November 2001
Environmental
www.esemag.com
& Engineering Covering Canada's multi-billion dollar environmental protection Industry since 1988.
â–
Historic water treatment plant now uses high-tech chlorine gas measurement Oxidation system certified for secondary wastewater treatment Southern Ontario studies land application of biosolids Are consulting engineers facing an identity crisis? Storage tanks and containment systems Remediating a RGB contaminated site The facts about UV disinfection
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ISSN-0835-605X October/November 2001 Vol. 14
No.5
Issued November, 2001
Contents New facilities at Ashbndges Bay - See page 66
High-strength P&P tanks - See page 46
Features 7
Train a grande Vitesse causes distress
60 Oxidation system certified for secondary wastewater treatment
- editorial comment
10 Coping with the environmental aftermath of
62 Engineering feasibility studies for remediation of a PCB contaminated site
the World Trade Center disaster
64
El Nino impacts biological production
30 Cover story - Chlorine gas measurement used at historic water treatment plant
66
New truck loading and odour control facilities at Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant
56
68
Taiwan paper mill invests in env. protection
70
Biosolids research and demonstration field trials conducted in Southern Ontario
28
New urinal eliminates need for water lines
The facts about UV disinfection
58 Infrastructure security a major topic at WEFTEC 2001
Special Tank Focus
Consultants' Forum
14 Consultant or Consulting Engineer do we have an identity crisis? 16 Evolution of hybrid consulting engineers 18 Groundwater challenges also pose new opportunities 20 Env. consulting after September 11, 2001 21 The dynamics of environmental consulting 22 Is sustainability the new challenge? 24 New engineering trends are emerging 26 What's changing in our world of change?
41 42
42 43 44 46 48 50
First glass bolted tank in PEI New Brunswick tank farm chooses
geomembrane When sunshine is not good for tanks Chemical surface cleaning Geosynthetic clay liners Special reinforcement was the key to building high-strength P&P tanks Tank alignment plays important role in early storage tank leak detection Flexible PVC lining system
Departments 8
Feedback
39
Classifieds
25
Ad Index
40
Date Pad
32-40
Industry Update
51-55
Product Review
34-38
Professional Cards
65
Literature Reviews Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
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Essay
Train a grande Vitesse causes distress
To ride on the French train a
grande vitesse is an almost unbelievable experience in ultra-high-speed travel, rival ling the virtual reality of Huxley's Brave New World. As a boy, I once sat in a bus going from Paris to Nice. While the scenery was a delight, the cramped conditions on a ten hour jour ney remain a painful memory to this day. Today, there is little actual sensa tion of speed as the TGV whisks pas sengers along from Paris to the Medi terranean at 300 kilometres an hour and
the rock-like stability and passenger space makes it much more comfortable than cramped airline travel. And as railway stations are usually located in downtown areas, a TGV can equal and sometimes exceed the speed of jet
location is factored into total travelling
The unmatched beauty of the Mediterranean can be reached in three hours from Paris, thanks to the TGVs. ES&E Photo - T. Davey
time.
North America.
travel when its convenient downtown
But now, two problems, which have long plagued airlines, are impacting on the TGV: noise, and vibration for build
ings on the route of these engineering marvels. Protests are mounting. Ear lier this year, a group of families gath ered in the ultra-modern TGV railway station at Valence. They were not there to view the new super-speed service between Paris and Marseille, they were there to protest noise pollution. Protest ers claimed the station is the only per fectly sound-proofed building on the 250 km link through Provence, where a dou ble-decker train a grande vitesse may whoosh by at 300 km/hr. every four minutes with a noise said to rival a for
mula one racing car at maximum revs. One home located 300 metres from
the line, has had to put up with recorded noise levels up to 97 decibels at every TGV passage, while the state-owned railway company, which has built a se ries of sound barriers, estimates the av
erage at 62 decibels. French noise bar
riers incidently, are usually artistic archi tectural configura
Valence has seen trade drop by as much as 30% in its town centre because
the new TGV station is in open country - a problem shared by Avignon (once a historic home of the Popes) in the Vaucluse. President Jacques Chirac, who inaugurated the line which puts the Mediterranean some three hours from
Paris, sent an encouraging note of sup port to protesters, but he is likely to be called upon to back other complaints against the service that has already car ried millions of passengers. Meanwhile, shock waves from pass ing trains are shaking and said to cause huge cracks in the houses of several Provengal villages - a threat residents fear will increase, if the planned superspeed rail traffic is to be tripled. The aviation industry has long been plagued by noise complaints which se verely restricted airport expansion plans. TGV is now encountering equally se vere noise problems which will chal lenge the superlative French engineer ing and scientific skills. Another problem is more conven tional - convergence of the TGV with the much slower traditional rail service.
tions instead of the
Since the super speed line opened,local
monotonous slabs
train traffic has been thrown into confu
more common in
By Tom Davey
The airlines too, are feeling the im pact of TGVs performance. Passenger air travel between Lyon and Paris drop ped dramatically with the arrival of the TGV.
When the French national railway in troduced a three-hour train service on the 789 kilometre route from Paris to
Marseille in May, 2000, Air France cut round-trip fares on the route to as little as(US)$70, vs(US)$84 for a secondclass round-trip ticket on the TGV. Other airlines simply gave up. When Germany introduced its high-speed ICE trains in 1991, Lufthansa closed its Hanover-to-Frankfurt route. Air France
has discontinued flights from Paris to Brussels.
It seems ironic that the speed of our oldest mechanical mode of travel, the
railways, now seriously threatens the airways which long ruled the roost as the fastest way for travellers. But like the modern jet planes, TGVs may have to overcome the formidible acoustical
problems which dogged another engi neering marvel, the Anglo-French Con corde. It too once faced severe restric
tions on its point-to-point journeys be cause of noise problems. Unlike the Concorde, whose eco
from Aries, Aix-en-Provence and the
nomic performance never matched its supersonic status, the TGVs have been wildly successful. But perhaps, too, the
Riviera sometimes arrive late because
TGV now has its own sound barrier to
TGVs have priority.
overcome. â?–
sion. Traditional commuter services
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Reader Feedback
Environmental Science
& Engineering Editor & Publisher
TOM DAVEY
E-mail: tom@esemag.com Managing Editor SANDRA DAVEY Sales Director
PENNY DAVEY
E-mail: p8nny@esemag.com
Sales Representative DENISE SIMPSON E-mail: denlse@esemag.oom Circulation Manager VIRGINIA MEYER Publisher's Assistant
KATHLEEN CARIGNAN
E-mail: kathy@esemag.com President
STEVE DAVEY
E-mail: steve@esemag.com
Technical Advisory Board Jim Bishop
Dear Mr. Davey: It was a pleasure to meet you at the Pottageville meeting on pesticide spray ing and other environmental issues. I was interested in discussing the con cept of LBE (Low Bid Ethos - the Di rectory issue of ES&E) with you as it relates to the choice of sewage servic ing in King City. I would love to point out your edito rial when we have our next committee
meeting. Thank you for your time and input. Leah Werry, MA, Councillor, Ward 4,
King Township, Ontario
Alan Church, C.Chem., QEP.
Church & Trought Inc. George V. Crawford, P.Eng., M.A.Sc. CH2M HILL Canada Limited Dr. Howard D. Goodfeliow
Stantec Global Technologies Ltd.
Dear Tom, Re: June 2001 issue.
The best issue yet. Keep up the good work.
Ronald F. Frank, Cable Engineering Consultants Inc., London, Ontario
Rod Holme, P.Eng. Earth Tech Canada Inc.
Barry Loescher, Ph.D. Philip Analytical
Ref.: Pulp and Paper Industry FocusBrazil's Amazon Rain Forest Still
Shrinking
While I agree that the deforestation of Brazil's Amazon rain forest is an impor tant issue, I fail to understand why your
publication has placed this article under the heading of "Pulp and Paper Indus try Focus". To my knowledge, none of the wood fibre from the Amazon rainforest is used
for the commercial production of pulp and paper products in Brazil. Further more,the properties of this fibre are not suitable for pulp and paper products. In fact, Brazil has some of the most ad
Beak International Inc.
Bill Boriase, P.Eng. City of Winnipeg
Dear Sir:
vanced plantation programs in the world which grow more suitable wood species. Most of these plantations are located south of the Amazon region which is where the vast majority of the pulp and paper manufacturing industry is situated. Joe Boyko, NEK Consultants Inc., Vancouver, BC
Dear Tom,
wastewater plant operators and contractors.
Love your magazine. Looking forward Dear Tom, to catching up on the latest environmen I have missed reading your magazine tal news and technologies. since I retired. Chris Bullock, Wayne Manley, Western BioResources Consulting Ltd., Peterborough, Ontario Castlegar, BC (Mr. Manley is a retired WTP Superin tendent, now involved in Operator Greetings! Training) I received a September issue of ES&E this morning. My attention was drawn Dear Tom, immediately to the contention in the Edi Never get tired of your outlook on the torial Comment that "there have been lethal Cryptosporidiurn outbreaks in world - love your comments.
Information contained In ESSE has been compiled
Oxford, England and Sydney, Aus
Peter Laughton, M.Eng., P.Eng., DEE R.V. Anderson Associates
Stanley Mason, P.Eng.
Environmental Science & Engineering Is a bi monthly business publication of Environmental Science & Engineering Publications Inc. An all Canadian publication, ES&E provides authoritative editorial coverage of Canada's municipal and Industrial environmental control systems and drinking water treatment and distribution. Readers include consulting engineers, industrial plant managers and engineers, key provincial and federal environmental officials, water and
Dick Coulter(USA)
from sources believed to be correct. ES&E cannot
be responsible for the accuracy of articles or other editorial matter. Although the information contained In this magazine is believed to be correct, no responsibility Is assumed. Articles In this magazine are Intended to provide information rather than give legal or other professional advice. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada, through the Canada Magazine Fund, toward our editorial costs. Canadian Publications Mali Sales Second Class Mall
Product Agreement No. 181897 Registration No. 7750 Printed in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without written per mission of the publisher. Yearly subscription rates: Canada $45.00 for one year(plus $3.15 GST). USA $45.00(US)for one year. All advertising space orders, copy, artwork, film, proofs, etc., should be sent to: Environmental Science & Engineering,220 Industrial Pkwy. S., Unit 30, Aurora, Ontario, Canada, L4G 3V6,
Tel: (905)727-4666, Fax; (905) 841-7271, Web site: www.esemag.com
tralia".
Yes,there were allegations of an out break in Sydney, and a massive panic response, but as I recall from subsequent reports-notably in AWWA publications - it was not proven. Apparently, epide miologists could find no evidence in the water consuming population of such an outbreak. It has been reported that in all probability, the whole affair was the result of a lab which misidentified the
species of micro-organism found in the water. In this circumstance, it is inap propriate to compare Sydney with
Tom:
A voice (or more correctly, the written word)from the past. I didn't get a chance to chat at the last OWWA Conference
but it was good to see you there. I look forward avidly to your ES&E magazine and especially your often irreverent, but still environmentally pointed/focused, columns. Don't change-as if you could or would!
Ken Roberts,Ph.D.,P.Eng.
Milwaukee and Oxford.
None of this undermines the conten
tions made in the Editorial, because we
are all aware of the many other instances where outbreaks, illness and fatalities did occur.
Regards, W.H.(Bill) Brant,P.Eng., Director, CWWA & WCWWA
Dear Sir:
I would like to receive your magazine on a regular basis. I love reading Environmental Science & Engineering. The articles are well written, timely and very informative. Abhay D. Tadwalkar,P.Eng., Senior Engineer,Toronto Water Supply
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
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Engineered for life
September 11, 2001
Coping with the environmental aftermath of the World Trade Center disaster
Theter orist at ack on the Twin
Towers of the World Trade
Center on September II, is still reverberating around the
tire Trade Center area will require site remediation on a previously unimagina ble scale. In addition to the complexi ties of residual chemicals and toxic com
firefighters growing with every revela tion. Their bravery and persistence in this unprecedented high-rise fire matches that of the most ferocious military en counters. The New York police and other US agencies also seemed to have re sponded with commendable ability. There is a cruel irony in the name of
pounds emitted by the disaster, the large loss of human life poses new ethical problems. Structural engineering teams from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, on request from the City of New York, surveyed buildings and structures near the World Trade Center so the City could assure the safety of search, rescue and debris removal operations in and around
the Staten Island site called 'Fresh Kills'
the affected areas.
landfill, which was reopened to take in
At the request of the Federal Emer gency Management Agency, the Corps
world with admiration for the New York
the massive amounts of debris. The en
dredged the Hudson River to allow the city better access in removing debris to the Staten Island landfill. Under a(US) $790,500 contract with the Corps, which
lowered the depth between Pier 6 and a navigation channel, an estimated 75,000 cubic yards of material were removed and transported to the Newark Bay Con fined Disposal Facility. The Environmental Protection
Agency brought 10 specialized trucks into lower Manhattan, equipped with highly efficient air filters capable ofcap turing particulate matter including as bestos fibres. Each truck had a (US) 3,000 gallon capacity to help clear streets, vehicles and buildings of poten tially hazardous dust. Dust and other materials are collected in air tight stor age containers which are part ofthe truck design. The collected material is off loaded at two city transfer stations, clas sified and disposed of according to law. Even cleaning up undamaged offices and apartments in the area became a mammoth undertaking. As this is being written, the formidable task of site
remediation continues. In the gaping void that was the World Trade Center,
broken water and sewer pipes lie like sev ered veins and arteries, posing an un matched restoration problem for water services. A complex web of once sophis ticated telephone and computer process ing conduits - in a concentrated area un equalled anywhere-now lie severed like the residual nerve endings of a once mighty and viable commercial organism. But this is America. New York fal
The most famous skyline in the world before the attack. Now broken water and sewer pipes lie like severed veins and arteries, posing site remediation problems unmatched In both scale and sensitivity. 10
tered briefly after the saboteurs deliv ered their deadly blows, before its fa bled emergency systems moved in to quell the fires, save lives, tend to the injured and begin the massive tasks of restoring services and site remediation. No one who saw the response teams in action can doubt that neither city nor country will falter in the task. Canadians began their participation with American colleagues at WEFTEC 2001, October 13, in Atlanta, Georgia, barely a month after the catastrophe. ES&E staff were on hand to express their support for an organization that has served the public with life saving tech nology, research and engineering for decades. Tom Davey
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
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Consultants' Forum
Consulting challenges and opportunities are emerging In the new millennium
Norm Muggins
Bill De Angeiis
Jim Bishop
Nicholas Sonntag
The new millennium has already brought dramatic challenges to the consulting engineering profession. We invited leading figures to express their views and concerns about the profession. According to the Guardian Weekly, one of the most respected newspapers in the world, Fortune magazine estimates the global water and sanitation market is a(US) $405 billion a year industry, which is some 40 percent of the size of the oil sector, and one third larger than the pharmaceuticals market. Fortune states that "water is the best investment sector of the century." The true value of water, however, transcends all economic criteria in the prevention of disease and the maintenance of life itself on planet earth. Tom Davey
John Fisher
Robert Leech
Eric MacDonaid
Don Pinchin
Consultant or Consulting Engineerdo we have an Identity crisis?
Taketime to think of the skil s
and the effort that have gone
into the homes we live in, the
roads and bridges we travel on for work, pleasure and emergencies. Does anyone ask; "How does that water magically and continuously ap pear?" Then, "Where does it go after use?" Does the public have any idea of the training, skills and, yes, the legal re sponsibilities that consulting engineers provide daily? Regrettably, the answer is no.
Historically, consulting engineers have had a role in the planning, design, construction and commissioning of our 14
products, along with the portability of their constantly developing skills, gives added value to clients' in-place staff. VP, CH2M HILL Canada Limited Many civic leaders, regrettably, are una ware of the hidden cost of many lost public environmental infrastructure. opportunities to their communities when Indeed, consulting engineers have been they do not award contracts based on the catalysts in securing society's infra engineering experience, which in turn, structure needs now and for the future. is based on total life cycle benefits. Consulting engineers are able to concen The technical challenges of consult trate their particular disciplinary skills ing engineers have never been greater and experience to ensure cost-effective than they are today and for the foresee designs that, over the life cycle of able future. Projects to reduce traffic projects, are remarkably economical. gridlock with its attendant and everExperience gained by consulting en increasing air pollution, safe drinking gineers on diverse types of projects and water and water resources management. By Norm Muggins, P.Eng., Chair, Consulting Engineers of Ontario,
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Consultants' Forum
are all linked to society's goals of sus tainable growth which challenge con sulting engineers daily. The Walkertons,
tioners i n other fields that are far re
the North Battlefords and the economic
• Consulting engineers should raise the profile of the industry by separating con sulting engineering from generalized use
recovery from the World Trade Center and Washington, DC, tragedies of Sep tember 11, further highlight these chal lenges. Emerging problems of consulting engineers are at a critical level. Our pro fession is confronted with an aging ex perience base that is not being replen ished at a rate that will match the chal
moved from the engineering disciplines. How do we turn this trend around?
raise the profile of consulting engineer ing careers in the career choice years of our young people. • Clients and consulting engineers should alert the media to the successes
of consulting engineering and so rein force the partnering successes between the community and our industry. Finally, we should all celebrate the innovation and foresight of those who have built the consulting engineering industry to what it is today and prepared us for a strong industry tomorrow. ❖
of the word consultant.
• Clients should adopt and encourage qualifications-based consulting engi neers selection policies with price cri teria replaced by value criteria. • Both clients and consulting engineers should develop grass roots programs to
lenges of the future. Ironically, it will be clients and communities that will suffer down the road if the decline of
Environmental Consulting Services
the engineering disciplines continues.
Emerging problems of consulting engineers are at a critical level. Our
profession is confronted with an aging experience base that is not being replenished at a rate that will match the challenges of the future. The shortage of new recruits, particu larly civil engineering candidates, to consulting engineering, is a subject of continuing debate. The obvious culprit is a competitive climate that is too often based on initial low prices instead of the quality of engineering. In addition to cut-throat competition and higher pay in other engineering sec tors, we face many other misconcep tions. The current use of the phrase con sultant often conjures up a false image in the public's mind of high cost serv ices which yield few tangible benefits to the public. Consulting engineers, through the classification of their serv ices, are wrongfully cast into groups oth
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erwise referred to as consultants. A
widespread misconception of consulting engineering is the root cause of a de clining skills resource. Recent Toronto newspaper headlines on an auditor's report on municipal spending on "consultants' fees" high lighted the public's wrong perceptions of the intrinsic worth of consulting en gineering. Regrettably, the misconcep tions created by these reports were not based on consulting engineers but rather they were critical of a variety of practi-
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15
Consultants' Forum
Evolution of hybrid consulting engineers
The days of the traditional, single focused consulting engineering firm are waning in North America. Many cli ents are now demanding a range of en gineering skills from their service pro viders. Market forces are driving this change. Competition generated by mul tiple consultants in a limited market place continues to generate bidding wars between professional firms to secure projects,in the name of lowest price(but not necessarily best value) to clients. Downsizing in municipal bureaucra cies has reduced the ability of many to plan, design, tender, and administer new and expansion projects in the environ mental industry. Key staff in all envi ronmental sectors have retired, leaving many potential clients with gaping ex pertise holes they have little chance to fill, requiring external hiring or contract ing of engineering expertise. Shedding of liability is a hallmark of client behav iour in these times. Minimizing risk is a very attractive proposition in both the public and private sectors today. How do consulting firms operate efficiently and cost-effectively in today's market place? We either stay very small and attack a niche market(such as soft ware programming),or change the way we do business. Size matters when it
comes to setting a business strategy in the consulting engineering sector. Many clients like the perceived stability of a
Bill De Angelis, P.Eng., MBA Director ofEngineering,
or "virtual teams" with other consulting professionals, combining resources and skill sets to improve competitiveness
Azurix North America
and attractiveness. In fact,some clients
Engineering Corp.
insist on teaming arrangements because they recognize that no one firm may have all required disciplines or strengths for a particular project. Flexibility in project delivery meth ods and mechanisms improves the suc cess or "hit" rate on jobs, using conven tional versus design/build approaches. Again, any mechanism the client can employ to reduce cost to owners or rate payers is worth investigating. Open-mindedness,flexibility and re sponse time are key to success in the operation of our businesses. This con cept is currently being applied by many
large firm. Therein lies the paradox: to get work, you need to be large, but it's easier to be profitable when you are small.
Competitiveness in consulting is di rectly proportional to the competence of your team,and inversely proportional to overhead cost burdens. Continued prof itability requires close attention to both. One approach to maintaining competi tiveness and profitability is to diversify revenue streams, accumulating income from several sources while spreading the risks associated with bidding and man aging projects. This is accomplished by adding business lines to the firm's port folio that may be quite different from the status quo. New Age consultants are not necessarily constrained by the old paradigms of consulting engineers. Another approach is through the use of vertical integration within the com pany structures, allowing the engineer ing function to provide professional ex pertise to other business lines, while continuing to seek third party work. Those lines could include Operations, Design/Build, Project Management,
firms south of our border. US firms are
more and more often being seen on bid ders lists for Ontario projects, and some of our traditional client base is actively soliciting US firm participation in engi neering projects in our province. If we are going to continue to suc cessfully compete for work locally, we have no choice but to evolve into multi
Finance, Construction, and others. The
ple service providers. The work is out there. Our engineers can compete with anyone in the world. However, all the skills in the world are no good if they cannot be put to good use. Much as many of us hate to admit it, we need to change the way we do business if we
hybrid consultant enters into alliances
are to continue to flourish. ❖
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A leading environmental planning, engineering and project management firm Delcan's Environmental Division brings a globalperspective to environmental projects from environmental
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systems for the Walkerton Inquiry and the new National Sustainable MunicipalInfrastructure Guide. Contact; Doug Langley, Vice President, Environmental Division, 133Wynford Dr., Toronto, ON M3C 1K1 (416) 441-4111 Visit our web site at www.delcan.com
16
For more information, circle reply card No. 109 (See page 25)
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
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For more information, circle reply card No. 110 (See page 25)
Consultants' Forum
Groundwater challenges also pose new opportunities
After years in the doldrums,
By Robert E.J. Leech, B.Sc., M.Eng.Sc., Chairman,
with most hydrogeologists migrating (pun intended) to
Gartner Lee Limited
the contaminant side of the
business, the pendulum is now swing ing back to the more interesting and fun damental supply side of our science. Cries from hydrogeologists about the need for all levels of government to get engaged in understanding this vital re source better, have fallen on deaf ears.
The Walkerton water tragedy focussed attention on the importance of groundwater. It is now up to the groundwater industry to show leadership, or once again fall into neglect and decades of inactivity. Over three million people in Canada rely upon groundwater for their daily needs as do a significant number of in dustries. Groundwater very definitely is big business, but it is not treated as such and it receives very little attention and almost insignificant funding. In the
past, groundwater supplies in this water wealthy nation were developed by sim ply drilling a hole in the ground and pumping to see if it met the demand. If the demand grew over a period of time, further wells would be drilled in almost
the same place. All of this went on with out a proper understanding of the aqui fer's potential or an understanding of the resource management issues and asso ciated environmental impacts. We are now beginning to understand the issues that poor groundwater man agement creates: reduction of stream baseflow, drying up of wetlands, inter ference with other groundwater uses, induced contamination from various land
uses, and deteriorating water quality. The groundwater industry should now focus on introducing sound scien
R. J. Burnside & Associates Limited is an experienced engineering and consulting firm with over 150 full-time
tific methodologies to understand the re source. This will require a significant amount of investment, time and money to complete. The groundwater industry is ready and willing to invest the time, but are the governments (the owners) prepared to invest the money? They will cry poverty, but I argue the money is there. Now is the time for governments to go to full-cost recovery on pricing water. The cost of water on average in Canada is about $0.60/m\ which is well
below half the price paid by most Euro pean countries. With the current public attention on water issues, the time is right to implement full-cost recovery mecha nisms. This will allow municipalities to properly fund the science and engineer ing studies to manage the resource in a sustainable and efficient manner.
Another area where govemments can contribute to water resource manage ment is the introduction of full meter
ing for municipal systems. Studies in
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Consultants' Forum
The Tow/n of New Tecumseth is planning to decommission the McKelvey and Spring
Canada have clearly demonstrated that metering leads to significantly lower consumption. This is voluntary conser vation by members of the public. Export of water is a lightning rod for nationalists and environmentalists alike. This is an issue where politics have relied upon emotion and not science. We need to apply sci ence and economics to this issue to understand our water resources and to delineate whether there are resources avail
able for export from a sustainable perspective. By way of example, over the past few years several water export ini tiatives have been brought forward; Gisborne Lake in New foundland, the Nova Group in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and Snowcap Waters Ltd. in British Columbia. Each of these initiatives has created controversy and all have been rejected by various Jurisdictions. These initia tives are proposing to export bulk water by tanker, and bot
Water Treatment Plants located in the
community of Beeton, Ontario. A general list of the process equipment that the Town plans to sell to interested buyers includes: McKelvey WTP: • Two Reactivator-clarifier tanks (Ecodyne)(6.8 m dia.) • Two Monoscour automatic filter tanks (Graver)(3 m dia.) • Lime feeder system silo (O'Connor tanks) (3.7 m dia., 12 m high) • Sodium chlorite tank (Fibergloss Design Plastic Co.) (2.4 m dia.) • Air stripper tank (1.5 m dia.,6.5 m high)and two fans(Fabco) • Degassifier tank / methane burner (Heetco) • Pre-contact tank (3 m dia.) • Various chemical storage tanks, chemical pumps, valves, and flow meters.
Spring WTP:
tled water in the case of Gisborne Lake. The total volume
•
of water would be less than 3% of Ontario's consumptive use from the Great Lakes. Is it not our duty to help support those less fortunate, particularly if it can be done in a sound envi ronmental fashion and a strong business case can be made? The water industry, and groundwater in particular, has sig nificant challenges ahead. It is clear now, following several public health incidents, that the public will is there to support increased investment into our water supplies. The big question is: are our governments up to the chal lenge? The money is available simply through proper pric ing of water. The next few years could see a resurgence of the water industry and the return of our municipal systems to ones that deliver some of the best water quality in the world.
• Ferric chloride tank (3.5 m dia.) • Two lift pumps • Two sludge pumps
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For more information, circie reply card No. 114 (See page 25)
19
Consultants' Forum
Environmental consulting after September 11, 2001
Aswe moved from the 20th to
the 21st century, there was a general air of guarded op
By Jim Bishop, President, Beak International Incorporated
timism in the environmental
consulting sector. One could read arti cles in this very magazine about the changes in the consulting engineering industry, about the benefits of consoli dation and the resulting improvement due to multidimensionism and fuller
servicing, and how all this might ward off the bete noire of the consulting fra ternity - the "low bid ethos". Then along came September 11, 2001, with its still unbelievable violence
and a lingering legacy of shock, disbe lief, fear and paranoia. Continuing threats of more doomed aircraft and horrors like anthrax in the hands of ma
niacs are reported almost gleefully by our media, who have seldom had such a
run of good/bad news. The events of September 11 are likely
ening of the need for all nations, reli gions, races - in short, all normal peo ple - to pull together and act as one, which is basically what happened one month after the terrorist attacks.
Experienced investment advisors point out that similar downturns caused by war,revolt, and other events typically rebound after a lag time of 3-6 quarters, and it is expected that the overall economy will recover as it has in the past. The very nature of the environ mental consulting sector means we may be somewhat buffered from the imme
sulting sector, engineer and scientist
diate downturn,experience a slowdown over the next year, then slowly recover
I believe that the environmental con
alike, must now maintain or return to a
as the rebound occurs.
lean and mean operating approach. The difficulty with this approach lies in the definition of lean and mean. Companies
after the events of September 11, the consulting industry will cleave to the
must take care that lean doesn't become
traits that have characterized it from the
gaunt and that mean doesn't imply petti ness, miserliness and poor quality. Nobody can predict exactly what will happen with Canada's economy, or the world economy, following September 11, but according to most economists,
beginning, and which have sustained it through the political and financial up heavals of the 1990s and through the ongoing fallout from Walkerton.
As we become accustomed to life
As the international business com
munity gradually sets its new course,
the attacks came at a time when the
these traits have been and remain our
templates for success: quality, value and integrity. It is the everyday sustenance
able national introversion will eventu
US economy was already shaky, and now there will be'downward pressures' on business activity for the next few
ally be supplemented by a gradual awak-
quarters.
to result in a certain amount of interna
tional "bunkering", but this understand
Acres &
Assockte5
A
Frank Dolling, P.Eng. Senior Project Manager Water Division
of our sector to work hand-in-hand with
Continued on page 21
Acres & Associated Environmental Limited (A&A) is a multi-disciplinary consulting engi neering firm which provides a full range of environmental and management services from our offices in Toronto and Niagara Falls. A&A is supported by a combined staff of more than 1,000 from its affiliated companies-Acres International Limited and As.sociated Engineering Group. Bill Chisholm, President of A&A,is pleased to announce that the following staff members have recently joined our Toronto office.
Patrick Fritz
Jo-Anne Lane
Senior Project Manager Electrical, Instrumentation &
Environmental Scientist/
Aquatic Biologist - Environ
Wendell Thiessen, P.Eng. Senior Electrical Engineer Electrical, Instrumentation &
Frank is a senior Civil Engineer who brings to A&A over 35 years of experience in project manage ment,engineering design and con
Controls Division
mental Assessment Division
Controls Division
Patrick will be responsible for the operation of our Electrical, Instru
Jo-Anne will contribute to A&A's
capabilities in environmental as
mentation and Controls Division.
sessments, water management
tract administration services. He
He obtained his Bachelor of
plans and aquatic biology studies.
has been involved in industrial,
Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Witwatersrand (WITS), Johannesburg in 1988. Patrick's 13 years of expe rience provides him with a back ground covering all phases of project management, construction and commissioning, as well as
She received her Bachelor of Sci
Wendell will provide engineering services in all phases of power dis tribution design,including lighting design, power distribution layouts and the development of motor con
mining and transportation projects, while specializing in water supply and treatment. He holds a Bach
elor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering which he received from the University of Glasgow in 1964. Frank previously worked for a water authority in the UK and a number of engineering consulting firms in both the UK and Canada.
electrical, instrumentation and me
chanical design. He has been in volved in industrial, water and
wastewater projects throughout his career.
20
ence Degree in Biology from the University of Saskatchewan in
trol schematics. He obtained his
1980 and her Masters of Science
Engineering from the University of Saskatchewan in 1987 - special izing in power and computers. Wendell has 13 years experience in the consulting field and is expe rienced in all phases of project ex ecution - from preliminary stud ies to construction supervision.
from the University ofBCin 1983, specializing in Aquaculture and Fish Nutrition. She has completed numerous environmental assess
ments and impact studies, as well as subwatershed studies, transpor tation EA's, aquatic habitat resto ration plans and master environ mental servicing plans.
Bachelor of Science in Electrical
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Consultants' Forum
The dynamics of environmental consulting
Ifthe experts are coirect and we are
indeed heading into a recession, the dynamics of environmental consulting could change signifi cantly. Whilst many consultants have expe rienced unprecedented growth over the past two or three years, we have also witnessed the birth and growth of many environmental consulting firms. This has led, in its turn, to an unprecedented de mand for new graduates from environ mental courses. However,the potential
Continuedfrom page 20 companies, agencies, and professionals who obviously understand and respect these very same principles; it is up to us to maintain and reconfirm these values in all the work we do.
The simple fact of the matter is that consultants who are seen to maintain
quality, value and integrity will build trust with their clients, and trust gener ates confidence. And ifthere is one thing our collective economy needs right now, it is confidence. â?&#x2013;
John C. Fisher
Chief Operating Officer T. Harris Environmental
Management Inc.
now exists for a slowing of the economy, which may lead to a weakening in de
see a tendency for marginally trained technicians receiving compensation packages that do not reflect their experi ence or knowledge base. The slowdown in proliferation of new consulting firms that have been estab lished should lead to cost stability for our
mand for environmental consultants and,
clients. In addition, clients will be able
thus, newly graduated employees. On a positive note, a weakening economy may lead to a sense of stabil
to properly assess the qualifications, ca pabilities and professionalism not only
ity in the environmental consulting pro fession. Over the past few years there has been a tremendous amount of per sonnel turnover as some employees have exploited the vulnerability of their em ployers' needs for experienced staff by looking for other potential employment. This is attributable partly to corporate raiding by other consulting firms offer ing various opportunities. While it is natural to experience move ment of personnel in a strong economy, this can lead to higher consulting fees because demand for labour increases la
bour costs which is the most significant component of consulting fees. We also
of these new firms, but also established
firms who have experienced considerable change due to the factors noted above. The ability of the client to be able to thoroughly analyze a consultant's quali fications should alleviate some of the
frustration that these clients may be fac ing or have faced in the past. These in clude, but are not limited to choosing consultants with little history because established consultants were too busy to accept new projects or commitments. It has been our continuing experience that close and continuous communica
tion with clients is imperative if a strong relationship is to develop, especially during a recession. â?&#x2013;
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We've pioneered many of the technologies used to manage Âť the availability, quality, and control of water-our most
important natural resource. Millions of Canadians are now ^ served by water treatment facilities and supply infrastructure designed or upgraded by our company.
The Town ofParry Sound, Ontario, opened its new water treatment plant in August 2001. The facility was designed by CH2M HILL Canada to use cost-effective, uitrafiitration
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Environmental Science & Engineering, November 200!
For more information, circle reply card No. 115 (See page 25)
21
Consultants' Forum
Is sustainablllty the new challenge to consulting engineers ?
Today,the engineering commu
nity faces the fundamental challenge of helping society to achieve sustainable develop ment, which involves balancing social, environmental and economic needs dur
ing the development process. Our takemake-waste model that draws freely on energy, materials, and ecological re sources, under the assumption that they are limitless, must be changed. Engineers have helped to perpetuate this model by directing their efforts to ward finding cheaper ways to extract more resources, rather than on ways to recycle or use less. Inner cities with their existing infrastructures are left to decay, while we claim more open lands and add to our sprawl. We have figured out ways to access more of our limited water re
sources, rather than finding ways to use less, or recycle what we have. Conversely, sustainable development is about finding new ways to deliver essential services to the public and to do business. It demands change: doing more with less, new technologies and manufacturing processes, more use of recyclable materials, and the develop ment of regenerative or recyclable out put components.
In our experience, sustainable engi neering solutions can provide economic, social and environmental benefits for
clients and their communities. They can even help companies realize competi tive advantages in the marketplace, since
(D
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Canadian Environmental Auditing Association
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Lotowater ltd.
-n
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need to work in a collaborative and con
sultative environment to effectively lead the way into a new kind of industrial age. To do so, we must become part of the broader decision and policy-making processes that affect us. • Teach others about the problems with our current production-consumption model. To reset our course toward sustainability, we need to de velop simple messages that explain the rationale behind sustainable develop ment and the need for action. We also need to learn more about the
impending problems of non-sustainable behaviour and technologies needed to solve them. Ibelieve that engineers are uniquely positioned to take action in these areas. They possess not only the predictive tools to see impending envi ronmental problems, but also the tech nological tools and creativity to solve them. ❖
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an approach that embraces sustainability offers a way to capture new markets and financing opportunities. The sustainable development concept is steadily gaining acceptance and traction in the business world, with more and more companies around the world recognizing that it's the wave of the future. But progress has been slower than many of us would like, and perhaps slower than it needs to be. Because of their role in designing, planning, managing and building infra structure, products and technologies, and in solving environmental problems, consulting engineers can - and must play a critical role in the development of the future. To be agents of change and leaders in the quest for sustainable development, they need to: • Develop a strong business case for sustainable development. For the most part, sustainable development is cur rently portrayed as a noble cause with out much practical application. Corpo rate CEOs, faced with increasing com petition, cost pressures and a rapidly changing business environment, need solid proof that becoming sustainable will help their companies survive and be profitable. • Develop technologies that foster sus tainable growth, while maintaining and enhancing quality of life. Sustain able development poses a string of de-
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Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
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For more information, circle reply card No. 117(See page 25)
Consultants' Forum
New engineering trends are emerging
Foreseeing the future of any industry is always
fraught with peril. Forecasters of a 20,000 point Dow Jones index of a year ago are now silent in light of the dot.com and fibre optic meltdown.
Rather than concentrate on the business issues involved in
the engineering profession this article will concentrate on three specific growth areas of engineering: environmental building issues - primarily mould; odour and air emission from industrial sites and farm operations; and pollution pre vention programs. Mould and other building contaminants have replaced asbestos in newspaper headlines on environmental/health and safety issues. Whether this development is caused by improved sealing of buildings,or energy conservation meas ures, or an increasing sensitivity to indoor moulds (due to greater time spent indoors, changes in diet or an increas ingly sensitive population)or whether this is an issue which has always been with us but now is more widely publicized, is unclear and largely irrelevant. Originating in the US, concerns over indoor mould growth spread to Atlantic Canada and more recently in On tario and Western Canada. Growth of a variety of moulds can occur in buildings whenever water leakage occurs. De tection, remediation and particularly building alteration to prevent future leakage are the major areas of work, which involves the engineering profession. Much publicity initially centered on school portables.
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By Dr. Don Pinchin, President, Pinchin Environmental Ltd.
Large-scale mould remediation projects in high rise office and residential towers are occurring without fanfare and are a more interesting market. The concern over mould is a double-edged sword. The underlying causes of water leakage or condensation, which are necessary for mould growth, often originate in the build ing design or construction. Lawsuits, which usually include architects and engineers, abound in the US and are starting in Canada. Most of these suits are in the early stage but some settlements have occumed. Whether or not readers are in
volved, defence costs and settlements will undoubtedly in crease insurance rates (which were already hardening). The sensitivity of the public to nuisance odours as well as airborne substances hanriful to health is increasing at the same time that zoning changes are allowing intermixing of resi dential and industrial properties. Brownfield residential de velopment and infilling as well as the construction of hous ing in farming areas contribute to the friction. Odours may or may not be indicative of health risks but certainly can cause extreme aggravation, can render some properties unliveable and affect resale value.
Engineering services to address this market include stack testing, predictive impact modelling, olfactometry, product reformulation, industrial ventilation and pollution abatement systems. With recent changes to provincial modelling stand ards (effects-based standards for odour, soiling and health) public complaints and the knowledge of compliance require ments ai-e increasing. Over the next 5-10 years, a significant amount of engineering input will be needed to bring compa nies and agricultural operations into compliance and reduce complaints. Over the past three years there has been a significant shift of government policy from pollution control to pollu tion prevention. In this context, pollution prevention means the maximum feasible reduction, preferably elimination, of all toxic wastes and National Pollution Release Inventory listed pollutants. The obvious benefits of liability reduction, public profile and health and environmental benefits can of ten be accompanied by reduced operating costs. Recent changes in federal regulation include incorporation of pollu tion prevention provisions in the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.
Pollution prevention plans are now being implemented at the municipal level in sewer use by-laws. The city of Toronto now requires all sectors to develop a Pollution Pre vention (P2) Plan and Summary Plan. Across the country, the Region of Waterloo has adopted a Business Pollution Prevention (P2) Plan for small and medium size businesses
and the Greater Vancouver Regional District is currently reviewing their sewer use by-law. It is anticipated that all major cities will move towards P2 plans as concerns over contaminants entering their sewage treatment plants in crease. This will lead to a significant increase in the work of auditing professionals, and in the process, reformulation and pollutant removal processes. In summary, specialized firms or firms with a wide cli ent base should consider these as areas of future growth.❖ Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Ad Index
Company
Page
Reader Service No.
ABS Pumps
39
165
AGFA 5 Acres & Associated Env 20 Allmax Professional Solutions. 65 Anthrafiiter 39 Anthratech Western 23
103
Aquabiast
39
167
Azurix 19 CanadianEnvironmental.com .. 62 Can-Am Instruments Card
114 147
178 166 117
Cancoppas
58
121
CCME CEAA CH2M HILL
26 22 21
170 115
Chemtrac Systems
67
153
ClearTech Industries ClearTecti Industries
49 57
136 140
County of Oxford
70
Davis Controls Delcan Denso Diverse Plastic Tanks Donson
67 16 30 44 43
154 109 122 129 127
Eaglebrook
33
125
Ecoflo Ontario EIMCO Process
64 72
150 123
EnvirOzone Technologies Gorman Rupp
28 3
142 102
Greatario
45
131
Green Turtle Technologies
61
185
12-13 48
107 135
Grundfos Canada Harnois Industries
Company
Page
Reader Service No.
International Water Supply ITT Flygt
39 9
168 105
Kee Industrial Products KMK Consultants
28 26
141 251
134
Layfield
47
Lotowater
22
116
Lumidor Safety Products Lumidor Safety Products MakLoc Buildings McGraw-Hiil Ryerson MSU Mississauga
40 63 65 27 24
126 149 176 120 118
OCPA
71
159
ONDEO Degremont ONDEO Degremont Paques ADI
11 69 32
106 157 124
Parkson ProMinent Fiuid Controls R.J. Burnside & Associates Rusmar
68 29 18 62
155 144 112 146
156
Sanitherm Engineering
68
Southam
43
128
STANMECH Technologies Stantec Consuiting Stantec Consulting Stormceptor T. Harris Env. Management
65 18 19 6 15
177 Ill 104 108
Urecon Victaulic Westeel Wolf Email
65 17 47 44
175 110 134 130
ZCL Composites
50
138
2
101
Zenon Environmental
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Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
25
Consultants' Forum
What's changing in our worid of change?
Ourindustry is stil in aconsolidation trend,which
is likely to continue as long as our engineering services are treated as a commodity. Perhaps the trend will eventually slow down, but only when the global firms control the market. Alas, fees may increase to respectable levels! The emergence of the Ontario Society for Professional Engineers(OSPE)as our advocate is both encouraging and a sign that at last our profession is acknowledging that blow ing our own trumpet may be the way to go! Increasingly, the consulting industry is noticing that pur chasing departments are controlling the means of hiring pro fessional engineers. This process is based on a philosophy that buyers wish to view engineering services as a com modity e.g., like buying pencils! In addressing this issue, and through Consulting Engineers of Ontario, our industry is striving to make progress by requesting distinct policies for purchasing engineering services that are separate and different from policies for purchasing commodities. The events of September 11 will undoubtedly have sig nificant impacts at the municipal engineering level. Mu nicipalities need to face the public demands for effective infrastructure protection such as to prevent rather than react to the threat of terrorism. Our water systems must be made as physically secure as modern technology allows, e.g., SCAD A and video-monitoring must be applied not just to
CCME Pollution Prevention Awards
CALL FOR NOMINATIONS
The Canadian Council of Ministers of the
Environment is the principal intergovernmental forum in Canada for discussion and joint action on environmental issues.
Pollution Avoiding or minimizing the creation of Prevention: pollutants and waste, instead of cleaning them up or treating them after they've been produced.
Awards:
operational needs but also to security aspects. Our staff are demanding company support for on-going learning and skills upgrading. This,of course, is being done in part through on-the-job training and,in addition, through internal training sessions on new and changing technology. Staff continue to seek opportunities to attend seminars, night courses and conventions which is to be supported, if our industry wishes to be known as an organization that contin ues to attract and keep the best brains.
The consulting industry is noticing that purchasing departments arc controlling the means of hiring professional engineers....based on a philosophy that buyers wish to view engineering services as a commodity. With regard to our work habits, it is normal nowadays for both the husband and wife to be working and require flexibility in working hours so that they can look after their responsibilities to their families and home. The internet, of course, has made it possible for staff to work in alternative locations and feed their part into the team. This means of communication enables our working conditions to be both efficient and effective, while allowing flexibility to our em ployees. It begs the question, however, are we heading to being a cottage industry, operating and producing from our home offices?
Define Your Success... CCME:
Eric A.D. MacDonald, President, MacViro Consultants Inc.
Recognizing companies and organizations
Today, as in the past, many engineering consulting com panies are owned by their employees,although it is acknowl edged that several of the larger firms are being established as publicly-owned companies. The modus operandi of the two ownership models is becoming evident, with the smaller employee-owned companies demonstrating their ability to be more customer friendly than their big brothers, the publicly-owned companies who need to follow more strin gent corporate policies. This begs the question; Is ; better?
showing leadership and innovation in pollution prevention.
Define your success... apply for a CCME Pollution Prevention Award.
Consultants Limited
Nominations close November 30,2001 Visit www.ccme.ca or call (204) 948-2032 for more information.
CCME
Consulting Engineers, Project Managers, Ecological Planners, Landscape Architects Providing Professional Services Since 1959 Brampton (905)459-4780
Canadian Council of Ministers
of the Environment
26
Le Conseil canadien
Cobalt
des ministres
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de I'environnement
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McGraw-Hill
Ryerson ST0R4GE X\NKS
ABOVEGROUND
BIOSOLIDS ENGINEERING
STORAGE TANKS
Michael J. McForlond
Philip Myers This is the one reference devoted exclusively to Ahoveground Storage Tanks (ASTs); this book assembles the most critical information on the subject in a single convenient volume. The result is on ideal tool for chemical, environmental, and civil engineers, as
well OS management and government personnel and others concerned with the regulatory issues governing ASTs. Section by section, this complete reference thoroughly exomines ond clorifies:•Vorious types of storage media ond their opplications•Fundamentol environmental engineering concerns•Indostriol codes and stondords for ASTs•AST design considerations•The proper construction, fabrication, ond erection of tanks•The oftenconfusing requirements designed to keep ASTs environmentolly sound. At lost, here's a timely, in-depth handbook on ASTs and the new stondords for their mointenonce ond inspection—one thot mokes meeting these mondotes o less forbidding task...and ultimotely helps to render our environment o little more secure.
Biosolids Engineering offers step-by-step help for designing ond monoging o biosolids program. This guide con help you: Engineering •understand the meonings, legol significonce, ond romificoh'ons of the foctors in wostewoter ond biosolids processing thot affect usobility•opply soil chemistry ond physics to finding safe ond oppropriote uses for biosolids•design needed hydraulic, storage, and transport systems •ensure pothogen and vector attraction reduction•moke biosolids engineering o teom effort with agricultural speciolists, mining engineers, woter treotment officlols, ond highwoy, tronsportotion ond timber speciolists•opply sompling and analysis protocols for effectiveness and sofety•increase public owareness of the safety ond volue of biosolids opplicotions and mucb more. Biosolids
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PUMP HANDBOOK THIRDEDmON
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r
Newly revised, and bringing together the resources of infernotionol experts, this job-critical guide is the one and only guide to the design, applicotion, specificotion, purchose, operation, and maintenance of pumps of oil kinds. Covering everything from odvonced seols to basic design poradigms, the Pump Handbook, 3/e takes you through oil the lotest developments in pump technologies. This importont updote, the first in 14 yeors, enables you to keep stote-of-therart reference doto ond resources olwoys of bond.
and Edward Wundram
A definitive guide to mastering Design Build Sfudded with illustrative case histories, this is the first book to cover every legal, technical, and administrative aspect of Design Build. Whether you're o design or construction professional or on owner, this outhoritotive and up-trnlate
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PLASTIC PIPING HANDBOOK VALVE HANDBOOK
Philip L. Skousen
VALVE
This exhoustive reference shows you step-by-step how to design guorter-turn monuol valves, check volves, control valves (including actuotion valves) and smart volves. Scores of sectioned-vlew
drawing, opplicotion photos, and other how-it-works illustrations help demonstrate the latest design. You also get tons of design detail for each valve, volve operating tips, the odvontoges ond disodvontoges of various valve designs, on overview of common design voriotions in the morketplace, ond much more. You even get procticol advice for solving common problems, preventing fugitive emission, calculoting valve life-cycle cost, ond outomoting monuolly operated valves.
David Willoughby The one and only source of knowledge on the plostic pipe industry, and its opplicotion in the liquids ond gos fields. Provides detoiled ond eosy-to-use doto and formulas covering o full range of vitol topics, from pipe selection ond plostic pipe codes ond stondords, to pipeline purging and drying, to leok detection. Features codes ond specs for gos ond water transmission, inspection ond testing procedures, along with plenty of charts, doto sheets, ond tables. The reference of the decode on o subject too long neglected, this indispensoble book is finally here to moke work flow more smoothly in your engineering or construction office or site. ISBN: 0-07-135956-7 * 750 Pages * 30 lllus. * Hardcover * 5157.95
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Secure On-line Ordering Available at www.mcgrav/hill.ca For more information, circle reply card No. 120(See page 25)
PSC 0140
Water Conservation
New urinal eliminates need for water lines
Water conservation in Canada is now get ing
Cross-section of Eco Trap®
the attention it deserves. Concerns over avail
ability, costs associated with the treatment and supply of water and rising costs and budget cuts to the end user, are forcing facility managers to take a closer look at water. This drive to conserve has inspired an ingenious product that eliminates the need for water. The Waterless No-Flush'"^ urinal is that product. Introduced to the US market ten years ago in 1991 by the Waterless Company'-'-'^ of Del Mar,California, these uri nals represent the next generation of environmentally friendly plumbing fixtures, without compromising function ality or hygiene. This CSA listed product is now being produced in Canada and is available through Water Matrix Inc. of Woodbridge,
X-Traptor Access Slots y
EcoTrap® BiueSeai®
Urine
To Drain
Ontario. It has won several awards since its introduction. The urinal looks like a conventional urinal. It installs
easily to the existing 2" drain line connections and, in new construction, added savings can be realized with the elimi nation of the water supply lines. The key to the success of this product is the patented
EcoTrap® system. The internal EcoTrap contains BlueSeal®, By Sean Kimmons, Conservation Technologies, Water Matrix Inc.
an immiscible liquid which is lighter than urine. Once the urine flows from the urinal through this liquid barrier in the trap, it is completely closed off from the restroom atmos phere, thereby eliminating the urine odour. Since the BlueSeal liquid has a pleasant fragrance, it also eliminates the need for deodorizers.
For more information,
circle reply card No. 143
What are three lasting reasons BNVIROZONE i
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TECHNOLOGIES.
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Drinking Water o Disinfection - Bacteria, Viruses and Pathogens Inactivated (Including - Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Anthrax) o Removal of undesirable colours, odours and tastes
fittings for railings? Corrosion-resistant Even in harsh environments like water and wastewater treatment, 50% lower cost
Compared to installing welded railings. Easy-to-instail These sllp-on structural pipe fit tings require no welding, drilling, threading or bolting. They can be disassembled for maintenance access and reinstalled.
More questions? Call Toil-Free 1-800-851-5181 or visit www.KeeLite.com for answers.
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Kee Industrial Products, Ltd.
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219 Connie Crescent, Unit #9 Concord, Ontario L4K 1L4 Phone: 905-669-1494• Fax: 905-669-4347
Web Site: www.envirozonetechnologies.com www.eo3t.com and www.eot4h2o.com
For more information, circle reply card No. 142 (See page 25)
Fitting Function witti Style^'
For more information, circle reply card No. 141 (See page 25)
UK Report
Ih
New inquiry to be held Into
Cornish water poisoning The British Government is expected to announce its investigation into Britain's worst water-poisoning incident - 13 years after it took place. There will be a new inquiry into how chemicals were dumped into the public water supply in Camelford, north Cornwall, in 1988.
Some fear that the poisoning could have contributed to unusually high rates of Alzheimer's disease in the area.
Campaigners have been calling for a public inquiry since 1988, when water supplies to 20,000 homes were polluted by 20 tonnes of aluminum sulphate dumped in the wrong tank at Lowermoor treatment works, run by what was then South West Water Authority. The water authority was fined $22,000 with $55,000 costs after a 17day trial at Exeter Crown Court in 1991 at which it was convicted of causing a public nuisance by supplying water
ours
which contained amounts of the chemi
cal likely to endanger public health or comfort.
ProMinent Chlorine Controllers
Five years ago, 148 victims accepted out-of-court damages totalling almost $880,000. Settlements ranged from nearly $1,550 to $22,000.
are reagent free and buffer solution free, therefore No Special Protection against corrosive chemicals is needed. No Contest.
Royal Navy spends millions to save dolphins After evidence that the active sonar used
by the Royal Navy's Type 23 frigates was having an adverse, sometimes fatal effect on whales and dolphins, the Brit ish Navy agreed to fund the develop ment of a lower-frequency sonar that could significantly reduce the problem. A contract worth $352 million was
Reagent free chlorination monitoring technology and delivery from the experts in disinfection. PROMINENT SENSORS AND CONTROLLERS offer precise,
state-of-the-art chlorine monitoring and control capabilities,
Š
in free or total chlorine sensor technology. Forget the hassles of handling dangerous chemicals or wearing protection, choose clean and sophisticated sensor control.
awarded to Thomson Marconi Sonar to
develop an active/passive sonar system with a lower frequency for six Type 23 frigates. If the system is successful, the plan is to upgrade the sonar systems on all 16 Type 23 frigates, which would cost a total of $660 million. The first sonar
2087s, as they will be called, will enter service in 2006.
The wildlife experts told the Minis try of Defence that an increasing number of dead whales and dolphins had been washing up close to naval waters. They said that the strong sonars used by the Navy were disrupting the lives of mam mals that relied on sound not only to com municate and travel, but also to feed and to socialize.
Report by Steve Davey
ProMinent Eastern Canada ProMinent Ontario
ProMinent Alberta ProMinent USA
www.prominent.ca
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Tel: (450)663-1905 Tel: (519)836-5692 Tel: (780)450-3246 Tel: (412)787-2484
Fax:(450)663-9194 Fax:(519)836-5226 Fax:(780)450-3046 Fax:(412)787-0704
www.prominent.ee
For more information, circle reply card No. 144 (See page 25)
29
Cover Story
Mass flowmeter chlorine gas measurement at historic water treatment plant
TheR.C.Harris Filtration Plant is an historic land
mark on Toronto's lakefront. Constructed in the
late 1930s, this architectural masterpiece has been declared a National Historic Civil Engineer ing Site. Inside the massive and silent marble halls, a lot of high tech instrumentation is quietly at work ensuring safe drink ing water for the citizens of Toronto. The R.C. Harris plant can provide for up to 950 megalitres per day and supplies 45% of the city's water. Some three years ago, a team was established at R.C. Harris to explore new technologies available to tbe indus try. One of the goals they wanted to achieve was an accu rate and instantaneous measurement of chlorine gas in the post-chlorination stage. Post-chlorination, one of several stages at which chlorine is added to destroy harmful patho gens, immediately follows filtration. An instantaneous measurement of gas flow provides an additional input to the logic of the chemical loop control and adds the possibil ity of remote feed rate monitoring within SCADA. This provides a valuable and instant diagnostic tool to fine-tune and troubleshoot the system. Endress+Hauser Technical Representative, Gord Dalley, suggested that a Promass 63 F Coriolis mass flowmeter with stainless steel tubes might provide such a measurement and, after reviewing alternative designs and specifications, the project team decided to put a Promass 63 on trial. As a result of that trial, a meter was purchased and has been run
ning since 1998. It has been taken out of service once dur ing that time for inspection and absolutely no corrosion or
Photos courtesy Endress+Hauser Canada Ltd.
local display in the main hall, but future plans include a link to future SCADA system upgrades. R.C. Harris has purchased a second meter for sulphur
deterioration was evident.
dioxide measurement and another installation on chlorine
The unit measures volume flow in kg/hr which can be totalized. It is presently connected to a controller with a
gas has been made at the Toronto Island Filtration Plant.
For more information, circle reply card No. 113
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30
For more information, circle reply card No. 122 (See page 25)
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
ment,
Enviro
ring 2002
Complian
The 10th Annual Environmental
Conference/Workshops and Tradeshow Ontario's largest and most cost-effective environmental training opportunity
April 9-10, 2002 To be held at the conference and tradeshow facilities of
The Regal Constellation Hotel 900 Dixon Road, Etobicoke, ON
A unique networking opportunity For nine years, Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine,and Canadian Environmental Regulation and Compliance News have combined to produce the highly successful Environmental Management, Compliance & Engineering Conference & Workshops. The annual event has proved to be of great value to professional people with environmental responsibilities, and those concerned with occupational health and safety issues. Environmental Management, Compliance & Engineering2002w\\\ be held in conjunction with The Ontario Environmental Tradeshow. There are a limited number of booths, so call
now for details on exhibiting.
The Regal Constellation Hotel offers first class conference amenities, ample parking, and convenient access to 427 and 401 highways.
We are proud that each year, many delegates are repeat attendees - a definite vote of confidence in the quality and value of our speakers. In fact, this event has become among the best attended environmental conferences of its kind in Canada.
We hope to see you at Environmental Management, Compliance & Engineering 2002. A 10% early registration discount is available. Please contact us at 1-888-254-8769,(905) 727-4666 or fax:(905) 841-7271 for details.
Call or fax to receive more program details. Special hotel rates have been obtained for both conference and show delegates.
220 Industrial Pkwy. 8., Unit #30, Aurora, Ontario L4G 3V6
Industry Update
Hydro-Quebec and Fabgroups develop innovative sludge processing technology An innovative sludge-treatment process will emerge on the market soon, under an agreement signed recently by HydroQuebec and Fabgroups Technologies of Montreal. Plasma-assisted sludge oxi dation (PASO) is an advanced technol ogy developed by LTEE, HydroQuebec's electrochemical and electro-
technologies laboratory. Hydro-Quebec has licensed Fabgroups Technologies to manufacture and market a rotary kiln equipped with an electric plasma torch. The kiln can be used to process organic sludge from a variety of sources. The project was launched in 1997 at the request of pulp and paper mills that were having trouble disposing of their solid waste. The main industries that can benefit
from this new technology are pulp and paper (primary and secondary sludge),
Paques ADI Inc. brings solid experience and solution-
based results to your unique situation.
Serving customers across
fers an excellent alternative to incinera
more economical than incineration, for
treatment packages. Our technologies range from low-rate to ultra-high-rate anaerobic processes.
offered to provide a complete treatment train.
which consumes less than 100 kWh of
electricity per wet tonne of sludge, of
will be able to reduce their waste vol
rate anaerobic wastewater
Upstream and downstream unit processes are also
is estimated at 2 million tonnes a year for pulp and paper, 1.9 million tonnes for pig manure,and a little over 650,000 tonnes for municipal wastewater. This energy-efficient technology,
ume by 95%. The PASO process is said to be much
Wastewater Treatment Packages
We provide a wide range of customized technologies.
proteins and carbohydrates), wastewater treatment plants, and various other in dustries that produce organic solid waste. The Quebec market for PASO
tion, landfill disposal, or sludge farm ing (spreading on land surfaces). Plants that produce large quantities of sludge
Paques ADI Inc. Paques ADI Inc. is a leader in providing high- and low-
agribusiness (sludge containing fats,
example. Purchase and operation costs for the kiln compare favorably with the average cost of sludge farming or landfill disposal.
Innovative Technology Award presented to
Our staff can readily assess
JWC Environmental
your situation and determine
JWC Environmental received an Inno
a custom solution to meet
vative Technology Award from the
your specific needs.
Water Environment Federation on
With many anaerobicaerobic installations across
North America, chances are
we have helped others solve treatment problems similar to yours.
Canada, USA, and Mexico,
October 16, at WEFTEC 2001. They are the winner in the Solids Handling/ Disposal category for their product "Screenings Washer Monsterâ&#x201E;˘". This is a self-contained hopper-fed system used to effectively handle screenings that have been captured by a bar screen or other screenings removal device. A major benefit of the system is the reduc tion of odorous content in the screen
ings and returning organic material to
A Leader in Wastewater Treatment Paclages
the influent stream.
The Innovative Technology Awards recognize products or services that use For more information:
new ideas, methods, alterations or
RAfi^lES
unique changes from existing systems in four categories: collection systems, instrumentation, process equipment,and solids handling and disposal.
Phone: (506)452-7307 /1-800-561-2831 Fax: (506)452-7308 E-mail: paquesadi(gadi.ca Internet: www.paquesadi.com
Large sewer guidelines published The Institute for Research in Construc tion at the National Research Council
Paques ADI Inc.
of Canada, has announced that the
182 Main St, Unit 6 Salem, NH 03079
1133 Regent St, Suite 300
USA
Canada
Fredericton, NB E3B 3Z2
Guidelines for Condition Assessment and Rehabilitation of Large Sewers, is now published by the NRC/IRC. The price of the document is $25. Call Paulette or Ginette at: I -800-672-
7990 to order (Order # NRCC 45130).
32
For more information, circle reply card No. 124 (See page 25)
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Industry Update
Wet air oxidation system contract awarded in
People's Republic of China
vasive aquatic species, soil erosion, manure management, wetlands,species at risk,federal ecosystem programs, and more.
USFilter's Zimpro Products has been awarded the contract to supply a
Over the past thirty years, the qual ity of the lakes and river has improved
Zimpro® wet air oxidation system to
and the Commissioner credits the fed
Fujian Petrochemical Co., Ltd., a petro chemical refinery in the Fujian Province of the People's Republic of China. Wet oxidation is a liquid phase reac tion in water using dissolved oxygen to oxidize wastewater contaminants. In
treating spent caustic, sulfides and other contaminants are either destroyed or re duced to biodegradable components to allow discharge to a conventional wastewater treatment facility. Fujian Petrochemical is a joint ven ture between the Fujian Provincial Gov ernment and Sinopec. The (US)$3.15 million system will treat refinery spent caustic, a typical application for the tech nology.
eral government and many other organi zations for these past gains. However, she warns that the momentum has
slowed in recent years, and these im provements are now at risk. The Com missioner criticizes the government for
Ferric Sulfate ♦
FerriClear®
phosphoru
♦
Dry Ferric Sulfate
rernoN/av
Odour
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Ferrous Sulfate ♦
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protecting Great Lakes basin
♦
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Acidified Aluminum
sioner of the Environment and Sustain
Sulfate
able Development, Johanne Gelinas, in her annual report. "I am alarmed by the lack of progress and loss of momentum in dealing with the immense pressures facing the basin," she said.
♦
PASS® C ♦
PHAS® ♦
Sixteen million Canadians live in the
basin, which encompasses the lakes and river system and the surrounding land in Ontario and Quebec. The basin is under tremendous and growing environ mental stress due to increasing popula tion, urbanization, industrial and agri cultural activity, and recreational de mands. The Commissioner's report
ronment.
♦
Feds criticized for not
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River
and monitoring systems;for limited use of its powers; and for poor reporting to Parliament and the Canadian public. Contact: www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/envi-
♦
A municipally run lagoon that serves as a dumping point for private companies that pump out residential septic tanks was closed during the summer because it had reached capacity. The Halifax Re gional Municipality had to find an al ternative plan. In the meantime, com panies that clean septic tanks were asked to only service emergency cases.
basins of Canada, warned the Commis
threats;for weakened scientific research
Ferric Chloride Ferrous Chloride
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River
ments and international commitments;
for significant gaps between its commit ments and the funding allocated to meet ing them; for having ill-defined strate gies, unclear roles, and missing action plans to address key environmental
Takeout & Deliverv
Halifax seeks new place to dump sewage
The federal government is not doing enough to protect the environment in the
failing to meet its legislative require
Sodium Aluminate
www.ferricchloride.ca
looks at environmental matters such as
industrial and municipal pollution, con taminated sediments, drinking water, habitat loss, fisheries management, in Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
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For more information, circie repiy card No. 125 (See page 25)
33
Industry Update formation Management as a branch of Centre for Advancement of Trenchless professional land surveying. Geo Technologies, the National Research graphic Information Managers who Council of Canada,Trenchless Technol Experienced individuals in Canada di meet the requirements of the AOLS,and ogy, and the University of Waterloo. rectly involved with geodata or with in achieve professional status, will be eli Two papers on the Standard Installation formation technology related to geog gible to use the Ontario Land Surveyor design method for concrete pipe were raphy and land management(but focus (OLS) and Ontario Land Information presented: ing on geodata) are eligible to apply for Professional (OLIP) designation. •Full scale testing ofconcrete pipe bed designation as a "GIM Professional". Contact the AOLS now,if you are in ding design, E.N.Allouche,S. Wong and On December 27, 1999, Section 23 of terested in the Grandfathering option, M.E. Baumert, University of Western the Regulation 509/99 of the Surveyors Tel; 1-800-268-0718. Ontario; and Act, was set in place to create a two-year • SIDD pipe bedding and Ontario Pro window of opportunity for the experi SIDD design process vincial Standards, J.Q. Zhao and L. enced Geographic Information Manager Daigle, National Research Council presented at UlR 2001 to join the Association of Ontario Land Canada. Conference Surveyors (AOLS) through a "GrandThese two papers were a result of fathering" provision. That window The 2001 Underground Infrastructure research sponsored by the Ontario Con closes on December 27, 2001. Research Conference was held at the crete Pipe Association, based on longOntario Regulation 509/99 was re Four Points Sheraton in Kitchener, On term research conducted in the United quired to accommodate Geographic In tario. The conference was organized by States by the American Concrete Pipe
GIM professional designations opportunity
Association, to demonstrate the Stand
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Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Industry Update
Ontario takes strong action
to reduce SOg in Sudbury air and acid rain in Ontario The Ontario MOE is proposing to order INCO and Falconbridge to drastically improve Sudbury's air quality by reduc ing emissions that also cause acid rain. The ministry will issue Notices of
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Intent to order International Nickel
Company (INCO) Ltd. and Falconbridge Ltd. to: • Reduce allowable sulphur dioxide (SO,) concentrations at ground level from the current 0.5 parts per million (ppm) to 0.34 ppm,(averaged over one hour) by April 1, 2002. A growing amount of scientific information points
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Telephone: 604.293.14! I
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• Reduce total annual legally allowable SO,emissions from their Sudbury-area smelters by 34% by the end of 2006. This reduction will be a significant first step towards achieving Ontario's com
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province's Countdown Acid Rain cap by the year 2015. • Ensure that both companies are more accountable to the Sudbury community. Both INCO and Falconbridge would be required to implement a system to no tify the public of poor air quality days and to report annually and publicly on
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The draft orders were posted on the Environmental Bill of Rights (EBR) Registry for a 60-day public review and comment period. The EBR Registry can be accessed from the ministry's web site at: www.ene.gov.on.ca. After the 6G-day EBR comment period, the ministry will
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CWWA Bulletin
Envirotimental Science & Engineering, November 2001
35
Industry Update
Con Cast Pipe wins 2001 I Infrastructure 1 Environment
DILJjON
Ontario Concrete Award
' Communities
The American Concrete Institute -
1 facilities
Ontario Chapter, and the Cement Asso ciation of Canada,recently awarded Con Cast Pipe the 2001 Ontario Concrete Award in the Precast Concrete Category
COts'SULTlNG
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for Material Development and Innova tion. Con Cast Pipe earned this prestig
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ft
Ottawa
Environmental Audits/Site Assessments
Fractured Rock Hydrogeology Environmental Management and Compliance Hydrogeologic/Performance Assessment Modeling Site Remediation
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Street CON/SPAN Bridge Reconstruc tion in Guelph. This Award is shared with Con Cast's
project team that included CON/SPAN Canada,Totten Sims Hubicki Engineers
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tion, City of Guelph, and Gamsby &
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bined the best options for aesthetics, economy and speed of installation.
••I®
Ontario must recognize limits to growth, says bronto'
V
environmental
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commissioner "There are limits to the growth and de velopment we can place on the land in Ontario beyond which there will be se rious damage to the ecological processes that we depend on for our quality of
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life," said Gord Miller, the Environmen tal Commissioner of Ontario, in his
FULL PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION S SIZING DUST MITES/ MOTH SCALES & ARTHROPOD FRAGMENTS ASBESTOS/LEAD / METALS/SILICA /CHEMISTRY
2000/2001 annual report.
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ruses, and trace contaminants such as CALGARY VANCOUVER WHITEHORSE YELLOWKNIFE
"For professional services in environmental training, due diligence, health and safety, and compliance auditing, give me a call." Lou Locatelli, Principal, Tel:(905) 477-8400 ext. 208 Email: llocatelli@gartnerlee.com Website: www.gartnerlee.com
36
Several of the environmental issues
are essentially land use concerns. Eor example, the regulations that govern spreading sewage sludge and septage from septic tanks and portable toilets onto agricultural land are not founded on the need to protect groundwater. Miller explained. The ECO has received many complaints during the past year about the Ministry of the Environment's lax enforcement of the regulations for spreading these materials, which contain nutrients that contaminate waterways, live pathogens such as bacteria and vi heavy metals. Also covered in the report is the lack of enforcement of Ontario's 3Rs regu lations - to reduce, reuse and recycle in the province's industrial and commer cial sectors. An ECO research project revealed, in fact, that Ontario is lagging behind other provinces in waste diver sion and that large quantities of valu-
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Industry Update able recyclable material such as alumi num are being landfilled. The growing industry of cage aquaculture - growing fish in net cages in the bays of the Great Lakes - was also examined by the EGO during 2000/ 2001. Droppings from the fish and sur plus food fall into the water below the cages, where their decomposition con sumes oxygen and releases damaging nutrients. Commissioner Miller pointed to one cage operation that turned an area of 250 hectares at the bottom of a bay into "a dead zone for higher life". Mr. Miller also called upon the gov ernment to make the Ministry of Edu cation subject to the regulations of the Environmental Bill ofRights(EBR). "I am gravely concerned that at a time when there is a critical need for the peo ple of Ontario to understand complex
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environmental issues, environmental
science and outdoor education programs
are being cancelled throughout the school system." By refusing to prescribe the Ministry of Education under the EBR, Miller said: "We are denying the public the right to participate in deci sions regarding the environmental edu cation of our children. I do not see how
this serves the long-term interests of a
J.L. Richards & Associates Limited
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sustainable environment." Contact: www.eco.on.ca.
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Edmonton testing sewer odour control system Edmonton's sewer gas problems occur
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when the system gets pressurized with
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air under certain conditions. Shallow
sewers drop their sewage into deeper trunk sewers and as they drop and the water falls, it induces air to be pumped into the trunk sewer system. Pressurized ■ air from the trunk sewer system then can't escape back up where the water is coming from so it jets through manhole
MacViro Consultants Inc. 90 Allstate Parkway, Suite 600, Markham, Ontario L3R 6H3 (905)475-7270 * Fax: (905)475-5994 E-Mail: reception@macviro.com Marshall Macklin
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tain neighbourhoods,depending on their proximity to trunk sewer lines. The problem particularly afflicts
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older areas with combined sewers. Af
E-mail: mmm@mmm.ca
ter tracking the complaints, the city has launched a pilot project in Kenilworth
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and Mill Creek. A consultant has sug
gested venting the bad air with giant fans,depressurizing the sewers. Bio-filters, consisting of raised beds of composted, moist wood chips at ground level, would soak up the smell before the air escapes into the atmosphere. The first filter system is planned for con struction in the Fall or early next year.
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CWWA Bulletin
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
37
Industry Update Exceptional People. Exceptional Results. 1
Weather Dancer officially opened Weather Dancer 1, Western Canada's
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tallest wind turbine, was officially opened in October, on the land of the Peigan First Nation. Standing 72 metres high, with a generation capacity of 900 kilowatts. Weather Dancer 1 is a
joint business venture between the Peigan Indian Utility Corporation and EPCOR Power Development Corpora tion.
izoe simcoe EN El GINEERING GROUP LIMITED
Consuming Engineers
segi@simcoe.com
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Weather Dancer i will generate ap proximately 2,960 megawatt hours of eiectricity each year, which could meet the electrical needs of approximately
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a dance performed on the last day of the Sundance (Okaan), a ceremony main tained by traditional Biackfoot, which renews the relationship with the natural world. Contact Jay Shukin, EPCOR, Tei:(780)412-8877.
Summa Enterprises, Place Grllll, 3539 Blvd. St, Charles, #350, Kirkland, QC H9H 5B9 Tel: (514) 591-5748, Fax:(514) 455-3587
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The Ontario government has finalized a regulation which strictly limits emis
sions from fossii-fuei power plants, while also moving to cap air pollution from other major industries. Ontario's stringent new emissions limits for the electricity sector will re duce smog-causing nitrogen oxides by almost 20,000 tonnes a year - as much
as is produced by over one million pas senger cars.
umcr Ontario
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The new eiectricity sector emissions caps will take effect January i, 2002. When fully implemented in 2007, the limits will help Canada meet its com
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mitments under the Ozone Annex and
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Ten year London water contract awarded A 10-year contract to operate and main tain the Lake Huron and Elgin Area Pri mary Water Supply Systems has been
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awarded to Azurix North America.
• Remediation and Decommissioning
These water supply systems serve the municipalities of London, St. Thomas,
• Environmental Management Systems
Lamhton 38
Shores, South
Huron,
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Classifieds
Bluewater, North Middlesex Centre,
Southwold, Centra! Elgin, Malahide, Aylmer and Bayham. The contract was awarded by the Board of Management for each system after a competitive bid process that in volved four short-listed companies. Azurix North America's winning bid is priced at $71.2 million over the length of the contract. This represents a sav ings to the communities served of ap proximately $1 million per year. The contract has an option for an additional five years. Azurix will take over operations on January 1, 2002, from the incumbent operator, Ontario Clean Water Agency, a Crown corporation. As operator of the systems, Azurix North America will be responsible for the delivery of safe drinking water to a population of ap proximately 420,000.
Hamilton to spend $22 million on storage tanks
Non-regulated electric generation company to use USFIIter Actlflo® process to treat water TransAlta Corporation has awarded USPilter a (US)$7 million contract to
the power generation process. The Actiflo technology by USFilter's
use its Actiflo® technology in their
John Meunier Products, Saint-Laurent,
water treatment program. TransAlta, Canada's largest non-regulated electric generation and marketing company, is upgrading to replenish their historical impact on the water level of Wabamun
Quebec, meets the strict project require ments of 0.06 NTU turbidity and non living zooplankton. John Meunier Prod ucts is also offering the client a strin gent process performance warranty, guaranteeing a yearly volume of eight million cubic metres per year of treated water at the appropriate water quality.
Lake, west of Edmonton. Two of
TransAlta's three power plants located in this area use water from the lake in
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For more information, circle reply card No. 165
Hamilton, Ontario hopes to improve wa ter quality in the Cootes Paradise marsh and nature sanctuary by building three combined sewer overflow underground storage tanks. Currently, sewage can
77 ORCHARD ROAD CORP.
overflow into creeks and then into the
Cootes marsh and nature sanctuary when heavy rain overwhelms the combined storm and sanitary sewer system. Five such tanks have already been built in various parts of the city. Rain water and sanitary sewage are held in
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CWWA Bulletin
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For more information, circle reply card No. 168 39
Date Pad
November 28-29, 2001. 24th Symposium sur las eaux usees, Montreal, QC. Contact: RESEAU environnement, tel: (514) 2707110, Fax: (514) 270-7154, Web site: www.reseau-environnement.com.
December 4-7, 2001. 17th Pollutec Inter
national Exhibition of Environmental Equip ment, Technologies and Services for Indus try, Paris-Nord Viilepinte, France. Contact: www.pollutec.com,or Alison Cousland,Tel: (416) 929-2562, Fax:(416)929-2564, Web site: www.promosalons.com. January 9, 2002. One-day seminar on HDPE piping systems, Sheraton North Hou ston, Houston,TX. For further information,
contact Plastics Pipe Institute at:(202)4629607,ext. 13, Web site: www.plasticpipe.org. January 27-30, 2002. Water Sources Con ference and Exhibition - Reuse, Resources,
Conservation, Las Vegas, NY. Jointly spon sored by the American Water Works Asso ciation and the Water Environment Federa
tion. Contact AWWA,Tel: 1-800-926-7337, Fax:(303)794-8915. January 28-31, 2002. 88th Annual Meet
ing of the Pulp and Paper Technical Asso ciation of Canada,including EXEORÂŽ 2002, Montreal, QC. Contact Glen D. Black, Tel: (514) 392-6967, Fax:(514) 392-0369, E-mail: gblack@paptac.ca. Web site: www.paptac.ca.
February 17-20, 2002. WEE Specialty Conference - Disinfection 2002: Health and
Safety Achieved Through Disinfection, St. Petersburg, Florida. Contact WEE: 1-800666-0206, E-mail: confinfo@wef.org. February 18-23,2002. Canadian Concrete Pipe Association/Ontario Concrete Pipe As sociation Annual General Meetings, Las Vegas, NV. Contact: (905) 565-0380, Fax: (905)565-0346, E-mail: info@ccpa.com. February 20, 2002. One-day seminar on HDPE piping systems, Radisson Hotel Atlanta Airport South, Atlanta, GA. For
March 24-27, 2002. WEF/AWWA Joint Management Conference, Charlotte, North Carolina. Contact WEF: 1-800-666-0206, E-mail: confinfo@wef.org.
April 9-10, 2002. Environmental Management, Compliance & Engi neering 2002 ConferenceAVorkshops and the Ontario Environmental
Tradeshow. The Regal Constellation Hotel, Etobicoke, ON. Contact: ES&E,Tel: 1-888-254-8769,or(905) 727-4666, Eax:(905) 841-7271.
further information, contact Plastics Pipe Institute at: (202) 462-9607, ext. 13, Web
site: www.plasticpipe.org. February 24-27,2002. WEE Specialty Con ference - Watershed 2002, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Contact WEE: 1-800-666-0206,
E-mail: confinfo@wef.org. March 3-6, 2002. 16th Annual WEE Residual and Biosolids Management Con ference: Privatization, Innovation and Opti mization - How to Do More For Less, Aus tin, Texas. Contact WEE: 1-800-666-0206,
E-mail: confinfo@wef.org. March 12-15, 2002. 27th Annual Alberta Operators Seminar, Banff, AB. Contact Kathy Abramowski, Tel:(780)427-7713. March 20, 2002. One-day seminar on
HDPE piping systems, DoubleTree Hotel Lakeside New Orleans, New Orleans, LA.
For further information,contact Plastics Pipe Institute at: (202) 462-9607, ext. 13, Web site: www.plasticpipe.org.
April 10-12, 2002. Salon des technologies environnementales du Quebec, Centre des Congres de Quebec. Sponsored by RESEAU environnement. Tel: (514) 270-7110, Eax: (514) 270-7154, E-mail: info@reseauenvironnement.com. Web site: www.reseauenvironnement.com.
April 21-23, 2002. 31st Annual Water En vironment Association of Ontario Technical
Symposium and Ontario Pollution Control Equipment Association Exhibition, Hamil ton, ON. Contact WEAO at: Tel: 1-888-355-
1300, Fax: (905) 726-2300, Web site: www.weao.org.
April 27-30, 2002. 10th National Confer ence and 1st Policy Forum on Drinking Water, Halifax, NS. Contact CWWA, Tel: (613) 747-0524, Fax: (613) 747-0523, E-mail: admin@cwwa.ca.
"WORK SAFELY"
IN A CONFINED SPACE Lumidor Safety Products has formed a Rental Division for
portable gas monitors to be used for confined space entry. The monitors are user friendly, simple to operate (one button operation) and able to monitor/alarm up to five gases simul taneously. An internal sampling pump, rechargeable battery or alkaline batteries, sampling hose with water trap, CSA approvals, training video, etc. are standard features. Please contact us at 905-474-1474 or fax us at 905-474-1740
to provide assistance and further discuss your specific requirements.
Lumidor Safety Products(Canada) 3075 14th Avenue, Unit #5 Markham, Ontario L3R 0G9
40
For more information, circie repiy card No. 126 (See page 25)
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
storage Tanks & Containment
Storage tanks and containment systems
A diverse range of case histories and maintenance proceedures are reviewed in ES&E's semi annual look at tanks and containment. - .â&#x20AC;˘SMN
First glass bolted tank in PEI
Prince Edward Island's first glas -fused-to-ste l tank for pota
ble water storage was erected in 2001. Consulting engineers, CBCL Limited, from Charlottetown, faced the challenge of designing a tank for Stratford, PEI, that would provide pota ble water for a growing population of 8,000, but still contain an ample supply of fire protection water for a rapidly expanding business park. The town of Stratford decided to proceed by constructing a glassfused-to-steel tank built by Greatario Engineered Storage Systems of Innerkip, Ontario. The 25 foot diameter x 56 foot high Aquastore tank, supplied by Engineered Storage Products of DeKalb, Illinois, holds 166,000 imperial gallons and was built in less than two weeks once the foundation was poured. Pat Hughes, engineer with CBCL,stated that a glass-fused-to-steel tank was chosen for several reasons. Comparatively, the upfront cost of supplying and building the tank was less than the cost of building a welded steel tank. Down-time was a major concern for the town of Stratford because they do not have a back-up reservoir. The glass-
fused-to-steel tank will never have to be taken out of service for re-
coating. This project is Stratford's first step into water storage and distribu tion offlows capable of providing fire protection. To address the mat ter of water quality and the potential of freezing, the internal piping was configured to promote circulation of water throughout the tank. With the reservoir, Stratford can now begin to interconnect the exist ing domestic systems and provide fire protection and quality drinking water as required. For more information, circle reply card No. 161 Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
The tank colours are not just for aesthetic pur poses. The white roof ailows the sun to be refiected during the summer months when the sun is at its highest point in the sky. The tank's biue exterior permits the sun's heat to be absorbed dur ing the winter months when the sun is at its low est point in the sky. This helps to prevent freez ing and ensure water quaiity. 41
Storage Tanks & Containment
Tank farm chooses geomembrane
Anew Bulk Fuels Terminal Tank Farm was constructed
in Fredericton, New Bruns
wick, during the summer of 2000. As per standard regulatory re quirements,a geomembrane liner meet ing strict physical and chemical prop erty requirements was a key component in this application. Design Constraints Criteria for selection in this applica tion were defined as follows:
• Compliance with the National Fire Code requirements for secondary con tainment in above ground tank farm applications. •Physical and chemical resistance prop erties that would allow for long-term performance in a bulk plant application. • Seam integrity and efficiency of in stallation given tight project time con straints.
Deployment of single Hazgard 500 panel
Following the liner deployment it
Geomeitibrane Selection
was anchored to the vertical concrete
The geomembrane selected for use in this application was Hazgard 500, a Canadian made product specifically de signed for secondary containment appli
walls surrounding the secondary con tainment area using Layfield's standard 50 mm X 50 mm x 5 mm galvanized an gle bar and 6 mm x 50 mm neoprene gasket detail. This process was com pleted in an additional two days. Quality Control The Hazgard 500 was fabricated and installed using strict quality control measures. A condition of being listed
cations where the National Fire Code must be met.
In this case, the geomembrane was shipped to site in one prefabricated piece to fit the entire tank farm facility thus allowing for very efficient installation and a high level of quality control. The physical and chemical resistance re quirements for this tank farm were met or exceeded, reducing the potential for future maintenance of the liner. Installation The total area to be lined was 33.3 m
X 18.3 m. A prefabricated panel of Hazgard 500,33.6mxl8.6m (allowing 0.3 m for mechanical anchorage to the walls) was shipped directly to site. This panel was deployed in approximately one hour by Layfield's installation crews. An LP6 underlay was placed prior to deploy ing the Hazgard panel and another layer of LP6 geotextile was placed over it to increase the level of protection against abrasion and puncture. A sump,located in the south west cor ner of the tank farm, was built by relief cutting the main panel and seaming a second panel into the excavated area.
By Mark Simpson, Layfleld Geosynthetics and Industrial Fabrics Ltd. 42
must be followed every time an ap proved geomembrane is constructed. In the field, the geomembrane seams were tested and approved using ASTM stand ard methods.
Layfield's new Research and Technol
ogy group developed the Hazgard® prod uct line of secondary containment ma terials specifically to meet the ULC/ ORD-C58.9(1997) requirement which is now part of the National Fire Code of Canada.
with Underwriters' Laboratories of
For more information,
Canada is a regimen of testing which
circle reply card No. 162
When sunshine may not be good for tanks Ultraviolet (UV) rays can play havoc, not only on light-sensitive chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), but on the storage tank itself. SnyderCrown has developed a new HDLPE resin for storage tanks which not only stands up to UV rays, but also keeps them out.
resistance throughout the tank. PE tanks also have excellent impact resistance, which minimizes damage to the tank during shipping and installation. Tank performance is dependent not only upon the materials used, but also on the manufacturing process. SnyderCrown designs the tanks so that the resin
HDLPE #880059, a new opaque is in the bottom knuckle radius of the white resin, was specifically designed tank. Snyder Unitized Molded Outlet for storing NaOCl. Its opacity prevents (SUMO®) helps maximize tank drain UV rays from attacking the sodium hy age to remove sedimentation that can pochlorite while its white colour reflects occur with time. the sunlight. Reducing exposure to the.se HDLPE #880059 opaque white tanks decomposition catalysts means longer may provide a cost-effective alternative shelf life for NaOCl. for storing sodium hypochlorite for the Rotationally molded polyethylene water treatment, wastewater treatment, (PE) tanks have homogeneous walls. pulp and paper, or chemical processing Without any fibres for the chemicals to industry. wick along, there is consistent corrosion Circle reply card No. 252 Environmental Science cfe Engineering, November 2001
storage Tanks & Containment
Chemical surface cleaning may improve water quality and facility maintenance
Producing and distributing high-
quality drinking water is be coming increasingly challeng ing. While rapid technological progress has greatly improved and fa cilitated water treatment, water provid ers have to adjust to tightening water quality standards and increasing con cerns about drinking water safety. Re cent examples of those issues are ar senic, disinfection by-products (DBFs) and heterotrophic plate count (HFC)
cept.
such as trihalomethanes (THMs).
Problems caused by surface deposits
Switching to alternative disinfection procedures such as UV,ozone, chlorine dioxide and chloramine is helpful to re duce DBF formation but cannot prevent disinfectant residual decline caused by surface deposits. Farticles or cells that slough off of mature biofilms and heavy Continued overleaf
All surfaces that are in contact with
water accumulate deposits over time. These include pipelines, reactors, claritlers, filters, and storage facilities. De pending on source water, temperature and light conditions, and flow charac teristics, this contamination can be pri marily biological or inorganic. The most
bacteria.
visible are calcium carbonate scale, iron
These problems have been ap proached primarily from the treatment and source water aspects. Methods to
and manganese deposits, permanganate stains and algae. Biofilm is a component of many types of deposit, but might by itself go
reduce arsenic and alternatives to free
chlorine disinfection are being imple mented on a large scale. However, not all water quality problems can be solved through improved treatment. Water quality declines if the storage and dis tribution system is not properly main tained, somewhat like drinking clean water from an unclean glass. An inte grated approach to water quality man agement, including water supply, treat ment,storage and distribution can result in improved water quality at the custom er's tap and also reduce maintenance and
By Ulrich Reimann-Philipp, FLORAN Technologies
promote corrosion and lead to increased production of disinfection by-products
treatment expenses. Chemical surface cleaning is part of the Clean Glass Con
Be right when you can't afford to be wrong.
undetected. The visible contamination
of filter and clarifier surfaces might, by some, be considered primarily an aes thetic issue, but problems associated with surface deposits go much further. Chlorine reacts with both organic and inorganic surface contaminants. This leads to a depletion of the chlorine re
Get complete,up-to-date Canadian Environmental
Legislation on CD.
sidual in the bulk water, which is re ferred to as chlorine demand of tanks
Visit www.ecolog.com to view demo of product.
and distribution lines. In order to main
tain an effective disinfectant residual
throughout the system, chlorination at the treatment plant has to be increased
Call toil free: 1-800-668-2374 to
order (in Toronto 416-442-2122)
or the water has to be booster-chlorin ated downstream.
However,high levels of chlorine may
For more Information, circle reply card No. 128
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Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
For more information, circle reply card No. 127 (See page 25)
43
Storage Tanks & Containment scale end up in the water and cause high HPC readings or affect taste and clarity. Current cleaning technology At this time, the American Water Works Association has not established
a cleaning standard for drinking water facilities. Existing standards specify methods for chlorine-based disinfection
but not deposit removal. Tanks are usu ally cleaned on a 3-5 year schedule. The most commonly applied cleaning prac tices are on-line sediment removal and
off-line high-pressure washing. While both methods have their specific ben efits, often only loose debris is removed, with biofilm and scale remaining in place. Corrosion cannot be properly as sessed once heavy deposits cover the paint. Available chemical surface clean ing technology has either been too ex pensive, not compatible with drinking
Underground concrete tank (A) before and(B) after chemical cleaning.
novel surface cleaning formulations in Germany. Inclusion of regular tank and line cleaning into water quality manage ment has enabled German water provid
have been proven highly effective in tri als in the US and are gaining acceptance rapidly. The liquid cleaners are prima rily used in treating interior and exte
ers to reduce chlorine demand and com
rior tank surfaces as well as all accessi
ply with limits of 0.3 mg/1 total chlo rine and THM limits of either 10 pg/l at the plant or 50 |j,g/l at the tap. These formulations have recently been intro
ble treatment plant surfaces. Granular formulations for filter media mainte nance and rehabilitation are also avail
able. The main benefits are efficient de
water facilities or too corrosive to be
duced to the US and Canadian markets
posit removal, surface restoration, re
widely applied. As a result, many tanks have to be sandblasted and repainted long before the projected lifetime of the surface coating is reached. The necessity to reduce chlorination to comply with lower chlorine and THM limits has led to the development of
under the Floran brand name.
duction or elimination of chlorine de
mand and short facility downtime for
Chemical cleaners Floran cleaners are ANSI/NSF stand
ard 60 certified for surface cleaning of water treatment and storage facilities. While being widely applied in Germany for more than a decade, the products
Floran cleaners are based on a two-
component chemistry. Both compo nents are shipped and stored separately and mixed immediately before applica-
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has been developed to block harmful ultraviolet(UV) radiation that can destroy light sensitive chemicals such as Sodium Hypochlorlte (NaOCI). UV radiation also has the potential to significantly degrade the structural Integrity of bulk storage tanks and Interme diate bulk containers(IBCs)that contain light sensitive chemicals. This proprietary resin package Is formulated with a special opaque pigment that prevents UV rays from attacking the bleach contained within. Previously, most polyethylene tank and IBC manufacturers have promoted either black pigmented or natural translucent polyethylene for sodium hypochlorite applications. A black tank can block UV rays, but It also absorbs sunlight, which can heat the tank to a level that harms both the tank and the chemi cals It contains.
Visit our web site at: www.plastictanks.ca or contact us directly for a copy of our product catalogue.
Diverse Plastic Tanks 3105 Unity Drive, Unit 14, Mlsslssauga, ON L5L4L2 Tel:(905) 607-5189, Fax:(905) 607-9835 1-800-685-3174
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For more information, circie reply card No. 130 (See page 25)
www.plastlctanks.ca
For more information, circle reply card No. 129 (See page 25)
storage Tanks & Containment tion. After mixing, the activity remains stable for 24 hours. The mixture is ap plied as a fine mist at low pressure. For interior tank cleaning, the tank is first drained and the sediment and loose de
posits washed out. No high-pressure washing is necessary. Extremely heavy deposits might require repeated appli cations. After reacting (usually 10-20 minutes) the surface is rinsed. The di lute runoff is neutral or slightly acidic and can be pumped into a sludge lagoon or released to the ground outside the tank. Local regulations may require ad ditional disposal procedures such as dechlorination.
Cleaning results The most obvious result of chemical
cleaning is surface restoration. In con trast to high-pressure washing, chemi cal removal of biological deposits and
scale exposes the underlying paint coat ing. The paint can be inspected and cor rosion sites can be spot-repaired. Since the coatings commonly used on steel and concrete are designed to last for at least 25 years,cleaning can greatly extend the intervals between sandblasting and re painting. The savings associated with extended coating lifetime can be con-
The most obvious result of chemical cleaning is surface restoration. In contrast to high-pressure washing, chemical removal of biological deposits and scale exposes the underlying paint coating. siderable, considering the high cost of resurfacing.
age tank should have little or no chlo
cases. Rapid turnover of the stored wa ter might mask an existing chlorine de mand, especially when samples are drawn from points of rapid water ex change. Multiple point sampling and monitoring when the water demand is
rine demand even when the water is not
low can be used to evaluate the effect of
turned over. The effect of chemical
chemical cleaning.
Chlorine demand of concrete and steel tanks is an indicator for biofilm and
sediment accumulation. A clean stor
cleaning on chlorine demand can be dramatic.
In one underground, raw concrete tank the chloramine residual of 2.7
mg/1 remained stable for five weeks af ter cleaning. Previously, the residual was completely lost within 7-10 days of storage. A steel tank that required regu lar supplementary chlorination main tained a 1.0 mg/1 chlorine residual for two weeks after cleaning. Both tanks
Conclusion
Regular chemical surface cleaning of treatment and storage facilities is an es sential tool to reduce water quality de cline after treatment. In addition, main tenance costs can he reduced due to ex
tended lifetime of surface coatings. Pre venting heavy biofilm and scale build up in the storage and distribution sys tem can significantly reduce drinking water chlorination.
were taken off-line for chlorine residual
For more Information,
monitoring. This is not possible in many
circle reply card No. 132
For ail vour storaae solutions Effective Solutions for Potable Water, Wastewater, Leachate Storage, Industrial Storage.
Midland, ON Drummond, NS
Angus, ON Stratford, PEI
Glass-fused-to-steel tanks do not require re-coating - EVER! The glass coating has been specifically designed for cold climates. quastore® Tanks
Temcor® Aluminum Domes
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www.greatario.com •sales@greatarioengsys.com Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
For more information, circle reply card No. 131 (See page 25)
45
Storage Tanks & Containment
Special reinforcement was the key to building high-strength P&P tanks
When Fabricated Plastics Limited of Maple, Ontario, was called on to provide two large fiberglass reinforced plastic tanks for the stor
age of chlorine dioxide at a Quebec pulp and paper mill, the most important requirement was to build them with sufficient strength to withstand extreme wind loads, as well as to achieve a "Zone 2" earthquake rating. "In addition to putting ribs on the wall, you can increase the hoop strength of a tank in one of two ways," says Don Sablinskas,President at FABCO,"either by laying up a very thick laminate, or by 'winding in hoop'(that is, winding the glass reinforcement onto the mandrel at a zero angle). In creasing the wall thickness, of course, increases both the weight and cost of a vessel. On the other hand, a tank wound in hoop only (with conventional glass filament) will have very little axial strength." To achieve the additional axial strength required without sacrificing hoop strength, the company selected a type of reinforcement frequently used by molders in other areas of the composites industry (including boat builders) but not in the corrosion field.
"We developed a very efficient tank design by combin ing hoop winding with unidirectional glass roving (Liasil)," Sablinskas says. "The hoop winding gave us the necessary strength to contain the liquid, and the unidirectional roving provided the axial strength. It also enabled us to reduce the wall thickness-a cost-effective measure that cut the weight of the tanks substantially, which, in turn, made it easier to The two filament wound tanks were built to withstand high wind loads and to achieve a "Zone 2" earthquake rating. assemble them."
Although chlorine dioxide is a highly corrosive material used as a bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry, it was no problem to select a suitable resin for the units, in this case, a premium corrosion resistant resin. Both tanks are 5.5 m (18 feet) in diameter and 16.7 m
(55 feet) high. Because of their size, each was produced in five separate parts - a top, a bottom and three middle shell sections-for shipment by road to the mill site. Each of the
five sections is approximately 3.5 m (11.4 feet) high with an inside diameter of 5.5 m (18 feet). The ribs are hollow structures wound directly onto the tank wall. It was very important to provide a rib close to the ends of each shell section to maintain its stiffness. When cylindri cal parts are being lifted by crane, they have a tendency to go out of round which makes it extremely difficult to align the parts during assembly. The domed top, molded by hand lay up, is fitted with
two explosion hatches which release suddenly to relieve any build-up of pressure inside the vessel. The top also has molded-in supports to which the feet of a maintenance ac cess walk-way are bolted. The flat-bottomed base of each tank is fitted with a
A domed top is lowered onto the cylindrical wall of one of the chlorine dioxide storage tanks. 46
manway and has specially designed (steel) hold-down lugs to prevent overturn during any earthquake conditions. Be fore the individual tank components were shipped to the Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Storage Tanks & Containment Tank Stats
The capacity of each tank Is 341,000 litres (75,000 gal lons). Its weight, empty. Is approximately 16,000 kg. (35,300 lbs.); when filled. It weighs 380,000 kg.(837,000 lbs.). FABCO was able to complete the job within 12 weeks of order date Including engineering, approval, manufactur ing and erection.
mill(where FABCO field crew later assembled and bonded them together), the tanks were "test assembled" at the Ma ple plant to ensure mating parts fitted together. Assembly Procedure Special lifting lugs were attached to the top section so that a crane could raise it off the ground for the first shell
section to be slid into position beneath it during assembly. The top was then lowered onto the shell and the two parts were strapped together (on both the inside and outside of the components). After the first joint had cured, the joined sections were raised again for a second shell to be slid into place and joined to them - a procedure that was repeated until each tank was fully assembled. In the interest of safety, the work is al ways carried out at ground elevation. Each tank was put together a few feet from the concrete pad and lifted into place with the crane. Once the customer had approved the installation, FABCO's engineers proceeded to confirm the integrity of their design by carrying out strain gauge tests after each
Assembly of tank commences. tank had been filled with water and allowed to stabilize for
a 12-hour period. "We also did the tests as a further quality control measure," Sablinskas said. "They will allow us to make comparison tests in the future to ensure the tanks are still sound and performing as they should." For more information, circle reply card No. 133
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For more information, circie reply card No. 134 (See page 25)
47
storage Tanks & Containment
Tank alignment plays important role in early storage tank leak detection
Due to ecological concerns in North America, a
great deal of attention is given to the early de tection of leakage from underground tanks at gas stations. For that purpose,and for inventory control, dipstick measurements are taken at least once a day. Very often the arithmetic based on those measurements shows "shortage", i.e. less gas in a tank than there should be, or "over", i.e. more gas left after subtracting volume sold from start-up volume, plus delivered gas if any. Since volume sold is measured by pump meters which are care fully calibrated and regularly checked by all government institutions and oil companies involved, that quantity can be assumed to be error free.
Discrepancies in daily inventory are usually explained by either lack of care with dip readings or an underground tank that is not horizontally aligned. In both cases authori ties expect the numbers to balance themselves out after a period of time (i.e. one week, two weeks). In other words, today's "short" will be compensated by tomorrow's "over". If this is not the case after a period of time, one should start worrying about underground leak age; then expensive ground analyses ensue.
By Gabriel Waisman, GYN Systems Ltd.
As will be shown, that is not always necessary. The method provided can also help with the adjustment of vol ume tables used in daily inventory calculations. In our calculations we used, as an example, Belleville Model D-8 5000. This tank consists of a straight cylinder with ellipses at both ends. Error due to dip readings Error due to dipstick readings can be determined as: 5V = dV/dh.5h (1) where derivative in (I) is equal to:
dV/dh = 2.L.C. V I -(1 -h/C)- 7t.A.h.(2-h/C) (2) 5h - error in dipstick reading, usually in the range of± 1 cm. The(2) and consequently (1)is maximum at h = C (cyl inder radius). In our case: C= 117.5cm, A = 55.0cm (ellip sis axes), L = 451.3cm (cylinder length). The(2) becomes: 5Vmank = ± 0.55%.
But in many cases, the "shorts" and "overs" are much more even for one tank, and this cannot be explained by inaccurate dipstick readings. Alignment of underground tank If the alignment of the underground tank is not horizon tal, another type of error may occur. If the inclination angle a is not 0°, the formula for calculation of a gas volume as a function of dipstick readings becomes more complicated.
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48
For more information, circle reply card No. 135 (See page 25)
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
storage Tanks & Containment 20
a
Vo-Va
^10°
Vo-Va
xr
Vtank
/O
Vtank
90 7°
go
Z:
1°
li/(2C)
-10
Figure 1
Gas volume as a function of dipstick measurements at dif ferent inclination angles. Vo - gas volume at0 deg. Vtank volume of gas tank. Fill up opening located at 1 = 0.25 L. A computer program, based on these equations was written and the results obtained are discussed below.
The volume table which gas station personnel use for inventory purposes is based on the assumption a = 0°. We call it Vo. Actual gas volume in case of a other than 0° we call Va. We run the program for positive and negative a and a graph of DV =(Vo - Va)/Vtank was built as a func tion of h - dipstick measurements. We assume that thefillup opening through which the dipstick is pushed for meas urements is 0.25L from the tank edge as in the Belleville D - 8 5000 model(L is a straight part of a cylinder). For in stance, in the worst case of a = 10° and h = 120 cm, the difference is 13% or 3,000 litres (Figure 1). If a service station manager is not aware of the "angle effect", he may be very surprised at the end of the day deal ing with such kind of "shortages" (Positive or negative). Let's consider for example the following scenario: The day starts with a half empty tank. For demonstration purposes only, let's choose a = 10° curve of Figure 1. Let us assume that at the end of the day the tank is almost empty. Since gas station staff use a = 0° tables, we can write that Vo (h = 120 cm)- Vo (h = 20 cm) = Vmeter -i- Error (3) The actual relationship is Va(h = 120 cm)- Va(h = 20 cm) = Vmeter (4)
where Vmeter is pump readings. For simplicity, we assume that there are no deliveries during the day. Subtracting (4)from (3) will get for error \yo(h = \20cm)-Va{h - llQcm)]
Figure 2
h/(2C)
'
Gas volume as a function of dipstick measurements at dif ferent inclination angles. Vo - gas volume at 0 deg. Vtank volume of gas tank. Fill up opening located at 1 = 0.5 L. These curves can be determined using our computer pro gram for different tank sizes and shapes. From the analyses we can see that tank alignment plays an important role in early leakage detection. For a greater than ± 1° volume tables should be adjusted to real numbers. The "angle effect" can be drastically decreased if the fillup opening is in the middle of the tank (Figure 2). This re sult is very important. Tank manufacturers should place the fill-up opening close to the geometrical centre of the storage volume in order to minimize eiTors due to inclination angles. For more information, circle reply card No. 137
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Ftank
\yo{h : : 20c/w)-Va{h . 20cm)]
(5)
Ftank
From Figure 1,(5) becomes
ClearTech
e= 13.20%-2.20%= 11%
That means that, after n days of record keeping, the ac cumulated error might not disappear but this depends on the starting and ending points on the line of Figure 1. The only way to eliminate uncertainty, is to adjust the zero degree table to actual angle. It can be done either by direct angle measurement during renovation, or by using the existing information for inventory data to fit it to the appropriate curve of Figure 1. Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
ClearTech Industries Inc. Your Authorized Distributor
for FLORAN Products throughout Canada www.cleartech.ca
1-800-600-3855
Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, Reglna, Saskatoon, Winnipeg, Mississauga
For more information, circie reply card No. 136 (See page 25)
Storage Tanks & Containment
Flexible PVC lining system protects tanks
In 1972,two underground concrete
storage tanks were constructed at the City of Barrie Water Pollution Control Centre. The two tanks
were to be used to contain liquid alum and they were lined with a fibreglass lin ing. The fibreglass lining began to crack from the expansion and contraction of the tanks causing the tanks to leak. In 1982, on the advice of Gore and Storrie Limited, Kentain Products Lim
ited proposed a heavy gauge 40 mil (.040")flexible PVC bag type liner. The lining was installed without removing the existing lining. The PVC lining was not adhered to the tank surface and was
not affected by the expansion and con traction or small cracks left in the walls.
The liners were pre-fabricated at Kentain's facility in Kitchener, Ontario, and delivered to thejob site in one piece. They were closed top liners with provi-
By Scott Lippert, Kentain Products Limited
Preliner being prepared.
sions for the manway opening and the other fitting connections. Kentain pro vided an installation supervisor and two helpers who worked in conjunction with the City of Barrie employees, installing
both liners in two weeks.
Early in 1999, after 17 years of trou ble free service, discussions began be tween the City of Barrie and Kentain
Products Limited to have the existing PVC liners replaced for preventative measures.
Working from the existing shop drawings, Kentain manufactured the re placement liners in their plant and made amangements with the City of Barrie to
WORRY FREE UNDERGROUND STORAGE Canada's #1 Selling Fiberglass Tanks
Never worry about corrosion againl
set up an installation date. Providing only an installation supervisor, Kentain once again worked in conjunction with the City of Barrie employees to install the new replacement liners. Because of the high standards of tank preparation completed when the tanks were originally lined in 1982, the instal lation for the two replacement liners was completed in one week, half the origi
When regulations require secondary containment,
nal time.
ZCL's Prezerverâ&#x201E;˘ doubie wali tanks are your best soiution. Corrosion free internaliyand externally, ZCL tanks do not require expensive cathodic protection and are maintenance-free. Both primary and secondary waiis are made of 100% fibergiass reinforced plastic mechanicaiiy bonded together to form a unitized construction that provides superior strength and performance. Safe for storage of ai l fuel types and most hazardous liquids.
For more information,
circle reply card No. 184
The 2002 Ontario Environmental Tradeshow On April9& 10,2002,ES&E will host The 4th Annual Ontario Environmen
tal Tradeshow held in conjunction with the 10th Annual Environmental
COrVIPOSITES INC.
For More Info Call Toll Free Today!
visit us at www.zcl.com 1-800-661-8265 50
For more information, circle reply card No. 138 (See page 25)
Management, Compliance & Engi neering conference and workshops,in Toronto. Contact; 1-888-254-8769,or (905)727-4666 for more information or an Exhibitor's Prospectus. Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Product and Service Showcase TEifTTCQRÂŽ Aluminum Domes
Glass coated steel tanks and silos
Storage for liquids
For more than thirty years Temcor has been competitively producing aluminum Domes, Roofs and Covers for Potable
Environmentally safe storage for fuel or other hazardous liquids, is now manufac
Water and Wastewater applications in a wide variety of climates, successfully protecting your investment against the elements. Temcor's all aluminum prod ucts are lightweight, corrosion resistant,
Wolf Email has more than 30 years ex perience with a wide range of tank appli cations. Advantages of our modular de sign include easy transport and access, fast and simple erection, adaptability to
and maintenance free which translates to
remodel, extend, dismantle and resite the
C142.5-1994. The Wyevale Fuel Dome design: 500 gallon steel inner tank; inte
longer life and lower maintenance costs.
tank, low maintenance,long life and cor
rior of concrete outer shell is finished
Aluminum doesn't rust like steel, doesn't spall like concrete and doesn't degrade with ultraviolet light like fibreglass.
rosion resistance. Tanks and silos are de
with three coats of epoxy paint; exterior
signed according to DIN or AWWA
has a three-coat maintenance-free,attrac
standards and are ISO 9001 certified.
Greatario Engineered Storage Systems Circle reply card No. 190
Wolf Email GmbH
tive factory finish. Wyevale Containment Ltd.
Chemical tank cleaning
tured in Canada to withstand Canadian weather conditions and meet Under writers' Laboratories standard ORD-
Circle reply card No. 191
Circle reply card No. 192
Secondary containment
Geodesic domes & flat covers
system
Circle reply card No. 193
Layfield geomembrane products are the perfect match for the Westeel C-Ring''''^' steel containment system. Together, they provide a total engineered environmen tal solution for your most demanding sec ondary containment applications. Ben efits include: expandable design, com pletely reusable, and more efficient use of space. The system can be used for: oil & gas, petrochemical, agriculture, and hazardous materials. Layfield Circle reply card No. 194
Storage buildings
Tank solutions
Tank surfaces in contact with water will
accumulate organic and inorganic depos its over time. These deposits can cause a decline in chlorine residual, increased DBFs, and increased HFC numbers.
Heavy deposits lead to increased corrosion and reduce the lifetime ofsurface coatings. NSF approved Floran products have been developed for convenient & efficient one step chemical cleaning of water tank and filter surfaces. ClearTech Industries
Harnois Indus
The Ultraflote Ultradome trademark is
now available in the Batten Quad Sea! design. Ultraflote, established in 1972, is an international leader in the design, manu facture and installation of geodesic domes and flat covers. Ultraflote's attention to
detail has been instrumental in the success
of dealing with difficult applications re quiring specific engineering and construc tion know-how and experience. Donson Engineering & Contracting Circle reply card No. 195
Fibreglass domestic heating oil storage tanks
tries have engi neered a storage building that is said to be both
stronger and more cost-effective than current con ventional build
ings. Our clear span designs of the Megadome and Superdome series provide the space and clearance for maximum storage capacity and accessibility. The diversity of size and shape means these buildings can meet your current requirements and ex pand in the future. Harnois Industries Circle reply card No. 196
Diverse Fiastic Tanks offer a full range of product designs, including closed or open top vertical tanks in flat or cone bottom styles, horizontal tanks, contain ment tanks and a complete line of "UN" approved intermediate bulk containers. (IBCs). They distribute the Snyder In dustries line of tanks which have many advantages for bulk storage, processing and transportation tanks. With the wid est selection of sizes up to 22,000 gal lons. Diverse Plastic Tanks
Circle reply card No. 197 Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Fibreglass tanks are made of corrosion re sistant materials. Unlike steel tanks,ZCL
fibreglass tanks are maintenance-free and never rust, inside or out. Backed by a 25year warranty, they provide long-term, trouble free service. Choose from double
or single wall designs with holding capaci ties of 200 or 250 gallons. Continuous monitoring capability is built in with a visual "site-glass". ZCL Composites Circle reply card No. 198 51
Product and Service Showcase <|Q EAGLEBROOK' Your Single Source
Package Wastewater Plants
Design/build wastewater
Adapted to Your Needs
treatment systems
Odor & Corrosion Control
"Jf One Simple
f
Solution For Two
Major Problems.
Controlling Odor And Corrosion
We have supplied Package Sewage Treat ment Plants worldwide. The Package Plant concept is a low cost, odourless
plant, achieving a high degree of treat With Iron Salts.
1-800-428-3311
www.eaglebrook.net Circle reply card No. 199
Jet aeration, jet mixing, SBR systems
Manufactured by Mixing Systems, Inc., jets are both versatile and effective. Sys tems are custom-designed to satisfy var
ied process demands and tank sizes. Mixing and oxygen transfer are inde pendently controlled. Energy efficient, low maintenance, no in-basin moving parts, with liquid depths from 15 to 60
ment. It is economical, easy to install
and operate, reliable, fulfills regulatory requirements and is ideal for any loca tion unable to connect to municipal sewer systems. Sanitherm Engineering Ltd. Circle reply card No. 200
systems will effectively minimize sludge production, control odours, reduce O&M costs,and reduce or eliminate surcharges. Anaerobic technologies range from low rate to ultra-high rate, with each system custom-designed according to your needs.
More info can be found at
www.paquesadi.com. Paques ADI Inc. Circle reply card No. 201
New pipe design manuai
PipePac 2000 software
The 13th edition of the Concrete Pipe Design Manual for engineers who select
PipePac 2000 software from the Ameri can Concrete Pipe Association is an en hanced version of ACPA's popular PipePac software. It offers integrated analysis using three independent pro grams for D-load calculations(3EB),es timating the material costs of the pipe and
the type, size and strength requirements of concrete pipe, is now available from the American Concrete Pipe Association. The 536-page design manual has been updated to provide the most current tech
Circle reply card No. 202
nical data and design aids needed to as sist engineers in preparing efficient and cost-effective drainage solutions for sani tary sewer, storm drain and culvert ap plications. AGFA Circle reply card No. 203
Solids/corrosive liquids pumps
T Seriesâ&#x201E;˘ solids handling pumps
feet. Mixing Systems,Inc.
On-site anaerobic wastewater pretreatment packages for industrial processors with high-strength wastes. Our treatment
embedment zones (CAPE) and the real cost of the materials specified over the
design life of the program (EGA). Pipe Pac helps you select the right material for a buried infrastructure system. ACPA Circle reply card No. 204
Asbestos Trakker Version 2.4 The Trakker is a state-of-the-art as
bestos management software program that can be net worked between the
Gorman-Rupp T Series^'^ pumps are de signed for economical, trouble-free op eration in handling solids-laden liquids and slurries. Pumps feature a large volute design which allows them to reprime automatically in a completely open system without the need for suction or discharge check valves. And they can do it with the pump casing only partially filled with liquid and a completely dry suction line. Gorman-Rupp Circle reply card No. 205 52
are self-priming, they can be mounted high and dry at floor level, with only the suction line down in the liquid. Service or maintenance can be performed quickly and simply with common hand tools and without having to pull the pump. There are no long drive shafts to install and align, no hoists or cranes required, and never any need for service personnel to enter the sump. Gorman-Rupp
facility manager, construction department and health and safety officials through your local network server system. The Trakker system is ex tremely user-friendly; compatible with all Windows-based programs; has a search function that can retrieve a room's survey results in seconds; multiple buildings or wings can be included in one program; has a link-up feature that will allow other department managers to view the Trakker survey findings; and more. T.Harris Euvironmental Management
Circle reply card No. 206
Circle reply card No. 207
Because Gorman-Rupp T Seriesâ&#x201E;˘ pumps
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Product and Service Showcase Engineering services
Microprocessor controlled multi-gas monitor
Denso Petrolatum Tapes
Circle reply card No. 208
Designed to provide personal safety, the MicroMax is OSHA compliant. Its rug ged aluminum case provides RFI/EMI shielding, as well as dust, water and im pact resistance. It is designed, tested and manufactured under strict ISO 9001 qual ity .systems, and is UL classified and CSA certified intrinsically safe for use in Class I, Division I and II, Groups A, B, C and D areas. Lumidor Safety Products Circle reply card No. 209
Proven worldwide for well over 100 years, Denso Petrolatum Tapes offer the best, most economical, long-term corrosion protection for all above and below ground metal suifaces. Requiring only minimum surface preparation and environmentally responsible, Denso Petrolatum Tape is the solution to your corrosion problems in any corrosive environment. For applications in mines, mills, refineries, steel mills, pulp & paper, oil & gas, and the waterworks industiy. The answer is Denso! Circle reply card No. 210
Introducing the N-Pumps!
Submersible pumping/mixing
New Kee Lite™ aluminum
Providing the complete spectrum of serv ices needed to plan, design and construct water and wastewater infrastructure in
cluding: Traditional engineering, design and construction, design/build, SCADA/ real time control, and structured wet
lands/recreational water quality. Azurix North America
slip-on fittings
Years of research We
coupled with cus extensive
1948, when we
field trials have
produced a revo lutionary new pump design that combines high ef ficiency with Flygt's clog-free performance. The N-Pump series feature a radical new hydraulic end design which ensures efficient, clog-free, and troublefree pumping over extended periods. The result is improved operational economy due to less downtime,dramatically reduc ing the total life cost of the installation. ITT Flygt Circle reply card No. 211
Open channel flow meters
been
making submers ible pumps since
tomer demands and
have
introduced
the
world's first sub
mersible designed for pumping con taminated water.
Over the years, our name has come to stand for efficient,
versatile products of the highest quality and we have remained at the forefront of
development. Our designs, patents, and technical innovations have made us the
world's leading manufacturer ofsubmers ible pumping/mixing equipment and fluid handling technology. ITT Flygt Circle reply card No. 212
Kee
Industrial
Products. Ltd. in troduces seven
new fittings to its line of Kee Lite™
aluminum slipon,structural pipe fittings. Strong, lightweight and corrosion-resist
ant, these fittings provide an attractive, aesthetic appearance for building railings and other tubular pipe structures. They include a variable angle joint. 90-degree crossover joint, wall flange, side palm fixture, metal end plug, internal swivel, and a smooth handrail fitting. Kee Industrial Products, Ltd.
Circle reply card No. 213
Liquid/solid separation
Toshiba flowmeters and
HYCOR PRODUCTS
sludge density transmitters
FOR MtII«JP/U. WASTEWAltP TJKATNENT
American Sigma flow meters are de signed with the outstanding reliability and ease of use you expect. The innova tive, versatile line of flow meters allows
you to choose the right meter and upgrade as your needs change. They include: Portable Area Velocity, Area Velocity, Long-Term Area Velocity, Intrinsically Safe Portable Area Velocity, Intrinsically Safe Area Velocity, Flow & Water Qual ity and PVM Portable Flow Velocity Meters. Can-Am Instruments Ltd.
Circle reply card No. 214
Parkson recently acquired the Hycor® line of liquid/solid separation equipment which focuses on headworks screening, convey ing and washing,as well as grit and stonnwater management. Screen media in cludes wedgewire, perforated, mesh, bar and specially configured screening ele ments. Types include rotary drum screens, side hill, step screens, moving media screens, gravity disc and climber screens, and systems with integral conveying and dewatering. Parkson Corporation
Circle reply card No. 215
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Patented noise suppression circuitry and mechanically retained liners make the Toshiba LF400 Series Electromagnetic Flowineter ideal for wastewater applica tions. The LQ300 Microwave Sludge Density transmitter from Toshiba uses a new principle, microwave phase differ ence measurement, to determine the den
sity of sludge flowing through pipes. It has no moving parts and no projections inside the piping. Cancoppas Limited Circle reply card No. 216 53
Product and Service Showcase On-line chlorine monitoring
UV light disinfection system
Signal converter The use 6000 sig
P r o M i n e n t' s Dulcodes
nal converter from
UV
Danfoss eliminates
Light Disinfec tion System uti
the
lizes a number of
choosing specific
unique key op
communication
to demonstrate
cations. It comes with .sensors mounted
and pre-wired to the controller on a sam pling line, making correct installation of your chlorine monitoring system simple. ProMinent Fluid Controls Ltd.
the effectiveness of the UV disinfection
stage. Its advanced control mechanism monitors bulb efficiency, trends in UV light dosage, and hours of operation to allow for appropriate scheduled preventative maintenance on the unit. UV light dosage is continually monitored using ProMinent's UVB intensity sensor mounted on their 316 Stainless Steel ra diation vessels. ProMinent
Circle reply card No. 218
Circle reply card No. 217
aeration tanks. De
signed to be easily mounted with the EVITA® Oxy dis solved oxygen sensor, this CE,C-tick and UL-approved converter compensates for temperature, barometric pressure, humid ity, and salinity. It operates in tempera tures ranging from -40°C to 4-70°C with
+ 0.1° accuracy. Davis Controls Limited
Circle reply card No. 219
Inlet Stormceptor® system
Upgrade Now
of
protocols when uti lizing a dissolved oxygen sensor in
erator interfaces
Creating solutions for easy installation and start-up of online chlorine monitor ing equipment is a specialty of ProMinent Fluid Controls. The PCM Package of fers pre-mounted chlorine monitoring for free, available and total chlorine appli
worries
Submerged Stormceptor® system
The Inlet Storm
ceptor System em ploys the same prin ciples of operation as the well-known In
line Interceptors. Developed to treat The new version of PipePac 2000 in cludes advances such as a new 32 bit
operating system for quicker runtime; better help screens; upgrades to the Life Cycle Analysis; and LIVE updates to cape's pipe costing tables. Call the Ontario Concrete Pipe Association (905) 631 -9696, for your free copy or if you have Access 2000 or 2000 Runtime,
download PipePac 2000 from www. ocpa.com. OCPA
Circle reply card No. 220
Level measurement system for digesters
run-off from an area
of up to 0.30 ha, the Inlet Stormceptor has inherited the in
ternal by-pass function, ensuring that all sediment and oil removed from storm-
Circle reply card No. 221
Circle reply card No. 222
Open channel remote monitoring
Immersed ultrafiltration membranes The ZeeWeed®'
ted with a built-in
ment for digest The wave
guide pipe carries the radar signal from the instrument to the horn antenna, bypassing the spool and valve components,eliminating valve sig nal noise. The instrument can be raised,
inspected or removed without releasing digester gas into the environment. Milltronics
Circle reply card No. 223
54
modifications: an extended weir and a
500 series of im mersed ultrafiltra
sliding wave guide antenna provides reliable
ers.
systems. Compared to the In-line system, the Submerged Stormceptor has two second drop pipe to enable it to capture oil and sediment during high tailwater conditions. Stormceptor Canada Inc.
IQ Radar 300 fit
measure
well-known In-line
and Inlet Stormceptor
water run-off remains trapped within the storage chamber,even during peak flows. There are curiently more than 4,500 units installed throughout North America. Stormceptor Canada Inc.
The Milltronics
level
Developed for sub merged and partially submerged storm sewer pipes, the new Submerged Storm ceptor System em ploys the same oper ating principles as the
tion membranes is
the only mem brane in the in
Flow Reporter is a Windows-ba.sed con figuration software and data extractor for use with the Milltronics Open Channel Monitor(OCM 111). It lets you monitor flow, change parameters and download flow data collected by the OCM III di rectly from a remote PC. Try Flow Re porter for a 15-day trial by downloading
dustry engineered with a reinforced
hollow fiber. The
from www.Milltronics.com. Go to Prod
rugged fibers, combined with an open module design, allow operation in high levels of su.spended solids. The mem brane simplifies conventional processes and provides a long membrane life, even under the harshest operating conditions.
ucts, to Flow Reporter and click
ZENON Environmental Inc.
'Download the .software'. Milltronics
Circle reply card No. 225
Circle reply card No. 224 Environmental Sc ience & Engineering, November 2001
Product and Service Showcase WebTRAC
Advanced oxidation system
Full mastery over water clarification Densadeg's effec
IKrtrRHC PROCESS OPTIMIZATION sournofis
tiveness is the re sult of three tech
nologically com plex modules: the reactor chamber,
The WebTRAC systems allow you to build as you grow. The number of sen sors and monitoring/control points is un limited. All data and monitoring and con trol functions are accessible through a standard web browser. From a stand
alone PC, LAN, WAN, Internet, or dial
up connection, accessing the power of WebTRAC is unbeatable. If you know bow to "surf the net", you know bow to use WebTRAC! Chemtrac Systems Inc. Circle reply card No. 226
Dechlorlnatlng diffuser
This stainless steel, skid mounted system is suitable for tertiary treatment, water reclamation, and remediation of groundwater contaminated with petroleum prod ucts and additives, pesticides, solvents, etc. It includes a multimedia filter sys tem,three ozone generators, ozone injec tions system, two 10.000 gallon reaction vessels, a medium pressure and a low pressure UV water treatment system, plus monitoring and control systems. Envirozone Technologies Inc. Circle reply card No. 227
High rate iron & manganese removal process
the pre-settlingthickening zone, and the lamella clarification module. It
offers robustness and ease of operation on a wide field of applications including: drinking water, urban wastewater,indus trial process water and sludge treatment. Besides an excellent treated water qual ity, the Densadeg provides high clarifi cation rates and requires less reagents than most existing units. ONDEO Degremont Circle reply card No. 228
SLP Phoenix Underdrain
The SLP (Super low
profile)Phoenix Under drain is ideal for new fil
ters and retrofits, with:
Lowest profile available -filtered water pick-up orifice located at base of FILTER OPTIMIZATION
Simply the easiest dechlorination device available, the LPD-250 uses LPD-
CHLOR tablets (81.3% NaSO,) to re move up to 4 ppm of chlorine in potable water. Simply fill the tube with tablets, connect to the hydrant, and start flush ing; the LPD-250 will do the rest. The
This process removes iron and mangan ese effectively using AWI's NSF approved, highly-reactive manganese dioxide filter media. It is cost-effective, flexible and eas
available to treat highly chlorinated
ily adaptable. For new water treatment facilities, filter area is greatly reduced with significant savings on capital and operat ing costs. For existing water treatment plants it doubles or triples capacity with the existing filter area and chemical costs
waters as well. ClearTech Industries
are diminished. Anthratech Western
LPD can accommodate flows from 200 to 1200 USGPM. Modifications are
Circle reply card No. 229
Ca
adia n
Environmental
As part of the commitment of the Cana
fessionals who handle environmental is
ment to pollution prevention, the CCME Pollution Prevention Awards recognize companies and organizations showing leadership in pollution prevention. A panel of industry, non-government and govern ment repre.sentatives selects award win ners from small, medium and large busines.ses. organizations and developers of
letter, a national calendar of events and
pollution prevention innovations. Nomi
training, a discussion forum, and more.
nations close November 30,2001. Visit:
CanadianEnvironmentaI.com
www.ccme.ca. CCME
Circle reply card No. 232
Anthratech Western
Mc Graw II
dian Council of Ministers of the Environ
tal legislation, an environmental product and service directory, the most compre hensive environmental job board in Canada, a monthly environmental news
distribution at various airscour rates.
CCME
Visit www.CanadianEnvironmental.com
site include access to environmental in
rosion-resistant, .stainless steel construc
tion; extremely uniform water distribution; and unique air conduit provides uniform
Circle reply card No. 231
-a free on-line Resource Centre for pro
formation and news,links to environmen
of filter; dual-triangular metering zone al lows even pick-up of water across slotted retention panel; media retention slot de sign is self-cleaning in both directions; strong, double-wrapper shell design; cor
Circle reply card No. 230
CCME Pollution Prevention Awards - Call for Nominations
sues related to industry. Features of the
lateral; centreline of ori fice <25 mm from floor
Circle reply card No. 233
Environmental Science & Enj>ineering, November 2001
McGraw-Hill is a leading publisher of Environmental and Civil Engineering books and products. Our authors are in ternational experts and provide critical insights on environmental issues, devel opments and trends. Browse our new online catalogue for product information at: www.McGrawHill.ca/tpm. McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. Circle reply card No. 234 55
Disinfection
The facts about UV disinfection Itraviolet light is the compo nent of the electromagnetic spectrum situated between X-rays and visible light. With a wavelength between 100 and 400
U
sure UV-systems over low pressure UVsystems is that with the high intensity lamps large flows can be treated with compact UV-installations. The Aquionics 4000-watt multi-wave lamp is equivalent to that of 18 conventional low-pressure technology lamps. Re duced lamp count means a smaller foot print and lower installation and O&M
able for disinfection. In order to achieve the demanded dis
with wavelengths between
infection,the right UV-dose must be ap plied and this depends on the sensitiv ity of the microorganism. Correct cal culation of the UV-dose, which a sys tem delivers to a microorganism,is cru cial to the successful operation of any UV-installation. Put simply, UV-dose is the energy delivered to a given surface area for a given period of time. UV-dose is calculated by multiplying the UV-lamp(s) intensity by the time a microorganism is resi
200 and 315 nm. The inacti-
dent in the treatment chamber.
nm,UV is divided into four bands: UVA, UV-B, UV-C and Vacuum UV. UV
has multiple applications. UV-Ais used for attracting flying insects into insect exterminators, and UV-A in combination with UV-B is
used for tanning lamps. For disinfection purposes, "UV" refers to the UV-C band
vation of microorganisms takes place through UV ab sorption in the DNA-string. The principle of disinfection is the result of the rupture of the genetic core of the cell, i.e. disintegration of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)and ribo-
UV-dose is calculated by the formula:
UV Dose (mJ/cm-) Intensity (mW/cm-) X Time (sec) Time (measured in sec
onds) is the period of irradia tion or residence time. Dose
is applied to microorganisms by UV-lamps. The residence C light affects the Thyminetime is the time taken for a mi Adenine band by breaking the Aquionics UV chamber. croorganism to pass from one band and forming a double cost. And another important advantage end of the chamber to the other and is bond. With this formation of the dou ble bond the DNA can no longer divide of medium pressure lamps is the ability calculated from the average flow veloc and replicate so the propagation of this to completely break down proteins and ity and chamber dimensions. Aquionics microorganism is terminated. enzymes, eliminating the possibility of use advanced hydrodynamical compu ter software to be able to handle inhoUV-C light is generated by mercury photo-reactivation. Finally, unlike the output of a low mogeneity in velocity. By knowing the lamps, which contain a slight amount of mercury. The lamps emit UV light due pressure lamp, the output of a medium microorganisms to be killed and the re to a combination of gas pressure and pressure lamp is unaffected by water quired percentage of kill, it is possible to determine the necessary UV dose, electrical current. UV lamps can be di temperature. vided into low-pressure lamps(0,001 to To specify the most appropriate UV- which,according to circumstances, may system for a given contamination prob vary from 10 to over 100 mJ/cml 0,01 bar gas pressure)and medium pres Some of the advantages of the sure lamps(1 to 2 bar gas pressure). The lem, five parameters have to be deter Aquionics UV disinfection system medium pressure mercury vapor lamps mined: require a more advanced technological • Flow (minimum,average, maximum). include: • minimal headloss knowledge. The medium pressure UV- • Transmission of water (at 254 nm). installations typically operate by trans • Type of microorganisms to be killed. • high dose, high volume capability former and emit so-called polychromatic • Degree (log reduction) of disinfection • automatic cleaning • small footprint UV-light. required (i.e. dose required). • no overdosing possibility The emitted wavelengths cover the • Water temperature. total germicidal UV-band,including the The amount of UV-light, which can • lamp output unaffected by water temperature most effective DNA/RNA breaking pass through a volume of water, is ex wavelength of 260 nm - 265 nm and the pressed as the transmission. The higher • adjustable lamp power levels protein/enzyme damaging wavelengths the amount of UV-light which passes • superior 8,000 hour lamp life close to 220 nm. The more sophisticated through the water, the higher the trans • data logging capabilities control makes it possible to control the mission of the water. The transmission • gravity flow and pumped applications effective power,resulting in an efficient of water depends on several factors and • absolute germicidal UV specific monitoring and flexible system, meeting today's cannot be determined by conventional sophisticated requirements. water analysis. It is affected by organic • minimal maintenance requirements The main advantage of medium pres- and inorganic material both dissolved • low capital, operational, and maintenance cost. and suspended in the water. This mate By Kim Guengerich, For more information, rial scatters or even absorbs the UVAquionics Inc. circle reply card No. 139 liaht, reducing the amount of UV avail nucleic acid(RNA). The UV-
56
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Water Issues
r r
Poor water quality found on native reserves The drinking water problems on Cana da's native reserves are so acute that they need to be addressed immediately,even before problems in the rest of the coun try are fixed, a roundtable on the sub ject concluded. The roundtable, at
tended by MPs,experts, and representa tives from all levels ofgovernment,found that while water quality is a serious prob lem across the country, drinking water on native reserves is in such a poor state that it requires urgent attention. A 1995 Health Canada report found that one in five reserves had water sys
Cdronne? ineafliMlIt! r ^
r-
r\rr r
f- r-
ditions have not improved since the re
ClearTech is your one-stop, Canada-wide solution for quality chlorine products, services and a complete range of related equipment.
port was written. Although the roundtable recom
• Gas Chlorinators
mended the creation of national cleanwater standards, Mr. Mercredi said
•Automatic Shut-Down Systems
tems that could "affect the health and
safety of the community if the problems are not addressed". Former Assembly of First Nations national chief Ovide Mercredi told the roundtable that con
standards alone may not be enough. He said reserves need money to build the kind of water treatment systems that are common in non-native communities of similar size.
US casts eye on Canadian water United States President George W.Bush says he wants to talk to Prime Minister
Jean Chretien about piping Canadian water to the parched American south
west. "Our nation must develop a com prehensive water strategy, particularly as these western states continue to
grow," Mr. Bush recently told a group of reporters. He also said he would be
open to "any discussions" about a pos sible continental water pact, similar to talks now underway between Canada, the United States and Mexico on energy. Under NAFTA, water is exempted from rules that require an open two-way trade in commodities. However, the agreement states that once Canada starts
f
r- r
• Chlorine Leak Detectors
• Cylinder Scales • Emergency Repair Kits
• On-line Analyzers
For more information, including information on ClearTech's comprehensive list of products and services, contact: Saskatoon:(306) 933-0177 Regina:(306) 721-7737 Calgary:(403) 279-1096 Vancouver:(604) 272-4000 Winnipeg:(204) 987-9777 Edmonton:(780) 452-6000 Toronto (Mississauga): Toll Free (800) 387-7503 or visit us at - Partners in -
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trading in bulk water, free-trade provi sions will kick in, requiring open trade to continue. That could limit the power of federal and provincial governments to restrict water exports.
ES&E on line. Check us out at
www.esemag.com Environmental Science <i Engineering, November 2001
For more information, circle reply card No. 140 (See page 25)
57
Conference Report
Security -a major topic at WEFTEC 2001
Weare a war government, stated Tracy Mehan, the US EPA's assistant ad
from simply locking all doors to sending staff information to the FBI for background
ministrator for water, at WEFTEC 2001, which was held last
checks."
month in Atlanta,Georgia. He said that the security of water and wastewater systems is a top priority and that the Bush administration has set up a water protection task force. Already research is underway into understanding potential threats, how chemicals could be used and their effects, monitoring, and assessing areas of vulnerability. "All systems and people including op
a five-part action plan the task force is working on:
erators, managers and consultants are
combatants,"
he
Mr. Mehan then outlined
1. Tools for utilities to use.
These include vulnerability assessment studies and emer
gency response plans. 2. Security training for man agers.
Tracy Mehan Bruce Babbitt 3. Develop secure informa tion systems. dent to endorse such initiatives as the 4. Improve the knowledge base about Florida Everglades restoration and the contaminants, modeling,treatability, etc. massive California Desert Protection 5. Improve communications with other Act. "President Clinton's appreciation government agencies and private organi of the outdoors did not extend beyond
said. "Security pro
zations.
the golf course," he said, adding that: "I
cedures should in
In his address to the conference, Bruce Babbitt, former US Interior Sec
got him interested by comparing his en vironmental legacy with Theodore
retary under the Clinton administration, stated: "By being here, you rebuke the
Roosevelt's!"
evils of terrorism." He then went on to
tions for the future. "Because the water
explain how he was able to get the Presi-
cycle is getting shorter, wastewater pro-
clude everything
By Steve Davey, Environmental Science &
Engineering Magazine
Mr. Babbitt then gave some predic
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For more information, circle reply card No. 121 (See page 25)
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Conference Report fessionals must become watershed man
agers," he said. He believes that the move to set
ambient instead of point source water standards and Total Maximum Daily Loads, will lead to zero discharge limits for wastewater treatment plants. This has already happened in Lake Tahoe, Nevada, and Malibu Creek in California.
According to Mr. Babbitt,in the Gulf of Mexico there is a 7,000 square mile hypoxic "dead" zone. He believes this in itself will lead to legislated nutrient reductions in the 24 states that are in the
Mississippi River watershed. This means that all dischargers,including ag riculture, will have to begin bargaining about their obligations to meet ambient standards. There will be no distinction
between point and non-point sources. It also means that new development will not be able to alter the hydrograph, i.e. flow and quality in the area. Mr. Babbitt warned that the move to
ambient water quality standards and TMDLs will mean that pollution reduc tion will become a political process, and not necessarily a technical process. WEF addressed the concern for
the vulnerability of water systems to ter rorism, by adding two sessions to the program.
Rob Penner, AWWA Deputy Execu tive Director, explained that most bio logical threats can be treated by the sys tems already in place. Managers must also be prepared for other situations such as vandalism and false threats, which
can cause as much panic as a real threat. "Take care of your system's vulnerabil
ity and strengthen communication with public health officials," he said, adding that,"everything going on is really more of a perceived threat than a real threat." Mr.Penner said that AWWA is work
ing on a new protected web site to help educate the industry on system security as well as conducting a series of'by in vitation only' seminars.
llr
Allan Rose, a Vice-President of Black & Veatch, said that utilities need
to test their systems, define the nature of potential threats and then develop effective countermeasures. "View your system as a series of targets.... Don't pro vide the weapon. You have already given them the delivery method," he said. He stressed the importance of knowing your vendors and personnel. Also, utilities should make sure their
public relations staff are capable of deal ing with media questions.
Saturday Evening Gala. Bill Borlase, City of Winnipeg, and Peter Nicoi of CH2M HILL Canada, helped organize the Saturday Evening Gala at WEFTEC 2001 (for merly the Great Canadian Icebreaker). The event attracted some 170 Canadian and 650 American guests. Top photo: Matt Kuzma, US Filter (left), with Brad Hussack, Aiberta Mequipco Ltd., and Pat Given of Associated Engineering. Middle photo: Deborah Ross and AhtoAsu of KMK Consultants, with Brian Evans (back ground)and Kaye Beaier from Texas. Bottom photo: Steve Davey, Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine (left), with Scott Lenhardt, Steve Low, Teresa Volsin and Lee Ahenakew ofZenon Environmental.
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
59
Wastewater Treatment
Oxidation system certified by Caiifornia EPA for treatment of secondary wastewater
The California Environmental
Protection Agency(CALEPA) has certified the performance of EnvirOzone Technologies, Inc.'s Advanced Oxidation System in
treating effluent from the secondary clarifiers of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. This certification is based on the pilot study performed at
East Bay Municipal Utility District's (EBMUD)Wastewater Treatment Plant in Oakland, California, in 1998 and
1999. The(US)1,000-gallon per minute (GPM) system consists of four skidmounted modules designed to treat sec
ondary effluent to any desired degree of purity.
Using a combination of processes in corporating ozone, UV radiation, and
recirculation to treat influent supplied to the plant, the system provides deodorization, colour removal and oxidation of
organic chemicals in addition to the pri mary objective of disinfection. The pi lot plant, which occupies only 1,600 square feet, is said to be the first of its kind to be tested in real world conditions. EBMUD Board of Directors elected
to do an Alternative Disinfection Study (ADS)in 1996. This study was prompt ed by concerns about risks with transpor tation, storage and handling of chlorine gas and sulphur dioxide used in disinfec tion. Eurther, EBMUD was concerned about increased costs of disinfection and
the possible generation of halogenated disinfection by-products(DBPs). CALEPA Certificate number 01-03001 states that the Patented Advanced
Oxidation System (Model EOT-AOX 1000) from EnvirOzone Technologies, Inc. reduces, with 95% confidence in terval, fecal coliform levels in munici
pal secondary treated wastewater efflu ent to less than 23 MPN/100 ml. This
performance certificate is based upon the findings in a State Water Resources Control Board staff report titled Evalu
ation of the EnvirOzone Technologies, Inc. Advanced Oxidation System Model EOT-AOX 1000, dated January 2001. This same system is now being op erated at Sacramento Regional County By Rafi M. Salem, Frank Stuart, and Colleen Henry, EnvirOzone Technologies, Inc.
EnvirOzone 1000-GPM Advanced Oxidation Plant at wastewater treatment facility. Sanitation District's municipal wastewater treatment plant at Elk Grove,Cali
fornia, to evaluate performance with much more stringent discharge restric
is 1000 GPM. Three water-cooled
wash has been added to remove parti-
ozone generators with a combined ca pacity of 261 lbs/day at 10% concentra
culate material that shields the bacteria
tion supplied ozone. The existing oxy
from exposure to ozone and UV light. Initial test results are very promising.
gen plant provided feed to the ozone generators. Under normal operating conditions, two ozone generators were used while the third was on stand-by. Ozone rich gas (up to 15% concen
tions. A multi-media filter with back
This system seems ideal for water reuse under California's Department of Health Services Title 22 provisions. A water utility using this system could evaluate and "tweak" operations designed to pro vide high quality recycled water. System and process overview
tration) enters the water stream via two
in-line Mazzei injectors that draw the ozone into the stream through a vacuum created by the venturi effect. Micro-
bubbles of ozone provide a large surface area for gas to liquid transfer. Ozone EBMUD's secondary effluent and to re dissolved in the liquid was retained in duce the concentration of complex or the mixing tank for about a minute and ganic compounds commonly found in a half, allowing oxidation to take place. municipal and industrial sewage with (Oxidation by ozone is a very rapid re out the use of any additional chemicals. action, in general.) The pilot plant can operate at vari Excess gases are removed in the ous pressures, flow rates, ozone contact degassing unit and sent to the off gas times,ozone(gas)concentrations,ozone destruct unit. The ozone-laden liquid The Advanced Oxidation Process Pilot Plant was utilized to disinfect
doses and UV doses in order to evalu
enters the 10,000-gallon retention tanks
ate the efficiency and effectiveness of
for additional time for oxidation of re
the ozone and UV processes. By-pass and recirculation capability was incor
calcitrant organic compounds. The con tact time can be adjusted between 2 and 27 minutes based on the complexity of
porated to provide additional operational flexibility. A booster pump was included to increase inlet pressure to 80 pounds per square inch (psi)or for recirculation, if desired.
Approximately 800 GPM of second 60
ary effluent, prior to the addition of chlo rine, was supplied to the pilot plant at 50-65 psi although the design flow rate
the influent wastewater and calculated
oxidation requirements. The oxidation process also increases transmittance (lowers turbidity) of the stream, mak ing the UV system more efficient.
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Wastewater Treatment
After passing through the retention tanks the effluent flows through either a low-pressure U V unit or a medium pres sure UV unit. UV lamps were separated from direct contact with the water by quartz sleeves that are cleaned periodi cally by automatic wipers. Combining ozone and UV provided the means to produce hydroxyl radicals, which greatly enhances the oxidation potential of the system and the ability to inacti vate resistant pathogens,such as Ciyptosporidium. The pilot plant was equipped with dual UV systems to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of each. In a commercial operation one or the other UV system would be used. Instruments are located throughout the system to measure pressures,flows, temperature and ozone concentration. Sampling ports were installed at critical points in the process train. Analyzer, alarms and instruments were installed
to ensure safe operation. Pilot test overview
Pilot testing protocol was divided into five phases. A Preliminary Phase was designed to obtain data from a wide variety of tests. The tests included fecal coliform, UV transmittance, Chemical
municipal secondary wastewater. Ta ble 1 is representative of the success of the Advanced Oxidation Process in deal
ing with fecal coliform and organic com pounds. Fecal Coliform: the system consist ently performed to the requirements of EBMUD's discharge limits or better, often allowing discharges of less than 10% of the limit.
Phase One was designed to evaluate the impacts of ozone dose (5-20 mg/L) and retention time(2-27 minutes). Phase
Economic Considerations The economics of the EnvirOzone's
process and system are determined by the quality of the effluent desired and the cost of energy at the site. Based on the EBMUD pilot test, the total operat ing cost, including capital cost, labour, utilities and maintenance, for a system for the treatment of the total plant capacity of 55,000 GPM, would be $0.07/1000 gallons. (The cost of power and oxygen at this plant are $0,042 per kw-hr and $25 per ton.) The benefits of the combination of
the valuable oxidation properties of ozone and the potent disinfection prop erties of ultraviolet radiation are nota
ble in today's environmentally conscious world. The ability to combine this sys tem with other water processes such as Reverse Osmosis, Activated Charcoal
ess, in this case, from 10 GPM to 1,000
and various forms of filtration adds to
GPM was proved in a real world experi ment in a municipal environment. The flexibility of the system with its ability
the list of beneficial applications of the
Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrite, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Volatile Or ganic Compounds(VOC),Semi-VOCs and Pesticides. A special study was con ducted to determine the system's effec tiveness on the removal of MtBE.
This was accom
plished without the introduction of chemicals and without producing harm ful disinfection by-products. Organic Compounds: the system had significant impact reducing 12 of the or ganic compounds detectable in the pilot plant influent. In one test when the sys tem was put into a recirculation mode, MtBE was reduced by nearly 70% after three passes. The concentration ofsome benign biodegradable compounds was increased. These are intermediate by products of the oxidation process. Overall Performance: stated simply, the system performance exceeded ex pectations. The scalability of the proc
to operate in various modes would al low it to meet the treatment require ments of a broad spectrum of urban or suburban municipal, agricultural and industrial settings.
Advanced Oxidation Process.
Circle reply card No. 145
ACIDIC WASTEWATER
KEEP IT IN NEUTRAL
Two focused on the effects of UV dose
(30-150 mj/cm-). Phase Three evaluated different ozone gas concentrations(7%10%)and UV influent pressures(15 and 20 psi). Phase Four measured the effec tiveness ofthe system operating on a con tinuous basis at conditions that had been
determined to be optimal - 10 ppm of
PURE, SIMPLE, INNOVATIVE
ozone at 7% concentration and UV in
fluent pressure of 15 psi. The following summarizes the over all success of the system in dealing with Table 1: Percent Reduction
Ozone = 15 ppm
FLOW-THROUGH ACIDIC WASTEWATER
NEUTRALIZING SYSTEM
Eliminates conventional feed tanks, metering pumps, mixers, etc. • Completely safe for personnel and the environment
Treatment Time = 2 minutes Fecal Coliform
99.999%
2, 4, 6 Triclorophenol
71%
Carbon Disulfide
69%
MtBE
29%
Tetrachloroethene
32%
Toluene
81%
Trichloroethene
54%
1, 4-Dlchlorobenzene
64%
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
• Trouble-free operation and low maintenance
• Dramatically reduces capital and operating costs
PHIKl
L
f
by GREEN TURTLE TECHNOLOGIES V For more information or a free wastewater analysis visit www.phix.ca TEL 416.966.9400 INFO LINE 1.877.966.9444 EMAIL info@phlx.ca
For more information, circle reply card No. 185 (See page 25)
61
PCB Site Remediation
Engineering feasibiiity studies for remediation of a PCB contaminated site
PCB contamination of a site in
Smithville, Ontario, occurred
between 1979 and 1985. Origi nally an industrial waste trans fer facility, the site became a storage facility for wastes such as transformer fluids containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorobenzenes and mineral spirits. When PCB contamina tion was discovered in the lagoon area in 1985, the Ontario Ministry of the En vironment (MOB) began a site decommissioning and remediation pro
1991 to 1992,PCB wastes and contami nated soil beneath the lagoon area were incinerated in Phase III.
When contamination was discovered
in the bedrock groundwater in 1987,the Ontario government installed a pump and treat system to contain the dissolved phase plume. The system has worked effectively since it was installed in 1989; however, the rate of Dense Non-Aque ous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) removal from the bedrock is very low. A recent detailed assessment of the
gram. Since 1998, a team of Acres &
PCB DNAPL extent in the bedrock has
Associated Environmental Limited/
indicated that the DNAPL source zone
Acres International Limited (A&A/
is within an area approximately 200
Acres) and specialist subconsultants have been involved in feasibility stud ies for the clean-up. Phases I and II of the four-phase pro gram were completed between 1985 and 1987. These phases secured the wastes from the environment and provided a secure on-site storage facility. From
metres wide in an east-west direction,
and 250 metres long, north-south, along the direction of groundwater flow. The DNAPL extends to at least 11 metres be
low the ground surface and possibly as deep as 23 metres. The fourth and continuing phase is
nants in the bedrock beneath the site.
The objective of the Smithville Phase IV Bedrock Remediation Program,begun in 1993, is to recommend to the MOE costeffective, long-term alternatives for con tainment and remediation of the remain
ing DNAPL in the bedrock and groundwater beneath the site. In 1997, the Program Board of Directors selected nine remediation alternatives including: • Natural-Attenuation Alternative - monitored natural attenuation
(MNA) • Mass Removal Alternatives - excavation and ex situ treatment - thermal wells
• Migration Control - ground freezing - hydromill excavating - .secant piling - permeation grouting - extraction wells
- integrated permeation grouting and extraction wells.
focused on the remediation of contami
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For more information, circle reply card No. 146 (See page 25)
PCB Site Remediation
In a two-stage approach, the engi neering team prepared a Common De sign Basis Report,then Design Descrip tions. The first task facing the engineer ing team was to consider the site con ceptual model developed by scientists
m
and other consultants and ensure that it
was sufficient for engineering purposes.
The primary focus of the Common De sign Basis was to present information on the geology, hydrogeology, freephase DNAPL contamination, aqueousphase contamination and potential receptors, sufficient for engineering fea sibility studies. The purpose of the De sign Descriptions was to provide tech nical and financial information to allow
a comparison of the various alternatives. For each alternative, unit operation dia grams illustrating implementation steps, an implementation schedule,technology experience, operational life of the sys tem, monitoring requirements and costs were prepared. Optimization studies were carried out by A&A/Acres for three of the alterna tives (MNA, permeation grouting and extraction wells), which included com parison of integrated engineering, con taminant transport modelling and site-
When PCB contamination was discovered in the lagoon area in 1985, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment(MOE)began a site decommissioning and remediation program.
specific risk assessment data for the al ternatives. Critical items with respect
the cost for an alternative.
The Board will prepare a report on their findings and recommendations on
to contaminant concentrations at re
ceptor locations, technical confidence and potential modifications to the alter
preferred alternatives for the future man
natives were identified. The purpose of the optimization process was to increase
agement of the Smith ville site in the Fall of 2001.
For more information,
the technical confidence and/or reduce
circle reply card No. 148
"WORK SAFELY"
IN A CONFINED SPACE Lumldor Safety Products has farmed a Rental Division for portable gas monitors to be used for confined space entry. The monitors are user friendly, simple to operate (one button
operation) and able to monitor/alarm up to five gases simul taneously. An internal sampling pump, rechargeable battery or alkaline batteries, sampling hose with water trap, CSA approvals, training video, etc. are standard features. Please contact us at 905-474-1474 or fax us at 905-474-1740
to provide assistance and further discuss your specific requirements.
Lumidor Safety Products(Canada) 3075 14th Avenue, Unit #5 Markham, Ontario L3R 0G9
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
For more information, circle reply card No. 149 (See page 25)
63
Oceanography
El Nino impacts bioiogicai production across entire Pacific Ocean
The large scale phenomenon
ft »iii \rY'i '1
known as El Nino has a strong
influence on weather,rainfall,
Sr rSVlt » 'A » - fl
and ocean physics on a plan etary scale. Now a new study by scien tists from Dalhousie University, the US National Oceanographic and Atmos pheric Administration(NOAA),and the University of Maryland, demonstrates that complex atmospheric-ocean inter actions associated with El Nino/South
ern Oscillation(ENSO)also have a large
impact on the biological productivity and export of organic carbon from the tropical Pacific region. The work is based on a unique combination of ship, buoy and satellite observations in the tropical Pacific, which were published
The ocean contains 50 times more CO^ than the atmosphere.
in Science, on July 19.
a distance of over 12,000 kilometres,"
matically increased, while in the west it
said Dr. Daniela Turk, Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, lead author of the study. "This results in changes in the availability of nutri ents that fuel the growth of the phytoplankton, the base of the marine food chain, and consequently large-scale changes in the biological productivity of this region." Biological productivity is directly responsible for marine fisheries, and for the export of organic carbon from the surface to deep waters and sediments. This export has implications for climate as well. For example, only about half of the carbon released in the atmosphere through human activities remains in the atmosphere, while the rest ends up in the ocean, or in plants and soils on land. The ocean contains 50 times more CO, than the atmosphere, and the vast tropi cal Pacific is thought to be responsible for 10 to 55 percent of the export of or ganic carbon from the entire world's oceans. In addition,interannual changes in global carbon sequestration associ ated with El Nino/La Nina cycle con tribute to the largest known natural yearto-year perturbation of the global car bon cycle. During El Nino, much of the Pacific Ocean's capacity to take up and store carbon by biological processes is de
is diminished. The net basin-scale ef
"The wave-like nature of ENSO
sloshes large volumes of water back and forth across the entire equatorial Pacific,
By Dr. Daniela Turk, Dalhousie University
Oniario
The RotoFix™ is an advanced second
ary treatment unit for domestic and in dustrial wastewater. It is located down
stream of the primary treatment system (septic tank). The heart of the RotoFix''''^ is composed of tubular patented medium consisting of multiple internal wings which provide a large contact surface per volume unit. Many sections of the me dium are assembled around a central axle
and held in place by stainless steel or polymer braces forming the rotors of the RotoFix™. These rotors, placed in a ba sin containing the wastewater to be treated, are activated by a low-power mo tor and belt. Ecoflo Ontario
For more information, circle reply card No. 150 64
creased in the eastern Pacific, but com
pensated to some extent by increases in the west. During La Nina period, the opposite phase of the oscillation, bio logical productivity of the east is dra-
fect was to decrease the export of car bon to the deep ocean by 30 percent during 1997-98 El Nino and to increase it by 40 percent during 1998-99 La Nina. The conclusions are a direct result of
the availability of a combination of high precision observations of the surface of the ocean from satellite, and observa
tions of the ocean interior from buoys and ships. "The measurements of the height of the sea surface from the Topex/ Poseidon satellite altimeter provide a large scale view of the dynamics of the interior of the ocean when combined with subsurface measurements of tem
perature and other variables from bu oys," said Dr. Turk. The Topex/Poseidon sensor built by NASA and the Centre National d'Etudes
Spatiales(CNES,France),is a radar that is capable of measuring the height of the sea surface to an accuracy of 2 cm from a distance of over 700 km. The buoy observations were taken from the Tropi cal Ocean Atmosphere(TAG)amay built and operated under the leadership of NOAA. This array consists of over 70 automated data collection buoys in stalled across the tropical Pacific,which provide ocean and weather information on a routine basis. The combination of
data provides an unprecedented basinscale perspective on the net effects of El Nino on biological productivity of the tropical oceans. Contact Dr. Turk, (902) 494-2167, E-mail; neli@raptor.ocean.dal.ca.
EnviroiuiieiUal Science & Engineering, November 2001
Literature Review For information on advertising in this section oaii ES&Eat(905)727-4666,
TED PIP
Urecon pre-insulated pipe
Hazardous materials
Urecon pre-insulated pipe has been used across Canada for shallow bury freeze protection since 1972(with or without Thermocable® heat tracing). Other applications Include: central chilled water pipe, Industrial, mining, etc. We also distribute Logstor Ror (Denmark) pre-insulated hot water district heating pipe suitable for serv ice up to 140'C (with or without ieak aiarm system). Visit our web page
storage Chem-Loc Buildings are uniquely designed and manufactured by MakLoc Buildings Inc. to provide safety, security, segrega
at: www.urecon.com.
Urecon Ltd.
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Leister welding machines for geomembranes Our Leister iine of automatic wedge
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weiders, combiwedge machines and hand tools are used in a wide variety of geomembrane appiications where the precise welding control is re quired as part of the seaming proc ess. Our products provide excelient fieid performance and superior reli ability. Tei: (905) 828-1400, Fax: (905)828-1056, wvwv.stanmech.com STANMECH Technologies Inc. Circle reply card No. 177
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Maintenance ■)
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Management AilMax Task Manager (ATM) is a maintenance data management pro gram designed for any maintenance manager. Schedule preventive and corrective maintenance tasks; create purchase and work orders; track maintenance costs and inventory lev els, plus more. A multitude of reports such as Cost Reports, Work Order Forecast Reports, Summary Reports and Current Inventory Reports are in cluded with the program. Web site: www.operator10.com AIIMax Professional Solutions Inc.
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Alternate daily cover
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Membrane technology for
Controlling contaminated groundwater
Industrial wastewater ZENON's ZenoGem® bioreactor
system can retrofit any existing wastewater treatment facility, im mediately increasing capacity by up to four times. The system in corporates immersed membrane technology, which assures blomass retention, resulting in a high quality effluent, suitable for direct reuse or discharge. ZENON Environmental Inc.
Circle reply card No. 181
Waterloo Barrier is a low permeabil ity cutoff wall for groundwater con tainment and control.
It is a new
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Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
65
Biosolids Management
New truck loading and odour control facilities at Ashbrldges Bay treatment plant
In spring 2001,the City ofToronto
commissioned its new state-of-the-
art truck loading and odour con trol facilities, the first of three de sign-build projects initiated by the City
as part of its move to beneficial use of biosolids and termination of biosolids incineration.
been used as a heat source for the treat
veyance system;
ment plant and for foul air combustion, alternatives for heating and for treatment
3) a fully automated truck loading fa cility; and 4) a highly-efficient odour control sys tem with sufficient redundancy for the new biosolids storage and truck loading facilities, and existing odorous air
of odorous air streams from the exist
ing and new biosolids management facilities would be required after shut ting down the incinerators. Implementation of the program
program
The City ofToronto owns and operates the Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant(ABTP),
an 818,000 mVday secondary treatment wastewater treat
ment facility bounded by residential, recreational and commercial areas and Lake
Ontario. Primary and sec ondary sludges removed at the ABTP are anaerobically digested and dewatered us ing horizontal centrifuges, generating approximately 50,000 dry tonnes annually of dewatered biosolids, with a solids concentration in the
range of 25-30 percent; most of this was incinerated.
twelve weeks and included
reviews of various options, development of conceptual designs,outlining design cri teria and performance re quirements, process and air flow diagrams, site layout, building and major equip ment and piping layouts, and development of component specifications. The prepara tion of the conceptual de signs, and review of avail able options provided valu able opportunity for input from the City, allowing staff View of the entrance to the truck loading facility showing the truck to define minimum quality entry doors with traffic lights indicating which bay (green) is full requirements. These early and ready to receive trucks.
In the Fall of 1998, the City decided that incineration was no longer an ac ceptable method of biosolids disposal,
considerations would allow
would involve three projects having a
the contractor selected to focus efforts
total construction value of $85 million.
on a scheme that had already been re viewed by the City. The conceptual design phase ad dressed space constraints, the require ment to provide a minimum offour days of biosolids storage (approximately
sified as beneficial. Various biosolids
These were a dryer/pelletizer facility, truck loading and odour control facili ties, and a plant-wide heating system. The City set an ambitious time limit
and embarked on a search for alterna
tive disposal methods that could be clas beneficial use alternatives were investi
to achieve the shut-down ofincineration,
gated, including alkaline stabilization, direct application of dewatered product to agricultural land, composting, and pelletization. With the active participa tion of the public through a Biosolids Multi-Stakeholder Committee, two op tions were selected for implementation - application to agricultural land and pelletization. These two options would provide the City ofToronto with a more diverse pro gram, giving greater flexibility for bio solids beneficial use, and,consequently,
allowing some 27 months for planning, bid document preparation, bid periods, evaluation, negotiation, award, detailed design, construction and commission ing. In view of this, a design-build project delivery method was chosen. Conceptual designs for the loading and heating projects were developed by the consulting team, led by R.V. Anderson
an end to incineration at the ABTP.
In many respects, the truck loading and odour control facilities project proved to be the most challenging of the three Toronto biosolids projects. The objectives of the project were to provide the City of Toronto with: 1) 4-days biosolids storage capacity;
However, because the incinerators have
By Vincent Nazareth and Valera Saknenko, R.V. Anderson Associates and
Kiyoshi Oka and John Bryson, City of Toronto 66
streams.
Preparation of RFP docu mentation was required in
Biosolids beneficial use
Associates Limited, with Brown &
Caldwell assisting. New truck loading and odour control facilities
2) a flexible and reliable biosolids con
2000 m-^), biosolids conveyance, strin gent odour control requirements and the need to minimize inteiTuptions to plant operation. Many of the outwardly suit able options would have exceeded limi tations in relation to the maximum dis
tance for biosolids conveyance by pumping. It was eventually decided to split the biosolids storage, providing intermedi ate 1200 m' bulk storage in three bio
solids storage silos, and 800 m'of bio solids storage in four truck-loading hop pers located directly above the loading bays. After reviewing over a dozen pos sible options, the most favorable solu tion was to construct three of the new
silos in the space used by the three ex isting incinerators. This resulted not only in the reuse of the existing build ing but also existing piled foundations.
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
Biosolids Management thereby saving construction time and money.
After considering the use of hydraulically driven reciprocating piston pumps (HDRPP), belt conveyors or screw con veyors, a system utilizing three HDRP pumps was selected as the best option for biosolids conveyance because of its ease of operation, maximum operational flex ibility, reduced space requirements, and containment of odours. The pumps were located in the basement of the silo build
ing directly beneath each silo. In order to reduce friction in the cake piping, a lubrication system utilizing water or a water-polymer mix was added to the conceptual design. The new truck loading facility is de signed to be an unmanned, fully auto matic facility consisting of two truck bays, able to load trucks of any configu ration, within a maximum period of 15 minutes from arrival at the facility. Each truck bay is equipped with two hoppers, and a weigh scale that allows weighing of the truck during the loading process. The loading facility, with a drivethrough configuration, requires loading to be completed with tmck-access doors
closed, to prevent release of odours to the atmosphere. Odour control of paramount importance Since the incinerators were to be shut
down, an alternative method of odour
control was required to treat emissions from the existing and new sludge man agement facilities. At the RFP preparation stage,foul air sources were sampled and analyzed for contaminants. Available technologies were evaluated and, based on the con
taminant gases present, a conceptual odour control system was developed. The concept included three-stage treat ment, consisting of two wet scrubbing stages(allowing use of different chemi cals and redundancy), followed by biofiltration. Biofiltration was selected
for treatment of the organic sulphides, based on lower life-cycle costs and suc cessful history in treating sludge odours. The overall capacity of the odour con trol facility is 20,000 L/s. Design, construction and commissioning The consulting team developed a detailed evaluation protocol requiring
four independent reviewers (two from the consultants and two from the City). Technical proposals were independently scored and subsequently price propos als were opened, scored and the com bined scores calculated. ICON Systems Limited(now Earth Tech(Canada)Inc.) was the successful proponent.
ICON developed the design further, constructed and commissioned the
facilities. Among the major changes to the conceptual design were the use of sliding frames for the biosolids storage silos and 'attaching' the odour control and truck loading buildings, which were adjacent structures. The commissioning of the facilities was almost flawless due to the consid
erable effort of the entire project team during factory acceptance testing. Dur ing a 30-day performance testing period, the contractor's staff operated the facili ties with no significant interruption. The project was turned over to the City of Toronto on April 20, 2001, some 27 months after the initiation of the con
ceptual design process. For more information,
circle reply card No. 152
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For more information, circle reply card No. 154 (See page 25)
Pulp & Paper
Kuan Yuan paper mill In Taiwan cares for the environment
Taiwanese industries have,for
the past 50 years, been con centrating on developing production and economic growth. This has led to a transforma tion of the society, but some issues, like environmental ones, have not attracted
the same amount of attention during this
period. This development forced the Taiwanese government to regulate in dustrial effluent treatment, and these
days the companies have a new aware ness of the importance of a balance be tween economic growth and environ mental protection. Environmental protection At the Kuan Yuan paper mill, in Taiwan, a lot of effort was put into building an effective wastewater system when their mill in Taichung was built in 1984. Many other plants have learned from their example. "Principally,enough space is the rule
of thumb for good effluent treatment," says the vice president of the mill, David Hsieh. "The total area of Kuan Yuan's
effluent treatment plant is almost one
wastewater and water treatment. Thanks
to optimum aeration, no chemical treat ment (e.g. chemical precipitation for removing residual chemicals)is needed
third of the mill area."
after bio treatment. The ABS aerators
Efficient treatment process All the reject from the cleaner plants and the screening plants is treated with
give the pre-treated effluent the opti mum COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biochemical Oxygen De
separate thickening, filtering and de-
mand). The Taichung mill produces an aver
watering equipment. The polymer mix ing and flocculent system was tailor-
made by ABS,using SCABAÂŽ agitators which mix the raw effluent with poly mer to obtain optimum flocculation. The agitation gives very good pre-sedimentation; suspended solids after presedimentation are reported at less than 30 mg/1. No chemicals needed
Kuan Yuan has,in the past few years,
age of420 tonnes per day of coated du plex board. Raw materials used are 50% local waste paper and 50% European and American waste paper. National awards
The efforts have paid off. "Today, the wastewater from Kuan Yuan's efflu
ent plant is clean enough for raising carp!" David Hsieh adds. As a confir mation of its progress, Kuan Yuan Mfg.
installed 21 ABS TA aerators in its ef
has received several national awards
fluent treatment plant. The TA is a selfaspirating submersible aerator for
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For more information, circle reply card No. 155 (See page 25)
For more information, circle reply card No. 156 (See page 25)
O.
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Andre Leger, Ondeo Degremont Ltd's CEO, is proud to introduce :
Marco Bosisio, Vice-President, Sales and Marketing Holder of a bachelor's degree in microbiology and a master's degree in civil engineering, Marco Bosisio has been working in the water treatment field for over 15 years. After working for 5 years with one of our major competitors, Marco Bosisio has chosen to come back to Ondeo Degremont's dynamic team, and will bring his expertise in understanding the specific needs of our clients.
Robert Jacob, Vice-President Operations With a bachelor's degree in civil engineering, an MBA, and over 20 years of experience with the Pomerleau group among others, Robert Jacob has become a well-known specialist in the management of largescale construction projects. Our clients will thus benefit from the quality of his approach and his expertise in project management.
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I acquired an in-depth knowledge of available equipment and current
I regulations. Our clients will benefit from his understanding of new challenges in water treatment throughout the country.
Bruce Webster, Director,
Industrial m'arket development. Western Canada Holder of a master's degree in environmental engineering, Bruce Webster has been working in virtually every field of water treatment for
more than 20 years (16 of which in the industrial sector for Ondeo Naico). Our industrial clients of the western provinces will appreciate his expertise and understanding of industrial constraints.
1375 TransCanada Highway, #400, Dorval (Qc) H9P 2W8 Telephone:(514)683-1200 Fax:(514)683-1203 htpp://www.ondeo-degremont.ca
For more information, circle reply card No. 157(See page 25)
-ii
Biosolids Management
Biosolids research and demonstration field trials in Southern Ontario
Each year in Ontario, Azurix
North America's (ANA)
(SCIA);the Federation of Agriculture; the
biosolids program applies
Ministries of Environ
over 1 million cubic metres of
liquid and 200,000 tonnes of solid ma terial on over 25,000 acres.
Farmers across the province and their respective associations vigorously and proactively support the use of biosolids recycling on farmland and also the need for practical, beneficial on-farm bio
ment, Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, and Health; munici
palities; the University of Guelph and the pub lic at large in an effort to build confidence in
these land application
solids research.
programs.
The Azurix Residuals Management team actively promotes and encourages
projects and research
Demonstration
on-farm research and demonstration
initiatives include;
field trails at the local level, in co-op eration with various government agen
• Global Positioning Satellite System and Flowmeter Project. Drag Hose Injection System. Accurately displays and records the flow Fall application of biosolids. of liquid biosolids as well as the GPS • Soil Phosphorus and Metals Study. coordinates of the location. Measures the effects of biosolids appli •Nitrogen Credit Project. Measures the cation on soil and crop phosphorus and quantity of ammonium and nitrate ni metals levels. trogen residue in the spring following a •Environmental Farm Plan. ANA staff
cies and academic institutions.
Qualified staff work closely with: the Soil and Crop Improvement Association
By Phil Sidhwa, Azurix North America
experts teach this provincial course on
COUNTY OF OXFORD
farm use of chemicals and fertilizers to farmers.
requires a
• Biosolids vs. Commercial Fertilizer
Plot. Compares yields on plots treated
Director of Public Works
with biosolids and commercial fertil izers.
The County of Oxford, with a population of 97,000 and an operating budget of $100 million, is located in South Western Ontario. As a result of retirement, we
are seeking a Director of Public Works to direct and manage the County's Pub lic Works Department in accordance with policies established by Council; meet the County's statutory obligations with respect to County roads and bridges, solid waste management, wastewater collection and disposal, water supply and distribution, and public buildings. Minimum Qualifications: Degree in Civil Engineering and membership in the Association of Professional Engineers of Ontario; ten years' broad experience in design, construction, operation and maintenance of public works facilities; keen administrative, organizational, managerial and communication skills with the ability to interpret and communicate technical infonnation in an understand
• Halton Conseiyation Club. Measures
yields' differences following biosolids use under various conservation tillage systems. Ontario's Golden Horseshoe SCIA,
including the counties of Niagara, Ham ilton, Haldimand, Norfolk, Brant,
Halton and Peel, with a population of 2.5 million, is currently involved in a three year biosolids research project to measure the qualitative and quantitative effects of biosolids on agriculture nad the environment.
Azurix North America is sponsoring
able manner.
this research with a commitment of
$15,000. Dr. Mel Webber, a soil scien tist and researcher working with ANA, will be conducting surface and ground-
Resumes to be forwarded by 4:00 p.m., November 30,2001, to: County of Oxford, Human Resources Office, P.O. Box 397, 415 Hunter St., WOODSTOCK ON N4S 7Y3 Fax #(519)537-3024 E-mail: hr@county.oxford.on.ca Web Site: www.county.oxford.on.ca
water studies to monitor metals, nitrate
and bacterial movement through the soil profile. ANA is an industry representative for
Receipt ofpersonal information is acknowledged and will be retainedfor six months in confidence, but only those selectedfor interviews will be contacted personally. 70
the Provincial Biosolids Utilization Committee and the Water Environment Association of Ontario.
Environmental Science & Engineering, November 2001
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Control Effluent Nitrogen and Mixed Liquor Alkalinity The Carrousel® denitIR® System with Integral Anoxic Reactor For wastewater treatment applications where strict nitrogen effluent limits, high influent nitrogen, or low influent alkalinity require denitrification, EIMCO denit/i? Systems offer an elegantly simple solution. The modified Carrousel basin shown here features an integral anoxic reactor where nitrates are biologically reduced and alkalinity restored in a single-basin system without recycle pumps or piping.
denit//? System Description 1. Denitrification Zone Screened, degritted wastewater and return activated sludge contact nitrate-rich, anoxic flow from the Carrousel basin. The combination of a dense biomass,
nitrates and an abundant carbon source(BOD)under anoxic conditions creates
the ideal environment for high rate denitrification. Alkalinity is restored along with much of the oxygen previously bound in nitrates. INFLUENT
Aerator
i,
AEROBIC
2, DISSOLVED OXVG
denit//? System
Mixer
R.A.S.
Control Gate
EFFLUENT
with In-Basin Denitrification: 2. Aerobic Zone
C Oxidize Carbonaceous BOD,
The proven Carrousel System achieves efficient oxidation of BOD and complete nitrification. Carrousel System design allows aerator power draw to be reduced by more than 50% without loss of mixing. Oxygen transfer can thus be adjusted so that the mixed liquor reaches an anoxic condition before passing the denitrification zone diversion gate.
Ammonia and Organic Nitrogen C> Denitrify(Reduce)Nitrate Nitrogen Ci Restore Alkalinity
3. Anoxic Flow Control Gate
C Recover Chemically Bound Oxygen,
Nitrate recycle rate is easily controlled by an adjustable gate on the denitIR wall which controls flow into the by-pass channel. This by-pass directs a portion of the main channel flow to the anoxic zone. Carrousel System aerators provide all necessary circulation.
Reducing Aeration Power Usage C Reduce or Eliminate Alkali Addition
A Proven Team ofSpecialists that have the Capabiliti/ to Handle ALL of your Process Needs
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For more information, circle reply card No. 123
Process Equipment Company A Baker Hughes company
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