SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOP Lausanne, 30thJune – 1st July 2005
Small Hydropower situation in New Member States and Candidate countries Petras PUNYS Lithuanian Hydropower Association / University of Agriculture
SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOP Lausanne, 30thJune – 1st July 2005
OVERVIEW Background Small Hydropower at first glance: EU –15, EU –10, Accession Countries Individual countries: EU –10 and Candidate Countries Conclusions
REPORT “Small Hydropower (SHP) situation in Accession countries” September 2004
Marketing work group: ADEME, IT Power, ESHA and Lithuanian Hydropower Association
EU –15: 15 Members of the EU before enlargement in May 2004 EU –10: 10 New Member States Candidate (Accession): 3 Candidate Countries to the EU membership
Activities covered in the project were: Compilation of a database of key Small Hydropower (SHP) statistics and information in the New EU Member States and Candidate countries
™
Analysis of SHP statistics, existing potential for SHP, technical and environmental aspects, water and energy industries and service capability
™
A review of institutional, economic and regulatory issues of the legislation in force relating to SHP,
Forecasting of SHP installed capacities & electricity generation, identification of the preliminary targets of SHP contribution in implementing the EU RES-E Directive,
Comparison of the SHP sectors both in EU15 and EU-10 and CC
Survey of SHP situation:
8 new EU countries (except Cyprus and Malta) + 3 Candidate countries + Croatia (episodically). Reference year: 2002/2003
BlueAGE (Blue Energy for a Green Europe) study (ESHA, SERO, IEFE, 2001) ESHA data base International Journal on Hydropower & Dams (2004) , World Energy Council (2004) , EBRD (Black and Veatch, (2002), IEA (2003) , EREC (2003), Eurostat (2004), WWF (2004)
Information sources of the study
Small Hydropower at first glance:
EU –15, EU –10, Accession (Candidate) Countries -CC SHP plants (<10 MW) in operation
Number of SHP
15000
13 352
10000
Czech Republic-1302
2 776
5000
388
0 EU-15
EU-10New Accession
Number of Small Hydropower Plants
SHP Installed Capacity MW
Czech Republic -273 MW Poland – 238 MW
10000
9 909
7500
Romania - 275 MW Turkey –177 MW
5000 822
2500
608
0 EU-15
EU-10New Accession
SHP Installed Capacity
SHP plant size MW
1.6
2 1.5 1
0.7 0.3
0.5 0 EU-15
EU-10
CC
Average SHP plant size
Electricity generation GWh/year
5
4 2.7
4
2.3
3 2 1 0 EU-15
EU-10
CC
A SHP plant of installed capacity of 1 MW produces .....GWh/year
Percentage of SHP age %
100
40 and 59 years old
58% 75
> 60 years old
37% 50
31% 10%
25
10% 10%
0 EU-15
EU-10
SHP age distribution
CC
SHP contribution %
2
1.47 Slovenia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2%
1.5 0.67
1
0.64
0.5 0 EU-15
EU-10New Accession
SHP Contribution to total electricity generation
SHP contribution %
15
10.8
12.8
10 2.3
5 0 EU-15
EU-10New Accession
SHP Contribution to total Hydropower electricity generation
SHP contribution %
15 %
9
11
10 2.2
5 0 EU-15
EU-10
CC
SHP in the Renewable Electricity mix (RES-E)
Developed so far %
100 %
82
75
34
50
6
25 0 EU-15
EU-10
CC
Percentage of developed economically feasible potential so far %
Remaining potential GWh/year
Turkey â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 19 300 GWh/year Poland â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1600 GWh/year
19645
20000
21182
15000 10000
3421
5000 0 EU-15
EU-10New Accession
SHP remaining economically feasible potential
Number of SHP manufacturers
80
70
60 40
18 3
20 0 EU-15
EU-10
CC
Small- scale water turbine manufacturers
Comparison of SHP sectors (datum: EU-15) ITEM
Direction
1st
2nd
EU- EU- CC 15 10
SHP PLANTS IN OPERATION 1 <5 Max Number of SHP plants 1 <2.3 Max Average size of plant <3 Min 1 % of old SHP plants INSTALLED CAPACITY AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION 1 <12 Max Installed capacity 1 <15 Max Electricity generation by SHP plants 1 <1.5 Max Electricity generation by a plant of 1 MW SHP POTENTIAL 1 <4.4 Max Remaining SHP potential SHP IN THE GROSS ELECTRICITY MIX 1 <2.2 Max Contribution to gross electricity production % 1 >1.2 Max Contribution to hydropower production % SHP IN THE RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY MIX 1 >1.2 Max Contribution to RES-E SHP PROJECTION INTO THE FUTURE >1 Max 1 Installed capacity by 2010 (rise in % ) >1.2 Max 1 Electricity generation by 2010 (rise in %)
<34 >2.2 <6 <16 <28 <1.7 1.2 <2.3 <4.7 <4 >1.2 > 1.3
3rd
Individual countries: EU â&#x20AC;&#x201C;10 and Candidate countries
0.7
GWh/year/km2
Gross theoretical potential 0.6
Technically feasble potential
0.5
Economically feasible potential
0.4
1 st 3d
0.3
2nd
0.2 0.1 0.0 Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
2nd
Lithuania
Poland
Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania
Turkey
2nd Technically feasible potential
Economically feasible potential
Hydropower specific energy (annual energy divided by the area of a country- GWh/year/km2)
Data: The International Journal on Hydropower & Dams .
SHP Definition P< 10 MW, except: Estonia – 1 MW, Latvia -2 MW, Croatia, Hungary, Poland -5 MW Turkey – 50 MW
Czech Republic – 1330
1400
Poland – 610
Number of SHP
1200 1000
Slovenia – 478
800 600 400 200 0 Czech Republic
Cyprus
Estonia Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania Poland
Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania
Number of SHP
Turkey
Installed capacity MW
Czech Republic â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 275
Romania â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 278
300
200
100
0 Czech Republic
Cyprus
Estonia Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania Poland
Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania
Low installed capacity
SHP installed capacity, MW
Turkey
Low head
High head
100
SHP by head %
Low 80 60
Medium head
Medium High
40 20 0 Czech Estonia Hungary Republic
Latvia
Lithuania Poland
Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey
Low head
High head
Percentage of small hydropower plants by head (low head <5m, medium head 5-15m, high head>15m)
Young plants
SHP plants age %
100 80
0-19 years old 20-39 years old 40-59 years old >60 years old
60 40 20 0 Czech Estonia Hungary Republic
Latvia
Lithuania Poland
Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey
Old plants
SHP plants age distribution
Slovenia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2%
Contribution to gross electricity production %
2.0
Czech Republicâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; ~1%
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 Czech Cyprus Republic
Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey
EU-15
SHP contribution to gross electricity generation
Renewable electricity production %
Large Hydro Small Hydro Other Renew ables
100 80 60
Small Hydro
40 20 0 Czech Republic
Estonia Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania
Turkey
Other RES-E
Share of large and small hydro, and other renewable energy sources in the total renewable electricity generation
Privatized %
100
80
60
40
20
0 Czech Estonia Hungary Republic
Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey
SHP Ownership
Average
Buy back rate â&#x201A;Źcents/kWh
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Czech Republic
Estonia Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania Poland
Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania
Turkey
Buy back rates (â&#x201A;Źcents/kWh)
EU-15
SHP turbine manufacturing industry capabilities
5
Czech Republic & Slovenia
4
3
2
1 Czech Estonia Hungary Republic
Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey
1= no turbine manufacturers, 2= Turbine manufactures exist, but they are not able to cover domestic demand, 3=Turbine manufactures exist; they are able to cover domestic demand with limited export capacities, 4=Turbine manufactures exist; they are able to cover domestic demand with
5= high capability of turbine manufacturing industry)
some export capacities,
SHP INDUSTRY STATE
Fishery
Visual impact Visual impact
5
Fishery
Degree of gravity
Water regulation 4
Competion w ith other uses Other kinds of resistance
3
2
1 Czech Rep ub lic
Es to nia
Hung ary
Latvia
Lithuania
Po land
Slo vakia
Slo venia
Bulg aria
Ro mania
Turkey
Resistances to SHP development (1-no impact, 5- severe impact)
400
Forecasted installed capacity
MW
2010 2015
300
200
100
0 Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania
Turkey
Forecasted SHP installed capacity (MW) by 2010 and 2015
Forecasted generation GWh/year
1600
2010 2015
1200
800
400
0 Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania
Turkey
Forecasted SHP electricity generation (GWh/year) by 2010 and 2015
CONCLUSIONS Only general fragments of SHP situation basically related to the SHP statistics in the New Member States and Accession countries are outlined here. More detailed information on SHP in each country is given in its profile. The report is available at ESHA Website. http://www.esha.be/Library.htm Please visit the Network Website:
http://www.esha.be/ukthematic.htm
SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOP Lausanne, 30th June â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1st July 2005
Thank you for attention !