Final Design Report :
Social Cultural Centre, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture School of Architecture, Build and Design Architectural Design Report (ARC60108)
Name : Chow Wei Qi Student ID : 0331447 Tutor : Ar Emmanuel Canlas
TABLE OF CONTENT 1.
Project Background & Project Brief ………………………………………………………... 3 1.1. Abstract 1.2. Introduction of Project 1.3. Project Objectives
2.
Site Investigation & Contextual Studies ………………………………………………….... 4-30 2.1. Brief Historical Background 2.2. Urban Studies & Macro Site Analysis
3.
Design Strategies & Exploration……………………………………………………………... 31-38 3.2. Precedent Studies 3.3. Design Narrative 3.4. Site Planning Strategies & Diagrammatic Design Response 3.5. Spatial Programming & Organization
4.
Environmental and Technological Strategies ……………………………………………... 39-46 4.1. Sustainability Concept 4.3. Material and Resources 4.4 Microclimate Studies 4.2. Energy Conservation features 4.6. Structural Concept
5.
Final Design Portfolio …………………………………………………………………………. 47-61 5.1. Complete Boards .
2
1
PROJECT BACKGROUND & PROJECT BRIEF
1.1
Abstract
This module is a thematic studio based on the theme of ‘sustaining humanities’ architecture for people, place and time. In line with the current discourse on sustainability, it upholds the belief that architecture can create better places, that architecture can affect society and humanity, and that it can have a role in making a place civilized by making a community livable. The design project is divided into three main phases: Pre-Design Phase, Schematic Phase and Final Design Phase. In the Pre-Design Phase, an in depth and comprehensive analysis is conducted on the intangible and tangible qualities of the site while looking into the possibilities and impact of the proposed project to the site and people. All these information will then be assembled into a bigger picture that could be used as references and guide for the next phase in design.
1.2
Introduction of Project
Johor Bahru is one of Malaysia premier city and urban destination because of its highly modernized infrastructure. The city is one of the fast-growing city in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur. The city has a very strong connection and relationship with Singapore, throwing trades on both sides. Most locals opted to travel to Singapore for work and leisure while Singaporeans going to JB during weekends to shop. Based on the current feel of the place, Johor Bahru City is a hotspot at both day and night time where the most popular destinations are theme parks, temples, parks, shopping malls and entertainment centres.
In the Schematic Phase, exploration of spatial organization and form design takes place through looking into relevant precedent studies as basis for design approach. Demonstration of approach, strategy and concept responding to the contextual condition, design objectives and user experience are further developed as well.
According to several research and analysis conducted, Johor Bahru City is lacking in its socio-cultural aspect which relates to having a platform for public interaction extending beyond lifestyle centre where it is more of a people to product rather than people to people interaction. Therefore, Johor Bahru City is in need of a ‘City Lobby’ where it could encourage positive engagement between the public, an opportunity for youth, elderly and adult public to stamp and define the place through their own collaborative activities.
Lastly in the Final Design Phase, integration of Environmental & Technology and structural aspect into the design expected to enhance and improve the qualities of the design aside from its aesthetics.This provides an insight to the overall process and considerations taken into account to achieve a comprehensive and clear final design.
The Final Architecture Design Project calls for designing a ‘City Lobby’, with the theme of ‘sustaining humanities’, which will engage and re-engage the city’s local population and visiting tourists from other towns or countries. This project addresses the researches and studies on socio-cultural issues related to the architecture of Johor Bahru.
1.3 ● ● ● ●
Project Objectives To design spaces that will create positive impact to the public To fully explore design through a series of test to identify the possibilities and potentials To incorporate elements of sustainability through to design to promote a healthier living environment To deliver project efficiently with compliance to the guidelines and regulations, buildability, safety standards and user requirements.
3
2
SITE INVESTIGATION & CONTEXTUAL STUDIES
2.1
Brief Historical Background
1940-1980 1940 - Sultan completed
1855-1885 The present area of Johor Bahru was originally known as Tanjung Puteri and was a fishing village of the Malays.
Ibrahim
building
was
1942 - The continuous development of JB was however halted with the Japanese invasion. 1946 - UMNO under Dato’ Onn Jaafar created. 1962 - Shophouses began to emerge, catering to various different businesses and The old Market was moved to Jalan Wong Ah Fook, which then became the city hub.
1900-1920 Water market was established on Segget Island, making it a trading location for farmers and fishermen.
1980-1991 Construction of large-scale buildings forming a town. Urban design began to change in proportion and scale of building. Segget river covered and buildings constructed over.
roads
and
Road around Sultan Ibrahim building was built for easy access to the nearest buildings.
1920-1940 1921 - Land exploration leading to major roads built. Example; Jalan Wong Ah Fook 1924 - The Johor Causeway link for train and road construction was built. 1940 - The secretariat building was complete.
2000-onwards 2005 - Legaran Segget is opened. 2006 PERSADA Johor (International Convention Center) opened
4
2.2 Urban Studies & Macro Site Analysis
LANDMARK
SITE B
AS ATTRACTION
Visual Landmark Social Landmark Functional Landmark Historic/Religious Landmark
Landmarks provide visual cues to direct users into site. SITE B
Our social-cultural hub can continue the landmark sequences with continuity of path by multiple approaches.
5
DISTRICT ZONING
TRANSPORTATION
MIXED -USED COMMERCIAL ( FINE GRAIN )
ADMINISTRATIVE
Bandar Johor Bahru is made of old and new town ,heritage buildings are part of the identity amongst this site.
SITE B
HERITAGE
MIXED -USED COMMERCIAL ( COARSE GRAIN )
6
EDGES USER EXPERIENCE
EDGE
Urban Scale Drastic contrast by the coarse grain urban fabric creates a clear distinction in its skyline comparing to the much traditional build form.
7
NODES PEDESTRIAN
DROP OFF / PICK UP POINT
The walking culture around site B is strong thus there’s many pedestrian nodes throughout the day.
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE / TRANSPORT NODE
Social nodes here are gathered due to convenience as well as a necessary contact point for drop off/pick up.
SECONDARY SEATING
Enabling people to have views across spaces while giving them options to sit or linger.
INFORMAL BUS STOP/ PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE SITE B
INFORMAL PICK UP/ DROP OFF POINT
FISH HEAD CURRY / EATERY NODE
DROP OFF/ PICK UP POINT
8
NODES FUNCTIONAL SHOPLOTS
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
INFORMAL FRESH GOODS VENDOR
Functional nodes occurs at certain time of the day and only certain days of the week.
SITE B
FOOD ALLEY
INFORMAL PICK UP / DROP OFF POINT
These nodes gathered due to specific activities such as sitting at shaded areas , buying groceries as well as eating in between buildings.
WALKWAY OF TEMPLE
9
VEHICLE CIRCULATION PATTERN ONE-WAY CIRCULATION TWO WAY CIRCULATION
SITE B
10
Vehicular Circulation
Vehicular circulation
Weekday 10am
Weekday 12pm
SITE B SITE B
High Circulation Peak Medium Circulation Peak Low Circulation Peak
High Circulation Peak Medium Circulation Peak Low Circulation Peak
Vehicular circulation
Vehicular circulation
Weekday 3pm
Weekday 6pm
SITE B
High Circulation Peak Medium Circulation Peak Low Circulation Peak
SITE B
High Circulation Peak Medium Circulation Peak Low Circulation Peak
11
Vehicular circulation
Vehicular circulation
Weekend 10am
Weekend 12pm
SITE B
SITE B
High Circulation Peak Medium Circulation Peak Low Circulation Peak
High Circulation Peak Medium Circulation Peak Low Circulation Peak
Vehicular circulation
Vehicular circulation
Weekend 3pm
Weekend 6pm
SITE B
SITE B
High Circulation Peak Medium Circulation Peak Low Circulation Peak
High Circulation Peak Medium Circulation Peak Low Circulation Peak
12
CIRCULATION
Zebra Crossing
PEDESTRIAN DENSITY
What is the Density of Pedestrian?
Pedestrian Bridge Underground Path
High human density due its retail area and the main road.
Secondary Path
SITE B
Designated walkway prioritize non-motorized user; increasing the user comfort despite the busy road.
13
LAND USE
SITE B
COMMERCIAL FINANCIAL VACANT RELIGIOUS OPEN CAR PARKS GOVERNMENT
HEALTHCARE EDUCATIONAL
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
UNDEVELOPED
14
NODES User Groups (10am)
User Groups (5pm) User Groups
User Groups (2pm)
15
SCALE PERCEPTION 1 1 Jalan Wong Ah Fook is situated within high rise buildings and the width of the road and pedestrian walkway is wider than Jalan Trus, which makes the user feels tiny and humble.
A
A’ 2
Jalan Trus has narrower road width which makes the scale smaller. Hence, user can have an intimate walking experience.
3
1
2
3
B
1
SCALE PERCEPTION 2 B’
There is a huge contrast of the topography of both roads (Jalan Wong Ah Fook & Jalan Trus). Hence the user need to use the staircase in order to access to the other side of the road. However, it is not OKU friendly, hence, it is harder for the OKU to cross through.
2
3
1
2
3
16
SKYLINE BUILDINGS ACROSS THE SITE ( JALAN WONG AH FOOK)
Drastic change of height of buildings creating a huge contrast of the roofscape.
Height of buildings are almost the same which softens down the contrast of the roofscape..
17
SKYLINE BUILDING ACROSS THE SITE ( JALAN TRUS )
Drastic change of height of buildings creating a huge contrast of the roofscape..
The gradual decrease of heights of shop lots portrays a stepped effect and softens the contrast of roofscape height.
18
URBAN WALL
19
URBAN WALL
20
THE SITE DIMENSIONS
1m
54.
m .2 2 6
m
.7 47
m
.8 57
21
THE SITE ELEVATION 1 - JALAN WONG AH FOOK
THE SITE ELEVATION 1 - JALAN WONG AH FOOK
22
THE SITE ELEVATION 2 - JALAN TRUS
THE SITE SECTION X - X
23
Local Hangouts
New Development Choices of activities less likely to intersect each other and utilise a same space.
1
Old Development Activities happening tend to cross over with other activities allowing different people with different purpose in the same area to interact
Sparse
Local Kopitiam (Jalan Trus) 2
The new development area have toned down the robustness of the street.
Local Kopitiam (Jalan Wong Ah Fook) 3
Events & Exhibition JB City Square SITE B
4
Night Activities Hua Mui Restaurant 1
Heritage walk
Concentrated Adam Hawa Cafe 2
Retail 1
Shopping Malls (Jalan Wong Ah Fook)
4
3
2
Prayer flowers (“Indian street”)
Shoplots (Jalan Trus)
Shoplots ( Jalan Wong Ah Fook)
5
Shopping Mall (“Jalan Trus)
Mac Gregor’s
6
7
Old Shop Lots (Heritage town)
Repurposed Old Shop Lots (Heritage town)
Religious & Cultural Activities 1
Hinduism prayers
2
Buddhism prayers
3
Night Bazaar 3
4
5
6
7
4
Islamic prayers
Chinese New Year Parade- Chingay
Deepavali parade
Merdeka parade
Weekly chinese cultural activities
Square dancing
24
SENSE OF PLACE ARCHITECTURE What is the cultural impression of Johor Bahru?
Two distinct impressions of the site are observed between Jalan Trus and Jalan Wong Ah Fook.
Jalan Wong Ah Fook Futuristic
- Modern architecture - High - rise buildings - Ibrahim International building district plan (IIBD) - Wide pedestrian walkways
Jalan Trus Traditional
- Shophouses - Religious buildings - 5 foot walkway - Intimate walkways
25
SENSE OF PLACE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF JOHOR BAHRU
Ibrahim International Business District- IIBD Plan
26
SENSE OF PLACE
Pedestrian bridge project where its intention to build connection link from City Square to IIBD district
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT CORONATION SQUARE
IIBD’s planning boundary
1. Ibrahim International Business District (IIBD) is a transformation plan for Johor Bahru City to achieve metropolis international standard. re.
2. Coronation Square is one of its projects.
3. To achieve dragging attention from more users, pedestrian hub has been suggested begin from JB Sentral to Coronation Squa
Coronation Square
27
SENSE OF PLACE ACTIVITIES
Jalan Wong Ah Fook Commercialised
-
High
end
Jalan Trus Religious/Customary
retail - Low end retail
-
Business
activities - Religious activities
-Caters to the upper crust of the society
- ‘Tapak’ food culture - Heritage walk - Catering to a wider user group
28
SENSE OF PLACE PACE
Jalan Wong Ah Fook
Jalan Trus Laid Back
Fast lane
- Slower pace in life - Economizing
- Less competition in politics and economy
-Transitory
- Chance of contact higher
-Businessmen
- Locals
-Foreign workers
29
SWOT Analysis
STRENGTH - Adaptation to the modern era - Convenient transportation - Government initiative in building a livable city - Variety of business - Interesting topography
OPPORTUNITY - Linkage between the 2 streets - Contact point - Dual experience - Improving walkability - Introduce social space
THREAT - Lack of surveillance - Weak civic consciousness - Robbery cases - Dodgy alleyways
WEAKNESS - Not OKU friendly - Lack of cultural identity - Lack of night activities - Urban coarse grain
30
3
DESIGN STRATEGIES & EXPLORATION
3.1 Precedent Studies
Sheltered community plaza
Community Plaza
central community plaza
Shop & restaurants
Polyclinic Foodcourt
Stepped garden terraces that slope down towards the water and accommodate various communal amenities, including gathering places, playgrounds and a natural amphitheatre.
Easy access to all gardens and terraces Gardens overlooking waterway
31
Plassen Cultural Center Location : Molde, Norway Architect : 3XN Architects Area : Completion Year : 2012
Wide horizontal panels, visually integrating the inner life of the building with the urban surroundings.
The building connects the city’s two districts, creating a social hub for Molde".
Architectural solution for the complex site condition was to introduce several wide staircases to form a multi-functional structure with three outdoor amphitheatres and an accessible rooftop terrace
Upper district
Lower district
Staircase as an essential link between the city's upper and lower districts.
Section
32
Open Amphitheatre
Outdoor Cafe social hub convertible performance area
Multiple entrances make the building seem inviting and accessible to all.
Library
Concert Hall
Open Amphitheatre
Educational Performance Auditorium General Services Office
Flexible and Multifunctional series of flowing transitions between stages, gallery, cafĂŠ and public spaces and creates the illusion that the inner and outer spaces are one.
33
The Commons Location : Bangkok 10110, Thailand Architect : Department of Architecture Area : 5000.0 m2 Completion Year : 2016
A small retail development in the city center creating new possibilities of outdoor living space. It provides a solution answering to a classic challenge of a multi-storey retail building on how to draw people upward to the upper levels.
Issue ‘Building a wholesome community’
-
-
Lack of outdoor space Tropical heat Dense living condition
Solution Active vertical urban living area Draw people in naturally through gradual series of steps and platforms
The Commons
loft-like, open-plan community mall
34
‘The Ground’ vertically opens up through large voids on the upper floors, connecting to a large public open-air area occupying nearly thirty percent of each of the third and the fourth floor plate.
Shop
3F
2F
Shop
Shop
Restroom The space vertically and horizontally flows in and out the entire building and allows for natural ventilation throughout.
Shop
1F
The wide ‘Ground’ with its gradual series of steps and platforms connecting the street level to the second floor naturally draws people to walk up leisurely.
Common Area
GF Staff Area
Car Park
Section
35
3.2 Design Narrative
3.3 Site Planning Strategies & Diagrammatic Design Response
The design aims to play up the contrast between the two significant streets within the site which are Jalan Wong Ah Fok and Jalan Trus. The social cultural centre could act as a catalyst for social cultural exchange as well as to strengthen the social energy within the site. At the street level of Jalan Wong Ah Fok, the amphitheatre lend itself as a vibrant urbana node that aims to draw attention to the building, continuing the wide pedestrian walkway which creates a smooth flow that draws people into the building along with generous space for events and activities. Along with the steeply angled roof, the perception of large, continuing and inviting further emphasizes and enhances the inviting gesture of the building. At the street level of Jalan Trus, the building’s facade gives reminiscent of the street’s traditional character which is more conservative, thus giving the building a contemporary yet distinctive character in relation to the surrounding
Contemporary Geometry is manipulated to compliment the urban visual profile along Jalan Wong Ah Fok while enhancing the overall appearance of spatial richness inherent in the built form.
Symmetry Main axis across the site dividing the building into two main parts in response to the site while creating a strong sense of place with strong visual interest.
Conservative Traditional shophouse feature (arch frame) injected into the building facade facing Jalan Trus as to respond and respect the existing character of the site.
Jalan Wong Ah Fok
Jalan Trus
Expressive Form
Public & Private
To create s new centrality within the city centre and differentiate itself from the monolithic blocks of buildings
Programmes facing Jalan Wong Ah Fok to be more private as compared to programmes facing Jalan Trus
Services
Diminishing Floor Area
Services spaces are in monolithic blocks that sits between the steeply angled roof, avoiding it from overshadowing the overall appearance of the built form.
Floor area diminishes as the building rises to maximize view within the site as well as to emphasize the main activities at lower floors
36
3.4 Spatial Programming & Organization The programmes in the social cultural centre are arranged according to the importance and the level of public and private of activities being held. Higher level of social interactive activities are emphasized on the lower floors, facing Jalan Wong Ah Fok, while spaces that are more private with enclosed activities are focussed on the higher floors, facing Jalan Trus.
Drop Off City Library A private and cozy area for people to search for resources as well as for social exchange purposes
Reception & Office
Jala n Tr
us
A lobby area where people could obtain information about the building and a small office for administration purposes.
Temporary Accommodation A temporary staying or resting area for administration staff
Ground Floor
Jala
nW ong
1st Floor
Ah
Fok
Cafe & Retail Amphitheatre -
-
An interactive and inviting platform for people to stop and engage in social and cultural exchange activities Appreciation of greeneries continuing the side pedestrian walkway.
Play Fountain An interactive platform especially for families to interact and socialize
An open concept cafe and retail space where people could interact and socialize without boundaries
37
3.4 Spatial Programming & Organization Lounge A pre-function area for people to gather and socialize before entering the theatre.
Gallery An exhibition area to showcase the history of site
3rd Floor
Theatre 2nd Floor
A formal setting for social and cultural performance.
Chilling Area Private rooftop chilling area with bean bags and an outdoor mini screen allow people to gather in small groups and interact.
Viewing Deck A transparent viewing deck provides people with a thrilling experience while observing the surroundings. 4th Floor
38
4
ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES
4.1 Sustainability Concept
4.2 Materiality
The Social Cultural Centre uses a contemporary approach in it’s built forms. The steeply pitched angled roof design is incorporated into the design, allowing the building to stand out from the existing monolithic blocks of buildings at its surrounding, thus enhances the visual interest within itself. As the building faces two street of distinctive character, the intention is to respond and respect the streets’ character but at the same time presenting it as a new centrality within the site. The overall appearance of the building has an incredible ingenuity in its construction which is also soften by the fair integration of greeneries at its surroundings.
Proposed materials and construction methods are integrated in with the consideration of the site and street character. This was to ensure that the building fit in to the surroundings while presenting itself as a contemporary yet distinctive building. The roof connects to the wall andl the way down to the ground and sits on concrete pedestal. The steel construction integrated as the frame structure of the roof and wall to further enhance the image of the building as a contemporary structure. The steeply pitched angled roof creates an interesting form to the building where the built volumes decreases as the building increases in height. Frameless curtain wall is also incorporated into the facade of the building to emphasize the building as a contemporary building while complementing the visual of the building. This also allow natural lighting and transparency into in the spaces within the building, allowing it to be more interactive and inviting.
4.3 Microclimate Studies
Shadow Diagram The Micro site is surrounded by commercial buildings which are more than 3 storey height with an exception of the Public Bank next the site which is ….. The surrounding buildings does provide shading especially during morning and evening. The site is more exposed to sunlight during noon time
1400 HRS
1000 HRS
SITE B
SITE B
1700 HRS
SITE B
39
4.4 Energy Conservation Feature Cross Ventilation The open concept spatial organization allows prevailing wind from the north to flow into the building seamlessly
Natural Lighting Wide openings of steeply angled roof and wall allows natural lightingt to cast into the building. Cross Ventilation
40
4.5 Structural Concept Sectional Detail
41
Sectional Detail
42
Full Wall Section Detail
43
Staircase Detail
44
Facade Detail
45
Roof-Wall Detail
46
5
FINAL DESIGN PORTFOLIO
47
BASEMENT SCALE 1:100
48
49
FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:100
50
SECOND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:100
51
THIRD FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:100
52
FORTH FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:100
53
ROOF PLAN SCALE 1:100
54
55
56
57
58
59
Final Renderings
60
Progress Model
Final Model
61