European policy framework & market development for renewable energy Christine Lins European Small Hydropower Association European Renewable Energy Council 5th Thematic Network Workshop on Small Hydropower Lausanne, 30th June 2005
ESHA – European Small Hydropower Association • Non-profit Organisation, founded 1989 • Headquarters in Renewable Energy House in Brussels • Members in mostly all EU countries and worldwide – – – –
National SHP associations SHP industry (manufacturers, etc.) Scientific community Individual members
• Founding member of EREC, the European Renewable Energy Council
ESHA‘s objectives • Promotion of SHP with an installed capacity up to 10 MW • Lobbying for SHP on European level (European Parliament, European Commission, etc.) • Information dissemination and awareness raising for SHP issues, e.g. – Thematic Network for SHP – HIDROENERGIA conferences
• Hidroenergia 2006: Scotland, 7-9 June 2006
The driving forces for a renewable energy policy ¾ Security of supply - independence from energy imports ¾ Protection of environment – including the necessity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ¾ Regional and local development ¾ Industrial development ¾ Employment
RES policy framework relevant for SHP RES White Paper (1997) ªTo double the share of renewable energy from 6% to 12% of gross energy consumption in Europe (EU-15) by 2010 ªFor small hydropower it means: 14 GW in 2010 of installed capacity. +4.500 MW regarding 9.500 MW installed in 1995 Green Paper on Security of Energy Supply (2000) RES Electricity Directive (2001) ª To establish a framework to increase the share of renewables electricity from 14% to 22% of gross electricity consumption by 2010 Water Framework Directive ª Ensure good ecological quality of riversystems
EU-25 primary energy consumption EU-25 primary energy consumption, 2002
Breakdown by renewable resource, 2002
Percent, 100%= 1676.9 Mtoe*
Percent, 100%= 94.9 Mtoe*
Renewables
Nuclear 15
Coal
18
Geothermal
6
Wind, Solar & Other
4 4
38
Oil
Hydro
27
65 23
Biomass Natural Gas * Mtoe = Metric tons of oil equivalent Source: DirectorateDirectorate-General Energy and Transport, Statistical Pocket Book 2004, available at: http://europa europa. .eu. htm http:// eu.int/ int/comm/ comm/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2004_en. dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2004_en.htm
EU-25 electricity generation EU-25 electricity generation, 2002 Percent, 100%= 3,018,000 GWh
Breakdown by renewable resource, 2002 Percent, 100%= 386,681 GWh
Oil & Other** Natural Gas
7
Solar & Other
Wind Renewables
13
9
Biomass
1
13
18
32 30
Nuclear
Coal ** Includes MSW Source: DirectorateDirectorate-General Energy and Transport, Statistical pocket book 2004, available at: http://europa htm http://europa..eu. eu.int/ int/comm/ comm/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2004_en. dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2004_en.htm
77
Hydro
The Market of Renewables (1990 – 2004)
Renewable Energy benefits 9 Europe is global leader in RES development 9 200.000 jobs in Europe already now 9 Annual turnover of 15 billion â‚Ź already now 9 Innovative Business Sector 9 Economic growth and regional development
et he rla nd C s yp ru s M al Es t a to Sl nia ov a H kia un D gar en y m Li ar th k ua ni Ire a la n Lu L d xe at v m ia bo Be urg lg iu G m re ec e
N
It a ly
Bu UK lg a Sl ria ov en i Tu a r k C ze P ey ch ol R an d ep ub Fi lic nl a Po nd rt R uga om l an Au ia s Sw tria e G de n er m an y Sp a Fr in an ce
th e
Installed Capacity (MW)
SHP installed capacity (MW)
2.500
2.000
1.500
1.000
500
0
Source: ESHA (2004)
Cumulative SHP installed capacity (MW) 9909
In s ta lle d c a p a c ity M W
10000 8000 6000 4000
822
608
2000 0
EU-15
EU-10New
CC
Market development- Potential 19645
22809
R e m a in in g S H P p o t e n t ia l G W h / y e a r
20000 15000 10000
4004
5000 0
EU-15
EU-10
CC
• The remaining economically feasible potential amounts to some 20 TWh/year in EU-15. • 26 TWh/year in the New Members States and CC, the majority of this mainly being located in Turkey (80 %).
Total Hydropower Potential by Continent 8000
Technical potential 7000
Economic potential Exploited potential
Output TWh/year
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Africa
Asia
Australasia/Oceania
Europe
North & Central America
South America
Cumulative Wind Energy Installed Capacity (MW) 50
GW 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
EUROPE
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.7
2.5
3.5
4.8
6.5
9.7
12.9
17.3
23.2
28.6 34.2
W ORLD
1.7
2.0
2.3
2.8
3.5
4.8
6.1
7.6
10.2
13.6
17.4
23.9
31.1
39.3 47.3
Source: EWEA (2004)
Top-10 Markets in the World (wind) 18000
2002
16000
2003
2004
14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000
Chin a P.R.
Ja pa n
UK
s Neth erlan d
Ita ly
Ind ia
ark De nm
US A
n Sp ai
ny
0
Ge rm a
MW
Cumulative Photovoltaic Installed Capacity (MWp) World
EU15
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 World EU15
1991 1992 1993
1994 1995 1996 1997
1998 1999 2000 2001
2002 2003
314
502
948
1150 1428 1829
2387 3151
128
392
371
432
580
669
795
188
284
562
Source: Eurec Agency, EPIA, Observ‘ Observ‘ER (2004)
Solar thermal installations
Solar Thermal Market in the EU MWth
m2
1.200 1.600.000 1.000
1.400.000 1.200.000
800
1.000.000 600
Solar Thermal Capacity kW th /1.000 capita
per 1.000 capita in 2003
800.000
2
m /1.000 capita
200
600.000
400
400.000 200
180
250
160
200.000
0
0 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
140
200
(Data for 2004 preliminary)
120 150
100 80
100
60 40
50
20 0
0 GR AT DE DK CH SE NL PT ES IT FR BE UK FI
IE
Source: ESTIF (2004)
Future challenges for SHP • Administrative barriers (difficulty to get licenses for new SHP development) • Stable & predictable support framework • Grid access • Compliance with Water Framework Directive – need for increased efforts in the field of environmental integration
Conclusions • SHP plays a vital role in today’s RES mix. • SHP has tangible economic, ecological and social benefits. • Stable policy framework crucial for any renewable energy/SHP development.
Futher information www.esha.be or contact us on christine.lins@esha.be