Project 2: Intergration with Design Studio 5 by Esther Tong

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5

Tutor: Mr. Siva

TONG CHIA SIN 1101A12324 SITE A

Content Page 1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 DAYLIGHTING A. Market Section B. Yoga & Aerobics Area C. Bakery 1.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING A. Market Section B. Café C. Office

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.1 EXTERNAL NOISE (SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL) A. Ground Floor Level 2.2 SOUND REDUCTION INDEX & REVERBERATION TIME A. Office B. Yoga & Aerobics C. Café

3.0 APPENDIX 4.0 REFERENCES

1.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 1.1 DAYLIGHTING Zone: A. Market Section

Daylight Factor =

x 100%= 8.83%

According to MS 1525, Daylight factor that exceeds 6% is considered as very bright and carries large thermal and glare issue. Hence, the space is shaded by the use of louver panels at the front faรงade to help reduce direct sunlight and glare at certain hours during day time. Louvers are moveable to allow users to control the amount of light entering the market. Also, fenestrations are made up of low-e glass with aluminium frame, which helps to block out the heat from outdoor. Zone: B. Yoga and Aerobics Section

Daylight Factor =

x 100%= 8.69%

The daylight factor shows that the Aerobics and Yoga section is 8.69%. According to MS1525, the range higher than 6% is considered too brightly lit, therefore louvers aside, there is a fabric curtain to allow users to control the light into the space. Zone: C. Bakery

Daylight Factor =

x 100%= 5.22%

The daylight factor shows that the Aerobics and Yoga section is 5.22%. According to MS1525, the range between 3-6% is considered bright enough and has good light distribution. It is South-West facing, meaning it receives most sunlight during the evening. During the morning, it might require artificial lighting to light up the space.

1.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING A. Market Section Types of Light Bulb

Lamp Type

LED bulb

Light Colour

Warm White

Wattage

54 Watt

Initial Lumens

1900 Lm

Colour Temperature

3000 K

CRI

>90

Characteristics

Appealing ambiance, diffuses, does not cause glare

MASTER LED Lamps LV

Lamp Type

LED Spotlight

Light Colour

Cool White

Wattage

10 Watt

Initial Lumens

430 Lm

Colour Temperature

4000 K

CRI

Characteristics

Indoor Spotlight, Enhance Depth

Lumen Method Calculation Dimension of Room

15.9 x 7.2

Total Floor Area (m2)

114.5

Standard Illuminance Required (lux)

350 (200-700)

According to MS1525 Assumption of Reflectance Value

70, 50, 20

Mounting Height (Hm)

4.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 0.85 = 3.15m

Room Index (K)

15.9x7.2 / (15.9+7.2)(3.15) = 1.6

Maintenance Factor

0.71

Utilization Factor

0.51

Number of Luminaires Across,

Pendant Light

N= (E x A)/( F x UF x MF)

=350 x 114.5 / 1900x0.71x0.51 =58.2 =59 LED Bulbs

MASTER LED Lamps LV =350 x 114.5 / 430x0.71x0.51 =25.7 =26 LED Spotlights Illuminance Level,

Pendant Light

E= (NxFxUFxMF)/A

59x1900x0.51x0.71/114.5 =354 lux

LED Lamps 26x430x0.51x0.71/114.5 = 35 lux Total= 354 + 35 =389 lux Standard MS1525 Luminance requirement of the market section (350), the space is therefore brightly lit enough.

Spacing to Height Ratio √

Formula:

SHR= (1 / 3.15) x√ = 0.44

S = 0.44H S = 0.44 x 3.15 S = 1.39m The spacing between each luminaire requires 1.39m away from each other. Row of lamp = 7.2 / 1.39 = 5 rows Number of lamps in each row = 59lamps / 5rows =11.8 lamps Meaning 4 rows need 12 lamps each, whereas 1 row needs 11 lamps

B. Café Ecotone High Lumen Twister

Lamp Type

Fluorescent Bulb

Light Colour

Cool White

Wattage

Initial Lumens

2850

Colour Temperature

6500 K

CRI

Characteristics

Emits without glare and harsh shadows

Lumen Method Calculation Dimension of Room

4.4 x 10.5

Total Floor Area (m2)

46.2

Standard Illuminance Required (lux)

200

According to MS1525 Assumption of Reflectance Value

70, 50, 20

Mounting Height (Hm)

4.5 – 0.85 = 3.15m

Room Index (K)

4.4 x 10.5 / (4.4+10.5)(3.15) = 0.98

Maintenance Factor

0.67

Utilization Factor

0.47

Number of Luminaires Across,

=200 x 46.2 / 2850x0.47x0.67

N= (E x A)/( F x UF x MF)

=10.3 =11 Bulbs

Illuminance Level, E= (NxFxUFxMF)/A

LED Lamps 11x2850x0.67x0.47/46.2 = 213.7 lux

Standard MS1525 Luminance requirement of the café is 350 lux, the space is therefore brightly lit enough.

Spacing to Height Ratio √

Formula:

SHR= (1 / 3.15) x√ = 0.65

S = 0.65H S = 0.65 x 3.15 S = 2.05m The spacing between each luminaire requires 2.05m away from each other. Row of lamp = 4.4 / 2.05 = 3 rows Number of lamps in each row = 11lamps / 3rows =3.7 lamps Meaning 2 rows need 4 lamps each, whereas 1 row needs 3 lamps

Office Square Recessed LED Downlight Lamp Type

LED Bulb

Light Colour

Cool White

Wattage

Initial Lumens

1900

Colour Temperature

6500 K

CRI

Characteristics

Emits without glare and creates visually comfortable space for working

Lumen Method Calculation Dimension of Room

6.7 x 5.5

Total Floor Area (m2)

36.9

Standard Illuminance Required (lux)

300

According to MS1525 Assumption of Reflectance Value

70, 30, 20

Mounting Height (Hm)

4.5 – 0.85 = 3.15m

Room Index (K)

6.7x5.5 / (6.7+5.5)(3.15) = 0.96

Maintenance Factor

0.67

Utilization Factor

0.47

Number of Luminaires Across,

=300 x 36.9 / 1900x0.47x0.67

N= (E x A)/( F x UF x MF)

=18.5 =19 Bulbs

Illuminance Level,

LED Lamps

E= (NxFxUFxMF)/A

19x1900x0.67x0.47/36.9 = 308.1 lux

Standard MS1525 Luminance requirement of the office is 300 lux, the space is therefore brightly lit enough.

Spacing to Height Ratio Formula:

√

SHR= (1 / 3.15) x√ = 0.44

S = 0.44H S = 0.44 x 3.15 S = 1.39m

The spacing between each luminaire requires 1.39m away from each other. Row of lamp = 6.7 / 1.39 = 5 rows Number of lamps in each row = 19lamps / 5rows =3.8 lamps Meaning 4 rows need 4 lamps each, whereas 1 row needs 3 lamps

2.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 2.1 External Noise at Ground level

Sound Pressure Level Calculation: N= =

Noise Source: A) Busy Traffic Noise = 80dB B) Normal Conversation = 40dB

A) Traffic Noise = 80dB 80 = Antilog 8 = 8x

= l1 = 1 x

B) Conversation = 40dB 40 =

Antilog 4 = 4x

= l1 = 1 x

Total Intensities =( =

)+(

)

Combined SPL = = = 10 x 8 = 80dB

Acoustic Standard ANSI (2008) S12.2-2008 Acoustic must provide a suitable environment within a particular space follow the American National Standard Institute ANSI (2008) S12.2-2008 Criteria for Evaluation Room Noise. Type of interior, task or activity dB Small Auditorium (<500 Seats)

35-39

Large Auditorium (>500 Seats)

30-35

Open Plan Classroom

Meeting rooms

35-44

Office (Small, Private)

40-48

Corridors

44-53

Courtrooms

39-44

Restaurants

48-52

Shops and Garage

57-67

Circulation Path

48-52

Open Plan office area

35-39

The sound pressure level for a shop(market) is within 57 to 67 dB. However the reverberation time for the ground floor has exceeded the requirement which is 80dB. This is caused by the medium to heavy traffic along Jalan Tun HS Lee during peak hour. To reduce the noice produce by the street towards the building, louver panels are put on the facade of the building which filters the noise entering the building. The interior of the building also have some vegetation which acts as mask noises from exterior noise.

2.2 Sound Reduction Index A. Office Transmission Loss Site Noise

Required Noise control for workshop

Required Transmission Coefficient

40 = 10 log 10 Antilog 4 = T = 1 x 10-4

The office consist of a full height louver panels with glass fittings which covers (5 units x 5 x 1.07) 26.75mÂ˛ of area. The office consists of a corridor buffer zone before entering the office which also consists of a total of 81.5m2 concrete wall.

Element

STC Rating

Area (m2)

Louver Panels with Glass

26.75

Fitting 37.3mm, 1/4" laminate, 1" air, 3/16" outside Wall

81.5

8â&#x20AC;? Dense Concrete Block

Wall , two coats of paint to each side

Using SRI = 10 log 10

Wall

Glass Wall

52 = 10 log 10

42 = 10 log 10

Antilog 5.2=

Antilog 4.2=

Twall = 6.33 x 10-6

Tglass door = 6.33 x 10-5

Area of wall = 26.75m² + 81.5m² = 108.25m²

Toverall

(

) (

)

= 2.04x 10-5

SRIoverall

= 10 log

=10 log =46.9 dB

Noise Level in the workshop = 80dB – 46.9 dB = 33.1 dB Therefore the required sound reduction for walls is fulfilled

Reverberation Time Calculation formula: Reverberation Time (RT) = 0.16V/A Building Elements

Material

Colour

Surface

Area

Texture

(metre)

Absorption Coefficient

(500 Hz)

Ceiling

Plasterboard

White

Matte

44.8

0.04

1.52

Floor

Wood parquet on concrete Cream

Glossy

44.8

0.07

3.14

Wall

Concrete

Mild Grey

Matte

73.5

0.04

2.94

Door

Steel Framed Glass

Transparent Transparent

3.78

0.04

0.15

0.42

1.26

Human

Per person:

Total Absorption:

RT=

9.01

0.16 x V A 0.16 x 224 9.01

3.98s

The office has the reverberation time of 3.36s which does not meet the recommended standard as it average in the range of 0.8 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1.0s. This means the reverberation time for the office needed to be reduced by at least 2.98s. For this office, shorter reverberation time is recommended as it can reduce the echo which produces a better sound quality in one space. In order to meet the requirement, acoustic panel and floor finishing like carpet can be added to the space to reduce reverberation time.

C. Yoga & Aerobics Section Sound Reduction Index Transmission Loss Site Noise

Required Noise control for workshop

Required Transmission Coefficient

45 = 10 log 10 Antilog 4.5 = T = 3.16 x 10-5

The yoga section consist of a full height louver panels with glass fittings which covers 144.5mÂ˛ of area. The office consists of a corridor buffer zone before entering the office which also consists of a total of 72.5m2 concrete wall.

Element

STC Rating

Area (m2)

Louver Panels with Glass

144.5

Fitting 37.3mm, 1/4" laminate, 1" air, 3/16" outside Wall

72.5

8â&#x20AC;? Dense Concrete Block

Wall , two coats of paint to each side

Using SRI = 10 log 10

Wall

Glass Wall

52 = 10 log 10

42 = 10 log 10

Antilog 5.2=

Antilog 4.2=

Twall = 6.33 x 10-6

Tglass door = 6.33 x 10-5

Area of wall = 144.5m² + 72.5m² = 217m²

Toverall

(

) (

)

= 4.43x 10-5

SRIoverall

= 10 log

=10 log =43.6 dB

Noise Level in the workshop = 80dB – 43.6 dB = 36.4 dB Therefore the required sound reduction for walls is fulfilled

Reverberation Time Calculation formula:

Reverberation Time (RT) = 0.16V/A Building Elements

Material

Colour

Surface

Area

Texture

(metre)

Absorption Coefficient

(500 Hz)

Ceiling

Plasterboard

Light Grey

Matte

116.2

0.04

4.65

Floor

Carpet

Dark Brown

Matte

116.2

0.06

6.97

Wall

Concrete

Mild Grey

Matte

73.50

0.04

2.94

Door

Aluminum Framed Glass Transparent Transparent

3.78

0.04

0.15

Window

Aluminum Framed Glass Transparent Transparent

3.78

0.04

0.15

0.42

6.30

Human

Per person:

Total Absorption:

RT=

21.16

0.16 x V A 0.16 x 581 21.16

4.39s

The Yoga and Aerobics rooom has the reverberation time of 4.39s which does not meet the recommended standard as it average in the range of 0.8 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1.0s. This means the reverberation time for the section needs to be reduced by at least 3.39s. Shorter reverberation time is recommended as it can reduce the echo which produces a quieter space in the yoga space. In order to meet the requirement, acoustic panel, drapes, curtains and yoga mats can be added to the space to reduce reverberation time.

D. Café Sound Reduction Index Transmission Loss Site Noise

Required Noise control for workshop

Required Transmission Coefficient

50 = 10 log 10 Antilog 5 = T = 1 x 10-5

The café consists of a full height concrete walls which covers 144.5m² of area. The office consists of a corridor buffer zone before entering the office which also consists of a total of 72.5m2 concrete wall.

Element

STC Rating

Area (m2)

Wood Stud

52.5

Interior Partitions 37.3mm, 1/4" laminate, 1" air, 3/16" outside Wall

8” Dense Concrete Block

Wall , two coats of paint to each side

Using SRI = 10 log 10

Wall

Glass Wall

32 = 10 log 10

42 = 10 log 10

Antilog 3.2=

Antilog 4.2=

Twall = 6.13 x 10-4

Tglass door = 6.33 x 10-5

Area of wall = 52.5m² + 64m² = 116.5m²

Toverall

(

) (

)

= 3.11x 10-4

SRIoverall

= 10 log

=10 log =35.1 dB

Noise Level in the workshop = 80dB – 35.1 dB = 44.9 dB Therefore the required sound reduction for walls is fulfilled.

Reverberation Time Calculation formula:

Reverberation Time (RT) = 0.16V/A Building Elements

Material

Colour

Surface

Area

Texture

(metre)

Absorption Coefficient

(500 Hz)

Ceiling

Plasterboard

Light Grey

Matte

56.4

0.04

2.26

Wall

Concrete

Mild Grey

Matte

0.04

2.56

Wall

Wood

Dark

Matte

52.5

0.17

8.92

Door

Aluminum Framed Glass Transparent Transparent

3.78

0.04

0.15

Window

Aluminum Framed Glass Transparent Transparent

3.78

0.04

0.15

0.42

10.5

Human

Per person:

Total Absorption:

RT=

24.54

0.16 x V A 0.16 x 282 24.54

1.84s

The cafe has the reverberation time of 1.84s, which does not meet the recommended standard as it average in the range of 0.8 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1.0s. This means the reverberation time for the section needs to be reduced by at least 0.84s. Shorter reverberation time is recommended as it can reduce the echo which produces a quieter space in the yoga space. In order to meet the requirement, acoustic panel, drapes, curtains and furnitures can be added to the space to reduce reverberation time.

3.0 APPENDIX

MS1525 Lighting Standard

Light Reflectance Table

(Source: http://www.lightcalc.com/lighting_info/glossary/glossary.html)

Utilization Factor Table (Source: http://www.lightsbylinea.co.za/media/technical)

Absorption coefficients of common building materials and finishes

Floor materials

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

carpet

0.01

0.02

0.06

0.15

0.25

0.45

Concrete (unpainted, rough finish)

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

Concrete (sealed or painted)

0.01

0.02

Marble or glazed tile

0.01

0.02

Vinyl tile or linoleum on concrete

0.02

0.03

0.02

Wood parquet on concrete

0.04

0.07

0.06

0.07

Wood flooring on joists

0.15

0.11

0.1

0.07

0.06

0.07

Seating materials

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

Benches (wooden, empty)

0.1

0.09

0.08

Benches (wooden, 2/3 occupied)

0.37

0.4

0.47

0.53

0.56

0.53

Benches (wooden, fully occupied)

0.5

0.56

0.66

0.76

0.8

0.76

Benches (cushioned seats and backs, empty)

0.32

0.4

0.42

0.44

0.43

0.48

Benches (cushioned seats and backs, 2/3 occupied)

0.44

0.56

0.65

0.72

0.67

Benches (cushioned seats and backs, fully occupied)

0.5

0.64

0.76

0.86

0.76

Theater seats (wood, empty)

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.07

0.08

Theater seats (wood, 2/3 occupied)

0.34

0.21

0.28

0.53

0.56

0.53

Theater seats (wood, fully occupied)

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.76

0.8

0.76

Seats (fabric-upholsterd, empty)

0.49

0.66

0.8

0.88

0.82

0.7

Seats (fabric-upholsterd, fully occupied)

0.6

0.74

0.88

0.96

0.93

0.85

Reflective wall materials

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

Brick (natural)

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.07

Brick (painted)

0.01

0.02

0.03

Concrete block (coarse)

0.36

0.44

0.31

0.29

0.39

0.25

Concrete block (painted)

0.1

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.09

0.08

Concrete (poured, rough finish, unpainted)

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

Doors (solid wood panels)

0.1

0.07

0.05

0.04

Glass (1/4" plate, large pane)

0.18

0.06

0.04

0.03

0.02

Glass (small pane)

0.04

0.03

0.02

Plasterboard (12mm (1/2") paneling on studs)

0.29

0.1

0.06

0.05

0.04

Plaster (gypsum or lime, on masonry)

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Plaster (gypsum or lime, on wood lath)

0.14

0.1

0.06

0.05

0.04

Plywood (3mm(1/8") paneling over 31.7mm(1-1/4") airspace)

0.15

0.25

0.12

0.08

Plywood (3mm(1/8") paneling over 57.1mm( 2-1/4") airspace)

0.28

0.2

0.1

0.08

Plywood (5mm(3/16") paneling over

0.38

0.24

0.17

0.1

0.08

0.05

50mm(2") airspace) Plywood (5mm(3/16") panel, 25mm(1") fiberglass in 50mm(2") airspace)

0.42

0.36

0.19

0.1

0.08

0.05

Plywood (6mm(1/4") paneling, airspace, light bracing)

0.3

0.25

0.15

0.1

Plywood (10mm(3/8") paneling, airspace, 0.28 light bracing)

0.22

0.17

0.09

0.1

0.11

Plywood (19mm(3/4") paneling, airspace, 0.2 light bracing)

0.18

0.15

0.12

0.1

Absorptive wall materials

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

Drapery (10 oz/yd2, 340 g/m2, flat against wall)

0.04

0.05

0.11

0.18

0.3

0.35

Drapery (14 oz/yd2, 476 g/m2, flat against wall)

0.05

0.07

0.13

0.22

0.32

0.35

Drapery (18 oz/yd2, 612 g/m2, flat against wall)

0.05

0.12

0.35

0.48

0.38

0.36

Drapery (14 oz/yd2, 476 g/m2, pleated 50%)

0.07

0.31

0.49

0.75

0.7

0.6

Drapery (18 oz/yd2, 612 g/m2, pleated 50%)

0.14

0.35

0.53

0.75

0.7

0.6

Fiberglass board (25mm(1") thick)

0.06

0.2

0.65

0.9

0.95

0.98

Fiberglass board (50mm(2") thick)

0.18

0.76

0.99

Fiberglass board (75mm(3") thick)

0.53

0.99

Fiberglass board (100mm(4") thick)

0.99

0.97

Open brick pattern over 75mm(3") fiberglass

0.4

0.65

0.85

0.75

0.65

0.6

Pageboard over 25mm(1") fiberglass board

0.08

0.32

0.99

0.76

0.34

0.12

Pageboard over 50mm(2") fiberglass board

0.26

0.97

0.99

0.66

0.34

0.14

Pageboard over 75mm(3") fiberglass board

0.49

0.99

0.69

0.37

0.15

Performated metal (13% open, over 50mm(2") fiberglass)

0.25

0.64

0.99

0.97

0.88

0.92

Ceiling material

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

Plasterboard (12mm(1/2") in suspended ceiling grid)

0.15

0.11

0.04

0.07

0.08

Underlay in perforated metal panels (25mm(1") batts)

0.51

0.78

0.57

0.77

0.9

0.79

Metal deck (perforated channels,25mm(1") batts)

0.19

0.69

0.99

0.88

0.52

0.27

Metal deck (perforated channels, 75mm(3") batts)

0.73

0.99

0.89

0.52

0.31

Plaster (gypsum or lime, on masonary)

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Plaster (gypsum or lime, rough finish or timber lath)

0.14

0.1

0.06

0.05

0.04

4.0 REFERENCES 1. 4.bp.blogspot.com,. (2014). Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DYoBRjtL6QI/UBfjPCyF77I/AAAAAAAACV0/kSq0Sy12CE/s1600/IMG_2878.jpg 2. Exp.rockfon.com,. (2014). Reverberation time | ROCKFON Export | Suspended ceiling and wall solutions. Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://exp.rockfon.com/performance/acoustics/what+determines+room+acoustic s-c7-/reverberation+time 3. Kayelaby.npl.co.uk,. (2014). Building acoustics 2.4.4. Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_4/2_4_4.html 4. Paroc.com,. (2014). Sound insulation - Paroc.com. Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://www.paroc.com/knowhow/sound/sound-insulation 5. Sae.edu,. (2014). Coefficient Chart. Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://www.sae.edu/reference_material/pages/Coefficient%20Chart.htm