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European policy framework & market development for renewable energy Christine Lins European Small Hydropower Association European Renewable Energy Council 5th Thematic Network Workshop on Small Hydropower Lausanne, 30th June 2005

ESHA – European Small Hydropower Association • Non-profit Organisation, founded 1989 • Headquarters in Renewable Energy House in Brussels • Members in mostly all EU countries and worldwide – – – –

National SHP associations SHP industry (manufacturers, etc.)

Scientific community Individual members

• Founding member of EREC, the European Renewable Energy Council

ESHA‘s objectives • Promotion of SHP with an installed capacity up to 10 MW • Lobbying for SHP on European level (European Parliament, European Commission, etc.)

• Information dissemination and awareness raising for SHP issues, e.g.

– Thematic Network for SHP – HIDROENERGIA conferences

• Hidroenergia 2006: Scotland, 7-9 June 2006

The driving forces for a renewable energy policy ¾ Security of supply - independence from energy imports ¾ Protection of environment – including the necessity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ¾ Regional and local development ¾ Industrial development ¾ Employment

RES policy framework relevant for SHP RES White Paper (1997) ªTo double the share of renewable energy from 6% to 12% of gross energy consumption in Europe (EU-15) by 2010 ªFor small hydropower it means: 14 GW in 2010 of installed capacity. +4.500 MW regarding 9.500 MW installed in 1995 Green Paper on Security of Energy Supply (2000) RES Electricity Directive (2001) ª To establish a framework to increase the share of renewables electricity from 14% to 22% of gross electricity consumption by 2010 Water Framework Directive ª Ensure good ecological quality of riversystems

EU-25 primary energy consumption EU-25 primary energy consumption, 2002

Breakdown by renewable resource, 2002

Percent, 100%= 1676.9 Mtoe*

Percent, 100%= 94.9 Mtoe*

Renewables

Nuclear 15

Coal

18

Geothermal

6

Wind, Solar & Other

4 4

38

Oil

Hydro

27

65 23

Biomass Natural Gas * Mtoe = Metric tons of oil equivalent Source: DirectorateDirectorate-General Energy and Transport, Statistical Pocket Book 2004, available at: http://europa europa. .eu. htm http:// eu.int/ int/comm/ comm/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2004_en. dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2004_en.htm

EU-25 electricity generation EU-25 electricity generation, 2002 Percent, 100%= 3,018,000 GWh

Breakdown by renewable resource, 2002 Percent, 100%= 386,681 GWh

Oil & Other** Natural Gas

7

Solar & Other

Wind Renewables

13

9

Biomass

1

13

18

32 30

Nuclear

Coal ** Includes MSW Source: DirectorateDirectorate-General Energy and Transport, Statistical pocket book 2004, available at: http://europa htm http://europa..eu. eu.int/ int/comm/ comm/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2004_en. dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2004_en.htm

77

Hydro

The Market of Renewables (1990 – 2004)

Renewable Energy benefits 9 Europe is global leader in RES development 9 200.000 jobs in Europe already now 9 Annual turnover of 15 billion â‚Ź already now 9 Innovative Business Sector 9 Economic growth and regional development

et he rla nd C s yp ru s M al Es t a to Sl nia ov a H kia un D gar en y m Li ar th k ua ni Ire a la n Lu L d xe at v m ia bo Be urg lg iu G m re ec e

N

It a ly

Bu UK lg a Sl ria ov en i Tu a r k C ze P ey ch ol R an d ep ub Fi lic nl a Po nd rt R uga om l an Au ia s Sw tria e G de n er m an y Sp a Fr in an ce

th e

Installed Capacity (MW)

SHP installed capacity (MW)

2.500

2.000

1.500

1.000

500

0

Source: ESHA (2004)

Cumulative SHP installed capacity (MW) 9909

In s ta lle d c a p a c ity M W

10000 8000 6000 4000

822

608

2000 0

EU-15

EU-10New

CC

Market development- Potential 19645

22809

R e m a in in g S H P p o t e n t ia l G W h / y e a r

20000 15000 10000

4004

5000 0

EU-15

EU-10

CC

• The remaining economically feasible potential amounts to some 20 TWh/year in EU-15. • 26 TWh/year in the New Members States and CC, the majority of this mainly being located in Turkey (80 %).

Total Hydropower Potential by Continent 8000

Technical potential 7000

Economic potential Exploited potential

Output TWh/year

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Africa

Asia

Australasia/Oceania

Europe

North & Central America

South America

Cumulative Wind Energy Installed Capacity (MW) 50

GW 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

EUROPE

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.7

2.5

3.5

4.8

6.5

9.7

12.9

17.3

23.2

28.6 34.2

W ORLD

1.7

2.0

2.3

2.8

3.5

4.8

6.1

7.6

10.2

13.6

17.4

23.9

31.1

39.3 47.3

Source: EWEA (2004)

Top-10 Markets in the World (wind) 18000

2002

16000

2003

2004

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000

Chin a P.R.

Ja pa n

UK

s Neth erlan d

Ita ly

Ind ia

ark De nm

US A

n Sp ai

ny

0

Ge rm a

MW

Cumulative Photovoltaic Installed Capacity (MWp) World

EU15

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 World EU15

1991 1992 1993

1994 1995 1996 1997

1998 1999 2000 2001

2002 2003

314

502

948

1150 1428 1829

2387 3151

128

392

371

432

580

669

795

188

284

562

Source: Eurec Agency, EPIA, Observ‘ Observ‘ER (2004)

Solar thermal installations

Solar Thermal Market in the EU MWth

m2

1.200 1.600.000 1.000

1.400.000 1.200.000

800

1.000.000 600

Solar Thermal Capacity kW th /1.000 capita

per 1.000 capita in 2003

800.000

2

m /1.000 capita

200

600.000

400

400.000 200

180

250

160

200.000

0

0 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

140

200

(Data for 2004 preliminary)

120 150

100 80

100

60 40

50

20 0

0 GR AT DE DK CH SE NL PT ES IT FR BE UK FI

IE

Source: ESTIF (2004)

Future challenges for SHP • Administrative barriers (difficulty to get licenses for new SHP development) • Stable & predictable support framework • Grid access • Compliance with Water Framework Directive – need for increased efforts in the field of environmental integration

Conclusions • SHP plays a vital role in today’s RES mix.

• SHP has tangible economic, ecological and social benefits.

• Stable policy framework crucial for any renewable energy/SHP development.

Futher information www.esha.be or contact us on christine.lins@esha.be