CREATING A SUSTAINABLE WATER SYMBOL FOR BEIJING

C R E ATI N G A S U S TA I N A B L E W ATE R S Y M B O L F O R B E I J I N G PA R A M ETR I C TO O L A P P LI E D : TI LI N G

T S I N G H U A U N I V E R S I T Y ⁄ N OV E M B E R 1 ST, 2012 N I C O L A S B O U I S S O N ⁄ V I V I E N H A LI M ⁄ H U I LYU ⁄ N E L A S U M A N ⁄ E U G E N I A WA N G

S U M M A RY

PART 01

SITE ANALYSIS

3

PART 02

THE PROGRAM

22

PART 03

OUR DESIGN CONCEPT

29

PART 04

GEOMETRICAL EXPLORATIONS

34

PART 05

DESIGNING THE MASTERPLAN

39

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S I T E A N A LY S I S

S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ #01 STR O N G P R E S E N C E O F W ATE R STRONG PRESENCE OF WATER IN THE SITE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS G 5TH RIN

ROAD

1

Lake of Summer Palace

2

Lake of Beiwu Park

3

Diversion canal from southwest China

4

Future reservoir Primary canal network Secondary canal network

1 4TH RING ROAD

2

4

3

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 01 TH E W ATE R C R I S I S I N B E I J I N G OVERVIEW

EVOLUTION OF WATER PRESENCE

Durning ten thousand years, YongDing river have changed gradually and left may old riverways which swang from north to south.

Yuquan Spring came from the underground water from ancient Yongding River. It has once become the most abundant and steady source of Beijing.

Finally the YongDing river have been formed in today’s location.

Therefore, lots of traditional gardens had been built, which formed the most beautiful and prosperous scenery in history.

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 01 TH E W ATE R C R I S I S I N B E I J I N G GOVERNMENT’S ACTIONS: 1 .BEIJING-MIYUN WATER CANAL (main source for the Summer Palace and even Beijing) 2.THE SOUTH-TO-NORTH WATER DIVISION SYSTEM (main source of living water in Haidian) 3.THE RECOVERY PROJECT ON YONGDING RIVER (50 years to make the level of undergroud water up to -10m)

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 01 TH E W ATE R C R I S I S I N B E I J I N G PROBLEM N°1: SMALL LAKE-HUGE BURDEN

PROBLEM N°2: SOIL DOES NOT HOLD WATER ANYMORE

The supporting strategy doesn’t totally meet the desperate need of water from the downstream, even if the river bank and river bed are water-proof.

Since the level of underground water decreased, the soil became drier and desertified which results in the decreasing capacity to hold water in soil.

Water level in ancient gardens is continuously decreasing.

If we can use the water going deep which are not been fully absorbed be roots, we can save lots of water in irrigation.

We can not use as much water as we want.

Rain/irrigation : water quickly infiltrates into the ground

When water approaches roots, trees get water

But no waiting for trees to drink enough, water quickly go down and the soil become dry again.

10 hectares of nursery garden in the site, which need large amount of irrigation.

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 01 I N D E X O F W ATE R R E S O U R C E S O N T H E S IT E WATER RESOURCES (FOR ONE YEAR) Coming from the beijing-miyun water canal.

229 950 000 m3 Coming from the south-north division project.

1 052 000 000 m3 Rain water.

7 600 000 m3 (~595mm)

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 01 I N D E X O F DA I LY W ATE R U S E

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 01 I N D E X O F DA I LY W ATE R U S E

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 01 I N D E X O F A N N UA L W ATE R U S E

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 02 V I E W S O N / F R O M TH E FA R L A N D S C A P E THE 3 HILLS AND 5 GARDENS

U MO

NT

N AI

LA

ND

SC

OAD

GR 5TH RIN

E AP

1

Jingyiyuan

2

Chengxianyuan

3

Summer Palace

4

Yuanmingyuan

5

Changchunyuan

4

1

2 5

3

4TH RING ROAD

C IT Y

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S CA P

» Special regulations - density < 40% - height < 3.3m

E

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 02 V I E W S O N TH E FA R L A N D S C A P E TOPOGRAPHY AS OBSTACLES Worst view

Best view

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 02 V I E W S O N TH E FA R L A N D S C A P E BUILDING AS OBSTACLES Worst view

Best view

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 02 V I E W S O N TH E FA R L A N D S C A P E DENSE TREES AS OBSTACLES Worst view

Best view

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 02 V I E W S O N TH E FA R L A N D S C A P E LIGHT TREES AS OBSTACLES Worst view

Best view

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S I T E A N A LYS I S ⁄ # 02 V I E W S O N TH E FA R L A N D S C A P E ALL ELEMENTS COMBINED TOGETHER Worst view

Best view

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S ITE A N A LY S I S ⁄ # 03 I N D E X O F TR A N S P O RTATI O N Indexing the access to the main gathering areas by local residents

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S ITE A N A LY S I S ⁄ # 03 I N D E X O F TR A N S P O RTATI O N Indexing the access to the Summer Palace Gates by tourists

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S ITE A N A LY S I S ⁄ # 04 P O P U L ATI O N: G E NTR I F I C ATI O N

THE SITE IN 2005

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THE SITE IN 2012

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S ITE A N A LY S I S ⁄ # 04 I N D E X O F P O P U L ATI O N D E N S IT Y POPULATION DENSITY INDEX ++ + – ––

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TH E PR OG RAM

P R O G R A M M I N G ⁄ O U R P R O P O S A L FO R TH E S I TE

01 .

BEIJING, ONE OF THE DRIEST CITIES IN THE WORLD 02.

BY EXPANDING THE END OF THE DIVERSION CANAL, MORE WATER POTENTIALITIES CAN BE DEVELOPED 03.

WE PROPOSE TO ORGANIZE THE SITE AS A “WATER SYMBOL” FOR BEIJING

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P R O G R A M M I N G ⁄ O U R P R O P O S A L FO R TH E S I TE

With the following principles : » EDUCATIONAL By demonstrating the sustainability of a virtuous water cycle trough a mixed-use program and water recycling: housing + agriculture. » FUNCTIONAL Natural treatment of water, rainwater collection, using water in residential and commercial, refill the groundwater, etc. » LANDSCAPING Using the benefits of water for landscaping and optimizing views on the great landscape.

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P R O G R A M M I N G ⁄ TH E V I RTUO U S WATE R C Y C LE

1

2

3

WATER SUPPLY

WATER STORAGE

WATER DISTRIBUTION

DIVERSION CANAL FROM SOUTHWEST OF CHINA

UNTREATED WATER RESERVOIR

USING & RECYCLING WATER IN BUILDINGS

USING GRAVITATIONAL NETWORK

4

7

6

5

GROUND WATER REFILL

FOR AGRICULTURE & FOR PARKS

WATER SUPPLY

NATURAL WATER TREATMENT

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USING WATER

PURIFICATION STATION FILTERING GARDEN

REGENERATION POND IN WETLAND

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P R O G R A M M I N G ⁄ H O W TO O P TI M I Z E TH E P R O G R A M

Rules for optimizing the ratio housing/green areas : » ALL THE WATER USED ON THE SITE SHOULD BE TREATED LOCALLY AND NATURALLY » RECYCLED WATER FROM HOUSING SHOULD PROVIDE ENOUGH WATER FOR WATERING THE WHOLE SITE » HOUSING IS RE-USING GREY WATER FOR TOILET FLUSHING (25% OF THE TOTAL NEED) » TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE WATER RESERVOIR SIZE (33 HECTARES)

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P R O G R A M M I N G ⁄ R E S E A R C H E S O N W ATE R U S E STAT I ST I C S & W AT E R T R E AT M E N T STATISTICS ON WATER USE IN HAIDAN DISTRICT

DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION

NATURAL TREATMENT USING SPECIFIC VEGETATION

44 m 3 / person / year

- GREY WATER CONSUMPTION (~75%)

33 m / person / year

- BLACK WATER CONSUMPTION (~25%)

11 m 3 / person / year

3

WATER CONSUMPTION IN OFFICES

6 m 3 / person / year

AGRICULTURAL WATER USE

1500 m 3 / hectare / year

WATER USE FOR PARK WATERING

1500 m 3 / hectare / year

WATER RECYCLING Water treatment pond

3 m 2 / person

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THE MOST EFFICIENT SYSTEM: VERTICAL FLOW REEDBEDS

REQUIRES

3M 2/PERSON

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P R O G R A M M I N G â &#x201E; I D E N TI FY I N G TH E P R O G R A M

Optimizing the ratio housing/green areas in function of water use :

Inhabitants Housing floor area Number of buildings

(4 storeys, 500 m 2 floor area)

Water treatment pond Water reservoir Reusing grey water in building Green land (agriculture, parks)

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(25% of total water use)

For the whole site 10 000 people 400 000 m 2 200 units 3 hectares 33 hectares 110 000 m 3 / year 150 hectares

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OUR DESIGN CONCEPT

O U R D E S I G N C O N C E P T ⁄ R U LE S D R I V I N G TH E D E S I G N

#01 LOWEST AREA = NEW WATER NETWORK The reservoir is divided to optimize the collection of water.

#02 HIGHEST AREA = NEW TOPOGRAPHY The actual topography is optimized In order to make the water naturally flows down to the reservoir.

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O U R D E S I G N C O N C E P T ⁄ R U LE S D R I V I N G TH E D E S I G N

#03 CREATING WATER SUFFICIENT CELLS The site is divided in 7 cells according to the amount of water needed.

#04 ROADS NETWORK CONNECTS THE MAIN ENTRY POINTS Roads are located on the ridges of the new topography : they are thus protected from flooding.

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O U R D E S I G N C O N C E P T ⁄ R U LE S D R I V I N G TH E D E S I G N

#05 INTEGRATING BUILDINGS IN THE SLOPE From historical surrounding hills, the site looks like an entire greenland area: buildings are integrated in the topography, always facing south.

#06 EXISTING LAND WILL BENEFIT FROM THE NEW WATER SYSTEM New topography is shaped to optimize the water flow: every inch of land is naturally watered using gravity.

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P R O G R A M M I N G ⁄ D E S C R I B I N G O N E BA S I C C E LL

Inhabitants Housing floor area Number of buildings

(4 storeys, 500 m 2 floor area)

Water treatment pond Water reservoir Re-using grey water in building

(25% of total water use)

Green land (agriculture, parks)

For one cell 1 500 people 60 000 m 2 30 units

For one tile 50 people 2 000 m 2 1 unit

4 500 m 2 16 500 m 3 / year

150 m 2 550 m 3 / year

22 hectares

0,7 hectares

VIEW FROM THE SUMMER PALACE

1 CELL

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G E O M E T R I C A L E X P LO R ATI O N S

G E O M ET R I CA L E X P LO R ATI O N S ⁄ # 01 D R A W I N G TI LE S

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G E O M ET R I CA L E X P LO R ATI O N S ⁄ # 0 2 M O D E LI N G TI L E S

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G E O M ET R I CA L E X P LO R ATI O N S ⁄ # 0 3 G E N E R ATI N G T I L E S

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G E O M ET R I CA L E X P LO R ATI O N S ⁄ C O N C LU S I O N

ORDERED GRID

REGULAR SHAPE

ARCHITECTURE WATER NETWORK

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D E S I G N I N G T H E M ASTE R P L A N

M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 1 W H E R E TH E R A I N W ATE R G O E S

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 1 W H E R E TH E R A I N W ATE R G O E S

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 1 LO C ATI N G TH E D R I E ST A R E A S

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 1 LO C ATI N G TH E D R I E ST A R E A S

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 1 LO C ATI N G TH E D R I E ST A R E A S

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 1 O P TI M I Z I N G TH E R E S E R V O I R N E T W O R K

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 1 O P TI M I Z I N G TH E R E S E R V O I R N E T W O R K

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TH E P R O J E CT ⁄ P H A S E 1 O P TI M I Z I N G TH E R E S E R V O I R N E T W O R K

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 1 O P TI M I Z I N G TH E R E S E R V O I R N E T W O R K

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 1 D E S I GN I N G TH E R E S E R V O I R N E T W O R K

2.2 ha 3m depth

3.8 ha 3m depth

2.9 ha 6m depth

5.5 ha 3m depth

10.6 ha 3m depth

3.6 ha 6m depth

5.1 ha 4m depth

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 2 S I TE O R G A N I Z ATI O N: D E S I G N I N G T H E C E L LS

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 2 S I TE O R G A N I Z ATI O N: D E S I G N I N G T H E C E L LS

2.2 ha 3m depth

3.8 ha 3m depth

2.9 ha 6m depth

5.5 ha 3m depth

10.6 ha 3m depth

3.6 ha 6m depth

5.1 ha 4m depth

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 3 O P TI M I Z I N G TH E TO P O G R A P H Y CUT & FILL PROCESS Fill ++ Fill + Cut Cut --

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 3 O P TI M I Z I N G TH E TO P O G R A P H Y

2.2 ha 3m depth

3.8 ha 3m depth

2.9 ha 6m depth

5.5 ha 3m depth

10.6 ha 3m depth

3.6 ha 6m depth

5.1 ha 4m depth

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 4 S E T TI N G U P TH E W ATE R N E T W O R K

SL

S

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OP

E<

2%

% <2 E P LO

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 4 D E S I GN I N G TI LE S FO R B U I L D I N G S + 1.00

30 m

± 0.00

20

± 0.00

+ 1.00

50

SLOPE >2% ACCEPTABLE FOR WATER FLOW

m

+ 1.00

20

m

SLOPE <5% ACCEPTABLE FOR DISABLE USER

+ 1.00

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

50

+ 1.00

± 0.00

SLOPE >5% NOT ACCEPTABLE FOR DISABLE USER SLOPE 2% - 5% ACCEPTABLE SLOPE <2% NOT ACCEPTABLE FOR WATER FLOW

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 4 D E S I GN I N G TI LE S FO R B U I L D I N G S

2.2 ha 3m depth

3.8 ha 3m depth

2.9 ha 6m depth

5.5 ha 3m depth

10.6 ha 3m depth

3.6 ha 6m depth

5.1 ha 4m depth

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 4 D E S I GN I N G B U I LD I N G S , R O A D S , P U B L I C S PA C E S

2.2 ha 3m depth

3.8 ha 3m depth

2.9 ha 6m depth

5.5 ha 3m depth

10.6 ha 3m depth

3.6 ha 6m depth

5.1 ha 4m depth

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 5 D E S I GN I N G TH E G R A V I TATI O N A L W AT E R N E T W O R K Wetland Maximum level of the water in case of flooding Limit of driest areas

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 5 D E S I GN I N G TH E G R A V I TATI O N A L W AT E R N E T W O R K Depth of water in the canals Low High

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 5 D E S I GN I N G TH E G R A V I TATI O N A L W AT E R N E T W O R K Water level in the canals 1 line = 1 meter

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 5 D E S I GN I N G TH E G R A V I TATI O N A L W AT E R N E T W O R K Depth of water and water level in the canals

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 5 D E S I GN I N G TH E G R A V I TATI O N A L W AT E R N E T W O R K

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 5 D E S I GN I N G TH E G R A V I TATI O N A L W AT E R N E T W O R K Ideal gravitional canal network

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 5 D E S I GN I N G TH E G R A V I TATI O N A L W AT E R N E T W O R K Indexing existing trees in order to adjust the shape of canals

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ P H A S E 5 D E S I GN I N G TH E G R A V I TATI O N A L W AT E R N E T W O R K

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ F I N A L P H A S E

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M AS T E R P L A N ⁄ F I N A L P H A S E

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