/4_Weisrock

WFD in FRANCE

ESHA Lausanne July 2005 ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE Ghislain Weisrock GPAE

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GPAE • • • •

French small hydro union 250 small producers, 400 MW + EDF subsidiary, CNR, SHEM ESHA member

ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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French hydropower • 2200 hydro plants including 1700 small operators – 2000 run of the river – 1850 less than 10 MW – 1900 less than 10 meters

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67 TWh, 97% French RES 10000 MW base load 12000 MW peak load, 20 Mt CO2 equivalent 100 TWh realistic potential ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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Pre-designation of water bodies • 3500 river WB, 470 lake WB • Strahler classification – WB rivers rank 2: 5 km – WB rivers rank 4: 15 km

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50 types of rivers inside hydro-eco-regions 25% NWB (political, EU objective?)

25% HMWB 25% unknown data 25% at risk ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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Eco-hydro-regions

ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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HMWB / NWB • Main hydro plants in HMWB – 31% in Pyrénées – Massif Central basin – 45% in Alpes – Rhône basin – 100 % of French-German section of river Rhin

• NWB (except other pressures) for – Down stream short time regulation hydro plants – Small hydro plants ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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HMWB criteria • Urban areas, navigation • Dams: – Art 4.3: reservoir for electricity generation – Diversion hydro plants if: • More than 90% annual flow diverted (50%-90%) • Regulation water flow more than 15 time minimal water flow (5-15)

– Artificial length of WB up to 70% (30%-70%) – Not on hydrology ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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HMWB / GPAE Position of all hydro unions • Risk of juridical action by EU authorities about NWB and unknown good status • Later classification from HMWB to NWB possible not reverse way

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Good status Provisional definition • Physico-chemical: same strong requirements for all rivers • Biological: flora, invertebrates, fishes – 50 types of river – Very good status reference for each type – Good status = gap to reference:

75% remaining species • Importance of political objectives ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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Good status Conditions de référence

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Très bon état Bon état

0,7 à 0,8

Moyen Médiocre Mauvais

ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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Good ecological potential GEP • Not yet defined • Require to find reference sites • Claimed: final objectives not less ambitious for HMWB than for NWB

ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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Programme of measures • 2005 works on measures – Thesaurus of pre-identified measures • Based on usual measures (politics, ecologists …)

• Not on scientific effect on good status • Example: small weirs erased for bio-circulation

– Hydro = “WFD important question”

• 2006 basin districts programmes • 2007 public consultation ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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Hydro WFD important question • RES directive and new French energy law: – Green house effect: tons of CO2 – Hydro development = ecological objective 21%

• WFD – Good status: biological index – Hydro = exemption (art 4.7)

ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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WFD / RES implementation (1) • Hydro – exemption (art 4.7) as universal utility at the end of implementation – EU policies integration (preamble 16) since the beginning

• Total quality management (plan – do – check – act) – – – –

Hydro impacts measured: negative and positive Bio-civil works Global pressure / impacts models Pareto principle: 20% pressures affecting 80% good status ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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WFD / RES implementation (2) • Economical analysis – Exemption cost/advantage analysis – Costs / environment effectiveness analysis – Both inappropriate face to • Ecological objectives: good status / 21% • WFD environment effectiveness / RES environment effectiveness

• Sustainable development: – Hydro = ecology – economy - societal needs ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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WFD / RES governance • WFD implementation – Basin districts authorities and stakeholders – Water Local Commissions – Thousands of stakeholders – Detailed map of WB – Programme of measures – EU Strategic Coordination Group

• RES implementation – Indicative – Hydro objectives / wind objectives – No map of hydro potential – WG Hydro created by WFD SCG

ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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WFD / Hydro • Threat: – One more step to natural state before mankind – Retro classifying from NWB to HMWB impossible – Governance

• Opportunity: water management revolution – Biological results – on WB not on singular point – Not pre-defined measures based on • Political options • Usual non-proved theories

– NWB including hydro plants

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French hydro since 2003 • Large and small hydro • Hydro generation policy modified because Kyoto protocol • Hydro development and preservation – New French energy law: energy impact principle

– New French finance-industry ministry mission: map of potential – administrative process

– French water law project modified ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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WFD / Hydro future • Constructive dialogue with water authorities and stakeholders • Ecologists divided – Renewables development – Historical behaviours against hydro

• RES must be improved: governance • WFD an opportunity ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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Merci pour votre attention

European hydro A new challenge

ESHA Lausanne July 2005 GPAE

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