove any loose surface scale, rust or deleterious
material which may be present. There are two essential steps involved in proper anti-corrosion protection. They are the application of a priming paste and a petrolatum tape. In the case of irregular profiles such as those existing on pipe flanges, fittings or the bolt pat terns on pumps and valves, a third step should be considered which is the fill
ing out of irregular profiles with a mas tic filler prior to overwrapping with pet rolatum tape.
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Priming Paste An initial, liberal application ofprim ing paste is applied to the entire cover age area. The application of the prim ing paste will arrest all existing corro sion and neutralize the metal surface,
while at the same time displacing any moisture present on the surface. This allows operators the ability to apply this system in poor weather conditions, in cluding under water applications. The priming pastes contain passifying agents or additives to promote adhesion and prevent under-rusting of the metal sur face, as well as levelling of threads and
crevices to prevent voids when apply ing mastic or tape. It is to be consid ered essential as the initial step in proper anti-corrosion protection. Mastic Filler
The second stage ofapplication could involve the application of mastic filler. This product is a saturated petroleum hy drocarbon formulated with inert fillers
and fibres, and is used when difficult
contours or profiles such as pumps, bolted valves, couplings, flanges, etc. are present. In order to prevent the en capsulation of air pockets under the fi nal tape wrap, mastic filler is used to smooth the overall profile of the valve or fitting to eliminate recesses around bolt patterns, flanges, etc. prior to wrap ping. It is only used in those applica tions where smoothing of an irregular fitting or profile is required. Petrolatum Tape The final stage in the application is 19
Corrosion Control, cont'd.
OUTERBRIDGE -MlLLER
the wrapping ofthe entire fitting or valve with a petrolatum tape. These tapes are for the most part hand applied and
Sefton • Willms & Shier BARR I STERS
&
will not harden, crack or shrink and can withstand mechani
SOL I C I TORS
cal strain and vibration. They remain permanently pliable, are highly adhesive, durable and are cold applied. Once the
Environmental Management and ISO 14000 Preparedness, Environmental and Waste Management Approvals, Municipal Law, Land Use Planning and Development, Occupational Health and Safety, Environmental and Civil Litigation Toronto
4 King Street West, Suite 900 Toronto, Ontario M5H 1B6
(416) 863-0711 Fax (416) 863-1938 Call Donna Shier
Southwestern Ontario 115 Talbot Street North
priming paste and/or mastic filler have been applied, the tape is then spirally wrapped onto the valve or fitting with a
55% overlap of the tape. It can easily be replaced if re moved to inspect the underlying surface. There is no diying time or curing time and backfilling may commence immedi ately after wrapping is complete. These tapes consist of a stitch-bonded, non-woven syn thetic fibre cloth impregnated with petrolatum compounds to produce a soft, flexible material in tape form of various widths. These petrolatum compounds contain fillers and tem perature extenders as well as moisture dispersants and are available in a wide variety of configurations to suit the ap plication. They exhibit excellent chemical resistance to acids, al kalis, salts and groundwater.
Essex, Ontario N8M 205
Conclusion
(519) 776-9020 Fax (519) 776-9027
Valve maintenance costs on a water infrastructure sys tem that are associated with corrosion fatigue are continu ally escalating. Proper anti-corrosion measures employed at the initial stage ofinstallation will do much to help elimi
Call Kirk Walstedt
nate corrosion related problems. For more information,
circle reply card No. 190
For more information, circle reply card No. 237
COSTER ENGINEERING Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Systems 3^3 13 S □
mm,..
Coster Engineering's Reverse Os mosis Water Treatment Systems in corporate the latest developments in water treatment technologies. We tailor our systems Individually to specifically address each water need. Whether your problem is high TDS, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, sodium ,
Modular, Microprocessor Controlled Municipal R.O. Systems up to 5 Million GPD
mm \
I )|
i^
or radium there is a Coster Reverse
Osmosis system that's right for you. Pilot plant systems also available.
»»
isl
Coster Engineering P.O. Box 3407
Airport Road
Compact, Skid Mounted industrial/Municipal R.O. Systems 25,000 GPD-350,000 GPD
2Q
Industriai R.O. Systems up to 25,000 GPD
For more information, circle reply card No. 191 (See page 33)
Mankato, MN USA 56002
(507) 625-6621 FAX (507) 625-5883
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Disposal of PCBs and other toxins
By Paul J. Pine!*
Is high priced disposal a thing of the past....?
Biological remediation is now a proven technology for costly. The contaminated materials have to be excavated, put in Ministry of Environment and Energy approved containers and loaded on special trucks for transport. Ofcourse, there is the associated paperwork involved. The biological remediation approach eliminates the need to incinerate PCB
transition metals and radionuclides. The process has been proven successful for hexavalent chromium(Cr VI)and also applies to a wide variety of other contaminants such as fer rous iron, lead, zinc, uranium, cadmium and plutonium. The process uses the unique ability of anaerobic sulfatereducing bacteria (SRB) to reduce metals to their lower oxidative states. In many cases, the reduced metal has lower solubility and toxicity and precipitate than a less toxic metal. Subsequent sequestering and immobilization within the soil matrix or bioreactor removes the metal from the groundwater
contaminated soils.
or the soil.
In applying the bioremediation technology, the soils are first pre-treated chemically to ensure that certain environmen tal and soil characteristics are in place prior to the introduc tion of the biological array. Some of these characteristics include temperature, moisture levels and pH as well. Other stages ofthe pre-treatment include adjusting the chemistry of the soil matrix to satisfy the best possible environment for biological activity and access to the contaminant. In recent studies, 10,000+ ppm of PCB-1242 was com pletely remediated in five hours using this patented biologi cal process. In another study, 122 ppm of PCB-1260 was also remediated biologically in 5 hours. These results were repeatable in all matrix(s) and at concentrations well above 10,000kg/dwonarochlorl016, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248,1254 and 1260. The treatment can be applied in-situ or ex-situ. These bacteria are registered with the Ministry of Envi ronment and Energy as a Type 1 - Non-pathogenic bacteria. They are harmless to living organisms but have an appetite for organic materials such as 1.2.3.4-tetrachlorobenzene, chloromethane, vinyl chloride, methylene chloride, amines,
Biological remediation processes are also available to pro vide for the removal offugitive VOCs(volatile organic com pounds)from the air. Using no carbon fdter media, the bio logical array provides for the effective removal ofup to 99.9% of VOCs. There is no waste or sludge by-product that would have to be treated as a hazardous material for disposal. The era of the dig and dump approach to site remediation may not have come to a complete end, but it has most cer
the remediation ofPCBs in soil, asphalt and concrete. Until now, it has been necessary to send FOB contaminated soils and materials to a specially designated site for incineration. The price charged for this approach can be
tainly been reduced. The introduction of this new and effec tive biological technology has given us an alternative to con sider.
For more information, circle reply card No. 239
3350 Fairview Street Suite 3-165
(X/e
Burlin0tor, Ontario L7N 3L5 905 336 3&22 fax:
905 336 3644
methanol and trichlorofluoromethane, to name but a few.
The by-product of the bioremediation process is CO,and H,0. There is no mutation of the bacteria and no dangerous
by-products are generated as a result of the consumption of organic materials. When the bacteria are finished their clean up, many ofthem die and form a silicate or sand. They do not
mT.
ach-
form a hazardous material.
These same bacteria have also been successfully used in
the elimination of pesticides such as heptachlor and lindane which is better known as "Agent Orange". Other pesticides and herbicides that have been remediated include Diazinon, Metolachor, Chloramben, 2-4D, MCPA, MCPP, Picloram, 2,4,5-T and 2,4,5-TP, to mention a few. This biological meth
odology was completely successful in the field. These suc cesses included large volumes ofcomplex matrix(s)to a level below N.D. These samples were measured by GC/EDC Solex
• NFPA HAZMAT Training > Technical Advisor
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Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
For more information, circle reply card No. 238 21 (See page 33)
Trenchless Technology
By W.Friesen, P.EngJ,and M. Brand, P.Eng.^
Reglna chooses trenchless for domestic sewer rehabilitation
Much of Canada's infra
in the median of Victoria Avenue, and
sewer sections was done underneath
structure was initially
the public interest in these trees, coun travelled sections of roadway. constructed in the 1940s Three bids for the work were re cil ruled the trees were to stay unharmed. and 50s — some even As a result, the Municipal Engineering ceived and upon review of initial and before the turn of the centuiy Many of department decided that trenchless long-tenn costs, the City awarded a con these underground piping systems are sewer replacement and rehabilitation tract to Insituform Canada Limited (for approaching the end of their design life methods were required. merly IGL Canada Limited) which con which can be extended only by substan The Municipal Engineering depart sisted of relining 16 blocks along Vic ment began their rehabilitation quest by toria Avenue from Elphinstone to Win tial reconstruction or rehabilitation. reviewing maintenance records which nipeg Streets; installing storm sewers to 1995 was a memorable summer for the Municipal Engineering department monitored the performance ofthe sewer intercept catch basins; and renewing ofthe City of Regina. Contractors were system as well as keeping records of some service connections. The work was originally tendered at complaints and repairs. With this infor allowed to bid on various remedial methods for approximately 16 blocks of mation in hand, and the additional use approximately $1.3 million dollars domestic sewer along the oldest part of ofCCTV inspection of the subject sew (G.S.T. included)with sewer work com pletion dates that would allow for road the City, Victoria Avenue. Recorded ers, some of the immediately identifi plans of the homes along this roadway able problems experienced in the sewer way and concrete pavement work to re new the entire road prior to freeze-up. were: showed that this domestic sewer had Trenchless Rehabilitation via CIPP been servicing homes as early as 1905. • Excessive cracking, with some sections having already collapsed. CIPP is a unique process for reha These sewers were originally con bilitating damaged pipeline systems in structed of vitrified clay-tile material • Root penetration at joints. municipal and industrial applications. A ranging from 225mm to 300mm in di • Poor house service to main connec new Cure-In-Place-Pipe is fonned inside tions. ameter. the existing pipe by using fluid pressure, Regina was originally established in • Cross connection of storm catch ba 1883 and was bounded by College and sins and roof drains to the domestic typically water, to install a flexible tube saturated with a liquid thermosetting 4th Avenues and Winnipeg and Pasqua sewer. Rehabilitation of this sewer system resin. This process results in a continu Streets. The population was approxi was planned so as to address and cor ous, tight fitting pipe-within-a-pipe. The mately 1,000 people then, in compari CIPP process is claimed to be cost-ef son to approximately 184,300 in 1995. rect these problems. fective and usually faster than other re In the process of identifying the ex In the early years, prior to construction of the City's Ring Road in the 1970s, tent of rehabilitation required, another habilitation options. question was raised. How far into the This process can be used for stand Victoria Avenue was the main east-west future should the department look in alone structural rehabilitation, to stop in highway connecting Regina to Winni their planning? Due to the common filtration and exfiltration, inhibit inter peg and Calgary. nal corrosion and abrasion, increase The Town Fathers agreed in 1883 that "out-of-sight, out-of-mind" attitude to flow capacity due to its increased flow wards infrastructure, the Municipal En a centre median should be constructed and trees planted within the median. The gineering department decided to carry characteristics, and finally, provide a sewers located immediately underneath out a repair/renewal method for these reduction in maintenance costs because the smooth jointless inner surface will sewers which would achieve a minimum the median are the sewers that were identified for rehabilitation in 1994. At provide a substantial reduction in slime 50 year life. The trenchless sewer replacement and sediment buildup as well as elimi present, two rows ofelm trees, approxi mately 20 to 30 years of age, are within contractors allowed to bid on the project nation of root intrusion. Installation the median. Because of the impact that would be required to replace the exist ing sewer with a new PVC main by ei Guidelines for the use ofthe process these trees also have on other City op erations (such as snow removal). City ther pipe bursting, tunnelling, or coring are provided in ASTM F1216-93, council was asked to consider reducing methods. Cure-ln-Place-Pipe (CIPP) "Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the or eliminating some of these trees. inversion lining methods were also in However, due to the history of the trees vestigated. The CIPP method would be Inversion and Curing ofa Resin-Impreg required to ensure adequate flows were nated Tube". A flexible, resin absorb maintained and that open-cut spot re ent, fabric tube, coated on the outside ^City of Regina, Municipal pairs be done where the ovality of the with an elastomeric material (i.e. plas Engineering Department existing pipe exceeded 7% of the origi tic coating), is manufactured to fit the ^Insituform Canada Limited nal pipe diameter. cross section, length, and required de Excerpted from a paper to be pre Due to the nature of the rehabilita sign thickness for the damaged pipe. sented at the Western Canada Water tion, some open-cut excavation was re The tube (or Insitutube) is impregnated & Wastewater Association Conference quired to reroute catchbasins, roof ("wet-out") under vacuum conditions September 24-27, 1996 Continued on page 24 drains, etc. The relocation of these Regina, Saskatchewan 22
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
''^)u'r well being depends.pn the;.
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Trenchless Technology, cont'd. with a liquid thermosetting resin. Wetout is nonnally done at the installer's facility and the resin-saturated tube is transported to the project location using refrigerated trucks. The refrigerated
trucks prolong the pot-life of the resin and ensure no premature curing (i.e. hardening) of the resin-filled tube. For large diameter or very long tubes which are impractical to transport, the wet-out
can be accomplished at the job site with specially designed portable equipment. The resin-impregnated fabric tube is installed in the existing pipe through a manhole or other access point via a tem porary inversion standpipe and inver sion elbow. (Figure 1.) A top inversion technique can also be used where the tube itself forms the
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inversion standpipe. Water from a nearby source (typically a hydrant) is used to fill the inversion standpipe. The
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force ofthe water column turns the wet-
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out tube inside out. This process is called "inversion" and pushes the tube into the pipe being rehabilitated. (Figure 2.) As the tube travels through the pipe, water is continually added to maintain a constant pressure and maintain tube contact against the host pipe wall. This eliminates any annulus and the need for grouting between the liner and the host pipe. The inversion process results in the elastomeric coating of the tube be coming the new interior surface of the pipe. This inversion process results in no relative movement between the tube and
the deteriorated existing pipe wall. This minimizes any trauma and potential damage to the flexible tube material. Another benefit of the inversion tech
nique is that any incoming or standing water in the existing pipe is forced ahead of the inverting tube and out of the sec tion to be rehabilitated. As a result, no
water is trapped behind the tube that could inhibit the proper curing of the resin or alter the shape of the finished CIPP.
After the tube reaches the termina
Figure 2.
tion point, the water is circulated through a pre-attached recirculating hose. This hose is connected to a port able boiler unit and begins circulation and heating of the water which triggers the curing of the thennosetting resins in the felt tube. (Figure 3.) Once the tube has been cured and
cooled down, the water pressure is re leased and the ends are trimmed. Lat eral or branch connections are reinstated
4
internally with a remote control cutting device. The installation is now complete and the newly rehabilitated pipe is ready to be put back in service. This process can usually complete one block (or ap proximately 150m)in less than a 24 hour period. There is usually minimum dis turbance to traffic, businesses, or resi dents.
For more information, Figure 3. 24
circle reply card No. 194 Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
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Life Cycle Analysis
Should LCA be considered for all
infrastructure purchases?
Buried sewer and water pipe is an invisible asset to all mu
nicipalities, worth billions. But being out ofsight and out of mind has meant that this vital asset
has been seriously neglected. People must learn to appreciate the value of materials and products that will be used to expand buried pipe systems or renew existing services, just as they appreci ate and demand the best health care serv
ices available. With easy access to tech nology and information, municipal and government officials now have the op tion of selecting drainage products and materials on the basis of service life for
specific applications. Produced and in stalled according to accepted standards and manufacturers' specifications, prod ucts should perform as expected. Life cycle analysis(LCA)ofproposed drain age systems is the only way municipali ties can get full value for the taxpayers
lation. Countless systems have been se lected and installed solely on low cost bid through the tendering system, in cluding the lowest cost for drainage products. This approach to selecting systems and materials is long overdue for an overhaul. Each of the four issues identified should not be isolated from
each other when planning and design ing drainage systems. Something must be done to improve the state of our in frastructure at the planning and design stage, not at the point of repair. The good news is that industry and govern ment are doing something about the state of drainage systems through part nerships and new initiatives.
pipe are not treated in a consistent man ner.
There have been numerous requests
for the MTO to review specific parts of the drainage pipe standards, and evalu ate their adequacy with respect to struc tural performance and life span related to highway/road projected life. And there have been other deficiencies iden
tified in the current standards.
In terms of selection of appropriate pipe material and type, very little guid ance or restrictions exist today to pre vent inappropriate selection in type, service conditions and projected life. The recent trend has been to allow easy substitution of pipe materials and types.
f'
money.
Canadians cannot go on planning for the short term. Buried infrastructure
should last for more than one genera tion, as it does in Europe and other re gions ofthe old world. Why should suc ceeding generations of Canadians be burdened with the rehabilitation of the
projects of their parents? Why can't we give future generations a gift that will last for more than 75 years? Limited financial resources for capi tal works projects, and designers with vision, are encouraging municipalities to consider life cycle analyses on all major buried infrastructure projects. But there are issues that must be resolved
before taxpayers of this generation will buy into careful scrutiny of pipe mate rial for specific applications, and the use of life cycle analysis in the planning and pre-engineering stage ofa project. Four of these issues include performance, durability, application, and installation of buried drainage systems. There is little doubt that these issues
are inteirelated. How systems and prod ucts perform in conveying effluent from environments, such as recently built housing, or decades-old industrial parks, can be as different as night and day. Performance ofsystems is dependent on durability of products and proper instal 'Ontario Concrete Pipe Association 26
Concrete pipe system installation using existing material for bedding and backfill.
There are two public/private partner ship projects that have been recently launched to address the issues of per formance, durability, application, and installation ofpipe used for sanitary and stonn sewers.
This encourages the use of.supply and installation costs as key criteria govern ing pipe selection: • Weaknesses in current installations are
evidenced atjoints that separate, deform or leak,
MTO and Industry • New technology in support of quality The Ontario Ministry ofTransporta assurance after pipe burial is now avail tion has initiated a two to three year able, yet no standards have been pro project to update pipe drain standards, duced applicable for the transportation warrants and best practice. The Ontario infrastructure. Provincial standards pertaining to storm • As our existing infrastructure ages, sewer/culvert pipes have not been sub most jurisdictions are faced with a dif stantially reviewed for over two dec ficult choice ofselecting a rehabilitation ades. As with any standards, they need method/technology. To ensure the most to be updated periodically to incorpo effective use oflimited resources, a new rate new research findings, new prod method of tendering for the work is re ucts, and revisions based on experience. quired that will specify the end result Concern exists, especially within the (performance), rather than the material pipe producing industry, that these and construction method (e.g., choice of changes are not made in a timely fash replacement versus relining). ion and the various types of drainage • More cost-effective use of existing Environmental Science & Engineering. September 1996
By A. Grant Lee, MClP, RPP* The premature failure of drainage pleted before supporting the results of pipes has implications beyond the ma the research. Industry has taken the ini terial costs ofreplacing them. Adjacent tiative to develop software to help plan and reduce rehabilitation costs. This will infrastructure, such as roads and side ners, designers, and purchasers with the result in considerable savings. walks, is often severely damaged by the task of selecting the right material for a The scope of work includes the re pipe failure, or must be demolished and drainage system. view and update of Ontario Provincial rebuilt to accommodate the pipe repair. With the help of Giffels Associates Standards pertaining to sewer and cul Repairs also cause traffic delays, all add Limited of Rexdale, Ontario, existing vert pipe selection, design, installation, ing to the expense for municipalities and software programs have been upgraded inspection and rehabilitation. Included provincial highway departments. and improved. LCA(Life Cycle Analy is the development ofrelated guidelines, The three-year study will compare sis), WINCAPE(a Windows version of procedures and automated design tools. four different types of pipe materials- Cost Analysis of Pipe Envelope) and Storm drains, sanitary drains and ground concrete, PVC, corrugated steel and SAMM (Spangler & Marston Method)/ water drains (including sub-drains) are high density polyethylene-and develop 3EB have been combined into one com to be treated separately. For each, main guidelines that municipalities can fol puter program caUedPipePac. The new tenance access standards shall be devel low to make more cost-effective deci software is designed to share input data oped. sions about their drainage pipes. and results among each of the three in The project is a public/private sector "The financial constraints on public dependent sub-programs (e.g., 3EB re partnership funded by private sector in works departments ofCanadian munici sults are used to estimate pipe costs in terests and public agencies. The two palities require them to improve the CAPE). principal partners at this time are the service life of their assets and to man Designed for a PC Windows environ Ontario Ministry of Transportation and age the replacement of their infrastruc ment, with analyses produced in metric the Ontario Concrete Pipe Association. ture systems more effectively," Dr. Felio and imperial units, and a choice of eiAs the project gets under ther English or French lan way, other key stake guage text, the program is The premature failure of drainage pipes has holders in the drainage unique in North America. Implications beyond the material costs of pipe industry are expected It is available free ofcharge replacing them. Adjacent Infrastructure, such as and will be placed on the to participate and contrib ute to its financing. A roads and sidewalks, Is often severely damaged Internet for easy access and steering committee led by download. The OCPA pro by the pipe failure, or must be demolished and products, and opening up ofapplication of new materials and technology, will enhance the service life of drain pipes
the MTO, has been estab
lished to review the work
rebuilt to accommodate the pipe repair.
as it is completed. NRG and CCPA
A major study on the durability of sanitary and storm sewer pipes in Canada was launched in Quebec City, on April 26, by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the Canadian Concrete Pipe Association (CCPA). The $600,000 project will compare different types of large diam eter drainage pipes. According to the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, the repair and maintenance of these structures cost Canadian towns and
cities between $2.5 billion and $3 bil
lion annually. Choices about what type of pipe material to use are usually based on in stallation costs alone, according to Dr. Guy Felio, head of the Infrastructure Research Group at the NRC, who is managing the project. "Municipal en gineers would prefer to be able to in clude other parameters,such as expected service life, structural performance, quality assurance and maintenance re quirements," he said. "But there is lit tle comparative research on the compre hensive, long-term performance of dif ferent pipe materials in similar environ ments."
said. "This project will provide per formance guidelines for the design and constiuction of drainage pipes and will allow more informed decisions by mu nicipal engineers." Member companies of the CCPA have contributed half the cost of the
project. The balance is being borne by the NRC, with contributions expected from some of the many cities that have already expressed an interest in the project. The study will consist of three phases. In the first, NRC researchers
will collect information from pipe
duced the software in co
operation with the American Concrete PipeAssociation, Canadian Concrete Pipe Associa tion, and Tubecon (the Association of Quebec concrete pipe producers). The software is a usefiil tool for regu lators, specifiers, contractors, and pur chasers. Standards built into the pro gram are those used throughout North America. Data can be selected from de
fault tables or entered manually. The following are the features of PipePac that are expected to be of great interest to planners and engineers: • Easy comparison offlexible and rigid systems.
• Integrated analysis using LCA,CAPE
manufacturers and their customers, as and 3EB. well as review available expert knowl • LCA, CAPE and 3EB programs can edge about the performance and dura be run independently of each other. bility ofthe various pipe materials. The • Choice of analysis in metric or impe second phase will entail field studies of rial units. the pipe materials in several cities across • Choice of language - English or Canada.
French.
After identifying gaps in the expert knowledge and developing performance guidelines, NRC researchers will design an experimental facility to test and con firm their guidelines.
• Choice of standards to follow CSA or ASTM.
PipePac
The concrete pipe industry in Canada is not waiting for the research to be com
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
• Technical support. • Software can be copied and accessed free of charge. • Built-in support manual and instruc tions using Windows context sensitive Continued overleaf 27
Life Cycle Analysis, cont'd. help, • Calculates earth loads and pipe classes for concrete pipe, • Compares installation costs and life cycle cost, • User friendly Microsoft Windows based program. Here is what the programs can do: 1. Life Cycle Analysis - LCA Time is money. What is the real cost over the project design life for the ma terials you are specifying? Total costs are calculated using present value,
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For more information, circle reply card No. 196(See page 33)
The Acid
TEST
The program 3EB(Three-Edge Bear ing) computes earth loads on concrete pipe in accordance with the methods presented in the Concrete Pipe Design Manuals of the Ontario Concrete Pipe Association and American Concrete
Pipe Association, 3EB analyzes under ground pipelines for standard installa tion conditions, negative projecting em bankments, and jacked and tunnelled pipe. Loads are derived using the indi rect design method which relates the supporting strength of the buried pipe to the strength obtained in a three-edge bearing test through the use of bedding factors.
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For more information, circle reply card No. 197 tSfie naae 331
With dependable and durable buried pipe that will perform as expected, fumre generations can put resources into new ventures that challenge our imagi nations, instead ofputting them into cor recting the mistakes credited to short sighted infrastructure planning and en gineering, The projects that have been launched this year in Canada will have a lasting effect. You can take that to the bank.
For more information,
circle reply card No. 198 Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Air Pollution
Billions slated for electrostatic preclpltators,scrubbers and adsorbers Over $22 billion (US) will be spent on air pollution control systems, parts and services, between July 1, 1996,and Jtme 30, 1997. The Mcllvaine Company in its Air Pollution Management Report predicts that the Americas segment will spend $6.4 billion, the European-CISAfrica segment will spend $7.7 billion and Asia will be the biggest purchaser at over $8 billion.
Over the last decade, the purchases ofequipment to remove gas phase con
Americas
Asia
Europe/CIS
World
1,772
2,003
3,241
2,911 3,634
3,950
6,886 10,825
1,390 6,403
1,545 8,090
1,790 7,743
4,725 22,236
Particulate/Systems Gas Treatment Systems & Parts Other Equipment & Services Total Air Pollution Market
cent of the total. Europe-CIS-Africa segment will account for an investment in gas phase contaminant reduction of nearly $4 billion. Some 37 percent($1.5 billion) of this total will be for scrub
ing. Therefore, the value added and
profitability ofsecondary suppliers rep resents a substantial portion ofthe total. A single large flue gas desulfurization contract will result in as many as
taminants have increased much more
bers and adsorbers to remove acid gas-
one hundred subcontracts. This division
rapidly than have purchases of particulate control equipment. In the
ses and VOCs. 33 percent ($1.35 bil lion) will be invested in NO and SO
next twelve months, the world will
reduction systems. 30 percent ($1.15
spend $6.8 billion for particulate con trol but will spend almost$ 11 billion for elimination of Nitrogen Oxides(NO ),
catalytic air treatment systems. The air consulting segment world
of the large contracts to many subcon tractors, plus the substantial portion of the industry represented by very small companies, results in an industry com prised of large numbers of small sup pliers. These 70,000 companies aver age $300,000 in revenues and employ 700,000 workers devoted to the air pol lution industry. Therefore, air pollution control is a significant industry worldwide. De
'
X
X
billion) will be invested in thermal and
Sulfur Oxides (SO^), Volatile Organic
wide will account for $2.6 billion in to
Compoimds(VOCs)and acid gases. Electrostatic precipitators will be the most popular equipment selection pri marily due to purchases in the Asian sector. 58 percent of the $3.9 billion slated for electrostatic precipitators will be spent in the Asian region. By con trast, purchase of precipitators in the Americas will account for only 18 per
tal revenues. However, this segment represents a big portion of the value added in the air pollution sector. Since there are few outside purchases, most air consulting revenues consist of value added by the consultant. In contrast,
most ofthe revenue in FGD system sales comes from the purchase and resale of components such as pumps and pack
tailed information on this forecast will
be found in Air Pollution Management published by The Mcllvaine Company. For more information, circle reply card No. 327
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EAGLEBROOK' INC. of CANADA Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
For more information, circle reply card No. 199 (See page 33)
29
Infrastructure
By Roger Crawford,P.Eng.
Municipal sewage and water systems are in a state of crisis over the next 10 to 15 years to repair, extend and improve the infrastructure, it is also known that the current rev
enues wiii not generate the capital necessary to renew and improve the infrastructure." And in March 1996, the Ontario Sewer and Watermain
Construction Association had this in part to say in a news release:
"Even with MAP (Municipal Assistance Program), which has provided about $450 miiiion over the past two years, Ontario's 184,000 kilometres (112,500 miles) of sewers and watermains and over 800 treatment plants, worth an estimated $50 biiiion, are failing into alarming disrepairi
it is now estimated that it wiii cost a staggering $1.8 biiiion annually for the next 15 years- more than twice the total $800 miiiion in provincial and municipal funding now allo cated -just to restore and maintain the existing system, excluding any new growth." Whether or not these various reports reflect completely Photo of old iron watermain is dramatic evidence of the need
Inthe early 1980sthere wasonly a spark ofawareness of for infrastructure rehabilitation. Photo courtesy Windsor PUC.
the need for rehabilitation or replacement ofunderground
municipal services. By 1985 the spark had been farmed into flame to the extent that it is now difficult to write
anything on the subject of infrastructure renewal or trenchless technology without either the possibility or probability ofplagiarizing some other author who has written on the sub ject. A 1990 Needs Survey conducted by the United States En
vironmental Protection Agency(USEPA)stated that: "Decades of neglect or grossly inadequate maintenance ofsome systems are two reasons why wastewater coiiection systems now require over 42.9 biiiion dollars worth of rehabilitation and upgrading between now and 2010 at a time when the economy can Hi afford the cost."
and accurately the conditions of infrastructure and cost ofits rehabilitation will be left to the judgement of the reader. Re gardless, the inescapable conclusion is that the need today for renewal of municipal water and sewage systems in the United States and Canada is both urgent and great. The need for renewal as it has become more clearly de fined over only the past few years, has created a huge poten tial market, and provided opportunity to a rehabilitation in dustry which is rapidly increasing in size to respond to the market.
I say potential market because, until relatively recently, the rehabilitation needs have not been particularly well iden tified and documented. And to make matters worse, govern ments at all levels, perhaps out of convenience, have fallen
prey to the "out-of-sight, out-of-mind" syndrome, which has resulted in a reluctance to commit sufficient public funds to a purpose which seemingly may not yield much "bang-for-thebuck".
Only four years earlier a similar Needs Survey conducted Fortunately, organizations such as the North American So by USEPA had set the figure at 12.8 billion dollars for the ciety forTrenchless Technology(NASTT),and more recently years 1985 to 2005! the Centre for Advancement of Trenchless Technologies More recently the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (CATT) at the University of Waterloo have done much to (PCM)issued a"Report on the State ofMunicipal Infrastruc build an awareness of the infrastructure "crisis", through ture in Canada"(January 1996) which it had prepared with research and "hands-on" seminars. Their goals, objectives the Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechan and partnerships are providing a more informed sense of ics, McGill University. Venturing somewhat beyond its title, direction for the rehabilitation industry. the report commented on the state of urban infrastructure in In conclusion, the funding, or lack of funding necessary North America, describing it as a "crisis". In the section dedi to undertake the necessary rehabilitation of municipal infra cated to Water and Wastewater Systems, this in part is what structure has been and continues to be the major stumbling the report had to say: block. Clearly it is now mandatory that municipalities meet "infrastructure in North America has become inadequate this challenge by innovation in going beyond traditional to sustain a growing economy. Huge expenditures are needed to repair, rehabilitate, and replace public facilities,
if the deterioration of infrastructure is allowed to continue,
local governments wiii suffer severe economic consequen ces. it is estimated that the total annual revenues for ail
municipalities for water services provided is around $3 bii iion, and that up to $60 to $100 biiiion may be needed *IPEX Inc. 30
sources of funding. With the increasing availability ofinvestigative and infor mation management technologies suitable for utilization with
municipal infrastructure, it will be interesting to see if the matter of"due diligence" is applied in the same marmer as it has been used very successfully in other areas such as the cleanup of contaminated sites!
For more information, circle reply card No. 224 Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
t
pipe problems using nondisniptive, cost-effective solutions. The most difficult part about some pipe problems is just getting access to ttie pipe itself Insituform Technologies specializes in reha bilitating pressure and gravity pipes which are underground, submerged or located in hard to-reach places. Using our leading-edge technologies, we repair pipes from the inside, in most cases with
out man-entry or excavation. Extensive independent and internal testing consis tently confirms fhe success of our methods.
We take sole-source responsibility for solving your problem, from the develop ment and manufacturing of proprietary products, to the engineering and installa tion ot a solution at your site. Our ISO 9000 quality system assures high quality every step of the way. With experts in all facets of pipe rehabili tation on staff, we have the project man agement expertise and trained installers to solve your problems quickly. Our
exceptionally low accident rate and EMR reflect our commitment to safety. And, our 25 years and 10,000 kilometres of pipe rehabilitation experience are unequaied. That is why insituform is industry's preferred source for pipe reha bilitation. if you are having problems with difficuit-to-access pipes, call us at 1-800-325-1159.
Insituform^
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Copyright 1996 Insituform Technologies. Inc.
Spills management
By Paul Yaremko*
Aircraft de-icing faciiity uses corrugated poiyethyiene drainage pipe
LesterB.Pearson International Airport in Toronto is Cana da's largest and busiest air
port â&#x20AC;&#x201D; but with much more than just air traffic. The airport is ex panding with a new runway and $10 million aircraft de-icing facility. Dufferin Construction of Oakville, On
tario, is working to complete the job by the summer of 1997.
Aircraft de-icing facilities must be designed to protect the environment while maintaining strict aviator safety requirements. When considering all components of the project, the drainage system might not be the first thing to come to mind.
However, the project relies heavily on corrugated high density polyethylene (HDPE) for its sanitary sewer, storm sewer and subdrain systems. Over five kilometres of pipe ranging from 200 to 750 mm diameter is being used on the job. Big "0" Inc., Canada's largest manufacturer of corrugated polyethy lene pipe products, is supplying the pipe. The de-icing facility was designed by Public Works Canada, acting as a con sultant for Transport Canada. Their challenge was to design a drainage sys tem with pipe that provided superior chemical resistance, as the product would be exposed to concentrated solu tions ofglycol used in the de-icing proc
tainment membrane below.
When a
plane is de-iced, it is sprayed with gly col immediately before take off. The excess glycol is collected as it runs off into a series of catch basins which tie
and corrosion resistance made it a natu
into the glycol storm sewer system. The fluid is then carried through corrugated polyethylene pipes (300 mm - 750 mm diameters) to a five celled waste tank. Any glycol that manages to saturate the granular base before reaching a catch basin is collected by a perforated corru gated HDPE subdrain system. The subdrain system is laid on top of the containment membrane, parallel to the glycol storm sewer lines. Pipe for this application ranges from 200 to 250 mm
ral choice for the job.
diameters.
ess. Corrugated HDPE pipe's chemical *Big '0' Inc.,(a member of the Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Association)
The de-icing area is constructed on top of a granular pad with an HDPE con
A twin 200 mm diameter
subdrain system surrounds the base of the waste glycol holding tank. As the waste glycol tank fills, it is pumped into trucks and taken away for treatment. A backup system is main tained to handle unexpected volumes possible through a tank spill or rainfall of historic proportion. The waste tank has a 600 mm diameter overflow sani
tary sewer which can discharge into the Region of Peel's sanitary trunk sewer, west of the airport. This backup over flow sanitary sewer is 1,175 metres long, and crosses under a taxi way and an air port security road. At the deepest point, the sanitary sewer will have 12 metres
I
'KfflF'-"
>
offill.
' *
â&#x2013; 'iCr
Although polyethylene sanitary sewer had never been buried this deep at the airport, past use references pro vided by Big "O" showed the design engineers they were not the first to use a 600 mm diameter corrugated HDPE sanitary sewer at these depths. Design information also provided showed it was safe to bury the pipe with 12 metres of cover. Additionally, Big "O" presented Public Works Canada with a technical booklet provided by the Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Associa tion (CPPA) entitled "Structural Design Method for Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe." The document was reviewed by Public Works Canada and reassured
Over 5 km of HDPE was used on the project. 32
them of the suitability of this pipe at these burial depths. For more information, circle reply card No. 226 Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
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example, features water gardens surrounded by outdoor cafes as part of its gray water treatment facility. Advanced ZENON membrane technology produces ultraclear water with virus and bacteria removal to log 4. The result is not
only this beautiful, odor-free living environment, but water which actually exceeds drinking water standards.
Essentially unattended, our first California plant installed five years ago has produced daily samples exceeding California Title 22 water quality requirements. Existing treat
ment plants are using ZENON technology to increase capacity by up to five times without increasing infrastructure costs. ZENON membrane technology will change your thinking "It is to water treatment
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Drinking Water Parasites
Gordon R. Finch, Ph.D., P.Eng.*
Water industry challenge — waterborne parasites-Part II
Traditionally engineers have
considered treating water with 0.5 mg/L of free chlo rine for 30 minutes as being adequate disinfection. Today, disinfec tion is defined in much broader terms,
from physical and chemical removal of particles to chemical inactivation of microorganisms in the plant. With knowledge of the infectious dose for causing disease in humans and with an estimate of the concentration of para sites in the source water, the number of
log-units of inactivation by the treat ment processes can be determined to reduce the risk of waterborne disease
to some level such as 1:10,000 or 1:100,000 cases per year. Consequently,
source water quality will affect the re quired degree of treatment within the treatment facility. Multiple Barrier Approach With concern about raw water qual ity, water source protection is being pro moted as part ofthe multiple barrier con*Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton **See ES&E June '96 for part one.
cept. Figure 3 illustrates the broad concepts of the multiple barrier con cept related to surface water treatment when challenged with encysted para sites. Of course. Figure 3 is a simplis tic illustration of water treatment proc esses in general but it facilitates discus sion about the control of parasites that challenge typical surface water treat ment facilities.
Microorganisms as Particles Whether the challenge is from bac teria or viruses or encysted protozoa, it is correct to consider these particles much as colloidal clay or macro mol ecules can be considered particles. Therefore, a major barrier in the disin fection of drinking water is in particle control — in other words, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtra
tion. Understanding the chemistry of coagulation with good process control followed by well-designed (hydraulically speaking)flocculators and clarifiers will lead to excellent preparation of the particles for sedimentation and fil tration removal. A current American Water Works
Association Research Foundation
(AWWARF) project is travelling the
Source
United States collecting particle count, size and distribution data from a number of diverse surface water treatment
plants. Their preliminary findings sug gest that physical/chemical removal of particles in the Giardia and Ciyptosporidium size ranges can be up to 4 logunits or more if the processes are well run, have tight operational control parameters, and have filter effluent turbidities less than 0.1 or 0.2 NTU.
This is a remarkable observation given that the current Surface Water Treat
ment Rule in the United States gives a 2.5 log-unit credit for Giardia removal if there is coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation followed by filtration with less than 0.5 NTU of turbidity in the filtrate. Therefore, in Figure 3, the physical chemical removal processes can be considered to account for about
4 log-units of physical removal of para sites provided there is good process control and the processes are maintained in good operating order. In small communities where a com
plex conventional surface water treat ment plant is not practical, chlorination alone is not sufficient to protect public health when encysted protozoa are the
Treatment Processes
> Potential for challenges from parasites
' pH Is optimized ' Adequate alkalinity > Colloidal surface area
Process Conditions and
• O3
1 log
• Tapered flocculation
• O3/NH2CI 2.5 log • CI2/NH2CI 0.5 log • GI2 alone 0 log • CIO2 alone 1 log • Others Clog
• Aluminum salts • Ferric salts
• Polymers
• CIO2 1 log • Others0 log
Processes
•oxidation'^
• Remove chemically coagulated particles
• Coagulant dispersion • Colloidal particle
• Distribution
system corrosion control
destabilization • Disinfection to
inhibit biolfilms in
Process Objectives • Colour reduction • > Watershed characteristics
• Taste & odour control • Disinfection
•• Agriculture
• Enhanced coagulation
' • Rodents
• Fe2+, Mn2+ Oxidation
•• Wastewater discharges • Rainfall event retum frequency
filters
• Particle aggregation • Adsorption of organics to floe
• Disinfection
• Inhibit biological activity in distribution system
• Enmeshment of particles in sweep floe • Dense, fast settling floe
Figure 3. Multiple barrier concept applied to surface water supplies. Environmental Science & Engineering. September 1996
35
Drinking Water Parasites, cont'd. search project conducted at the Univer sity of Alberta it was found that for a
contact time of about 5 minutes and an
ozone residual of about 0.5 mg/L (ap
parent CT of2.5 mg-min/L)greater than 2 log-units of inactivation could be ob tained consistently. Chlorine dioxide has also been used to kill Giardia.
Greater than 2 log-units inactivation has been obtained using a CT of about 5 mg min/L.
During the past five years there has been a significant amount ofnew infor mation become available on the chemi
Figure 4. Giardia cysts after exposure to high concentrations of ozone. issue. Particle control can be achieved
with the simple yet effective slow sand filtration process or with high technol ogy membrane processes such as ultra-
Figure 5. Cryptosporidium oocysts af ter exposure to high concentrations of
cal inactivation of Cryptosporidium. Ozone is a very effective disinfectant of oocysts. Like Giardia, ozone appears to act on the surface of the oocyst as illustrated in Figure 5. Ozone condi tions are about fom times greater than those required for Giardia. Chlorine di oxide is second to ozone in effective-
Continued on page 38
ozone.
filtration or microfiltration. Source Water
Animal Infectivity 22ÂťC
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
chlorine at pH 8.0 ozone at pH 6.9.
ozone
ozone
ozone
(1.5 mg/L,5 min)
(2.4 mg/L, 15 min)
(1.4 mg/L,5 min),
While a long discourse on source
water protection is possible, this arti cle will focus on common sense. Sani
tary surveys of the source watershed will document risks from sewage and
from agriculmral or other sources of contamination. An alert utility will document these potential risks and de
sign their water intake and subsequent processes to account for "worst case" scenarios. In other words, a well-run
utility will be proactive in anticipating deficiencies and taking corrective action before there is a serious problem. Regulation will not help this common sense approach. Chemical Disinfection
While the water industry has strug gled to redesign chlorination to be effective in controlling encysted para sites, there frequently has been inad equate protection against challenges from these pathogens. Many outbreaks ofgiardiasis have been attributed to sur face water supplies that have only re ceived chlorination. Cryptosporidium oocysts are unaffected by free chlorine
0.5-
monochloramine
monochloramine
(5 mg/L,480 min) (15 mg/L,480 min)
monochloramine
(2 mg/L,240 min)
Figure 6. The inactivation of '0. pan/am' using ozone, monochioramine and the combination of ozone followed by monochloramine. Animal infectivity 22'C
pH 8.0
or monochloramine under conditions found at most treatment facilities.
Simple concentration and time(CT) products for free chlorine and mono chloramine for 2 log-unit inactivation of Giardia have been reported to be about 40 mg-min/L and 740 mg-min/L, respectively (pH 7, 20°C). Ozone has been shown to be effective for killing Giardia cysts and appears to act at the surface of the oocyst, as shown in Fig
ure 4. In an AWWARF sponsored re36
(5 mg/L, 60 min)
chlorine
monochloramine
monochloramine
chlorine
(15 mg/L, 240 min)
(5 mg/L,480 min)
(15 mg/L,480 min)
(1 mg/L, 60 min), monochloramine
(2 mg/L, 240 min)
Figure 7. The inactivation of 'C. parvum'using free chlorine, monochloramine and the combination of free chlorine foliowed by monochloramine. Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
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For more information, circle reply card No. 132 (See page 33)
Drinking Water Parasites, cont'd. ness and has a number of advantages
ants in the control of waterborne
when compared with ozone. Low capi it an attractive alternative to free chlo
parasites. Questions related to the ef fect oftemperature,pH,and water qual ity remain to be answered. Fundamen
rine when only chlorine is used to treat the water. The design requirements for
fection and the effect that chemical
tal cost and ease of operation may make
tal research into the mechanisms of in
chlorine dioxide are about 10 times
oxidants have on this process may help
those required for Giardia. One of the most interesting findings
to devise more effective methods of
controlling the parasites in drinking
is that when disinfectants are used
water.
sequentially as happens in practice,there is greater inactivation than could be explained by the use of the single disinfectants. This synergism is the topic of another AWWARF research project conducted at the University of Alberta. Figure 6 illustrates the effect
Using the global vision of disinfec tion as a series of barriers, future proc ess design and operation will need to focus on quality control, using well de signed and operated unit processes within a treatment facility. More potent
for ozone and monochloramine.
chemical disinfectants such as ozone or
Future Directions
could be promoted in some communi ties. However, this becomes a major political undertaking unless the water shed is owned or wholly controlled by the water supplier. Nonetheless, proactive utility managers will antici pate weaknesses in their systems and take corrective action to prevent the em barrassment ofa major waterborne out break of parasitic disease. Small systems will need to look to wards more sophisticated technology
than simple chlorination of surface wa ters such as slow sand filtration or mem
brane processes to simply and efficiently produce a drinking water that has low microbial risks.
However, much is left to be discov
amine has been well documented.
And one final word: pathogenic bac teria were easily controlled until viruses became an issue in the post-war years. Adjustment in chlorination levels ad equately protected public health. Then the waterborne parasites discussed in this paper became the issue. They are not so easily controlled and require new thinking, modem technology and qual ity control. Beware, the next "super bug" may be around the comer. References available upon request. For more information,
ered about the use ofchemical disinfect
Where feasible, source water protection
Circie repiy card No. 133
Another outcome of this research
chlorine dioxide will become more
was the finding that when free chlorine was used first followed by mono
widely used in water treatment. While chlorine's days as a primary disinfect ant ofsurface waters may be numbered, it will still serve an important role in protecting the quality of water in distri bution systems.
chloramine, detectable inactivation of
C. parvum occurred. These findings are illustrated in Figure 7. It has been found in the same study that Giardia muris, a useful surrogate for G. lamblia, is more readily inactivated when using more than one oxidant sequentially.
The use of monochloramine follow
ing ozone treatment may result in sav ings in operating costs once the syner gism between ozone and monochlor
Golder Associates is helping its clients maintain the
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38
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environmental needs.
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
ENGINEERED FOR PERFORMANCE. INSlOE & ROT. |>
Pipe is chemicaiiy inert and resists abrasion and,;
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Corrugations work with backfiil envelope for outstanding strength.
pipe network and save your clients money. And,
pipe is made of that makes the difference. If's
consider the issue of composition. EiDPE is
how if's made, foo. That's why it's important to
chemicaiiy inert. Unlike metal and concrete, which
take a cioser look at corrugated high density
can corrode quickly in chemically-charged
polyethyiene (HOPE) drainage pipe. HOPE pipe
situations, HOPE is nearly unaffected. This
is the only pipe that's engineered inside
and out for maximum performance. On the outside, it's easy to see the difference. The corrugations work hard.
means HOPE pipe can last up to 30% longer than concrete pipe, in fact, EiDPE
has a projected service l ife of ZO-i- years. Once you consider the ins and outs of
They help the pipe stand up to heavy ioads by
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working with the backfiii enveiope to provide out
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Your Information Resource 4235 Monroe St. Suite 124 Toledo, Otiio 43606
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FAX: 419-885-5848
CPPA Manufacturing Members. Advanced Drainage Systems • Big "0" Inc. • Bruce Tile Inc. • Grumpier Plastic Pipe • Century Plastic • Dlller Tile Company, Inc. • Francesville Drain Tile Corp. Hancor, Inc. • Hawkeye Tile • Ideal Drain Tile Ltd. • Plasti Drain Ltd. • Plastic Tubing Inc. • Plastic Tubing Industries Inc. • Prinsco Inc. • Springfield Plastic Inc.
© 1996 CPPA
A cryptosporidium case history
Beware, the cysts of March
Atypical March day in
Collingwood, Ontario.
1I
The snow filled winter had
been a boon to the region.
uTiiiiH
Spring skiing's com snow and sunshine were on the minds of many residents and visitors to the Town. For others,the long awaited summer cottage season wasjust around the comer. Anticipation was in the air. Until sporadic reports of people suffering from intestinal disorders be
gan to come into the offices ofthe local Simcoe County District Health Unit. Local media informed residents that
there might be temporary problems with drinking water.
Sampling and testing were done for the widely known Giardia lamblia and its more obscure counterpart, Crypto
sporidium. Since its discovery in 1895, Cryptosporidium has become a major concem in drinking water systems be cause of its resistance to chlorine and
other common disinfectants and to many of the drags used to treat cryptospoAuthored by:
Collingwood PUG, AInley & Associates, Pro Aqua, Zenon Environmental Inc. Announcement
Terry Matthews Microsep International(Canada)Corporation Is pleased to announce that Terry Matthews has recently joined the company as Gen eral Manager of the Bangkok, Thailand of fice. Terry brings over twenty years experi ence in industrial and municipal water and wastewater treatment. His professional ca reer has also Included serving as presidents of both the Water Environment Association
of Ontario, and the Ontario Pollution Con
trol Equipment Association; he is currently a Regional Director for the Water Environ ment Federation.
Microsep manufactures and designs water and wastewater systems, incorporat
ing their patented "ballast-assisted" olarifiers that are 10 - 30 times smaller than con
ventional gravity clarifiers. Microsep is affiliated
Emergency response water purification unit treats water at the hospital. ridiosis. The ingestion of just one might pose the highest risk, namely, Cryptosporidium oocyst can cause those persons with weakened immune systems. Clearly the hospitals and nurs diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, de ing homes were the priority. hydration and headaches. In the long term, the Collingwood For those with healthy immune sys tems,the cryptosporidic symptoms sim PUC wanted to provide safeguards against any possibility of oocyst inva ply ran their course although the symp
toms may reoccur. However, for indi sion occurring again. An absolute bar viduals with suppressed or weakened rier to oocyst invasion was needed as a immune systems such as the elderly, safeguard. Membrane filtration pro hospitalized or sufferers of AIDS, vides the only absolute barrier to the Cryptosporidium and Giardia cysts in cryptosporidiosis can be fatal. drinking water. Responding to the pub Even though neither Cryptospo ridium nor Giardia were evident in the
Collingwood water supply,"Boil Water" warnings were issued by the Collingwood PUC as a safeguard. Re ports of "stomach and intestinal disor
lic concerns articulated by the Colling wood PUC and the technical require ments posed by Ainley and Associates, Zenon Environmental Inc. was commis
ders" continued to come in from differ
sioned to make the solution a reality. Zenon had the immediate response
ent sources although any link between these and drinking water supply prob lems were tenuous, at best. Radio, television and newspaper
for those who might be at highest risk. Within 60 hours, a Zenon mobile Re verse Osmosis unit and a technical sup
quickly picked up on the story. Time and space were devoted to the exami nation of topics such as cryptospo ridiosis and water purity concerns in society at large. Public awareness was aroused nationwide. Collingwood's residents and visitors were concerned
that the Town's water supply might in deed be compromised. The Colling wood PUC moved quickly to provide residents with a sure, recognized safe guard against the invasion ofthe dreaded cysts. Working long hours together with their consulting engineer, Ainley and Associates, they researched a solution to the problem.
capability needed to provide a safeguard
port team were on their way to the Collingwood hospital site. With the as sistance of the Collingwood PUC and the General and Marine Hospital, ultra-
pure water was on its way to the facility within days of the alert. Meanwhile,Collingwood Operations Staff, together with Ainley and Associ ates, Zenon and their agent. Pro Aqua, worked out a long-term response. The absolute barrier approach was to be ap
plied to any possible, ongoing threat of cyst invasion. Zenon was commissioned to provide the safeguard technology in as short a time frame as possible. Within the space of hours, resources were mo bilized to design and deliver the water
with Commonwealth
It was determined that the solution
Construction, Burnaby, and Is majority owned by Atkinson Corp., San
necessitated both a short- and long-term
purification imits and provide the opera
response. In the short term,the Colling wood PUC wanted to provide a safe guard for those for whom the oocysts
tions know-how needed for the coming
Francisco.
For more information, 40
circle reply card No. 310
peak water use time ofthis holiday town. Circle reply card No. 151
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
ULTBAPmAm •miHEEREB FOR SIMPLICITY
The Ultrapulsator floculator/clarifler from Degremont Infilco combines exceptional
performance with great operational fiexibihty
4
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The high rise rate of this sohds contact floculator/clarilier rednces surface
requirements, resulting in substantial cost savings. With its nnique pulsing action, the Ultrapulsator provides a concentrated and homogeneous sludge blanket, internal sludge recirculation, and the pohslung action of tube-setthng modules.
Whether your objective is to improve the quahty of your water or to increase the capacity of your facihty, Degremont Infilco has a water purification system to meet your needs. For more information, call our offices today.
Features of Ultrapulsator technology include: absence of submerged mechanical moving parts in the clarifler;
Filtration of suspended and colloidal solids through a concentrated, deep sludge blanket;
Simplified operation limited mostly to adjusting reagent rates and sludge
activated carbon for the removal of
extractions;
organic solids, tastes and odours.
Lower maintenance due to the
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Ultraviolet Disinfection
UV not only cleans water, it destroys viruses and purifies air
New technologies using ultra
ticularly hard by the disease's resur
violet (UV) light are being tested through the Electric
gence.
Power Research Institute
National Tuberculosis Coalition ofutili
(EPRI) to help clean up water, destroy airborne viruses and bacteria, including tuberculosis, and purify indoor air by re moving volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
EPRI and the recently formed ties and health organizations, is launch ing a controlled study of the use of UV lighting systems to prevent the spread ofTB. "Tuberculosis could become a real
Water Treatment
With growing concern in the US about health prob lems related to water qual ity, and environmental worry about chlorine disinfectant
byproducts, UV treatment for wastewater is emerging as an effective alternative.
Technology. The air cleaner is effec tive at removing gaseous pollutants such as carcinogens from cigarette smoke and formaldehyde from fumiture and labo ratories.
"In the future, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems will com bine the particulate filtering capabilities of existing air cleaners to remove pol len and dust with the ability of photocatalytic reactors to destroy volatile or ganic compounds (VOCs), odors, car bon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and microorganisms," said Ephraim Heller, president of LightStream in Alameda,Calif,the company responsi ble for product development. Products using the reactor will range
Currently, only 5% ofUS wastewater is treated using an ultraviolet system, but the practice is expected to reach 25% within 10 years. The UV system works by chan Ultraviolet(UV)lamps emit germlcidal UV neling wastewater through a light to destroy DNA in bacteria and viruses network offluorescent lamps such as tuberculosis, whooping cough, and measles. where exposure to UV light quickly kills the bacteria and viruses that health crisis in the next 5 to 10 years," said Myron Jones, are the main contaminants. EPRI's manager of Ad "UV treatment for wastewater will be vanced Industrial programs. the most significant technological ad vance over the next several years, as "We're positive that ultravio many new and existing plants shift to let light inactivates bacteria A water treatment facility In Contra Costa County, Calif, this cleaner and generally more cost-ef such as TB,influenza, mea uses banks made of several thousand fluorescent sles, and legionella. Our lamps that transmit UV light to disinfect water. fective method," said Keith Cams, man new projects will show how to effec in size from portable units to large de ager of EPRI's Community Environ vices that cormect to furnaces or air con mental Center in St. Louis, MO. The tively equip buildings with these UV fix ditioners. These devices have a blower Center provides technical development tures, and examine how effective the fix and support for the healthcare, water and tures are in real life situations with all that moves polluted air through the unit of the variables included." where a bank ofUV lamps illuminates a wastewater industries. Since TB is commonly transmitted photocatalyst at room temperature, and Another promising application is then converts the compounds into harm combining UV with hydrogen peroxide in homeless shelters, the plan is to com to remove organics, such as industrial pare disease patterns in shelters with and less substances such as carbon dioxide chemicals and some pesticides from without UV lamps. Doctors from St. and water, thus cleaning the air. The first product, designated for re groundwater. EPRI is also working Vincent's Hospital in New York City and jointly with the American Water Works Harvard Medical School will direct the moving formaldehyde in medical facili study. ties, will be commercially available this Association Research Foundation in Tests are also being conducted year. Denver to study the use ofUV for treat
ing drinking water against a broad range of bacteria and vimses, as well as para sites like giardia and cryptosporidium, responsible for numerous illnesses and deaths in recent years.
through EPRI's Community Environ mental Center in South Africa, since
African countries are confronting the
bacteria are now resistant to the antibi
highest worldwide death rates fromTB. Indoor Air Quality Another UV technology for purify ing indoor air quality recently won an R&D co-funding award from the
otics. Urban areas in the US are hit par
National Institute of Standards and
Airborne Disease Control
Today, unlike 50 years ago,someTB
42
EPRI, established in 1973 and
headquartered in Palo Alta, California, manages science and technology R&D for the electricity industry. More than 700 utilities are members of the Insti
tute which has an annual budget ofsome $500 million.
For more information,
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Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
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Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
43
Membrane Technology
Are membranes the future for wastewater treatment?
Increased public concern over health and the environment is
now combined with a strong de sire to reduce capital, operating and maintenance costs. These concerns have created a need for innovative tech
nologies for building new high quality sewage treatment plants or expanding existing plants at low infrastructure costs, while generating high quality ef fluents which will meet 21st century
operation. Finally,the process is an efficient ter
tiary treatment system, reducing sus pended solids and coliforms to a mini mal level and producing an oocyst and coliform free effluent characterized by its low residual ammonia and phospho rus, even in winter conditions. The
plant's effluent meets the most strict ef-
size of the plant. Based on the munici pality's needs, the ZenoGemÂŽ ZeeWeed'^'^ plants can be designed as pack aged plants or full-scale plants, using frames to suspend the membranes inside existing tanks. The flow is generated from the out side of the membrane to the inside of
the fiber by a small vacuum. The
Conceptual Design of a single step Membrane Bioreactor process.
criteria.
The Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
process is a high efficiency activated sludge process which has been operat
^1 Aeration
ing at fiill-scale in industrial and mu
Clarifier Aeration
Tank
nicipal applications for the last decade.
'tenk
The cost-effective application of the
ctivated
process for the treatment of high flow
To Sludge
wastewaters such as municipal sewage has been developed recently as a unique,
To Sludge
Dewaterinc
Dewatering
ninps
is replaced by
immersed hollow-fiber membrane.
This process consists of a biological reactor integrated with an ultrafiltration (UF)membrane system which replaces
Zenon's single step ZenoGem^'^ producing tertiary quality
Conventional activated sludge multi-step process
producing secondary quality effluent.
effluent
the conventional clarifier ofan activated
sludge plant with an ultimate barrier for biomass control. The main operating advantages of this system are that the quality ofthe effluent is independent of the settleability ofthe mixed liquor and that no operating failure can result in the presence of suspended solids in the ef fluent. The lack of sludge settling al
lows operation of the bioreactor in ex treme conditions such as high biomass levels(15,000 - 20,000 mg/L)and high sludge retention time (SRT > 50 days) which would inevitably fail in a conven tional activated sludge process.
Operating at high biomass levels
fluent criteria's(title 22,5,5,3,1)and can be discharged directly or fed directly into a Reverse Osmosis plant for aqui fer recharge. Filtration Membrane Design The microfiltration membrane is the
heart ofthe system. This high flow plant is designed with an innovative, low operating cost microfilter membrane. This 0.2 pm microfilter is revolutionary in terms ofits design and direct immer sion inside the bioreactor but has a mem
brane chemistry which has been used by Zenon for the last decade in difficult to
treat, corrosive industrial effluents. The membrane is an immersed mem
means that the membrane bioreactor is 4 to 7 times smaller than a conventional
brane which is integrated into cassettes
bioreactor or that an existing bioreactor can be upgraded to treat 4 to 7 times
frames or into tanks, depending on the
of modules which are then inserted into
more wastewater without the need of
ent.
Because of its higher biomass con tent, the Membrane Bioreactor process can efficiently operate at high organic
loadings which translates into the need for significantly smaller bioreactors. Typical organic loadings are presented below. These are five to ten times higher than conventional municipal activated sludge plants. The MBR plant for sewage treatment is simple in its construction and opera tion. With minimum process equipment, i.e., no clarifiers, no sludge return pumps needing periodic sludge control and no
Activated Sludge ZenoGemâ&#x201E;˘ Design Typical
lower than conventional activated
*Zenon Environmental inc.,
whereas the suspended solids free efflu ent travels through the membrane and is discharged as a tertiary treated efflu
Typical Design Parameters
infrastructure construction. Operating at high SRT allows for sludge digestion to occur within the bioreactor, generat ing digested sludge volumes 50 to 80%
sludge plants, and, in small to medium plants it allows both functions to be combined in a single tank, further re ducing the plant's footprint and ease of
biomass remains inside the tank,
Design
MLVSS
1.0-2.0%
Design
Typical Design
0.1 - 0.3%
COD
2.6 - 5.0 Kg/m3/day
<1.0 Kg/m3/day
BOD
1.5-2.5 Kg/m3/day
< 0.5 Kg/m3/day
NH3
0.20â&#x20AC;˘0.40 Kg/m3/day
< 0.07 Kg/m3/day
Burlington, Ontario 44
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
By Diana Mourato, Ph.D., and Harry Marshall, C.E.T.' Schematic of ZenoGem® Process for Sewage Treatment Sewage from primary clarifier or
High quality
Aerated
Suspended Feed pumps
grit removal
Treated water
Growth Dioreaetoi'
Permeate pumps
mmmm
Clean in Place
System
1
1 - 2%
Air
Alum pump
Sludge for disposal or digestion
sludge waste
Alum
pump
storage tank 1/10 of volume Blowers
sludge digestion, the ZenoGem® plant is an easy to operate and maintain plant. The entire operation is now based on MLSS control instead ofon SVI,sludge return ratios and strict SRTs.
Plant upgrading strategy Because of its high quality effluent and capacity to operate at > 5 times higher organic loading and MLVSS,the MBR natural application in the munici pal sector is the upgrading of existing activated sludge plants into high rate ZenoGem® plants. Upgrading can be done to either meet higher hydraulic capacity (as high as 5 times the plant's capacity) or tertiary treatment effluent quality or both. BOD Removal
On a typical sewage averaging 200 mg/L BOD, the MBR effluent BOD ranges from non-detectable to 2.0 mg/ L, representing BOD removals of98% to > 99%. Table 1 presents a compari
the conventional plant has a biological activated biofilter process which is con sidered to be a very efficient process among conventional biotreatment proc esses and operates at an HRT of about 12 hours,the comparison clearly reveals the superiority of the MBR process at 2 HRT, on the same effluent. TSS Removal
than optimal conditions. This results in effective ammonia nitrogen removal. In winter conditions, typical permeate ammonia nitrogen ranges from nondetectable to 0.4 mg/1 in worst condi tions. In winter, with a HRT of2 hours, the system typically achieves 96% to > 99% ammonia removal, meeting the strictest tertiary treatment criteria.
Since the MBR effluent is filtered
through a microfiltration membrane,the effluent suspended solids(TSS)are typi cally non-detectable. Even with feed streams containing very high suspended solids (>1000 mg/L TSS), the mem brane permeate remains crystal clear, with no suspended solids. Hence, 100% removal ofsuspended solids is achieved, which is expected since the nominal pore size of the membrane is 0.2 pm. Nutrients Removal
son between the ZenoGem® effluent
The MBR operates at low HRT, with a high SRT and mixed liquor suspended solids concentration which traps the
and a high rate New Brunswick conven tional treatment plant effluent. Although
them to nitrify for survival, even in less
nitrifiers inside the bioreactor, forcing
Disinfection
The microfiltration unit is an effec
tive disinfection tool with the capabil ity to remove oocysts and bacteria from the treated effluent, avoiding in many instances the need to further disinfect
prior to discharge. Viruses are removed by adsorption to the high biomass con tent in the bioreactor. This phenomenon has been reported in the past by other authors (Fane, A.G., 1994). Sludge Yield The bioreactor sludge yield is an important factor in estimating the vol ume of sludge to be disposed and sub sequently on the operating costs. The Continued overleaf
Tablel. Typical BOD^ data obtained in the ZenoGem® plant vs. an activated sludge plant. BOD(mg/L) Date
Feed
ZenoGem™ Permeate
Percent Removal
(2 hr HRT)
Conventional Plant Effluent
Percent Removal
(> 8 hr HRT)
IS-Mar
114
2.3
98%
not available
not available
16-IVIar
46
1.0
98%
not available
not available
29-Mar
155
1.9
99%
not available
not available
31-Mar
153
0.7
>99%
15.4
90%
5-Apr
163
1.0
99%
11.9
93%
6-Apr
168
0.8
>99%
14.7
91%
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
45
Wastewater Treatment
How the U.K. is cleaning ally water
Continuedfrom page 45. system can be operated on a primary clarified effluent and hence be very ef ficient in digesting the biomass within its bioreactor, or operate directly on nonclarified sludge with a premium to pay in terms of sludge yield. The typical sludge yield in non-clari fied sewage,50 days SRT,is about 0.26
Kg TSS/Kg BOD consumed, combin ing primary and secondary sludge. If the primary sludge is removed prior to the bioreactor, higher SRT can be main tained in the bioreactor with subsequent lower sludge yields (< 0.2 kg MLVSS/
Kg BOD consumed). This is a signifi cantly lower sludge production rate than conventional biological processes that
operate at an average of0.6 kg MLVSS/ Kg BOD consumed. Furthermore, MBR sludge is already concentrated to 1% to 2% solids, which represents a fur ther sludge volume generation reduction of 2 to 4 times, for a total of 6 to 12
times less sludge. Conclusion
The MBR Process has exhibited sig nificant advantages over the designs of conventional wastewater systems in a wide size range of applications. The advent ofthe submerged membrane now allows the designs to be not only costeffective but energy efficient. The op
KHniili
eration and maintenance costs have been
wm One of tfie small, lightweight hydrocyclones being removed for Inspection.
A system that cleans up oily
water is the result of
pioneering research by the UK's Vortoil Separation Systems Limited. The company, based at Gloucester, England, has been awarded the prestigious Queen's Award for Environmental Achievement for
developing its hydrocyclone separators -the most significant advance in liquid separation technology in the last 25 years.
Originally conceived as a small, high capacity separator for use in marine oil spills, Vortoil hydrocyclones are now
widely used in offshore and onshore oil production facilities to treat large vol umes of contaminated water produced from oil reservoirs or production proc esses. More than 270 installations op erate throughout the world with Vortoil hydrocyclone separators. The hydrocyclones operate by con verting the Kinetic energy of flowing 46
Photograph by Derek Evans
liquids into powerful centrifugal forces, resulting in almost instantaneous sepa
proven to be dramatically reduced while providing an effluent quality that poten tially meets drinking water standards. The option of nitrate removal and phos phate reductions to well below required limits has been married with virtual dis
Clean water and recovered oils exit at
infection to provide a system that meets or exceeds all the current and potential future discharge requirements of all the major regulation agencies. Acknowledgements
opposite ends of the unit. On one North Sea platform, a unit containing 19 cyclone tubes is able to
edge the assistance of the Saint John Sewage Treatment Plant operators and
process about 200,000 barrels of pro duced water a day. The system helps to maintain production levels while at the same time limiting potential harm to the
Ministry of The Environment. References available on request. For more information,
ration.
Vortex action inside the tube
causes lighter liquids to flow in the op posite direction to the denser liquid.
environment.
The authors would like to acknowl
of the staff from the New Brunswick
circle reply card No.139
The de-oiling system is not restricted to use in oil and gas production and re
fining industries. Other potential appli cations are wide-ranging and include treatment of marine spills,food process ing, as well as enviromnental and indus trial processes. Vortoil Separation Systems Limited For more information, Circle reply card No. 150
For more information about advertising in ES&E,
call Penny Davey (905) 727-4666
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
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Tel: (514) 745-9050 Fax: (514) 745-9427
Wastewater Treatment
Biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters for nutrient removal To provide high carbonaceous BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus removai and to ensure compliance with discharge criteria, the Modified Phoredox process was installed at Haliburton Sewage Treatment Plant and Horizon Poultry Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ontario. Both
treatment plants have met all expectations. Since going on stream, both systems have operated in a stable manner and have yielded an excellent quality final effluent, exceeding all stipu lated discharge requirements. The final effluent is of such quality that it would be suitable for a multitude
of purposes, e.g. irrigating goif courses and agricultural lands.
Biologicalmethods are the most attractive means for treating domestic sewage and many
types of industrial effluents because they can remove a wide array ofpollutants at reasonable operating and capital costs. Research and develop ment activities in recent years have re sulted not only in a better understand ing of the fundamental biochemical re actions involved but also in the emer
Since startup, the two treatment systems, the first of their kind in Ontario, have
operated in a stable manner and have yielded a high quality final effluent, well within stipulated discharge limitations. The Modified Phoredox process is a simplified version ofthe Phoredox proc ess, which in turn is an adaptation ofthe well-known original Bardenpho system. Incidentally, the Phoredox process is usually referred to as the Modified Bardenpho process in American litera ture (Meganck and Faup, 1988). Developed by James Barnard in the
the anoxic zones, a condition necessary to obtain a consistent and high removal of phosphoms, cannot always be en sured. Therefore, the process was modi fied by installing an anaerobic zone ahead of the first anoxic zone, resulting in the Phoredox process, which is both
a nitrogen and a phosphoms removal system. Contacting the incoming wastewater and return sludge in the anaerobic tank promotes fermentation reactions and phosphoms release. The generally accepted theory for biological phosphoms removal is that
gence of novel treatment processes and process configurations. With today's technology, it is possi ble to design biological wastewater treatment systems capable of providing excellent carbonaceous BOD,nitrogen, and phosphorus removals, achieving an effluent quality previously considered unattainable without add-on tertiary processes (Tetreault and Pope, 1995).
1970s in South Africa to provide more than 90% nitrogen removal without us ing an exogenous carbon source, the original Bardenpho system consists of four completely mixed activated sludge tanks in series, followed by a clarifier from which sludge is relumed to the first basin (Meganck and Faup, US EPA, 1987). Anoxic conditions are main
One such innovative wastewater
tained in the first and third basins while
mentation products are derived from the soluble portion of the influent BOD;
the second and fourth basins are aerated.
reaction time is insufficient for hydroly
Mixed liquor not recycled from the sec
sis and conversion of the influent
ond to the first basin flows into the third basin.
cellent phosphoms removal was occur ring, raising the possibility of utilizing the process for biological phosphoras
particulate BOD. The fermentation products are pre ferred and readily assimilated and stored by the microorganisms capable of ex cess biological phosphoms removal, i.e. bacteria belonging to the Acinetobacter genus. This assimilation and stor age is aided by the energy made avail able from the hydrolysis of the stored polyphosphates during the anaerobic period. The stored polyphosphate pro vides energy for active transport of
removal as well.
substrate and the formation of aceto-
treatment system, namely the Modified Phoredox process, was implemented by Conestoga Rovers &Associates for two clients in the province of Ontario, the Town of Haliburton in 1995 and Hori
zon Poultry processing establishment in 1993. The Modified Phoredox process was chosen after a thorough review of wastewater characteristics, discharge criteria regarding BOD and nutrients, and capital and operating costs, comple mented by comprehensive bench-scale treatability studies. Furthermore, the
experience gained at the poultry plant was of great assistance in designing the treatment system for the municipality. *Conestoga-Rovers & Associates Waterloo, Ontario
Complete nitrification is achieved in the second basin and nitrates are reduced
by the endogenous respiration of the sludge microorganisms in the third ba sin. While treating domestic sewage with the Bardenpho system, it was ob served that under certain conditions ex
anaerobic-aerobic contacting results in a complete substrate utilization and se lection of phosphoms-storing microor ganisms(US EPA, 1987). Acetate and other fermentation products are gener ated from fermentation reactions by normally-occurring facultative organ isms in the anaerobic zone. These fer
However, in the original Bardenpho acetate, which is converted to PHB system the development of sufficiently (polyhydroxylbutyrate or poly-Bstringent anaerobic conditions in one of hydroxyvelerate). Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
By A. Lugowski, D. Haycock and E. del Rosso* the wastewater is higher. Municipal Wastewater Treatment The municipality where the 3-stage BNPR process was installed is the Town
The fact that phosphorus-removing
microorganisms can assimilate the fer mentation products in the anaerobic phase means that they have a competi tive advantage compared to other nor mally-occurring microorganisms in the activated sludge system. Hence, the anaerobic phase results in a population selection and development of phosphorus-storing microor ganisms. During the aerobic phase, the stored substrate products are depleted and
of Haliburton in northern Ontario.
While industries are absent, the commu
small lake via a river, had to meet the
following criteria: BOD SS Total ammonia Total phosphorus E Coli
nity is the hub of a very popular tourist area. This domestic wastewater is genMODIFIED PHOREDOX PROCESS AT
ACnVMB}SIUDG£ RETURN
the wastewater often coin cided with the nitrification
CHEWJCATFEHJ
process, causing pH fluctua
soluble phosphorus is taken up, with excess amounts stored as polyphosphates. An increase in the population ofphosphorus-storing bacte ria is also expected as a re
tions which exerted an ad TUIUBE
,
FUTURE
sult of substrate utilization.
According to the above mechanism, the level of bio
FTNAl HLTER
logical phosphorus removal achieved is directly related to
BACKWASH ITETUTNT
verse effect on sludge set tling. The chemical addition forpH control was necessary to bring the system back to stable operating conditions. New Treatment Facility The existing treatment works became inadequate when it was decided to ex
UV [RSINFECTTOM
the amount of substrate that Rguiel
Ci can be fermented by nor mally-occurring microorganisms in the anaerobic phase and subsequently as
erated not only by the local residents,
but also by the influx of visitors as well
products by phosphorus removing mi croorganisms, also in the anaerobic phase. Since the complete Phoredox system
as the numerous restaurants catering to the tourist trade. The ecology of the surrounding region is very fragile; strict regulations govern the treatment and discharge of wastewaters.
consists of five distinct tanks in addi
Previous Wastewater Treatment
tion to a secondary clarifier, associated capital costs are relatively high. To re duce capital costs, the process has been simplified by omitting the secondary anoxic and re-aeration zones, leading to a configuration called the
Facility The sewage treatment works serving the community previously was built in 1975 as a package plant and operated as an extended aeration process. It in-
similated and stored as fermentation
MODIFIED PHOREDOX PROCESS AT HORIZON POULTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Modified Phoredox or 3-
stage BNPR (biological ni trogen and phosphorus re moval)process. This system thus consists
pand the sewer service area, a move resulting in an ex pected sewage flow increase of 500%, and when the environmental regulatory authority placed more stringent criteria on the discharge. The current discharge limitations are:
BOD SS Total ammonia Total phosphorus
5 mg/L 5 mg/L < 2 mg/L 0.1 mg/L
E Coli
200 COL/mL
Since the shape and configuration of the existing treatment plant did not al low for expansion, a new facility had to be built. Replacement with the Modified Phoredox sys tem was chosen for the fol
ai&GREASE SEPARATOR
Hi
ofan anaerobic basin, an anoxic basin, and an aerated
EQUAUZAnON
HDISSOlVmAjR \ ^ ^\
TAhK
^AOHOXnJStAl
spurra BOX
1
lowing reasons, in addition to those cited already: • Frequent high organic loadings imposed on the treatment system.
WASTE ACnVATEO
APPUCAnONS
SLUDGE
• Quantity of oil and grease
basin followed by a second
ary clarifier. Sludge is recy
in the raw wastewater above ' ANAKOaiC^'i
cled from the clarifier to the anaerobic tank while some
200 COL/mL
However, the plant was frequently unable to comply with the phosphorus discharge limit because the low alkalinity of
HALIBURTON SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
fUMWCSKnON
15 mg/L 15 mg/L 2.0 mg/L 1.0 mg/L
-c INTERNAL
of the mixed liquor is recy cled from the aerated tank to
the anoxic basin. Although the Modified Phoredox sys tem is less costly than the Phoredox process, its denitrification capacity, as well as its ability to remove phosphorus, are also lower when the organic load of the in coming wastewater is low. However, these shortcomings can often be com pensated for when the organic load of
A
TURN
REaOf
normal values for sewage
TANK
due to the numerous restau
J
rants in the area. AERAJIW TANK
O-
OfOeiNE
^ CRREa
coKuacKAMea
"trsoTAiiGe
• Low alkalinity ofthe sewage which would not allow
HNALOARHTaT
for full nitrification without I%ure2
eluded a grit channel,conuninutor, aera tion tank, chlorine contact chamber,and
a sludge digester and holding tank. Phosphorus removal was accomplished by the addition of ferric chloride. The treated effluent, released into a nearby
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
chemical pH adjustment. • High chemical dosages re quired to bring phosphorus level down to 0.1 mg/L, with concomitant increase in sludge volume and operating costs. The flow diagram of the new treat ment plant is depicted in Figure 1. As Continued overleaf 49
Clear Solutions
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Depending upon the application, Microsep® delivers an array of benefits, including:
conventional methods.
• High efficiency TSS and associated BOD removal • At least an eight fold reduction in installation space • Reduced chemical consumption • Fully automated operation
This footprint reduction results in less than one eighth the installation space while still exceeding the throughput of traditional clarifiers.These benefits have made Microsep® the ideal choice for space constrained sites where land costs are at a premium or expansion limitations are prohibitive.
The Microsep® clarifier excels In the following applications: • Enhanced primary clarification
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• Potable water treatment facilities
• Existing plant performance upgrading • Combined sewer overflow treatment systems (CSO).
For more information, circle reply card No. 141 (See page 33)
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Wastewater Treatment, cont'd. indicated, the treatment sequence con sists of screening, grit removal, equali zation, 3-stage BNPR process, filtration, and disinfection by ultraviolet light ir
TABLE 1
COMPARISON OF MONTHLY CHARACTERISTICS AND DISCHARGE CRITERIA FOR BOTH PLANTS
Designed for handling 2600 mVday
Influent Effluent Criteria
aluminum sulfate and polymer. Chemi
(mg/L)
cal addition can be used for additional
TSS
phosphoms removal and polishing ofthe biologically treated effluent or enhanc ing the flocculating/settling characteris tics of the suspended solids. MLSS(mixed liquor suspended sol ids) of the aeration system ranges from 4000 to 6000 mg/L, being 60% volatiles.
(mg/L)
The internal recirculation ratio, based on
NH^N
the wastewater flow rate into the plant, is 200-300%, while the activated sludge return rate is 50-100%. Net sludge pro
(mg/L)
Total phosphorus content of the sludges varies from 4 to 6%.
Total cost of the plant was $2.5 mil lion(US). About 25% ofthis figure was spent on earthworks in the very difficult and rocky terrain. New Plant Performance
Construction of the plant was com
pleted in May 1995 and startup com
500
180
BOD
800.5
3.5
15
203
2.2
5.0
10.0
95.6
5.70
15
203
1.4
5.0
10.0
61.0
2.30
15
13.8
0.22
1.0
7.45
0.05
0.1
0.1
53.7
2.63
15.0
47
0.90
7.4
0.32
10.0
26
0.11
2.0
5.0
<1
10
<200
FOG
(mg/L) Total P
(mg/L) TKN
(mg/L)
NO3-N (mg/l)
4.4
9.5
E. Coll
(COU lOOmL
6x10ÂŽ
<1
200
While processing of poultry is the pre dominant activity, the plant also makes pizzas and pork products. Production of pizzas and pork accounts for approxi mately 15 to 20% ofthe wastewater flow. Previous Wastewater Treatment
Facility The original wastewater treatment
menced the next month. The process
system was constructed in the 1960s and upgraded in 1989. Designed to handle
required 30 days to stabilize and since
the wastewater arising from the process
then has run smoothly with minimal op erator attention. The quality ofthe final effluent has been superior, well within discharge criteria. Moreover, the discharge is free from
ing of 200,000 birds/week, it consisted of grease traps, equalization, dissolved air flotation, extended aeration biologi
pathogenic microorganisms as a result of disinfection by ultraviolet light irra diation. Given the high quality of the discharge, it is expected that eutrophication of the recipient lake will be ar rested and soon reversed. At the cur
rent operational conditions, 20-30% of the influent BOD load is stabilized by denitrification. Furthermore almost fifty
percent ofthe alkalinity consumed dur ing nitrification was regenerated by denitrification, thus eliminating the need for chemical pH adjustment. Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Horizon Poultry plant, the site ofthe second Modified Phoredox system, is located in central Ontario. Only second
ary processing takes place; slaughtering of the birds is performed elsewhere.
Non-
Flow
Also included in the design were provi sions for chemical addition, namely
removed, and the sludge concentration in the activated sludge return is 1-1.2%.
Influent Effluent Design
Compliance
(m^/day)
duction(waste activated sludge)is about 0.5 kg of total MLSS per kg of BOD
Criteria
Parameter
of wastewater, the design of the plant is such that it allows for a future expan sion of50% with minimal modifications.
Municipal
Food Processing
radiation.
4x10ÂŽ
oxide and chlorine had to be applied to
suppress the growth of filamentous mi croorganisms. Moreover, frequent reseeding of the treatment plant was re
quired in order to attain the prescribed effluent quality criteria. These correc tive measures increased the operational costs of the plant by 30-40%. New Treatment Facility A new treatment approach was ne cessitated not only by the substandard performance ofthe existing facility but also by the expansion of the poultry
processing operations from 150,000 lbs
cal treatment, and disinfection with chlo
to 400,000 lbs/week of product. To
rine prior to discharge into a nearby river. The effluent criteria stipulated for the plant and still currently in force are;
overcome the problems at minimal capi tal cost expenditures and to ensure com pliance with the prevailing discharge criteria, the treatment system was refur
BOD SS Oil & grease TKN
15 mg/L 15 mg/L 15 mg/L 15 mg/L
Ammonia nitrogen Total phosphorus
10 mg/L 1.0 mg/L
EColi
20COL/100mL
bished and converted from a conven tional extended aeration to a Modified
Phoredox process(Figure 2). Although chlorine is currently employed for dis infection, it is planned to replace it by ultraviolet light irradiation in the near
future. Although the treatment plant was de Operating parameters are very simi signed to handle the organic loading, high concentrations of oil & grease in lar to those described previously for the municipal wastewater treatment facility. the raw wastewater stimulated the pro All the pertinent modifications were liferation of filamentous bacteria, pre venting the proper settling ofsludge. As completed in 1993 and the total cost in volved was approximately $150,000 a result, upsets became a common oc currence, creating process losses and (US). The advantages ofthe new treatment leading to a deterioration in effluent Continued on page 82 quality. Large amounts of hydrogen per
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
51
Water System Efficiency
New techniques for the reduction of unaccounted-for water
Operators of municipal water distribution sys
tems are faced with an
ever-increasing need to better understand their systems and to become more efficient. The gradual change from supply side management, where the infrastructure is simply in creased to keep up with demand, to de mand side management, focusing on water efficiency, is an integral part of this responsibility. For example, water system operators now have several new techniques to help them find,reduce and control unaccounted-for or non revenue water.
These new techniques, coupled with traditional methods ofleak detection, al
low system operators to not only sig nificantly reduce their unaccounted-for water but to maintain it at the reduced
levels. In today's world ofever-increas ing costs, tight capital and accountabil ity, efficiency is critical. It is not unusual within NorthAmeri-
can municipalities for unaccounted-for water to comprise between 10% to 30% of the total water supplied. Leakage normally accounts for be tween 30% to 70% of the non revenue
water in a system. As water leaks from a pipe it generates several vibrations or sounds which can be heard by special
water leakage detection is still not an exact science and is influenced by such factors as the experience of the opera tor, the type of equipment, the type of pipe, background noise and the size of
gram of sounding and correlation by either utility staff or by an outside con sultant. This is a process where crews systematically work their way through a system sounding all curb stops, hy drants, valves and other assessable fit
the leak.
There used to be three main meth
ods of leakage detection. The first be ing a type ofcrisis management or wait ing for the water from breaks to surface. Unfortunately, this method can also re sult in road or sewer cave-ins, customer
complaints, supply and pressure prob lems, premium costs for break repair and large volumes ofnon revenue water lost. The second method is an ongoing leak detection program in which utility staff combine leakage detection with other activities. For example, when rou tine valve or hydrant maintenance is carried out, sounding of the local area is done at the same time. This can be
effective, but coverage ofthe system can be sporadic and time can be wasted sounding "good" areas while the "bad" areas go unattended.
The third method is a scheduled pro
tings, listening for the characteristic noise frequencies ofleaking water. This method ofleak detection is arguably the most effective. However, not all sec
tions of a distribution system have pro portional amounts of leakage and, as with other methods, time can be wasted
surveying "good" areas when it might be more cost-effective to spend addi tional time in the "bad" areas. It also
sometimes happens that what we regard as "good" areas are not always so good and the "bad" areas are not always so bad. One drawback to the traditional
methods of leak survey is that there is no way of telling how effective a sur vey has been. If no, or very few, leaks are found during a survey it means either that there were no leaks present or that the survey was not effective. The
DISTRICT ONE "E" ZONE THREE FLOW PROFILE FLOW PROFILE
instruments. These instruments detect
leak noises transmitted through the soil or by direct contact on the pipe and pin point the leak location accordingly. Leakage detection instruments range from simple geophones to sophisticated computer-based leak noise correlators. Geophones look like a doctor's stetho scope and are designed to listen on fire hydrants or valves for leak noise. The most popular leak detection instrument is the ground microphone type which electronically amplifies the leakage fre quencies and provides some filtering of other noises.
The leak noise correlator, is a micro processor controlled instrument which
uses the time delay ofan induced signal on the pipe to pinpoint the location of
the leak. This technology has improved dramatically over the past five years and can now locate even the most difficult
leaks accurately. However, traditional
MAIN BREAK 12* 0.1. ON EAST AVENUE
MAXIMUM FLOW
HYDRANTS FL0WINC3?
AVERAGE FLOW
fMINIMUM FLOW 01:44
0«:4«
».Si
<MM
ttOO
LEAKAGE IS EXPRESSED EITHER AS A % OF AVERAGE DAILY FLOW OR AS A FIGURE PER PROPERTY PER HOUR
LEAKAGE CALCULATIONS:
MINIMUIW NIGHT FLOW = 54 IGPM MAJOR CONSUMMERS LEGITIMATE CONSUMPTION = 0 IGPM RESIDENTIAL ALLOWANCE @ 2LITRES PER PROPERTYPER HOUR = 7 IGPM LEAKAGE AS A % OF AVERAGE DAILY FLOW 22% LEAKAGE IN GALLONS PER PROPERTY PER HOUR 3
*HEATH Consultants Limited 52
Environmental Science
Engineering, September 1996
By David Keeling, P.Eng.' system operator does not know which
DISTRICT ONE "E"
is the case. Even unaccounted-for fig
ures cannot give a definite indication since those figures may be caused by
ZONE TWO STEP TEST
other things such as meter or consump tion estimate inaccuracies.
STEP No
TIME OFF TIME ON
Over the past few years several new techniques have been developed to pro
DHOPGPM
1.47
3.07
5
1.59
3.03
20
vide better and more cost-effective leak
223
3.22
5
age detection and control programs. Before any major leakage detection project begins, it is important to know
2.29
2.59
34
2.49
3.33
4
2.54
2.56
32
COMMENTS
SOUND FOR LEAKAGE SOUND FOR LEAKAGE
SOUND FOR LEAKAGE
SUMMARYI
what the true unaccounted-for figures are and whether a leakage detection pro
LEAK LOCATED
2
LEAKS LOCATED LEAK LOCATED
gram is indeed justified. Depending on the system, there are several things that
TOTAL LOCATED LEAKAGE 86 IGPM
should be considered before actually
conducting the leakage detection pro gram.
STEP OWE
Often the first step is to test any sup ply meters and large consumer meters for accuracy. In unmetered systems,
STEP TWO
A/-STEP THREE
temporary metering can be installed to confirm the estimates. Ifthe supply and
STET FOUR
consumption figures are wrong,then the unaccounted-for figures may also be wrong and the lost water problem may be bigger or smaller than originally thought. A meter replacement program based on proper sizing may be more
STEP FIVE
STEP SIX 01:30
01:3$
01-40
OEC
OESI
OESS
02CS
0210
0213
02X
02
023S
0240
02<3
O230
0233
TtMB ON OCTOBEit 21.1S92
cost-effective than a leakage detection program.
are used because water consumption is
be made before surveying each zone as
Other reviews of meter reading lag time, consumption estimates, account
to whether or not there is sufficient leak
ing practices or conversion factors may
at a minimum at night and it is easier to identify and subtract the legitimate flows. If night flows, minus any legiti
eliminate some of the unaccounted-for volumes as well.
mate flows are close to zero, leakage is
down further. Zones (ideally of 1000
also close to zero and an intensive leak
Recently a software program has been adapted to the North American
flows minus the legitimate flows are
to 3000 properties)that can be supplied by one or two feeds can be monitored individually. By successively closing
benefits of various leakage control al
high, then a major leakage detection program may be warranted. When a leakage survey is undertaken, the vol
of pipe and recording the correspond ing reduction in flow on the meter, leak
ternates.
umes lost can serve as a benchmark or
locations can be narrowed down to a
situation that calculates both volumes of non revenue water and the economic
age survey is not warranted. If night
age to justify the survey and repair costs. This technique can again be broken
valves within the zone to isolate sections
This program was developed over goal for evaluating the leakage survey very small area. The leak or leaks can many years and at great expense by the and for providing concrete cost benefit then be located using traditional meth large British water utilities for the U.K. justification figures. Once the survey ods. A large reduction in flow indicates Leakage Control Initiative. It provides has been completed and the leaks re the existence of a leak within the sec the water system operator with informa paired, the night flow monitoring can tion isolated. This procedure is usually tion indicating which leakage control be repeated to determine the volume of conducted at night and is generally re measures would be the best for his or ferred to as a step test. The advantage of water saved. her particular utility before any pro This type offlow monitoring is gen this technique is that areas and volumes grams are started. This program has erally done using temporary insertion of leakage can be quickly located with proven to be very accurate for North meters and data loggers. out having to survey the entire system. American water distribution systems. Many ofthe new techniques for leak The monitoring offlows can be taken age detection can be used for ongoing Perhaps the best tool for developing one step further for an even more effec the most effective leakage control pro tive survey. Instead of monitoring the leakage control. By monitoring the gram for a particular system is to moni entire system, individual zones can be night flows continuously, unusual in tor minimum night flows. Since leaks monitored. The information obtained creases in volumes are recorded. By flow twenty-four hours a day, the night from this monitoring can then be used watching and knowing the system it can flows, minus any legitimate flows,such to plan a leakage detection program be determined if the volume increase is as commercial cleaning or twenty-four where the zones of high night flows or a leak or something else. Then, by step hour process loads, give a true volume high leakage are surveyed first and the testing and sounding or correlating, the Continued overleaf ofwater lost due to leakage. Nightflows returns are the greatest. Decisions can Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
53
Water System Efficiency, cont'd. leak can be located and fixed very rap idly. This technique is cost-effective in that the utility is not paying to treat and
transport water that is never used. Nor is the utility exposed to as much risk of road collapse, basement flooding or sup ply problems that can occur from long running leaks. In some countries dis trict flow metering is the most common method of leakage control. The information obtained from the
zone flow monitoring is also very use ful for computer network model calibra tion, operational efficiency and expan sion planning. Another method of ongoing leakage control gaining popularity is pressure control. Most systems are designed to provide a minimum pressure(usually for fire fighting) at peak flow. At off peak periods the pressure in the system in creases. The higher the pressure, the higher the flow through leaks. Several areas have had great success with install ing pressure recording devices that con trol pressure reducing valves (PRVs) allowing them to reduce the pressure in a system depending on the flow. By ad justing the pressure into an area depend ing on flow, these devices ensure that
the minimum pressure at the extremity of the system is maintained at all times but the overall pressure in the system can be reduced. The reduced pressure results in lower leakage losses. The techniques described above have proven to be very effective in signifi cantly reducing the unaccounted-for water in several Canadian water utili
ties and for developing ongoing leak age detection and control programs.
One Canadian municipality, for example, with
of the utility. Each utility has different requirements and is in a different situa tion with respect to water supply, water treatment, system capacity, system con dition and finances. Leakage detection and control programs must be designed to suit the needs of the particular utility. The techniques described here or modi fications to them, have helped several utilities to develop more effective leak age control programs which have re duced their operating costs and im proved their operating efficiency. Reduction ofimaccotmted-for or non
revenue water can be coupled with other conservation programs like public con
unaccounted-for numbers
of only about 12%, realized savings of almost $1,000,000 per year.
servation,ICI audits, residential retrofit
Payback has proven to be very quick. One Canadian municipality, for exam ple, with tmaccounted-for numbers of only about 12%, realized savings of al most $ 1,000,000 per year. Similar tech niques have been used in Europe for many years with excellent results. The best method of leakage detec tion and control is very dependent on the type of system and customer base
programs, etc., to further reduce de mands on the system and both save op erating dollars and defer expensive sys tem expansion. The advantage of re ducing the non revenue water is that more revenues are realized (or costs avoided) without reducing legitimate consumption. Reduced leakage can also reduce in filtration into the sewer system and save money in that area as well. For more information, circle reply card No. 143
Announcement
Q
WaterGroup
• Filtration
• Membrane Systems • ion Exchange
• Lakeside Equipment Corp. • Aeration
• "Rotamat" Screens and Grit Removal
• Spiraflo Peripheral Feed Clarifiers
265 INDUSTRIAL ROAD,CAMBRIDGE, ONTARIO (519)650-1380 FAX:(519)653-7074
Schlumberger Industries, the world's largest manufacturer of water meters, Is setting up a service centre at the former CFB Chatham, New Brunswick site.
The new centre will provide a wide variety of services to utilities in the Maritimes, including meter installation, reading and billing serv ices; maintenance, repair and meter replacement services; and tech nical support. "Our nation-wide project management team has installed and tested thousands of meters throughout Canada," said Joe O'Neill, Schlumberger Canada Inc.'s Technical Service Group Director, "and we look forward to servicing Eastern Canada with this new centre." "In addition to the technical side, we offer complete field service and water efficiency project handling capabilities," O'Neill added. "For example, we can develop and implement water conservation programs, provide water audits and rate studies, and conduct system evaluations and performance analyses, to name just a few. We give utilities the best possible products and services, and they In turn can pass that quality on to their clients." "Schlumberger Industries is a solid company which is well-known for its expertise and commitment to customer service," said New Bruns wick Premier, Frank McKenna. "It will be bringing much-needed jobs to this region, and helping to diversify the local economy." Schlumberger, formerly Neptune Meters, has had operations in Canada since 1919 and is the only water meter company In the world which provides specialized services such as meter installation/diagnostic/changeout, AMP program management, revenue management consulting and financial services. It now has three customer service centres headquartered in Canada: the new Miramichi centre, and two others in Kelowna, B.C. and Brampton, Ontario. For more information, contact;
580 PARK ST., REGINA, SASKATCHEWAN
(306)761-3210, FAX:(306)721-5610
For more information, circle reply card No. 227 (See page 33)
Rita Adrienne, Schlumberger Industries Tel: (905) 858-4211, Fax:(905) 858-0428
■
1
Schlumberger
For more information, circle reply card No. 228 (See page 33)
What if you discovered a new source of cash right under your city streets? There's a lot more to enhancing revenue than replacing water meters. Schlumberger's new consulting business, Revenue Management Service(RMS),Is uniquely quali fied to assist utilities and municipalities looking for ways to enhance revenue without overstretching budgets. This professional service can help you Increase revenue based on meter replacement, sizing, application, and mainte nance with guaranteed results.
From years of experience, RMS has substantial meter accuracy data related to manufacturer, model, age and application.
An Innovative model accurately forecasts revenue gains prior to field testing, providing an opportunity to assess revenue gains before committing to renovation programs. RMS studies distribution system losses and negotiates performance contracts, using its own capital to renovate the metering system.
If you would like to hear more about how to convert your water system losses to cash, please give us a call.
Schlumberger f industries Measurement Division Canada 1-800-363-7886
For more information, circle reply card No. 144(See page 33)
Remediation
By C. LadanowskP,J. Payne^ and L. Davidson^
Environmental assessment and remediation of former missile sites in Ukraine
Following the collapse of the
Soviet Union, Ukraine was
left with 176 nuclear-armed Intercontinental Ballistic Mis
siles (ICBMs) and 40 nuclear capable strategic bombers. Under the Tripartite Agreement and the Strategic Arms Re duction Treaty (START) Agreement, Ukraine will return the nuclear warheads to Russia and remove and dismantle the missiles from their silos and render the
silos inoperable.
In April 1994, Canada announced a $15 million assistance package as part of Canada's contribution to Western
support of Ukraine's efforts to promote denuclearization and encourage Ukrain ian accession to the Non Proliferation
Treaty (NPT). The assistance program will make Canadian expertise available to address such urgent needs as nuclear waste management, enhanced civilian nuclear-safety systems and environmen tal remediation. The Ukrainians have
expressed a strong interest in Canadian cooperation and technical assistance and they have identified the remediation of former ICBM sites and associated fa
cilities as a priority need. Assistance for the actual process of removing the nuclear warheads and de activating the missiles and their silos is being provided by USA and Russia, who have direct experience with nuclear weapons and their delivery systems. Canada has proven expertise in impor tant complimentary areas of environ mental assessment, monitoring, and remediation of sites contaminated by
Ukrainian driii rig with Canadian-Ukrainian personnel in background. Photo by Laurence Davidson (GIL)
they have sought the assistance of Canada which has the technical capa bility to make a positive, direct contri
need to be carried out in order to suc
cessfully implement a teclmical environ mental assistance project. Current environmental status of
bution to denuclearization efforts.
In May 1994, a Canadian project technical design mission visited Ukraine to discuss the proposed project with the Ministries ofDefence(MOD),Environ mental Protection (ME?) and Foreign Affairs (MFA). The mission visited a decoiumissioned ICBM training site and conducted interviews with some of the
potential training candidates. A proto col was signed establishing the respon sibilities and reporting relationships be tween Ukrainian and Canadian officials,
and identifying specific activities that
ICBM sites and associated facilities
Until 1995, Ukraine had not con
ducted any systematic environmental assessment of its ICBM sites and asso
ciated facilities. However, it is known
from past experience with former So viet military sites that severe environ mental clean-up problems can be antici pated which involve petroleum prod ucts, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesti cides, heavy metals, missile fuels and their oxidants. "Heptyl"(1,1,-dimethyl Continued on page 59
toxic chemicals. The contamination of soil and
groundwater at former ICBM sites through spills and other exposure poses enormous environmental risks. The re
moval of the highly toxic and corrosive agents associated with nuclear missiles
vor*?'*"-'
••
••
as well as the decontamination of the
sites poses further environmental risks unless undertaken by properly trained and equipped teams of experts. In view of the above, Ukraine has expressed concern about undertaking the environ mental remediation of the ICBM sites
and associated facilities. Consequently, 'Environment Canada,
^Fenco MacLaren Inc. (FMI) ^Gartner Lee Limited 56
Big Beaver hydraulic power auger. Photo by John Payne (FMI) Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
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The Load Runner X-Series transfer trailer is
a new innovative approach to transfer solid waste in rural-remote areas, as well as inner
For more information,
cities without the expense of siting or constructing a transfer facility. ■ Reduce hauling costs with this mobile waste transfer system.
circle reply card No. 145
■ Loading is easily accomplished from stationary or mobile loading ramps. ■ Expandable rear side walls allow for rear loading directly from route trucks.
■ Four standard models to choose
from in 45' to 53' lengths.
Special rear section
expands 10" For more information contact:
on each side to accommodate
rear loading.
Brothers Industries
Flwy. 59 South, P.O. Box 409 Morris, Minnesota 56267
BROTHERS
INDUSTRIES INC.
320-589-1971
FAX 320-589-1974
1-800-833-6045
Cut weight% assembly time V2 with grooved'end eccentric plug valves. • Install, maintain Vic-Plug with just two Victaulic couplings. • Rugged ductUe iron body
weighs Vs less than flanged valves.
• Fully-coated eccentric plug seals on corrosion resistant nickel seat.
• Conforms to AWWA C-6O6
groove and C-509 end-to-end dimensions.
• Available with manual, gear or
SelNubricatmg stainless bearings.
remote actuation. Fully encapsulated eccentric
plug. Posmve
sealing up to
175 psl
Available in sizes from 3"through 12", versatile Vic-Piug is ideal for deadtight shut- off or flow balancing in municipal water piping systems where solids may he a problem.
CaU your local Victaulic® distributor or Victaulic Company of Canada, 65 Worcester Road,Rexdale, Ontario M9W 5N7.Phone 4x6/675-5575. Fax 416/675-5729.
Minimum diameter tree flow area for
iCtauliC' \A
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exceptional
OiialirvCp QuaUty Certified ISO 9002 and CAN 3-Z299.3
seat for longer
© 1994 Victaulic Company of Canada. All rights reserved.
For more information, circle reply card No. 229(See page 33)
The Workhorse SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
For water disinfection, wastewater treatment, odour
control, cyanide removal, and general sanitation and rS-
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COLGATE-PALMOUVE CANADA INC. Professional Products Division 6400 Northwest Drive
Mississauga, Ontario Canada L4V1K1
Tel. (905) 678-2051 FAX (905) 678-0898 Plant Locations: Moncton, Montreal, Toronto, Edmonton
For more information, circle reply card No. 146 (See page 33)
Remediation, cont'd. hydrazine)fuel and "Amy!"(nitric acid)
oxidizer are commonly used to propel SS-19 missiles which form the bulk of Ukraine's nuclear arsenal. The areas involved are substantial.
EED undertakes engineering research, development, evaluation and demon stration work on technologies for con taining and cleaning up water and soil contaminated with chemicals and oils.
General description of training program
Each silo installation encompasses some
1 square kilometre, and silos are grouped in regiments of 10 over a 60 x 80 kilo metre area. There are 18 regiments de ployed in Ukraine. The sites comprise notjust the silos, but also such areas as: command, control and communication facilities; storage and fuelling areas; liv
ing quarters; and vehicle parks. Many of these sites are suspected to be highly contaminated as a result of spills and improper disposal of fuels and other hazardous chemicals. The problems af fecting ground water, surface water and the local biology must be solved ifthese locations are to be returned to produc tive civilian uses. Goal of the environmental
assessment and remediation project The goal of the Environmental As sessment and Remediation Project (EAR?)is to give Ukraine the independ ent capability to undertake environmen tal assessment and remediation offormer
ICBM sites, including the infrastructure and facilities surrounding the actual ICBM sites. The goal will be achieved by: â&#x20AC;˘providing Ukraine with Canadian tech niques and equipment for continuing environmental assessment and remedi
ation by training and equipping a cadre of Ukrainian engineers, chemists and technologists; and â&#x20AC;˘ giving Ukraine the capability to estab lish its own training programs in the fu ture using the small cadre of Canadiantrained experts to introduce to, and train, other Ukrainians in Canadian procedures and technology. Management of environmental assessment and remediation project The EAR? is structured as a Cana
dian public and private joint project to be carried out by the Emergencies Engi neering Division(EED)ofEnvironment Canada and private sector partners Fenco MacLaren Inc.(FMI)and Gartner Lee Limited(GLL). The philosophy for this structure is to promote Canadian techniques and equipment in Ukraine and other eastern European countries with the support of the Canadian gov ernment.
EED is part ofEnvironment Canada's Environmental Technology Centre which provides technical support to pol lution assessment and control programs.
Under the EARP, 18 to 24 Ukrain
ians consisting of engineers and scien tists will be trained in Canada, each for
a 10 to 12 month period. The first group of nine trainees arrived in June 1995
while the second group oftwelve to fif teen trainees will arrive in September 1996.
mation; Laboratory Safety; Steps for Conducting Environmental Site Assess ment; Field and Laboratory Analytical Methods; Personal Protective Equip ment and Clothing; Environmental Phi losophy; Environmental Regulations and Criteria; Identification, Classification and Assessment ofContaminated Sites;
Geophysical Investigation Techniques; Drilling; Installing Monitoring Wells; Sample Collection, Logging and Analy sis; Quality Assurance/Quality Control; Risk Assessment; Steps for Choosing
and Implementing Remedial Technolo gies; Health and Safety; Public Involve
The trainees for the EARP are pri marily from the Ukrainian Ministry of
ment and Community Relations; Site Closure; and Long-term Monitoring. The second part covers training in: English, computers, finances, account ability; project management; and time management in the Canadian workplace. The informal training comprises: tours of companies (e.g., Boart Longyear, Seprotech, Biorem, Wastewater Technology Centre); tours of centres (e.g., National Environmental Emer gency Centre, Canadian Transport Emergency Centre); tours of Universi ties (e.g., McGill, Ottawa, Carleton); demonstration of laboratory analytical instruments (e.g., inductively coupled Defence(MOD)since this is expected plasma spectrophotometer, x-ray fluoro to be the group most closely associated sensor); workshops(e.g., bioremediation, toxicology); evaluation of environmen with the actual remediation of the sites. However, representatives from the tal assessment and remediation propos Ukrainian Academy of Science and als; participation in Canadian environ Ukrainian Ministry of Environmental mental assessment and remediationjobs; analysis of soil and water samples; de Protection are also included. The velopment ofanalytical and remediation Ukrainian MOD has stated that all train methods specific to Ukrainian environ ees will work in environmental assess mental problems; and job shadowing. ment and remediation activities at Preliminary environmental former ICBM sites for a minimum of assessment of former ICBM site two years after the completion of thenA preliminary enviromuental site as training in Canada. The formal or "classroom" training sessment demonstration at a former of the Ukrainian personnel takes place ICBM site (No. 38), near the city of Khmmelnitsky,took place in September primarily at the facilities of the Cana dian private sector partners located in 1995. The facilities at the base included a silo, a command position, a power gen Toronto and at EED in Ottawa. The in formal or "hands-on" training consists erating station with two underground of visits and job shadowing, giving the diesel fuel tanks, a gas station with five trainees an opportunity to visit and work underground fuel tanks; an oil tank; groundwater well; refrigeration building; with staff on active projects in environ mental assessment and remediation.
Approximately 60-70% of their train ing period is with EED while 30-40% is
with the private sector partners. The formal training is divided into two areas:(1) conducting environmen tal assessment and remediation; and(2)
vehicle maintenance area; and under ground complex. The purpose of the demonstration was three-fold:(1)to acquaint the team with the history, layout and environmen tal conditions of a typical Ukrainian launch site and command post; (2) to
business activities in Canada.
provide an opportunity for the Ukrain
The first part covers training in: Workplace Hazardous Materials Infor
ians to obtain hands-on assessment train
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
ing and experience on their own terri59
Remediation, cont'd. the current infrastructure in Ukraine for
the missile and its fuel being removed; their surface sampling and analysis pro
undertaking environmental assessment
gram indicated very little contamination.
and remediation activities.
This information assisted in planning the activities for the preliminary envi
safety of those working in the area. A plan was developed and explained to all members of the team. A grid was set up and a geophysical survey was conducted to determine the presence of anomalies
ronmental site investigation. The base personnel were briefed on planned ac
drums, buried pipes). A soil gas vapour
tory; and(3)to familiarize the team with
Initially, representatives from the
Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Envi ronmental Protection and the Ukrainian
Scientific-Technical Centre(SENSOR) were interviewed to determine past ac tivities on the base and the availability of any reports. A preliminary report by
tivities, questioned whether they were aware of any environmental problems on the base, and requested for assistance with logistical needs.
SENSOR indicated that the first missile
An initial visual reconnaissance ofthe
complex was placed on the Khmmelnitsky base in 1970, with sub sequent modifications in later years and
site was conducted to determine target areas for further investigation. Radia tion and air quality monitoring were
its eventual dismantlement in 1993 with
conducted to ensure the health and
FAX (905)841-7271 for quick response Company Name;
Area Code &Tel:
Name:
Title:
vapour surveys, boreholes were drilled and monitoring wells were installed in select locations. An elevation survey was conducted to tie in the groundwater levels.
Surface and subsurface water
and soil samples were collected, logged and analysed in the field and EED labo ratories. As part of the work, a Ukrain ian drill rig was used for soil investiga tion near the silo and field analytical equipment was set up in two Ukrainian military mobile analytical laboratories. The results of these analyses indi cated the nature, extent and migration of contaminants. The results generally confirmed the preliminary work by SEN
Prov:
tively clean: although there was some minor gasoline, diesel and fuel oil im pact around the support buildings.
Postal Code:
Future Plans The Canadian-Ukrainian Team had
Signature: MAIN BUSINESS ACTIVITY
□ Municipal & Govt. Official □ Provincial Government □ Federai Government
□ Consulting engineer/consultant D Industrial (Please specify area of activity)
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For more information about products, services and articies in this issue (September '96), you can A Mail in the separate Reader Service Card B Fax this page to (905) 841-7271 for fast service (You can also mail this if faxing is not convenient) Be sure to fill in your name, address and job function and signature. ENViRONMENTAL Science & Engineering 220 Industrial Pkway. 8., Unit 30, Aurora, Ontario, Canada L4G 3V6 60
survey was conducted to determine the
presence of any significant organics. Based on the geophysical and soil gas
SOR that the former ICBM site was rela
Address:
City:
(e.g., underground storage tanks, buried
an opportunity to conduct an environ mental assessment investigation at a Canadian site in May 1996 which was the final stage of the Ukrainians' oneyear training period in Canada. The nine Ukrainian trainees returned to Ukraine
at the end of May 1996 and joined the Canadian-Ukrainian Team for a more detailed environmental assessment in
vestigation at a Ukrainian site inAugust 1996 where they implemented their newly acquired skills. A Canadian con sultant, Laurence Davidson (GLL), will stay with the Ukrainian Team to con tinue environmental assessment inves
tigations at other sites from September 1996 to July 1997.
The second group of twelve to fif teen trainees will arrive in Canada for a
one-year training period in September 1996. The Canadian-Ukrainian Team, including both groups of Ukrainian trainees, will conduct an environmen tal remediation demonstration on a site
in August 1997. A Canadian consult ant, Ed Lloyd (FMI), will stay with the Ukrainian Team to continue environ mental remediation activities at other
sites from September 1997 to July 1998. For more information,
circle reply card No. 147
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Watershed Management
By M.D. Conetta, P.Eng^ and P.O. Cookson, P.Eng^
Lessons learned In applying provincial guidelines to a mature subwatershed
Many agencies and munici
palities have recognized the need to protect and re generate natural processes
and habitats of the land and water re
sources under their jurisdictions. Re cently, attempts to do this are being car ried out, integrating environmental con siderations into land use planning on a subwatershed basis.
The City ofScarborough,in Ontario, has taken this process one step further by applying the subwatershed planning process to a mature subwatershed. In June 1993, the City of Scarborough
shed planning process to Centennial Creek. The main focus of this article is
to identify the major challenges encoun tered and to document lessons learned. Evolution of Subwatershed
Planning In the early 1980s, the management of water resources focused primarily on water quantity aspects which basically included impacts on flood and erosion control and on design of major/minor systems. In the mid-to-late 1980s, water quality concerns were recognized as being an integral part of water re sources management to address fisher
early 1990s, it became clear that tradi tional approaches to dealing with water resources management were riot ad equate. The concepts of "watershed" and "subwatershed plarming" were sub sequently introduced which encouraged an ecosystem-based approach to water resources and land use management, within the boundaries of the catchment area.
Figure 1 illustrates how the water
shed plans, subwatershed plans and stqrmwater management and erosion/ sediment control plans fit into the mu nicipal planning hierarchy.
commissioned MacViro Consultants
ies and other water use-related issues.
As noted in the document entitled
Inc. to undertake a study of the Centen nial Creek subwatershed. Unlike pre
By the late 1980s, other concerns were identified related to baseflows, groundwater,stream geomorphology, wetlands, and aquatic/wildlife habitats. By the
"Subwatershed Planning"^ there are
vious subwatershed studies, this
subwatershed has some special consid
broad environmental and economic ben
efits derived from undertaking subwatershed planning. Water management
erations:
â&#x20AC;˘ It is in a mature state of development since over 85 percent of the catchment area is developed. The evolution to a more integrated comprehensive plarming approach, while ideal for undeveloped areas, is challenging for highly urban
Figure 1. Integrating Water Management Objectives into Municipal Planning Documents Interim Guidelines
ized areas since commitments for fur
ther development require undoing en trenched attitudes ofpoliticians and staff. These require change to achieve new planning scenarios geared towards pro tection, regeneration and enhancements.
i 1
â&#x20AC;˘ The Class Environmental Assessment
1
for Municipal Water and Wastewater Projects' has recently been amended to provide for the preparation of Master
Upper tier Municipal Plan
Plan & by-laws Subwatershed Plan
1
Cumulative environmental effects are defined as the combined environmental
effects occurring in a defined area over time. The limited experience with CEA has been for specific projects, whereas for this application it is for a plan. The integration of the above-noted aspects presented a special set of prob lems in the application ofthe subwater
Plan
Local Official
Plans which included the first two
phases of the Class EA process. This study was extended to include compo nents of additional phases that could be incorporated into the preparation of the Environmental Study Report(ESR). â&#x20AC;˘ Integration of Cumulative Effects As sessments(CEA)into the process to as sess the. various planning scenarios.
Watershed
1
Official Plan Amendments
Plan of Subdivision
Stormwater
Management & Erosion/Sediment
'MacViro Consultants Inc.
^Glty of Scarborough Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Control Plan
Ministries of the Environment S. Natural Resources 61
Watershed Management, cont'd. and land use planning are considered in terms of the whole ecosystem on a subwatershed basis, irrespective of local
• pressure for further new development and infilling, and • development of a Greenway Strategy
municipal boundaries. Furthermore, sub watershed goals, objectives and tar gets are to be considered prior to or con currently to the formulation of the offi
in a mature subwatershed.
cial plan documents. Regional Setting Centeimial Creek is located in the
eastern part of the City of Scarborough.
It is a tributary of Highland Creek with its natural boundary lying between High land Creek on the west and Rouge River on the east. The main branch of Cen
teimial Creek flows in a southerly direc
tion from Highway 401 and discharges into Highland Creek just north of the CNR tracks.
Previous to the expansion of High way 401, the headwaters of Centennial Creek originated in the ancient Iroquois shoreline ridge and extended approxi mately to Sheppard Avenue in the East. With the expansion ofthe Highway,the
Challenges encountered The study team encountered many challenges in conducting the Centennial Creek subwatershed smdy. These chal lenges included: • Application of an ecosystem-based planning approach in a retrofit condition where the subwatershed was already in a highly urbanized state ofdevelopment. • Dealing with ongoing development applications and commitment by coun cil and staff to existing land use during the study. At the initial phase of the study there were about 50 development applications to be dealt with. • Some part ofthe creek and valley lands ...there are broad environmental and economic benefits derived from
tennial Creek was eliminated and the
undertaking subwatershed planning. Water management and land use planning are
drainage area reduced from approxi
considered in terms of the
mately 954 hectares to 611 hectares. At
whole ecosystem on a
physical link to the lower part of Cen
present, the Centennial Creek subwatershed has reached a substantially urbanized state of development with
predominantly residential land use. Environmental Issues Most of the Centennial Creek sub-
watershed was cleared for agricultural purposes during the last century or ear lier, resulting in the greatest impact on natural habitat. Clearing of the natural forests and vegetation created stress on the ecosystem. As urbanization pro gressed after the 1950s,further environ mental degradation occurred. Key is sues related to the Centennial Creek subwatershed include:
•low baseflows resulting from diversion of minor system flows north ofHighway 401 and 25 percent ofthe existing catch ment area,
• water quality problems from contami nated runofffrom Highway 401, • potential flooding ofbuilt-up areas due to piping ofthe creek at several locations, •private ownership ofthe creek in some areas affected riparian rights, • development and sustainment of a healthy fish population, • pumping ofstormwater from an exist ing storm sewer system to maintain baseflow in the lower reaches,
subwatershed basis.
are privately-owned which impacted on riparian rights and land management practices. • Cumulative Effects Assessment was a
new concept that had not been previ ously applied to subwatershed studies. • Subwatershed Master Plans are usu
ally carried out to Phase 2 of the Class EA process. For this study, the process continued past the Phase 2 requirements to include components ofthe additional phases that could be incorporated into the Enviromnental Study Report(Phase 4)stage, which would be completed in the future.
•Integrating multi-agency requirements in the study process. In total there were 10 representatives from various agen cies as well as several representatives from different City of Scarborough de partments that were involved. • Many stresses have been placed on the subwatershed over the years which make it difficult and expensive to remediate.
which can act as guidance in more effi ciently carrying out future subwatershed studies:
• The expectation of the subwatershed study for a mature catchment area should be clearly realized by all in volved before the study gets underway. For a developed subwatershed, planning options are normally limited to protec tion, regeneration and enhancement, with few opportunities for protection of existing habitats. • Mature subwatershed studies are typi cally more complicated to undertake; consequently adequate resources/fund
ing should be allocated. •Project organization should be stream lined to increase meaningful smdy in put and minimize cost. Based on our experience, the Steering Committee membership should be confined to only those funding the smdy. An external group, acting in an advisory capacity, would consist of representation from agencies and non-governmental organi zations. Public input would be solicited as required by the Class EA process. • Topographic mapping in GIS format should be available prior to the start of the smdy to avoid delays in schedules and increases in costs.
• The public should be well informed of scheduled meetings and be kept in formed of study progress and findings. Advertisements in newspapers should be supplemented with direct mailings to those directly affected, as well as post ings at key instimtions within the com munity. •A baseline monitoring program should be established prior to the start of the subwatershed smdy to collect reliable data on which the smdy can be executed. If not already available, this program would typically include monitoring of flow and water level data for calibra
tion of computer models and collection of fish and wildlife information.
Most notable are the cut off ofthe head
• Agreement, at the outset, that certain development applications are frozen until the smdy is complete. Trying to make interim decisions on a moving tar get is not efficient. • With scarce funding availability, land purchase is not likely and emphasis should be placed on private steward ships.
waters ofthe creek by Highway 401 and the diversion of some of the minor sys
'Municipal Engineers Association (1993)
References Class Environmental Assessment for Munici
tems.
Lessons learned
pal Water and Wastewater Projects. ^Ministry of Environment and Energy et al (1993) Sub\A/atershed Planning.
• preservation and enhancement of an existing wetland and environmentally
study has been recently completed. A
For more information,
sensitive area.
number of observations can be made
circle reply card No. 148
62
The Centennial Creek subwatershed
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Concrete pipe's survived it all.
They came. They saw. They conquered. Then the Romans sought nothing more than a hot bath. Fortunately, the ancient designers used concrete in Rome's famed aqueduct system, the Cloaca Maxima. Still in
use today, the Roman aqueduct proves that concrete stands the test of time. So too does
today's concrete pipe. It's adaptable to any design. It's environment-friendly. And it creates jobs. The Romans insisted on it. Et Tu?
Concrete Pipe...Here to Stay For concrete pipe manufacturers in your area, contact:
ocp*a Ontario concrete pipe association
102760.2070 @ Compuserve.com
6299 Airport Road, Suite 508, Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1N3 Phone:(905) 677-1010 Fax:(905) 677-1007
For more information, circle reply card No. 328(See page 33)
Product and Service SHoiucase For information on advertising in this section, cali ES&E at(905)727-4666.
PVC gate valve suited for underground applications
Air monitoring for spill sites & confined space
Unlock the mystery of activated sludge
entry
Banch ftÂŤtplrometsr
OivUm ftstplromMar
Gate valves offer an unobstructed full
This extensive two day course, to
port and water hammer is avoided due to the slow closing design. Chemline's PVC gate valve also of fers light weight and corrosion resist ance inside and out. Sizes range from 1 1/2" to 14", flanged. The 8" valve weighs only 66 lbs. so often no extra piping support is required. It is well suited for underground applications due to its heavy duty design. When buried, no corrosion protection is re quired. Chemline Plastics For more information, circle reply card No. 152
be held November 19-20, 1996, in
New transportable bulk containers designed for
Burlington, Ontario, is designed to show the components, protocols and equipment used to set up an effec tive management program for air monitoring at spill sites and in con fined space entry situations. Captain John Hosty, Course Director, was coordinator of Safety and Environ mental programs at Lambton Col lege, Sarnia. CERTA Inc. For more information, circle reply card No. 153
Monitor bioactivity at specific con trol points during activated sludge wastewater treatment and know
what's happening during treatment from start to finish. Arthur Technolo
gy's unique respirometry technology provides anticipatory information used to avoid influent toxicity, shock loads, and non-compliance. The in formation maintains stable operation costs. Savings have provided pay back on the respirometer equipment many times over. Arthur Technology,Inc. For more information, circle reply card No. 154
Solids/Liquid Separation
Sludge sampler
The Tower Belt Filter Press is de
The EPIC 1030 fixed site sludge sam pler, which conforms to ISO 9001, extracts sludges,including those with a high solids content, from flowing pipelines or through a tank wall. The patented positive metering system
narrow areas
AGO Container Systems has received regulatory approval on its new PTC 135NP narrow profile IBC for the transportation of dangerous goods. The new tote is designed to fit through standard doorways using a standard pallet truck. Also, it is maneuverable enough to fit in narrow areas at the back of the plant often only serviced by drums. The PTC 135NP offers all the same benefits of
ACO's traditional IBCs,but in a small er, more versatile size. Aco-Assman of Canada
For more information,
circle reply card No. 155 64
signed to be an economical, reliable workhorse. The Tower Press, with
its vertical arrangement of pressure rollers, features a maintenance-free
pneumatic belt tensioning and cen tre pivot tracking roll system that continuously monitors and also au tomatically corrects any misalign ment of the dewatering belts. It pro vides a very high cake dryness which minimizes hauling and landfill costs. Roediger For more information,
circle reply card No. 156
has no sensors or level detectors to
foul up, and the two valves which pass the sludge are purged during samples to prevent any blockage. The 1030 can be programmed to take time- or flow-weighted samples with the option of manual sampling when ever required. Cancoppas For more information, circle reply card No. 157
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
'Product and Service Showcase For information on advertising in this section, cail ES&E at(905)727-4666.
Bio-organic catalytic
COD method eliminates
Industrial pipes
system
heavy metals waste
reconstructed without
digging
'coSystem
-'0
"CoSysfaiJ Plus
Ecosystem Plus™, a unique bioorganic catalytic system, dramati cally accelerates the biological deg radation of organic wastes and rap idly eliminates most organic odors. A breakthrough in waste treatment technology. Ecosystem Plus replaces
Hach Company's new patented Man ganese III COD method eliminates the mercury, chromium, and silver
The Insituform cured-in-place-pipe process, using liquid thermosetting resin technology, can be engineered
wastes associated with the dichro-
to withstand the corrosive effects of
mate method. The new method uses
a wide range of chemicals. The re
a proprietary cartridge that removes
construction material is custom
chloride interference without the use
manufactured from polyester felt and formed into a tube that fits the pipe
capital equipment requirements and optimizes the throughput of indus trial and municipal plants. It also reduces the cost of complying with regulatory and safety requirements. International Daleco Corporation For more information,
of mercury. Samples can be proc essed simultaneously in less than 90 minutes. Prepackaged reagents are available for 20-1000 mg/L COD. The system can be used with Hach COD reactors and spectrophotometers. Hach Company For more information,
circle reply card No. 158
circle reply card No. 159
turned inside out, within the damaged pipeline. Insituform For more information, circle reply card No. 160
Ultrasonic Level
Transfer Trailers
Centrifugal blowers
hazardous chemicals, minimizes
to be rebuilt. Prior to installation, the
tube is impregnated with the speci fied thermosetting resin. The resin saturated material is then inverted, or
Transducers
LOaD»i^lWNNIER Running noor SoBQ waste Transfer Trailers
operating temperature to 150° C while maintaining temperature stabil ity over the range. A more powerful signal output and improved echo sen sitivity mean more dusty and steamy applications are now possible. Ma
Brothers Industries custom design all their transfer trailers for specialized applications. These light-weight, steel trailers offer high capacity, strength, and durability. The walk ing floor trailers are equipped with Keith Running Floors. Also avail able are compactor compatible and ejector pushout trailers. Some op tions are covers,taper, wedge,length, width, height, and door styles.
terials and methods of construction
Brothers Industries
Milltronics new Echomax™ Series transducers extend the use of ultra
sonic level measurement into appli cations that were not previously vi able. Echomax^'^' transducers extend
improve chemical immunity and ex pand mounting options. Milltronics For more information, circle reply card No. 161
For more information, circle reply card No. 162
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Four 900 HP Hoffman Multistage Centrifugal blowers in operation at a major Canadian wastewater treatment plant deliver over 43,000 scfm of air to a discharge pressure of approxi mately 9.5 PSIG for the activated sludge process. To respond to the al ways changing oxygen requirements of the system, process variables are constantly monitored and used as feedback to control the air output from the blowers, by modulating the pneumatically controlled inlet butter fly valves. Hoffman Industries For more information, circle reply card No. 163 65
Product and Service Showcase For information on advertising in this section, call ES&E at(905)727-4666.
Oil and grease Interceptors
Compression-type fire hydrants
Stormceptor Canada have introduced the Preceptor™ line of fibreglass re inforced plastic (FRF) interceptors. Designed to effectively treat process wastewater containing oil, grease,
benefits beyond front line oil and solids separation. Their cylindrical design enhances hydraulic perform
Terminal City's C71 and C7IP com pression fire hydrants now have'new' urethane valves and a'new' surge re lief valve design. They are ULC Approved and are Made in Canada to AWWA Standard C502-85. They can be supplied to depth of bury, and pumper thread is site-specific to area of installation. All working parts are easily accessible for inspection and
ance and reduces the likelihood of
service, without excavation. Cast
resuspension during subsequent
iron surfaces are primer coated to
stripping of the water sample. The AM-100 produces a result within 30
flows. Ideal for internal and exter
minimize corrosion.
seconds. Geostructure Instruments
nal installation. Stormceptor For more information, circle reply card No. 164
Terminal City Iron Works For more information, circle reply card No. 165
food waste and settleable solids,
Vxoceptor™ interceptors provide
New on-line
ammonium analyzer
The AM-100 on-line analyzer uses UV absorption technology to meas
ure ammonium (NH^'') concentra tions in water. A key feature of the system is its complete insensitivity to the turbidity and the coloration of the sample. This is accomplished by conducting the actual measurement in the gaseous pha.se on ammonia gas
(NHj), following a pH rise and air
For more information, circle reply card No. 166
New Analig lead and mercury methods
Stormwater Management
Hydrocarbon removal
The Analig™ methods for detecting
Surface detention/retention of storm-
contamination in sludges, soils, wastewater and drinking water is an easy, low-cost, accurate alternative to other analytical techniques. It re quires no hazardous solvents for ex traction and can be used with any Hach spectrophotometer. A propri etary, analyte-specific membrane captures either acid soluble lead or mercury, allowing interferences to pass through. Measurement ranges are: Lead, 3-600 pg/L; Mercury, 1250 pg/L. Hach Company For more information, circle reply card No. 167
water has been the standard practice for years. Since above ground space is often scarce and its value high, underground construction is becom ing a more common approach. Cor rugated Steel Pipe (CSP) is used for
The Aquarius Coalescer is designed specifically for the removal of hydro carbons. It is equipped with a spe cific high efficiency coalescing me dia. The media is protected by a screening chamber, equipped with a flow-breaker and a distribution zone,
these facilities. The benefits are low
which directs the flow to the coalescer
cost, high strength and easy installa
where coarse particles are separated by gravity. Separation rates which meet efficiencies as good as 99.5% non-emulsified hydrocarbon removal can be achieved. Aquarius For more information, circle reply card No. 169
66
tion.
Videos and a workbook are
available from Armtec Construction
Products that detail the hydraulic de sign of underground detention sys tems. Armtec
For more information,
circle reply card No. 168 Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Product and Service Sfiozucase For information on advertising in this section, call ES&E at(905)727-4666. Debris filters
Flow measurement
Returnable lecture
instrumentation
bottle program
Mea8ureniÂŤrit
The Beaudrey "W" Debris Filter is designed to remove from the water all the debris that can either pass the intake screens or grow past the
Tiie Schiumberger Industries Meas urement Division has an updated sixpage, full-colour introductory bro chure on its advanced-technology
screens themselves. This includes
flowmeters. Included is basic infor
clams, shells, mussels, oysters, fish,
mation on Schiumberger Coriolis
jelly-fish, seaweed, beer cans, peb bles, concrete chips, etc. With a Beaudrey "W" Debris Filter fitted ahead of a condenser water box,
manual tube sheet cleaning is no
longer required. Continuous tube cleaning perfonnance is much im proved. Delta Equipment For more information,
mass flowmeters and INTEX''^' vor
tex shedding flowmeters. The bro chure tabulates important specifica tions and provides drawings ofsome typical applications. Schiumberger IVIeasurement Division
For more information, circle reply card No. 171
circle reply card No. 170
Gaseous sampling
Filtration systems
pressure, vacuum or both. All mod els will not contaminate the sample as no oil, graphite or other contami nating lubricant comes in contact with the sample stream. Motors are
capable of operating under heavy load conditions. The pump can op erate in any position with minimal noise and vibration. Cancoppas For more information, circle reply card No. 173
lecture bottles. Lecture bottles are
lightweight and portable, averaging 18 inches long and two inches in di ameter. They offer customers a costeffective alternative to standard cyl inder delivery by eliminating cylin der rental charges and minimizing shipping costs. In addition, BOG Gases' returnable lecture bottle pro gram eliminates the high costs ofdis posing of the empty bottles. BOG Gases
For more Information, circle reply card No. 172
Payload Plus Aluminum Transfer Trailer
pumps
DIA-VAG" aluminum single, double and 4-stage air moving systems are diaphragm-type sample pumps. Each stage is separate and may be operated individually to produce
BOG Gases offers its customers a
solution for the disposal of empty
Newly designed SERFILGO Guard ian Filtration Systems are engineered to provide efficient, economical re moval of foreign solids and organic impurities from a wide range of chemical and electroplating solu tions. Ghoice of pump style, filter chamber style and several optional
The latest addition to Brothers Indus
features can be combined to offer a
trailer are .125 aluminum with
complete package system. Filter chamber, either PVG or GPVG, may be furnished with cartridges, sleeves, discs, or bag.
aluminum side posts on 15" centers.
tries Transfer Trailer line is the light weight and durable open top "Payload Plus" aluminum-steel compos ite trailer. This trailer offers low tare
weight. A 45'trailer weighs less than 16,000 lbs. and has a high 120 cubic
yard capacity. The sidewalls of this
The sidewall assemblies are buck
bolted together which allows for
For more information,
shock resistance,flexibility, and serv iceability. Brothers Industries For more Information,
circle reply card No. 174
circle reply card No. 329
Service Filtration of Canada
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
67
(Product and Service Sitozvcase For information on advertising in this section, cail ES&E at(905)727-4666.
All vacuum gas
Industrial hygiene
New line of
calibrations
water-jet eductors
The All Vacuum REGAL Gas Chlo
From industrial monitor calibration
rinators virtually eliminate the prob lems associated with old pressure type manifold systems. Chlorine gas is never under pressure; the gas is drawn from the tank by a vacuum created by the flow of water through the ejector (where the chlorine is mixed with water). If the vacuum line breaks - if in fact, any part of the vacuum system is damaged - the gas shuts off immediately and auto matically. Chlorinators Incorporated For more information, circie repiy card No. 176
to emergency medical grade oxygen applications, the Praxair Portable Series was designed for situations where mobility, convenience, and performance are critical. The Praxair
Elmridge "TLL" Series Liqui-Jet^'^ Eductors use water or other liquids at pressures of 10 psi or higher as the motive fluid, and operate on the Venturi principle to pump other liq uids or slurries. The high velocity jet of liquid from the eductor nozzle entrains the suction liquid, creating a vacuum, and causing the suction liquid to be pumped. There are no moving parts or packings and no lu brication is required. A wide variety
circle reply card No. 177
circle repiy card No. 178
High-sensitivity moisture analyzer
Programming tools for
RO treatment systems
chlorinators
Portable Series consists of an inte
grated cylinder handle fitted onto a lightweight refillable aluminum gas cylinder. The cap combines the flow control and pressure regulator inside a single, durable, impact-resistant, safety handle. The entire package weighs less than 7 lbs. Praxair For more Information,
of standard models are available.
Elmridge Engineering For more information,
industrial automation
W
The analytical performance of the new Model 5800 Moisture Analyzer from Ametek has been optimized for the specific requirements ofthe proc ess industry. It features high level sensitivity, multigas compatibility, fast response time, and low mainte nance. The Model 5800 detects
changes in moisture content less than 0.05 ppm in nitrogen, argon oxygen, hydrogen, helium, and many proc ess gases. Response time is very short. Westech Industrial
For more information, circie repiy card No. 179
BridgeVIEW^" is a new graphical software package for building indus trial-strength automation systems for a wide variety ofprocess and discrete manufacturing applications. BridgeVIEW delivers real-time process monitoring, historial trending, online configuration, and programmable logic controller (PLC) connectivity. National Instruments
For more information,
circie reply card No. 180
olu.ÂťJ
Reverse osmosis water treatment sys tems from Coster Engineering can be tailored to specifically address all water needs, whether the problem is high TDS, sulphates, chlorides, ni trates, sodium or radium. Modular, microprocessor controlled municipal reverse osmosis (RO) systems are available up to 5 million GPD, in dustrial RO systems up to 25,000 GPD. Compact, skid-mounted in dustrial/municipal RO systems are available from 25,000 to 350,000
GPD. Coster Engineering For more information,
circie repiy card No. 181 68
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
(Product and Service SHozucasc For information on advertising in this section, call ES&E at(905)727-4666.
Pre-packaged water
Polyethylene pipe
treatment system
system
Environmentally safe above ground storage Innovoiive .Spill Containment
Protectinji'.Ypur Business and,ri}f.;Er4tfiwmi«nt
The Graver Monoplant packaged water treatment system is pre-engineered with pre-treatment, chemical feed and filters designed to produce potable water. Seventeen standard
Driscopipe" piping systems are said to be among the most durable pipe systems available. Features include: environmental stress crack resistance;
sizes are available to treat from 20
high strength, even at depths over 100 feet; long-lasting leak-free joints;
gpm up to 500 gpm in a single plant.
field-tested Marlex" HDPE extruded
Installation time is minimal be
cause the unit is shipped completely set up. The Monoplant incorporates
pipe; corrosion-resistant. The sys
between the tanks. If a leak occurs,
tems have been field-tested for use
the vacuum is lost, indicating that the tank should be inspected. The outer tank safely contains inner tank leaks, eliminating environmental damage, liability and clean-up costs. Spectra Environmental For more information,
within a single factory pre-fabricated
in the most challenging environ ments: landfill, oil and gas, mining,
steel tank, both clarification and fil tration systems. Ecodyne For more information,
more. Sandale Utility Products For more information,
circle reply card No. 240
The Envirodike™ Double Wall Tank
System incorporates the latest tech nology to provide environmentally safe above ground storage for haz ardous liquids. Its irmer primary tank is sealed 350° inside a secondary outer tank with a permanent vacuum drawn
wastewater, telecommunications and
circle reply card No. 241
circle reply card No. 242
Spill solidlfler
Spill response kit
Wastewater treatment solution
mm A678SBK
K.; LjI
A610 is a granulated polymer that is ranked first among spill solidifiers tested by Environment Canada. A610 does not bond or absorb water
and, therefore, works well on hydro carbon-based spills such as oils, fu els, solvents and oil-based paints on both land and water. A610 bonds with little increase in volume. One
pound/450 grams of A610 bonds up to fifteen pounds/6.75 kilograms of liquid. A610 is certified as incinerable to less than 0.02% ash. nochar Canada
The A677 Petro Bond Spill Response Kit is designed to stabilize, bond, absorb and containerize petroleumbased spills of up to 13 gallons/50 litres. The A677 SRK utilizes both
A600 series bonding agents and A670 stabilizing products. It is con veniently packaged in a U.N. ap
proved 6 gallon plastic bucket with locking safety latch and screw offlid. The bucket is designed to hold the bonded waste after clean up. Kits may be customized for specific con tainment needs, nochar Canada
The Proteus Solution is a completelyautomated, fully-integrated wastewater management system. The Modular Effluent Treatment System (METS)provides enhanced primary treatment followed by multi-media sand filters, biofilters and an ultra
violet disinfection system for second ary and tertiary treatment, including a sludge management system. The METS plant is transportable, is to tally self-contained and does not give off any gases or odours. Proteus Environmental Systems
For more information,
For more information,
For more information,
circle reply card No. 243
circle reply card No. 244
circle reply card No. 245
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
69
Product and Service Showcase For information on advertising in this section, call ES&E at(905)727-4666.
High speed dry screening
Odour Control
Cross-flow separator
11?
Derrick Model L and K single deck screening machines are available with either 1800 or 3600 RPM vibrators
and in sizes ranging from 18" x 60" to 48" X 120". Machines can be sup
plied with open hopper configura tions or complete dust enclosures with flexible motor seals, gasketed side access doors and removable cov
ers. Where two size separations are required on a single screening unit, a single surface â&#x20AC;&#x201D; two cut design can be used. Derrick Corporation For more information,
circle reply card No. 283
Wet abrasive blasting
Sharpshooter has been especially for mulated to be used in controlling odour in landfills, tipping floors, sludge lagoons, composting and holding tanks. When using Sharp shooter along with Addtek's specially designed spray equipment, organic odours are destroyed on the surface of the problem and will not return.
The Aquarius Cro,ss-Flow Separator is used to remove oils and solids from
circle reply card No. 284
residual water. Applications are run off, petrochemical, chemical, me chanical, metallurgical and food processing sectors. This technology takes advantage of the natural ten dency ofoils to float, and dccantation principle for solids. The originality of this process is the combination of flotation and clarification techniques in one system. Its high hydraulic rate permits very small footprint. Aquarius For more information, circle reply card No. 285
New liquid dispensing
Power WWTP simulation
systems
on a PC
When the surface is turned over or
new waste is added, a quick spray over the surface will assure odour control. Addtek Environmental Products
For more information,
ttÂťj
MIX ICVtl
d The Torbo method of abrasive blast
ing, when used to remove coatings and painted surfaces, including lead and asbestos, prevents the spread of airborne paniculate material. Lead in the air levels is consistently below
Aco-Assman is now offering the con venience of a complete liquid dis pensing system from a single source. Each system is engineered to exact ing standards to meet your specific requirements. Pumps,meters, vlaves,
EPA/OSHAAction Levels. With the
mixers and controls can be installed
Torbo method, contaminated dust emissions are reduced by 95%, and
to manufacturers specifications and tested prior to shipping. System ca pacities range from 10 to 2500 Imp. gallons. Most basins are rectangular in shape but in special circumstances cylindrical basins are available.
abrasive consumption by up to 50% compared to dry blast systems. Restoration Environmental Contractors
For more information, circle reply card No. 286
Aco-Assman of Canada
For more information,
circle reply card No. 287 70
Hydromantis has ported its GPS-X modelling and simulation software to the PC running under Microsoft Win dows NT. With the GPS-X develop ment system, the engineer builds a plant model by graphically selecting and linking processes from a library of220 mechanistic models. Dynamic simulation and calibration tools im
prove the model's accuracy. Once the model is built and calibrated, the en
gineer interactively simulates the dy namics of the plant for efficiency. Hydromantis Inc. For more information, circle reply card No. 288
Environmental Science
Engineering, September 1996
Announcement
Major Industrial Effluent By-Pass Suppose your plant had a sewer line with 32 million gallons per day (MGD) of process water flowing through It and you had to inspect the interior prior to starting repairs. Problem: How do you by-pass 32 MGD flow through two blocks of neighbouring towns from one 40"
Do What No Other Centrifugal Pump Can...
X 48" hole while ensuring uninter
rupted plant reliability? That's exactly the challenge that recently faced a major Indus trial complex. Any reduction in flow rates would result in the shutdown
of processing operations. After ex tensive engineering review, every thing was planned, down to the smallest detail. In engineering this by-pass, several key challenges had to be overcome. 32 MGD or
22,400 USGPM, had to be drawn from one restricted location: a 40"
X 48" hole in a single sewer box. This was impossible for any sub mersible pumps. The answer was a special bundle of pipes contain ing nine 12" pipes and four 8" pipes, all welded together to fit in the 40" X 48" rectangular opening. Another challenge was the staging of the pumps. Suction hoses were connected to the
flanged pipes of the Intake bundle. Once the pumps were in place, the discharge piping needed to be run together into four 18" discharge headers that would transport the process water to the destination: a water treatment facility two blocks away. Environmental laws called for
'double wall' containment piping for process water flowing over pub lic land. A system of plastic sheeting was devised to "wrap" the discharge pipes, forming a second layer of containment. The signal was given. One-byone, the Godwin Dri-Prime® pumps automatically picked up their prime and started pumping water from
SOUDS HANDLING MODELS
HIGH HEAD MODELS
• Run dry continuously and reliably - unattended. Self-adjusting, oil bath lubricated mechanical seal with solid silicon carbide interface, located outside affects of flow.
• Auto self-prime to 28 feet - reprime on demand. No moving parts. Air ejector priming produces 25 inches of mercury vacuum draw. Install hose, start pumping and leave.
Sales, service and immediate rentals from stock anywhere. GODWIN DRI-PRIME® centrifugal pump models from 2 thru 12 inch, cast iron and 316 stainless steel, diesei and electric. Flows to 5,500 gpm, solids to 3.5 inches and discharge heads to 485 feet t.d.h. Pumps, hose and piping systems can be shipped anywhere the same day ordered. Ask how rental recapture can be applied towards purchase price. 456 Alliance Avenue
2200 - 46ieme Avenue
Toronto, ON, M6N 2J2
Lachiine, QC, H8T 2P3
TEL:(416) 766-7471 FAX:(416) 766-7399
TEL:(514)631-3533 FAX:(514)631-8224
ENVIRO SOLV INC. TOLL FREE: 1-800-563-1093 entire flow was being bypassed, enabling the internal Inspection of the fire-glazed brick sewer lines Godwin-Dri-Primd^ pumps automatically prime to 28 feet dry static suction heads including
the sewer box. Within minutes, the
that were Installed almost a cen
long horizontal suction lines of several hundred feet and will reprime on demand. The selfadjusting, oil bath lubricated mechanical seal Is located away from the harmful effects of the The entire by-pass ran for a to flow, allowing pumps to run-dry overnight - unattended. Pumps are supplied In cast iron and tal of seven days reaching maxi mum flows of 32 MGD,a large-vol 316L stainiess steel and will handle solids to 3-1/2" and heads to 485 feet t.d.h. Pumps to 12 ume by-pass, thought Impossible inch, hose and piping are available for rental or purchase and can usually be shipped the same day, anywhere. For more Information and assistance on municipal and industrial pumping to achieve. systems, please contact RfvIS Enviro Solv Inc at 800-563-1093. For more information, For more information, circie reply card No. 290 circie repiy card No. 289
tury ago.
For more information, circle reply card No. 185(See page 33)
Literature Review For information on advertising in this section call ES&E at(905)727-4666. Disaster Recovery
Peristaltic Hose Pump
Handbook
Brochure
A 10-step Checklist for Disaster Pre paredness was developed by the
This
Professional Liability Agents Net work(PLAN),serving North America, and DPiC Companies, providing pro fessional liability insurance for archi tects, engineers, and environmental consultants. The checklist helps you increase security and safety, and limit risk and losses by planning for unex pected occurrences such as explo
the
wear. There are no product seals in contact with material being pumped, no seats or valves. Completely selfpriming, the pump even runs dry without detrimental effect.
Circle reply card No. 200
Waukesha Cherry-Burreli Circle reply card No. 201
Trojan ultraviolet disinfection systems
Continuous seif-cieaning
Complete ultraviolet disinfection systems for wastewater treatment. Trojan System LiVSOGG™ utilizes
The Aqua Guard Bar/Filter is a con tinuous, self-cleaning device which uti lizes a uniquely designed filter-rake combination to automatically remove a wide range of floating and sus pended materials from a moving liq
bar/filter screen-head
electronic ballasts and solid state
circuitry with full local or remote sys tem control and monitoring capabil ity. System LiV4GGG™ makes use of variable output, high intensity lamps and innovative fully auto mated self-cleaning technology ideal for primary effluents, CSO,and stormwater applications. Trojan Technologies Inc. Circle reply card No. 202
uid stream,
Aqua Guard Screen
Parkson Corporation Circle reply card No. 203
Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Treatment
Fabco Plastics have updated their 464-page Buyers Guide & Engineer ing Specifications catalogue, a com prehensive listing of industrial products nologicaily advanced Items. The cata logue also has an extensive 74-page Engineering Reference Section and
is your company in need of more efficient wastewater treatment? ADi
nologies including the nitrogenremoving ADi-SBR system. There
Chemical Resistance Chart which will
are over 60 installations worldwide
for various industries. Request more information today. ADI Systems Inc. Circle reply card No. 205
Fabco Plastics
Circle reply card No. 204
Trac-Vac™ versatile sludge removal system for new and existing ciarifiers Versatility, reliability and economy make Eimco Trac-Vac™ sludge col lectors the logical choice when costeffective solids removal is required.
FREE 1996 Instrumentation
Reference and Catalogue The National instruments 1996 cata
logue features new versions of LabVIEW®, LabWiNDOWS®/CVi, and
HiQ® application software products. Other new software products include Measure™, a new spreadsheet add-in for direct data acquisition and control, and VirtualBench™, a family of Win dows-based turnkey virtual instru ments. New hardware products in
Hundreds of units installed in new
and existing ciarifiers have earned a reputation among engineers, op erators, and administrators for flex
clude GPIB, DAQ,and VSi interfaces; new PCMCIA and MXi-2 interfaces;
munications applications.
plus Return on Investment
ADi-BVF® digester and the high-rate ADi-Hybrid reactor, and aerobic tech
assist material specialists specifying plastic products in the chemical, cor rosion and pollution fields.
National instruments
Technologies Systems inc. can supply and install anaerobic and aerobic treatment sys tems to suit your needs, including two anaerobic systems - the low-rate
and illustrations of new and tech
and serial Interfaces for industrial com
identical filter-rake ele
ments are mounted horizontally and vertically on a series of parallel shafts, to form an endless moving belt which collects, conveys, and discharges ail solids greater than the selected mesh size, it then mechanically cleans it self.
Industrial plastics product guide
I
describes
dia or corrosive acids with minimum
sion, flood, fire, or other disaster. Security Insurance Co.of Hartford
IEQMMTfM~lA''400Cr
brochure
Waukesha/Bredei Peristaltic Type Hosepump series, which is finding increasingly broad application in handling effluent, slurries and sludges; i.e., "unpumpabies". This unique pump handles abrasive me
i
ible design, ease of Installation and dependable operation. Elmco Process Equipment Circle reply card No. 207
Circle reply card No. 206
72
Envinmniental Science & Engineering. September 1996
Literature Review For information on advertising in this section call ES&E at(905)727-4666. ODOUI COIVTRO
Odour Control
Treating odours with Sodium Hypochlorite (JAVEX-12) is
Zebra Mussels
A "Solution" for ZEBRA MUSSELS
detailed in a technical bulletin.
Systems are discussed that dis pense a hypochlorite spray to oxidize organic odours. Other topics include: storage and air
J4d
collection needs.
To help control zebra mussels, one solution involves the use of JAVEX-
12 sodium hypochlorite, which kills the larvae. We are consulting with experts to establish dosage levels and techniques best suited to help control their spread. If you'd like to discuss this problem, or be kept in formed of the latest Information, please contact us.
Colgate-Palmolive Canada Inc.
Colgate-Palmolive Canada Inc.
Circle reply card No. 208
Professional Products Division
Circle reply card No. 209
CYANIDI REMOVAl
Cyanide Removal
Noise reduction lessens
Using sodium hypochlorite
worker fatigue
(JAVEX-12) to effectively and
Eckoustic Functional Panels -
quickly remove cyanide wastes
(EFPs)- the practical, efficient so
is detailed. Bulletin reviews dos
lution to noise reduction needs.
ages, equipment, as well as stor age, safety and handling data. Particularly applicable to metal recover or refining operations. Colgate-Palmolive
Eckel's sound absorbing EFPs pro vide a more comfortable acoustic
WASTE WATER TREATMENT NOISE CONTROL PANEL SYSTEMS
Canada Inc.
Circle reply card No. 210
environment. By reducing noise lev els, thereby lessening worker fa tigue, EFPs promote safety and help improve productivity. EFPs can quickly add sound absorbing to com pressor rooms, blower rooms, pump rooms and administration areas. Eckel Industries
Circle reply card No. 211
IVaii.sportation Dangerous(hmkIs
TYainer Manual
IDG Trainer Manual
Piping for wastewater
The Canwit TOG Trainer Manual
treatment
covers It alll Easy to use, the com prehensive coverage of the TDG legislation is divided into 6 sections: Introduction to the Act and Regula tions; Classifications of Dangerous Goods; Safety Marks; Documenta tion; Dangerous Occurrences and Special Requirements. Your TDG
VIctaullc, having supplied pipe cou plings, fittings, and valves to munici palities for 70 years for savings In both installation and operating costs, offers systems for ductile iron (500 psi), steel(4000 psi), stainless, PVG, and HDP; grooved AWWA eccentric plug valves to 12-Inch,
Trainer Manual is cross-referenced
Iron BFV to 24-Inch, stainless BFV
with the Act and Regulations and
to 12-Inch as well as bail and check
includes overheads and "Trainer
Aids" throughout each section. Canwit
Circie reply card No. 212
Advanced membrane systems for municipal wastewater treatment
As a major supplier of membrane separation equipment,ZENON offers a wide range of systems Including microfiltratlon, ultraflitration, nanofiltratlon and reverse osmosis systems. While ail our systems are cost-effec tive, reliable and easy to operate, some of our processes and mem branes offer truly unique and costeffective solutions for meeting the challenges faced by municipalities.
for Water and Wastewater Treatment
Piping Systems ;
.Jo
valves; fittings, strainers, couplings and tools.
Victaullc
Circle reply card No. 213
Kitec Composite Pipe and Connectors
KItecÂŽ combines metal and plas tic to create a composite piping system for a wide range of appli cations - hot and cold water
plumbing, hydronic heating, water service tubing, compressed air, and industrial process piping. Kitec can be concealed in walls,
floors or ceilings, encased In con crete, or surface mounted, and It
ZENON
can be used indoors or outdoors. IPEX Inc.
Circle reply card No. 214
Circle reply card No. 215
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
73
Literature Review For information on advertising in this section call ES&E at(905)727-4666.
'^^ices
./ y t ^
"tiiiif ."if
Canadian Environmental
Free Data Acquisition
Technology Update
Software Tool
Managing hazardous waste in the 1990s demands a multifaceted ap proach. Responding to business' wide-ranging needs with an array of services and technologies has gained Laidiaw Environmental Serv ices a prominent position within the waste management industry. This service profile presents a number of key management opportunities available to waste generators, in addition to providing an oven/iew of the company's capabilities.
DAQ Designer 96 Is a free sys tem configuration software tool for the PC that takes you through your application step-by-step, asking you questions, and rec ommending ail the right equip ment, including: PC piug-ln DAQ
Laidiaw Environmental
Circle reply card No. 217
boards, PCMCIA DAQ cards,
signal conditioning and sensor interfacing, cabling and soft ware.
National Instruments
Circle reply card No. 216
UNIVERSAL pH DOSER Comiriele sytltm ic AUTOMATIC
Universal pH Doser
Non-Disruptive Pipe
Analytical Universal pH Doser is a pH indicator, with 0-14 pH scale, and a bellows Metering pump,
Rehabilitation This brochure outlines insituform's
mounted on a metal frame. One
with difficuit-to-access industrial
relay for activating a pump,for con trol of either down or up scale. Pro portional control on the pump can
pipes, insituform's proprietary, nondisruptive technologies are used worldwide to stop leaks, achieve containment and provide structural integrity to damaged pipes. The company's processes are installed without excavation. They are gen erally safer, more economical and less disruptive than conventional
capabilities for solving problems
be used to minimize the amount of
chemical being used, as the pH reading approaches the required set point. A complete line of pH and GBP Meters are available: indica
tor, Recorder Controllers, Sampling and Field Meters.
methods.
Analytical Measurements Circle reply card No. 218
Insltuform
Groundwater containment
Water Efficiency Service Programs
Circle reply card No. 219
Waterloo Barrierâ&#x201E;˘ is a low perme ability cutoff wail for groundwater
R
Faced with inflating operating costs, while being expected to avoid rate in creases and provide greater, better,
containment and control, it is a new
design of steel sheet piling featur ing joints that can be sealed after
and non-traditional customer service?
Schiumberger's Technical Service Group offers complete field service, and project handling capabilities,from meter installation to full, ongoing main tenance, management and meter reading services. Customized pack ages allow a utility to contract for as many or as few services as it needs. Schlumberger Circle reply card No. 221
the sheets have been driven into the
ground. The product was devel oped by researchers at the Univer
SHEET PILI IG
sity of Waterloo and has patent/pat ent pending status in several coun tries. Canadian Metal Roiling Mills assisted in its development and are currently the sole manufacturer. Canadian Metal Rolling Mills Circle reply card No. 220
ISCO Total Organic Carbon Analyzer
n UcoEZTOC PiBCMS TOC AulTMl
Aiumlnlzed Steel Type 2
The New EZ-TOG Analyzer is de signed for continuous on-line meas urement of TOC. An 80 character, back lit display makes programming
ucannTOC
iMlftis Made Eaiy
and set-up easy. Measurement of TOC is made by UV-sodium persuifate oxidation in a patent-pending reactor system and an enhanced non-dispersive infrared detection method. Up to 8 programmable out puts can be programmed for any combination of 18 system param eters.
Nortech Control Equipment Circle reply card No. 222 74
Meet the storm drain pipe material that
Blves long service life and lasting value â&#x20AC;˘
ALUMINIZED STEEL
Type 2
Aiuminized Steel Type 2 is similar to galvanized steel, the difference being that it is hot dip coated in com mercially pure aluminum ratherthan zinc. This results in a pipe with the strength of corrugated steel, but adds the superior corrosion resist ance of aluminum. An excellent al
ternative for more aggressive envi ronments. For more information on
this product and its application, con tact Armtec Construction Products. Armtec
Circle reply card No. 223
Enviroiimoital Science & Engineering, September 1996
R&D News
• CAWQ ACQE R&D News: edited by the Canadian Association on Water Quality Association Canadienne sur la
Qualite de I'Eau
Laboratories and Technology, the bacterium isolate degraded 43% of the carbazole to CO, after three days of incubation. Numer ous aromatic and heterocyclic com pounds were tested as growth substrates
sists ofat least 85% humic materials,5%
hydrophilic acids, and 3-4% nitrogenous compounds. The biotreated effluent still
has a high COD of at least 1100 mg/L
O, but a relatively low BOD^(less than
for the isolate but few supported the
100 mg/L) as expected after biological
growth of this bacterium. Anthranilic
treatment. These and other results were
acid and catechol served as growth substrates and were positively identified as intermediates of carbazole degrada tion by the isolate.
presented to delegates attending the 31 st Central Canadian Symposium on Water
Characterization of Treated GIMP Effluent
Removal of Organochlorines from Pulp Mill Effluent F. Taghipourand G.J. Evans have inves tigated radiolytic treatment for the re moval oforganochlorines from pulp mill effluent. These University of Toronto
after biological treatment. The experi
scientists irradiated biotreated and un
mental results showed that the DOC con
P.M. Huck and colleagues at the Uni
versity of Waterloo have developed a thorough characterization ofthe organic matter remaining in a CTMP effluent
Pollution Research.
Removal of Toxics in Sludge Digestion The removal of cresols, chlorophenols, heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds, phthalates, and polyaromatic hydrocar bons during aerobic and anaerobic di gestion of municipal sludge was inves tigated by WJ.Parker(Carleton Univer sity), H.D. Monteith(Enviromega Ltd.),
treated effluent as well as E-stage and C-stage filtrates from a pulp mill in a cobalt-60 v-cell. As described in Envi
movals of more than 95%, 90%, 70%,
PHILIP
and 60% were obtained for these four
ANALYTICAL SERVICES
ronmental Science and Technology, re
effluents respectively using doses up to 60 kGy, An increase in organochlorine removal was observed at high pH and in the absence of oxygen. In treated efflu
PROVIDING THE BEST IN ANALYTICAL SERVICES
THROUGHOUT NORTH AMERICA
BARRINGER
ent, AOX removals of 96% were
achieved at pH 12 in the absence ofoxy gen with a dose of 10 kGy.
Restoration of a Degraded Ecosystem Collingwood Harbour, located on the southern tip of Georgian Bay, has be come the first of43 Great Lakes Areas of Concern to be declared restored. A
paper by G. Krantzberg, Ontario Minis try of Environment and Energy, and E.
ZENON
1
LABORATORIES
For More Information Call Toll Free; 1-800-668-0639 Ontario • Quebec • British Columbia
Houghton, Collingwood Public Utilities Commission, was presented at the 31st Central Canadian Symposium on Water Pollution Research describing the reha
bilitation and restoration ofCollingwood Harbour's ecosystem. Critical compo nents ofthe restoration plan included op timization ofphosphorus removal at the Collingwood wastewater treatment plant and sediment removal from the harbour
.
Lment
through the use of an environmentally sensitive dredge which was tested for the first time in North America.
ASBESTOS & LEAD ANALYSIS
Bacterial Degradation of Carbazole
SINCE 1981
University of Alberta scientists L.M. Gleg,A. Otter and P.M. Fedorak isolated a carbazole-degrading bacterium from
AIHA - AIHA ELLAP - NVLAP NY ELAP - CA ELAP - TEXAS DOH AIR - BULK - DUST - SOIL - WATER
a creosote-contaminated soil. This or
ganism utilized carbazole as a sole
1-800-220-3675
source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. As described in Environmental Science
k
TEM - PLM - PCM - SEM - Flame AA - Graphite Furnace
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
75
R&D News, cont'd.
Laboratories / Consultants MDS Environmental Services Limited
^
Quality Environmental Laboratory Analysis
and a U.S. colleague. As reported in the Canadian.Journal of CivilEngineering, anaerobic digestion removed seven com
5595 Fenwick St., Suite 200 Halifax, Nova Scotia
921 Leathorne Street
London, Ontario
6850 Goreway Drive Mississauga, Ontario
pounds at efficiencies greater than 90% in primary digestion, four compounds with removals greater than 80% after secondary digestion, and five being re
B3H 4M2
N5Z 3M7
L4V IPl
moved at overall efficiencies of less than
1-800-565-7227
1-800-268-7396
1-800-701-7092
Fax: 902-420-8612
Fax: 519-686-6374
Fax: 905-673-7399
♦ Halifax, Nova Scotia
* Mississauga, Ontario
* London, Ontario
Certified/Accredited* testing of:
fk'OVAMANN
Soil
llNTERNATIONAL /j N T
••■f
Water Air
••4
Waste
Quality Artalyticai LaboratDries Laboratoires Analytiques de Quality Toronto
Stack Emissions
(90S)890-2555 FAX (905)890-0370 Montreal
(514)636-6218 FAX (514)631-9814 Mexico
* - for registered tests and matrices.
(5-25) 661-9979 FAX (5-25)663-1447
EMERGENCY: (416) 237-8283
Toll Free: 1-800-563-6266
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compounds except the cresols, 2,4,5trichlorophenol, and bi,s-2-ethylhexylphthalate, were essentially eliminated. Monitoring Wastewater Toxicity S.L. Wong, J.F. Wainwright and L. Nakamoto monitored the toxicity of four wastewater discharges in the Bay of Quinte, two from municipal sewage treatment plants, and one each from a chemical company and a pulp and pa per company. These Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy scientists utilized algal assays to estimate the tox icity at 100% effluent concentration. As described in the Journal of Great Lakes Research, the paper processing effluent was the most toxic at about 100 times
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Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
R&D News, cont'd.
Consultants
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report on the recovery oftwo small lakes
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Freeze-Thaw Sludge Conditioning A paper by Ecole Polytechnique's M.A. Desjardins and EG. Briere describes the conditioning and dewatering of bio logical and chemical sludge from fac ultative aerated lagoons using a natural freeze-thaw cycle with drying beds. The results published in the Canadian Jour nal of Civil Engineering highlight the excellent efficiency of this conditioning method. After the freeze-thaw process and draining, a virtually odourless sludge containing more than 30% sol ids is produced. The process also elimi nates the gelatinous consistency of chemical sludge. The filtrates, which are clear and contain low levels of sus
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78
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Biodegradability University of Regina scientists have un dertaken a study to evaluate and com pare aerobic biodegradation of petro leum refinery and municipal wastewaters using an automatic laboratory respirometer. V. Mahendraker and T. Viraraghavan acclimated seed activated sludge with a small quantity of the wastewater under study in fill and draw Continued on page 83
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
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Cover Story
Waterfront cottages could see massive devaluation if water clarity is threatened
The lure of water is undeniable for cottagers and
homeowners. Throughout the world, from the
French Riviera to Australia's Gold Coast, from Vancouver to Nova Scotiaâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and in countless fresh
water lakes across Canada â&#x20AC;&#x201D; water attracts development. Because we evolved from the first oxygen-producing stromatolites in our oceans, billions of years ago, a primor
dial affinity for the water was, perhaps, imprinted on our sub
water quality and scenic ambience which drew homeowners to the location in the first place. It need not be sa We have proven technology to protect, or restore, most ofthe polluted, or stressed, waterways. The recovery of Lake Erie is encour aging evidence ofachievable remediation through nutrient re moval at our sewage treatment plants. The loss of value in real estate from a reduction of water
conscious. Undeniably, people the world over will pay a great deal to
quality can be startling when measured by the Secchi Disk, invented by an Italian physicist to measure water transparency. Af
have a home with a view
ter the disk is thrown
into the water, the read
of water.
ings give an accepted measure of water clarity at various depths. Re
The opulence of Canada can be breath
taking. To sail across our many lakes is to re veal an astonishing ar ray ofimpressive homes and cottages,some with seaplanes moored at the edge of their lawns. While many homes are
search work undertaken
during a Master's thesis at the University of Maine, indicated that
every one metre drop in Secchi Disk transpar ency could translate to a 10 to 15% drop in wa terfront property values. For upscale cottage com munities, where proper ties frequently range
in architectural har
mony with the natural beauty of the surround ings, there are ominous signs that some lakes are from $500,000 to $1 becoming stressed. Mesotropby, the grim Sampling begins, using a Secchi Disk at Clear Lake in Parry Sound, Ont. million, the total cost of environmental neglect precursor of eutrophy, could run to millions. There have been many examples where that natural aging destiny ofall water bodies, is clearly accel erating in many lakes, perhaps stimulated by run-off from the neglect of septic systems or lawn runoff has transformed lawn-fertilizing operations, or from poorly constructed septic priceless aquatic assets into expensive real estate liabilities. Try selling your dream cottage after a matted carpet of weeds be systems. Patches of the ubiquitous eiirasian milfoil are increasingly gins to reach out from your shoreline. Waterfront homeowners on serviced lots are luckier as nu evident in shallower waters, especially near shorelines. The sheer number ofsmall sailing craft, and indeed the seaplanes trient rich sewage is pumped miles away for proper treatment. themselves, are definite suspects as carriers in the increasing But even on serviced lots problems may stem from proud proliferation of many species of weeds in these lakes. gardeners who lavish both fertilizers and herbicides to bring Buildings in sensitive areas need stringent pollution con about their perfectly green lawns. Unhappily, aquatic plants trols. Activities such as lawn fertilizing can threaten the very also respond to lawn fertilizer and herbicide run-off which has serious consequences to fish and wildlife. For the majority ofcottagers who are located on unserviced How's Your Lake? Nutrient Loading and How to lots, a great deal of waterfront protection can be achieved Interpret the Secchi Disk and Water Samples simply by maintaining and upgrading septic systems and by If the Secchi Disk If Chlorophyll A tests Your Lake is... maintaining natural vegetation between the cottage and the disappears at... show density of... 5 metres or more
3 - 5 metres
0 - 3 metres
80
Up to 2 micrograms per litre (low algal density) 2 - 4 micrograms per litre (moderate algal density)
4 or more micrograms per litre (high algal density)
Unenrlched,
Ollgotrophic Moderately enriched,
Mesotrophic Enriched,
Eutrophic
lakeshore.
Recent research indicates that sophisticated septic systems could achieve a very high order of pollution removal which could match or exceed the treatment effectiveness of a mu
nicipal facility. While this is encouraging for the future, regular removal of septage from tanks is recommended and regular maintenance inspections are vital. My cottage neighbour recently dug up his tile bed to find the tiles were completely filled with silt and sand. He quickly replaced it with a modem plastic system. It cost less than one Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
By Tom Davey Low Phosphorus Use
High Phosphorus Use Human waste
Dishwasher using powdered detergent and used once a day Lawn (30 m x 30 m or 100 ft. x 100 ft.) fertilized once a year using fertilizer containing 10 percent each of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium Lot cleared of trees
Household products containing phosphates used regularly Total Phosphorus Loading
535 g
Human waste
650 g
No dishwasher (or dishwasher using phosphate-free detergent)
535 g og Og
No fertilizer
1,960 g 30 g Trees not cut down
180 g 3,355 grams
Phosphate-free household products used Total Phosphorus Loading
20 g 20 g 575 grams
Look at the potential difference â&#x20AC;&#x201D; just one 'high-phosphorus" cottage can have the same impact on a lake as six "low-phosphorus" cottages. thousand dollars, but his simple action will do a great deal to
protect his(and our) waterfront. But few cottagers seem in terested in septic upgrades and universities are often slow to translate their research findings into lay language. Far too
many cottagers neglect the routine cleaning so necessary to protect our precious waterways. Recreational lakes, in fact, are microcosms of Canadian
environmental spending priorities. Underfunding means that valuable lakeshore properties will inevi tably become less desirable, gradually
losing millions in /
\ real estate values
as they deterio- / â&#x2013; \ Such de valuation has al- I Secchi^T^Disk I ready taken place in many North \ j American inner cities where real esplummetted because Wouldn't it be ironic if
/ tate prices have of urban decay. coveted vacation proper
ties in this country experienced similar losses because of de graded waterways? How do you know if your lake is in danger?
see how much "chlorophyll a"(the amount of green pigment in most plants and algae) is present. The higher the density of chlorophyll a, the more nutrient-enriched is your lake. Volunteers simply supply the ministry with water samples and Secchi Disk readings about six times each season (from May to September), permitting annual'check ups' ofthe health of the lakes, and the ministry analyzes the data. This fine program combines the self-interest of cottagers, with the experienee and knowledge of ministry scientists. If there is a more cost-effective way to protect the environment, I have yet to hear about it. If homeowners on our lakes could only link the environ mental facts of life with economic realities, they would de mand immediate action to restore and protect our precious water bodies. While public concern about the environment remains high, the truth is that actual spending on real pollu tion abatement projects and R&D is minuscule compared to other costs, especially debt servicing costs.
The Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy's Dorset Environmental Science Centre, is wedged between Haliburton
Highlands and Muskoka. It is at the heart ofsome ofthe most expensive waterfrontage in Canada. While it would be pro hibitively expensive for the ministry to regularly sample the thousands of lakes in the area, the Dorset Centre has imple
mented a unique cost-effective, self-help scheme where it en courages cottagers to monitor their lakes and report findings. There's a simple way to determine if a lake is oligotrophic (has few nutrients), mesotrophic (has more nutrients), or eutrophic (has too many nutrients). Regular testing must be done to measure water clarity and how much algal growth is taking place because of excess nutrients. If the water seems to be losing its clarity through the years, there are too many algae â&#x20AC;&#x201D; indicating the lake is over-enriched with nutrients. To measure water clarity, use a Secchi Disk. It's a round, flat disk. The surface is divided into quarters, painted alter nately solid black and solid white. A standard Secchi Disk is 20 centimetres (almost eight inches) in diameter and is mounted on metal. (See drawing.) Away from shore, the disk is lowered into the water and the depth at which it disappears from view is noted. If the disk disappears at a relatively shallow depth (see chart), that indicates there's a lot of algae growing in the lake and is an indication of too many nutrients entering the water. Cottagers need to know just how dense the algal growth is in their lake and their associations should supply water sam ples regularly to the MOEE where they can be analyzed to Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
The Secchi Disk has been lowered onto an old crib. 81
Wastewater Treatment, continued from page 51 Biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters for nutrient removal system became apparent soon after startup. The presence of the anaerobic
mentation and digestion of oil & grease into fatty acids in the anaerobic and an oxic zones, along with the breakdown of
Moreover, since the discharge from the 3-stage BNPR process contains less organics and suspended solids than from the previous biological unit, chlorine consumption for disinfection is 30% lower. Sludge production has declined by 40% and overall the system is con suming 40% less energy than before.
other carbonaceous matter in the waste,
New Plant Performance
has improved denitrification and has en hanced biological phosphorus removal. Since the TKN loading of the
The new treatment system is produc ing a final effluent of excellent quality, meeting all discharge requirements. A portion ofthe effluent is used to irrigate grassy areas at the site. Furthermore, given the excellent quality of the effluent, the discharge could readily be utilized for a multitude ofpurposes, including irrigation ofpub lic parks, golf courses, and agricultural lands; dust control and concrete produc tion on construction projects; toilet and urinal flushing in commercial and indus trial buildings; and as evaporative cool ing water in utility power stations and other industrial sites(United States Golf
and anoxic selector zones eliminated the need for the addition of chemicals to control filamentous bacteria. The fer
wastewater is greater than in typical mu
nicipal sewage, much higher alkalinity than available under normal circum
stances is required for nitrification to be completed. Oxidation of TKN from 100 mg/L to 10 mg/L may require up to 600 mg/L of alkalinity, which is sel dom available in wastewater and has to
be provided by using sodium hydrox ide or lime. However, with denitrifi cation included in the treatment se
quence, approximately 50% of the sys tem alkalinity can be recovered, produc ing adequate buffering capacity. Be cause the system pH is self-controlling, periodic addition of sodium hydroxide or lime is no longer needed.
Association, 1994: US EPA, 1992).
Table 1 summarizes the discharge re quirements for the two wastewater treat ment plants and the typical monthly
average characteristics ofthe influent to the three stage BNPR process and the final effluent. The aforementioned case histories
clearly demonstrate that the Modified Phoredox process is a most suitable tech nology for treating municipal and indus trial wastewaters in order to remove
carbonaceous BOD,nitrogen, and phos phorus. The process is versatile, stable, easy to operate, and can be fully auto mated. Individual components of the overall treatment train are straightfor ward.
Compared to conventional activated sludge and extended aeration, the Modi fied Phoredox requires about 30-40% less oxygen. Unlike some other con ventional biological treatment systems, chemical addition can be eliminated for
pH control and the need for chemical phosphorus removal is very modest if not completely eliminated. Conse quently, while associated capital costs are comparable to those ofconventional biological treatment methods, operating costs are significantly lower. For more information,
circle reply card No. 142
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riT-.M'f -If TI'MI
Environmental Science & Engineering,September 1996
R&D News, cont'd.
Consultants
Continued from page 78.
type reactors. As described in the Water Quality Research Journal of
INTERA
Canada, each wastewater sample was diluted and oxygen uptake was recorded until the beginning of the endogenous
Environmental Scientists and Engineers
phase. A comparison ofthe kinetics led to an assessment of relative biodegrad-
ability ofthe wastewaters. This will be useful in understanding the impact of refinery wastewater discharge to munici pal wastewater treatment systems.
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151 Tagger Hims ■ll LIMITED
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batch assays. As described in Water Research, both types of biomass exhib ited resin acid partitioning rates that were significantly greater than the rate of re moval by degradation. With nonacclimated anaerobic biomass, partition ing was the sole mechanism for resin acid removal. Dehydroabietic acid was the resin acid least strongly associated
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Nitrification
Bioaugmentation refers to the continual addition of a microbial species to a bioreactor which cannot maintain a
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Environmental Science
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Murphy described a specific application in which waste activated sludge from a fully nitrifying system is donated to a system with a low solids retention time (SRT) which does not nitrify. Results are described in which a non-nitrifying system is continuously seeded with autotrophs permitting that system to achieve complete nitrification through on-site bioaugmentation.
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R&D News, cont'd.
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•Environmental audits MAUROZ Engineering Inc. 168 Montreal St., Kingston, Ont. K7K 3G4
Tel:(613)548-3446 Fax:(6l3)548-7975
two hydroelectric reservoirs, in lake sediments and in peat bogs. Using a di alysis technique, these University of Quebec scientists were able to generate close interval vertical profiles of total dissolved mercury. The concentrations in both artificial and natural systems are similar and independent of the sampling environment, the depth of the overlying water column, and the history of the res ervoir impoundment.
•Site decommissioning & rehabilitation
Performance
In a paper published in the Water Qual ity Research Journal of Canada, W.M. Zahid and J.J. Ganczarczyk report that the presence of organic particles in the feed to an RBC unit adversely influenced the physical and attachment properties of the biofilm as well as the unit per formance.
Marshall Mackiin
Monaghan CONSULTING ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS • PLANNERS
Specialists in Environmental Planning and Engineering, Hydrogeology, Waste Management and Water Resources 80 Commerce Valley Drive East
TORONTO, EDMONTON
Burlington, Mississauga, Whitby
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(905) 882-1100
Fax:(905) 882-0055
The biofilms exhibited a
fluffy, loose filamentous structure which was continually eroding. These Univer sity of Toronto scientists suggest that the entrapment of the particulate organics by the biofilm matrix causes the subsequent development of oxygen-depleted zones and structural flaws within the biofilm. Solar Radiation Disinfection of Potable Water
University of Waterloo scientists S.K. Shah, E.A. McBean and W.A.Anderson studied the efficacy of water disinfec tion using solar radiation for potential household or individual use in regions where treated drinking water is unavail able. Small samples of sterilized water were contaminated with£. colt and then
exposed to solar radiation. As reported in the Canadian Journal of Civil Engi neering, bacterial counts could be re duced from several thousands to less
ODOUR PROBLEMS?
than one per millilitre during one day of solar radiation. Although the process is not likely to be a suitable alternative to
Assessment and Control
Air Pollution Dispersion Study • Monitoring and Field Sampling
conventional chemical disinfection, it
. Odour Panel Evaluation
may be applicable in situations where
ROWAN WILLIAMS DAVIES & IRWIN Inc.
no other disinfection is available.
Consulting Engineers 650 Woodlawn Road West
Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1K1B8 Contact: Anton Davies, Ph.D., P.Eng., Principal Telephone:(519) 823-1311 Facsimile: {519) 823-1316
RWDI
■CIVIL/ ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING' CONSULTANTS WATER SUPPLY' POLLUTION CONTROL • DRAINAGE SCADA • ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES • ENERGY AUDITS
SIMCOE EIMGINEERINQ GROUP UMITEG
Consulting Engineers & Architect 1815 Ironstone Manor, Suite #10. Pickering, Ont. L1W 3W9 • Tel: 905-831-1715
84
Fax; 905—831—0531
For more information, contact Dr. H.R. Eisenhauer, Canadian Associa tion on Water Quality, Environmen tal Technology Centre, Environment Canada, 3439 River Road South, Gloucester, ON K1A0H3, Tel: (613) 990-9849, Fax: (613) 990-2855.
Check out our new web site
http://www.esemag.com
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
DATE PAD the Love ofthe Earth". The Composting
nual Conference. Charlottetown, PE.
dian Environment Industry Association, Environment Canada. Wirmipeg, MB. Contact: CEIA (613) 723-3525.
Contact: B. Rooney (902)421-6918.
October 22-25, 1996. Watercourses
September 22-27,1996. Contaminated
Conference. Canadian Water Resources
Antler(416) 535-0240. October 24,1996. Water Environment
September 22-24, 1996. Atlantic Canada Water Works Association An
Council of Canada's Annual Confer
ence. Toronto, ON. Contact: Susan
and Hazardous Waste Site Management
Association, BC Branch. Vancouver,
Association of Ontario Seminar on
Short Course. Toronto, ON. The Asso ciation for the Environmental Health of
BC. Contact: Adrian Chantler (604) 681-4196.
Soils, the National Ground Water Asso
October 22-25, 1996. POLLUTEC -
Legal Issues. Mississauga, ON. Con tact:(416) 502-1440 October 28-29, 1996. Annual Confer
ciation. Contact: GOwen Environmen
12th International Exhibition of Envi
ence of the Canadian Environmental
tal (613)567-4890.
ronmental Equipment, Technology and Services. Lyon, France. Contact:
Auditing Association. Toronto, ON. Contact:(905) 567-4705. October 29-30,1996. Calgary Environ
September, 1996. Water Filtration and System Operations for Small Water Sys
Promosalons Canada 1-800-565-5443,
Fax:(416)929-2564. October 23,1996. ProcessAudit Work shop. Water Environment Association & Waste Association (604)936-4982. September 24-27, 1996. "Innovation, ofOntario, Ministry ofEnvironment and Technology and Application" Western Energy, Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund. Mississauga, ON. Contact: Tony Canada Water and Wastewater Associa tion 48th Annual Convention. Regina, Ho(416)235-6237 orMano Manoharan SK. Contact: WCWWA (403) 259- (416) 235-5829. October 23-25,1996. "Compost... for 4041.
tems Two-Day Seminar. Prince Rupert,
mental Tradeshow & Conference.
EC. Contact: British Columbia Water
Calgary,AB. Contact: Southex Exhibi tions 1-800-387-2446.
October 30-31, 1996. Environmental Certification for Competitiveness Con ference. The Canadian Council for Hu man Resources in the Environment
Industry and Industry Canada. Toronto, ON. Contact: CCHREI(403)233-0748.
September 25-27, 1996. "Visions for the Future: A Waste Reduction Confer
THORBURN PENNY
ence" - The Recycling Council of Al berta and the Tire Recycling Manage
Consulting Engineers
ment Board. Edmonton, AB. Contact:
• Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Systems
(403) 287-1477.
• Instrumentation & Controls
• Environmental Audits • Water Resources • Water Pollution Control
• Environmental Planning
• Water Supply
Chlorination and WHMIS
Workshops
MILTON: TORONTO:
Basic Gas Chlorination
875-2144 361-6135
STONEY CREEK:
643-8166
OTTAWA;
247-0111
Gas Chlorination Refresher
Hypochlorination WHMIS for Municipal Employees
engineers
planners
G. Durant, Canadian Enviro-Courses Ltd., Phone/Fax:(705)645-9570.
October 1-3, 1996. Canadian Manu facturing Week. Toronto, ON. Contact: Reed Exhibition Companies(416)4917565.
COMPLETE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE
architects
For dates and locations contact: David
Water Supply • System Optimization • Wastewater Solid Waste Management • Environmental Assessment MISA • Site Assessment & Remediation • SCADA
t o 11 e n sims
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October 5-9,1996. WEFTEC'96 - 69th Annual Conference & Exposition ofthe Water Environment Federation. Dallas,
UMA ENVIRONMENTAL Telephone; (905) 238-0007
TX. Contact: WEF 1-800-666-0206.
October 7-10, 1996. ISA'96. Interna tional Conference & Exhibition of the
International Society for Measurement & Control. Chicago, IL. Contact: ISA (919) 549-8411. October 7-8, 1996. British Columbia
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PLANNING & ENGINEERING ATLANTIC CANADA - CENTRAL CANADA - PRAIRIES - PACIFIC COAST
Water & Waste Association Seminar on
Water Use Efficiency Planning. Kamloops, BC. Contact: BCWWA (604) 936-4982. October 17-21, 1996. "Caring for the
Environmental Science &
Engineering magazine is now on the
Earth". The World Conservation Con
gress ofthe lUCN. Montreal, QC. Con tact: Francois Taschereau (514) 843-
world wide web. Check us out at
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October 21-24, 1996. 18th Canadian Waste Management Conference. Cana Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
http://www.esemag.com 85
Emergency response strategies
By Cliff Holland'
Effective environmental management demands a "preparedness audit"
Auditsare es ential in running any business effectively and
environmental audits are no
exception, particularly when a company is taking steps to prepare emergency response plans, correct inter nal deficiencies and prepare for environ mental emergencies. Commissioning an environmental audit does not mean that
a company's environmental problems are solved; in fact, they may have just begun. The result can be a thick report and a
lenge an incorrect MSDS. A Preparedness Audit, on the other hand, would include that sort of detail.
It would include an inspection and as sessment of chemical-handling prac tices, a detailed review of chemical in ventories and critical assessment of
emergency response supplies. The Pre paredness Audit would look at the cor porate ability to meet responsibilities, including the capabilities of personnel, their level of training, assessments of response supplies and equipment as well
lot of worthwhile infor
mation that may not lead corporations to their de sired goals. For instance, auditors who merely fol low detailed checklists
may overlook vital pieces ofinfonnation relating to emergency preparedness,
tions has contributed
simply because it is out side their area of exper tise. Auditors without ex
tensive industry experi ence may assess chemical inventories in the work
they are prepared to respond and train before calling in outside agencies. They will then have to evaluate auditing firms to ensure they have high levels of prac tical knowledge combined with an un derstanding ofspecific chemicals, proc esses and emergency response. lh.e PreparednessAudit the company receives must not be limited to legisla tive requirements. It must be a userfriendly document,suitable for quick ref erence while serving as a guide to im plement chemical and waste manage ment changes as well as hands-on training pro grams required by emer gency responders. Compliance with oc cupational health and safety rules and regula
/
greatly to far fewer chemical spills and envi ronmental emergencies than in past years. There is a danger, however, that a company which meets all ofits legal compliance obligations may not be prepared to deal with the
place and substantiate real world. compliance with storage When something com regulations but may be pletely unforeseen hap unaware of the implica tions of a spill. For With the firm foundation provided by a completed Preparedness Audit, pens, the company must example, an acid tank a company can evaluate its response capability and define levels of have the resources and capability to deal with the may have containment, corporate authority and responsibility. as the evaluation of procedures and re hierarchy of the emergency. This in but what steps have been taken to pre cludes identifying the roles of adminis vent corrosive mists from damaging sponse guidelines. product or equipment in the event of a Based on the level of inspection and trative responders such as communica assessment, the auditors would be able tions officers, emergency managers and spill? The answer to sorting the wheat from to detail on-site risks and hazards. They response team. the chaff may lie Preparedness Au would identify specific needs and make With the firm foundation provided by dit. This assessment deals specifically recommendations for training, supplies, a comptetedPreparednessAudit,a com with the level of preparation required to equipment and response procedures. pany can evaluate its response capabil deal with an emergency and includes The company is then prepared to im ity and define levels ofcorporate author recommendations for improvement. plement a hands-on training program, ity and responsibility. It can determine For instance, an industry has, or prepare site-specific emergency re the need for outside contractors as well should have, a complete and up-to-date sponse plans and develop response pro as for internal training programs. inventory ofchemicals with supporting cedures. The roles and responsibilities Effective response to a chemical spill Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). of management and internal response will help a company to reduce or avoid What may be missing, however, is de teams, as well as the need for external costly litigation and cleanups. A plant tail on the age ofthe chemicals, storage agencies, support services and special may be able to carry on operations, conditions and requirements and the ac ized resources necessary during an emer rather than shut down as a result of an gency can be clearly identified. curacy of MSDS infonnation. Inexpe incident. The company will also have a rienced auditors would not likely chal Companies looking forPreparedness better public image as a concerned cor Audits will have to examine their own porate citizen. needs and their response capability. For more information, *Presldent, Spill Management Inc. They will have to determine to what level circle reply card No. 129 Stoney Creek, Ontario 86
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
If this is •••
nochar Nature's Partner in Environmental Protection and Waste Minimization nochar Canada Inc. 4950 Yonge Street Suite 2200, Toronto, Ontario Tel 416-218-5545 Fax 416-221-4668
For more information, circle reply card No.272(See page 33)
Operations and Maintenance
By W.J. Hargrave and C.R. Burdick*
Computerized operations and maintenance manuals improve performance and costs
Operations and maintenance
manuals are an essential
These site specific information systems have many benefits, some of whieh are listed in Figure 1.
component of good plant performance. Computerized O&M manuals ean improve effieiency
(OID)? OID is information on a subjeet
and reduce costs.
converted to an electronic format so that
What is Online Interactive Document
this active fonnat makes it easier to un
derstand, and remember. Operation and maintenance manuals, contract specifi cations, government regulations and training tutorials are examples of docu ments that benefit from being converted to OID. O&M manuals are the fo
Recent surveys have shown that
cus of this article.
80% of the work force now use
Online Interactive Documents
computers on thejob. Through our jobs or with computers at home,
• easier access to information
most of us are familiar with how
• information easier to understand
accessible information is from the
• higher rate and degree of learning
Internet and how quickly we can retrieve precisely the infonnation we want. Also,a vast array ofgen Figure 1. Important benefits of OlDs eral knowledge is available on CD-ROM it is displayed on your eomputer as a such as encyclopedias, atlases, art, text combination of text, hypertext, graph books and training courses. In a similar ics, animation, photographs, video and sound. A topic that has extensive infor fashion, we ean now develop cost-effec mation that is used frequently, and has tive online interactive documents for specific material within this infoimation very specific applications such as the op erations and maintenanee manuals for in
that is difficult to find, is a candidate for
dividual water and wastewater facilities.
conversion to an OID. Search tools in the OID increase the
access to specific information at one or many locations within the document,and
'Principal, Hargrave & Company, Environmentai Inc.
O&M manuals, which are re
quired in some jurisdictions, can ensure for owners and managers consistent enhanced performance and maximum use of their water
and wastewater systems. The use of OIDs for O&M manuals for
plant facilities increases the benefits to owners, managers, operators and tech nicians by improving the utility of the documents. Properly developed OIDs can be a powerful learning tool that im proves staff performance, motivation, and flexibility. OIDs can be integrated with mainte nance management programs for better control of costs and budgets. OIDs asContinued overleaf
Trow
The
AMERICANA 97
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Americana M E ET I N e- p L A cE
is the
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T
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Vv
for firms and organi
zations to learn about new environmental
technologies. Its 1995
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made
AMERICAN
enormous Americana
success the
NETWORKING
in the environmental industry.
in
north Bt
CENTRE
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Vlad Stritesky, P.Eng., President of Trow Consulting Engineers Ltd. is pleased to announce that Alex Giffen, P.Eng., has joined the company as Manager of the Enviromnental Division. A 28 year veteran in the Environmental field, Alex will be responsible for the administration, technical output, and management of all environmental engi neering projects. Trow, founded in 1957, is a Canadian owned, multi-disciplinary finn with lo
ricana 97,911 Jean-Talon Street East, Suite 220, Montreal (Qc) Telephone: (514) 270-7110
Fax: (514)270-7154
E-mail: america
Vab Site:, http://vyww.login.net/americana/
For more information, circle reply card No. 273 (See page 33)
H2R
cal offices in Canada, the United States and Colombia.
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
FOR THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS, WE HAVE SERVED YOU AS.
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XCC Consultants Ltd. Environmental
Engineering Consultant:
~>^3® ai/B
WE HAVE HOW COHSOLIDATED OUR OEERATIOHS TO SERVE YOU BETTER, AHD ARE EXCITED TO AHHOUHCE THE HEW
SOME THIH6S WILL HOT CHAH6E e same staff will continue to provide you witli teclinicoi expertise developed through yeors of experience; •personalized service from principols ond ossociotes; ond, •high quality results. AHD SOME THIH6S WILL BE BETTER
XCG con now offer our volued clients speciolizotion in o full ronge of environmental engineering services from alf of our offices across Canada. We speciolize in •drinking woter quolity ond treotment •woter distribution system onolysis • municipal wostewoter treotment storm woter and combined sewer overflow monogement
hydrogeology ond groundwoter investigotions Environmentol Monogement Systems "' solid and hazardous waste monogement • * site assessments and auditing site remediotion ond decommissioning *
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oir resources ossessment ond mqnogemenf
•Industriol wostewoter treotment
The XCG Consultants Limited management team: President - George Zukovs, M.Eng., P.Eng. Prindpal - Stephen Nutt, M.Eng., P.Eng. Prindpal - Richard Rush, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. Prindpal - Evan Jones, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. e invite'you to col] ony of our offices ocross Conodo for more informotion obout the odvontoges of working witj (CG Consultonts Limited.
XCG CONSULTANTS LIMITED A unique engineering company specializing in cusfomizing solutions to meet all of your environmental needs -.Port Credit
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;•?
Mississauga - Streelsville 6505E Mississnuga Rd. Wisslssaugo, Out. i5H 1A6 Tel. (905) 821-1127
-fit (905) 821-1878 ..emoit moil @xtg:tom "
Kilthener
Kingston
Vancouver
50 Queen St. N., Suite 904 Kitchener, Ont. N2H 6P4 Tel. (519) 741-5774
33EorlSt.
2609 Westview Dr., Suite 402 North Voncouver, B.C. V7N 4M2
Kingston. Ont. K7L 204 21: (613) 542-5888
Fox. (519) 741-5627
Fox. (613) 542-0844
email: moil ©xcg.com
email: mholley@ndon.l(ingston.net
For more information, circie repiy card No. 274 (See page 33)
ft
Tel. (604) 990-0582 Fax. (604) 9900583
.ema|:;Xc9ems®nxionet.coitt
Operations and Maintenance, cont'd. sist operators and technicians because plant information,even for normally in accessible areas, is readily available through such means as drawings, pho tographs and videos. The format of the documents can greatly improve commu nications among the many people re
Haigiave & CompaRy Online Inlctaclive Document
1350
I £ile £dit BookiQatk Qptiom He^
WATER TRZATMENTPLANT
quired to operate and maintain most fa cilities and can also help to define du ties and responsibilities. Depending on how the OIDs are prepared, they can be updated and expanded easily.
LLPS SETTLING
O&M Manuals
Many regulatory agencies require that water and wastewater plants have O&M
WORKSHOPS,LABS 8e GARAGE
manuals. The intent is to document all
Index
of the plant's designed capabilities, to promote good plant performance and to maximize the use of the plant facilities. Even without government requirements,
good O&M manuals make sense be cause they can greatly help with daily operations and emergency conditions. Although good O&M manuals are an essential component to enhanced system
Chlorination and
WHMIS Workshops Basic Gas Chlorination
(4 1/2 days): November 96 - Brampton February 97 - Nova Scotia
April 97 - Sudbury May 97 - Brampton September 97 - Kingston Gas Chlorination Refresher
Figure 2. Water treatment plant footprint with hypergraphic hot spots. ing the problem. capabilities and perfonuance,our expe Over time, an "expert system" rience suggests that for most water and wastewater systems they are often not evolves that provides detailed guidance to all operators for their particular plant. available, or they may be poorly writ ten, or difficult to use. Information is This process yields higher efficiency and not useful if finding or understanding it greater consistency in plant perform ance. SOPs are not unlike the commonly is difficult. Effective O&M manuals must be
used maintenance work orders, which
complete, accurate and understandable.
are also called Standard Maintenance
Some standardized formats are useful
Procedures (SMPs). O&M manuals developed as an OID
models or outlines for the preparation of O&M manuals but these only repre sent a generic shell into which site spe cific information is inserted. The sig
have tremendous benefits, some of which are:
•identical text as the hard copy versions
(2 days): November 96 - Bracebridge May 97 - Brampton
nificant effort comes in the collection of
ofO&M manuals;
data and the great care that must be taken in the preparation and writing of the
• technical reference information that
October 97 - London
documents. The O&M manuals must be
Hypoohlorination (3 days):
updated periodically. There is an increasing trend to optimizing water and wastewater treat ment plant performance to improve
supports all processes and equipment; • graphics with exploded views ofequip ment and part numbers; • photographs of equipment that are usually difficult to see, i.e., submerged,
October 96 - Chatham December 96 - Ottaiwa March 97 - London
efficiencies and reduce costs. There is
• pop-up screens with definitions of
April 97 - Bracebridge October 97 - Kingston
also an emphasis on maintaining the capital assets. An important method of
• browse buttons to allow the user to read
WHMIS for Municipal Employees
accomplishing this is by using O&M manuals that contain Standard Operat ing Procedures(SOPs); this is where the best practices and ideas for operational activities are carefully documented. The SOPs are usually developed and verified through a consensus among own ers, managers, operators and technicians. Using SOPs clearly defines responsibili ties and this leads to staff empowerment and greaterjob satisfaction. Ifa problem arises that cannot be adequately ad dressed by an existing SOP, then, after
(1 day):
November 96 - Collingwood March 97 - Bracebridge These workshops can be conducted at a customer's location. We will also be
conducting Ammonia, Fluoridatlon, and Certification Exam Preparation Work shops. For further information please contact:
David G. Durant, P.Eng., Canadian Enviro-Courses Ltd.,
Bracebridge, Ontario Phone/Fax:(705) 645-9570 E-mail: cdnenvro@muskoka.com
the problem is solved,the SOP is revised to include the knowledge gained by solv-
90
or buried; terms, units, and abbreviations;
related topics; • search engines to find needed infor mation quickly; • process simulation to predict plant per formance under different conditions;
• the ability to review and print SOPs; • a detailed index of equipment manu facturers' literature.
In an OID,there is almost no limit to how much information and the various
ways to present the information about a particular water or wastewater system. Development of an OID
Preparation of an OID requires planContinued overleaf
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
Environmental Problems?
Do you know that 95% of all General Contractors, Architects, Consultants and Engineers have NO Environmental or Pollution Insurance Coverage! Unbelievable, it's true, every day in Canada, environmental remediation work is completed by so-called "professionals" operating without proper worker training, pollution or environmental insurance coverage. As the person who issued or contracted the work to be done, you could be liable. That's right, you could be sued both corporately and personally in the event of accidents, future contractor employee claims, pollution, contamination and environmental reprecussions resulting from the project being completed improperly. Over 95% of General Contractors, Architects, Engineers and Consultants do NOT have environmental and pollution insurance coverage. They carry only General Liability Insurance and Errors & Ommissions insurance coverage. This insurance does not cover environmental remediation projects or the resulting pollution cleanups and liabilities. Don't risk your future, protect your personal and corporate assets! Trust us, across Canada and the United States, we are experts in environmental remediation, asbestos abatement,industrial/commercial fire cleanups and restorations and lead abatement. We camj the best long term asbestos and "Environmental Impairment Occurrence Insurance Coverage in Canada.
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lead abatement and lead paint removal chemical clean-ups plant decommissioning environmental impairment occurance insurance urea formaldehyde foam (UFFI) removal, cost estimates, inspections asbestos encapsulation and repair hazardous waste spill clean-up contaminated soil remediation
power washing and steam cleaning fire clean-ups, removal, restorations environmental clean-ups industrial fire cleaning and restoration
lead and hazardous coatings removal pharmaceutical decontamination heavy metals decontamination (mercury, cadmium, lead, PCBs, arsenic, silica, chromium, etc.)
pesticide, herbicide, fungicide clean-ups containment and barrier construction
histoplasmosis (pigeon, seagull, bird, bat droppings) dust collectors — removal and cleaning underground storage tank (UST)removals estimates — budgets costs of removal experienced at presentation of expert opinion expert court testimony Supreme Court experience commercial fire clean-ups
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For more information, circle reply card No. 275(See page 33)
Operations and Maintenance, cont'd. ning. Early discussions are important to agree on the information and to cus tomize the presentation before the work is started. Some aspects that need to be carefully decided are: • project budget and schedule; • the audience definition - who will use
the online documentation;
• to what degree infomration will be bro ken down and how well it is layered; • what infonnation will be presented on main, secondary and pop-up windows; • the size and position of screens; • methods used to access information;
• the number, subject, and location of graphics, photographs and videos; • the resolution and colour depth of graphics, etc.; • whether it is a stand alone system, or will it be integrated into a network; • the various stages of review during development. The word processing text files of an O&M manual are the starting points for the preparation of an OID. This mate rial must be segregated, often rewritten and formatted into hypertext topics, pro cedures, references and indexes for ef fective online presentation. Technical
glossaries are incorporated throughout the text with pop-up definitions. Spe
cialists in the water and wastewater field
should prepare the reformatting of in formation so that topics are properly broken down and linked along with meaningful key word indexes. Each user of an OID has a different
preferred method offinding information. Some people prefer to use the table of contents. Others will use the topic, or key word index to fmd information. Still others prefer to use a graphic interface to navigate their way to the information they need. Therefore, an effective OID is designed to provide access to the in fonnation from multiple entry points. For this reason, OID information is built
and presented in layers. Again, experts in training and communications are re
quired to properly reformat text so it will provide the maximum benefit as online
OIDs can be integrated with SCADA and maintenance management programs for better control of costs and budgets, which can provide a cost-effective re turn for the investment in the OID.
Project Examples The computer and software are now readily available for OID applications. The OIDs range in size from I to 200 megabytes depending on the plant size and the number of graphics and videos included. This is well within the capa bilities of most computers used for SCADA,etc. Most ofthe computers can simultaneously do multiple tasks so the OIDs are immediately available to the user even ifother programs are running. Two OIDs will serve as examples; one is for a 160 ML/d water treatment
vided where the user can add immedi
plant and the other is for a 5 ML/d water pollution control plant. The water plant O&M manual and the OID are being prepared at the same time. The wastewater plant O&M manual was pre pared by others and is being converted
ately any comments or changes to a spe
to an OID. Each OID will be used as
documentation.
OlDs must be periodically revised and updated to keep the information cur rent. A pop-up note pad can be pro
cific topic. When the text is saved, a marker is placed next to the topic title. These temporary revisions can be used regularly to update the hard copy ofthe O&M manual and the OID.
training tools along with supporting op eration and maintenance needs. Both
manuals will have multiple entry points using the table of contents, indexes and graphics. Each has text screens that de scribe the plant components. Some of the screens have a button(s) that, if
Lamella^ Gravity Settler/Thickener
pushed,can provide details on the theory of this particular process. Figure 2 illustrates the hypergraphic footprint of the water treatment plant. This graphic directs the user to specific infonnation about the plant areas and is provided as an option to using the table of contents. To fmd the standard oper ating procedure for backwashing a fil
ter, f^or example,the plant operator only has to click on the filter area of the
Over 20 years ago, Parkson introduced the "inclined plate" gravity settler/ thickener that was destined to revolutionize the water treatment industry. And it didi The Lameila Gravity Settler's unique flow distribution and simplified siudge removal technique, insured optimum performance to some of the largest corporations in America. It did then, and still does nowl
The same great product is now backed by 20 years experience In the field. Call us now for more Information.
>IPARKSON Represented In Canada By Axel Johnson (Canada) Inc. and Its representatives. 9050, Ryan Avenue. Dorval, Quebec HOP 2M8 Tel.:(514)636-8712 Fax.:(514)636-9718
92
For more information, circle reply card No. 276 (See page 33)
graphic tojump to the section for filtra tion and backwashing. In the water pollution control plant manual,an aerial photograph ofthe treat ment plant has been incorporated in the top layer with hotspot pop-ups that iden tify each process structure, and equip ment within the building structures. Buttons are provided next to groupings of processes such as preliminary treat ment, secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment that, when pushed,jump to ap plicable sections in the manual. These are examples of how you can have vari ous types ofpresentation ofthe material and different ways of getting to infor mation.
For more information,
circle reply card No. 277 Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
WEFTEC '96 Preview
By Steve Davey
Canadian Titanic explorer to open WEFTEC '96 in Dallas
Canada's Dr. Joe Maclnnis,a
Technical Program Session topics at WEFTEC '96 will
medical doctor and interna
tionally recognized expert on deep sea diving, will be keynote speaker at WEFTEC '96 in
cover:
• Wastewater treatment research
• Municipal wastewater treatment • Residuals and biosolids management • Collection systems • Remediation of soil and groundwater
Dallas, October 5-9. Attendees of the 1995 Water Envi ronment Association of Ontario confer
ence were spellbound by his recounting of expeditions to the Titanic and the Edmund Fitzgerald, a Canadian ship made famous by songwriter Gordon Lightfoot. Dr. Maclnnis has spent the last 30 years studying human performance in high-risk environments. Since 1964 he has been involved in some of the deep est and longest dives ever made,joining that small group ofpioneers whose work in physiology opened up the ocean depths. Dr. Maclnnis was a consultant to the
Titanic discovery team and the first Canadian to explore the world's most famous shipwreck. In 1991, he was coleader of the most daring deep diving
• Industrial wastes
• Surface water quality and ecology • Management • Innovative and alternative technology • Facility operations • Topics of current interest • Regulatory issues and federal project ever conducted, a seven million dollar expedition to film Titanic in the IMAX fonuat.
Currently he is working with the International Joint Commission on a
science education project to accelerate the cleanup of the Great Lakes; speaker fees will support this effort.
facilities
•International & public education issues Tour Highlights Delegates can tour any of nine of North Texas' most interesting treatment facilities: •The Cole Park Detention Vault was
He has written five books on the ocean and articles for Scientific Ameri
conceived, developed and constructed as an innovative solution to the City of Dallas' stormwater management prob
can and National Geographic.
lem associated with the reconstruction
WASTEWATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT CORPORATE PRORLE
• 100% Canadian Ownership • Dedicated A4anagement Team •Total Capability: Sales, Design, Engineering and Manufacturing • Committed to Customer Service
• Full Quality Assurance Programme •85 Year Track Record
• Experience in Export
EQUIPMENT
Anaerobic digesters Clarifiers Detriter
Thickeners
Pumps Degriting
Travelling Bridges
State-Of-The-Art Rectangular Suction Secondary Clarifier
174 West Street South, Orillia, Canada L3V 6L4
(705)325-6181 Toronto:(416)777-6847 Fax:(705)325-2347 PROCESS EQUIPMENT GROUP INC.
Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1996
For more information, circle reply card No. 278 (See page 33)
93
WEFTEC '96, cont'd. ofus Hwy. 75. The stormwater vault is located 30 m below a city park and pro vides 269,000 m'ofstorage in 13 paral lel galleries. • The Central Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant has recently expanded to treat 511 ML/d (135 mgd) to levels of7 mg/L CBOD. 15 mg/L TSS and 3/5
mg/L (seasonal) NH^N. The plant fea tures a single stage activated sludge
process enhanced for ammonia nitrogen removal, followed by sand filtration, carbon absorption, chlorination and dechlorination. Special features of the
plant include granular activated carbon filtration to reduce toxic compounds. •The TCWCID is one ofthe largest pro viders of surface water in Texas. A
pilot-scale constructed wetlands project, operated since December 1992, is test ing the use of constructed wetlands for water quality enhancement of proposed Trinity River diversions to supplement the yield of Richland-Chambers and
Operations Challenge '96 Tuesday, October 8, 1996 9:15 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.- Dallas Convention Centre - Exhibit Hall
See how operators and technicians overcome flooding, a sewer collapse, process failure and other emergencies Tension and drama fill the air during this annual WEFTEC event, as operators compete for pride and the right to hoist the trophy awarded to the team demon strating the best combination of precision, speed and safety. Operations Chal lenge has grown from a 22-team event in 1988 to its current 40-team, two-division
format. Each two-to-four member team has endured months of study and practice, and their fast-paced, precision work before the scrutiny of judges never fails to set the convention center buzzing with excitement. • The American Airlines Maintenance
wastewater collection lines in the .streets
Facility was constructed in 1991 at Al liance Airport in Fort Worth. The treat ment plant facility treats flows generated from the maintenance operations and was designed to handle flows of 1.9 ML/ d (0.5 mgd). The plant was designed to be operated 12 hours per day and to store waste flows during weekend operations. • City of Fort Worth Wastewater Col lection System — see what innovative technology can do to repair 3,900 km of
of Fort Worth. Highlights include de scriptions oftwo mnncl projects beneath downtown Fort Worth.
• City of Garland Rowlett Creek WWTP — visit the advanced biological process Rowlett Creek WWTP with a rated ca
pacity of91 ML/d(24 mgd)and see how city operators are employing organiza tion re-engineering, off-the-shelfcontrol teclmology and out-sourcing to continu ously improve their competitive advan Cedar Creek Reservoirs. tage in relation to the growing chal lenge of privatization. • The Village Creek Wastewater ELMRIDGE manufactures and stocks jet eductors and ejectors for use with water, Treamrent Plant provides service to
JET APPARATUS FROM STOCK
steam, compressed air and other motive fluids Applications include:
750,000 customers in Fort Worth
and 23 wholesale contracting enti
• PUMPING
ties. The conventional activated
• EVACUATING
•COMPRESSING
sludge treatment process produces approximately 100 dry metric ton (110 ton) of biosolids each day.
• HEATING
• The Southside WastewatcrTreat-
• CIRCULATING • BLENDING
• DILUTING
ment Plant is the newer of Dallas'
• EXHAUSTING
two wastewater treatment plants.
• VACUUM
The first section is an activated
ELMRIDGE Engineering Inc.
ELMRIDGE JET APPARATUS
3625 Weston Road, Unit 15 Weston, Ontario CANADA M9L 1V9
Tel: (416) 749-7730
sludge treatment proce.ss 340 ML/ d (90 mgd) design capacity, fol lowed by filtration, chlorination and dechlorination.
Fax: (416) 749-2550
For more information, circle reply card No. 279(See page 33)
For further information, call 1-800-666-0206.
AD INDEX ABS Pumps
28
AcoAssman
9
Coster Eng
20
Hoffman
Cronitech
43
Hydromantis Insituform iPEX KSB Pumps Laidlaw Env Microsep Int'i
ADI Systems
72
Dagex
43
Americana '97
88
Davidson
43
Analytical Meas
74
Degremont
41
Anthrafilter
43
Delta Derrick
16 12
Aquablast Aquarius Armtec
43 47 25, 74
Brothers Industries
57
Can Am Ins
43
Cancoppas
2
Eagiebrook
29
Eckel Industries
73
Eimco Elmridge
72, 96 94
14
Militronics MOEE
6 82
National Instruments
Trow
63
Victaulic Watergroup
74
Certa Inc Chemline Plastics
21 28
GL&V Golder
93 38
CPPA
39
Gorman-Rupp
33
Hach
95
94
Terratec
Trojan
74
Ont. Clean Water
58, 73
10 15 4 7
87
OCPA
Colgate-Palmolive
Spectra Spill Management Stormceptor Terminal City
Nortech Control
72 10
Cdn. Metal Rolling
15 79
Nochar Canada
43
Parkson
11
72, 92
Proteus Env Restoration RMS Envirosoiv Sandale
13 91 71 16
54, 55, 74 72
Service Filtration Southex
18
Env. Training
73 90
72, 74
Schlumberger Security insurance
Encotec Fabco Plastics Geostructure
Canwit Cdn. Env. Courses
13 31, 74 23, 73 5 17, 74 50
Waukesha Wiiims & Shier XCG/W20
Zenon
43
37, 72 88
58, 73 54 72 20 89
34, 73
Environmenud Science cS Engineering. September 1996
Sample Group
Concentration
314
198
315 316
198
0.050 mg/L An. Surfact 0.050 mg/L An. Surfact
198
0.050
mg/L An. Surfact
320
0.050
mg/L An.
328
198 198
372
198
0.050 0.050
398
198
0.050
405
198 198
0.050 0.050
414 426
198
198
0.050 0.050
431 442 445
198
0.050
198
0.050
198
0.050
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
412
Prsnrajn
Surfact
An. Surfact J An. An. Surfact 1 An. Surfact J An. SurfaC 5 An. Surf<> An. An. An. An.
Wavelength
Date Stored
bOSnm
15-JUL-96 09:46:4
Snm
15-JUL-96 09:52:2 15-JUL-96 10:04:1 15-JUL-96 10:22:4 .-JUL-96 13:46:4 -JUL-96 14:10:0
Surfact j
f/M
JUL-96 14:22:3 9-JUL-96 14:46:1 JUL-96 15:02:5 JUL-96 07:35:5
2-JUL-96 07:39:2 22-JUL-96 07:58:2 22-JUL-96 08:11:1 22-JUL-96 08:26:2
New Hach
DR/2010
Datalogging Spectrophotometer.
/
I
s< a successo successc r
to the popular DIV200(), the DR/2()10 DattJo^ing
Spectrophotometer offers even more performance, eon\'enienee and economy. It assures data integrity iiy storing, recalling and
downloading up to 1000 sample readings. ^ The DR/2010 comes with 120 preprogrammed methods and can store up to 50 custom
calibrations. Onscreen prompting guides users through procedures
! available in multiple languages. ^ The DR/2010 is designed for laboratory' or field use. Ru^ed and compact, it uses line power or batteries. Ilach also offers 12 different DREL Portable Laboratories, which are equipped with a DR/2010 and the reagents, apparatus and
The water
labware required for specific applications. For more information,
quality analysis leader just got better.
contact your local distributor or Ilach Company in the USA
(telephone: 970-669-3050; fax: 970-669-2932; e-mail: intl@haeh.eom). In Europe, call (32)(S1)44.71.71 or fax:
[HACH. (32)(81)44.13.00. Request literature 3308. ISO 9001 Certified
For more information, circie reply card No. 280(See page 33)
Innovative Chain & Flight Coliectors Skim Excess 0 & M Expense from Rectanguiar Giarifiers New materials options and positive skimmings discharge systems slash routine maintenance and extend
service life for these solidscollection workhorses.
4
Afit's been some time since you've considered chain and fight collection systems, EIMCO engineers have added new design features and materials options that will make the reacquaintance worth your while. EIMCO manufactures complete sohds removal systems for rectangular clarifiers,incorporating an expanded range of non-metallic materials and improved solids discharge mechanisms that reduce operator attention and extend mechanism life.
(Photo Top Left): UHMWP Sprockets. Also available: Nylon, cast iron, and other combinations. (Photo Above):More corrosion - resistant materials.
Chain: Acetal, Nylon, Promel, stainless steel, steel, others. Flights: FRP, steel, redwood, laminates.Return Rails: FRP, stainless steel, hot dip galvanized. Complete corrosion-resistant structuralpackage.
For more information on positive solids removal ■with chain & flight collectors, contact your EIMCO sales representative.
ISC
9001 QUALITY SYSTEM CERTIFIED
More skimming options: helical, spiral, rotatingpipe, integral and auxiliary "C-Cup"systems.
lEQ Main Office • 5155 Creekbank Road • Mississauga, ON • (905] 625-6070 • FAX: (905] 625-3519 Western Office • 220-259 Midpark Way S.E. • Calgary, AL • (403) 256-6812 • FAX: (403) 256-7071 Eco Equipement FEP Inc. • Terrebonne, QC • (514) 477-7879 • FAX: (514) 477-7880 Ariantic Purification Systems Ltd. • Dartmouth, NS • (902) 469-2806 • FAX: (902) 463-3529
EIMCO PROCESS EQUIPMENT A Baker Hughes company
For more information,
circie repiy card No. 281 (See page 33)