Energy Policies around the World

Energy Policies E N V I R O N M E N T A L A R .

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What Is Energy Efficiency?

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Energy Efficiency Requirements In Building Codes

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Energy Efficiency Policies In New Buildings

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North America

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Japan

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Australia

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New Zealand

What is it?

Energy efficiency simply means using

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

less energy to perform the same task – that is, eliminating energy waste.

Energy efficiency brings a variety of benefits: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing demand for energy imports, and lowering our costs on a household and economy-wide level.

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Need

How?

Energy-efficiency standards are a set of procedures and regulations that prescribe the energy performance of manufactured products, sometimes prohibiting the sale of products that are less efficient than a minimum level

The Laws are made after careful inspection and consideration of the situation the country or region is in. The problem is when laws are replicated without proper context.

Who? Usually Governmental Agencies such as the EPA in the USA make up the laws. In India the Bureau of Energy Efficiency along with parties such as ECBC make up the laws.

Energy Ef ciency Laws

Energy Efficiency rules and laws have to be implemented wherever there is a use of energy even if the energy is sourced from Renewable Alternatives

Best

At present Germany takes the lead at being the most energy efficient in the world

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Where?

Collaboration Countries often get together like at the G20 and Paris Summit to talk about how to help bring a balance to the earth and agree on certain rules and regulations which are then implemented at country level.

Energy Efficiency Requirement in Building Codes to provide minimum requirements for energy efficient design and design of buildings and their systems. encourages energy efficient design or retrofit of buildings so that it does not constrain the building function, comfort, health, or the productivity of the occupants. mandates that the building has appropriate regard for economic considerations.

The code sets clear criteria for builders, designers and architects to integrate renewable energy sources in building design through the inclusion of passive design strategies.

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Buildings where Energy Efficiency Building Codes Apply Large Commercial Buildings

Hospitals

Office Buildings

Retail Malls

Large Amenity Buildings

Hotels

IT Parks

Major Residential Buildings

Government Buildings https://medium.com/@prakritigroupindia/energy-conservation-building-code-a-step-to-increase-energy-efficient-

Building Systems where Energy Efficiency Building Codes Apply Envelope of building — Building envelope, including thermal performance

requirements for walls, roofs, and windows Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) — HVAC system, including energy

performance of chillers and air distribution systems.

Service hot water and pumping — Water heating and pumping systems, including

requirements for solar hot-water systems.

Lighting — Lighting system, including daylighting, and lamps and luminaire

performance requirements.

Electrical power — Electrical system

Energy Efficiency Policies in New Building

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North •

America

Japan

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Australia

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New Zealand

North America Since more than a decade and in particular given the increased concerns about climate change, the interest in energy and the built environment has substantially increased.

Moreover, it has become a world-wide concern.

Two typical features for energy issues in the built environment are: 1.The very important role of the individual citizen in taking the appropriate actions 2.The crucial roles of government in setting the scene, typically through legislative measures and/or stimuli.

Here we will be discussing about the Unites States of America Canada

USA & CANADA

National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB) Building to meet the NECB will help save on energy bills, reduce peak energy demand, and improve the quality and comfort of the building's indoor environment.

Sustainable, energy-efficient buildings built to the code can also help to 1.improve worker productivity by approximately 5 percent 2.deliver a rental premium of 3 to 5 percent 3.increase sales value between 8 and 26 percent The NECB was last updated on December 18, 2015. NECB 2015 contains more than 90 new changes that will further help to ensure a high level of energy efficiency in new Canadian buildings.

https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy-efficiency/energy-efficiency-buildings/energy-efficiency-new-buildings/canadas-national-energy-code/20675

National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB) Some examples of these changes include: new thermal requirements for semi-heated buildings updated maximum allowable lighting power densities, which are harmonized with those of ASHRAE 90.1-2013 new prescriptive requirements for hydronic pump systems and heat rejection equipment demand control ventilation for parking garages

https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy-efficiency/energy-efficiency-buildings/energy-efficiency-new-buildings/canadas-national-energy-code/20675

National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB) The most cost-effective time to incorporate energy efficiency measures into a building is during the initial design and construction phase. It is much more expensive to retrofit later. This is particularly true for the building envelope.

The NECB focuses on five key building elements typically considered during design: Building envelope – Includes walls, windows, doors and roofing, and addresses air infiltration rates and thermal transmission.

Lighting – Measures such as reducing lighting power densities, using lighting controls and making effective use of available daylight are all considered here.

Heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems – Includes heat recovery ventilation, pipe and duct insulation, and building automation and control systems to optimize equipment operation.

Service water heating – Considers all the ways hot water is used in a building and includes requirements to limit water flow rates and maximize waste-water heat recovery, and sets minimum performance standards for service water heating equipment.

Electrical power systems and motors – Establishes requirements for monitoring energy use of electrical distribution systems, sets limits on the size of conductors so as to minimize voltage drop, and establishes standards to govern the selection of transformers and electrical motors.

ENERGY STAR® Multifamily High-Rise Pilot Program Natural Resources Canada is investing in innovative energy-efficient projects and programs to drive economic growth, contribute to our clean energy future, and create quality jobs for Canadians.

The ENERGY STAR® Multifamily High-Rise Pilot Program will recognize buildings in Ontario that are designed 15% more energy efficient than those built to the provincial building code and other program requirements. It will also help builders adopt energy efficient practices when constructing new mid and high-rise residential buildings.

For builders and building owners, certification means lower operating costs and higher income due to increased rental value. For homeowners and tenants, it means superior energy performance leading to lower energy costs.

TM DABO DABO is a commissioning software application for fault detection and diagnosis, performance analysis and documentation.

DABO resulted in energy savings of $300,000 Developed by CanmetENERGY at Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), DABO 1.continuously collects readable data for the centralized building control system 2.analyzes operational faults in electromechanical systems 3.generates reports and recommends corrective measures 4.schedules corrective maintenance team tasks 5.delivers energy consumption reductions of 15 percent to 25 percent

2030 Challenge To accomplish this, Architecture 2030 issued The 2030 Challenge in 2006 asking the global architecture and building community to adopt the following targets: All new buildings, developments and major renovations shall be designed to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 70% below the regional (or country) average/median for that building type.

At a minimum, an equal amount of existing building area shall be renovated annually to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 70% of the regional (or country) average/median for that building type.

The fossil fuel reduction standard for all new buildings and major renovations shall be increased to: 1.80% in 2020 2.90% in 2025 3.Carbon-neutral in 2030 (using no fossil fuel GHG emitting energy to operate).

JAPAN

Japan’s Strategies

https://www.aceee.org/sites/default/files/pdf/conferences/intl/2018/ito.pdf

Japan’s Strategies

https://www.eu-japan.eu/sites/eu-japan.eu/files/Nishida.pdf

ECCJ (Energy Conservation Center, Japan) ECCJ (Energy Conservation Center, Japan) is the Energy Efficiency Facilitating Hub for the United Nations’ SE4All (Sustainable Energy for All) initiative.

ECCJ works to promote energy conservation and efficiency through: 1.Providing a wealth of information concerning energy efficiency 2.Assisting in energy-related projects in Japan and developing countries 3.Cooperating in the implementation of energy efficiency related policies in Japan Furthermore, in developing countries, particularly within Asia, Japan has played an active role in integrating the public and private sectors in developing human resources focused on energy conservation and institution-building based on its experience in these areas.

https://seforallateccj.org/about-us/#background

Building Energy Saving Act Under this Act, in order to improve the energy consumption performance of buildings, measures such as the establishment of a duty to comply with the energy consumption performance standards of buildings of a certain size other than houses and the establishment of a certification system for energy consumption performance improvement plans Was taken. " Notification of energy-saving measures" such as new construction of buildings of 300 m 2 or more, which was taken under the conventional "Act on the Rational Use of Energy" (conventional energy-saving law), and housing businesses Measures such as the “House Top Runner System” have been transferred to the Building Energy Conservation Act. "Compliance obligation for large-scale non-residential buildings", "Ministerial certification system for buildings using special structures and equipment", "Performance improvement plan certification/floor ratio exception" and "Standard compliance certification/display system" Was taken.

http://www.ibec.or.jp/ee_standard/outline.html

Japan’s Top Runner Programme Japan’s Top Runner Programme, introduced in 1999, is a set of energy efficiency standards for energy intensive products, such as home appliances and motor vehicles. As of 2014, the programme involved 23 product categories.

Products are included due to either their high energy or widespread use or their substantial scope for improving energy efficiency. Energy efficiency targets are set to be achieved within a given number of years on the basis of the most efficient model on the market (the ‘Top Runner’).

The Top Runner sets the standard but takes into account the limits of future potential improvements: standard setting takes into account the potential for technological innovation and diffusion. https://www.futurepolicy.org/ecologically-intelligent-design/japans-top-runner-programme/

Energy Conservation Law / Law on Rational Use of Energy Based on this law, Japan issued a set of building energy standards for commercial and residential buildings called the Criteria for Clients on the Rationalization of Energy Use for Buildings (CCREUB).

Two standards apply to residential building: 1) Design and Construction Guidelines on the Rationalization of Energy Use for Houses (DCGREUH), issued by the Ministry of Construction 2) Criteria for Clients on the Rationalization of Energy Use for Houses (CCREUH), issued by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Construction

Comparison

Design and Construction Guidelines on the Rationalization of Energy Use for Houses The prescriptive-based Design and Construction Guidelines on the Rationalization of Energy Use for Houses (1999), or DCGREUH, includes insulation of the building envelope, HVAC, water heating, as well as guidance on maintenance and operations in its section entitled “how to live.”

The energy code for commercial buildings references three climate zones: ordinary, cold and tropical. Most areas in Japan fall into the ordinary zone.

The energy codes for residential buildings or houses also provide values adjusted for regional and climate differences for insulation-related indictors Climate zones I and II are located in northern areas with cold winters and hot summers, and climate zones V and VI are located in southern areas with warm winters and hot summers. https://www.kkj.or.jp/contents/english/index.html

Criteria for Clients on the Rationalization of Energy Use for Buildings The CCREUB has requirements for specific building envelope components by climate zone.

The specific components selected receive different scores depending on their impact on energy efficiency.

For example, there are three levels of insulation considered, each with a different score.

The total score of the building envelope is corrected for the location, shape, orientation and function of the building.

Each building must have a total score of at least 100. https://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-17849.pdf

Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) is a method for evaluating and rating the environmental performance of buildings and the built environment.

CASBEE has been designed to both enhance the quality of people's lives and to reduce the life-cycle resource use and environmental loads associated with the built environment, from a single home to a whole city.

Consequently, various CASBEE schemes are now deployed all over Japan and supported by national and local governments.

Japan Sustainable Building Database(JSBD)

The Association for Environmentally Symbiotic Housing Environmentally Symbiotic Housing Promotion Council attempts to develop environmentally symbiotic society that enjoys invaluable benefits from the nature such as the sun, wind, water and greenery, that are gifted us with "comfort" and "satisfaction" brought by effectively and sustainably arranging the residential environment of the town.

The Council aims at promoting the development of residence, town or living that preserves global environment, and provides comfortable as well as healthy living conditions with affinity for the surrounding environment.

https://www.kkj.or.jp/contents/english/index.html

Building in Energy Sector, Japan

https://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-17849.pdf

AUSTRALIA

Energy Efficiency Council (EEC) The EEC is Australia’s peak body for energy efficiency, cogeneration and demand management.

Improving Australia’s energy efficiency will: Improve productivity and ensure that Australia is globally competitive Lower energy bills and keep energy affordable Help transform Australia’s energy system and lower greenhouse emissions Create jobs and investment, tapping into a global market worth $470 billion a year. https://www.eec.org.au/uploads/Documents/Platofrm%20Documents/ Australian%20Energy%20Efficiency%20Policy%20Handbook%20%E2%80%93%20July%202016.pdf

National Construction Code 2019 (NCC) Deals with energy efficiency provisions for commercial buildings, institutional buildings and apartment building common areas The Trajectory for Low Energy Buildings (the trajectory) considers opportunities for the NCC in the context of a broader trajectory for the building sector.

Developed cooperatively between the Australian Government and state and territory governments, it identifies cost-effective opportunities for energy efficiency improvements throughout the building system, from thermal performance to appliance energy usage and renewable energy generation.

https://www.energy.gov.au/government-priorities/energy-productivity-and-energy-efficiency/buildings-research-and-analysis#toc-anchor-national-constructioncode-2019-ncc

5-Star Energy Efficiency Standard for Residential Buildings . In 2006, the Building Code of Australia set a new residential building energy efficiency standard of 5 stars, as rated by software tools accredited under the Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS).

The Evaluation of the 5-Star Energy Efficiency Standard for Residential Buildings is the first evaluation of energy efficiency standards for houses in Australia based on comparison of actual energy use.

The study monitored the energy use of more than 400 houses (with around 50% the houses undergoing more detailed monitoring of heating and cooling) in Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide, from June 2012 to February 2013. https://www.energy.gov.au/government-priorities/energy-productivity-and-energy-efficiency/buildings-research-and-analysis#toc-anchor-national-constructioncode-2019-ncc

National Energy Productivity Plan The National Energy Productivity Plan (NEPP) is a COAG Energy Council agreed package of measures to improve Australia’s energy productivity by 40% between 2015 and 2030.

The COAG Energy Council recognised that improving energy productivity helps: businesses reduce their energy costs through innovation and modernising their infrastructure households benefit through lower energy bills and increased home comfort Australia reduce its greenhouse emissions https://www.energy.gov.au/government-priorities/energy-productivity-and-energy-efficiency/buildings-research-and-analysis#toc-anchor-national-constructioncode-2019-ncc

NEW ZEALAND

EECA Energy Efficiency & Conservation Authority EECA's purpose is to mobilise New Zealanders to be world leaders in clean and clever energy use.

It is the government agency that works to improve the energy efficiency of New Zealand homes and businesses, and encourage the uptake of renewable energy.

Nationwide uptake of energy efficient technology, such as LED lighting and heat pumps, could significantly reduce the cost of meeting New Zealand’s ambitious renewable electricity goals, according to new modelling.

The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA) has investigated the role energy efficiency can play in supporting the government’s ambition towards 100% renewable electricity by 2035 https://www.eeca.govt.nz/energy-use-in-new-zealand/energy-strategy-and-policy/

New Zealand Energy Strategy (2011-2021) The New Zealand Energy Strategy (2011-2021) sets the strategic direction for the energy sector and the role energy will play in the New Zealand economy.

The overall goal is to make the most of our abundant energy potential, for the benefit of all New Zealanders.

The New Zealand Energy Strategy 2011-2021 sets out four priority areas: Diverse resource development (including renewable energy) Environmental responsibility Efficient use of energy Secure and affordable energy https://www.eeca.govt.nz/energy-use-in-new-zealand/energy-strategy-and-policy/

New Zealand Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy (NZEECS) The strategy is titled “Unlocking our energy productivity and renewable potential.”

Its goal is for New Zealand to have an energy productive and low emissions economy.

It encourages businesses, individuals and public sector agencies to take actions that will help unlock our renewable energy, and energy efficiency and productivity potential, to the benefit of all New Zealanders.

The strategy’s three priority areas are: renewable and efficient use of process heat efficient and low-emissions transport innovative and efficient use of electricity. https://www.mbie.govt.nz/building-and-energy/energy-and-natural-resources/energy-strategies-for-new-zealand/

Renewable Energy Strategy Work Programme The Government’s vision is for an affordable, secure, and sustainable energy system that provides for New Zealanders’ wellbeing in a low emissions world.

The renewable energy strategy work programme focusses on three main outcomes: An inclusive and consumer focused energy system A system that encourages increased investment in low emissions technologies, and An innovative and modern energy system that creates new opportunities for business and consumers.

https://www.mbie.govt.nz/building-and-energy/energy-and-natural-resources/energy-strategies-for-new-zealand/