SHERPA: Small Hydro Efficient Promotion Campaign Action
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
This Report has been edited by the E u r o p e a n S ma l l H yd r o p o we r A s s o c i a t i o n , E S HA wi t h t h e contributions of the SHERPA consortium. The Authors and the whole project consortium gratefully acknowledge the financial and intellectual support of this work provided by the Intelligent Energy for Europe Programme. In particular thanks to the project officers at the EACI, Giuanlucca Tondi and Cristina Ruiz for their support .
LEGAL NOTICE/DISCLAMER
Neither the European Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission or Agency is responsible for the use which might be made of the information contained in this publication. The views expressed in this publication have not been adopted or in any way approved by the Commission or the Agency and should not be relied upon as a statement of the Commission’s views.
SHERPA CONSORTIUM
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Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
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CONTENTS
1- Introduction…….pg4
Conclusions……..pg32
2- What is the current SHP situation in the European Union?...................pg8
List of events…….pg36
3- National Policy Workshops…………..pg12 4- Working towards improving SHP Public Image………………...pg19 5- Local approach: a keystone in the SHP development………pg24
Bibliography………pg40
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1- INTRODUCTION The overall objective of SHERPA is to develop a Promotion Campaign on Small Hydropower addressing the challenges and coping with the main barriers this sector is confronted with in Europe. This is considered to be important in view of the SHP contribution on reaching the target of doubling the percentage of renewable energy sources within the European Union from 6 to 12 % until 2010 which the European Commission's communication "Energy for the future: Renewable Sources of Energy - a White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan" (COM (97) 599 final) sets. This project developed by a consortium of National SHP Associations (associations representing SHP producers and equipment manufacturers), Energy Management Agencies, consultancies and universities, aims at developing and implementing a concise, welltargeted and thematic approach to ensure the dissemination and market uptake of SHP in Europe. In order to enhance the further market penetration of SHP within the EU-27 an evaluation of the current
situation as well as a set of highlevel promotion measures is necessary. Indeed, the wrong impression that small hydro plants generally and necessarily significantly affects adversely natural local environment exists, together with numerous administrative barriers, and contradictions in the implementation of two European Directives (Water Framework Directive- WFD vs. Renewables Electricity Directive RES-e) might result in a reduction of renewable electricity production from SHP plants. Therefore, SHERPA aims at developing a well-targeted SHP promotion campaign addressing the challenges and promoting its benefits, through a mix of information measures (brochures, conference, workshops), through a review on the status of SHP development and policy frameworks in New Member States, through the revision of existing policies in EU-27, through addressing public image issues and through spreading best practices, and environmental performance of SHP plants, as well as through a comprehensive territorial planning approach at the level of water bodies.
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Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
To achieve the project overall as well as and specific objectives the following actions are carried out: 1- Revision of the status of SHP development as well as review of existing policy framework conditions for SHP in EU-27. 2- National Policy Fora in ―old‖ European Member States (Sweden, Italy, France) and in ―new‖ Member States (Poland, Lithuania) on main Policy issues (WFD vs RES-e, targets licensing process, support schemes in EU27, spatial planning). 3- Public image campaign that includes the development of criteria for a SHP sustainable award, development of public image folders, report on technical operations and procedures on how to better integrate small hydropower plants in their environment, developing the concept of social engineering, promotion of environmental certification of SHP plants. 4- SHP and local development (tools for the economic analysis of the impact of mitigation activities at the river basin level, assessments of productivity in relation with WFD and RES-e targets, implementation of territorial planning approaches with strong participatory approach and
clear involvement of local authorities and development of a "good practice brochure" of participatory approach for SHP development). 5- Organisation of an International SHP policy workshop in the Hydro 2007 conference and a SHP policy session in a main International conference in a New Member State, Hidroenergia 2008 (Slovenia). 6- Disseminate to the target groups the results of the project through the project website, organisation of workshop and conferences. Participant name European Small Hydropower Association Zvaza društev MHE Slovenije Lietuvos hidroenergetiku asociacija A.P.E.R Associazione Produttori di Energia da Fonti Rinnovabili Sveriges Energiföreningars Riksorganisation Innovation Energie et Developpement Institut für Wasserwirtschaft, Hydrologie und Konstruktiven Centralne Laboratorium Naftowe Agence de l’Environement et de la maitrise de l’Energie
Participant short name
Country European
ESHA (1) SSHA (2) LHA (3)
Slovenia Lithuania Italy
APER(4) Sweden SERO (5) IED (6)
France Austria
IWHW (7) EC BREC/ CLN (8)
Poland France
ADEME (9)
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Expected Results and Potential Impacts
SHERPA aim is to make a significant Paper, Water Framework Directive). contribution for reducing the barriers Disseminating information on the that are currently hindering the benefits and success stories of development of SHP, addressing the SHP through effective public challenges and contributing to the image campaign, addressing uptake of SHP in the new enlarged specifically the issue of environmental integration, through European Union. the involvement of SHP SHERPA wants not only to increase stakeholders and NGOs: Exploring the awareness of politicians and and developing the concept of decision makers on SHP as a key social engineering for Small renewable energy source but also Hydropower. create a favourable framework conditions for the further uptake of Overcoming major environmental SHP within the European Union by: c o n s t r a i n s t o f u r t h e r S HP development, and the promotion of Strengthening m a r k e t spatial planning and territorial development of SHP in New approaches and key strategic Member States. methodologies for succeeding SHP development. Strengthening implementation and consistency of EU directives (RES-e directive and SHP targets of White
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
In the longer run, the envisaged results are:
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Target groups and involved key actors.
Encouraging developers and Politicians on EU, national, regional investors to show confidence in investing in the SHP electricity as well as local level (target group production, and developing a and key actors) deeper European market for small hydro power station along with legislation. Small Hydropower as part of the renewable energy mix is just one of Promoting new investments the many issues not only on the opportunities and developing the energy agenda of politicians but also SHP market at European level. in the environmental one. Therefore, it is necessary to present information Increase capacity building of on Small Hydropower as clearly and national and local authorities by attractively as possible, highlighting giving efficient ways of evaluating the many benefits of Small (on the legislator side) the impact Hydropower in the field of job of administrative and legal creation, economic development, frameworks. It will thus help adapt environmental protection and many the legal framework to remove more. barriers for the SHP enhancement in the New Member States. Experts and decision makers (target group) SHP contribution on reaching the target of doubling the percentage By preparing high profile information of renewable energy sources on the state of the art of Small within the European Union from 6 Hydropower, the main target group of to 12 % until 2010, (COM(97)599 experts and decision makers will be final) . informed on the benefits this type of renewable energy source offers.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
NGOs, environmentalists group and key actors)
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(target
that environmental mitigation of small hydropower plants should be further The project aims at involving NGOs promoted. and environmentalists through different policy fora, SHP and public Indeed, the issue of environmental image workshops, and through the integration of small hydro plans is a development of a SHP award. This key priority for environmental NGOs. cooperation will be required via interviews, workshops, and the reviewing of the draft project results. This involvement is fundamental in order to achieve one of the main objectives of the proposed activities: to spread and widely disseminated success stories on SHP and tackling the wrong general impression that hydro plants adversely affect fishing, boating, and other river-leisure interests. This is of special interest in the context of Climate Change challenges where SHP has a key role to play. Indeed, ESHA being the European association representing the SHP sector has in Brussels continuously contacts with Environmental NGOS working in the field of Renewable Energy and climate change (Greenpeace, WWF), in issues such as energy and nature and environmental policies. From these contacts its has been clearly pointed out that small hydropower is needed in the renewable energy mix for climate change mitigation and necessary to ensure a balance energy mix but
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European SHP industry Small Hydropower does not only offer benefits for the environment, but also for local development and employment. By improving the framework conditions for Small Hydropower, the position of the European SHP industry will be strengthened. The fact that major European SHP associations participate in this project as project partners shows the relevance of the action to the European SHP sector. Indeed, the National SHP associations of the consortium regroup the main market actors of SHP in their respective countries, mainly project developers, turbine manufacturers, utilities that will be involved in the project via their national association. Hence, the participation of ESHA and some of its members will ensure that all market actors in the different countries are involved, and that the proposal will be driven by the necessity of further market development of SHP in Europe. Consultancies community
and
scientific
Renewable Energy Consultancies and Universities are involved in the project as partners so that they contribute their knowledge for d e ve l o p i n g scientific assessment on how to evaluate economically and
socially small hydropower impacts and mitigation measures.
2- WHAT IS THE CURRENT SHP SITUATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION? The SHERPA project has carried out enquiries in the different Me mber St ates through a questionnaire covering only structural data like production or capacities but also other relevant information as policies, market and potentials are concerned. The enlargement of Europe gives a great opportunity for transferring experiences on SHP development to the New European Members States. Indeed, Small hydropower has a huge potential in these countries, where it is the dominant renewable energy source, however there is still a lack of market and policy information of the situation of SHP in the new EU. The WP2 consists on collecting market and policy information about SHP in the EU, building upon already existing studies and through a questionnaire to be sent to main
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
SHPA actors in different EU countries on the following issues: A- Status and prospects of SHP technology today in EU-25, of recent technological and market development of small hydropower. B- Review of Policy Initiatives framework conditions for SHP within the EU-25 and Candidate Countries; an overview of current policy initiatives within the European Union will be prepared, taking all levels of decision making (EU, national, regional and local) into account.
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4- Analysing the policy framework in each country, putting emphasis on the constraints that are hindering the development of SHP plants. 5-Analysing the situation and competitiveness of the EU manufacturing industry in the SHP sector. 6-Give concrete recommendations in promoting SHP development in the short and medium term, suggesting some good policies and ―best practices‖ to achieve this goal.
In order to complete the report the following six main tasks- concerning the possible exploitation of SHP The report has shown that many SHP energy in Europe are to be plants were shut down in the past performed: because of age and competition from 1- Gathering data on the actual state- newer, larger plants. When some EU of-the–art of the SHP development in countries decided to reduce their the European continent. dependence on imported energy, 2- Assessing the potential for future SHP was given economic support SHP development, both in terms of and the number of SHP plants upgrading the old existing plants and gradually started to increase again. building new sites. 3- Analysing the economics of SHP sources in order to understand how competitive SHP is today with respect to the other principal power generation technologies.
In 2006 there were nearly 21,000 SHP plants (SHPPs) in the EU-27 and if CCs as well as Norway, Switzerland and other countries are included, the number of SHPPs increases to a total of nearly 23,000.
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Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
According to the present study, the 2010 estimations for SHP stated in the White Paper will not be reached for EU-15, but are likely to be achieved if EU-12 is included. In order to reach the White Paper target better conditions such as less administrative barriers for SHP are required. The survey reveals that the most widely adopted support mechanism within the analysed countries is feedin tariffs, sometimes accompanied by a variety of incentives. Some MS prefer the Quota obligation system, which is usually based on Tradable Green Certificates (TGC). Exploitation of SHP resources is subject to governmental regulations and administrative procedures, which at present, vary from one country to another despite the fact that MS must comply with the directive on RES-E in force. In order to develop a SHP site, a potential hydropower producer must fulfil these administrative procedures, which constitute a kind of barrier or burden.
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reported to encounter when installing new SHP capacities can be of an administrative, grid, financial, environmental and social nature. A survey co-ordinated by ESHA and sent to SHP associations in Europe revealed that the average length of administrative procedures varies from 12 months in the best-case scenario in Austria (where few new projects are being developed) to 12 years in Portugal. In most new EU MS the average time required to obtain all licences is considerably shorter than in the old MS. However, more significant is the fact that in most MS only a few dozen licenses have been granted in recent years. Different types of licences are normally required. Non-consistent implementation of the WFD can lead to a significant reduction of SHP production combined with higher costs. In some MS (Germany, Austria, Eastern Baltic States), the implementation of the WFD is considered the main barrier to further SHP development.
The barriers that SHP Report at www.esha.be developers and producers
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3– NATIONAL POLICY WORKSHOPS
to input the main project deliverables, increasing the added value of the project results.
In order to assist decision makers and politicians in the EU in the definition of future strategies for the uptake of SHP in these countries, a series of National Policy workshops were organised. The workshops addressed politicians, decision makers and representatives from national as well as regional administration. Representatives of NGOs were also invited in order to open the dialogue in key policy issues (Water framework Directive and potential conflicts with the RES-e Directive, other environmental policies, environmental integration of SHP plants, administrative barriers and spatial planning, support schemes etc.) The workshops are considered to be key-fora for spreading the results from the other project work packages.
National Policy Workshop in France
Policy National Workshops were organised for France, Poland, Lithuania, Sweden and Italy. The partners of the project were responsible for organising the workshop in their respective country . These Policy Fora allowed SHP stakeholders to discuss key policy areas to enhance further penetration of SHP in EU-27 in order to achieve the SHP White Paper targets. To finally use the results of the discussions
“ Sustainable
development: the response of the hydropower sector‖. The forum was co–organised by ADEME and the UFE (French Union of Electricity), and took place with the presence of Mrs Nelly OLIN, French Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development, and of Mr François LOOS, French Minister of Industry, on 16th January 2007 at the French Ministry of Economics, Finances and Industry in Paris. The forum was a success with more than 300 participants and very fruitful discussions. It was an opportunity to discuss many recent policy elements in the context of hydropower development: 1. The French law of July 13, 2005
on energy policy, 2. The ―Report on the development prospects of hydropower production in France‖ by Fabrice Dambrine, Senior official for Sustainable Development, published in March 2006, which gives a progress report on the important role of hydroelectricity in the fight against climate change and its potential for development,
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3- Lastly, the new French water law, 1. Hydropower development: political which offers a new legislative aspects; framework for the protection of the water ecosystems and might affect 2. Hydropower plants environmental the development of Hydropower. integration, and A broad report that gathers the discussions of this Forum has been produced in French. This report as well as the programme of the forum and the list of Participants can be found in the SHERPA website at www.esha.be/SHERPA. National Policy Workshop in Lithuania The national policy workshop took place on the 28th March 2007 at the University of Agriculture of Kaunas, Lithuania. The event was organised by the Lithuanian Hydropower Association (LHA). The Forum was supported by a number of local organisations – Lithuanian Ministry of Agriculture, Water Problem Board of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, Lithuanian Association of Water and Land Management Engineers and Water and Land Management Faculty of Lithuanian University of Agriculture.
3. Technical Part. A total of 15 presentations were made during the sessions. The last session featured only 3 presentations. The Forum was a success for all the stakeholders, from hydropower producers to the environmentalists. Despite some vigorous debates a constructive dialogue has been launched. A broad report that gathers the discussions of this Forum has been produced in Lithuanian. A summary of this report has also been produce in English. This report as well as the programme of the forum and the list of participants can be found in the SHERPA website at www.esha.be/ SHERPA. PowerPoint Presentations of this Forum can be found at LHA website http://www.hidro.lt/ National Policy Workshop in Italy
the Italian National Policy Forum was The one-day Forum gathered over 80 organized by APER and took place people from all over Lithuania. During on the 15th April 2008 in Milan by this Forum, 3 thematic sessions were FAST Congress Centre. held:
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More than 120 people attended the new European policy framework for Forum. The statistics of the renewable energies and on its effects participants is as follows: for the SHP sector. Hydropower producers - 76, Designers – 15, Public institutions – 12, Researchers – 11 Environmental Associations – 3, Associations of category—3, Press – 3, Others – 4.
The Forum was divided into two sessions. During the first sessions were made presentations about APER activities for hydropower sector, SHERPA project, the agreement APER-WWF Italy, the agreement APER-Consorzio Muzza, the protection plan for rivers affected by hydropower diversions of Magra The news of the event was reported River Basin Authority. Then was by 4 important trade journals. organized a round table with representatives of hydropower The participants were provided with a producers and designer, of regional folder containing the following institutions, of research institutes. documents: Each speaker had the possibility to Set of 4 SHP public image folders illustrate his position and feelings with in Italian reference to the new European R e p o r t o n t e c h n i c a l a n d targets for renewable energies. operational procedures to better A report that gathers the results of the integrate small hydro plants in the discussion has been produced in environment. English. This report as well as the APER’s report 2007-2008 on programme of the forum and the list hydropower (http://www.aper.it/ of participants can be found in the n e w s i t e / i m a g e s / s t o r i e s / SHERPA website at www.esha. be/ S C H E D E A P E R / SHERPA. The programme, the report aper_reportidroe08.pdf) and the Power Point presentations CD of Layman’s Guide in Italian. are also available for download at http://www.aper.it/newsite/index.php? The title of the Forum ―L’idroelettrico option=com_content&task=view&id=3 e i target europei al 2020: quali 226&Itemid=386 obiettivi sono alla nostra portata‖ (Hydropower and the new The Forum was the occasion to get in European targets for 2020: touch with many of the institutions which targets can be and stakeholders involved in SHP. achieved?) was chosen to focus the attention on the
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National Policy Workshop in Sweden
SHERPA info brochure Report on Environmental integration The Swedish National Policy Forum prepared for SHERPA by APER on small Hydropower (SHP) took place on the 17:th of September 2008 The topics discussed during the in Gothenburg by Scandic Crown workshop were: Hotel. The event was organised by the Swedish Renewable Association 1- Existing power generation, Energy Association (SERO – potentials and plans. Sveriges Energiföreningars 2- The Norwegian model for Riksorganisation) under Intelligent calculating potentials for SHP. Energy for Europe program within the framework of the SHERPA project. 3- Development of the power generation market. In total 60 persons attended the 4- The licensing process, an Forum. The statistics of the obstacle for expansion? participants was as follows: 5- The Water Framework Directive, the impact on hydropower Hydropower producers 36, Public institutions 6, 6- How the EU:s targets for SHP Consultants 5, Renewables will affect the Member of the Regional Authority hydropower? 2, 7- Aluminium construction of the Member of the Swedish parliament waterway – Intake grid and ways 1, of aluminium at Träbena kvarn Environmental Associations 2 and 8- The environmental issues of others 8. hydropower. The participants were provided with 9- The development of green the following documents: certificates 10- Panel: What is needed for an Layman’s Guide in Swedish ESHA increased electricity generation handbook on SHP in Swedish from SHP? Public Image folders prepared for SHERPA SERO & ESHA information More information regarding the work brochures shop can be found on: http:// www.sero-srf.se/ and www.esha.be
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
National Policy Workshop in Poland The Forum was organized jointly by the EC BREC / Institute for Fuels and Renewable Energy, (Instytut Paliw i Energii Odnawialnej, IP&EO), the Polish Hydropower Association (Towarzystwo Elektrowni Wodnych, TEW) and the Association for Development of Small Hydropower Plants (Towarzystwo Rozwoju Małych Elektrowni Wodnych, TRMEW). It was held on September 11th 2008 in the premises of the Institute of Fuels and Renewable Energy in Warsaw.
Unlike previous events, the main form of the debate was an open discussion on the issues vital for the development of SHP sector in Poland rather than on delivering specialized lectures.
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The invitation to the Forum was sent to a number of institutions and NGOs, including: 1. Ministry of Agriculture 2. Ministry of Economy 3. Ministry of Environment 4. Ministry of Regional Development 5. National Water Management Council (KRGW) 6. National Water Management Board (KZGW) 7. Regional Water Management Boards (RZGW) 8. Voivodship Boards of Reclamation and Water Infrastructure (WZMiUW) 9. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) 10. Renewable Energy Association (SEO) 11. Polish Renewable Energy Chamber (PIGEO) 12. Polish Angling Association (PZW) 13. Greenpeace Poland 14. Members of TEW and TRMEW All the Sessions were chaired by Mr Stanislaw Lewandowski and Dr Janusz Steller, President and Deputy President of the Polish Hydropower Association, respectively.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
The Forum was attended by ca 70 persons, representing private and public hydropower sector, water management administration, governmental agencies and institutions as well as some NGOs . Session I was started by a keynote lecture prepared by the TEW Presidium and delivered by Dr Janusz Steller. The discussion was the hydropower potential of Poland. Poland is featured with rather modest water resources.Rough assessments of SHP technical potential indicate the value of 5050 GWh/annum. With about 900 GWh annual production (normalized value) we are again close to 18 % utilisation of national resources. Session II covered the issues on SHP and water management, natural and social environment. Session III dealt with the Technical, administrative and economic conditions for SHP development. A representative of the Ministry of Regional Development, Mrs Sylwia Wilk, was asked to join the Panel Group. Presentations were divided into : • Assessment of the current system of investment projects economic support • European funds for
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renewable energy sources. Operational Programme ―Infrastructure and Environment‖, Actions 9.4 and 10.3 The Small Hydropower National Policy Forum, shown again a need for an open discussion between various parties involved in the utilisation and protection of water bodies. The discussion with representatives of the Polish Angling Association was especially fruitful, as it proved willingness to a compromise on both sides. It also gave a possibility of common action aimed at finding the most reasonable solution to the problem of mitigating some impacts on the natural environment. The debate has proved also rather low interest of the Polish state in development of hydropower in our country, despite rising problems with CO2 pollution, insufficient capability of regulatory power generation and unsatisfactory level of green energy production. This proves the need for lobbying. As no proceedings of the National Forum were published, it is planned to place the presentations delivered and this report at the TEW website and ESHA website.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
4– WORKING TOWARDS IMPROVING SHP PUBLIC IMAGE Sherpa project has focussed on some particular issues directed to improve the public image of SHP and the development of a set of targeted co-ordinated actions, in which different partners had the opportunity to act and react.
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management have been defined as the major international problems faced by the International Community, this sort of approach seems to be the only rational way to continue using a reliable source of renewable energy while at the same time maintaining a healthy environment and a sustainable ecosystem.
First of all, the choice of Small Hydropower, i.e. plants with a capacity of less than 10 MW: they are often run-of-river hydro plants and, thanks to the absence of a storage basin, have a minor impact on the hydrological regime of the river, one of the most important sources of environmental impact. Secondly, the application of a careful and modern design based on the application of mi t i g a t i o n a n d c o mp en s at i on E n v i r o n m e n t a l I n t e g r a t i o n measures that can ameliorate Brochure has been prepared by integration of Small Hydro Plants APER from Italy. This brochure aims (SHP) in the environment. at describing a new concept of h y d r o p o w e r d e s i g n , m o r e This report can be downloaded at environmentally-friendly than the www.esha.be and hard copies are traditional one. Nowadays, available as well. when climate change and water resource Public Image folders have been produced in order to describe in a concise way the different aspects as far as technology, sector, policy and environment are concern. This information is an easy and effective way of raising awareness of the sector. The public image folders can be downloaded at www.esha.be and they are available in hard copy as well.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
Good practice examples of how to prevent, remedy or mitigate the adverse ecological effects of human alterations to the environmental and hydrological characteristics of surface water bodies were presented and it is hoped that the information contained in the report will help promote consistency in decision-making, by showing that there are ways and means to reconcile social, ecological and economic concerns. There is no formula to develop the perfect project while preserving all interests, it is of course a challenge to balance the diversity of approaches, however we would still like to outline some relevant elements in the process of optimizing decisions: 1– Territorial approach: a hydro project manager has to systematically identify, analyse and find the locally appropriate mitigation measures to address the environmental conditions of that ecosystem or territory. 2– Stakeholders involvement: involving water users and other stakeholders in the identification of cost-effective measure options can help identify practical solutions and improve the effectiveness of the
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selected measures by increasing stakeholders’ understanding of, and support for, them. 3– Monitoring: the implementation of the measures should be followed by a monitoring phase, in order to check the effectiveness on biological function. The result of the monitoring allows the review of the measures so as to improve their efficiency. 4– Cost/efficiency: information on the cost and effectiveness of different measures options provides a basis for comparing the relative cost effi ciency of those options and allows for making judgements about the combination of measures that will produce a given improvement most cost-effectively; A we l l - f u n c t io ni n g r e g u l a t o r y framework and good practice guidelines are essential to assure sustainable hydropower projects and thereby contribute to sustainable water management. In this respect, SHERPA has also covered the concept of social engineering as the activity appart from the technical design necessary
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
For the implementation on technical level. Social engineering aims generally at a higher public acceptance and can be seen as an implementaion –support tool. The methods are manifold and they are explained in a report available at ww.esha.be. Several conceptual approaches like multipurpose plants, multiresources concepts, productionconsumption concepts, synergies, etc.
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plants in Austria in order to measure the level of integration in the environment and the sustainable approach. This exercise is just a first trial in order to develop standard criteria applicable to all SHP. The result of the first test are important for analyzing the relevance of the criteria but this action should be seen as the beginning of a long-term objectives. Therefore, ESHA would like to continue working in this issue even is SHERPA project has reached its end. The sustainable criteria used to develop an Award on SHP cover different categories: Category A: Impacts concerning health and environment. Category B: Safeguard and quality of work. Category C: Know how Category D: Regional development. Category E: Stakeholder interactions. Category F: Profitability Category G: Technical concerns
SHERPA has also developed a Small Hydro Award . ESHA together with the IWHW partner of the consortium have defined some sustainable criteria specifically applicable to small hydropower plant. These IWHW has created a kind of software criteria have been tested as well in two different
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
Application in order to measure the different criteria. The info on sustainable criteria , award and results can be found at www.esha.be In order to increase the awareness and the different possibilities to change behavior on public image, SHERPA has work on environmental certification as well. ISO 14001 certification is commonly used in France for SHP plants. In order to promote it use among project developer ADEME has produced a report explaining the ISO certification and how it is applicable to SHP and how it is being used and applied in France. The publication also look at other similar systems in other EU countries. More specifically, ISO 14001 is the international specification for an environmental management system (EMS). It specifies requirements for establishing an environmental policy, determining environmental aspects and impacts of products/activities/ services, planning environmental objectives and measurable targets, implementation and operation of programs to meet objectives and
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targets, checking and corrective action, and management review. ISO 14001 is interesting as it helps SHP plant management to: • Reduce the impacts on the environment; • Forge good relations with the general public, the local authorities, the authorities, the associations; • Build confidence by recognising the importance of environmental issues for all stakeholders; • Prepare the administrative documents for obtaining or renewing permits and authorisations; • Timely planned investments in SHP plants will reduce pressure on the financial performance; • Reinforce confidence which helps accessing loans and insurances at the best prices, and regulatory incentives for demonstrated environmental leadership; • Reduce the chance of accidents and minimise environmental liability and risk; • Ease of managing legal and compliance requirements; • Commitment to social responsibility. T h e r e p o r t i s a va i l a b l e a t www.esha.be
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ENERGAIA 07
Environmental Barometer on SHP
SHERPA project and its main contents were widely disseminated during the annual conference and exhibition ―Energaia‖ International Renewable Energies Exhibition 6 – 7 – 8 december 2007 in Montpellier – Expositions Centre. A session on small hydropower was organised with presentations from some of the SHERPA partners.
ESHA has developed within the SHERPA project a publication reflecting the different point of views from environmental experts on the SHP impact. This publication is the result of a questionnaire sent by ESHA responding to the SHERPA objective of involving NGOs and environmentalists in order to spread and disseminate the project and its results.
The experts involved in this action and interviewed have express their interest not only in SHERPA but also During the 3 days of the event, on the sector and its evolution and ENERGAIA 2007 received 19 000 compromises with the environment. visitors: 9 560 professionals from 63 countries, including the buyers invited The main findings of this report is that by the Business Forum (FIA) actually there is a great consensus ENERGAÏA, as well as 9 000 public that SHP has an impact on the visitors on the days dedicated to environment but it is also agreed that them. Several european regions were this impact depends very much on the approach followed during the represented. planning phase and impact More info on the program as well as assesment studies carried out. the presentations on the SHP session The report can be downloaded at are available at www.esha.be www.esha.be
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
5- LOCAL APPROACH: A KEYSTONE IN THE SHP DEVELOPMENT Developing SHP projects with a sustainable approach needs to integrate numerous constrains from a technical and economic point of view and from environmental, biological, socio-economic as well. In this context, local participation is required to guarantee a good acceptance of the project. Indeed, SHP projects which are mainly decentralised and very locally involving the community can’t be developed without an approach integrating all actors involved in the project.
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It is true that the development of SHP in Europe is mainly guide by a complex institutional framework lead mainly by the RES directive and the Wa t e r F r a m e w o r k D i r e c t i v e . Incentives to promote SHP are mainly described and boosted by the RES Directive but unfortunately the implementation of the Water Framework Directive is one main barrier reaching the actual potential of SHP projects at local level and involving a considerable number of s t a k e h o l d e rs su c h a s wa t e r managers, hydro developers, fishermen, ecologist and in general water and river users at the river basin level.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
On the other hand, the long administrative procedures to get licences and concessions add risk and cost in terms of time and money to the potential investors, making the sector less attractive than other RES. Again, the concession process is taking part mainly at regional level with the local authorities. SHERPA trough several actions tried to better integrate the local constrains within SHP development. WFD and RES-E Directives The promotion of electricty from renewable energy sources is a high Community priority because it c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h e f o l l o wi n g objectives: (a) environmental protection, (b)sustainable development, (c)security of energy supply by reducing dependence on energy imports, (d) improvement of industrial competitiveness, (e) p o s i t i ve i m p a c t o n r e g i o n a l development and employment. The European Directive on the promotion of Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources (RES-e) sets a
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target of 12% of gross inland energy consumption from renewables and a share of 22% for green electricity for the European Union as a whole by 2010. Furthermore, the decision of the 2007 Spring Council, where Europe’s Heads of States agreed to a bind ing target of 20% renewable energy by 2020, laid the ground for renewable energy sources to become a major pillar of the EU’s future energy supply. The 20% target is an ambitious but realistic objective! So the European policy framework for renewable energies gives Member States a reason to look at hydropower, since it shows the best track record of all renewable energy technologies, being a clean and very efficient renewable energy source. During the twentieth century, hydropower gave a key contribution to the development of the electricity sector in Europe and most of the best sites have been exploited for big plants. Nevertheless, an important role in achieving European renewable energy goals can still be played by small hydropower resources, which are distributed on the continent and can offer all the benefits of dispersed renewable generation.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
APER has produced a reportassesment at river basin level of possible power productivity with reference to objectives and targerts set by the WFD and RES-e directives. This document looks at European Directives respectively on the promotion of renewable energies (Dir. 2001/77/EC) and on the protection of waters (Dir. 2000/60/EC), taking into account their effects on national and regional legislation, with particular reference to the hydropower sector. Hydropower deals indeed with both the issues of energy and water and if the two Directives are implemented without taking into account a comprehensive and integrated approach, this can lead to an inconsistent and distorted result. In May 2001 the EU Water Directors agreed to define a common strategy to achieve a successful implementation of Directive 2000/60/ EC (Common Implementation Strategy - CIS) and in November 2005 established an EU Strategic Steering Group (SSG) to address the issue of better integration of policies and to ensure coherence between the
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implementation of the WFD and other sectoral and structural policies. At the beginning of 2006 a specific working group on ―WFD and hydromorphology‖ was set up to identify and share good practice approaches in order to manage the adverse impacts of water uses on the hydromorphological characteristics of surface water bodies and to elaborate recommendations on the integration of energy (hydropower), transport and flood management policies with water policy. The aim of this report is to propose a methodology to assess the possible hydropower productivity, at river basin level, with reference to objectives and targets set by WFD and RES-e directives. At a second stage the two analyses can be compared, in order to highlight where the targets of the 2 directives could be in conflict. A case study of an Italian river basin (Magra) has been analysed in order to test the applicability of this methodology. Report available at www.esha.be
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
Environmental mitigation: Economic Analysis Hydroelectricity provided by small hydroelectric power plants introduce positive impacts, which justify its development, both at large scale (greenhouse effect avoided…) and at local scale (air pollution avoided, balance between offer and supply and needs for adjustment…) Nevertheless, it comprises negative impacts on aquatic environments operation and in the other river uses, on the one hand on the set-up scale, but also on the layout more or less long, for example when the river accommodates large migrating fishes. In practice, these impacts qualified of ―local‖ in opposition to the greenhouse effect avoided, are in the middle of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies. In the study of the local impacts, the question of the aquatic environments is often developed. Indeed these are complex, dynamic and i n t e r d e p e n d e n t f i e l d s wh o s e components are to be preserved or to be restored to maintain their main role in term of water resources regularisation or of landscape and bio-
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diversity self purification. If several guides were written (in France and Europe) to facilitate, on a s i t e , t h e p r e pa r a t i o n of an Environmental Impact Assessment study (Water Direction 1989, SHF/ ADEME guide, CSP guide…) it is natural to go today beyond the influence zone of this site, to take into account most largely the natural dynamics of a river from its source to its confluence. The report called ―Technical and operational procedures to better integrate SHP plants in environment‖ published by SHERPA, list, in its introduction the most outstanding ―local‖ impacts (in the form ―Effects induced by the hydroelectric production/awaited impacts/People or system affected by these impacts‖ IED has conducted acostbenchmarking of identified and implemented technologies for environmental impact mitigations illustrated with several case studies and scenarios. Report available at www.esha.be
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
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Participatory Approach and Local Planning : A key stone in the SHP development approaches being increasingly used for decision-making regarding Generally, projects of energy and hydopower sector. e n v i r o n m e n t a l f e a t u r e s a r e Regulatory instruments for small irremediably sullied with conflicts and h yd r o el ect ric it y ar e cu rr ent l y leave room to an irreducible plurality advancing, based on ―multi of points of view and thus of systems stakeholders‖ dialog processes. of value emanating from individuals After the emergence of direct or very diverse lobbies. regulatory and economic instruments, A manner of considering the a third generation of regulatory acceptability of ―sacrifices‖ that a instruments is now emerging: the group ―could‖ make would be to participative instruments. ensure the participation of the actors Participative approaches play a concerned in the decision-making significant role on quality of decisions process. and results related to the This participation should positively development of the energy potential contribute to make actors aware of development of rivers. the benefits associated with the Indeed, a participative decisionsacrifices made, even if those ones making approach improves quality of are differed in time. decisions while facilitating more This acknowledgement indicates the advantageous choices regarding need to set up multi-actors e n vi r o n me n t a l a n d e c o n o mi c participative processes for the aspects, with choices , technically m a n a g e m e n t o f h y d r o p o w e r wiser and socially more acceptable development project. than those that would emerge from E n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d l a w f u l non-participative decision-making negotiations, mediation, advisory processes, as top-down process. From the environmental point of groups, multi-actors workshops, view: the participative approach experts/decision makers makes it possible to leave the very interfaces, think-tank cells are participative
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
expertise circle, and to integrate into the process a pluralistic expertise, taking into account some dimensions sometimes unconsidered by the traditional expertise. It also facilitates a transverse approach, integrating into the reflection all the energy policy fields concerned (other than hydraulic ones) in the perspective of sustainable development. From the economic point of view: The participative approach in a hydropower development project leads to choices economically more relevant, through energy choices resulting in lower economic costs for those who will implement them, provided some e xt e r n al c osts ha ve be e n internalised and a cost/advantages (or social cost) analysis was carried out for each project, highlighting clear improvement of all actors well being. From the technological point of view: Compared to a traditional process, the participative approach allows more flexibility and innovation in the way where technology is apprehended.
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Through opened processes, within which the actors, in particular industrialists, aware of technological breakthrough can express themselves, it will be possible to both avoid too rigid decisions which keep the technological framework in some privileged ways and also , to integrate the technological development in real time in decision-making process. Some recommendations achieve a good participative approach in the field of small hydraulics include the integration of the project in a territorial planning approach. SHERPA has been working with this issues and the project has produced several interesting results. A) On the one hand, a brochure prepared by IED (France) on ―Good practice‖ on participatory approach for SHP development has been issued in English and French. This Brochure compiles some of the recommendations to achieve a good participative approach in the field of SHP including some cases.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
B) On the other hand, SHERPA has developed several territorial plan approach carried out by APER (Italy) and IED (France). APER signed an agreement with a Land Reclamation Consortium, Consorzio di Bonifi ca Muzza Bassa Lodigiana (in the following (―Consorzio Muzza‖), that is developing some hydropower plants along its irrigation channels.
In order to promote a multiple and rational use of water, the Consortium decided to develop an ―hydropower plan‖, that sets the construction of SHP plants along its network of channels. The hydropower plan is designed to be developed in 3 steps: • 1st STEP: setting up of 6 hydropower plants on the main heads, for a total installed capacity of about 11 MW and a productivity of about 60.000.000 kWh/year;
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• 2nd STEP: setting up of 6 hydropower plants on the secondary network and on dips, where heads are still quite favorable, for a total installed capacity of about 6 MW and a productivity of about 30.000.000 kWh/year; • 3rd STEP: a preliminary assessment of other suitable sites, along subordinate network, is currently in progress. The aim of this project was to test different methodologies and approaches to promote the involvement of local authorities and stakeholders in the hydropower plan developed by Consorzio Muzza and to use this activity to get some input for the future evolution and expansion of the plan.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
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APER agreed with Consorzio Muzza This project has involved the participation of the local communities a work programme split into: within the Cèze Valley and the Rhône area including contacts between the Step 1: collection of information Languedoc-Roussillon Region and the Department of Gard, the Step 2: first meeting S t e p 3 : i n t e r v i e w s a n d Community Union of the Point-Saint– Esprit Region. The Ministry of questionnaires Industry was also involved. Step 4: data collection and data processing The idea is to refurbish, upgrade or Step 5: final meeting and field visit use already existing sites and infrastructures along the river by I E D t o g et h e r wi t h CE S A ME integrating a coordinated study and environment have developed and approach including a multi criteria inititiave aiming at putting into work a n a l y s i s c o v e r i n g t e c h n i c a l , some small hydropower plants on the e n v i r o n m e n t a l , h y d r o l o g i c a l , legislative, economic and in general Cèze Valley (Rhône tributary) by feasible conditions to develop the Applying a new turbine concept project. working at high efficiency on small head scales without damaging the acuatic spicies.
All information regarding the participative approach and local planning initiatives developed under SHERPA can be found at www.esha.be/SHERPA
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
CONCLUSIONS THE work carried out under SHERPA for two years has covered different areas focussing on the main challenges of the project in order to overcome the barriers and promoting information dissemination and campaign in order to raise awareness about a sector that is not well know the public in general. The main conclusions and recommendations drawing from the experience of the consortium working in SHERPA are: 1– Status of the SHP sector in the EU The SHP sector and projects are very site specific and therefore the information remains very disperse and diverse. Trying to collect and compile data on the market, policy and energy items on an EU level is a very challenged task. Nevertheless, SHERPA has managed to accomplish this task in an acceptable accurate way so that a general view of the current status of the SHP sector is available. The information has revealed that the growth of the sector is slower than foreseen some years ago in view of the EU applicable legislation both the Green paper and the RES-E Directive where projected targets for SHP
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were more promising that what the reality is showing by the available data. This situation is due in great part to the growing environmental concern on the SHP impact on the ecosystems but of course it has boosted after the implementation of the Water Framework Directive. If the SHP continues growing at the same path it has in the previous years, the incentives available thank to the new Energy and Environment Package in which a new Directive for RES with binding targets for 2020 is about to be passed, will have any effect on the sector. Part of the lack of enough interest from policy makers on the sector is precisely the lack of information on the sector as a whole. It is clearly difficult to envisage and define any future or roadmap for the SHP sector if the policy and decision makers do not know where the sector stands right now. Therefore, the main recommendation would be to establish a central office, point of database collecting all the information on hydropower in a centralise way following an agreed and common methodology and guarantying the quality and accuracy of the information.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
2– Think globally act locally This statement becomes a reality in the case of SHP. SHP is facing many barriers of diverse nature but in order to overcome them a simultaneous two dimensional approach are needed: A) from bottom to up: the different workshops organised under S H E R PA h a v e c l e a r l y demonstrate that only when you target the national, regional and local audience, the real concerns and problems arise and people that are dealing with barriers on a daily basis can transmit, communicate and exchange their worriers, experiences and solutions among them. Associations like ESHA, coordinator of SHERPA, are responsible for getting the message, compiling the feedbacks and try to pass these real needs to the policy and decision makers at EU level in order to raise their awareness and to coordinate actions for future legislation and measures more focus on the real needs and problems. B) From up to down: projects like SHERPA funded partially by the EC are a great tool in order to inform at local and national level on the advancement and
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implementation of legislation, measures and instruments favouring not only the SHP sector but the RES and the energy sector in general. This information is highly appreciated by the local and national stakeholders that look at Brussels as something very far and detached from them. For local developers it is important to know that the EC is still supporting the sector. Therefore, the success of the future development of the SHP will only come with a close collaboration of this two level approach. The only way to success in the good functioning is to have associations like ESHA that can serve as the link connecting both approaches. After the two years of work, ESHA considers as urgent tasks needed to be worked out: 1– Administrative barriers an in particular the issue of concessions. The current situation about the concessions award process in most of the EU countries is just unacceptable and a EU action from the legislative point of view urges. 2– Water Framework Directive: It is extremely urgent to bring together all the actors involved in the implementation of this Directive at all
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
All level (local, national, EU). The lack of knowledge, the difficulty of the Directive itself, the fear of its implementation and consequences are just reducing in great amount the future potential and development of the SHP in the EU. If no measures are taking in the following year on the above items, any promotion or support measure develop by EU legislation like the new RES-E Directive with binding targets for 2020 and attractive fee-in tariffs will have zero effect since no project will be developed. 3– Running Towards Sustainability Being aware of the environmental concerns and problems as regard hydropower in general and SHP in particular, SHERPA has worked in trying to improve the public image of SHP, to involve environmentalist organizations and experts in the work and deliverables, raising awareness and distributing information on the already existing actions and methods developed in order to integrate ecosystems in project development and even in producing some publications on case studies, measures for integrating environment in SHP projects and even on new concepts like social engineering.
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But SHERPA has made an additional step and has developed some criteria applicable to SHP that if accomplished will result in awarding a plant as sustainable. SHERPA wanted to first acknowledge that hydro in general and SHP in particular do have an impact on the environment in many forms but also that not all hydro affects the environment and ecosystems in a destructive way. By thinking and developing the sustainability criteria the sector will be in a position to determine which plants have been studied and develop with ―care‖ and which ones haven’t. SHERPA has carried out a testing phase as well in order to see if the criteria are suitable and applicable. It should be mention that criteria and award are in a testing phase and they should be developed and even modified in the future in order to be improved. Nevertheless, this can be considered as the first step into a medium objective trying to make the sector more sustainable and compatible with the environment. The main conclusion is that even if SHP will have an impact on the environment the level and quality of this impact has varied enormously from one plant to another and the definition of criteria could serve as a first approach of standardization measures to test the level of sustainability of a plant.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
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4– My SHP project is your project is our project The involvement and participation of local authorities during the project One of the major issues that SHERPA proposal phase could ease the has covered is the relevance of the difficulty and length of getting all participatory approach and the p e r m i s s i o n s , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e territorial planning for developing requirements and in particular concessions. SHP projects to its end. As a concussion, SHERPA has drown some recommendations for a good Due to the characteristics of SHP participatory approach which are: plant which is on the first place integrated in a nature area and 1– to integrate the project in a making use of the water, elements territorial planning approach,. that belong to everyone and nobody, 2– To associate the project to the any potential project has to integrate development of the territory. and involved all parties and people 3– To implement the project through a affected by the project. The inclusion steering committee as broad as of the local communities and the possible. population in the development of the project from the very beginning is of 4– To inform the local population as high importance in order to be soon as possible. accepted and also to be understood. 5– To associate the industry and companies to the project objectives during the consultation and project On the other hand, the value added implementation. that an integrated participatory approach help the developers to 6– To set up multicriteria analysis improve the project in the best way. tools covering all the thematic linked When many stakeholder are involved to project developemt . from the first phases, compromises 7– To associate independent experts and different points of view can be on the different aspects from other taken into consideration making the countries or domains. project attractive and acceptable for everyone.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
LIST OF EVENTS Dissemination Communication
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conference gave the opportunity to distribute SHERPA material and information among the participants.
Man y e vents in terms of workshops, sessions, conferences, participation in other events as a mean for disseminating and communicating about the project and its results. It should be noticed that vents organised under WP3 (National Policy Workshops) and WP4 (Public Image Campaign) are not listed here since they have been already mentioned and explained in the previous pages. This section covers mainly WP6 of the project on communication and dissemination activities. The following paragraph include a list of all the events happening under SHERPA . All material and detailed information from all the events listed here below are a va i l a b l e a t w ww. e s h a . b e / SHERPA and/or under request to ESHA. 1– EREC Policy Conference, Brussels E RE C
o rg a nize d a Po l ic y Conference in January 2007 in Brussels where ESHA made a presentation. This
The conference was attended by 800 participants representing the main stakeholders of RES in the EU.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
2– HYDRO 07, Granada , Spain A session on SHP issues covering the different aspects SHERPA was working with, was organised during the Conference Hydro07 in October in Granada, Spain. This conference is organised annually by The International Journal of Hydropower and Dams . Presentations from SHERPA partners during the session included topics such as the investment opportunities in SHP in EEC countries, the WFD implementation in Italy or the status and potentials of SHP in the EU.
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2– Conference on Modern Statistics, E U R O S TAT, Luxembourg In December 07, ESHA attended a conference organised by Eurostat. This conference is organized annually and it was a good opportunity for input and feedback on the activities developed under WP2. Most participants represented national official sources of statistical information from EU member states and in different areas.
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
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3– Hidroenergia 08, Bled, Slovenia The Slovenian Small Hydropower Association together with ESHA organized and international event on SHP in June 08 in Bled, Slovenia. Over 250 participants attended the conference which included an exhibition as well and lasted for two complete days. Hidronergia covered all issues in all dimensions attracting the key players and most stakeholders not only of the SHP but the hydro sector in general as well. A special event within Hidroenergia was devoted to SHERPA. The SHERPA policy session was attended by at least half of the Conference participants and it covered the most important aspects on legislation, administration problems, educational basis, barriers, certification and future 4– Copenmind Conference 08, potentials for SHP. Denmark The audience was actively involved in the session as well by posing SERO participated on behalf of SHERPA during the Copenmind questions to the speakers. Conference held in Copenhagen in September 08. The session covered the issue of energy and water footprints, linking water management, sustainable development and energy consumption mainly looking into the water foot prints of energy production. It was a good opportunity for campaigning on public image for SHP
Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
COPENMIND, the global cleantech event matchmaking among 125 universities and more than 1,500 industry executives. The closing session commenced with a keynote speech by Connie Hedegaard, Danish Minister of Climate and Energy. Connie Hedegaard stressed the global need for future energy solutions. She emphasised that universities and research institutions have the knowledge to develop technologies necessary to face these challenges, while industry has the responsibility to make a sustainable future possible through investment. “COPENMIND creates a platform upon which research and industry from across the world can meet in one place and develop partnerships and solutions, and there is still a need to continue this collaboration – we hope we can further this important work during COPENMIND 2009: Energy.‖
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BIBLIOGRAPHY The following publications and documents have been produced under SHERPA projects and are freely available at ESHA website and/or under request 1- ―SHERPA, Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action‖, Project Info, ESHA 07 2– ―Hydropower, the Policy Framework‖, A rigourous policy framework, ESHA 07 3- ―‖Hydropower, the Sector‖ , A dynamic sector, ESHA 07 4- ―Hydropower Technology‖, How it works, ESHA 07 5- ―Hydropower Respects the Environment‖, A clean and indigenous Renewable Energy, ESHA 07 6- ―Idroelettrico Inquadramento Normativo‖, Un quadro normative riguroso, APER 07 7- ―‖Idroelettrico il Settore‖, Un settore dinamico, APER 07 8- ― Idroelettrico la Tecnologia‖, Comme funziona, APER 07 9- ―L’idroelettrico rispeta l’Ambiente‖, Un’energia
rinnovabile pulita e naturale‖, APER 07 9– Report on ―National Policy Workshop in Lithuania‖, LHA 07 10– ―Guia para el Desarrollo de una pequeña central Hidroeléctrica‖, ESHA 07 11– Report on ―Mechanisms of Social Engineering ―, IWHW 08 12– Report on ―National Policy Workshop in Poland‖, EC BREC 08 13– Hydro 07 SHERPA session proceedings, ESHA 07 14- ―Hydropower and Environment‖, Te c h n i c a l a n d o p e r a t i o n a l procedures to better integrate small hydropower plants in the environment, APER 07 15- ―Guida alla Realizzazione di un piccolo impianto Idroelettrico‖, APER 08 16- ― The application of the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System to Small Hydropower Plants‖, ADEME 08 17– Energaia 07, proceedings, ADEME 07
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 18– Report ―National Policy Workshop in Italy‖, APER 08 19– Development of a Good Practice Brochure of Participatory Approach for SHP Development‖, IED 2008 20- Développement des petites centrales hydroélectriques. Approche Participative: GUIDE DES BONNES PRATIQUES, IED 08 21– HYDRorPOWER?, Assessment, at river basin level of possible hydropower porductivity with reference to objectives and targets set by WFD and REES-e Directive, APER 08 22– HYDRor POWER? Valutazione, a scala di bacino, della possibile producibilitá idroelettrica, con riferimento agli obiettivi della Direttiva Acque e della Direttiva Rinnovabili, APER 08 23– HIDROENERGIA 08, proceedings, list of participants, etc ESHA 08 24– Sustainability Criteria for SHP, ESHA 08
25– Strategic Study for Development of Small Hydropower in the European Union, LHA & SERO 08 26– Report ―National Policy Workshop in Sweden‖, SERO 08 27- Small Hydropower Local Planning & Participatory Approach in Italy, APER 08 28– Planificazione Territoriale Partecipata Della Risorsa Idroelettrica, APER 08 2 9 – F r a n c e - R é g i o n PA C A Département du Gard: Mise en Oeuvre d’un plan de Developpement Local Sur La Ceze. ____________________________ ____________________________ SHERPA Project Consortium has been formed by: 1 – E S HA : E ur o p e a n S ma l l Hydropower Association, www.esha.be 2– SSHA: Slo veni an Small Hydropower Association, www.zdmhe.si
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Small Hydro Energy Efficient Promotion Campaign Action Project
3– LHA: Lithuanian Hydropower Association, www.hidro.lt 4– APER: Renewable Energy Producers Association, www.aper.it 5– IED: Innovation Energie Développement, www.ied-sa.fr 6– IWHW: Institut für Wasser, Hydrologie und Konstruktivenn Wasserbau, iwhw.boku.ac.at 7– EC BREC: Laboratorium www.ecbrec.pl
EUROPEAN
C e n t r a l n e ASSOCIATION Naftowe,
SMALL
HYDROPOWER
Renewable Energy House 63-67 Rue d’Arlon - B-1040 Brussels • 8 – A D E M E : A g e n c e d e Belgium l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de T: +32 2 546 1945 • F: +32 2 546 1947 E: info@esha.be • I: www.esha.be l’Energie, www.ademe.fr ESHA is founding member of EREC, the 9– SERO: S v e r i g e s European Renewable Energy Council
Energiföreningars Riksorganisation, www.sero.se