/4L_Punys_1_

SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOP Lausanne, 30thJune – 1st July 2005

Small Hydropower situation in New Member States and Candidate countries Petras PUNYS Lithuanian Hydropower Association / University of Agriculture

SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOP Lausanne, 30thJune – 1st July 2005

OVERVIEW Background Small Hydropower at first glance: EU –15, EU –10, Accession Countries Individual countries: EU –10 and Candidate Countries Conclusions

REPORT “Small Hydropower (SHP) situation in Accession countries” September 2004

Marketing work group: ADEME, IT Power, ESHA and Lithuanian Hydropower Association

EU –15: 15 Members of the EU before enlargement in May 2004 EU –10: 10 New Member States Candidate (Accession): 3 Candidate Countries to the EU membership

Activities covered in the project were: Compilation of a database of key Small Hydropower (SHP) statistics and information in the New EU Member States and Candidate countries

™

Analysis of SHP statistics, existing potential for SHP, technical and environmental aspects, water and energy industries and service capability

™

A review of institutional, economic and regulatory issues of the legislation in force relating to SHP,

Forecasting of SHP installed capacities & electricity generation, identification of the preliminary targets of SHP contribution in implementing the EU RES-E Directive,

Comparison of the SHP sectors both in EU15 and EU-10 and CC

Survey of SHP situation:

8 new EU countries (except Cyprus and Malta) + 3 Candidate countries + Croatia (episodically). Reference year: 2002/2003

BlueAGE (Blue Energy for a Green Europe) study (ESHA, SERO, IEFE, 2001) ESHA data base International Journal on Hydropower & Dams (2004) , World Energy Council (2004) , EBRD (Black and Veatch, (2002), IEA (2003) , EREC (2003), Eurostat (2004), WWF (2004)

Information sources of the study

Small Hydropower at first glance:

EU –15, EU –10, Accession (Candidate) Countries -CC SHP plants (<10 MW) in operation

Number of SHP

15000

13 352

10000

Czech Republic-1302

2 776

5000

388

0 EU-15

EU-10New Accession

Number of Small Hydropower Plants

SHP Installed Capacity MW

Czech Republic -273 MW Poland – 238 MW

10000

9 909

7500

Romania - 275 MW Turkey –177 MW

5000 822

2500

608

0 EU-15

EU-10New Accession

SHP Installed Capacity

SHP plant size MW

1.6

2 1.5 1

0.7 0.3

0.5 0 EU-15

EU-10

CC

Average SHP plant size

Electricity generation GWh/year

5

4 2.7

4

2.3

3 2 1 0 EU-15

EU-10

CC

A SHP plant of installed capacity of 1 MW produces .....GWh/year

Percentage of SHP age %

100

40 and 59 years old

58% 75

> 60 years old

37% 50

31% 10%

25

10% 10%

0 EU-15

EU-10

SHP age distribution

CC

SHP contribution %

2

1.47 Slovenia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2%

1.5 0.67

1

0.64

0.5 0 EU-15

EU-10New Accession

SHP Contribution to total electricity generation

SHP contribution %

15

10.8

12.8

10 2.3

5 0 EU-15

EU-10New Accession

SHP Contribution to total Hydropower electricity generation

SHP contribution %

15 %

9

11

10 2.2

5 0 EU-15

EU-10

CC

SHP in the Renewable Electricity mix (RES-E)

Developed so far %

100 %

82

75

34

50

6

25 0 EU-15

EU-10

CC

Percentage of developed economically feasible potential so far %

Remaining potential GWh/year

Turkey â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 19 300 GWh/year Poland â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1600 GWh/year

19645

20000

21182

15000 10000

3421

5000 0 EU-15

EU-10New Accession

SHP remaining economically feasible potential

Number of SHP manufacturers

80

70

60 40

18 3

20 0 EU-15

EU-10

CC

Small- scale water turbine manufacturers

Comparison of SHP sectors (datum: EU-15) ITEM

Direction

1st

2nd

EU- EU- CC 15 10

SHP PLANTS IN OPERATION 1 <5 Max Number of SHP plants 1 <2.3 Max Average size of plant <3 Min 1 % of old SHP plants INSTALLED CAPACITY AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION 1 <12 Max Installed capacity 1 <15 Max Electricity generation by SHP plants 1 <1.5 Max Electricity generation by a plant of 1 MW SHP POTENTIAL 1 <4.4 Max Remaining SHP potential SHP IN THE GROSS ELECTRICITY MIX 1 <2.2 Max Contribution to gross electricity production % 1 >1.2 Max Contribution to hydropower production % SHP IN THE RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY MIX 1 >1.2 Max Contribution to RES-E SHP PROJECTION INTO THE FUTURE >1 Max 1 Installed capacity by 2010 (rise in % ) >1.2 Max 1 Electricity generation by 2010 (rise in %)

<34 >2.2 <6 <16 <28 <1.7 1.2 <2.3 <4.7 <4 >1.2 > 1.3

3rd

Individual countries: EU â&#x20AC;&#x201C;10 and Candidate countries

0.7

GWh/year/km2

Gross theoretical potential 0.6

Technically feasble potential

0.5

Economically feasible potential

0.4

1 st 3d

0.3

2nd

0.2 0.1 0.0 Czech Republic

Estonia

Hungary

Latvia

2nd

Lithuania

Poland

Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania

Turkey

2nd Technically feasible potential

Economically feasible potential

Hydropower specific energy (annual energy divided by the area of a country- GWh/year/km2)

Data: The International Journal on Hydropower & Dams .

SHP Definition P< 10 MW, except: Estonia – 1 MW, Latvia -2 MW, Croatia, Hungary, Poland -5 MW Turkey – 50 MW

Czech Republic – 1330

1400

Poland – 610

Number of SHP

1200 1000

Slovenia – 478

800 600 400 200 0 Czech Republic

Cyprus

Estonia Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania Poland

Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania

Number of SHP

Turkey

Installed capacity MW

Czech Republic â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 275

Romania â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 278

300

200

100

0 Czech Republic

Cyprus

Estonia Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania Poland

Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania

Low installed capacity

SHP installed capacity, MW

Turkey

Low head

High head

100

SHP by head %

Low 80 60

Medium head

Medium High

40 20 0 Czech Estonia Hungary Republic

Latvia

Lithuania Poland

Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

Low head

High head

Percentage of small hydropower plants by head (low head <5m, medium head 5-15m, high head>15m)

Young plants

SHP plants age %

100 80

0-19 years old 20-39 years old 40-59 years old >60 years old

60 40 20 0 Czech Estonia Hungary Republic

Latvia

Lithuania Poland

Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

Old plants

SHP plants age distribution

Slovenia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2%

Contribution to gross electricity production %

2.0

Czech Republicâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; ~1%

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 Czech Cyprus Republic

Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

EU-15

SHP contribution to gross electricity generation

Renewable electricity production %

Large Hydro Small Hydro Other Renew ables

100 80 60

Small Hydro

40 20 0 Czech Republic

Estonia Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

Poland

Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania

Turkey

Other RES-E

Share of large and small hydro, and other renewable energy sources in the total renewable electricity generation

Privatized %

100

80

60

40

20

0 Czech Estonia Hungary Republic

Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

SHP Ownership

Average

Buy back rate â&#x201A;Źcents/kWh

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Czech Republic

Estonia Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania Poland

Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania

Turkey

Buy back rates (â&#x201A;Źcents/kWh)

EU-15

SHP turbine manufacturing industry capabilities

5

Czech Republic & Slovenia

4

3

2

1 Czech Estonia Hungary Republic

Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

1= no turbine manufacturers, 2= Turbine manufactures exist, but they are not able to cover domestic demand, 3=Turbine manufactures exist; they are able to cover domestic demand with limited export capacities, 4=Turbine manufactures exist; they are able to cover domestic demand with

5= high capability of turbine manufacturing industry)

some export capacities,

SHP INDUSTRY STATE

Fishery

Visual impact Visual impact

5

Fishery

Degree of gravity

Water regulation 4

Competion w ith other uses Other kinds of resistance

3

2

1 Czech Rep ub lic

Es to nia

Hung ary

Latvia

Lithuania

Po land

Slo vakia

Slo venia

Bulg aria

Ro mania

Turkey

Resistances to SHP development (1-no impact, 5- severe impact)

400

Forecasted installed capacity

MW

2010 2015

300

200

100

0 Czech Republic

Estonia

Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

Poland

Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania

Turkey

Forecasted SHP installed capacity (MW) by 2010 and 2015

Forecasted generation GWh/year

1600

2010 2015

1200

800

400

0 Czech Republic

Estonia

Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

Poland

Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania

Turkey

Forecasted SHP electricity generation (GWh/year) by 2010 and 2015

CONCLUSIONS Only general fragments of SHP situation basically related to the SHP statistics in the New Member States and Accession countries are outlined here. More detailed information on SHP in each country is given in its profile.

The report is available at ESHA Website. http://www.esha.be/Library.htm Please visit the Network Website:

http://www.esha.be/ukthematic.htm

SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOP Lausanne, 30th June â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1st July 2005

Thank you for attention !