Pollution and Types of Pollution

19171NB002

Esther Kiruba Jebakumar Clifford Resource Management & Ecology

P OLLUT IO N

W H AT I S POLLUTION?

PO LL UTION IN THE WOR LD

Po l l u t i o n i s the introduction o f co n t a m i n a n t s i n to t h e n a t u r a l environment that cause adverse change.

Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.

Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances / energies or naturally occurring contaminants.

Pol lution is often cla ssed a s point source or non point source pollution.

In 2015, pollution killed 9 million people in the world.

Major forms of pollution include: Air pollution Water pollution Soil Pollution Light Pollution Noise Pollution

We live in an ecosystem where the action of one has the potential to affect the many. This can be a good or a bad thing, depending on what the action is. Our mistakes has polluted the environment that we live in and we are waking up and owning to the fact. We are trying to reverse the damage.

The good news is that every positive action counts. The small effort you make towards a greener environment can start a healing ripple effect. We may still save what is left of our natural resources and make the world a better place to live in for our future generation.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/pollution.html Beil, Laura (15 November 2017). "Pollution killed 9 million people in 2015". Sciencenews.org. Retrieved 1 December2017.

"Pollution – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary".

https://foobot.io/resources/air-quality-standards-around-the-world/

/AIR POLLUTION Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog.

Air pollution is caused by the presence in the atmosphere of toxic substances, mainly produced by human activities, even though sometimes it can result from natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, dust storms and wildfires, also depleting the air quality.

The burning of fossil fuels contributes to the formation of smog, a dense

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layer of particulate matter that hangs

A major source of air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels. Vehicle and factory emissions are common sources of this

like a cloud over many major cities and industrial zones. Air pollution contributes to respiratory problems such as asthma, lung cancer, chronic

type of air pollution.

The burning of fossil fuels contributes to the formation of smog, a dense layer of particulate matter that hangs like a cloud over many major cities and industrial zones.

bronchitis, and other lung ailments.

Remedies:

Nitrogen and sulfur oxides in the air

1.Renewable fuel and clean energy production

contribute to acid rain, which is a form of precipitation with a lower (more acidic) pH than normal. Acid rain harms forests, species that live in

2.Energy conservation and efficiency 3.Eco-friendly transportation 4.Green building

water bodies, and degrades outdoor statues, monuments, and buildings.

https://solarimpulse.com/air-pollution-solutions https://www.nrdc.org/stories/water-pollution-everything-you-need-know https://foobot.io/resources/air-quality-standards-around-the-world/

SOL UT IO NS

https://www.who.int/airpollution/infographics/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-6-1200px.jpg?ua=1

\ WAT E R P O L L U T I O N Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities.

Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater. Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into the natural environment.

Water is uniquely vulnerable to pollution. Known as a “universal solvent,” water is able to dissolve more substances than any other liquid on earth. Toxic substances from farms, towns, and factories readily dissolve into and mix with it, causing water pollution.

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British poet W. H. Auden once noted, “Thousands have lived without love, not one without water.” Some 80 percent of the world’s wastewater is dumped—largely untreated—back into the environment, polluting rivers, lakes, and oceans.

This widespread problem of water pollution is jeopardizing our health.

Meanwhile, our drinkable water

Sewage is another name for waste water from domestic and industrial processes.

Agricultural processes such as uncontrolled spreading of slurries and manure Oil Pollution & River and Manure Dumping Remedies: 1.Treatment of Water 2.Save Water 3.Environmental Friendly Products 4.Preventing Oil Spills

sources are finite: Less than 1 percent of the earth’s freshwater is actually accessible to us.

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2019/08/20/impacts-of-water-pollution http://www.environmentlaw.org.uk/rte.asp?id=90 https://www.nrdc.org/stories/water-pollution-everything-you-need-know

WATER T RIVIA

https://venngage.com/templates/infographics/world-without-water-0fa452b4-749d-4150-8f88-415c80265fe4

SOIL POLLUTION

Soil Pollution has gradually become a major challenge that we need to overcome for establishing a healthy environment. Weathering of the earth’s crusts by different processes leads to the formation of soil that accumulates over the centuries.

In d i a n

economy is

largely

Soil can become polluted by industrial sources or the improper disposal of toxic chemical substances.

Common sources of soil pollution include asbestos, lead, PCBs, and overuse of pesticides/herbicides.

In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in charge of cleaning up uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, which are referred to as "Superfund" sites. Many of these sites are abandoned or improperly-managed industrial zones.

dependent on agriculture. Thus, we Indians give very high priority to the development of agriculture, fisheries, and livestock. Therefore, for surplus production, it is very important to protect crops from any type of damage that occurs due to insects, weeds, rodents and other crop diseases It is very important to judiciously use pesticides because it contains lots of different harmful chemicals.

Therefore, to improve soil and prevent soil pollution it is important

S OURCE : Agriculture and animal husbandry Fertilizers, Pesticides Nuclear Testing Traffic

Remedies: 1.Soil Washing 2.Bioremediation 3. Thermal desorption 4.Tree Planting

to limit the use of pesticides and herbicides.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/environmental-chemistry/soil-pollution/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809917300796https://sciencing.com/soil-pollutionremedies-23769.html#:~:targetText=Many%20technologies%20can%20be%20used,extract%20or%20break%20down%20pollutants.

SOI L CONTAMINATION https://visual.ly/community/infographic/environment/polluted-soil

LIGHT POLLUTION

Light pol lution exists in four different forms: Glare: This is when a light that is too bright often causes glare, or a visual discomfort, when looking at the light.

Skyglow:

Light pollution refers to the large amount of light produced by most urban and other heavily-populated areas. Light pollution prevents citizens from seeing features of the night sky and has also been shown to impede the migration patterns of birds and the activities of nocturnal animals.

The inappropriate or excessive use of artificial light – known as light pollution – can have serious environmental consequences for humans, wildlife, and our climate.

With much of the Earth’s population living under light-polluted skies, over lighting is an international concern. If you live in an urban or suburban area all you have to do to see this type of pollution is go outside at night and look up at the sky.

This is when too many external artificial lights cause the night sky to

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glow

Street Lights

Light trespass:

Advertising Lights Bill Boards

This is when a big, bright light

Vehicular Lights

shining on one area usually trespasses and shines on unwanted areas.

Clutter: This is when you have too many lights bunched up together or when

Remedies: 1.Motion Sensors 2.Proper Planning and Calculations 3. Reduce Decorative Lighting 4.Glare Free Lights on Vehicles

the lights are grouped in confusing ways, and it can make you dizzy or confused looking at them.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/light-pollution-definition-causes-effects.html https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/impressive-ways-reduce-light-pollution.php

SAVE E NERGY

https://www.darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Postcard-back-web.jpg

R ED UCE LIGH T P OLLUT IO N

https://www.nvlightingga.com/blog/ reduce-light-pollution-from-outdoorlighting/

NOISE POLLUTION Noise pollution is a major problem in India. The government of India has

rules

and

regulations

a gainst firecrackers and loudspeakers, but enforcement is extremely lax.

Aw a a z Fo u n d a t i o n i s a n o n -

Noise pollution typically refers to human-made noises that are either very loud or disruptive in manner. This type of pollution has been shown to impact the movement of sea mammals, such as dolphins and whales and also impacts the nesting success of birds.

Noise pollution induces hearing loss, high blood pressure, stress, and sleep disturbance. It is also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems.

governmental organization in India working to control noise pollution f r o m v a r i o u s s o u r ce s t h r o u g h

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advocacy, public interest litigation,

Transport Systems

awareness,

Industries and Mechanisation

and

educational

campaigns since 2003.

Social Events and Festivals

In 2 0 1 5, T h e Na t i o n a l G r e e n

Household Appliances

Tribunal directed authorities in Delhi to ensure strict adherence to

Remedies:

guidelines on noise pollution, saying

1.The Hierarchy of Controls

noise is more than just a nuisance as

2.Urban Planning

it can produce serious psychological

3. Quieter Engines

stress. However, implementation of

4.Redirecting Air and Land Traffic

the law continues to remain poor.

https://eschooltoday.com/pollution/noise-pollution/sources-of-noise-pollution.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/pollution.htm

N OI S E S O URCES

https://visual.ly/community/infographic/environment/noise-pollution-ecosystem