/R_D_Startegy_for_SHP-VDenis

Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

SMALL HYDROPOWER R&D Strategy and Needs European Thematic Network on Small Hydropower TN – SHP

http://www.esha.be/ukthematic.htm 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Workshop Agenda y

17h30 Welcome and Introduction y

y

17h40 What is the thematic network on small hydropower ? y

y

18h20 18h40

Jonas Rundqvist (SERO, Sweden)

Mechanical aspects : Is R & D in small-turbine design still needed y

y

Vincent Denis, MHyLab, Switzerland

18h00 Civil Work : Refurbishment of old plants: an interesting potential y

y

Maria Laguna, ESHA, Belgium

17h50 Strategy document on R&D on small hydropower y

y

Vincent Denis, MHyLab, Switzerland

Vincent Denis, MHyLab, Switzerland

Fast evaluation of the cost of a SHPP, the POPEHYE software y

Erik Bolleart, EPFL-LCH, Switzerland

y

19h00 Discussion

y

19h20 Coffee and informal discussion

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Goal of the workshop y To present the Thematic Network activities y To present the Strategy document on R&D on small hydro power y To present some ongoing projects y To lead a discussion on the R&D needs y To receive a feed back on the strategy document.

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

European strategy document for RD&D in small hydropower.

Porto 19th October 2004

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Target of the strategy document The target of this document is to present an overview of small hydro in Europe, which specify : y The development potential y The obstacles likely to be encountered, y The state of the market and of industry, y The state of the environmental integration y The state of RTD. 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Why a strategy document ?

Maturity of large hydro has held the false opinion that there is no much scope for technical development and improvement in any hydropower system.

There is however considerable scope for : 1.

2.

Designing and developing material and construction procedure aiming to reduce strongly the environmental impact of SHPs (in other words, how the technological development can help the environmental integration of SHPs) Improving the cost-effectiveness of SHPs, especially in low head developments, both through technical and non-technical innovations.

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Content of the European strategy document. y Necessity of a European RTD strategy in small hydro power. y European strategy definition. y Priorities and objectives. y Means to reach the objectives.

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Necessity of a European RTD strategy in small hydropower. y y y y y y y

Description of small hydropower plant Development potential Obstacles to potential development Specific cost of small hydro State of the industry State of RTD Why RTD in small hydro is necessary

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

European Strategy y General topics y General design y Civil work y Electromechanical equipment y Control and monitoring systems y Environmental integration 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Priorities and objectives y y y y y y y y

General topics General design Civil work Electromechanical equipment Control and monitoring systems Environmental integration Technical priorities Non-technical priorities

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Who can make an input in the document ? y The engineering group members y The Thematic Network partners y The workshops delegates y Anybody involved in small hydro via the web site

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

How to receive the strategy document ? y Ask for a free registration as a member of the network : www.esha.be/ukthematic.htm y Or e-mail : maria.laguna@esha.be

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Is R & D in small-turbine design still needed?

An example of ongoing laboratory development based on systemisation.

Vincent DENIS - MHyLab CH - 1354 Montcherand www.mhylab.com info@mhylab.com 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Small hydro power plant

A small hydropower plant is a plant which, for technical and economical considerations, must not be the geometrical reduction of a large one

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Small hydro development The cost of developing a test model is of the same order of magnitude as that of a complete small hydro turbine => Independent manufacturers of small hydro turbine cannot afford this laboratory work 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Small hydro and high efficiency High efficiency is important even for small hydro, because : y The efficiency mirrors optimal hydrodynamic performance y Guarantee the future production and the turbine reliability and operation y The efficiency required for one 100 MW turbine is no less justified when dealing with fifty 2 MW turbines.

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Output control at site

y Not easy to implement and costly y Method frequently unsuited to small installations y Always questionable y Generally no possibilities to improve the turbine if guarantees are not reached y Penalties never compensate for the loss of production 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Output control - Laboratory tests y Tests on turbines geometrically similar to the prototypes y Transposable results are obtained (according to international standards) y Possibility to correct the possible shortcomings before the prototype is built y High cost

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Succes criteria

The key words for a successfullly project are : y Simple construction to ensure economical and constructional feasability for SME y High energy efficiency y Maximum reliability ans easy maintenance

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

The Systematisation Method y Entire parameterisation of the turbineâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hydraulics. y Test of the behaviour and performances as a function of the parameters. y Offers the possibility to design individually each new turbine in function of the exact characteristics of the site to equip. y Same efficiency and performance guarantees as for large hydro, even for Pm < 1â&#x20AC;&#x2122;000 kW 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

The Systemisation method (Basic principle) y Simplification of hydraulic forms, and use of commercially available parts. y Measure of the impact of these simplifications on the test bench. y Direct or indirect parameterisation of all hydraulic forms, function of the site's data. y Development of mathematical and computer tools.

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

The Systemisation method (Presentation of the process) ρ

αR

Rex

Lm

m

R1

LA

Ra

αm

Rm1 Rm2

Coupe m-m

m

The first step consists in determining within what specific-speed limits, a given bucket topology can adapt to the flow by varying runner construction parameters.

d Ra

Coupe 8

x x=0

e h

Ligne de niveau a 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

The Systemisation method (Presentation of the process)

Variation of the eccentricity Ď of a Pelton runner in function of the specific speed (principle diagram) 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Performance guarantees

Efficiency guarantees (from laboratory tests), for La Rasse small HPP 03/08/2005

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Advantages of the method y Turbine simple to be manufactured and maintained y Optimal Hydrodynamic performance( high degree of operation security) y Respected efficiency and power guarantees y Cost savings on design y Turbine delivery-time reductions y Perfect compliance of the machine to the site's characteristics.

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Advantages of the development in the laboratory 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.83

η 0.82

y

1 Pelton turbine, 2 nozzles

y

Hn : 479 m

y

Qmax : 180 l/s

0.81 0.80 0.79 0.78 Développement en laboratoire (MHyLab) Développement empirique

0.77 0.76 0.75 0.74 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Q en l/s

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Small HPP Pas-du-Lein (CH) y 1 Pelton turbine, 2 nozzles y Hn : 299 m y Qmax : 180 l/s y PmĂŠc max : 470 kW y Manufacturer : GASA SA (Switzerland)

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Some R&D objectives

Laboratory tests Validation of results

Industrial concept

Computer programme

Short delay to deliver the garantees

Short delay to define the complete hydro profile

Systemic design

Low construction & operating costs

To provide small independent turbine manufacturers with an efficient and guaranteed technique in a short delay, and with low costs.

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Hydro 2004 Porto - Portugal

Conclusions y Important work is performed to develop systemisation method. y As for many other fields (electical equipment, control and monitoring systems, civil work, these examples show that R&D is still needed for small hydro.

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