WG-PGX by Javier Masoliver

WG PGX WORLD GUIDE FOR DRUG USE AND PHARMACOG HARMACOGENOMICS

Ram贸n Cacabelos editor

THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO PHARMACOGENOMICS FOR MEDICAL PRACTICE

SAMPLE COPY OF INDEX FOUNDATION

EUROESPES

300e0s

pag . approx

WG PGX WORLD GUIDE FOR DRUG USE AND PHARMACOGENOMICS

Ram贸n Cacabelos editor

THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO PHARMACOGENOMICS FOR MEDICAL PRACTISE

SAMPLE COPY OF INDEX

FOUNDATION

EUROESPES

Editor Ramón Cacabelos

Authors Amanda Bello Natalia Cacabelos Ramón Cacabelos Juan Carlos Carril Julio Des Lucía Fernández-Novoa Carmen Fraile Ruth Llovo Valter Lombardi Rocío Martínez Rogelio Pérez Masatoshi Takeda

Collaborators Antonio Bermo Adam McKay Carlos Miramontes Alesia Patiño René Zörner

Sponsors EuroEspes Foundation International Agency for Brain Research and Aging Spanish Society of Genomic Medicine World Association of Genomic Medicine

Publisher EuroEspes Publishing

contents

Preface

0000

Introduction to Genomic Medicine and Pharmacogenomics

0000

Classification of Drugs

0000

Drug Index

0000

Drugs

0000

Gene Index

0000

Genes

0000

Apendix

0000

Frequency of common genotypes in the European Population. ........................ 0000 Pleiotropic Genes............................................................................................................. ACE ....................................................................................................................... AGT ....................................................................................................................... APOE...................................................................................................................... CETP....................................................................................................................... ENOS3.................................................................................................................... FOS ....................................................................................................................... MTHFR.................................................................................................................... PSEN1.................................................................................................................... PSEN2.................................................................................................................... CYP genes.............................................................................................................. CYP2C9.................................................................................................................. CYP2C19................................................................................................................ CYP2D6.................................................................................................................. CYP3A5..................................................................................................................

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

Distribution and Frequency of Major Genotypes in Common Pathologies..... 0000

International Classification of Diseases..................................................................... 0000 Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs).......................................................................... 0000 Genes associated with drug metabolism............................................................. 0000 Genes associated with major problems of health................................................. 0000 Genes associated with Cardiovascular Disorders............................................................. Genes associated with Hypertension............................................................................... Genes associated with Diabetes...................................................................................... Genes associated with Hypercholesterolemia and Dyslipidemia....................................... Genes associated with Cancer......................................................................................... Breast cancer.......................................................................................................... Lung cancer............................................................................................................ Prostate cancer....................................................................................................... Ovarian cancer........................................................................................................ Colo-rectal cancer................................................................................................... Leukemia................................................................................................................. Lymphoma.............................................................................................................. Brain tumors............................................................................................................ Gliomas.......................................................................................................... Glioblastoma................................................................................................... Meningioma.................................................................................................... Genes associated with obesity......................................................................................... Genes associated with stroke and cerebrovascular disorders........................................... Stroke..................................................................................................................... Cerebrovascular malformations............................................................................... Migraine.................................................................................................................. Genes associated with Dementia..................................................................................... Genes associated with Aging ad Longevity...................................................................... Genes associated with Movement Disorders.................................................................... Parkinson’s disease................................................................................................. Ataxias.................................................................................................................... Genes associated with Epilepsy....................................................................................... Genes associated with Prion disease...............................................................................

Biochemical Phenotype of the European Population............................................ 0000

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

Genotype-Phenotype Correlations.............................................................................. 0000 General Population........................................................................................................... Cardiovascular disorders.................................................................................................. Hypertension.................................................................................................................... Diabetes ....................................................................................................................... Hypercholesterolemia....................................................................................................... Dyslipidemia..................................................................................................................... Migraine ....................................................................................................................... Stroke ....................................................................................................................... Dementia ....................................................................................................................... Alzheimer’s disease.......................................................................................................... Vascular dementia............................................................................................................ Parkinson’s disease.......................................................................................................... Psychosis ....................................................................................................................... Anxiety ....................................................................................................................... Depression.......................................................................................................................

References

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

Drug References................................................................................................................ 0000 Gene References............................................................................................................... 0000

Index

0000

Drug Categories. ............................................................................................................... 0000 Drug Nomenclature. ......................................................................................................... 0000 Chemical Names.............................................................................................................. 0000 Brand Names................................................................................................................... 0000

Genes.................................................................................................................................... 0000 OMIM Name.................................................................................................................... 0000 Disease association......................................................................................................... 0000 Drug metabolism association........................................................................................... 0000 WG-PGX — 5

classification of drugs

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

2.2.1.Aminoglycosides Amikacin Sulfate Aminoglycosides General Statement < Gentamicin Sulfate < Kanamycin Sulfate < Neomycin Sulfate < Paromomycin Sulfate < Streptomycin Sulfate < Tobramycin Sulfate < <

General Classification for Major Categories of Drugs 1. Antihistamine Drugs 2. Anti-infective Agents 3. Antineoplastic Agents 4. Autonomic Drugs 5. Blood Derivatives 6. Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis 7. Cardiovascular Drugs 8. Central Nervous System Agents 9. Diagnostic Agents 10. Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance 11. Enzymes 12. Respiratory Tract Agents 13. Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat (EENT) Preparations 14. Gastrointestinal Drugs 15. Gold Compounds 16. Heavy Metal Antagonists 17. Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes 18. Local Anesthetics 19. Oxytocics 20. Serums, Toxoids, and Vaccines 21. Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents 22. Smooth Muscle Relaxants 23. Vitamins 24. Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents

2.2.2.Cephalosporins Cefaclor Cefadroxil < Cefazolin Sodium < Cefdinir < Cefditoren Pivoxil < Cefepime Hydrochloride < Cefixime < Cefotaxime Sodium < Cefpodoxime Proxetil < Cefprozil < Ceftazidime < Ceftibuten < Ceftizoxime Sodium < Ceftriaxone Sodium < Cefuroxime Axetil, Cefuroxime Sodium < Cephalexin, Cephalexin Hydrochloride < <

2.2.3.Miscellaneous b-Lactams Aztreonam Cefotetan Disodium Cefoxitin Sodium < Ertapenem Sodium < Imipenem and Cilastatin < Meropenem < < <

1 | Antihistamine Drugs Acrivastine Antihistamines General Statement < Brompheniramine Maleate, Dexbrompheniramine Maleate < Carbinoxamine Maleate < Cetirizine Hydrochloride < Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate < Cimetidine, Cimetidine Hydrochloride < Clemastine Fumarate < Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride < Desloratadine < Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride < Doxylamine Succinate < Fexofenadine Hydrochloride < Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride, Hydroxyzine Pamoate < Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride < Loratadine < Nizatidine < Promethazine Hydrochloride (Antihistamine) < Ranitidine Hydrochloride, < Triprolidine Hydrochloride < <

2 | Anti-infective Agents 2.1.Antihelmintics 2.2.Antibacterials < 2.3.Antifungals < 2.4.Antimycobacterials < 2.5.Antivirals < 2.6.Antiprotozoals < 2.7.Urinary Anti-infectives

2.2.4.Chloramphenicol 2.2.5.Macrolides < < <

2.2.5.1.Erythromycins 2.2.5.2.Ketolides 2.2.5.3.Other Macrolides

2.2.5.1.Erythromycins Erythromycin Erythromycin Estolate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate < Erythromycin Lactobionate < Erythromycin Stearate < < <

2.2.5.2.Ketolides <

< <

2.2.6.1.Natural Penicillins 2.2.6.2.Aminopenicillins < 2.2.6.3.Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins < 2.2.6.4.Extended-spectrum Penicillins < <

2.2.6.1.Natural Penicillins Natural Penicillins General Statement Penicillin G Benzathine Penicillin G Potassium, Penicillin G Sodium < Penicillin G Procaine < Penicillin V, Penicillin V Potassium <

< <

2.2.6.2.Aminopenicillins Aminopenicillins General Statement Amoxicillin Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium < Ampicillin Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium < Ampicillin, Ampicillin Sodium, Ampicillin Trihydrate <

2.1.Antihelmintics

< <

2.2.Antibacterials 2.2.1.Aminoglycosides 2.2.2.Cephalosporins 2.2.3.Miscellaneous b-Lactams < 2.2.4.Chloramphenicol < 2.2.5.Macrolides < 2.2.6.Penicillins < 2.2.7.Quinolones < 2.2.8.Sulfonamides < 2.2.9.Tetracyclines < 2.2.10.Miscellaneous Antibacterials <

Azithromycin Clarithromycin

2.2.6.Penicillins

Albendazole Ivermectin Mebendazole < Praziquantel < Pyrantel Pamoate < Thiabendazole

Telithromycin

2.2.5.3.Other Macrolides

2.2.6.3.Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins < < <

Dicloxacillin Sodium Nafcillin Sodium Oxacillin Sodium

2.2.6.4.Extended-spectrum Penicillins Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium Extended-Spectrum Penicillins General Statement Piperacillin Sodium and Tazobactam Sodium < Ticarcillin Disodium and Clavulanate Potassium

< <

2.2.7.Quinolones Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Gemifloxacin Mesylate Levofloxacin < Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride < < <

WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 7

Classification of drugs < <

Norfloxacin Ofloxacin

2.2.8.Sulfonamides Co-trimoxazole Sulfadiazine < Sulfasalazine

2.5.1.Adamantanes 2.5.2.Antiretrovirals 2.5.3.Interferons < 2.5.4.Monoclonal Antibodies < 2.5.5.Neuraminidase Inhibitors < 2.5.6.Nucleosides and Nucleotides < 2.5.7.Miscellaneous Antivirals <

2.2.9.Tetracyclines Demeclocycline Hydrochloride Doxycycline Calcium, Doxycycline Hyclate, Doxycycline Monohydrate < Minocycline Hydrochloride < Tetracycline, Tetracycline Hydrochloride < Tetracyclines General Statement < Tigecycline < <

2.2.10.Miscellaneous Antibacterials

2.5.1.Adamantanes < <

2.5.2.1.HIV Entry and Fusion Inhibitors 2.5.2.2.HIV Protease Inhibitors < 2.5.2.3.Integrase Inhibitors < 2.5.2.4.Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors < 2.5.2.5.Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors < 2.5.2.6.Miscellaneous Antiretrovirals < <

2.5.2.1.HIV Entry and Fusion Inhibitors < <

Amprenavir Atazanavir Sulfate < Darunavir < Fosamprenavir Calcium < Indinavir Sulfate < Lopinavir and Ritonavir < Nelfinavir Mesylate < Ritonavir < Saquinavir Mesylate < Tipranavir < <

Spectinomycin Hydrochloride

2.2.10.2.Bacitracins Bacitracin

2.2.10.3.Cyclic Lipopeptides <

Daptomycin

2.2.10.4.Glycopeptides <

Vancomycin Hydrochloride

2.2.10.5Lincomycins <

2.5.2.3.Integrase Inhibitors

Clindamycin Hydrochloride, Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride, Clindamycin Phosphate Lincomycin Hydrochloride

Linezolid

2.2.10.7.Polymyxins < <

< <

Abacavir Sulfate Didanosine Emtricitabine < Lamivudine < Stavudine < Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate < Zidovudine < <

Rifabutin Rifampin Rifaximin

2.2.10.9.Streptogramins <

Quinupristin and Dalfopristin

2.2.10.10.Other Miscellaneous Antibacterials 2.3.Antifungals 2.3.1.Allylamines 2.3.2.Azoles 2.3.3.Echinocandins < 2.3.4.Polyenes < 2.3.5.Pyrimidines < 2.3.6.Miscellaneous Antifungals

2.5.2.6.Miscellaneous Antiretrovirals 2.5.3.Interferons

2.3.1.Allylamines Terbinafine Hydrochloride

2.3.2.Azoles

< <

Acyclovir, Acyclovir Sodium Adefovir Dipivoxil Cidofovir < Entecavir < Famciclovir < Ganciclovir Sodium < Ribavirin < Telbivudine < Valacyclovir Hydrochloride < Valganciclovir Hydrochloride < < <

2.3.3.Echinocandins Anidulafungin Caspofungin Acetate Micafungin Sodium

2.3.4.Polyenes < <

Amphotericin B Nystatin

2.3.5.Pyrimidines <

Flucytosine

2.3.6.Miscellaneous Antifungals < <

Griseofulvin Potassium Iodide, Strong Iodine Solution

2.4.Antimycobacterials 2.4.1.Antituberculosis Agents Aminosalicylic Acid Antituberculosis Agents General Statement < Capreomycin Sulfate < Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride < Cycloserine < Ethambutol Hydrochloride < Ethionamide < Isoniazid < Kanamycin Sulfate < Pyrazinamide < Rifabutin < Rifampin < Rifapentine < Streptomycin Sulfate < <

2.4.2.Miscellaneous Antimycobacterials <

Clofazimine

8 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

Oseltamivir Phosphate Zanamivir

2.5.6.Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Fluconazole Itraconazole < Ketoconazole < Posaconazole < Voriconazole

Palivizumab

2.5.5.Neuraminidase Inhibitors

Interferon Alfa (Antiviral) Peginterferon Alfa

2.5.4.Monoclonal Antibodies

Delavirdine Mesylate Efavirenz Nevirapine

2.5.2.5.Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Colistimethate Sodium Polymyxin B Sulfate

2.2.10.8.Rifamycins <

Raltegravir Potassium

2.5.2.4.Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

2.2.10.6.Oxazolidinones <

Enfuvirtide Maraviroc

2.5.2.2.HIV Protease Inhibitors

2.2.10.1.Aminocyclitols

Amantadine Hydrochloride (Antiviral) Rimantadine Hydrochloride

2.5.2.Antiretrovirals

2.2.10.1.Aminocyclitols < 2.2.10.2.Bacitracins < 2.2.10.3.Cyclic Lipopeptides < 2.2.10.4.Glycopeptides < 2.2.10.5.Lincomycins < 2.2.10.6.Oxazolidinones < 2.2.10.7.Polymyxins < 2.2.10.8.Rifamycins < 2.2.10.9.Streptogramins < 2.2.10.10.Other Miscellaneous Antibacterials <

Dapsone

2.5.Antivirals

2.5.7.Miscellaneous Antivirals <

Foscarnet Sodium

2.6.Antiprotozoals 2.6.1.Amebicides < 2.6.2.Antimalarials < 2.6.3.Miscellanous Antiprotozoals <

2.6.1.Amebicides < < <

Iodoquinol Metronidazole, Metronidazole Hydrochloride Paromomycin Sulfate

2.6.2.Antimalarials Atovaquone and Proguanil Hydrochloride Chloroquine Phosphate < Doxycycline Calcium, Doxycycline Hyclate, Doxycycline Monohydrate < Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate < Mefloquine Hydrochloride < Minocycline Hydrochloride < Primaquine Phosphate < Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine < Quinidine Gluconate, Quinidine Sulfate < Quinine Sulfate < Tetracyclines General Statement < <

2.6.3.Miscellanous Antiprotozoals < < <

Atovaquone Co-trimoxazole Metronidazole, Metronidazole Hydrochloride

Classification of drugs Nitazoxanide < Pentamidine Isethionate < Tinidazole < Trimetrexate Glucuronate <

2.7.Urinary Anti-infectives Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium Fosfomycin Tromethamine < Methenamine, Methenamine Hippurate, Methenamine Mandelate < Nitrofurantoin < Trimethoprim < <

3 | Antineoplastic Agents Abarelix Aldesleukin < Alemtuzumab < Anastrozole < Antineoplastic Agents General Statement < Arsenic Trioxide < Asparaginase < Azacitidine < Bevacizumab < Bexarotene < Bicalutamide < Bleomycin Sulfate < Bortezomib < Busulfan < Capecitabine < Carboplatin < Carmustine < Cetuximab < Chlorambucil < Cisplatin < Cladribine < Clofarabine < Cyclophosphamide < Cytarabine < Dacarbazine < Dactinomycin < Dasatinib < Daunorubicin Citrate, Daunorubicin Hydrochloride < Decitabine < Denileukin Diftitox < Docetaxel < Doxorubicin Hydrochloride < Epirubicin Hydrochloride < Erlotinib < Estramustine Phosphate Sodium < Etoposide < Exemestane < Floxuridine < Fludarabine Phosphate < Fluorouracil < Flutamide < Fulvestrant < Gefitinib < Gemcitabine Hydrochloride < Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin < Goserelin Acetate < Histrelin < Hydroxyurea < Ibritumomab Tiuxetan < Idarubicin Hydrochloride < Ifosfamide < Imatinib Mesylate < Interferon Alfa (Antineoplastic) < Irinotecan Hydrochloride < Lapatinib Ditosylate < Letrozole < Leuprolide Acetate < Lomustine < Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride < Megestrol Acetate < Melphalan < Mercaptopurine < Methotrexate, Methotrexate Sodium < Mitomycin < Mitotane < Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride < Nelarabine < Nilutamide < Oxaliplatin < Paclitaxel < Panitumumab < Pegaspargase < Pemetrexed Disodium < Pentostatin < Procarbazine Hydrochloride < Rituximab < Sorafenib Tosylate < Streptozocin < Sunitinib Malate < <

Tamoxifen Citrate < Temozolomide < Temsirolimus < Teniposide < Testolactone < Thioguanine < Thiotepa < Topotecan Hydrochloride < Toremifene Citrate < Tositumomab < Trastuzumab < Tretinoin < Triptorelin Pamoate < Valrubicin < Vinblastine Sulfate < Vincristine Sulfate < Vinorelbine Tartrate < Vorinostat <

4 | Autonomic Drugs 4.1.Parasympathomimetic (Cholinergic) Agents 4.2.Anticholinergic Agents < 4.3.Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents < 4.4.Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agents < 4.5.Skeletal Muscle Relaxants < 4.6.Autonomic Drugs, Miscellaneous < <

4.1.Parasympathomimetic (Cholinergic) Agents Ambenonium Chloride Bethanechol Chloride Cevimeline Hydrochloride < Donepezil Hydrochloride < Galantamine Hydrobromide < Neostigmine Bromide, Neostigmine Methylsulfate < Physostigmine Salicylate < Pyridostigmine Bromide < Rivastigmine Tartrate < Tacrine Hydrochloride < < <

4.2.Anticholinergic Agents 4.2.1.Antiparkinsonian Agents <

Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride

4.2.2.Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics General Statement Atropine, Atropine Sulfate Belladonna < Clidinium Bromide < Dicyclomine Hydrochloride < Glycopyrrolate < Hyoscyamine, Hyoscyamine Sulfate < Ipratropium Bromide < Mepenzolate Bromide < Methscopolamine Bromide < Propantheline Bromide < Scopolamine, Scopolamine Hydrobromide < Tiotropium Bromide < < <

4.3.Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents < < <

4.3.1. a-Adrenergic Agonists 4.3.2. b-Adrenergic Agonists 4.3.3. a- and b-Adrenergic Agonists

4.3.1. a-Adrenergic Agonists

Clonidine Guanabenz Acetate Methyldopa, Methyldopate Hydrochloride < Midodrine Hydrochloride < < <

4.3.2. b-Adrenergic Agonists

4.3.2.1.Non-selective b-Adrenergic Agonists 4.3.2.2.Selective b1-Adrenergic Agonists 4.3.2.3.Selective b2-Adrenergic Agonists 4.3.2.1.Non-selective b-Adrenergic Agonists < Isoproterenol Hydrochloride 4.3.2.2.Selective b1 -Adrenergic Agonists < Dobutamine Hydrochloride < Dopamine Hydrochloride 4.3.2.3.Selective b2 -Adrenergic Agonists < Albuterol < Arformoterol Tartrate < Formoterol Fumarate < Metaproterenol Sulfate < Salmeterol Xinafoate < Terbutaline Sulfate 4.3.3. a- and b-Adrenergic Agonists < Phenylephrine Hydrochloride < Ephedrine, Ephedrine Hydrochloride, Ephedrine Sulfate < Epinephrine < Metaraminol Bitartrate < Norepinephrine Bitartrate < Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Pseudoephedrine Sulfate < < <

4.4.Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agents Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Ergoloid Mesylates Ergotamine Tartrate < Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride < Phentolamine Mesylate < < <

WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 9

Classification of drugs 4.5.Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 4.5.1.Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 4.5.2.Direct-acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants < 4.5.3.GABA-derivative Skeletal Muscle Relaxants < 4.5.4.Neuromuscular Blocking Agents < 4.5.5.Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Miscellaneous

Epoetin Alfa Filgrastim Pegfilgrastim < Sargramostim <

4.5.1.Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Carisoprodol Chlorzoxazone < Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride < Metaxalone < Methocarbamol <

6.4.Hemorrheologic Agents < <

6.5.Antihemorrhagic Agents

< <

Dantrolene Sodium

Aminocaproic Acid Anti-inhibitor Coagulant Complex < Antihemophilic Factor (Human) < Antihemophilic Factor (Porcine) < Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) < Aprotinin < Factor IX < Factor VIIa (Recombinant) < Thrombin < <

Baclofen

4.5.4.Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Atracurium Besylate Neuromuscular Blocking Agents General Statement Pancuronium Bromide < Rocuronium Bromide < Succinylcholine Chloride < Tizanidine Hydrochloride < Vecuronium Bromide < < <

4.5.5.Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Miscellaneous < <

Botulinum Toxin Orphenadrine Citrate

4.6.Autonomic Drugs, Miscellaneous < <

Nicotine Varenicline tartrate

5 | Blood Derivatives < <

Albumin Human Plasma Protein Fraction

Protamine Sulfate

6.5.2.Hemostatics

4.5.3.GABA-derivative Skeletal Muscle Relaxants <

6.5.1.Antiheparin Agents 6.5.2.Hemostatics

6.5.1.Antiheparin Agents

4.5.2.Direct-acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants <

Dextran 40 Pentoxifylline

7 | Cardiovascular Drugs 7.1.Cardiac Drugs 7.2.Antilipemic Agents 7.3.Hypotensive Agents < 7.4.Vasodilating Agents < 7.5.Sclerosing Agents < 7.6.a-Adrenergic Blocking Agents < 7.7.b-Adrenergic Blocking Agents < 7.8.Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents < 7.9.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors < < <

7.1.Cardiac Drugs

6 | Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis 6.1.Antianemia Drugs < 6.2.Antithrombotic Agents < 6.3.Hematopoietic Agents < 6.4.Hemorrheologic Agents < 6.5.Antihemorrhagic Agents <

6.1.Antianemia Drugs < <

6.1.1.Iron Preparations 6.1.2.Liver and Stomach Preparations

6.1.1.Iron Preparations Iron Dextran Iron Preparations, Oral < Iron Sucrose < Sodium Ferric Gluconate <

< < < <

7.1.1.Antiarrhythmic Agents 7.1.2.Cardiotonic Agents 7.1.3.Cardiac Drugs, Miscellaneous

7.1.1.Antiarrhythmic Agents 7.1.1.1.Class Ia Antiarrhythmics 7.1.1.2.Class Ib Antiarrhythmics 7.1.1.3.Class Ic Antiarrhythmics < 7.1.1.4.Class II Antiarrhythmics < 7.1.1.5.Class III Antiarrhythmics < 7.1.1.6.Class IV Antiarrhythmics < 7.1.1.7.Antiarrhythmics, Miscellaneous < < <

7.1.1.1.Class Ia Antiarrhythmics <

6.1.2.Liver and Stomach Preparations

< <

7.1.1.2.Class Ib Antiarrhythmics

Vitamin B12

6.2.Antithrombotic Agents 6.2.1.Anticoagulants < 6.2.2.Platelet-aggregation Inhibitors < 6.2.3.Thrombolytic Agents

< <

6.2.1.1.Coumarin Derivatives 6.2.1.2.Direct Thrombin Inhibitors 6.2.1.3.Heparins < 6.2.1.4.Anticoagulants, Miscellaneous

< < <

Acebutolol Hydrochloride Atenolol Betaxolol Hydrochloride < Bisoprolol Fumarate < Carvedilol < Esmolol Hydrochloride < Labetalol Hydrochloride < Metoprololol Succinate, Metoprolol Tartrate < Pindolol < Propranolol Hydrochloride < Sotalol Hydrochloride < Timolol Maleate < <

6.2.1.1.Coumarin Derivatives

Warfarin Sodium

6.2.1.2.Direct Thrombin Inhibitors < <

Argatroban Bivalirudin Lepirudin

6.2.1.3.Heparins Dalteparin Sodium Enoxaparin Sodium < Heparin Sodium < Tinzaparin Sodium < <

6.2.1.4.Anticoagulants, Miscellaneous <

7.1.1.5.Class III Antiarrhythmics Amiodarone Hydrochloride Dofetilide Ibutilide Fumarate < Sotalol Hydrochloride <

Fondaparinux Sodium

6.2.2.Platelet-aggregation Inhibitors Abciximab Aspirin Cilostazol < Clopidogrel Bisulfate < Dipyridamole < Eptifibatide < Sulfinpyrazone < Ticlopidine Hydrochloride < Tirofiban

< <

7.1.1.6.Class IV Antiarrhythmics Adenosine Diltiazem Hydrochloride < Verapamil Hydrochloride <

6.2.3.Thrombolytic Agents Alteplase < Aspirin < Reteplase < Tenecteplase < Urokinase <

6.3.Hematopoietic Agents <

Darbepoetin Alfa

10 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

Encainide Hydrochloride Flecainide Acetate Propafenone Hydrochloride

7.1.1.4.Class II Antiarrhythmics

Lidocaine Hydrochloride (Antiarrhythmic) Mexiletine Hydrochloride Phenytoin, Phenytoin Sodium

7.1.1.3.Class Ic Antiarrhythmics

6.2.1.Anticoagulants <

Disopyramide Phosphate Procainamide Hydrochloride Quinidine Gluconate, Quinidine Sulfate

7.1.1.7.Antiarrhythmics, Miscellaneous < <

Cardiac Glycosides General Statement Digoxin

7.1.2.Cardiotonic Agents Cardiac Glycosides General Statement Digoxin < Dobutamine Hydrochloride < Dopamine Hydrochloride < Inamrinone Lactate < Milrinone Lactate < <

7.1.3.Cardiac Drugs, Miscellaneous <

Ranolazine

Classification of drugs 7.2.Antilipemic Agents

7.3.8.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors

7.2.1.Bile Acid Sequestrants 7.2.2.Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors 7.2.3.Fibric Acid Derivatives < 7.2.4.HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors < 7.2.5.Antilipemic Agents, Miscellaneous <

7.3.8.1.Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors <

7.2.1.Bile Acid Sequestrants

Cholestyramine Resin Colesevelam Hydrochloride < Colestipol Hydrochloride <

< <

7.2.2.Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors

7.2.3.Fibric Acid Derivatives Fenofibrate < Gemfibrozil

Acebutolol Hydrochloride Betaxolol Hydrochloride Captopril < Carvedilol < Doxazosin Mesylate < Felodipine < Fosinopril Sodium < Isradipine < Lisinopril < Moexipril Hydrochloride < Nicardipine < Nimodipine < Nisoldipine < Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride < Phentolamine Mesylate < Pindolol < Propranolol Hydrochloride < Ramipril < Sotalol Hydrochloride < Terazosin Hydrochloride < Timolol Maleate < Trandolapril < Valsartan < <

Atorvastatin Calcium < Fluvastatin Sodium < HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors General Statement < Lovastatin < Pravastatin Sodium < Rosuvastatin Calcium < Simvastatin <

7.2.5.Antilipemic Agents, Miscellaneous <

Niacin Omega-3-acid Ethyl Esters

7.3.Hypotensive Agents 7.3.1.a-Adrenergic Blocking Agents 7.3.2.b-Adrenergic Blocking Agents 7.3.3.Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents < 7.3.4.Central Agonists < 7.3.5.Direct Vasodilators < 7.3.6.Diuretics < 7.3.7.Peripheral Adrenergic Inhibitors < 7.3.8.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors < 7.3.9.Hypotensive Agents, Miscellaneous < < <

7.3.1.a-Adrenergic Blocking Agents < <

Labetalol Hydrochloride Prazosin Hydrochloride

7.3.2.b-Adrenergic Blocking Agents Atenolol < Esmolol Hydrochloride < Labetalol Hydrochloride < Metoprololol Succinate, Metoprolol Tartrate

7.4.Vasodilating Agents < <

Amyl Nitrite Isosorbide Dinitrate/Mononitrate Nitrates and Nitrites General Statement < Nitric Oxide < Nitroglycerin < < <

Diltiazem Hydrochloride Verapamil Hydrochloride

7.3.4.Central a-Agonists

Clonidine Guanabenz Acetate < Methyldopa, Methyldopate Hydrochloride <

7.4.1.Nitrates and Nitrites 7.4.2.Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 7.4.3.Vasodilating Agents, Miscellaneous

7.4.1.Nitrates and Nitrites

7.3.3.Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents <

7.4.2.Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors <

7.3.5.Direct Vasodilators Diazoxide Hydralazine Hydrochloride < Minoxidil < Sodium Nitroprusside <

< <

Alprostadil Ambrisentan Bosentan < Diltiazem Hydrochloride < Dipyridamole < Epoprostenol Sodium < Iloprost < Isoxsuprine Hydrochloride < Nesiritide < Nicardipine < Nimodipine < Papaverine Hydrochloride < Treprostinil Sodium < Verapamil Hydrochloride < < <

7.3.6.Diuretics 7.3.6.1.Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 7.3.6.2.Loop Diuretics 7.3.6.3.Osmotic Diuretics < 7.3.6.4.Potassium-sparing Diuretics < 7.3.6.5.Thiazide Diuretics < 7.3.6.6.Thiazide-like Diuretics < 7.3.6.7.Diuretics, Miscellaneous < < <

7.3.6.1.Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors <

Acetazolamide, Acetazolamide Sodium (EENT)

Bumetanide Ethacrynic Acid, Ethacrynate Sodium < Furosemide < Torsemide < <

7.3.6.3.Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol (Diuretic) < Urea <

7.3.6.4.Potassium-sparing Diuretics Amiloride Hydrochloride Eplerenone Spironolactone < Triamterene < < <

7.3.6.5.Thiazide Diuretics Bendroflumethiazide Chlorothiazide, Chlorothiazide Sodium Hydrochlorothiazide < Methyclothiazide < Polythiazide < < <

7.3.6.6.Thiazide-like Diuretics Chlorthalidone Indapamide < Metolazone < <

7.3.6.7.Diuretics, Miscellaneous <

Theophyllines

7.3.7.Peripheral Adrenergic Inhibitors <

Rauwolfia Alkaloids

Sildenafil Citrate Tadalafil Vardenafil Hydrochloride

7.4.3.Vasodilating Agents, Miscellaneous

7.3.6.2.Loop Diuretics

Eplerenone Spironolactone

7.3.9.Hypotensive Agents, Miscellaneous

7.2.4.HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

Olmesartan Medoxomil Telmisartan

7.3.8.3.Mineralocorticoid (Aldosterone) Receptor Antagonists

Ezetimibe

Enalaprilat/Enalapril Maleate Perindopril Erbumine

7.3.8.2.Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

7.3.8.1.Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 7.3.8.2.Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists 7.3.8.3.Mineralocorticoid (Aldosterone) Receptor Antagonists

7.5.Sclerosing Agents < <

Morrhuate Sodium Talc

7.6.a-Adrenergic Blocking Agents Carvedilol Doxazosin Mesylate Labetalol Hydrochloride < Prazosin Hydrochloride < Terazosin Hydrochloride < < <

7.7.b-Adrenergic Blocking Agents Acebutolol Hydrochloride Atenolol Betaxolol Hydrochloride < Bisoprolol Fumarate < Carvedilol < Esmolol Hydrochloride < Labetalol Hydrochloride < Metoprololol Succinate, Metoprolol Tartrate < Nadolol < Pindolol < Propranolol Hydrochloride < Sotalol Hydrochloride < Timolol Maleate < < <

7.8.Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents < <

7.8.1.Dihydropyridines 7.8.2.Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents, Miscellaneous WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 11

Classification of drugs 7.8.1.Dihydropyridines Amlodipine Besylate Felodipine < Isradipine < Nicardipine < Nifedipine < Nimodipine < Nisoldipine

Naproxen, Naproxen Sodium Oxaprozin, Oxaprozin Potassium Piroxicam < Sulindac < Tolmetin Sodium <

8.2.2.Opiate Agonists Codeine, Codeine Phosphate, Codeine Sulfate (Analgesic) Fentanyl Citrate < Hydrocodone Bitartrate (Analgesic) < Hydromorphone Hydrochloride < Levorphanol Tartrate < Meperidine Hydrochloride < Methadone Hydrochloride < Morphine Sulfate < Opiate Agonists General Statement < Opium < Oxycodone, Oxycodone Hydrochloride, Oxycodone Terephthalate < Oxymorphone Hydrochloride < Propoxyphene Hydrochloride, Propoxyphene Napsylate < Sufentanil Citrate < Tramadol Hydrochloride < <

7.8.2.Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents, Miscellaneous < <

Diltiazem Hydrochloride Verapamil Hydrochloride

7.9.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors 7.9.1Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 7.9.2.Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists 7.9.3.Mineralocorticoid (Aldosterone) Receptor Antagonists < 7.9.4.Renin Inhibitors < < <

7.9.1.Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Benazepril Hydrochloride Captopril Enalaprilat/Enalapril Maleate < Fosinopril Sodium < Lisinopril < Moexipril Hydrochloride < Perindopril Erbumine < Quinapril Hydrochloride < Ramipril < Trandolapril < < <

7.9.2.Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists Candesartan Cilexetil < Eprosartan Mesylate < Irbesartan < Losartan Potassium < Olmesartan Medoxomil < Telmisartan < Valsartan

8.2.3.Opiate Partial Agonists Buprenorphine Hydrochloride Butorphanol Tartrate < Nalbuphine Hydrochloride < Pentazocine Hydrochloride, Pentazocine Lactate < <

8.2.4.Analgesics and Antipyretics, Miscellaneous Acetaminophen Gabapentin Salicylamide < Sodium Thiosalicylate < Ziconotide <

7.9.3.Mineralocorticoid (Aldosterone) Receptor Antagonists < <

Eplerenone Spironolactone

7.9.4.Renin Inhibitors <

Aliskiren Hemifumarate

8 | Central Nervous System Agents 8.1.General Anesthetics 8.2.Analgesics and Antipyretics < 8.3.Opiate Antagonists < 8.4.Anticonvulsants < 8.5.Psychotherapeutic Agents < 8.6.Anorexigenic Agents and Respiratory and Cerebral Stimulants < 8.7.Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics < 8.8.Antimanic Agents < 8.9.Antimigraine Agents < 8.10.Antiparkinsonian Agents < 8.11.Central Nervous System Agents, Miscellaneous

< <

8.3.Opiate Antagonists < < <

Nalmefene Hydrochloride Naloxone Hydrochloride Naltrexone

8.4.Anticonvulsants 8.4.1.Barbiturates 8.4.2.Benzodiazepines < 8.4.3.Hydantoins < 8.4.4.Succinimides < 8.4.5.Anticonvulsants, Miscellaneous < <

8.4.1.Barbiturates Mephobarbital (Anticonvulsant) Methohexital Sodium Phenobarbital, Phenobarbital Sodium (Anticonvulsant) < Primidone

8.1.General Anesthetics

8.4.2.Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines General Statement Clonazepam Clorazepate Dipotassium < Diazepam < Lorazepam < < <

8.4.3.Hydantoins Ethotoin Fosphenytoin Sodium < Phenytoin, Phenytoin Sodium <

8.1.1.Barbiturates < 8.1.2.General Anesthetics, Miscellaneous <

8.1.1.Barbiturates < <

8.4.4.Succinimides

Methohexital Sodium Thiopental Sodium

8.1.2.General Anesthetics, Miscellaneous <

< <

8.4.5.Anticonvulsants, Miscellaneous

Etomidate Propofol

Acetazolamide, Acetazolamide Sodium Carbamazepine < Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors General Statement < Felbamate < Gabapentin < Lamotrigine < Levetiracetam < Magnesium Sulfate < Oxcarbazepine < Pregabalin < Tiagabine Hydrochloride < Topiramate < Valproate Sodium, Valproic Acid, Divalproex Sodium < Zonisamide < <

8.2.Analgesics and Antipyretics 8.2.1.Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents 8.2.2.Opiate Agonists 8.2.3.Opiate Partial Agonists < 8.2.4.Analgesics and Antipyretics, Miscellaneous < < <

8.2.1.Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents 8.2.1.1.Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors 8.2.1.2.Salicylates < 8.2.1.3.Other Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents < <

8.2.1.1.Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors <

Celecoxib

8.2.1.2.Salicylates Aspirin Salicylate Salts Salicylates General Statement < Salsalate <

8.5.Psychotherapeutic Agents

8.2.1.3.Other Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents Diclofenac Sodium, Diclofenac Potassium < Diflunisal < Etodolac < Fenoprofen Calcium < Flurbiprofen Sodium < Ibuprofen < Indomethacin < Ketoprofen < Ketorolac Tromethamine < Meclofenamate Sodium < Mefenamic Acid < Meloxicam < Nabumetone <

12 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

Ethosuximide Methsuximide

8.5.1.Antidepressants 8.5.2.Antipsychotics

8.5.1.Antidepressants 8.5.1.1.Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors 8.5.1.2.Selective Serotonin- and Norepinephrine-reuptake Inhibitors < 8.5.1.3.Selective Serotonin-reuptake Inhibitors < 8.5.1.4.Serotonin Modulators < 8.5.1.5.Tricyclics and Other Norepinephrine-reuptake Inhibitors < 8.5.1.6.Antidepressants, Miscellaneous < <

8.5.1.1.Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Phenelzine Sulfate Rasagiline Mesylate < Selegiline Hydrochloride < Tranylcypromine Sulfate < <

8.5.1.2.Selective Serotonin- and Norepinephrine-reuptake Inhibitors < <

Duloxetine Hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

Classification of drugs 8.5.1.3.Selective Serotonin-reuptake Inhibitors

Chlordiazepoxide, Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride < Clonazepam < Clorazepate Dipotassium < Diazepam < Estazolam < Flurazepam Hydrochloride < Lorazepam < Midazolam Hydrochloride < Oxazepam < Quazepam < Temazepam < Triazolam <

Citalopram Hydrobromide Escitalopram Oxalate Fluoxetine Hydrochloride < Fluvoxamine Maleate < Paroxetine < Sertraline Hydrochloride < < <

8.5.1.4.Serotonin Modulators < <

Nefazodone Hydrochloride Trazodone Hydrochloride

8.5.1.5.Tricyclics and Other Norepinephrine-reuptake Inhibitors Amitriptyline Hydrochloride Amoxapine Clomipramine Hydrochloride < Desipramine Hydrochloride < Doxepin Hydrochloride < Imipramine Hydrochloride, Imipramine Pamoate < Maprotiline Hydrochloride < Nortriptyline Hydrochloride < Protriptyline Hydrochloride < Tricyclic Antidepressants General Statement < Trimipramine Maleate < <

8.7.3.Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics; Miscellaneous Buspirone Hydrochloride Chloral Hydrate < Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride < Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride < Droperidol < Eszopiclone < Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride, Hydroxyzine Pamoate < Meprobamate < Promethazine Hydrochloride (Antiemetic/Sedative) < Propofol < Ramelteon < Zaleplon < Zolpidem Tartrate

< <

8.5.1.6.Antidepressants, Miscellaneous < <

Bupropion Hydrochloride Mirtazapine

8.5.2.Antipsychotics 8.5.2.1.Atypical Antipsychotics 8.5.2.2.Butyrophenones 8.5.2.3.Phenothiazines < 8.5.2.4.Thioxanthenes < 8.5.2.5.Antipsychotics, Miscellaneous <

8.8.Antimanic Agents

8.5.2.1.Atypical Antipsychotics Aripiprazole < Clozapine < Olanzapine < Paliperidone < Quetiapine Fumarate < Risperidone < Ziprasidone <

8.9.Antimigraine Agents < <

Almotriptan Malate Eletriptan Hydrobromide Frovatriptan Succinate < Naratriptan Hydrochloride < Rizatriptan Benzoate < Sumatriptan, Sumatriptan Succinate < Zolmitriptan < < <

Haloperidol, Haloperidol Decanoate, Haloperidol Lactate

Chlorpromazine, Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Fluphenazine Decanoate, Fluphenazine Hydrochloride < Perphenazine < Phenothiazines General Statement < Prochlorperazine, Prochlorperazine Edisylate, Prochlorperazine Maleate (Antipsychotic) < Thioridazine, Thioridazine Hydrochloride < Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride

Caffeine; Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection; Caffeine, Citrated Ketoprofen Opiate Agonists General Statement < Propranolol Hydrochloride < Timolol Maleate < Topiramate < Valproate Sodium, Valproic Acid, Divalproex Sodium <

Thiothixene

8.5.2.5.Antipsychotics, Miscellaneous Loxapine Succinate Molindone Hydrochloride < Pimozide < <

8.6.Anorexigenic Agents and Respiratory and Cerebral Stimulants <

8.9.2.Antimigraine Agents, Miscellaneous

8.5.2.4.Thioxanthenes

8.9.1.Selective Serotonin Agonists 8.9.2.Antimigraine Agents, Miscellaneous

8.9.1-Selective Serotonin Agonists

8.5.2.2.Butyrophenones 8.5.2.3.Phenothiazines

Carbamazepine Lithium Salts Valproate Sodium, Valproic Acid, Divalproex Sodium

8.6.1.Amphetamines 8.6.2.Anorexigenic Agents and Respiratory and Cerebral Stimulants, Miscellaneous

8.6.1.Amphetamines Amphetamine Aspartate, Amphetamine Sulfate Amphetamines General Statement < Benzphetamine Hydrochloride < Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride < Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate < Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate < Methamphetamine Hydrochloride

8.10.Antiparkinsonian Agents 8.10.1.Adamantanes 8.10.2.Anticholinergic Agents 8.10.3.Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Inhibitors < 8.10.4.Dopamine Precursors < 8.10.5.Dopamine Receptor Agonists < 8.10.6.Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors < < <

8.10.1.Adamantanes <

Benztropine Mesylate Biperiden Hydrochloride Procyclidine Hydrochloride < Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride <

8.6.2.Anorexigenic Agents and Respiratory and Cerebral Stimulants, Miscellaneous Ammonia Spirit, Aromatic Caffeine; Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection; Caffeine, Citrated Diethylpropion Hydrochloride < Doxapram Hydrochloride < Methylphenidate Hydrochloride < Modafinil < Phendimetrazine Tartrate < Phentermine, Phentermine Hydrochloride < Sibutramine Hydrochloride < Theophyllines

Amantadine Hydrochloride (Antiparkinson)

8.10.2.Anticholinergic Agents

8.10.3.Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Inhibitors <

Tolcapone

8.10.4.Dopamine Precursors <

Levodopa, Carbidopa

8.10.5.Dopamine Receptor Agonists 8.10.5.1.Ergot-derivative Dopamine Receptor Agonists 8.10.5.2.Nonergot-derivative Dopamine Receptor Agonists

8.10.5.1.Ergot-derivative Dopamine Receptor Agonists

8.7.Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics 8.7.1.Barbiturates < 8.7.2.Benzodiazepines < 8.7.3.Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics; Miscellaneous

< <

8.10.5.2.Nonergot-derivative Dopamine Receptor Agonists < < <

Amobarbital, Amobarbital Sodium Barbiturates General Statement Butabarbital Sodium < Mephobarbital (Sedative) < Pentobarbital, Pentobarbital Sodium < Phenobarbital, Phenobarbital Sodium (Sedative) < Secobarbital, Secobarbital Sodium < < <

8.7.2.Benzodiazepines < <

Alprazolam Benzodiazepines General Statement

Apomorphine Hydrochloride Pramipexole Dihydrochloride Ropinirole Hydrochloride

8.10.6.Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors <

8.7.1.Barbiturates

Bromocriptine Mesylate Pergolide Mesylate

Rasagiline Mesylate Selegiline Hydrochloride

8.11.Anti-Dementia Agents 8.11.1.Cholinesterase Inhibitors 8.11.2.Nootropics 8.11.3.Neuroprotective Agents < 8.11.4.Vasoactive Agents < 8.11.5.Immunotrophins < 8.11.6.Anti-Atherogenic Compounds < 8.11.7.Other Anti-Dementia Drugs < < <

8.11.1.Cholinesterase Inhibitors Donepezil Galantamine Rivastigmine < Tacrine < < <

WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 13

Classification of drugs 8.11.2.Nootropics < <

Citrate Salts, Citric Acid, Citric Acid Monohydrate, Potassium Citrate, Potassium Citrate Monohydrate, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate Dihydrate Sodium Bicarbonate < Sodium Lactate < Tromethamine

Piracetam Ginkgo biloba

8.11.3.Neuroprotective Agents < <

CDP-Choline Hydergine

8.11.4.Vasoactive agents Cinnarizine < Nimodipine < Nicergoline < Vinpocetin

10.3.Ammonia Detoxicants Acetohydroxamic Acid Lactulose < Sodium Phenylacetate and Sodium Benzoate < Sodium Phenylbutyrate <

8.11.5.Immunotrophins

10.4.Replacement Preparations Calcium Salts Dextran 40 Dextran 70 < Electrolyte Solutions < Hetastarch < Potassium Supplements < Sodium Chloride <

Anapsos < Cerebrolysin <

< <

8.11.6.Anti-Atherogenic Compounds <

LipoEsar

8.11.7.Other Anti-Dementia Drugs <

Memantine

8.12.Central Nervous System Agents, Miscellaneous

10.5.Ion-removing Agents

Acamprosate Calcium Atomoxetine Hydrochloride < Entacapone < Flumazenil < Riluzole < Sodium Oxybate

10.5.1.Calcium-removing Agents 10.5.2.Potassium-removing Agents 10.5.3.Phosphate-removing Agents < 10.5.4.Other Ion-removing Agents

< <

10.5.1.Calcium-removing Agents <

Cellulose Sodium Phosphate

10.5.2.Potassium-removing Agents <

9 | Diagnostic Agents 9.1.Adrenocortical Insufficiency 9.2.Cardiac Function 9.3.Drug Hypersensitivity < 9.4.Fungi < 9.5.Gallbladder Function < 9.6.Intestinal Absorption < 9.7.Kidney Function < 9.8.Liver Function < 9.9.Mumps < 9.10.Myasthenia Gravis < 9.11.Pancreatic Function < 9.12.Pituitary Function < 9.13.Roentgenography < 9.14.Tuberculosis

Amino Acid Injections Dextrose Fat Emulsions < Invert Sugar < < <

10.7.Diuretics 10.7.1.Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 10.7.2.Loop Diuretics < 10.7.3.Osmotic Diuretics < 10.7.4.Potassium-sparing Diuretics < 10.7.5.Thiazide Diuretics < 10.7.6.Thiazide-like Diuretics < 10.7.7.Diuretics, Miscellaneous < <

Corticotropin (Diagnostic) Cosyntropin

10.7.1.Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Indocyanine Green (Diagnostic: Cardiac)

9.3.Drug Hypersensitivity <

Benzylpenicilloyl Polylysine

9.4.Fungi < <

Bumetanide Ethacrynic Acid, Ethacrynate Sodium Furosemide < Torsemide < < <

Sincalide

9.6.Intestinal Absorption <

10.7.3.Osmotic Diuretics

Xylose

9.7.Kidney Function < < <

Amiloride Hydrochloride Eplerenone Spironolactone < Triamterene < < <

Indocyanine Green (Diagnostic: Hepatic)

9.9.Mumps <

10.7.5.Thiazide Diuretics

Mumps Skin Test Antigen

Bendroflumethiazide Chlorothiazide, Chlorothiazide Sodium < Hydrochlorothiazide < Methyclothiazide < Polythiazide <

9.10.Myasthenia Gravis < <

Edrophonium Chloride Neostigmine Bromide, Neostigmine Methylsulfate

9.11.Pancreatic Function < <

10.7.6.Thiazide-like Diuretics

Secretin Tolbutamide

Chlorthalidone Indapamide < Metolazone <

9.12.Pituitary Function < <

Arginine Hydrochloride Metyrapone

10.7.7.Diuretics, Miscellaneous

9.13.Tuberculosis <

Tuberculin

9.13.Roentgenography 9.14.Tuberculosis

< < <

10.1.Acidifying Agents 10.2.Alkalinizing Agents < 10.3.Ammonia Detoxicants < 10.4.Replacement Preparations < 10.5.Ion-removing Agents < 10.6.Caloric Agents < 10.7.Diuretics < 10.8.Irrigating Solutions < 10.9.Uricosuric Agents

Conivaptan Hydrochloride Theophyllines

10.8.Irrigating Solutions

Tuberculin

10 | Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance

Mannitol (Diuretic) Urea

10.7.4.Potassium-sparing Diuretics

Aminohippurate Sodium Indigotindisulfonate Sodium Mannitol (Diagnostic)

9.8.Liver Function <

Acetazolamide, Acetazolamide Sodium Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors General Statement

10.7.2.Loop Diuretics

Coccidioidin Histoplasmin

9.5.Gallbladder Function <

Prussian Blue

10.6.Caloric Agents

9.2.Cardiac Function <

Calcium Salts Lanthanum Carbonate Sevelamer Hydrochloride

10.5.4.Other Ion-removing Agents

9.1.Adrenocortical Insufficiency <

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

10.5.3.Phosphate-removing Agents

Irrigating Solutions Mannitol (Diuretic) Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions

10.9.Uricosuric Agents <

Probenecid Sulfinpyrazone

10.1.Acidifying Agents <

Ammonium Chloride

10.2.Alkalinizing Agents 14 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

11 | Enzymes Agalsidase Beta Alglucerase < Alteplase < Asparaginase < Dornase Alfa < Galsulfase < Imiglucerase < <

Classification of drugs a-1-Proteinase Inhibitor (Human) < Laronidase < Rasburicase < Reteplase < Sacrosidase < Tenecteplase < Urokinase

12.8.Vasodilating Agents Bosentan Nitric Oxide Sildenafil Citrate < Treprostinil Sodium < < <

12.9.Respiratory Agents, Miscellaneous < <

12 | Respiratory Tract Agents

12.1.Antihistamines 12.2.Antitussives 12.3.Anti-inflammatory Agents < 12.4.Bronchodilators < 12.5.Expectorants < 12.6.Mucolytic Agents < 12.7.Pulmonary Surfactants < 12.8.Vasodilating Agents < 12.9.Respiratory Agents, Miscellaneous < < <

12.1.Antihistamines Acrivastine Antihistamines General Statement < Azelastine Hydrochloride < Brompheniramine Maleate, Dexbrompheniramine Maleate < Carbinoxamine Maleate < Cetirizine Hydrochloride < Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate < Clemastine Fumarate < Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride < Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride < Doxylamine Succinate < Triprolidine Hydrochloride < <

12.2.Antitussives Benzonatate Codeine Phosphate, Codeine Sulfate (Antitussive) < Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide < Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride < Hydrocodone Bitartrate (Antitussive)

13.1.Antiallergic Agents 13.2.Anti-infectives 13.3.Anti-inflammatory Agents < 13.4.Local Anesthetics < 13.5.Mydriatics < 13.6.Mouthwashes and Gargles < 13.7.Vasoconstrictors < 13.8.Antiglaucoma Agents < 13.9.EENT Drugs, Miscellaneous < < <

13.1.Antiallergic Agents Azelastine Hydrochloride Cromolyn Sodium < Emedastine Difumarate < Epinastine Hydrochloride < Ketotifen Fumarate < Lodoxamide Tromethamine < Nedocromil < Olopatadine Hydrochloride < Pemirolast Potassium < <

13.2.Anti-infectives 13.2.1.Antibacterials 13.2.2.Antifungals 13.2.3.Antivirals < 13.2.4.EENT Anti-infectives, Miscellaneous < <

13.2.1.Antibacterials Bacitracin, Bacitracin Zinc Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride < Doxycycline Hyclate < Erythromycin < Gatifloxacin < Gentamicin Sulfate < Levofloxacin < Minocycline Hydrochloride < Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride < Neomycin Sulfate < Ofloxacin < Polymyxin B Sulfate < Sulfacetamide Sodium < Tobramycin <

12.3.Anti-inflammatory Agents < <

12.3.1.Corticosteroids 12.3.2.Leukotriene Modifiers 12.3.3.Mast-cell Stabilizers

12.3.1.Corticosteroids Beclomethasone Dipropionate Budesonide < Budesonide < Flunisolide < Flunisolide < Fluticasone Propionate < Mometasone Furoate < Triamcinolone Acetonide < Triamcinolone, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Triamcinolone Diacetate, Triamcinolone Hexacetonide < <

12.3.2.Leukotriene Modifiers Montelukast Sodium < Zafirlukast < Zileuton

13.2.2.Antifungals <

Boric Acid, Sodium Borate, Sodium Borate Decahydrate Carbamide Peroxide Chlorhexidine Gluconate < Silver Nitrate < Zinc Sulfate < <

Cromolyn Sodium Nedocromil Sodium

12.4.Bronchodilators 12.4.1.Adrenergic Agents 12.4.2.Anticholinergic Agents < 12.4.3.Xanthine Derivatives < <

12.4.1.Adrenergic Agents 12.4.1.1.Non-selective b-Adrenergic Agonists 12.4.1.2.Selective b2-Adrenergic Agonists 12.4.1.3. a- and b-Adrenergic Agonists 12.4.1.1.Non-selective b-Adrenergic Agonists < Isoproterenol Hydrochloride 12.4.1.2.Selective b2-Adrenergic Agonists < Albuterol < Formoterol Fumarate < Metaproterenol Sulfate < Terbutaline Sulfate 12.4.1.3. a- and b-Adrenergic Agonists < Ephedrine, Ephedrine Hydrochloride, Ephedrine Sulfate < Epinephrine < Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Pseudoephedrine Sulfate <

13.3.Anti-inflammatory Agents 13.3.1.Corticosteroids 13.3.2.Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents < 13.3.3.EENT Anti-inflammatory Agents, Miscellaneous < <

13.3.1.Corticosteroids Beclomethasone Dipropionate Budesonide Dexamethasone, Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate < EENT Corticosteroids General Statement < Flunisolide < Fluocinolone Acetonide < Fluorometholone < Fluticasone Propionate < Hydrocortisone, Hydrocortisone Acetate < Loteprednol Etabonate < Mometasone Furoate < Prednisolone Acetate, Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate < Rimexolone < Triamcinolone Acetonide

12.4.2.Anticholinergic Agents < < <

Atropine, Atropine Sulfate Ipratropium Bromide Tiotropium Bromide

13.3.2.Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents Bromfenac Sodium Flurbiprofen Sodium Ketorolac Tromethamine < Nepafenac < <

12.4.3.Xanthine Derivatives <

Theophyllines

12.5.Expectorants Guaifenesin < Potassium Iodide, Strong Iodine Solution

13.3.3.EENT Anti-inflammatory Agents, Miscellaneous

12.6.Mucolytic Agents < <

Acetylcysteine Dornase Alfa

12.7.Pulmonary Surfactants <

Beractant

Trifluridine

13.2.4.EENT Anti-infectives, Miscellaneous

12.3.3.Mast-cell Stabilizers <

Natamycin

13.2.3.Antivirals

a1-Proteinase Inhibitor (Human) Omalizumab

13 | Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat (EENT) Preparations

Poractant Alfa

Cyclosporine

13.4.Local Anesthetics Benzocaine Cocaine Hydrochloride Dyclonine Hydrochloride < Proparacaine Hydrochloride < Tetracaine < < <

WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 15

Classification of drugs 13.5.Mydriatics Atropine Sulfate Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride < Dipivefrin Hydrochloride < Epinephrine (Mydriatic) < Homatropine Hydrobromide < Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (Mydriatic) < Scopolamine Hydrobromide < Tropicamide

14.5.Digestants

14.6.Emetics <

14.7.1.Antihistamines 14.7.2.5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists < 14.7.3.Antiemetics, Miscellaneous < <

14.7.1.Antihistamines

Hydrogen Peroxide

Antihistamines General Statement Dimenhydrinate Meclizine Hydrochloride < Prochlorperazine, Prochlorperazine Edisylate, Prochlorperazine Maleate (Antiemetic) < Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride <

13.7.Vasoconstrictors

Epinephrine (Vasoconstrictor) Naphazoline Hydrochloride Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride < Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (Vasoconstrictor) < Propylhexedrine < Tetrahydrozoline Hydrochloride <

< <

14.7.2.5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists Dolasetron Mesylate Granisetron Hydrochloride Ondansetron Hydrochloride < Palonosetron Hydrochloride < <

13.8.Antiglaucoma Agents 13.8.1.a-Adrenergic Agonists 13.8.2.b-Adrenergic Agonists 13.8.3.Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors < 13.8.4.Miotics < 13.8.5.Osmotic Agents < 13.8.6.Prostaglandin Analogs < 13.8.7.Antiglaucoma Agents, Miscellaneous 13.8.1.a-Adrenergic Agonists < Brimonidine Tartrate 13.8.2.b-Adrenergic Agonists < Betaxolol Hydrochloride < Levobunolol Hydrochloride < Timolol

Ipecac Syrup

14.7.Antiemetics

13.6.Mouthwashes and Gargles <

Pancreatin Pancrelipase

14.7.3.Antiemetics, Miscellaneous

Aprepitant Diphenidol Hydrochloride < Dronabinol < Nabilone < Phenothiazines General Statement < Promethazine Hydrochloride (Antiemetic/Sedative) < Scopolamine, Scopolamine Hydrobromide

< <

14.8.Antiulcer Agents and Acid Suppressants 14.8.1.Histamine H2-Antagonists 14.8.2.Prostaglandins < 14.8.3.Protectants < 14.8.4.Proton-pump Inhibitors < <

13.8.3.Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

14.8.1.Histamine H2-Antagonists

Acetazolamide, Acetazolamide Sodium Brinzolamide Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors General Statement < Dorzolamide Hydrochloride < Methazolamide <

Cimetidine, Cimetidine Hydrochloride Famotidine Nizatidine < Ranitidine Hydrochloride,

< <

13.8.4.Miotics

14.8.2.Prostaglandins

Acetylcholine Chloride < Carbachol < Miotics General Statement < Pilocarpine, Pilocarpine Hydrochloride, Pilocarpine Nitrate <

Esomeprazole Magnesium, Esomeprazole Sodium Lansoprazole Omeprazole < Pantoprazole Sodium < Rabeprazole Sodium <

Mannitol (Diuretic) Urea

< <

13.8.6.Prostaglandin Analogs Bimatoprost Latanoprost < Travoprost < <

13.8.7.Antiglaucoma Agents, Miscellaneous < <

Dipivefrin Hydrochloride Epinephrine (Mydriatic)

14.9.Prokinetic Agents < <

Cisapride Metoclopramide Hydrochloride

14.10.Anti-inflammatory Agents Alosetron Hydrochloride Balsalazide Disodium Mesalamine < Olsalazine Sodium <

13.8.8.EENT Drugs, Miscellaneous Apraclonidine Hydrochloride < Pegaptanib Sodium < Ranibizumab < Verteporfin

Sucralfate

14.8.4.Proton-pump Inhibitors

13.8.5.Osmotic Agents <

Misoprostol

14.8.3.Protectants

14.11.GI Drugs, Miscellaneous < < <

Lubiprostone Orlistat Tegaserod Maleate

14 | Gastrointestinal Drugs 14.1.Antacids and Adsorbents 14.2.Antidiarrhea Agents < 14.3.Antiflatulents < 14.4.Cathartics and Laxatives < 14.5.Digestants < 14.6.Emetics < 14.7.Antiemetics < 14.8.Antiulcer Agents and Acid Suppressants < 14.9.Prokinetic Agents < 14.10.Anti-inflammatory Agents < 14.11.GI Drugs, Miscellaneous < <

14.1.Antacids and Adsorbents < <

Antacids Charcoal, Activated

14.2.Antidiarrhea Agents Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride Lactobacillus Acidophilus < Loperamide Hydrochloride < Opium Preparations

15 | Gold Compounds < <

Auranofin Aurothioglucose, Gold Sodium Thiomalate

16 | Heavy Metal Antagonists Deferoxamine Mesylate Dimercaprol < Edetate Calcium Disodium < Edetate Disodium < Penicillamine < Succimer < <

17 | Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes

< <

14.3.Antiflatulents <

Simethicone

14.4.Cathartics and Laxatives Anthraquinone Laxatives Bisacodyl Bulk-Forming Laxatives < Castor Oil < Cathartics and Laxatives General Statement < Hyperosmotic Laxatives < Mineral Oil < Saline Laxatives < Stool Softeners < < <

16 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

17.1.Adrenals 17.2.Androgens < 17.3.Contraceptives < 17.4.Estrogens and Estrogen Agonists-Antagonists < 17.5.Gonadotropins < 17.6.Antidiabetic Agents < 17.7.Antihypoglycemic Agents < 17.8.Parathyroid < 17.9.Pituitary < 17.10.Somatotropin Agonists and Antagonists < 17.11.Progestins < 17.12.Thyroid and Antithyroid Agents < <

17.1.Adrenals < <

Beclomethasone Dipropionate Betamethasone, Betamethasone Acetate, Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate

Classification of drugs Budesonide < Corticosteroids General Statement < Cortisone Acetate < Dexamethasone, Dexamethasone Acetate, Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate < Fludrocortisone Acetate < Flunisolide < Fluticasone Propionate < Hydrocortisone, Hydrocortisone Acetate, Hydrocortisone Cypionate, Hydrocortisone Sodium Phosphate, Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate < Methylprednisolone, Methylprednisolone Acetate, Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate < Mometasone Furoate < Prednisolone, Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate < Prednisone < Triamcinolone, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Triamcinolone Diacetate, Triamcinolone Hexacetonide <

17.9.Pituitary < < <

17.10.Somatotropin Agonists and Antagonists < <

Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Megestrol Acetate < Norethindrone Acetate < Progesterone < Progestins General Statement < < <

17.12.Thyroid and Antithyroid Agents <

17.3.Contraceptives

17.12.1.Thyroid Agents 17.12.2.Antithyroid Agents

17.12.1.Thyroid Agents

Estrogen-Progestin Combinations < Progestins <

Levothyroxine Sodium Liothyronine Sodium < Liotrix < Thyroid <

17.4.Estrogens and Estrogen Agonists-Antagonists

17.4.1.Estrogens 17.4.2.Estrogen Agonists-Antagonists

17.4.1.Estrogens

17.12.2.Antithyroid Agents

Estradiol Estrogens General Statement < Estrogens, Conjugated, USP < Estrogens, Esterified, Estropipate <

17.4.2.Estrogen Agonists-Antagonists Clomiphene Citrate Raloxifene Hydrochloride Tamoxifen Citrate < Toremifene Citrate <

Articaine Hydrochloride Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride < Lidocaine Hydrochloride (Local Anesthetic) < Local Anesthetics, Parenteral, General Statement < Mepivacaine Hydrochloride < Prilocaine Hydrochloride < Procaine Hydrochloride < Tetracaine Hydrochloride <

Choriogonadotropin Alfa Gonadotropin, Chorionic < Goserelin Acetate < Lutropin Alfa < Nafarelin Acetate < <

Methimazole Potassium Iodide, Strong Iodine Solution Propylthiouracil

18 | Local Anesthetics

17.5.Gonadotropins

Pegvisomant

17.11.Progestins

Mecasermin

17.10.2.Somatotropin Antagonists

17.10.1.Somatotropin Agonists 17.10.2.Somatotropin Antagonists

17.10.1.Somatotropin Agonists

17.2.Androgens Danazol Fluoxymesterone < Methyltestosterone < Testolactone < Testosterone, Testosterone Cypionate, Testosterone Enanthate, Testosterone Propionate

Corticotropin (Anti-inflammatory) Desmopressin Acetate Vasopressin

17.6.Antidiabetic Agents 17.6.1.a-Glucosidase Inhibitors 17.6.2.Amylinomimetics 17.6.3.Biguanides < 17.6.4.Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) Inhibitors < 17.6.5.Incretin Mimetics < 17.6.6.Insulins < 17.6.7.Meglitinides < 17.6.8.Sulfonylureas < 17.6.9.Thiazolidinediones 17.6.1. a-Glucosidase Inhibitors < Acarbose < < <

17.6.2.Amylinomimetics <

Pramlintide Acetate

17.6.3.Biguanides <

Metformin Hydrochloride

17.6.4.Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) Inhibitors <

Sitagliptin Phosphate

17.6.5.Incretin Mimetics <

Exenatide

17.6.6.Insulins Insulin Aspart Insulin Detemir < Insulin Glargine < Insulin Glulisine < Insulin Human < Insulin Lispro < Insulin Zinc < <

17.6.7.Meglitinides < <

Nateglinide Repaglinide

17.6.8.Sulfonylureas Chlorpropamide Glimepiride < Glipizide < Glyburide < Tolazamide < Tolbutamide

20.1.Serums 20.2.Toxoids < 20.3.Vaccines < <

20.1.Serums Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent (Equine) Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Equine) Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (Equine) < Botulism Immune Globulin IV < Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) < Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin IV < Digoxin Immune Fab < Diphtheria Antitoxin (Equine) < Hepatitis B Immune Globulin < Immune Globulin < Rabies Immune Globulin < Rh (D) Immune Globulin o < Tetanus Immune Globulin < Vaccinia Immune Globulin IV < Varicella-Zoster Immune Globulin < < <

20.2.Toxoids Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed, Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed for Adult Use Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed, Tetanus Toxoid and Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed < Tetanus Toxoid, Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed <

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Rosiglitazone Maleate

17.7.Antihypoglycemic Agents 17.7.1.Glycogenolytic Agents 17.7.2.Antihypoglycemic Agents, Miscellaneous

17.7.1.Glycogenolytic Agents <

Glucagon

17.7.2.Antihypoglycemic Agents, Miscellaneous <

Diazoxide

17.8.Parathyroid <

20 | Serums, Toxoids, and Vaccines

Dinoprostone Ergonovine Maleate, Methylergonovine Maleate < Mifepristone < Oxytocin < Sodium Chloride 20% Injection < Urea 40â&#x20AC;&#x201C;50% Injection <

17.6.9.Thiazolidinediones

19 | Oxytocics

Calcitonin Teriparatide

20.3.Vaccines Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed BCG Vaccine < Haemophilus b Vaccines < Hepatitis A Virus Vaccine Inactivated < Hepatitis B Vaccine < Human Papillomavirus Vaccine < Influenza Virus Vaccine Inactivated < Influenza Virus Vaccine Live Intranasal < Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine < Measles Virus Vaccine Live < Meningococcal Vaccine < Mumps Virus Vaccine Live < Pneumococcal Vaccine < Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated < <

WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 17

Classification of drugs Poliovirus Vaccine Live Oral Rabies Vaccine Rotavirus Vaccine Live Oral < Rubella Virus Vaccine Live < Smallpox Vaccine < Typhoid Vaccine < Varicella Virus Vaccine Live < Yellow Fever Vaccine < Zoster Vaccine Live

Boric Acid (Topical) Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Topical) Hexachlorophene (Topical) < Iodine (Topical) < Iodoquinol (Topical) < Mafenide Acetate (Topical) < Selenium Sulfide (Topical) < Silver Sulfadiazine (Topical)

21.2.Anti-inflammatory Agents Alclometasone Dipropionate (Topical) Amcinonide (Topical) Betamethasone, Betamethasone Benzoate, Betamethasone Dipropionate, Betamethasone Valerate (Topical) < Clobetasol Propionate (Topical) < Clocortolone Pivalate (Topical) < Desonide (Topical) < Desoximetasone (Topical) < Diflorasone Diacetate (Topical) < Fluocinolone Acetonide, Fluocinonide (Topical) < Flurandrenolide (Topical) < Halcinonide (Topical) < Hydrocortisone, Hydrocortisone Acetate, Hydrocortisone Buteprate, Hydrocortisone Butyrate, Hydrocortisone Valerate (Topical) < Mometasone Furoate (Topical) < Prednicarbate (Topical) < Topical Corticosteroids General Statement (Topical) < Triamcinolone Acetonide (Topical) < < <

21 | Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents

21.1.Anti-infectives 21.2.Anti-inflammatory Agents < 21.3.Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics < 21.4.Cell Stimulants and Proliferants < 21.5.Detergents < 21.6.Emollients, Demulcents, and Protectants < 21.7.Keratolytic Agents < 21.8.Keratoplastic Agents < 21.9.Depigmenting and Pigmenting Agents < 21.10.Sunscreen Agents < 21.11.Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents, Miscellaneous < <

21.1.Anti-infectives 21.1.1.Antibacterials 21.1.2.Antivirals 21.1.3.Antifungals < 21.1.4.Scabicides and Pediculicides < 21.1.5.Local Anti-infectives, Miscellaneous < < <

21.3.Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics Benzocaine (Topical) Dibucaine (Topical) Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride < Doxepin Hydrochloride (Topical) < Ethyl Chloride (Topical) < Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride (Topical) < Pramoxine Hydrochloride (Topical) < <

21.1.1.Antibacterials Bacitracin, Bacitracin Zinc (Topical) Clindamycin Phosphate (Topical) Erythromycin (Topical) < Gentamicin Sulfate (Topical) < Metronidazole (Topical) < Mupirocin (Topical) < Neomycin Sulfate (Topical) < Polymyxin B Sulfate < Retapamulin (Topical) < Tetracyclines (Topical)

< < <

21.1.2.Antivirals Acyclovir (Topical) Docosanol (Topical) < Penciclovir (Topical) <

21.4.Cell Stimulants and Proliferants < <

< < <

< <

< < <

< <

Adapalene (Topical) Alefacept (Topical) Alitretinoin (Topical) < Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride (Topical) < Azelaic Acid (Topical) < Bexarotene (Topical) < Calcipotriene (Topical) < Collagenase (Topical) < Dextranomer (Topical) < Diclofenac Sodium (Topical) < Doxycycline (Topical) < Efalizumab (Topical) < Eflornithine (Topical) < Finasteride (Topical) < Fluorouracil (Topical) < Imiquimod (Topical) < Isotretinoin (Topical) < Minoxidil (Topical) < Pimecrolimus (Topical) < Podofilox (Topical) < Podophyllum Resin (Topical) < Tacrolimus (Topical) < Tazarotene (Topical) < < <

Butenafine Hydrochloride (Topical)

21.1.3.4.Echinocandins 21.1.3.5.Hydroxypyridones Ciclopirox Olamine (Topical)

21.1.3.6.Polyenes Nystatin (Topical)

21.1.3.7.Pyrimidines 21.1.3.8.Thiocarbamates <

Tolnaftate (Topical)

21.1.3.9.Antifungals, Miscellaneous Carbol-Fuchsin Topical Solution (Topical) Clioquinol (Topical) Gentian Violet (Topical) < Sodium Thiosulfate (Topical) < Undecylenic Acid and Undecylenate Salts (Topical) < < <

21.1.4.Scabicides and Pediculicides Benzyl Benzoate (Topical) Crotamiton (Topical) < Lindane (Topical) < Malathion (Topical) < Permethrin (Topical) < Pyrethrins with Piperonyl Butoxide (Topical) < <

21.1.5.Local Anti-infectives, Miscellaneous <

Benzalkonium Chloride (Topical)

18 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

Sunscreens (Topical)

21.11.Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents, Miscellaneous

21.1.3.3.Benzylamines

Dihydroxyacetone (Topical) Methoxsalen (Topical)

21.10.Sunscreen Agents

Hydroquinone (Topical) Mequinol and Tretinoin (Topical) Monobenzone (Topical)

21.9.2.Pigmenting Agents

Naftifine Hydrochloride (Topical) < Terbinafine Hydrochloride (Topical)

21.9.1.Depigmenting Agents 21.9.2.Pigmenting Agents

21.9.1.Depigmenting Agents

Butoconazole Nitrate (Topical) Clotrimazole (Topical) < Econazole Nitrate (Topical) < Ketoconazole (Topical) < Miconazole Nitrate (Topical) < Oxiconazole Nitrate (Topical) < Sertaconazole Nitrate (Topical) < Sulconazole Nitrate (Topical) < Terconazole (Topical) < Tioconazole (Topical)

Coal Tar Preparations (Topical)

21.9.Depigmenting and Pigmenting Agents

21.1.3.1.Allylamines

Salicylic Acid (Topical) Sulfur (Topical) Urea (Topical)

21.8.Keratoplastic Agents

21.1.3.2.Azoles

Vitamins A and D (Topical)

21.7.Keratolytic Agents

21.1.3.Antifungals 21.1.3.1.Allylamines 21.1.3.2.Azoles < 21.1.3.3.Benzylamines < 21.1.3.4.Echinocandins < 21.1.3.5. Hydroxypyridones < 21.1.3.6.Polyenes < 21.1.3.7.Pyrimidines < 21.1.3.8.Thiocarbamates < 21.1.3.9.Antifungals, Miscellaneous

Green Soap (Topical)

21.6.Emollients, Demulcents, and Protectants

Palifermin (Topical) Tretinoin (Topical)

21.5.Detergents

22 | Smooth Muscle Relaxants < <

22.1.Genitourinary Smooth Muscle Relaxants 22.2.Respiratory Smooth Muscle Relaxants

22.1.Genitourinary Smooth Muscle Relaxants Darifenacin Hydrobromide Flavoxate Hydrochloride Oxybutynin Chloride < Solifenacin Succinate < < <

Classification of drugs Tolterodine Tartrate < Trospium Chloride <

22.2.Respiratory Smooth Muscle Relaxants < <

Sildenafil Citrate Theophyllines

23 | Vitamins 23.1.Vitamin A 23.2.Vitamin B Complex 23.3.Vitamin C < 23.4.Vitamin D < 23.5.Vitamin E < 23.6.Vitamin K Activity < 23.7.Multivitamin Preparations < < <

23.1.Vitamin A < <

Beta Carotene Vitamin A

23.2.Vitamin B Complex Folic Acid Niacin, Niacinamide Pantothenic Acid, Calcium Pantothenate, Dexpanthenol < Pyridoxine Hydrochloride < Riboflavin < Thiamine Hydrochloride < Vitamin B 12 < < <

23.3.Vitamin C <

Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate

23.4.Vitamin D Calcitriol Dihydrotachysterol < Doxercalciferol < Ergocalciferol < Paricalcitol < <

23.5.Vitamin E <

Vitamin E

23.6.Vitamin K Activity <

Phytonadione

23.7.Multivitamin Preparations <

Multivitamins

24 | Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents Abatacept Acetylcysteine Adalimumab < Adenosine Phosphate < Alendronate Sodium < Alfuzosin Hydrochloride < Allopurinol < Amifostine < < <

Anakinra < Antithymocyte Globulin (Equine) < Antithymocyte Globulin (Rabbit) < Azathioprine, Azathioprine Sodium < Basiliximab < Betaine < Botulinum Toxin < Cetrorelix Acetate < Cinacalcet < Colchicine < Cyclosporine < Daclizumab < Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride < Disulfiram < Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated) < Dutasteride < Eculizumab < Etanercept < Etidronate Disodium < Finasteride < Fluorides < Fomepizole < Gallium Nitrate < Ganirelix Acetate < Glatiramer Acetate < Ibandronate Sodium < Infliximab < Interferon Beta < Interferon Gamma < Leflunomide < Lenalidomide < Leucovorin Calcium < Mesna < Methylene Blue < Miglustat < Mycophenolate < Naltrexone < Natalizumab < Nitisinone < Octreotide Acetate < Pamidronate Disodium < Pralidoxime Chloride < Risedronate Sodium < Sirolimus < Tacrolimus < Tamsulosin Hydrochloride < Thalidomide < Zoledronic Acid <

(Adapted from American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information. http://www.justscience.de/ en/drugbase/ahfs.html)

WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 19

drug index

A Abacavir Abacavir and Lamivudine Abacavir, Lamivudine, and Zidovudine Abarelix Abatacept Abciximab Acamprosate Acarbose Acebutolol Acenocoumarol Acetaminophen Acetaminophen, Aspirin, and Caffeine Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Dihydrocodeine Acetaminophen and Codeine Acetaminophen and Tramadol Acetaminophen and Butalbital Acetaminophen, Butalbital and Caffeine Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine and Butalbital Acetaminophen and Chlorpheniramine Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, and Pseudoephedrine Acetaminophen, Codeine, and Doxylamine Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, and Phenylephrine Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, and Pseudoephedrine Acetaminophen and Diphenhydramine Acetaminophen and Hydrocodone Acetaminophen, Isometheptene, and Dichloralphenazone Acetaminophen and Oxycodone Acetaminophen and Pentazocine Acetaminophen and Phenylephrine Acetaminophen and Phenyltoloxamine Acetaminophen and Propoxyphene Acetaminophen and Pseudoephedrine Acetazolamide Acetohydroxamic Acid Acetylcholine Acetylcysteine Acitretin Updated Acrivastine and Pseudoephedrine Acyclovir Updated Adalimumab Adefovir Adenosine Agalsidase Alfa Agalsidase Beta Albendazole Albumin Albuterol Alcohol (Ethyl) Aldesleukin Alefacept Alemtuzumab Alendronate Alendronate and Cholecalciferol Alfentanil Alfuzosin Alglucerase Alglucosidase Alfa Aliskiren Aliskiren and Hydrochlorothiazide Allopurinol Almotriptan Alosetron Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor Alprazolam Alprostadil Alteplase Altretamine Aluminum Hydroxide Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Carbonate Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Trisilicate Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide, and Simethicone Amantadine Ambenonium Ambrisentan Amifostine Amikacin Amiloride

Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide Aminocamptothecin Aminocaproic Acid Aminoglutethimide Aminophylline Aminosalicylic Acid Amiodarone Amitriptyline Amitriptyline and Chlordiazepoxide Amitriptyline and Perphenazine Amlodipine Amlodipine and Atorvastatin Amlodipine and Benazepril Amlodipine and Olmesartan Amlodipine and Valsartan Ammonium Chloride Amobarbital Amonafide Amoxapine Amoxicillin Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium Amphotericin B (Conventional) Amphotericin B (Lipid Complex) Amphotericin B (Liposomal) Amphotericin B Cholesteryl Sulfate Complex Ampicillin Ampicillin and Sulbactam Amprenavir Amyl Nitrite Anagrelide Anakinra Anastrozole Anidulafungin Anti-inhibitor Coagulant Complex Antihemophilic Factor (Human) Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) Antihemophilic Factor/von Willebrand Factor Complex (Human) Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex Antithrombin III Antithymocyte Globulin (Equine) Antithymocyte Globulin (Rabbit) Apomorphine Apraclonidine Aprepitant Aprotinin Arformoterol Argatroban Arginine Aripiprazole Armodafinil Arsenic Trioxide Ascorbic Acid Asparaginase Aspirin Aspirin and Dipyridamole Aspirin and Pravastatin Atazanavir Atenolol Atenolol and Chlorthalidone Atomoxetine Atorvastatin Atovaquone Atovaquone and Proguanil Atracurium Atropine Updated Atropine and Pralidoxime Attapulgite Auranofin Azacitidine Azathioprine Azelastine Aztreonam

B Bacitracin Bacitracin and Polymyxin B Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B Bacitracin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, and Hydrocortisone Bacitracin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, and Pramoxine

Baclofen Balanced Salt Solution Balsalazide Basiliximab BCG Vaccine Becaplermin Beclomethasone Belladonna Belladonna and Opium Belladonna, Phenobarbital, and Ergotamine Benazepril Benazepril and Hydrochlorothiazide Bendamustine Benzocaine Benzocaine, Butamben, and Tetracaine Benzonatate Benzoyl Peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide and Hydrocortisone Benzphetamine Benztropine Benzydamine Benzylpenicilloyl-polylysine Beractant Beta-Carotene Betahistine Betaine Betamethasone Betamethasone and Clotrimazole Betaxolol Bethanechol Bevacizumab Bevacizumab-Capecitabine Bevacizumab-Fluorouracil-Leucovorin Bevacizumab-Interferon Alfa-2a Bevacizumab-Irinotecan (Glioblastoma) Bevacizumab-Irinotecan-Fluorouracil-Leucovorin Bevacizumab-Oxaliplatin-Fluorouracil-Leucovorin Bexarotene Bezafibrate Bicalutamide Bicalutamide + LHRH Bimatoprost Biperiden Bisacodyl Bismuth Bismuth, Metronidazole, and Tetracycline Bisoprolol Bisoprolol and Hydrochlorothiazide Bivalirudin Bleomycin Bortezomib Bortezomib-Doxorubicin (Liposomal) Bortezomib-Melphalan-Prednisone Bortezomib-Melphalan-Prednisone-Thalidomide Bosentan Botulinum Toxin Type A Botulinum Toxin Type B Botulism Immune Globulin (Intravenous-Human) Brimonidine Brimonidine and Timolol Brinzolamide Bromazepam Bromfenac Bromocriptine Brompheniramine Brompheniramine and Pseudoephedrine Brompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine, and Dextromethorphan Budesonide Budesonide and Formoterol Bumetanide Bupivacaine Bupivacaine and Epinephrine Buprenorphine Buprenorphine and Naloxone Bupropion Buserelin Buspirone Busulfan Butabarbital Butalbital and Acetaminophen WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 21

Drug index Butalbital, Acetaminophen, and Caffeine Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Butalbital, Aspirin, and Caffeine Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Butenafine Butoconazole Butorphanol

C Cabergoline Caffeine Calcipotriene Calcipotriene and Betamethasone Calcitonin Calcium Acetate Calcium Carbonate Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide Calcium Carbonate and Simethicone Calcium Chloride Calcium Citrate Calcium Glubionate Calcium Gluconate Calcium Lactate Calcium Phosphate (Tribasic) Calfactant Camphor and Phenol Candesartan Candesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Cantharidin Capecitabine Capecitabine + Docetaxel Capecitabine + Lapatinib Capecitabine-Trastuzumab Capreomycin Capsaicin Captopril Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Carbachol Carbamazepine Carbamide Peroxide Carbenicillin Carbetapentane and Chlorpheniramine Carbetapentane and Phenylephrine Carbetapentane and Pseudoephedrine Carbetapentane, Guaifenesin, and Phenylephrine Carbetapentane, Phenylephrine, and Chlorpheniramine Carbetapentane, Phenylephrine, and Pyrilamine Carbidopa Carbinoxamine Carbinoxamine and Pseudoephedrine Carboplatin Carboplatin-Cetuximab Carboprost Tromethamine Carboxymethylcellulose Carisoprodol Carisoprodol and Aspirin Carisoprodol, Aspirin, and Codeine Carmustine Carteolol Carvedilol Caspofungin Cefaclor Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cefdinir Cefditoren Cefepime Cefixime Cefotaxime Cefotetan Cefoxitin Cefpodoxime Cefprozil Ceftazidime Ceftibuten Ceftizoxime Ceftriaxone Cefuroxime Celecoxib Cephalexin Cephradine Cetirizine Cetirizine and Pseudoephedrine Cetuximab Cetuximab-Irinotecan Cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium and Benzocaine Cevimeline Chaparral Chamomile Charcoal, Activated Chaste Tree 22 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

Chloral Hydrate Chlorambucil Chloramphenicol Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide and Methscopolamine Chlorhexidine Gluconate Chloroquine Chlorothiazide Chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine and Acetaminophen Chlorpheniramine and Phenylephrine Chlorpheniramine and Pseudoephedrine Chlorpheniramine, Ephedrine, Phenylephrine, and Carbetapentane Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, and Dextromethorphan Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, and Guaifenesin Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, and Methscopolamine Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, and Phenyltoloxamine Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Codeine, and Potassium Iodide Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine, and Codeine Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine, and Dextromethorphan Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine, and Methscopolamine Chlorpromazine Chlorpropamide Chlorthalidone Chlorzoxazone Cholecalciferol Cholestyramine Resin Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human) Chorionic Gonadotropin (Recombinant) Ciclesonide Ciclopirox Cidofovir Cilazapril Cilazapril and Hydrochlorothiazide Cilostazol Cimetidine Cinacalcet Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin and Dexamethasone Ciprofloxacin and Hydrocortisone Cisapride Cisatracurium Cisplatin Cisplatin-Cetuximab Cisplatin-Docetaxel Cisplatin-Fluorouracil Cisplatin-Paclitaxel (Intraperitoneal Regimen) Cisplatin-Pemetrexed Cisplatin-Vinorelbine Citalopram Citric Acid, Magnesium Carbonate, and Glucono-Delta-Lactone Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, and Potassium Citrate Cladribine Clarithromycin Clemastine Clidinium and Chlordiazepoxide Clindamycin Clindamycin and Benzoyl Peroxide Clindamycin and Tretinoin Clioquinol and Flumethasone Clobazam Clobetasol Clocortolone Clodronate Clofarabine Clomiphene Clomipramine Clonazepam Clonidine Clonidine and Chlorthalidone Clopidogrel Clorazepate Clotrimazole Cloxacillin Clozapine Coal Tar Coal Tar and Salicylic Acid Cocaine Codeine Colchicine Colchicine and Probenecid Colesevelam Colestipol Colistimethate Collagen (Absorbable/Dental) Collagen Hemostat Collagenase Conivaptan Corticorelin Corticotropin Cortisone Cosyntropin

Cromolyn Crotamiton Cyanocobalamin Cyclizine Cyclobenzaprine Cyclopentolate Cyclopentolate and Phenylephrine Cyclophosphamide Cyclophosphamide + Doxorubicin Cyclophosphamide + Estramustine Cyclophosphamide + Etoposide Cyclophosphamide + Vincristine + Dexamethasone Cycloserine Cyclosporine Cyproheptadine Cyproterone Cyproterone and Ethinyl Estradiol Cysteamine Cysteine Cytarabine Cytarabine (Liposomal) Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin (Intravenous-Human)

D Dabigatran Etexilate Dacarbazine Dacarbazine-Carboplatin-Aldesleukin-Interferon Daclizumab Dactinomycin Dalteparin Danaparoid Danazol Dantrolene Dapsone Daptomycin Darbepoetin Alfa Darifenacin Darunavir Dasatinib Daunorubicin Citrate (Liposomal) Daunorubicin Hydrochloride Decitabine Deferasirox Deferoxamine Delavirdine Demeclocycline Denileukin Diftitox Desflurane Desipramine Desloratadine Desloratadine and Pseudoephedrine Desmopressin Desonide Desoximetasone Dexamethasone Dexchlorpheniramine Dexchlorpheniramine and Pseudoephedrine Dexmedetomidine Dexmethylphenidate Dexpanthenol Dexrazoxane Dextran Dextromethorphan Dextrose Diazepam Diazoxide Dibucaine Dichlorphenamide Diclofenac Diclofenac and Misoprostol Dicloxacillin Dicyclomine Didanosine Diethylpropion Difenoxin and Atropine Diflorasone Diflunisal Digoxin Dihydrocodeine, Aspirin, and Caffeine Dihydrocodeine, Chlorpheniramine, and Phenylephrine Dihydrocodeine, Pseudoephedrine, and Guaifenesin Dihydroergotamine Dihydrotachysterol Diltiazem Dimenhydrinate Dimercaprol Dimethyl Sulfoxide Dinoprostone Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine and Pseudoephedrine Diphenoxylate and Atropine Dipivefrin

Drug index Dipyridamole Disopyramide Disulfiram Dobutamine Docetaxel Docetaxel-Trastuzumab Docetaxel-Cisplatin Docetaxel-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Gastric Cancer) Docetaxel-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (Head and Neck Cancer) Docetaxel-Cyclophosphamide (TC) Docetaxel-Prednisone Docetaxel-Thalidomide Docetaxel-Trastuzumab Docetaxel-Trastuzumab-Carboplatin Docosanol Dofetilide Dolasetron Domperidone Donepezil Dopamine Doripenem Dornase Alfa Dorzolamide Dorzolamide and Timolol Doxapram Doxazosin Doxepin Doxercalciferol Doxorubicin Doxorubicin (Liposomal)-Vincristine-Dexamethasone Doxorubicin + Ketoconazole Doxorubicin + Ketoconazole/Estramustine + Vinblastine Doxycycline Doxylamine Doxylamine and Pyridoxine Dronabinol Droperidol Drospirenone and Estradiol Drotrecogin Alfa Duloxetine Dutasteride Dyclonine Dyphylline Dyphylline and Guaifenesin

E Echothiophate Iodide Econazole Eculizumab Edetate Calcium Disodium Edetate Disodium Edrophonium Edrophonium and Atropine Efalizumab Efavirenz Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Eflornithine Eletriptan Emtricitabine Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Enalapril Enalapril and Felodipine Enalapril and Hydrochlorothiazide Enfuvirtide Enoxaparin Entacapone Entecavir Ephedrine Epinastine Epinephrine Epinephrine and Chlorpheniramine Epirubicin Epirubicin-Oxaliplatin-Capecitabine Eplerenone Epoetin Alfa Epoprostenol Eprosartan Eprosartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Eptifibatide Ergocalciferol Ergoloid Mesylates Ergonovine Ergotamine Ergotamine and Caffeine Erlotinib Ertapenem Erythromycin Erythromycin and Benzoyl Peroxide Erythromycin and Sulfisoxazole Escitalopram Esmolol Esomeprazole

Estazolam Estradiol Estradiol and Levonorgestrel Estradiol and Norethindrone Estradiol and Norgestimate Estramustine Estrogens (Conjugated) Eszopiclone Etanercept Ethacrynic Acid Ethambutol Ethionamide Ethosuximide Ethotoin Ethyl Chloride Etidronate Disodium Etodolac Etomidate Etonogestrel Etoposide Etoposide Phosphate Etravirine Exemestane Exenatide Ezetimibe Ezetimibe and Simvastatin

F Factor IX Complex (Human) Factor VIIa (Recombinant) Famciclovir Famotidine Famotidine, Calcium Carbonate, and Magnesium Hydroxide Felbamate Felodipine Fenofibrate Fenoldopam Fenoprofen Fentanyl Ferric Gluconate Ferrous Fumarate Ferrous Gluconate Ferrous Sulfate Ferrous Sulfate and Ascorbic Acid Fexofenadine Fexofenadine and Pseudoephedrine Filgrastim Finasteride Flavocoxid Flavoxate Flecainide Floxuridine Fluconazole Flucytosine Fludarabine Fludrocortisone Flumazenil Flunisolide Fluocinolone Fluocinolone, Hydroquinone, and Tretinoin Fluorometholone Fluorouracil Fluorouracil + Carboplatin Fluorouracil-Leucovorin Fluorouracil-Leucovorin-Irinotecan Fluoxetine Fluoxymesterone Flupenthixol Fluphenazine Flurazepam Flurbiprofen Flutamide Fluticasone Fluticasone and Salmeterol Fluvastatin Fluvoxamine Folic Acid Folic Acid, Cyanocobalamin, and Pyridoxine Follitropin Alfa Fomepizole Formoterol Fosamprenavir Foscarnet Fosfomycin Fosinopril Fosinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Fosphenytoin Frovatriptan Furosemide

Gabapentin Gadobenate Dimeglumine Galantamine Gallium Nitrate Galsulfase Ganciclovir Ganirelix Gatifloxacin Gefitinib Gemcitabine Gemfibrozil Gemifloxacin Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Gentamicin Glatiramer Acetate Gliclazide Glimepiride Glipizide Glipizide and Metformin Glucagon Glyburide Glyburide and Metformin Glycopyrrolate Gold Sodium Thiomalate Gonadorelin Goserelin Granisetron Griseofulvin Guaifenesin Guaifenesin and Codeine Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Guaifenesin and Phenylephrine Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Guaifenesin, Dextromethorphan, and Phenylephrine Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine, and Codeine Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine, and Dextromethorphan Guanabenz Guanfacine

H Haemophilus b Conjugate and Hepatitis B Vaccine Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine Halcinonide Halobetasol Haloperidol Halothane Hemin Heparin Hepatitis A Inactivated and Hepatitis B (Recombinant) Vaccine Hepatitis A Vaccine Hepatitis B Immune Globulin Hepatitis B Vaccine Hetastarch Hexachlorophene Hexylresorcinol Histrelin Homatropine Hyaluronate and Derivatives Hyaluronidase Hydralazine Hydralazine and Hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide and Reserpine Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone Hydrochlorothiazide and Triamterene Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine Hydrocodone and Guaifenesin Hydrocodone and Homatropine Hydrocodone and Ibuprofen Hydrocodone and Pseudoephedrine Hydrocodone, Carbinoxamine, and Pseudoephedrine Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine, and Diphenhydramine Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine, and Guaifenesin Hydrocodone, Pseudoephedrine, and Guaifenesin Hydrocortisone Hydroflumethiazide and Reserpine Hydromorphone Hydroquinone Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxyamphetamine and Tropicamide Hydroxychloroquine Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Hydroxyurea Hydroxyzine Hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine, Atropine, Scopolamine, and Phenobarbital

I Ibandronate WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 23

Drug index Ibritumomab Ibuprofen Ibuprofen, Pseudoephedrine, and Chlorpheniramine Ibutilide Icodextrin Idarubicin Idarubicin, Cytarabine, Etoposide Idarubicin, Cytarabine, Etoposide Idursulfase Ifosfamide Iloprost Imatinib Imiglucerase Imipenem and Cilastatin Imipramine Imiquimod Immune Globulin (Intramuscular) Immune Globulin (Intravenous) Immune Globulin (Subcutaneous) Inamrinone Indapamide Indinavir Indocyanine Green Indomethacin Infliximab Influenza Virus Vaccine Influenza Virus Vaccine (H5N1) Insulin Aspart Insulin Aspart Protamine and Insulin Aspart Insulin Detemir Insulin Glargine Insulin Glulisine Insulin Inhalation Insulin Lispro Insulin Lispro Protamine and Insulin Lispro Insulin NPH Insulin NPH and Insulin Regular Insulin Regular Interferon Alfa-2a Interferon Alfa-2b Interferon Alfa-2b and Ribavirin Interferon Alfa-n3 Interferon Alfacon-1 Interferon Beta-1a Interferon Beta-1b Interferon Gamma-1b Iodipamide Meglumine Iodixanol Iodoquinol Iodoquinol and Hydrocortisone Iohexol Iopamidol Iothalamate Meglumine Iothalamate Sodium Ioversol Ioxaglate Meglumine and Ioxaglate Sodium Ioxilan Ipecac Syrup Ipratropium Ipratropium and Albuterol Irbesartan Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Irinotecan Irinotecan-Cisplatin Iron Dextran Complex Iron Sucrose Isocarboxazid Isoflurane Isoniazid Isoproterenol Isosorbide Dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Isosorbide Mononitrate Isotretinoin Isoxsuprine Isradipine Itraconazole Ivermectin Ixabepilone Ixabepilone-Capecitabine

J Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine (Inactivated)

K Kanamycin Ketamine Ketoconazole Ketoprofen Ketorolac Ketotifen 24 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

L L-Lysine Labetalol Lactase Lactic Acid Lactic Acid and Ammonium Hydroxide Lactobacillus Lactulose Lamivudine Lamotrigine Lanreotide Lansoprazole Lansoprazole and Naproxen Lansoprazole, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin Lanthanum Lapatinib Laronidase Latanoprost Leflunomide Lenalidomide Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone Lepirudin Letrozole Leucovorin Calcium Leuprolide Levalbuterol Levetiracetam Levobunolol Levobupivacaine Levocabastine Levocarnitine Levocetirizine Levodopa and Carbidopa Levodopa, Carbidopa, and Entacapone Levofloxacin Levonorgestrel Levorphanol Levothyroxine Lidocaine Lidocaine and Bupivacaine Lidocaine and Epinephrine Lidocaine and Hydrocortisone Lidocaine and Prilocaine Lidocaine and Tetracaine Lidocaine Transoral Lincomycin Lindane Linezolid Liothyronine Liotrix Lisdexamfetamine Lisinopril Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Lithium Lodoxamide Lomustine Loperamide Loperamide and Simethicone Lopinavir and Ritonavir Loracarbef Loratadine Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Lorazepam Losartan Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Loteprednol U Loteprednol and Tobramycin Lovastatin Loxapine Lubiprostone Lumiracoxib Lutropin Alfa

M Mafenide Magaldrate and Simethicone Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Citrate Magnesium Glucoheptonate Magnesium Gluconate Magnesium Hydroxide Magnesium Hydroxide and Mineral Oil Magnesium L-aspartate Hydrochloride Magnesium L-lactate Magnesium Oxide Magnesium Salicylate Magnesium Sulfate Malathion Maltodextrin Manganese Mannitol

Maprotiline Maraviroc Measles Virus Vaccine (Live) Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccines (Combined) Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella Virus Vaccine Mebendazole Mecamylamine Mecasermin Mechlorethamine Meclizine Meclofenamate Medium Chain Triglycerides Medroxyprogesterone Medrysone Mefenamic Acid Mefloquine Megestrol Meloxicam Melphalan Melphalan-Prednisone-Thalidomide Memantine Meningococcal Group C-CRM197 Conjugate Vaccine Meningococcal Polysaccharide (Groups A / C / Y and W-135) Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (Groups A / C / Y and W-135) Menotropins Mepenzolate Meperidine Meperidine and Promethazine Mephobarbital Mepivacaine Mepivacaine (Dental) Mepivacaine and Levonordefrin Meprobamate Meprobamate and Aspirin Mequinol and Tretinoin Mercaptopurine Meropenem Mesalamine Mesna Mestranol and Norethindrone Metaproterenol Metaxalone Metformin Methacholine Methadone Methamphetamine Methazolamide Methenamine Methenamine and Sodium Acid Phosphate Methenamine, Sodium Biphosphate, Phenyl Salicylate, Methylene Blue, and Hyoscyamine Methimazole Methocarbamol Methohexital Methotrexate Methotrimeprazine Methoxsalen Methscopolamine Methsuximide Methyclothiazide Methylcellulose Methyldopa Methyldopa and Hydrochlorothiazide Methylene Blue Methylergonovine Methylphenidate Methylprednisolone Methyltestosterone Metipranolol Metoclopramide Metolazone Metoprolol Metoprolol and Hydrochlorothiazide Metronidazole Metronidazole and Nystatin Metyrapone Metyrosine Mexiletine Micafungin Miconazole Miconazole and Zinc Oxide Midazolam Midodrine Mifepristone Miglitol Miglustat Milrinone Minocycline Minocycline Hydrochloride Periodontal Microspheres Minoxidil Mirtazapine Misoprostol

Drug index Mitomycin Mitomycin-Vinblastine Mitotane Mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone + Hydrocortisone Moclobemide Modafinil Moexipril Moexipril and Hydrochlorothiazide Molindone Mometasone Monobenzone Montelukast Moricizine Morphine Sulfate Morrhuate Sodium Mouthwash Moxifloxacin Mumps Virus Vaccine (Live/Attenuated) Mupirocin Muromonab-CD3 Mycophenolate

N Nabilone Nabumetone Nadolol Nadolol and Bendroflumethiazide Nafarelin Nafcillin Naftifine Nalbuphine Nalidixic Acid Nalmefene Naloxone Naltrexone Nandrolone Naphazoline Naphazoline and Pheniramine Naproxen Naproxen and Pseudoephedrine Naratriptan Natalizumab Natamycin Nateglinide Nedocromil Nefazodone Nelarabine Nelfinavir Neomycin Neomycin and Polymyxin B Neomycin, Colistin, Hydrocortisone, and Thonzonium Neomycin, Polymyxin B, and Dexamethasone Neomycin, Polymyxin B, and Gramicidin Neomycin, Polymyxin B, and Hydrocortisone Neomycin, Polymyxin B, and Prednisolone Neostigmine Nepafenac Nesiritide Nevirapine Niacin Niacin and Lovastatin Niacin and Simvastatin Niacinamide Nicardipine Nicotine NIfedipine Nilotinib Nilutamide Nimodipine Nisoldipine Nitazoxanide Nitisinone Nitrazepam Nitric Oxide Nitrofurantoin Nitroglycerin Nitroprusside Nitrous Oxide Nizatidine Nonoxynol 9 Norepinephrine Norethindrone Norfloxacin Nortriptyline Nylidrin Nystatin Nystatin and Triamcinolone

O Octreotide

Ofloxacin Olanzapine Olanzapine and Fluoxetine Olmesartan Olmesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Olopatadine Olsalazine Omalizumab Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters Omeprazole Omeprazole and Sodium Bicarbonate Ondansetron Opium Tincture Oprelvekin Orlistat Orphenadrine Orphenadrine, Aspirin, and Caffeine Oseltamivir Oxacillin Oxaliplatin Oxandrolone Oxaprozin Oxazepam Oxcarbazepine Oxiconazole Oxprenolol Oxybutynin Oxycodone Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Oxycodone and Aspirin Oxycodone and Ibuprofen Oxygen Oxymetazoline Oxymetholone Oxymorphone Oxytocin

P Paclitaxel Paclitaxel + Estramustine + Carboplatin Paclitaxel + Estramustine + Etoposide Paclitaxel-Bevacizumab Paclitaxel-Carboplatin (Bladder Cancer) Paclitaxel-Carboplatin-Bevacizumab Paclitaxel-Carboplatin-Etoposide Paclitaxel-Carboplatin-Gemcitabine Paclitaxel-Gemcitabine Paclitaxel-Ifosfamide-Cisplatin Paclitaxel-Vinorelbine Palifermin Paliperidone Palivizumab Palonosetron Pamidronate Pancreatin Pancrelipase Pancuronium Panitumumab Pantoprazole Pantothenic Acid Papaverine Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine Paregoric Paricalcitol Paromomycin Paroxetine Pegademase Bovine Pegaptanib Pegaspargase Pegfilgrastim Peginterferon Alfa-2a Peginterferon Alfa-2b Peginterferon Alfa-2b and Ribavirin Pegvisomant Pemetrexed Pemetrexed (Bladder Cancer Regimen) Pemirolast Penbutolol Penciclovir Penicillamine Penicillin G (Parenteral/Aqueous) Penicillin G Benzathine Penicillin G Benzathine and Penicillin G Procaine Penicillin G Procaine Penicillin V Potassium Pentamidine Pentastarch Pentazocine Pentazocine and Acetaminophen Pentobarbital Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium Pentostatin

Pentostatin-Cyclophosphamide Pentoxifylline Perflutren Lipid Microspheres Perflutren Protein Type A Pergolide Pericyazine Perindopril Erbumine Perindopril Erbumine and Indapamide Permethrin Perphenazine Phenazopyridine Phencyclidine Phendimetrazine Phenelzine Phenindamine Phenobarbital Phenol Phenoxybenzamine Phentermine Phentolamine Phenylephrine Phenylephrine and Pyrilamine Phenylephrine and Scopolamine Phenylephrine and Zinc Sulfate Phenylephrine, Hydrocodone, and Chlorpheniramine Phenylephrine, Pyrilamine, and Dextromethorphan Phenytoin Physostigmine Phytonadione Pilocarpine Pimecrolimus Pimozide Pinaverium Pindolol Pioglitazone Pioglitazone and Glimepiride Pioglitazone and Metformin Piperacillin Piperacillin and Tazobactam Sodium Piperazine Pipotiazine Pirbuterol Piroxicam Pivampicillin Pizotifen Plasma Protein Fraction Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (7-Valent) Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (Polyvalent) Podofilox Podophyllum Resin Poliovirus Vaccine (Inactivated) Poly-L-Lactic Acid Polycarbophil Polyethylene Glycol 3350 Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Solution Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Solution and Bisacodyl Polymyxin B Polysaccharide-Iron Complex Poractant Alfa Porfimer Posaconazole Potassium Acetate Potassium Acid Phosphate Potassium Bicarbonate Potassium Bicarbonate and Potassium Chloride Potassium Bicarbonate and Potassium Citrate Potassium Chloride Potassium Citrate Potassium Citrate and Citric Acid Potassium Gluconate Potassium Iodide Potassium Iodide and Iodine Potassium P-Aminobenzoate Potassium Perchlorate Potassium Phosphate Potassium Phosphate and Sodium Phosphate Povidone-Iodine Pralidoxime Pramipexole Pramlintide Pramoxine Pramoxine and Hydrocortisone Pravastatin Praziquantel Prazosin Prazosin and Polythiazide Prednicarbate Prednisolone Prednisolone and Gentamicin Prednisone Pregabalin Prilocaine Prilocaine and Epinephrine WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 25

Drug index Primaquine Primidone Probenecid Probucol Procainamide Procaine Procarbazine Prochlorperazine Procyclidine Progesterone Promethazine Promethazine and Codeine Promethazine and Dextromethorphan Promethazine and Phenylephrine Promethazine, Phenylephrine, and Codeine Propafenone Propantheline Proparacaine Proparacaine and Fluorescein Propofol Propoxyphene Propoxyphene and Acetaminophen Propoxyphene, Aspirin, and Caffeine Propranolol Propranolol and Hydrochlorothiazide Propylhexedrine Propylthiouracil Protamine Sulfate Protein C Concentrate (Human) Prothrombin Complex (Human) [(Factors II, VII, IX, X), Protein C, and Protein S] Protirelin Protriptyline Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine and Dextromethorphan Pseudoephedrine and Ibuprofen Pseudoephedrine and Methscopolamine Pseudoephedrine, Dihydrocodeine, and Chlorpheniramine Pseudoephedrine, Hydrocodone, and Chlorpheniramine Psyllium Pyrantel Pamoate Pyrazinamide Pyrethrins and Piperonyl Butoxide Pyridostigmine Pyridoxine Pyrimethamine Pyrithione Zinc

Q Quazepam Quetiapine Quinagolide Quinapril Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide Quinidine Quinine Quinupristin and Dalfopristin

R Rabeprazole Rabies Immune Globulin (Human) Rabies Virus Vaccine Raloxifene Raltegravir Raltitrexed Ramelteon Ramipril Ramipril and Felodipine Ramipril and Hydrochlorothiazide Ranibizumab Ranitidine Ranolazine Rasagiline Rasburicase Remifentanil Repaglinide Reserpine Retapamulin Reteplase Rho(D) Immune Globulin Ribavirin Riboflavin Rifabutin Rifampin Rifampin and Isoniazid Rifampin, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide Rifapentine Rifaximin Rilonacept Riluzole Rimantadine 26 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

Rimexolone Risedronate Risedronate and Calcium Risperidone Ritonavir Rituximab Rituximab-CHOP Rivastigmine Rizatriptan Rocuronium Ropinirole Ropivacaine Rosiglitazone Rosiglitazone and Glimepiride Rosiglitazone and Metformin Rosuvastatin Rotavirus Vaccine Rotigotine Rubella Virus Vaccine (Live)

S Saccharomyces boulardii Sacrosidase Salicylic Acid Saliva Substitute Salmeterol Salsalate Sapropterin Saquinavir Sargramostim Scopolamine Derivatives Secobarbital Secretin Selegiline Selenium Selenium Sulfide Senna Sermorelin Acetate Sertaconazole Sertraline Sevelamer Sevoflurane Sibutramine Sildenafil Silver Nitrate Silver Sulfadiazine Simethicone Simvastatin Sincalide Sinecatechins Sirolimus Sitagliptin Sitagliptin and Metformin Sitaxsentan Smallpox Vaccine Sodium Acetate Sodium Bicarbonate Sodium Chloride Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate and Sodium Hyaluronate Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid Sodium Hypochlorite Solution Sodium Iodide I131 Sodium Lactate Sodium Nitrite, Sodium Thiosulfate, and Amyl Nitrite Sodium Oxybate Sodium Phenylacetate and Sodium Benzoate Sodium Phenylbutyrate Sodium Phosphates Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Sodium Tetradecyl Sodium Thiosulfate Solifenacin Somatropin Sorafenib Sorbitol Sotalol Spectinomycin Spiramycin Spironolactone Stanford V Stavudine Streptomycin Streptozocin Strontium-89 Succimer Succinylcholine Sucralfate Sufentanil Sulconazole Sulfabenzamide, Sulfacetamide, and Sulfathiazole Sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide and Prednisolone

Sulfadiazine Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Sulfasalazine Sulfisoxazole Sulfonated Phenolics and Sulfuric Acid Sulfur and Sulfacetamide Sulindac Sumatriptan Sunitinib Suramin

T Tacrine Tacrolimus Tadalafil Tamoxifen Tamoxifen-Epirubicin Tamsulosin Tazarotene Tegaserod Telbivudine Telithromycin Telmisartan Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Temazepam Temozolomide Temsirolimus Tenecteplase Teniposide Tenofovir Terazosin Terbinafine Terbutaline Terconazole Teriparatide Testolactone Testosterone Tetanus Immune Globulin (Human) Tetanus Toxoid (Adsorbed) Tetanus Toxoid (Fluid) Tetrabenazine Tetracaine Tetracycline Tetracycline Periodontal Fibers Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Tetrahydrozoline Thalidomide Thalidomide-Dexamethasone Theophylline Theophylline and Guaifenesin Thiabendazole Thiamine Thioguanine Thiopental Thioridazine Thiotepa Thiothixene Thrombin (Topical) Thyroid, Desiccated Thyrotropin Alfa Tiagabine Tiaprofenic Acid Ticarcillin and Clavulanate Potassium Ticlopidine Tigecycline Tiludronate Timolol Tinidazole Tinzaparin Tioconazole Tiopronin Tiotropium Tipranavir Tirofiban Tizanidine Tobramycin Tobramycin and Dexamethasone Tocainide Tolazamide Tolazoline Tolbutamide Tolcapone Tolmetin Tolnaftate Tolterodine Topiramate Topotecan Topotecan-Cisplatin Toremifene Torsemide Tositumomab and Iodine I 131 Tositumomab

Drug index Total Parenteral Nutrition Trace Metals Tramadol Trandolapril Trandolapril and Verapamil Tranexamic Acid Tranylcypromine Trastuzumab Trastuzumab-Paclitaxel Trastuzumab-Paclitaxel-Carboplatin Travelersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Diarrhea and Cholera Vaccine Travoprost Travoprost and Timolol Trazodone Treprostinil Tretinoin Tretinoin-Idarubicin Triacetin Triamcinolone Triamcinolone Acetonide Paste Triamterene Triazolam Trichloroacetic Acid Trichophyton Skin Test Triclosan and Fluoride Trientine Triethanolamine Polypeptide Oleate-Condensate Trifluoperazine Trifluridine Trihexyphenidyl Trimebutine Trimethobenzamide Trimethoprim Trimethoprim and Polymyxin B Trimetrexate Trimipramine Triprolidine and Pseudoephedrine Triprolidine, Pseudoephedrine, and Codeine Triptorelin Trolamine Tromethamine Tropicamide Trospium

Trypan Blue Trypsin, Balsam Peru, and Castor Oil Tuberculin Tests Typhoid Vaccine

U Undecylenic Acid and Derivatives Unoprostone Urea Urea and Hydrocortisone Urofollitropin Urokinase Ursodiol

Vitamin A Vitamin A and Vitamin D Vitamin B Complex Combinations Vitamin E Voriconazole Vorinostat

W Warfarin Witch Hazle

X Xylometazoline

V Valacyclovir Valganciclovir Valproic Acid and Derivatives Valrubicin Valsartan Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Vancomycin Vardenafil Varenicline Varicella Virus Vaccine Varicella-Zoster Immune Globulin (Human) Vasopressin Vecuronium Venlafaxine Verapamil Verteporfin Vigabatrin Vinblastine Vincristine Vindesine Vinorelbine Vinorelbine-Cisplatin Vinorelbine-FEC Vinorelbine-Gemcitabine Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab-FEC

Y Yellow Fever Vaccine Yohimbine

Z Zafirlukast Zalcitabine Zaleplon Zanamivir Ziconotide Zidovudine Zidovudine and Lamivudine Zileuton Zinc Chloride Zinc Gelatin Zinc Oxide Zinc Sulfate Ziprasidone Zoledronic Acid Zolmitriptan Zolpidem Zonisamide Zopiclone Zoster Vaccine Zuclopenthixol

WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 27

drugs

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Brand Names Europe

Austria: Benuron, Mexalen, Momentum, Paracetamol, Parakapton, Tylenol; Belgium: Afebryl, Algostase Mono, Curpol, Dafalgan, Dolprone, Lemgrip, Lemgrip Menthol, Paracetamol, Perdolan, Perdolan Lemgrip, Panadol, Sanicopyrine, Troc, Witte Kruis Mono; Bulgaria: Panadol; Cyprus: Amol, Analgiser, Calpol, Dolomol, Panadol, Tylenol Forte; Czech Republic: Acifein, Ataralgin, Ben-u-ron, Benuron, Calpol, Daleron, Effect Comfort, Efferalgan, Febrisan, Fervex, Medipyrin, Mexalen, Mexavit, Panadol, Paralen, Paramax Rapid, Perfalgan, Saridon, Tomapyrin, Trigrip, Valetol; Denmark: Pamol, Panodil, Pinex; Estonia: Efferalgan 500, Panadol; Finland: Panadol, Paracetamol, ParaSuppo; France: Claradol, Dafalgan, Doliprane, Doliprane Sugar Free, Dolitabs, Dolko, Dolotec, Efferalgan, Efferalganodis, Expandol, Expandox, Geluprane, Geluprane 500, Panadol, Paracetamol, Sedarene, Tylenol; Germany: Benuron, Captin, Contac Erkaltungs Trunk, Dorocoff, Enelfa, Fensum, Grippostad, Mono Praecimed, Paedialgon, Paracetamol, Rubiemol, Togal, Paracetamol Bei Fieber und Schmerzen, Parapaed, Pcm, Sinpro, Thomapyrin C, Tylenol; Greece: Anadin, Apotel, Depon, Dolal, Lonarid Mono, Panadol, Paracetamol, Tempra, Tunelzin, Zenol; Hungary: Ben-u-ron, Efferalgan, Grippostad, Mexalen, Panadol, Paracetamol, Rubophen; Ireland: Calpol, Calpol Sugar Free, Calpol Sugar/Colour Free, Disprol, Hedex, Junior Paracetamol, Junior Parapaed Paracetamol, Kapake, Lemsip Cold And Flu Headcold, Medinol, Panadol, Paracetamol, Paracetamol Bp, Paracetamol Infant, Paracodol, Paralink Paracetamol, Paralief, Paramol, Parapaed Six Plus, Paratabs, Primedol Paracetamol, Rimadol Paracetamol, Paralink; Italy: Acetamol, Efferalgan, Levadol, Neouniplus, Normaflu, Paracetamolo, Puernol, Saridon, Tachipirina; Luxembourg: Afebryl, Algostase, Benuron, Croix Blanche, Curpol, Dafalgan, Dafalgan Odis, Dol-Stop, Dolprone, Efferalgan, Enelfa, Lemgrip, Lemgrip Lemon, Lemgrip Menthol, Lonarid Mono, Momentum, Neuridon, Nomal, Panadol, Paracetamol, Pe-Tam, Perdolan, Perdolan Mono, Supadol Mono, Tempra; Netherlands: Calpol, Kinderfinimal, Momentum, Panadol, Paracetamol, Paracetamol Therapeuticon, Roter Paracetamol, Sinaspril Paracetamol, Remedol; Poland: Acenol, Anadin, Anadin dla Dzieci, Antidol, APAP, Atoran, Benuron, Calpol, Codipar, Dafalgan, Doliprane, Efferalgan, Grippostad, Lekadol, Novo-Gesic, Novo-Gesic Forte, Panadol, Paracemol, Paracenol, Paracetamol, Paramol, Perfalgan, Plicet, Tabcin, Tazamol, Tylenol Forte; Portugal: Anadin Paracetamol, Atralidon, Ben-U-Ron, Dafalgan, Dentonibsa, Efferalgan, Gelocatil, Katagrip, Lisopan, Panadol, Panasorbe, Paracetamol, Paramolan, Parsel, Singrips, Supofen Tylenol, Vimergol, Zaramol; Slovakia: Mexalen, Panadol, Paralen; Slovenia: Tylenol Forte; Spain: Acertol, Actron, Antidol, Apiretal, Aspac, Auxidor, Bandol, Beechan Lemon, Bolidol, Calmagrip, Calmante Dental Brota, Coflumol, Cupanol, Dafalgan, Dolgesic, Dolostop, Drazin Child, Duorol, Efetamol, Efferalgan, Efferalgan Vitamina C, Enfristop, Febrectal, Febrectal Infantil, Filicol, Frenadol, Frenadol Complex, Frenadol Junior, Frenadol PS, Frenagial, Gelocatil, Hemicraneal, Ilvico, Lafetamol, Medinait, Melabon, Melabon Infantil, Meloka, Migraleve, Octomol, Panadol, Paracetamol, Parafludeten, Pediapirin Infantil, Peinlaf, Perfalgan, Pridio, Ratiogrip, Relaxibys, Resolvebohm, Rinomicine Activada, Rinomicine Grageas, Rinomicine Jarabe, Rinomicine Sobres, Robaxisal Compuesto, Saldeva, Saridon, Serragrip, Sinmol, Stopain, Takipirina,Talgo, Termalgin, Termocatil, Tylenol, Xumadol, Yendol; Sweden: Alvedon, Alvedon Dos, Curadon, Panadol, Panodil, Paracetamol, Reliv; UK: Alvedon, Calpol, Disprol, Infadrops, Medinol, Paldesic, Panadol, Panadol Actifast, Paracetamol, Paracetamol Junior, Zanza.

North America Canada: Abenol, Apo-Acetaminophen, Atasol, Novo-Gesic, Pediatrix, Tempra, Tylenol; USA: Acephen, Apra Children’s, Aspirin Free Anacin Maximum Strength, Cetafen, Cetafen Extra, Comtrex Sore Throat Maximum Strength, FeverALL, Genapap, Genapap Children, Genapap Extra Strength, Genapap Infant, Genebs, Genebs Extra Strength, Infantaire, Little Fevers, Mapap, Mapap Children’s, Mapap Extra Strength, Mapap Infants, Nortemp Children’s, Pain Eze, Silapap Children’s, Silapap Infants, Tycolene, Tycolene Maximum Strength, Tylenol 8 Hour, Tylenol Arthritis Pain, Tylenol Children’s with Flavor Creator, Tylenol, Tylenol Children’s, Tylenol Extra Strength, Tylenol Infants, Tylenol Junior, Valorin, Valorin Extra.

Latin America Argentina: Acetolit, Alikal dolor, Apracur te antifebril, Bio grip-t, Causalon, Coris te, Dirox, Fiebrolex, Flash, Inmunugrip T caliente, Itedal, Itedal 500, Mejoral, Nodipir, Novo Asat, Paracetamol, Parageniol, Paratral, Parclen, Plovacal, Tafirol, Termofren, Tetradox, Vick Vitapyrena, Viclor; Brazil: Acetamil, Acetofen, Anador Prt, Anatyl, Cefabrina, Cyfenol, Dorfenol, Dorico, Dorico Chá, Dorico flash, Dorsanol, Emsgrip, Fervex, Paracen, Paracetamol, Paralgen, Piramin, Pyrimel Maca e Canela, Pyrimel Mel e Limao, Sonridor, Termol, Tilekin, Trifen, Tylecetamol, Tylenol, Tylenol Ap, Tylenol bebe gotas, Tylenol thermos, Tylephen, Tylidol, Unigrip, Vick pyrena; Mexico: Abatem, Acetafen, Acetif, Ac-fast, Alpirex, Amolgen, Analphen, Andox, Antidol, Biofer, Coriver, Datril, Dismifen, Dolgan flash, Doluvital, Dolviran, Farpik, Ferridall, Filanc, Frilen, Icetazol, Infalgina, Magnidol, Magnidol plus, Mejoral 500, Mejoral acti-rapido, Mejoralito junior, Mejoralito pediatrico, Minofen, Neodol, Nordinet infantil, Notem, Panofen, Paracetamol, Pharmacen-t, Piralgina, Piralyn, Piremol, Precifen, Prosedal, Quitadol, Resfn, Sedalito, Sedalito infantil, Sinedol, Soltadol, Son´s piral, Tafirol, Temperal, Tempire, Tempofin, Tempra, Temprim, Temzzard, Tylenol, Tylex 750, Ulpafie.

Asia Japan: Acetaminophen, Alpiny, Anhiba, Anyrume, Anyrume S, Aphlogis, Aspain, Atenemen, Atmiphen, Calonal, Calsil, Cocarl, Napa, Neosedenal, Paraceta, Pyretinol, Pyrinazin, Sarutu, Towasaal A.

Chemistry

Acetaminophen: C8H9NO2. Mw: 151.16. (1) Acetamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-; (2) 4´-Hydroxyacetanilide. CAS-103-90-2.

Warnings and Precautions May cause hepatic toxicity (on acute overdose). Use with caution in alcoholic liver disease and in G6PD deficiency. Dose should be limited to <4 g/day. Dermatologic: Rash. Endocrine & metabolic: Increased chloride, uric acid and glucose or decreased sodium, bicarbonate and calcium. Hematologic: Anemia, blood dyscrasias (neutropenia, pancytopenia, leukopenia). Hepatic: Increased bilirubin, increased alkaline phosphatase. Renal: Increased ammonia, nephrotoxicity, analgesic nephropathy. Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity reactions.

Pharmacogenetics

Genes involved: Cytochrome P450 Isoenzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2) Cytochrome P450 Isoenzyme 2C9 (CYP2C9) Cytochrome P450 Isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) Cytochrome P450 Isoenzyme 3A (CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) Cytochrome P450 Isoenzyme 2A6 (CYP2A6) Cytochrome P450 Isoenzyme 2E1 (CYP2E1) UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1 Family, Polypeptide A1 (UGT1A1) UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1 Family, Polypeptide A6 (UGT1A6) Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes: CYP1A2: C734A, G-2964A CYP2C9: CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C9*5 CYP2D6: CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*4, CYP2D6*5, CYP2D6*6, CYP2D6*7, CYP2D6*8, CYP2D6*10, CYP2D6*17, CYP2D6*1xN CYP3A4 and CYP3A5: CYP3A4*1, CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A4*2, CYP3A4*3, CYP3A4*4, CYP3A4*5, CYP3A4*6, CYP3A4*8, CYP3A4*11, CYP3A4*12, CYP3A4*15, CYP3A4*17, CYP3A4*18, CYP3A4*19, CYP3A4*13, CYP3A5*3. CYP2A6: Mutants CYP2E1: Mutants UGT1A1: UGT 1A1*28 UGT1A6: UGT 1A6*2

Drug Interactions

Substrate (minor) of CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4. Inhibits CYP3A4 (weak). Anticonvulsants (hydantoin), barbiturates or carbamazepine may increase the metabolism of acetaminophen. Cholestyramine resin may decrease acetaminophen absorption. Isoniazid may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of acetaminophen. Acetaminophen may enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin).

Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions

Ethanol: Excessive intake may increase the risk of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Herbs: St John’s wort may decrease acetaminophen levels. Nutrition: Rate of absorption may be decreased when given with food.

Dosage

Dosage Forms: Caplet: 500 mg. Caplet, extended release: 650 mg. Capsule: 500 mg. Elixir: 160 mg/5 mL (120 mL, 480 mL, 3780 mL) (alcohol free; contains benzoic acid, cherry and grape flavours), 160 mg/5 mL (120 mL) (alcohol free; contains benzoic acid and sodium benzoate; cherry flavor). Gelcap: 500 mg. Geltab: 500 mg. Liquid, oral: 500 mg/15 mL (240 mL) (contains sodium benzoate; honey lemon flavor), 160 mg/5 mL (120 mL) (contains sodium benzoate; cherry and grape flavors), 160 mg/5 mL (120 mL, 240 mL, 480 mL) (sugar free; contains sodium benzoate; cherry flavor), 500 mg/15 mL (240 mL) (contains sodium benzoate; cherry flavor). Solution, oral: 160 mg/5 mL (120 mL, 480 mL). Solution, oral (drops) (droppers are marked at 0.4 mL (40 mg) and at 0.8 mL (80 mg)): 80 mg/0.8 mL (15 mL) (fruit flavor), 80 mg/0.8mL (15 mL, 30 mL), 80 mg/1 mL (30 mL) (alcohol free; contains propylene glycol and sodium benzoate; berry flavor; packaged with dropper and forehead thermometer), 80 mg/0.8 mL (15 mL, 30 mL) (contains sodium benzoate; cherry flavor). Suppository, rectal: 80 mg, 120 mg, 325 mg, 650 mg. Suspension, oral: 160 mg/5 mL (120 mL) (contains sodium benzoate; cherry flavor), 160 mg/5 mL (120 mL) (alcohol free; contains sodium benzoate; cotton candy flavor), 160 mg/5 mL (120 mL, 240 mL) (contains sodium benzoate; bubble gum yum, cherry blast, dye free cherry, grape splash, and very berry strawberry flavors), 160 mg/5 mL (120 mL) (contains sodium 2 mg/5 mL and sodium benzoate; cherry blast flavor; packaged with apple (4), bubblegum (8), chocolate (4), and strawberry (4) sugar free flavor packets). Suspension, oral (drops): 80 mg/0.8 mL (15 mL, 30 mL) (contains sodium benzoate; cherry flavor), 80 mg/0.8 mL (15 mL, 30 mL) (contains sodium benzoate; cherry, dye free cherry, and grape flavours). Tablet: 325 mg, 500 mg. Tablet, chewable: 80 mg (contains phenylalanine 6 mg/tablet; grape flavours), 80 mg (contains phenylalanine 3 mg/tablet; bubble gum, fruit, and grape flavours), 160 mg (contains phenylalanine 12 mg/tablet; grape flavor). Tablet, orally disintegrating: 80 mg (bubble gum, grape, and watermelon flavors), 160 mg (bubble gum and grape flavours). [Oral or rectal administration]. Dose adjustment in special conditions: In renal impairment (Clcr 10-50 mL/minute, Clcr <10 mL/ minute).

Analgesics and Antipyretics.

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system and peripherally blocks pain impulse generation. Produces antipyresis from inhibition of hypothalamic heat-regulating center.

Therapeutic Use

Treatment of pain and fever (antipyretic/analgesic). Does not have antirheumatic or anti-inflammatory effects.

Pregnancy and Lactation Implications

Safe for use during pregnancy when used at therapeutic doses for short periods of time. Compatible with lactation.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to acetaminophen or any component of the formulation.

B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Absorption: Incomplete. Varies by dosage form. Protein binding: 8% to 43% at toxic doses. Metabolism: At therapeutic dosages, hepatic to sulfate and glucuronide metabolites, while a small amount is metabolized by CYP to a highly reactive intermediate (acetylimidoquinone) which is conjugated with glutathione and inactivated. Half-life: 1.25–3 hours. Neonates: 2-5 hours. Adults: 1-3 hours (may be increased in elderly). Time to peak: Oral: 10-60 minutes. May be delayed in acute overdoses. Excretion: Urine (2% to 5% unchanged, 55% as glucuronide metabolites, 30% as sulphate metabolites).

Special Considerations Pharmacologic Category

Adverse Reactions

Diet: Some dosage forms may contain phenylalanine. Monitoring Parameters: Relief of pain or fever.

T U V W

Drug Combinations X

Acetaminophen, Aspirin & Caffeine Brand Names Europe

Y Z

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

A B C D E F G H

Finland: Panacod; France: Algicalm, Algisedal, Claradol Cafeine, Claradol Codeine, Codoliprane Adult, Codoliprane Child, Compralgyl, Gaosedal Codeine, Klipal Codeine, Lindilane, Paracetamol Codeine, Prontalgine; Germany: Azur, Chephapyrin, Coffalon, Copyrkal, Dolomo, Fibrex, Gelonida, Lonarid, Melabon K, Migräne-Neuridal, Nedolon, Neuralgin, Neuranidal, Neuranidal N, Novo Petrin, Octadon, Paracetamol, Prontopyrin, Quadronal, Ratiopyrin, Saridon, Schworalgan, Talvosilen, Toximer C; Greece: Lonarid N; Hungary: Coldrex, Miralgin, No Spalgin, Saridon, Talvosilen; Ireland: Anadin Maximum Strength, Feminax, Hedex Extra, Ilvico, Kapake, Panadeine, Panadol Cold and Flu Hot Lemon with Honey, Panadol Sinus Pain, Parake, Paramax, Sinutab, Solpadeine, Solpadol, Syndol, Veganin; Italy: Actidue Giorno, Actidue Notte, Algopirina, Alsogil, Antiflu, Antireumina, Coefferalgan, Contralgen, Doloflex, Drin, Fluental, Influrem, Influvit, Lonarid, Murri Antidolorifico, Neo Nisidina, Neocibalgina, Neonevral, Neo-Nisidina, Neouniplus, Odontalgico Dr Knapp, Saridon, Veramon; Luxembourg: Algisedal, Antigriphine, Croix Blanche, Dorsilon, Kranit Nova, Lonarid N, Melabon K, Nedolon, Panadol Codeine, Panadol Plus, Perdolan Compositum, Prontopyrin, Sinutab Mono, Sinutab, Talvosilen; Netherlands: Antigrippine, Finimal, Hedex Extra, Paracetamol Codeine, Paracof, Sanalgin, Saridon, Witte Kruis; Poland: Acenol cum Coffeino, Antidol, Coldrex, Dolores, Guaralgan, Pabitan, Saridon, Solpadeine, Talvosilen; Portugal: Almigripe, Antigrippine, Cegripe, Saridon N, Sinutab II; Spain: Actron Compuesto, Analgilasa, Analgiplus, Cafersona, Cerebrino Mandri, Dolgesic Codeína, Dolofarma, Dolomedil, Doscafis, Gelocatil Codeína, Neocibalena, Novo Cafeinol, Saldeva, Saldeva Forte, Saridon; Sweden: Citodon; UK: Co-Codamol, Codipar, Kapake, Painex, Panadeine, Panadol Ultra, Paramax, Solpadol, Zapain.

North America USA: Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine, Fem-Prin, Genaced, Goody’s Extra Strength Headache Powder, Goody’s Extra Strength Pain Relief, Pain-Off, Vanquish Extra Strength Pain Reliever.

Acetaminophen, Caffeine & Dihydrocodeine

Brand Names Europe

I J K L M N O P Q

Austria: Coldadolin, Coldagrippin, Contralorin, Dolocod, Dolomo, Duan, Duaneo mit Codein, Duokapton, Eu Med, Gewadal, Irocopar CC, Irocophan, Melabon, Migradon, Nervan, Rapidol, Ratiopyrin, Saridon, Sigmalin B6 Forte, Sigmalin B6 Ohne Coffein, Sigmalin B6, Toximer, Vivimed; Belgium: Algophene, Antigriphine, Kranit Nova, Lonarid N, Nevrine Codeine, Panadol Codeine, Panadol Plus, Perdolan Codeine, Perdolan Compositum, Rhinofebryl, Sinutab, Sinutab Forte, Troc, Witte Kruis; Denmark: Citodon, Fortamol, Pinex Comp; Finland: Panacod; France: Algicalm, Algisedal, Claradol Cafeine, Claradol Codeine, Codoliprane Adult, Codoliprane Child, Compralgyl, Gaosedal Codeine, Gelumaline, Klipal Codeine, Lindilane, Migralgine, Paracetamol Codeine, Prontalgine, Sedarene; Germany: Azur, Chephapyrin, Coffalon, Copyrkal, Dolomo, Fibrex, Gelonida, Grippostad C, Lonarid, Melabon K, Migräne-Neurida, Migränerton, Nedolon, Neopyrin, Neuralgin, Neuranidal, Neuranidal N, Novo Petrin, Octadon, Paracetamol, Prontopyrin, Quadronal, Ratiopyrin, Saridon, Schworalgan, Talvosilen, Toximer C, Wick Daymed; Greece: Lonarid N; Hungary: Coldrex, Grippostad C, Miralgin, No Spalgin, Saridon, Solpadeine, Talvosilen; Ireland: Anadin Maximum Strength, Feminax, Hedex Extra, Ilvico, Kapake, Lemsip Max Cold and Flu, Lemsip Max Sinus, Nirolex Cold Flu, Paracodol, Panadeine, Panadol Cold and Flu Hot Lemon with Honey, Panadol Sinus Pain, Parake, Paramax, Sinutab, Solpadeine, Solpadeine Cold and Flu, Solpadol, Syndol, Tramil Analgesic, Tylex, Veganin Plus; Italy: Actidue Giorno, Actidue Notte, Algopirina, Alsogil, Antiflu, Antireumina, Coefferalgan, Contralgen, Doloflex, Drin, Fluental, Influrem, Influvit, Lonarid, Murri Antidolorifico, Neo Nisidina, Neocibalgina, Neonevral, Neo-Nisidina, Neouniplus, Odontalgico Dr Knapp, Saridon, Veramon; Luxembourg: Algisedal, Algophene, Antigriphine, Croix Blanche, Dorsilon, Kranit Nova, Lonarid N, Melabon K, Nedolon, Panadol Codeine, Panadol Plus, Perdolan Codeine, Perdolan Compositum, Prontopyrin, Rhinofebryl, Sinutab, Sinutab Mono, Talvosilen; Netherlands: Antigrippine, Finimal, Hedex Extra, Paracetamol Codeine, Paracetamol Coffeine, Paracof, Sanalgin, Saridon, Witte Kruis; Poland: Acenol cum Coffeino, Antidol, Coldrex, Dolores, Grippostad C, Guaralgan, Pabitan, Saridon, Solpadeine, Tabcin Impakt, Tabcin Trend, Talvosilen; Portugal: Almigripe, Antigrippine, Cegripe, Dol U Ron Forte, Saridon N, Sinutab II; Spain: Analgilasa, Analgiplus, Cafersona, Calmante Dental Brota, Dolgesic Codeina, Dolofarma, Dolomedil, Gelocatil Codeina, Saldeva, Saldeva Forte, Saridon, Talgo Codeína, Termalgin Codeína; Sweden: Citodon; UK: CoCodamol, Codipar, Kapake, Medocodene, Painex, Panadeine, Panadol Ultra, Paramax, Paracodol, Solpadol, Tylex, Zapain.

North America USA: Panlor DC, Panlor SS, ZerLor.

Chemistry

Acetaminophen: C8H9NO2. Mw: 151.16. (1) Acetamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-; (2) 4´-Hydroxyacetanilide. CAS-103-90-2.

S T

Caffeine: C8H10N4O2. Mw: 194.19. (1) 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-; (2) 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine. CAS-58-08-2; CAS-5743-12-4 (monohydrate).

U V W

Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate: C18H23NO3.C4H6O6. Mw: 451.47. (1) Morphinan-6-ol, 4,5-epoxy-3methoxy-17-methyl-, (5α,6α)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1); (2) 4,5α-Epoxy-3-methoxy-17methylmorphinan-6α-ol (+)-tartrate. CAS-5965-13-9; CAS-125-28-0 (dihydrocodeine).

Acetaminophen & Codeine Brand Names Europe

Austria: Benuron, Coldadolin, Coldagrippin, Contralorin, Dolocod, Dolomo, Duan, Duaneo mit Codein, Duokapton, Eu Med, Gewadal, Irocopar Cc, Irocophan, Melabon, Mexa Vit. C, Migradon, Nervan, Rapidol, Ratiopyrin, Saridon, Sigmalin B6 Forte, Sigmalin B6 Ohne Coffein, Sigmalin B6, Toximer, Vivimed; Belgium: Algophene, Algostase, Antigriphine, Dafalgan Codeine, Efferalgan C, Kranit Nova, Lonarid N, Nevrine Codeine, Panadol Codeine, Panadol Plus, Perdolan Codeine, Perdolan Compositum, Rhinofebryl, Sinutab, Sinutab Forte, Thomapyrin mit Vitamin C, Troc, Witte Kruis; Cyprus: Panadeine Co, Solpadeine; Czech Republic: Panadeine, Panadiene, Solpadeine; Denmark: Citodon, Fortamol, Pinex Comp; Estonia: Paramax; Finland: Panacod, Panadol Duo, Panadol Extra, Paracetamol C; France: Algicalm, Algisedal, Algotropyl, Claradol Cafeine, Claradol Codeine, Codoliprane Adult, Codoliprane Child, Compralgyl, Coquelusedal Paracetamol Adult, Coquelusedal Paracetamol Baby, Coquelusedal Paracetamol Child, Dafalgan Codeine, Doliactic, Efferalgan Codeine, Efferalgan Vit C, Exidol, Febrectol, Gaosedal Codeine, Gelumaline, Klipal Codeine, Lindilane, Migralgine, Paracetamol Codeine, Prontalgine, Sedarene, Suppomaline, Theinol, Trophires Compose Adult, Trophires Compose Baby, Trophires Compose Child; Germany: Azur, Chephapyrin, Coffalon, Copyrkal, Ditonal, Dolomo, Fibrex, Gelonida, Grippostad C, Lonarid, Melabon K, Migränerton, Migräne-Neuridal, Mono Praecimed, Nedolon, Neopyrin, Neuralgin, Neuranidal, Neuranidal N, Novo Petrin, Octadon, Paedisup K, Paedisup S, Paracetamol, Prontopyrin, Quadronal, Ratiopyrin, Saridon, Schworalgan, Talvosilen, Thomapyrin C, Toximer C, Wick Daymed, Wick Formel; Greece: Apotel C-500, Apotel Extra, Co-Depon, Lonarid N, Panadol Extra; Hungary: Coldrex, Grippostad C, Miralgin, No Spalgin, Rhinoval C, Saridon, Solpadeine, Talvosilen; Ireland: Anadin Maximum Strength, Codipar, Doxylamine, Dozol, Feminax, Hedex Extra, Ilvico, Kapake, Lemsip Max Cold And Flu, Lemsip Max Sinus, Maxilief, Nirolex Cold Flu, Panadeine, Panadol Cold and Flu Hot Lemon with Honey, Panadol Sinus Pain, Paracetamol Caffeine Codeine, Paracodol, Parake, Paramax, Sinutab, Solpadeine, Solpadeine Cold and Flu Liquid, Solpadol, Syndol, Teedex, Veganin Plus, Zapain; Italy: Actidue Giorno, Actidue Notte, Algopirina, Alsogil, Antiflu, Antireumina, Coefferalgan, Contralgen, Doloflex, Drin, Efferalgan C, Fluental, Influrem, Influvit, Lonarid, Murri Antidolorifico, Neo Nisidina, Neocibalgina, Neonevral, Neo-Nisidina, Neouniplus C, Odontalgico Dr Knapp, Saridon, Triaminicflu, Veramon, Zerinetta Cm, Zerinolflu, Zerinol Cm; Luxembourg: Algisedal, Algophene, Algostase, Antigriphine, Croix Blanche, Dafalgan Codeine, Dorsilon, Efferalgan C, Kranit Nova, Lonarid N, Melabon K, Nedolon, Panadol Codeine, Panadol Plus, Perdolan Codeine, Perdolan Compositum, Perdolan Mono C, Prontopyrin, Rhinofebryl, Sinutab, Sinutab Mono, Talvosilen, Trophires Compose Adult, Trophires Compose Baby, Trophires Compose Child; Netherlands: Antigrippine, Finimal, Hedex Extra, Panadeine, Panadiene, Paracetamol Codeine, Paracetamol Coffeine, Paracof, Sanalgin, Saridon, Witte Kruis; Poland: Acenol cum Coffeino, Antidol, Coldrex, Apap C, Dafalgan Codeine, Dolores, Efferalgan Codeine, Efferalgan Vit C, Grippostad C, Guaralgan, Maxflu O Smaku Cytrynowym, Pabitan, Panadol Extra, Saridon, Solpadeine, Tabcin Impakt, Tabcin Trend, Talvosilen; Portugal: Almigripe, Antigrippine, Cegripe, Dol U Ron Forte, Paramolan C, Saridon N, Sinutab II; Spain: Algidol, Analgilasa, Analgiplus, Apiretal Codeína, Cafersona, Calmante Dental Brota, Co Dafalgan, Cod Efferalgan, Coxumadol, Cupanol, Dolgesic Codeína, Dolofarma, Dolomedil, Efferalgan Vit C, Fiorinal Codeína, Fluteden, Gelocatil Codeína, Saldeva, Saldeva Forte, Saridon, Talgo Codeína, Termalgin Codeína; Sweden: Citodon, Citodon Minor, Panocod Forte, Panocod Minor; UK: Co-Codamol, Codipar, Kapake, Medocodene, Painex, Panadeine, Panadol Extra, Panadol Ultra, Paracodol, Paramax, Solpadol, Tylex, Zapain.

North America Canada: ratio-Emtec, ratio-Lenoltec, Triatec-30, Triatec-8 Strong, Triatec-8, Tylenol Elixir with Codeine, Tylenol No. 1 Forte, Tylenol No. 1, Tylenol No. 2 with Codeine, Tylenol No. 3 with Codeine, Tylenol No. 4 with Codeine. USA: Capital and Codeine, Tylenol with Codeine.

Latin America

Argentina: Dolofrix, Dolofrix Forte; Mexico: Tylex CD.

Acetaminophen & Tramadol

Brand Names Europe

Austria: Coldadolin, Coldagrippin, Contralorin, Dolocod, Dolomo, Duan, Duaneo Mit Codein, Duokapton, Eu Med, Gewadal, Irocopar CC, Irocophan, Melabon, Migradon, Nervan, Rapidol, Ratiopyrin, Saridon, Sigmalin B6 Forte, Sigmalin B6 Ohne Coffein, Sigmalin B6, Toximer, Vivimed; Belgium: Antigriphine, Kranit Nova, Lonarid N, Nevrine Codeine, Panadol Codeine, Panadol Plus, Perdolan Compositum, Sinutab, Sinutab Forte, Troc, Witte Kruis, Zaldiar; Czech Republic: Zaldiar; Denmark: Citodon, Fortamol, Pinex Comp; Estonia: Zaldiar; Finland: Panacod; France: Algicalm, Algisedal, Claradol Cafeine, Claradol Codeine, Codoliprane Adult, Codoliprane Child, Compralgyl, Gaosedal Codeine, Ixprim, Klipal Codeine, Lindilane, Paracetamol Codeine, Prontalgine, Zaldiar; Germany: Azur, Chephapyrin, Copyrkal, Dolomo, Fibrex, Gelonida, Lonarid, Melabon K, Migräne-Neuridal, Nedolon, Neuralgin, Neuranidal, Novo Petrin, Octadon, Paracetamol, Prontopyrin, Quadronal, Ratiopyrin, Saridon, Schworalgan, Talvosilen, Toximer C, Zaldiar; Greece: Lonarid N; Hungary: Coldrex, Miralgin, No Spalgin, Saridon, Talvosilen; Ireland: Anadin Maximum Strength, Feminax, Hedex Extra, Ilvico, Kapake, Panadeine, Panadol Cold and Flu Hot Lemon with Honey, Panadol Sinus Pain, Parake, Paramax, Sinutab, Solpadeine, Solpadol, Syndol, Tramacet, Veganin Plus; Italy: Actidue Giorno, Actidue Notte, Algopirina, Alsogil, Antiflu, Antireumina, Coefferalgan, Contralgen, Doloflex, Drin, Fluental, Influrem, Influvit, Lonarid, Murri Antidolorifico, Neo Nisidina, Neocibalgina, Neonevral; Luxembourg: Algisedal, Antigriphine, Croix Blanche, Dorsilon, Kranit Nova, Lonarid N, Melabon K, Nedolon, Panadol Codeine, Panadol Plus, Perdolan Compositum, Prontopyrin, Sinutab, Sinutab Mono, Talvosilen; Netherlands: Antigrippine, Finimal, Hedex Extra, Paracetamol Codeine, Paracof, Sanalgin, Saridon, Witte Kruis, Zaldiar; Poland: Acenol Cum Coffeino, Antidol, Coldrex, Dolores, Guaralgan, Pabitan, Saridon, Solpadeine, Talvosilen; Portugal: Almigripe, Antigrippine, Cegripe, Saridon, Sinutab II; Spain: Analgilasa, Analgiplus, Cafersona, Con Paracetamol, Dolgesic Codeína, Dolofarma, Dolomedil, Gelocatil Codeína, Neouniplus, Odontalgico Dr Knapp, Pazital, Pontalsic, Saldeva, Saldeva Forte, Saridon, Veramon; Sweden: Citodon; UK: Co-Codamol, Codipar, Kapake, Painex, Panadeine, Panadol Ultra, Paramax, Solpadol, Tramacet, Zapain.

North America Canada: Tramacet; USA: Ultracet.

Latin America

Mexico: Tramacet, Zaldiar.

Z 32 — WG-PGX

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

Other Combinations

Codeine: C18H21NO3.H2O. Mw: 317.38. (1) Morphinan-6-ol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17methyl-, monohydrate, (5α,6α)-; (2) 7,8-Didehydro-4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan6α-ol monohydrate. CAS-6059-47-8; CAS-76-57-3 (anhydrous).

Acetaminophen & Butalbital B

Chemistry Acetaminophen: C8H9NO2. Mw: 151.16. (1) Acetamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-; (2) 4´-Hydroxyacetanilide. CAS-103-90-2.

Butalbital: C11H16N2O3. Mw: 224.26. (1) 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5-(2-methylpropyl)-5-(2propenyl)-; (2) 5-Allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid. CAS-77-26-9. (1966).

Acetaminophen & Chlorpheniramine

Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine & Pseudoephedrine

Acetaminophen, Codeine & Doxylamine

Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan & Phenylephrine

Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan & Pseudoephedrine Acetaminophen, Butalbital & Caffeine Chemistry Acetaminophen: C8H9NO2. Mw: 151.16. (1) Acetamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-; (2) 4´-Hydroxyacetanilide. CAS-103-90-2.

Acetaminophen & Diphenhydramine

Acetaminophen & Hydrocodone

Acetaminophen, Isometheptene, & Dichloralphenazone

Acetaminophen & Oxycodone Butalbital: C11H16N2O3. Mw: 224.26. (1) 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5-(2-methylpropyl)-5-(2propenyl)-; (2) 5-Allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid. CAS-77-26-9. (1966).

Caffeine: C8H10N4O2. Mw: 194.19. (1) 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-; (2) 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine. CAS-58-08-2; CAS-5743-12-4 (monohydrate).

Acetaminophen & Pentazocine Acetaminophen & Phenylephrine

Acetaminophen & Phenyltoloxamine

Acetaminophen & Propoxyphene

Acetaminophen & Pseudoephedrine

O P

Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine & Codeine

Chemistry Acetaminophen: C8H9NO2. Mw: 151.16. (1) Acetamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-; (2) 4´-Hydroxyacetanilide. CAS-103-90-2.

R S T

Butalbital: C11H16N2O3. Mw: 224.26. (1) 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5-(2-methylpropyl)-5-(2propenyl)-; (2) 5-Allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid. CAS-77-26-9. (1966).

U V Caffeine: C8H10N4O2. Mw: 194.19. (1) 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-; (2) 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine. CAS-58-08-2; CAS-5743-12-4 (monohydrate).

W X Y Z WG-PGX — 33

gene index

Gene

Locus

Name

Gene

Locus

Name

A2M

12p13.3-p12.3

Alpha-2-macroglobulin

BCHE

3q26.1-q26.2

Butyrylcholinesterase

ABCB1

7q21.1

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1

BCL2

18q21.3

B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2

ABCB4

7q21.1

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 4

BDKRB2

14q32.1-q32.2

Bradykinin receptor B2

ABCC1

16p13.1

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 1

BGLAP

1q25-q31

Bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (GLA) protein (osteocalcin)

ABCC2

10q24

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 2

BIRC1

5q13.1

Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 1

ABCC3

17q22

ATP-binding cassette C (CFTR/MRP), member 3

BIRC3

11q22

Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3

ABCC4

13q32

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 4

BMI1

10p11.23

B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region (Mouse)

ABCC5

3q27

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 5

BMP1

8p21

Bone morphogenic protein 1

ABCG2

4q22

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (WHITE), member 2

BRCA2

13q12.3

Breast cancer 2, early onset

ABLIM1

10q25

Actin binding LIM protein 1

BRD2

6p21.3

Bromodomain containing 2

ABL1

9q34.1

v-abl Abelson leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 1

BRS3

Xq26-q28

Bombesin-like receptor 3

ACE

17q23

Angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1

BYSL

6p21.1

Bystin-like

ACP2

11p11.2-p11.11

Acid phosphatase 2, lysiosomal

C22orf19

22q12

Chromosome 22 open reading frame 19

ADA

20q12-q13.11

Adenosine deaminase

19p13.3-p13.2

Complement component 3

ADCY3

2p24-p22

Adenylate cyclase 3

CA3

8q13-q22

Carbonic anhydrase III, muscle specific

ACY9

16p13.3

Adenylale cyclase 9

CACNA1C

12p13.3

ADORA2B

17p12-p11.2

Adenosine A2B receptor

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit

ADRA1D

20p13

Adrenergic, alpha-1D-, receptor

CACNA1G

17q22

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 1G subunit

ADRA2A

10q24-q26

Adrenergic, alpha-2A-, receptor

CACNA1H

16p13.3

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 1H subunit

CACNA2D4

12p13.33

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 4

CAMP

3p21.3

Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide

CASP3

4q34

Caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine protease

CASQ1

1q21

Calsequestrin 1 (fast-twitch, skeletal muscle)

ADRB1

10q24-q26

Adrenergic, beta-1-, receptor

ADRB2

5q31-q32

Adrenergic, beta-2-, receptor

AGTR1

3q21-q25

Angiotensin II receptor, type 1

ALOX5

10q11.2

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase

APOA1

11q23-q24

Apolipoprotein A-I

APOA4

11q23

Apolipoprotein A-IV

APOB

2p24-p23

Apolipoprotein B AgX angigen

APOE

19q13.2

Apolipoprotein E

ARF4

3p21.2-p21.2

ADP-ribosylation factor 4

ARFGAP1

20q13.33

ADP-ribosylation factor 1 GTPase activating protein

ARFGAP3

22q13.2-q13.3

ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 3

ARHGAP5

14q12

Rho GTPase activating protein 5

ARL7

2q37.2

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 7

ATIC

2q35

CASQ2

1p13.3-p11

Calsequestrin 2 (Cardiac muscle)

CCKAR

4p15.1-p15.2

Cholecystokinin A receptor

CCKBR

11p15.4

Cholecystokinin B receptor

CCL2

17q11.2-q21.1

Chemokine (C-C motid) ligand 2

CCL5

17q11.2-q12

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5

CCL7

17q11.2-q12

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7

CCL8

17q11.2

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8

CCL11

17q21.1-q21.2

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11

CCNA1

13q12.3-q13

Cyclin A1

CD1B

1q22-q23

CD1B antigen, b polypeptide

5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase

CDA

1p36.2-p35

Cytidine deaminase

10q21.1

Cell division cycle 2, G1 to S and G2 to M

ATIF1

12q13

Activating transcription factor 1

CDC2

ATP2A1

16p12.2

ATPase, Ca2+ transporting, cardiac muscle, fase twitch 1

CDC20

1p34.1

CDC20 cell division cycle 20 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

ATP2A2

12q23-q24.1

ATPase, Ca2+ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2

CDKL1

14q22.2

Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1 (CDC2-related kinase)

Xq13.2-q13.3

ATPase Cu drome)

CDKN1A

6p21.2

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)

CDKN1B

12p13.1-p12

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1)

CES1

16q13-q22.1

Carboxylesterase 1 Monocyte/macrophage serine esterase 1

ATP7A

transporting, alpha polypeptide (Menkes syn-

ATRN

20p13

Attractin

AZU

19p13.3

Azurocidin 1 (cationic antimicrobial protein 37)

BAK1

6p21.3

BCL2-antagonist/killer 1

CES2

16q22.2

Carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver)

BAX

19q13.3-q13.4

BCL2-associated X protein

CEPT

16q21

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein, plasma WG-PGX — 35

Gene index CFTR

7q31.2

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ATPbinding cassette (subfamily C, member 7)

CGB

19q13.32

Chorionic gonadotropin, beta polypeptide

CHC1

1p36.1

Chromosome condensation 1

CHG1

14q32

Chromogranin A (parathyroid secretory protein 1)

CHRNA3

15q24

Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3

CHRNA4

20q13.2-q13.3

Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4

CHRNA7

15q14

Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7

CKS2

9q22

CDC28 protein kinase 2

CLK1

2q33

CDC-like kinase 1

CLOCK

4q12

Clock homolog (mouse)

CLU

8p21-p12

Clusterin (complenet lysis inhibitor, SP-40,40, sulphated glycoprotein 2, testosterone-repressed prostate message 2, apolipoprotein J

CNOT8

5q31-q33

CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 8

COL1A1

17q21.3-q22.1

Collagen, type I, alpha 1

COMT

22q11.21

Catechol-O-methyltransferase

3q23-q25

Ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase)

CREB1

2q34

cAMP responsive element binding protein 1

CRHR1

17q12-q22

Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1

CRHR2

7p15.1

Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2

CRYZ

1p31-p32

Crystallin, zeta (quinine reductase)

CSF1

1p21-p13

Colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)

CSF2

5q31.1

Colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)

CSF3R

1p35-p34.3

Colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (granulocyte)

CSH2

17q24.2

Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2

CST7

20p11.21

Cystatin F (leukocystain)

CTSG

14q11.2

Cathepsin G

CTSL

9q21-q22

Cathepsin L

CUL4B

Xq23

Cullin 4B

CYP1A2

15q22-qter

Cytochrome P450, subfamily (aromatic compound-inducible), polypeptide 2

CYP1B1

2p21

Cytochrome P450, subfamily 1 (dioxin-inducible), polypeptide 1 (glaucoma 3, primary infantile)

DPYD

1p22

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase

DPYSL2

8p22-p21

Dihydropyrimidinase-like 2

DRD1

5q35.1

Dopamine receptor D1

DRD2

11q23

Dopamine receptor D2

DRD3

3q13.3

Dopamine receptor D3

DRD4

11p15.5

Dopamine receptor D4

DSP

6p24

Desmoplakin (DPI, DPII)

E2F1

20q11.2

E2F transcription factor 1

EFNB2

13q33

Ephrin-B2

EGFR

7p12

Epidermal growth factor receptor (erythroblastic leukaemia viral (v-erb-b) oncogene homolog, avian)

EIF4A1

17p13

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A, isoform 1

ELA2

19p13.3

Elastase 2, neutrophil

ELN

7q11.23

Elastin (supravalvular aortic stenosis, Williams-Beuren syndrome)

EPHA2

1p36

EphA2

EPHX1

1q42.1

Epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic)

ERBB2

17q21.1

v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian)

ERCC2

19q13.3

Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementing group 2 (xeroderma pigmentosum D)

ESR1

6q25.1

Estrogen receptor 1

ESRRA

11q13

Estrogen-related receptor alpha

ETV5

3q28

Ets variant gene 5 (ets-related molecule)

11p11-q12

Coagulation factor II (thrombin)

1q23

Coagulation factor V (proaccelerin, labile factor)

FCGR2A

1q23

Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIa, receptor for (CD32)

FDXR

17q24-q25

Ferredoxin reductase

FGB

4q28

Fibrinogen, B beta polypeptide

FGF9

13q11-q12

Fibroblast growth factor 9 (glia-activating factor)

FGG

4q28

Fibrinogen, gamma polypeptide

FHL2

2q12-q14

Four and a half Lim domain 2

FKBP1B

2p24.1

FK506 binding protein 1B (12.6 kD)

FLJ20719

1p31

Hypothetical protein FLJ20719 (non-HGNC gene)

FLNA

Xq28

Filamin A, alpha (actin binding protein 280)

FPGS

9cen-q34

Folylpolyglutamate synthase

CYP2A6

19q13.2

Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 6

CYP2B6

19q13.2

Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6

FRK

6q21-q22.3

Fyn-related kinase

CYP2C19

10q24.1-q24.3

Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19

FXYD3

19q13.13

FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 3

CYP2C9

10q24

Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9

FZD2

17q21.1

Frizzled homolog 2 (Drosophila)

CYP2D6

22q13.1

Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6

FZD6

8q22.3-q23.1

Frizzled homolog 6 (Drosophila)

CYP2E1

10q24.3-qter

Cytochrome P450, subfamily IIE (ethanol-inducible)

G6PD

Xq28

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

CYP3A

7q21.3-q22.1

Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A

GALNT7

4q31.1

CYP3A4

7q21.1

Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamyltransferase 7

CYP3A5

7q21.1

Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 5

GBE1

3p12.3

Glucan (1,4-alpha-), branching enzyme 1 (glycogen branching enzyme, Andersen disease, glycogen storage disease type IV)

CYP3A7

7q21-q22.1

Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 7

GBF1

10q24

Golgi-specific brefeldin A resistance factor 1

CYP4B1

1p34-p12

Cytochrome P450, subfamily IVB, polypeptide 1

GCHFR

15q15

GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulatory protein

CYP11B2

8q21-q22

Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2

GDF10

10q11.22

Growth differentiation factor 10

DCK

4q13.3-q21.1

Deoxycytidine kinase

GDF11

12q13.13

Growth differentiation factor 11

DEFA3

8pter-p23.3

Defensin, alpha 3, neutrophil-specific

GGH

8q12.2

DEFA4

8p23

Defensin, alpha 4, corticostatin

Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase maglutamyl hydrolase)

DHFR

5q11.2-q13.2

Dihydrofolate reductase

GHR

5p13-p12

Growth hormona receptor

GJA1

6q21-q23.1

Gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43 kD (connexin 43)

GJAP1

Gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43 kD (connexin 43) pseudogene 1

GJA5

1q21.1

Gap junction protein, alpha 5, 40 kD (connexin 40)

DHPS

19p13.2-p13.1

Deoxyhypusine synthase

DKFZP564D116

10q24.1

DKFZP564D116 protein (non-HGNC gene)

DNMT1

19p13.2

DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1

36 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WG-PGX

(conjugase,

folylpolygam-

Gene index GJA7

17q21.31

Gap junction protein, alpha 7, 45 kD (connexin 45)

INPP1

2q32

Inositol polyphosphate-1-phosphatase

GJB1

Xq13.1

Gap junction protein, beta 1, 32 kD (connexin 32, CharcotMarie-Tooth neuropathy, X-linked)

IRF1

5q31.1

Interferon regulatory factor 1

IRS1

2q36

Insulin receptor substrate 1

ITGA2B

17q21.32

Integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41B)

ITGAL

16p11.2

Integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte functionassocuiated antigen 1, alpha polypeptide)

ITGB3

17q21.32

Integrin, beta 3 (platelet IIIa, antigen CD61)

ITPA

20p

Inosine triphosphate (nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase)

ITPR

3p26-p25

Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 1

JRKL

11q21

Jerky homolog-like (mouse)

JUN

1p32-p31

v-Jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)

JUP

17q21

Junction plakoglobin

KATNB1

16q13

Katanin p80 (WD40-containing) subunit B1

KCNA5

12p13

Potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 6

KCNAB1

3q26.1

Potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, beta member 1

GNAS

20q13.2-q13.3

GNAS complex locus

GNB3

12p13

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3

GNG10

9q32

Guanine nucleotide binding protein 10

GOLGA2

9q34.13

Golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 2

GPX1

3p21.3

Glutathione peroxidase 1

GRM3

7q21.1-q21.2

Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3

GSS

20q11.2

Glutathione synthetase

GSTA1

6p12.1

Glutathione S-transferase A1

GSTM1

1p13.3

Gltathione S-transferase M1

GSTA3

6p12.2

Glutathione S-transferase A3

GSTM2

1p13.3

Glutathione S-transferase M2 (muscle)

GSTP1

11q13

Glutathione S-transferase pi

GSTT1

22q11.23

Glutathion S-transferase theta 1

GZMM

19p13.3

Granzyme M (lymphocyte met-ase 1)

H3F3B

17q25

H3 histone, family 3B (H3.3.B)

KCND3

1p13.3

Potassium voltage-gated channel, Shal-related subfamily, member 3

HAT1

2q31.2-q33.1

Histone acetyltransferase 1

KCNE1

21q22.12

Potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related family, member 1

HCN2

19p13.3

Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 2

KCNE2

21q22.12

Potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related family, member 2

11q13-q14

Potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related family, member 3

15q24-q25

Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4

KCNE3

HCN4

KCNE4

2q36.3

Potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related family, member 4

HHEX

10q23.33

Hematopietically expressed homeobox

KCNH2

7q35-q36

HIC2

22q11.21

Hypermethylated in cancer 2

Potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H (eag-related), member 2

HKE2

6p21.3

HLA class II region expressed gene KE2

KCNIP2

10q24

Kv channel interacting protein 2

KCNJ2

17q23.1-q24.2

Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 2

KCNJ3

2q24.1

Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 3

KCNJ4

22q13.1

Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 4

KCNJ5

11q24

Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 5

KCNJ8

12p11.23

Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 8 Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11

HLA-C

6p21.3

Major histocompatibility complex, class I, C

HLA-DRB1

6p21.3

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1

HNMT

2q22.1

Histamine N-methyltransferase

HPRT1

Xq26.1

Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (Lesch-Nyhan syndrome)

HTR1A

5q11.2-q13

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A

HTR2A

13q14-q21

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A

KCNJ11

11p15.1

HTR2C

Xq24

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C

KCNK1

1q42-q43

Potassium channel, subfamily K, member 1

2p23

Potassium channel, subfamily K, member 3

HTR4

5q31-q33

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 4

KCNK3

HTR6

1p36-p35

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 6

KCNQ1

11p15.6

Potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1

IAPP

12p12.3-p12.1

Islet amyloid polypeptide

KIF3A

5q31

Kinesin family member 3A

ICAM1

19p13.3-p13.2

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54), human rhinovirus receptor

KIAA0143

8q24.22

KIAA0143 protein (non-HGNC gene)

ICAM3

19p13.3-p13.2

Intercellular adhesion molecule 3

KIAA0157

10q26.2

KIAA0157 (non-HGNC gene)

17q24.2

KIAA0563 gene product (non-HGNC gene)

IFNAR1

21q22.11

Interferon (alpha and omega) receptor 1

KIAA0563

IL1A

2q14

Interleukin 1, alpha

KIAA0650

18p11.31

KIAA0650 protein (non-HGNC gene)

IL1B

2q14

Interleukin 1, beta

KIAA0682

12q24.21

KIAA0682 gene product (non-HGNC gene)

IL1R1

2q12

Interleukin1 receptor, type I

KIAA0874

18p11.22

KIAA0874 protein (non-HGNC gene)

IL1Rl1

2q12

Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1

KIAA0935

4p16.2

Mannosidase alpha class 2B member 2 (non-HGNC gene)

IL2

4q26-q27

Interleukin 2

KIAA1000

3q13.13

KIAA1000 protein (non-HGNC gene)

IL3

5q31.1

Interleukin 3 (colony-stimulating factor, multiple)

KIAA1155

2p13.2

KIAA1155 protein (non-HGNC gene)

IL4

5q31.1

Interleukin 4

KIAA1467

12p13.31

KIAA1467 protein (non-HGNC gene)

IL5

5q31.1

Interleukin 5 (colony-stimulating factor, eosinophil)

KITLG

12q22

KIT ligand

IL6

7p21

Interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)

KNG

3q27

Kininogen

IL8

4q13-q21

Interleukin 8

KRTHB3

12q13

Keratin, hair, basic, 3

IL10

1q31-q32

Interleukin 10

LCN2

9q34

Lipocalin 2 (oncogene 24p3)

IL13

5q31

Interleukin 13

LGALS1

22q13.1

Lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1 (galectin 1) WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 37

Gene index LIPC

15q21-q23

Lipase, hepatic

POLE

12q24.3

Polymerase (DNA directed), epsilon

7q21.3

Paraoxonase 1 P450 (cytochrome) oxidoreductase

LMNA

1q21.2-q21.3

Progeria 1 (Hutchinson-Gilford type)

PON1

LPL

8p22

Lipoprotein lipase

POR

7q11.2

LST1

6p21.3

Leukocyte specific transcript 1

PPARA

22q13.31

Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, alpha

3p25

Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma

MAOB

Xp11.4-p11.3

Monoamine oxidase B

PPARG

MAX

14q23

MAX protein

PPAT

4q12

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase

MCCC2

5q12-q13

Methylcrotonoyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase 2 (beta)

PPP1CB

2p23

Protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, beta isoform

1p36

PR domain containing 2, with ZNF domain

MGMT

1026

O-6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase

PRDM2

MICA

6p21.3

MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A

PRF1

10q22

Perforin 1 (pore forming protein)

11q23

Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukaemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila)

PRG1

10q22.1

Proteoglycan 1, secretory granule

PRKCA

17q22-q23.2

Protein kinase C, alpha

MLL MMP1

11q22.3

Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (interstitial collagenase)

MMP3

11q22.3

Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin 1, progelatinase)

MPHOSPH9

12q24.31

M-phase phosphoprotein 9

MPO

17q23.1

Myeloperoxidase

MRPL33

2p21

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L33

14q24

Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent), methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase

MTHFD1

PRKCB1

16p11.2

Protein kinase C, beta 1

PRKCE

2p21

Protein kinase C, epsilon

PRKCQ

10q15

Protein kinase C, theta

PRKY

Yp11.2

Protein kinase, Y-linked

PTGS2

1q25.2-25.3

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)

PTK2B

8p21.1

Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta

PTK7

6p21.1-p12.2

PTK7 protein tyrosine kinase 7

PTPRC

1q31-q32

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type , C

RAB31

18p11.3

RAB31, member RAS oncogene family RAB5C, member RAS oncogene family

MTHFR

1p36.3

5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)

MTHFS

15q24.3

5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase)

MTR

1q43

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase

RAB5C

17q21.2

MUSK

9q31.3-q32

Muscle, skeletal, receptor kinase

RALBP1

18p11.3

RaIA binding protein

MYLK

3q21

Myosin, light polypeptide kinase

RASSF1

3p21.3

Ras association (RaIGDS/AF-6) domain family 1

NAT1

8p23.1-p21.3

N-Acetyltransferase 1 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase)

RB1

13q14.2

Retinoblastoma 1 (including osteosarcoma)

NAT2

8p22

N-Acetyltransferase 2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase)

RBBP8

18q11.2

Retinoblastoma binding protein 8

NEDD4

15q

Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4

RDX

11q23

Radixin

14q11.2

Ribonuclease, RNase A family, k6

18q23

Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurindependent 1

RNASE6

NFATC1

RPL5

1p22.1

Ribosomal protein L5

NKG7

19q13.41

Natural killer cell group 7 sequence

RRM1

11p15.5

Ribonucleotide reductase M1 polypeptide

NMT1

17q21.31

N-Myristoyltransferase 1

RYR1

19q13.1

Ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal)

NOS2A

17q11.2-q12

Nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes)

RYR2

1q42.1-q43

Ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac)

NOS3

7q36

Nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)

S100A12

1q21

S100 calcium binding protein A12 (calgranulin C)

NPFF

12q13.13

Neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor

SAA1

11p15.1

Serum amyloid A1

NPY

7p15.1

Neuropeptide Y

SAA2

11p15.1-p14

Serum amyloid A2

NQO1

16q22.1

NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinine 1

SAA@

11p

Serum amyloid A1 cluster

NR1I2

3q12-q13.3

Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2

SACS

13q12

Spastic ataxia of Chalevoix-Saguenay (sacsin)

NR1I3

1q23.1

Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3

SAP18

13q12.11

Sin3-associated polypeptide, 18kD

5q31

Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor)

SCN1B

19q13.1

Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, beta

SCN2B

11q23

Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, beta

SCN3B

11q24.1

Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type III, beta

SCNB4

11q23.3

Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, beta polypeptide

SCN5A

3p21

Soadium channel, voltage-gated, type V, alpha (long QT syndrome 3) Sodiuam channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha

NR3C1 NRXN2

11q13

Neurexin 2

NUP98

11p15.5

Nucleoporin 98kD

OPRD1

1p36.1-p34.3

Opioid receptor, delta 1

OPRM1

6q24-q25

Opioid receptor, mu 1

OXTR

3p25

Oxytocin receptor

SCNN1A

12p13

PAPSS1

4q24

3’-Phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate synthase 1

SELE

1q22-q25

Selectin E (endothelial adhesion molecule 1)

PAPSS2

10q23-q24

3’-Phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate synthase 2

SEPT3

22q13.2

Septin 3

PARG

10q11.23

Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase

SGK

6q23

Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase-like

PCDH9

13q14.3-q21.1

Protocadherin 9

SGKL

8q12.3-q13.3

PF4V1

4q12-q21

Platelet factor 4 variant

SHMT1

17p11.2

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (soluble)

SLC1A3

5p13

Solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3

SLC6A3

5p15.3

Solute carrier family dopamine), member 3

PLN

6q221.

Phospholamban

PLS1

3q23

Plastin 1 (isoform)

PMVK

1p13-q23

Phosphomevalonate kinase

38 — WG-PGX

(neurotransmitter

transporter,

Gene index SLC6A4

17q11.1-q12

Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4

SLC8A2

19q13.3

Solute carrier family 8 (sodium-calcium exchanger), member 2

SLC18A2

10q25

Solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2

SLC19A3

2q37

Solute carrier family 19, member 3

SLC19A1

21q22.3

Solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1

SLC21A6

12p

Solute carrier family 21 (organic anion transporter), member 6

SLC22A1

6q26

Solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 1

SLC22A2

6q26

Solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2

SLC22A6

11q13.1-q13.2

Solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 6

SLC22A8

11q11

Solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 8

SLC22A9

11q13.1

Solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/cation transporter), member 9

SLC22A11

11q13.1

Solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/cation transporter), member 11

SLC28A1

15q25-26

Solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 1

TESK1

9p13

Testis-specific kinase

TGIF

18p11.3

TGFB-induced factor (TALE family homeobox)

TK1

17q23.2-q25.3

Thymidine kinase 1, soluble

1q42-q43

Transmembrane 7 superfamily member 1 (upregulated in kidney)

TM7SF1 TM9SF2

13q32.3

Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 2

TNF

6p21.3

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)

TNFRSF1B

1p36.3-p36.2

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1B

TOP2

22q13.2-q13.31

Transducer of ERBB2, 2

TOP2A

17q21-q22

Topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170 kDa

TOP2B

3p24

Topisomerase (DNA) II beta 180kDa

TP53

17p13.1

Tumor protein p53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome)

TPH1

11p15.3-p14

Tryptophan hydroxylase (tryptophan 5-monooxygenase)

TPMT

6p22.3

Thiopurine S-methyltransferase

TRA@

14q11.2

T cell receptor alpha cluster

TRB@

7q34

T cell receptor beta locus

TUBA1

2q36.1

Tubulin, alpha 1 (testis-specific)

TXK

4p12

PTK4 protein tyrosine kinase 4

TYMS

18p11.32

Thymidylate synthetase

TYROBP

19q13.1

TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein

SLC28A2

15q15

Solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 2

SLC29A1

6p21.1-p21.2

Solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1

SLC29A2

11q13

Solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2

UGT1A1

2q37

UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1

SOD1

21q22.11

Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1, adult)

UGT1A6

2q37

UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A6

2q37

UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7

SOD2

6q25.3

Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial

UGT1A7

SP1

12q13.1

Sp1 transcription factor

UGT1A8

2q37

UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A8

2q37

UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide 9

SS18

18q11.2

Synovial sarcoma translocation, chromosome 18

UGT1A9

SSX1

Xp11.23-p11.22

Synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 1

UGT1@

2q37

UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A cluster

Zinc finger protein 387

UGT2B7

4q13

UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B7

4q13

UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B15

ST18

8q11.22

STE

4q13.1

Sulfotransferase, estrogen-preferring

UGT2B15

STK24

13q31.2-q32.3

Serine/threonine kinase 24 (STE20 homolog, yeast)

UMPK

1q23

Uridine monophosphate kinase

Serine/Threonine kinase 38x

USF2

19q13

Upstream transcription factor 2, c-fos interacting

Sulfotransferase

VCAM1

1p32-p31

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1

VDR

12q12-q14

Vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor

VEGF

6p12

Vascular endotelial growth factor

VHL

3p26-p25

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

VWF

12p13.3

von Willebrand factor

WIF1

12q14.1

WNT inhibitory factor 1

XDH

2p23-p22

Xanthene dehydrogenase

XRCC1

19q13.2

X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1

YY1

14q

YY1 transcription factor

ZNF157

Xp11.2

Zinc finger protein 157 (HZF22)

STK38

6p21

SULT SULT1A1 SULT1A3 SULT1C1

16p12.1 16p11.2

Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3

2q11.1-q11.2

Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1C, member 1

SULT2A1

19q13.3

Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-preferring, member 1

SULT6B1

Sulfotransferase 6B1 (non-HGNC gene)

TAP1

6p21.3

Transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP)

TCN1

11q11-q12

Transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family)

TERF1

8q13

Telomeric repeat binding factor (NIMA-interacting) 1

WG-PGX â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 39

genes

ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1)

ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1) Alternative Names ABC20; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 1, ABCB1; CD243; Doxorubicin resistance; GP170; Homo sapiens ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1 (ABCB1), mRNA.; P glycoprotein 1; P glycoprotein 1/multiple drug resistance 1; P-Glycoprotein 1; PGY1; P-glycoprotein-1/multiple drug resistance-1; P-gp; colchicin sensitivity; doxorubicin resistance; multidrug resistance 1.

Alternative Symbols

ABC20, CD243, CLCS, GP170, MDR1, NM_000927.1, P-GP, P-gp, PGY1

Locus

7q21.1

OMIM

171050

PharmGKB PA267

Gene Structure Size: 209,39 kb; 29 Exons Text structure: P-glycoprotein with a Y-box sequence 5’ - CTGATTGG - 3’ in its cis-regulatory elements.

RNA

Size: 4643 bp Expression: small intestine, liver, adrenal gland, brain, uterus, kidney, and low expression in many other tissues. Tissue: epithelial secretory tissue. Subcellular localization: Plasma membrane.

Protein

P-Glycoprotein. Size: 141.5 kDa; 1280 aa Family: ATP binding cassette superfamily, subfamily B (MDR/TAP). Category: Transport carrier. Motifs/domains: Two ATP binding and two transmembrane (2TM) domains (2 x 6 segments); lipid translocase of broad specificity.

Function

The MDR1 gene encodes a large transmembrane protein that is an integral part of the blood-brain barrier and functions as a drug-transport pump transporting a variety of drugs from the brain back into the blood; ABC transporter, traffic ATPase, emergy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug resistant cells; Potentially implicated in cholesterol transport; May maintain neural stem/progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and could be a neural stem/progenitor marker; Upregulated by P/CAF : NFY heterodimer.

Related Diseases

Blood coagulation disorders; Epilepsy; HIV; Leukaemia; Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia L1; Neoplasms; Multiple myeloma; Endometrial cancer; Breast cancer; Colon carcinoma; Colorectal cancer; Ovarian carcinoma; Parkinson’s disease; Organ transplantation; Liver transplantation; Major depression; Colchicine resistance; Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn disease; Renal epithelial tumors; Hypercholesterolemia; Graft-versus-host disease; Schizophrenia; Obesity.

Related Drugs

Acenocoumarol, Acetaminophen, Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Amitriptyline and Chlordiazepoxide, Amitriptyline and Perphenazine, Arsenic trioxide, Arsenite, Asparaginase (colaspase), Aspirine and Dipyridamole, Atorvastatin, Azelastine, Azidopine, Biricodar, Calcein, Carbamazepine, Carvedilol, Chlorpromazine, Clarithromycin, Colchicine, Cyclosporine, Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, Desipramine, Dexrazoxane, Dicloxacillin, Digoxin, Diltiazem, Doxorubicin, Dipyridamole, Disulfiram, Doxepin, Ebastine, Efavirenz, Erythromycin, Erythromycin and Sulfisoxazole, Etoposide, Felodipine, Fentanyl, Fexofenadine, Fluphenazine, 5-Fluorouracil, Fluvoxamine, Gabapentin, Gefitinib, Gemcitabine, gf 120918, (glc)4, Haloperidol, Hydrocortisone, Hydroxyzine, Imipramine, Indinavir, (125i)Iodoarylazidoprazosin, Irinotecan, Itraconazole, Ivermectin, Ketoconazole, Lansoprazole, Lidocaine, Lidocaine and Prilocaine, Loperamide, Lovastatin, Ly335979, Maprotiline, Mefloquine, 6-Mercaptopurine, Methadone, Methotrexate, Midazolam, Mifepristone, Mitomycin, Morphine, Nefazodone, Nelfinavir, Nicardipine, Nitrendipine, Nortriptyline, Ofloxacin, Olanzapine, Paclitaxel, Pesticides, Phenytoin, Prednisone, Probenecid, Prochlorperazine, Progesterone, Propafenone, Propranolol, Quinine, Ranitidine, Repaglinide, Reserpine, Rhodamine 123, Rifampin, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Simvastatin, Tacrolimus, Talinolol, Tamoxifen, Testosterone, Tetramethylrosamine, 6-Thioguanine, Topotecan, Trimipramine, Verapamil, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vitamin D, Warfarin, Xenobiotics, xr9576.

Animal Models

Mice homozygous for a disruption of the mdr1a gene were viable and fertile and appeared phenotypically normal, but they displayed an increased sensitivity to the centrally neurotoxic pesticide ivermectin (100-fold) and to the carcinostatic drug vinblastine (3-fold). By comparison of the homozygous null mice with wildtype mice, the mdr1a P-glycoprotein is the major P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier and its absence results in elevated drug levels in many tissues, especially in brain, and in decreased drug elimination. Mdr1a mutant mice of the CF-1 outbred mouse stock that lacked the Mdr1a P-glycoprotein, and therefore phenotypically resembled mice with a targeted disruption of Mdr1a, showed that absence of the Mdr1a P-gp is associated with enhanced sensitivity of the fetus to an isomer of the pesticide ivermectin. They further showed that enhanced fetal drug penetration paralleled the increased ivermectin sensitivity in the mutant fetuses. In the null mice of Schinkel, intravenous administration of P-gp substrate drugs to pregnant dams revealed that much more drug entered the null fetuses than entered the wildtype fetuses. Placental P-gp activity could be completely inhibited by oral administration of P-gp blockers to heterozygous mothers. The placental drug transport P-glycoprotein is of great importance in limiting the fetal penetration of various potentially harmful or therapeutic compounds. This P-gp function can be abolished by pharmacologic means. In a subpopulation of collie dogs, a deletion mutation of the MDR1 gene is associated with ivermectin sensitivity. The 4-bp deletion resulted in a frameshift, generating several stop codons that prematurely terminate the P-glycoprotein gene product. The homozygous normal or heterozygous animals did not display increased sensitivity. All dogs carrying the deletion mutation are descendants of a dog that lived in Great Britain before the genetic isolation of breeds by registry (ca 1873).

Allelic Variants

Total: 1328 SNPs ABCB1:1236C>T (rs1128503)(Exon 12) ABCB1:2677G>A/T (rs2032582)(Exon 21). Protein variant: Ala893Thr/Ser. Susceptibility to Crohn disease. the common allele, ala893, of the triallelic ala893-to-ser/thr variant of ABCB1 is associated with Crohn disease, with undertransmission of the 893ser (common) and 893thr (rare) variants.

MULTI-NATIONAL: N=48; G:0.58, T:0.42 MULTI-NATIONAL: N=202; A:0.04, G:0.61, T:0.35 MULTI-NATIONAL: N=61; A:0.00, G:0.56, T:0.43 MULTI-NATIONAL: N=47; A:0.02, G:0.85, T:0.12 CENTRAL/SOUTH AMERICA: N=45; A:0.04, G:0.57, T:0.39 EAST ASIA: N=47; A:0.10, G:0.46, T:0.44 EUROPE: N=118; G:0.60, T:0.40 WEST AFRICA: N=120; G:1.00 NORTH AMERICA: N=30; C:0.43, T:0.57 NORTH AMERICA: N=32; C:0.22, T:0.78 ABCB1:3435C>T (rs1045642)(Exon 26)(ABCB1*1(CGC)/ABCB1*2(TTT)): People who are homozygous for the 3435T allele of MDR1 have on average substantially lower intestinal P-glycoprotein expression than those homozygous for the C allele. Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy had increased frequency of the position 3435 C/C genotype compared to the T/T genotype. There were more homozygous carriers of the CGC haplotype (3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in exons 12 (1236C-T), 21 (2677G-T), and 26 (3435C-T)) in patients with higher pharmacoresistance, suggesting that the degree of pharmacoresistance may be modulated by the ABCB1 gene. Gly185Val: Colchicine resistance. Spontaneous mutation in the MDR1 gene that results in a gly185to-val change in P-glycoprotein. This amino acid substitution affects not the initial drug-binding site but another site associated with the release of P-glycoprotein-bound drugs to the outside of the cell. Forty-eight variant sites, including 30 novel variants and 13 coding for amino acid changes, were identified in a collection of 247 ethnically diverse DNA samples. These variants comprised 64 statistically inferred haplotypes, 33 of which accounted for 92% of chromosomes analyzed. The two most common haplotypes, ABCB1*1 and ABCB1*13, differed at six sites (three intronic, two synonymous, and one non-synonymous) and were present in 36% of all chromosomes. Significant population substructure was detected at both the nucleotide and haplotype level. Linkage disequilibrium was significant across the entire ABCB1 gene, especially between the variant sites found in ABCB1*13, and recombination was inferred. The Ala893Ser change found in the common ABCB1*13 haplotype did not affect P-glycoprotein function. Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing of exonic MDR1 deoxyribonucleic acid from 37 healthy European American and 23 healthy African American subjects identified 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 6 nonsynonymous variants, occurring in various allelic combinations. Population frequencies of the 15 identified alleles varied according to racial background. Two synonymous SNPs (C1236T in exon 12 and C3435T in exon 26) and a nonsynonymous SNP (G2677T, Ala893Ser) in exon 21 were found to be linked (MDR1*2) and occurred in 62% of European Americans and 13% of African Americans.

Haplotypes 1236, 2677, 3435 (TTT) and 3 intronic SNPs (intron 9, intron 13, intron 14) named ABCB1:*13 ABCB1:84821C>T (rs10276036), ABCB1:83766A>G (rs2235033), ABCB1:83249C>T (rs2235013). The *1 haplotype CCC (1236, 2677, 3435) contains the reference alleles for these SNPs. The *13 coding haplotype is equivalent to the *2 haplotype TTT (1236, 2677, 3435) and contains the minor alleles for these SNPs. 2677T/3435T haplotype protects against Parkinson disease in a Chinese population. *13 coding haplotype is associated with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. 2677G/3435T significantly increased (2677T/3435C decreased) extent of and susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in Scottish patients. 2677A/3435C subjects had significantly lower plasma fexofenadine concentrations after a single oral dose. No association between *13 coding haplotype and drug resistance in Korean epileptic patients. No association between 2677/3435 haplotype and indinavir PK or PD. 2677/3435 haplotype not associated with cyclosporine PK in renal transplant patients. No effect of 2677/3435 on ritonavir trough or response in HIV + patients. *1 and *13 did not differ in response to loperamide.

Evolution

Detailed characterization of the haplotype and linkage disequilibrium architecture of the entire 200 kb of the MDR1 gene in 5 world populations, namely, Chinese, Malays, Indians, Caucasians, and African-Americans has been reported. Varied haplotype diversity across the entire gene in the different populations was observed. The major haplotype mh5, which contains the subhaplotype e12/1236T-e21/2677T-e26/3435T, was highly represented among the 4 non-African populations, while mh7, which contains the subhaplotype e12/1236C-e21/2677G-e26/3435C, accounted for over a third of African-American chromosomes. There is evidence of recent positive selection for the e21/2677T and e26/3435T alleles in the Chinese population, and for the e26/3435T allele in the Malay population. Independent mutational events may have occurred on the mh5 and mh7 haplotypes of the MDR1 gene to confer positive selection in the non-African and African-American populations, respectively. ABCB1 has approximately 116 polymorphic sites in Caucasians and 127 in African Americans with a minor allele frequency greater than 5% . Some of the most commonly studied variants are 1236C>T, 2677G>A/T and 3435C>T and the most commonly studied haplotype involves the 1236, 2677 and 3435 SNPs. There are many other ABCB1 variants such as -129C>T (5’-UTR), 61A>G (Asn21Asp) and 1199G>A (Ser400Asn) that have been studied in vivo and in vitro. To date, there is no clear consensus on the impact of any of these variants on drug disposition, response or toxicity. For the most commonly studied phenotypes, i.e. intestinal absorption and CNS penetration, discordant results have been published and appropriately powered studies are still needed to clarify these results. Helpful review papers have been written that summarize the substantial body of work covering ABCB1 polymorphisms and their potential impact on cellular and clinical phenotypes. The C/T and G/T alleles at the MDR1 C3435T and G2677T loci are equally frequent in the Caucasian population, but the wild-type alleles are more prevalent in the African-American population (59% homozygous [CC] and 32% heterozygous [CT] for C3435T; 80% homozygous [GG] and 16% heterozygous [GT] for G2677T). The frequencies in the Hispanic population are 46% CC and 38% CT for C3435T, and 58% GG and 38% GT for G2677T. *13 occurs at a frequency of 32% in Caucasians, 5% in African Americans, 27% in Asians, 35% in Mexican Americans, and 33.3% in Pacific Islanders. In Koreas, the three major haplotypes are: TTT (30%), TGC (24%), and CGC (24%). Genotyping of Egyptian patients with epilepsy and control subjects revealed a genotype distribution of CC, CT, TT: 55.50%, 38.00%, 6.50% for drug resistant patients, CC, CT, TT: 13.50%, 46.00%, 40.50% for drug responsive patients, and CC, CT, TT: 24.00%, 48.00%, 28.00% for the control subjects. Paclitaxel: Patients carrying two reference alleles for the ABCB1 3435C>T polymorphism tend toward a reduced risk to develop neuropathy as compared to patients carrying at least one variant allele. Additionally, patients who are homozygous variant at the 2677 and 3435 loci have a significantly greater percent decrease in absolute neutrophil count at nadir. Neither polymorphism correlate with paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. Paclitaxel-induced neuropathy and neutropenia might be linked to inherited variants of ABCB1 through a mechanism that is unrelated to altered plasma pharmacokinetics. WG-PGX — 43

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1) Pharmacogenetics

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Acenocoumarol: In Bulgarian patients, the presence of CYP2C9*2 or/and CYP2C9*3 alleles, as well as the ABCB1 2677GG/3435CC haplotype were associated with low dose requirement of acenocoumarol. Acute myeloid leukaemia: 2677GG is associated with a higher probability of complete remission and three year event-free survival in acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Antiepileptic drugs: Transport of substrate rhodamine 123 and calcein-AM by human Pgp carrying 12 haplotype combinations of 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T were assayed in the absence and presence of known inhibitors and antiepileptic drugs. The inhibitory potency of the tested drugs from the doseresponse relationships was cyclosporin A > verapamil > phenytoin > carbamazepine > lamotrigine > Phenobarbital > valproic acid, levetiracetam, gabapentin. The silent polymorphisms combination (1236T-3435T) and triple haplotypes (1236T-2677A/T-3435T) resulted in profoundly less effective inhibition against substrates with significantly lower intracellular substrate concentration. These results indicate that ABCB1 polymorphisms are associated with clinical responses of antiepileptic drugs. ABCB1 polymorphisms may alter the interactions between Pgp and substrates. Functional evidence for ABCB1 haplotypes-associated epilepsy treatment responses. Brain ABCB1 mRNA and protein expression is not substantially influenced by major ABCB1 genetic variants thus explaining in part results from case-control studies obtaining lack of association of ABCB1 polymorphisms to the risk of refractory epilepsy. There is no an association between the CC genotype or C allele at the locus of C3435T in MDR1 gene and response to antiepileptic drug treatment in ethnic Han Chinese children with epilepsy. Antiretroviral therapy: ABCB1 polymorphic variants influence HIV infection progression and the therapeutic response to antiretroviral agents. In general terms, the MDR1 genotype may predict immune recovery after the initiation of antiretroviral treatment. Defective PgP expression in HIV-1 patients may increase with HIV-1 infection. The expression of PgP may serve as a surrogate marker for the progression of HIV-1 infection. Atazanavir: Atazanavir and bilirubin plasma levels significantly higher in HIV patients with 3435CC genotype. The T allele at the MDR1 C3435T and G2677T loci is not associated with higher atazanavir or lopinavir trough concentrations. Breast cancer: 3435TT genotype predicts response to preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer. ABCB1 was expressed in 98.9% of the tumor and in 97.5% of the nontumor samples. ABCB1 was downregulated in 79.5% of tumors compared with the nontumor samples. No significant correlation was observed between ABCB1 mRNA expression levels and clinical and pathological characteristics. High frequencies of the variant alleles in ABCB1 exon 12 (1236C>T, 38.3%) and exon 26 (3435C>T, 54.0%) were observed. Individuals with variant alleles in exons 12 and 26 had significantly lower ABCB1 expression levels in their tumors. SNPs in exons 12 and 26 also correlated with estrogen receptor status of patients. ABCB1 SNPs may affect function of P-glycoprotein by influencing the expression level and modify breast cancer prognosis. Carcinoma: 3435TT genotypes are significantly associated with no or low ABCB1 expression in carcinoma cell lines. Colorectal cancer: Altered expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the multidrug resistance (MDR1/ABCB1) gene, as well as somatic mutations and hypermethylation in the MDR1/ABCB1 gene, were identified in a proportion of previously untreated colorectal cancers (CRC) exhibiting high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), which suggested that MDR1/ABCB1 acts as a candidate gene contributing to the initiation and progression of MSI-H tumors. Germline functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the MDR1/ABCB1 gene can contribute to genetic risk or increase susceptibility to MSI-H cancers. Carriers of the T/T genotype in exon 12 (1236 C-->T) SNP and the T/T genotype in exon 21 (2677G-->T) SNP are most significantly associated with a higher risk for developing MSI-H CRC compared to controls. The most significant MSI-H-associated risk haplotypes include the most frequent haplotype H1 (T-C-T-T) defined by SNPs in exon 12, intron 13 (rs2235035), exon 21, and exon 26. Corticoids: Corticoids are PgP substrates, and MDR1 variants may account for the response of inflammatory bowel disease patients to glucocorticoid therapy. Cyclosporine A: The TT genotype of exon 21 MDR1 polymorphisms is associated with a higher risk of Cyclosporine A failure in patients with steroid resistant ulcerative colitis. In European liver transplant patients receiving stable, weight-adjusted cyclosporine therapy, TT patients had higher concentration/dose ratios than wild-type patients. In African-American patients, in whom the C allele is more prevalent, there is an increased risk of experiencing lower plasma drug levels with standard dosing of cyclosporine A with the consequent increase rate of renal graft failure. ABCB1 genotype may account for 40-50% interindividual variability of drug clearance. Depression: The frequency of MDR1 mutant alleles at -1517, -41 and -129 in patients with mood disorders is significantly lower (2.4, 5.6, 2.4%, respectively) than those of controls (7.8, 13.7, 7.8%, respectively). The frequencies of MDR1 2677 G/A and A/A genotype in mood disorders is significantly higher (17.7, 6.5%, respectively) than controls (11.2, 0%, respectively). The 2677A allele frequency in mood disorders (20.2%) is significantly higher than controls (10.9%). Haplotype of 1292677-3435 (T-A-C) in mood disorders was significantly higher (14.4%) than controls (8.0%). Polymorphisms in the drug transporter gene ABCB1 predict antidepressant treatment response in depression. Digoxine: 2677T (Ser893) has been associated with increased efflux of digoxin in vitro. In vitro expression of MDR1 encoding Ala893 (MDR1*1 ) or a site-directed Ser893 mutation (MDR1*2 ) indicated enhanced efflux of digoxin by cells expressing the MDR1-Ser893 variant. 3435TT genotypes have higher plasma levels and lower intestinal expression. 3435TT genotypes have less duodenal absorption. No influence of ABCB1 2677G > A,T and C3435C > T polymorphisms on digoxin concentration are noted. Although some studies have shown that digoxin pharmacokinetics might be affected by ABCB1 genetic polymorphism, those modest changes are probably clinically irrelevant, and digoxin dose adjustment should include P-gp inhibitor co-administration rather than ABCB1 genotyping. Carriers of two T alleles for the C3435T polymorphism in exon 26 of MDR1 tend to have a lower apparent volume of distribution than carriers of a C allele. ABCB1 1236C-->T, 2677G-->T, and 3435C-->T variants and the associated TTT haplotype were associated with higher digoxin serum concentrations in a cohort of elderly European digoxin users in the general population. Doxorubicin: Asian patients homozygous for the CC-GG-CC genotype had significantly lower doxorubicin exposure levels compared to the patients who had CT-GT-CT and TT-TT-TT genotypes. Significantly increased clearance of doxorubicin was also observed in patients harboring CC-GGCC genotypes when compared to patients harboring the CT-GT-CT genotype. Patients harboring the CC-GG-CC genotypes had significantly lower peak plasma concentrations of doxorubicinol compared to patients who had TT-TT-TT genotypes. The allelic frequency of the ABCB1 c.1236T, c.2677T, c.2677A, and c.3435T variants were 60%, 38%, 7%, and 22%, respectively, in Singapore patients. Ebastine: Gender and the presence of the MDR1(C3435T) polymorphism both influence the excretion of ebastine metabolites in urine. 44 — WG-PGX

Efavirenz: 3435TT genotypes are associated with decreased virologic failure but not plasma concentration. Epilepsy: 3435CC genotypes are significantly associated with drug-resistant epilepsy. Fentanyl: In Koreans, patients carrying the linked 3435T and 2677T alleles show a significant difference in the level of respiratory suppression after fentanyl administration; those with genotypes susceptible to fentanyl (1236TT, 2677TT, and 3435TT) show early (2-3 min) and profound suppression of respiration (65-73% of initial respiration rate) compared with other resistant genotypes (83-85% of initial respiration rate in 1236CC, 2677GG, and 3435CC). Fexofenadine: 2677T allele is associated with decreased fexofenadine AUC (area under the curve). In vivo functional relevance of this SNP was assessed with the known P-glycoprotein drug substrate fexofenadine as a probe of the transporter’s activity. In humans, MDR1*1 and MDR1*2 variants were associated with differences in fexofenadine levels, consistent with the in vitro data, with the area under the plasma level-time curve being almost 40% greater in the *1/*1 genotype compared with the *2/*2 and the *1/*2 heterozygotes having an intermediate value, suggesting enhanced in vivo P-glycoprotein activity among subjects with the MDR1*2 allele. Thus allelic variation in MDR1 is more common than previously recognized and involves multiple SNPs whose allelic frequencies vary between populations, and some of these SNPs are associated with altered P-glycoprotein function. Fluvoxamine: In Japanese patients, fluvoxamine concentration-to-dose ratio is significantly higher in the TT carriers as compared with CC carriers and in patients with the CT + TT genotype than in cases with the CC genotype group at the 200 mg/d dose but not with lower doses, suggesting that pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine depend on ABCB1 gene polymorphism only at a high dose. Gabapentine: In Korean patients treated with gabapentin there is a trend toward higher values of the absorptive phase characterized by the AUC(0-1h) and AUC(0-1.5h) in 2677T/A subjects, suggesting that gabapentin may be a weak substrate for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter. Heart transplantation: 2677GG genotype is associated with slower steroid weaning after heart transplantation. 3435CC genotype predicts longer steroid treatment in pediatric heart transplant patients. HIV. HIV+ patients with 3435TT genotype have a greater rise in CD4 cell count after six months on EFV or NFV treatment. Kidney transplantation: Renal transplant outcomes exhibit large inter-individual variability, possibly on account of genetic variation in immune-response mediators and genes influencing the pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants. Four polymorphisms were significantly associated with biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR). The ABCB1 2677T allele tripled the odds of developing BPAR, as did the presence of at least one IMPDH2 3757C allele. BPAR was almost fivefold more likely in patients homozygous for IL-10-592A and twice as likely in patients with at least one A allele of TNF-alpha G-308A. Imatinib: A fivefold variation in estimated imatinib clearance (CL/F) is present on day 1 and mean CL/F falls by 26% at steady state. This reduction in imatinib CL/F is associated with ABCB1 genotype, being least apparent in thymidine homozygotes at the 1236T>C, 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T loci. Toxicity-related dose reduction also tends to be less common in these individuals. ABCB1 genotype is associated with steady-state CL/F due to an apparent genotype-specific influence of imatinib on elimination. Irinotecan: 1236TT homozygous cancer patients had increased exposure to irinotecan and its metabolite SN-38. Lansoprazol: (R)-lansoprazole concentrations significantly increased in CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers with the ABCB1 C3435T C allele, but not TT genotype, after renal transplantation. Peptic ulcer disease is a common complication after organ transplantation, and long-term administration of antiulcer agents is needed in many renal transplant recipients. Although several drug interactions with mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of the prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), have been reported, little is known about the interaction between MPA and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). In recipients having the CYP2C19 *1/*2+*1/*3 or MDR1 C3435T CC genotype, the mean dose-adjusted AUC0-12 of MPA with 30 mg lansoprazole was significantly smaller than that with 10 mg rabeprazole or without PPI. The plasma concentration of MPA was influenced by 30 mg lansoprazole but not 10 mg rabeprazole. Because of the greater gastric acid secretion-inhibitory effect of 30 mg lansoprazole in recipients having the CYP2C19 *1/*2+*1/*3 (intermediate metabolizer) or MDR1 C3435T CC genotype, the elution and hydrolysis of MMF might be decreased. Although the clinical relevance might be minor, the fact that administration of 30 mg lansoprazole in patients having the CYP2C19 *2 or *3 allele or the MDR1 C3435T CC genotype diminishes the absorption of MPA in the maintenance stage after renal transplantation should be taken into consideration with regard to the MPA pharmacokinetics. Leukaemia: 3435 genotype is not a risk factor for osteonecrosis of the hip among children with leukemia. Pgp protein expression and function and G1199A, G2677T, and C3435T polymorphisms in the encoding gene ABCB1. The genetic polymorphism 3435TT (which results in unstable mRNA) has a significant effect on Pgp expression, but this is only seen in approximately 40% of cases in which mRNA and protein are detectable. Moreover, leukemia-specific factors, such as low WBC count and poor risk cytogenetics, have a much greater effect than genetic polymorphisms on Pgp expression in AML blasts. Lopinavir: The T allele at the MDR1 C3435T and G2677T loci is not associated with higher atazanavir or lopinavir trough concentrations. Malaria: Artemisinin-based combination therapy is a main strategy for malaria control in Africa. The investigation of CYP2B6 (G15631T), CYP3A4 (A-392G), CYP3A5 (A6986G, G14690A, 27131-132 insT, C3699T) SNPs and MDR1 SNPs C3435T, G2677T/A, and T-129C in East Africa showed homozygous subjects for alleles coding for low activity proteins were found at the following frequencies: 1) MDR1: 2.9%; 2) CYP2B6: 9.7%; 3) CYP3A5: 14.1%; and 4) CYP3A4: 49.5%. A new MDR1 SNP was found (T-158C), located in a putative antigen recognition element.Ten (10.1%) subjects were predicted to be low metabolizers simultaneously for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. This fraction of the population is suggested to be under higher exposure to certain antimalarials, including lumefantrine and quinine. Methadone: ABCB1 3435TT carriers show lower trough (R,S)-methadone plasma levels (2.7 and 3.4 ng/mL . mg for 3435TT and 3435CC carriers, respectively). ABCB1 (MDR1) Genetic Variants are Associated with Methadone Doses Required for Effective Treatment of Heroin Dependence. Methadone is a mu-opioid receptor agonist used for treating opiate dependence. The range of effective methadone doses is broad. Part of the large inter-individual variability in efficacy may be accounted for by genetic factors. Methadone is a substrate of the transporter P-glycoprotein 170 (P-gp) that is encoded by the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene. Thus P-gp variants may play a role in methadone absorption and distribution. There are significant differences in genotype frequencies between the “higher” (>150 mg/day) and “lower” (</=150 mg/day) methadone dose groups for SNP 1236C>T (rs1128503). Individuals bearing the 3- locus genotype pattern TT-TT-TT (rs1045642, rs2032582 and rs1128503) have an approximately 5-fold chance of requiring the “higher” methadone dose, while individuals heterozygous for these three SNPs have an approximately 3-fold chance of stabilizing at the “lower” methadone dose. Specific ABCB1 variants may have clinical relevance by influencing the methadone dose required to prevent withdrawal symptoms and relapse in patients with heroin dependence.

ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1) Methotrexate: ABCB1 3435TT carriers are poorer responders than 3435CC patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. Genetic assessment of ABCB1 C3435T can be useful to determine methotrexate sensitivity for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1), C1 (ABCC1), C2 (ABCC2), folylpolyglutamyl synthase (FPGS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) polymorphic variants have been analyzed in Caucasian Americans and African Americans with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate (MTX). Four of 25 variants displayed significant associations with MTX toxicity in the training cohort. The intronic SNP ABCC2 IVS 23+56 T --> C was associated with alopecia in Caucasians. ABCB1 1236 C --> T was associated with overall toxicity; ABCC2 1249 G --> A with gastrointestinal toxicity; and ABCC2 1058 G --> A with hepatotoxicity in African Americans. Morphine: COMT and MDR-1 genotypes were correlated with morphine-related central side effects. Genetic variation in the multidrug resistance-1 gene (MDR-1) was associated with moderate or severe drowsiness and confusion or hallucinations. Patients who carried the common guanosine (G) allele at position 2677 in exon 26 were less likely to experience drowsiness and confusion or hallucinations than patients who carried the variant thymidine or adenosine alleles, which code for alternate amino-acid substitutions. In addition, genetic variation in the catechol-O-methyltansferase (COMT) enzyme was associated independently with these central side effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in intron 1 were associated significantly with central side effects; the most significant was at position -4873G. SNPs in intron 1, defined as haplotype, were present in 10.4% of the population and were associated significantly with central side effects. Genotype data did not correlate with morphine dose or serum morphine or metabolite concentrations. Nelfinavir: 3435TT genotypes have higher intracellular concentration in lymphocyte cell lines. Nortriptyline: PgP regulates the passage of different substances across the blood-brain barrier. Patients harbouring the 3435C/T polymorphism are more prone to suffer postural hypotension when treated with nortriptyline. The 3435T/T genotype may be a risk factor for nortrityline-induced postural hypotension. Obesity: The 2677G --> A/T polymorphism (rs2032582) of the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 1 gene (ABCB1) was significantly associated with obesity in the Japanese population. Olanzapine: Association between MDR1 exon 21 G2677T genotypes and response to olanzapine in schizophrenics patients, with T allele and TT genotype being associated with significantly better treatment response. A borderline, non-significant statistical association was found between MDR1 exon 26 C3435T genotypes and treatment response, with TT genotype being associated with better treatment response. Paclitaxel: Overexpression of PgP may be associated with resistance to paclitaxel. Phenytoin: Phenytoin plasma levels correlate with the ABCB1-C3435T polymorphism associated with intestinal PgP activity. The CC genotype is more common in patients with low phenytoin levels. Phenobarbital: Patients with different C3435T polymorphism had significantly different CSF Phenobarbital (PB) concentrations and CSF/S PB concentration ratio. In comparison with CT heterozygotes and TT homozygotes, CC homozygotes had a significantly lower CSF PB concentration and CSF/PB concentration ratio. G2677T/A polymorphism showed no such effect. CC genotype and low CSF/S PB concentration ratio correlated with increased seizure frequency. C3435T polymorphism of ABCB1 gene was demonstrated in vivo to significantly influence the CSF/S PB concentration ratio and seizure frequency. Protease inhibitors: Marginal association with CD4 cell recovery after protease inhibitor treatment. Rho123: 3435TT genotypes have decreased transport in CD56+ cells. 3435CC genotypes have higher transport and higher P-gp expression in CD56+ cells. Ritonavir: No genotype effect on trough levels or PK in HIV+ patients. 2677 genotype is not associated with altered function or expression in lymphocytes in patients with AML. Saquinavir: No correlation is observed between the ABCB1 C3435T, G2677T/A, and C1236T polymorphisms, separately and in haplotypes, with saquinavir pharmacokinetics, administered with or without ritonavir and with PBMC P-gp expression and activity, suggesting that the ABCB1 polymorphism has no pronounced effect on saquinavir exposure. Statins: ABCB1 haplotypes differentially affect the pharmacokinetics of the acid and lactone forms of simvastatin and atorvastatin in healthy Finnish volunteers. The frequencies of occurrence of haplotypes c.1236T-c.2677T-c.3435T and c.1236C-c.2677G-c.3435C were 42.7 and 34.4%, respectively. The simvastatin acid AUC(0-12 h) was 60% larger, the atorvastatin AUC(0-infinity) 55% larger, and the atorvastatin half-life 24% longer in subjects with the ABCB1 TTT/TTT genotype than in those with the CGC/CGC genotype, but there were no differences between the two genotypes with respect to the pharmacokinetics of the lactones of these drugs. Females carrying one or two copies of the 3435T variant allele show greater reductions in both total and LDL cholesterol and smaller increase in HDL cholesterol compared to wild-type homozygotes. Haplotype analysis confirmed the gender-specific response, showing a significantly lower druginduced cholesterol reduction in female patients homozygous for the GC haplotype, independent of individual polymorphism alone. ABCA1 variants may be predictors of cholesterol changes with atorvastatin. Tacrolimus: 2677A/T genotype is a positive predictor of tacrolimus neurotoxicity in liver transplant patients. No 2677 genotype effect on tacrolimus exposure in adult lung transplant patients. 3435TT genotypes have higher dose/concentration ratio of tacrolimus in renal transplant patients. No 3435 genotype effect on tacrolimus exposure in adult lung transplant patients.

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appendix

international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision (2007)