Work Samples
- Design Research - Material Research - Teaching
2-17. 18-35. 36-41.
title: Agent Based Form Finding location: Los Angeles / USA collaboration: David J Gerber/ Alan Wang platforms:Java,Rhino/ Grasshoper,Python, Karamba LadyBug, HoneyBee,Kangaroo
kind: MAS / Form Finding & Digital Fabrication size: < 500m date: Summer 2016 status: Ongoing
D es n ig es R ea h rc .Rendering of generated form found shell
description(abstract): This work explores structural form behavior. While the work intentionally privileges design intricacy finding through the implementation of behavorial based strategies and Multi Agent Systems. The objective is to facilitate the design generation, analysis, and construction of complex shell structures using large scale additive manufacturing (contour crafting). A computational design methodology is proposed where a given design brief (i.e. pavilion design) is decomposed into design requirements and a series of performance based criteria including: a) the structural logic of the reciprocal frame b) a shading strategy and c) building constraints and cost of robotic construction (additive manufacturing). Through the implementation of a multi-agent system, design requirements are formulated into different agencies (i.e. generative, structural, materialization) and behavioral form finding is explored. Material and fabrication constraints, which relate to large scale additive manufacturing of concrete are modelled into the agent
and the investigation of non-linear design techniques it also aims to couple such generative approaches with numerical and analytical data for improving the design outcomes. The use interactive optimization and algorithms, such as mesh relaxation and ant colony optimization, enable the designer to: a) formulate the objective functions, b) run a desired number of iterations, c) evaluate design outcomes both qualitatively and quantitatively, d) adjust the design parameter range according to her objectives and d) reinitiate the optimization routine. Thus, not only the capability of the MAS is investigated to not only manage design complexity but to also equally generate non-deterministic design outcomes.
Computation
Brief Problem Decomposition
Requirements
MAS System
Generation
Form Finding
Discrete Element Analysis
Analysis
Simulation
Designer
Input AreaFootprint
Materialization
Solar Radiation Analysis on Shell
Fabrication
Optimization
Solar Radiation Analysis below Shell
Improved Outcome
30m
A1 B 1
30m
80% Covered
A0
Footprint Program Req. Location /Orientation
B0
5
1
3
Structural System
Global & Local Agent Environment
e.g. : Reciprocal Frame
6
10 Physical Cosntruction
Agent Based Structrural Behavior -Follow reciprocal elementsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lines
Loads & Supports
-Brace with neighboring elements close to engagement point
Desired Light Levels
-Converge in areas with high stress & moments
Material Economy
-Avoid area with specific (defined by the designer) light radiation
0
7
Legend Data Passing between components Feedback Loop Design Agencies Mas System
Formwork Assembly
Topology
-MeshFaces -Reciprocal lines -Applied forces -Flow Lines
Voxelization
Physical Prototyping:
2
4
8
9
e.g.: Reciprocal Unit n=3
11
Large Scale Additive Manufacturing by Contour Crafting
.Workflow diagram and image references of the stuctural principle
Design Steps 1460.36<=
207.81
0.0
-190.44
<=-369.2
1. Set Global conditions
6. Apply Reciprocal Frames
2. Form Find Geometry
7. Iterative Relaxation of Reciprocal Frames (local)
3.Apply Stress Analysis
8. Generate Local Geometry (unit)
4. Apply Daylight Radiation Anaylsis
9. Generate Global Geometry (shell)
5.Stellate Mesh (based on Radiation Analysis)
10. Analysis Below The Shell
.Diagram illustrating the design steps,subsequent analysis and generated shells
Case 1_A: edd0a1225e3cf5ae11f9a42464d8fd78
case 2_A: d53cdabfd877b1b299d90b592d24dccf
case 2_B:
9cee02250cf5aa87edc3de8b802cd575
Case 1_B: edd0a1225e3cf5ae11f9a42464d8fd78
case 2_B: d53cdabfd877b1b299d90b592d24dccf
case 2_A:
9cee02250cf5aa87edc3de8b802cd575
Case 1_C: edd0a1225e3cf5ae11f9a42464d8fd78
case 2_C: d53cdabfd877b1b299d90b592d24dccf
case 2_C: 9cee02250cf5aa87edc3de8b802cd575
Case 1_D: : edd0a1225e3cf5ae11f9a42464d8fd78
case 2_D: d53cdabfd877b1b299d90b592d24dccf
case 2_D:
A.N Reciprocal elements (kit of parts)
N Design Outcomes
B. Formwork: Assembly of a reciprocal structure with N elements (Multiple Configurations)
C. Robotic Additive Manufacturing (i.e. Contour Crafting) of cementitious material on top formwork
9cee02250cf5aa87edc3de8b802cd575
D. Final Outcome: Self Supported Structure (removal of formwork)
title: Agent Based Facade Exploration location: Los Angeles/ USA collaboration: David J Gerber, Alan Wang platforms:Java,Rhino/ Grasshoper,Python,LadyBug, HoneyBee,Kangaroo
kind: MAS / Facade Design size: < 500m date: Spring 2015 status: Ongoing
description(abstract): This research project focuses on the development, applicability, and evaluation of a multiagent systems (MAS) approach for facade design. A design methodology is proposed and tested through the implementation of a computational workflow which combines bespoke generative agent based modelling techniques with numerical (environmental) analysis. The methodology is applied for the generation of facade panels on office buildings. Through the use of the MAS, a large solution space of faรงade designs are generated and ranked in an automated fashion for their improvement in their affect on lighting distribution, intensity, and efficiency. The designer describes the component, generation rules and deisgn objectives and the system generates deisgn
alternatives and provides feedback for the design performance of each alternative. Through an case study of an office building in Los Angeles, facade design are generated and analyzed environmentally and different heuristic and optimization functions are investigated in order to drive the generative tool towards meainingfull design solutions The aim of the research is to enable designers explore larger solution spaces and articulate the benefits of highly intricate geometry as not only a feasible but as well potentially more optimal approach within contemporary architectural discourse and production.
1) MAS ENVIRONMENT
3) 3D ENVIRONMENT
Coordination Agent
DESIGN TEAM
geometry
5) USER PREFERENCES
geometry
f) preferences
2) GUI ENVIRONMENT
d)
parameters
n)
g) write
USER (Building Occupant)
e) h)
Facade Panel Agent a)
parameters (.xml) geometry (.3dm)
b)
c)
update
i)
update
CDA Agent UPA Agent DFA Agent
LEGEND
data (.txt)
j)
UDI Agent
l)
Arrow indicates Primary Loop
k)
Arrow indicates Feedback Loop Arrow indicates Data Loop
m)
Software Platform
4) ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENT
Goups of Integrated Software Environments
a) Oracle Java 7.0 Environment b) Processing Integrated Development Environment (IDE) c) IGeo NURBS library d) Python (IronPython, RhinoPython) e) Extensible Markup Language, f) Rhinoceros 3d: Nurbs modeling software g) Grasshopper (GHX): Visual script editor plugin for Rhinoceros , h) Ladybug: Enviromental Analysis plugin for GHX i) Honeybee: Enviromental Analysis plugin for GHX, j) Daysim: Radiance-Based Energy Analysis Software (Stand-alone) k) Energy Plus: Building Simulation Software (Stand-alone), l) Radiance: Raytracing Software System (Stand-alone) m) Open Studio: Building Energy Modeling Software (Stand-alone), n) Occulus Rift: Virtual Reality Head Display
Design System Setup (above) , Design parameters (left) and Performed Environmental Analyses (right)
(C) (A) (A) Context: Typical multi-user Office Space in a multistorey commercial building (B) Abstraction: Agent as a facade panel
(D)
(B)
- turning left - straight - turning right
(C) Design Behavior: Each Agent transforms the panel in order to fullfill specific goals (design requirements) (D) Solar Radiation i.e.: Annual Daylight Factor Aanlysis informs the agent behavior
folding-tiling Wiring-energy grouping .Diagram ofpattern/ the Experimental Design Setup
43
lux 850.00 <= 780.00 710.00 640.00 570.00
62
500.00 430.00 360.00 290.00 220.00 <= 150.00
Average LuxValue: 379.24
Facade Surface to Panelize
Analysis Surface DayLight (Radiation) Analysis (DLA)
Lux
Geometry ID: 25a2bf474b8d41c66258a90133973d5e
5000.00 4500.00
Continuous Daylight Autonomy (CDA)
% 100.00
Useful Daylight Autonomy (UDI)
Lux 800.00
90.00
750.00
4000.00
80.00
700.00
3500.00
70.00
650.00
3000.00
60.00
600.00
2500.00
50.00
550.00
2000.00
40.00
500.00
1500.00
30.00
450.00
1000.00
20.00
400.00
500.00
10.00
350.00
0.00
0.00
300.00
Geometry ID: e98354216fb372101822258eb61802ee
Geometry ID: e0b8c60c4e2a613d8d7a42eb532bd0aa
Geometry ID: ad958af66ddb3a1b2054a6bee418ebca
Pareto Front (CDA vs UDI)
0.65
Design Iteration
0.60
0.55
Average UDI (%)
0.50
0.45
Geometry ID: 51b753d7abac1b0278ce91a856e50a6b
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
Geometry ID:0f23267efde530cd9237ef75fc29cdf0
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
Average CDAshowing (%) .Generated facade designs and plot the pareto front of the solution space
title: Swarm Scapes location: CAAD, ETH Zurich/ CH supervision: Hovestadt L., Brunier K. platforms: Processing / Rhino
kind: MAS / Generative Design size: <1000 sqm date: Spring 2012 status: In progress/ Research
*video link: http://vimeo.com/album/1852246/video/39043801
description: Swarm scapes is a project that was developed within a 4 week programming (Processing) module on swarm intelligence algorithms. Its point of origin lies in the belief that we should no longer think in terms of individual elements but rather look into their properties and base our organizational scheme on one comprehensive gesture which incorporates diversity. In this study swarming behaviors are implemented in order to investigate the possibilities of a more fluent, bottom-up approach towards architectural structures. The swarm/flock is a field phenomenon, defined by precise and simple local conditions and is relatively indifferent to the overall form and extent. A small flock and a large flock
are characterized by the same fundamental structure. Variations and obstacles in the environment are accommodated by flow adjustments. Flock behavior eventually converges towards roughly similar configurations, not in terms of fixed type, but as a cumulative result of localized behavioral patterns. The rehabilitation of the volume of a quarried landscape is adopted as a case study herein. A specific quarry site forms the swarmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s environment and is imported in the form of a point cloud. By switching between different scales, various spatial effects and assemblages can be quickly and comprehensively examined.
.Snapshots (Processing) of the flocking process on site in different scales&views(top&front)
grey points: topography of a quarry improted as a point cloud green dots: the agentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; motion traces
red lines: secondary connection depending on the angle between the primary connections and the newly added elements yellow lines: primary connections between agents and the environemnt based on the maximum distance and angle of connection yellow dots: levels where agents are triggered to form primary connections
.Agent design Framework diagram
.Perspective section of the agrregate structure
.perspective view riverfront-stripe .Perspective view of of thethe aggegate structure
title: Tetra Forming location: Los Angeles / CA collaboration: Heydarian A., Tian Ye platforms: Unity, Javascript, Occulus Rift
*video link: https://vimeo.com/94671913
kind: Game Design- Immersive Virtual Environment size: <10 sqm date: Spring 2014 status: In progress
.Rendering of user generated aggregation
description(abstract): Tetra Forming is a study on combining the notion of world building with the world of gaming and the concept of computational design and digital fabrication in architecture. Worldbuilding or conworlding is the process of constructing a fictitious world, sometimes associated with a whole fictional universe, it is a metaphoric vehicle that allows us to imagine a set of problems and contextualize them within a worldview. We investigate this topic as a potential empowering tool that can provide us with a new set of tools and skills to contextualize and tackle design problems. Therefore we use it as metaphor to create the design space upon which we develop a non linear computational design scenario. This approach combines gaming theory (Game of Life), with basic tectonic and geometric principles as well as the real
time user experience via Immersive Virtual Environments (IVE). Inspired by natural phenomena such as termites and their building activities, as well as technological advancements in digital fabrication and material science this project describes a ubiquitous game that speculates on a distributed construction system in which robots and people cooperate to build 3D structures much larger than themselves in order to expand the territory of an fictitious island located in the pacific ocean. The project is developed in Unity using javascript, can be played in VR using a headmounted display and offers the functionality to directly export the geometry the user creates
game design: rilao
.computation .symbolism .iconography .metaphor
b) An initial grid of tetrahedra is created on the selected site
method
c) Players are setting the initial state of each element and the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Game of Lifeâ&#x20AC;? is triggered. The evolution of the game on the grid is purely determined by the initial state and the rules relating to the neighbouring cells
story environment .urban space .architecture
.cultural contex t .landscape
S y m m e try pl anes of 1 c omp o n e n t th e b a s ic c om ponent ( t e t ra h e d ron)
a) The user/player selects an area on the Rilao coast that is suitable for terraforming
actor
user/player avatar citizen
2 co mp o n e n ts
d) Users as Industrial robots are moving around the grid building assemblies by actuating the cells that survive new components are placed when the robotâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s laser beam scans an exposed face of either the CA cells or the newly add ones
3 components
n components
.Game design setup and aggreagation rules
PRIMITIVE
TYPE
BRIDGE STRUCTURE PLAYER
BUILDER
Mc Dowell A
KUKA
LOCATION
RILAO LEVEL 1 DATE-TIME
POINTS
09.2014 / 15 min
10
SCALE
Urban/Building/Object TOP VIEW
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
.Image of the developed GUI
.Snapshot of the game GUI
.Photo of a user playing Tetra Forming using Occulus Rift Headset
.3d Printed Physical model of a userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gameplay.
.Diagram showing the aggreagation of geometry from the CA grid (left) and rendering of the generated geometry (right)
title: New View Pavilion location: Athens / Greece collaboration: Iason Pantazis / IKEA platforms:Processing,Rhino/ Grasshoper,AlphaCam
*video link: https://vimeo.com/98261536
kind: Pavilion/ Form Finding & Digital Fabrication size: < 50m date: Summer 2014 status: Completed
M lR ia er at h rc ea es .Photo of the pavilion at â&#x20AC;&#x153;Romantsoâ&#x20AC;? rooftop
description(abstract): New View, is a research pavilion which structure in 1:1 scale. The structure is comprised of custom demonstrates the combination of a structural form finding method, with an agent based design system through the digital fabrication processes. The focus of this research is to test a design to production workflow which integrates material and construction constraints of a specific structural system early in the design process. Moreover it is investigated how such constraints can be described computationally and translated into design drivers. The objective is to enable designers to deal with geometric complexity while taking into consideration design performance feedback and material constraints. Material properties and assembly methods are integrated into a digital design and simulation workflow that enables emergent patterns to influence the performance of the form found shell. The approach is tested through a prototype of a self standing canopy
produced panels from curved plywood which are interlocking without any additionall joinery. The pavilion manifests results in form finding, generative patterning, and digital fabrication affordances and sets an agenda for next steps in the use of agent based models for design purposes.
FORMFORCES GENERATION
STRUCTURAL FORM GENERATION SYSTEM FORM GENERATION
PARTICLE-SYSTEM
SUPPORT CONDITIONS RECIPROCAL FRAME
SURFACE GENERATION STRUCTUREâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOTPRINT
CURVED PLYWOOD
MATERIAL
ENVIRONMENT-CONSTRAINTS
AGENT BASED SYSTEM
COST SURFACE DOMAIN
AREA TO BE COVERED
TOPOLOGY
MATERIAL SYSTEM
local maximum selection
MATERIAL / Curved Plywood EVALUATION ORIENTATION/TOPOGRAPHY
attraction
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM
MOTION CONSTRAINT
PERMEABILITY
AGENT
establish perforations
ANALYSIS Alignment Cohesion
SUN RADIATION ANALYSIS
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS Swarm of AGENTS
Trail
Stigmergy
Separation Scoring
.Workflow diagram and image references of the stuctural principle
Support conditions
Covered area Gravitional forces & Applied loads
Shell Surface (mirrored model)
Particle spring system
Particle-Spring sytem (shell surface) in equilibrium
Form finding process
iso-curves
Curvature Analysis for different load cases and rest length parameters
.Form finding diagram and Curvature analysis of the resulting surfaces
Radiation Analysis / ATHENS_GRC 30 MAY 6:00 - 31 AUG 24:00 kWh/ sqm 62.92 125.84 188.96 251.68 314.59
Assembly method of two components and an arch
.Perforation pattern derived from agents motion based on sun radiation analysis agent motion towards a local maximum based on sun radiation
motion trails of agents
module milling pattern based on agentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trails
.54 sqm of plywood-148 unique panels - 24 sqm of covered space
NC code
Birch ply 1.5 mm
54 sqm of plywood / 148 unique modules
<PANEL C.nc> N10 M6 T20 N11 M3S18000 N12 G5.1 Q1 R1 N13 G53 Z[#SAFEZ] N14 G53 B[#QB] C[#QC] N15 G1X-1341.921Y-1345.511Z939.5C0B0F90000 N16 G1X-1341.921Y-1345.511Z205.98C0B0F90000 N17 D[#RD]H[#RD] N18 G43.4 N19 G0 X-1341.921 Y-1345.511 N20 Z30 N21 G1 Z7 F9000 N22 X-1350.058 Y-1345.796 F12000 N23 X-1350.483 Y-1345.831 N24 X-1350.681 Y-1345.852 N25 X-1350.868 Y-1345.877 N26 X-1351.043 Y-1345.905 N27 X-1351.127 Y-1345.921 N28 X-1351.208 Y-1345.938 N29 X-1351.285 Y-1345.956
24 sqm covered area
UPM GRADA film glue 0 .5 mm
Birch ply 1.5 mm
150 Degrees C/3 min
Material processing (7.5mm Plywood panel)
Nesting in panels of variable size (5 sizes)
CNC milling
Heating of cut piece
Thermo-Forming in press mold
.Fabrication method diagram: material composition-> panel nesting -> CNC milling -> heating -> thermoforming in mold
kWh/m2 249.35 22.42 199.48 174.55 149.61 124.67 99.74 74.81 49.87 0.00 Sun Radiation analysis ATHENS_GRC
.Top view rendering of the pavilion
. Agent motion paths as perforation pattern based on sun analysis
.Detail photo of the structure
.Detail photo of the structure
.Photo of the pavilion assembled in Athens
.Photo of the panelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s thermoforming process
.Photo of the panelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s thermoforming process
.CNC milling of the panels using a 5 axis machine
.CAM Interface and G-Code generation for the milling process.
title: Meta Predictive Modelling location: Zurich / Switzerland collaboration: Rohlek D., platforms: Eclipse (Java), Processing, Rhino
*video link: https://vimeo.com/85994488
kind: Design Exploration / Master Thesis size: <10 sqm date: Winter 2012/13 status: Completed
.Rendering of a eigen surface
description(abstract):
‘Meta predictive matter’ is a project that addresses the transformation of architectural ‘form’ into an ‘image’ and vice versa. The main focus lies on the interplay between the perception of space, form generation and its material manifestations and how this can inform the design process across multiple scales. The study investigates how to bring the programmability and polymorphism of digital forms into the physical world, by revising analytical design tools and matching them with computational tools for data analysis. This work emphasizes on the polysemantic nature of design, by perceiving the design process as an open field of possibilities, which can react on the multiple layers of visual images that people experience as they traverse through buildings, cities and landscapes. Key point of this investigation is the creation of an integrated design system for the development of activity based and user informed spatial configurations. In order to achieve this, an abstraction of the perceived space is performed
with the implementation of graphical maps where specific information is filtered out and fed into a digital elevation model that is simultaneously updated by performance analysis and texture-specific maps. “Meta predictive Matter” explores the ability to intuit and predict the intractable behaviors of complex design systems and their repercussions to design eventualities and their material manifestations. It particularly focused on: a) gaining insight in the intractable design relationships that cannot be modeled using conventional associative methods, b) addressing both the opportunities in concept generation as well as the challenges in the translation of design to construction, c) investigating the combination of various ways of manufacturing for the development of custom fabrication processes.
exit/entrance
INPUT : ACTIVITIES AND VIEWS OF SPACES
GENERATIVE TOOL
03
03
01
05
04 01
00
00
06
02
02
04
05
05
01 04
00
02 light
light
a.
user1: Evan activities: 00.entering 01.working 02.making coffee 03.having a meeting 04.talking 05.leaving
b.
user2: Jorge activities: 00.entering 01.working 02.making coffee 03.having a meeting 04.working 05.talking 06.leaving
user3: Ludger activities: 00.entering 01.having a meeting 02.making coffee 03.lecturing 04.skyping 05.leaving
a.
b.
DEPTH MAP
exit/entrance
03
TOPOLOGICAL MAP
eigen_CAAD_material_01: v1: 2222.2188 v2: -18222.219 v3: 3111.1094 c. d. a) View of a given space b) Floorplan with user r outes within space c) Perspective transformation diagram d) Diagram of Overlayed Viewpoints
Eigen Activty Surface 01(above) & detail of 3d print(below)
c. a) Normalization of userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s viewpoints using depthmap,b) topological mapping activities c) combination of depthmaps using PCA
Eigen Activty Surface 02(above) & 3d print model (below)
LOAD ACTIVITY MAP SAVE EIGEN SURFACE
DEPTH
GENERATIONS
EIGEN VALUE 1
TILE SIZE
EIGEN VALUE 2
ASPECT RATIO
EIGEN VALUE 3
FITNESS VALUE
EXPORT .STL
.Design operator for generating eigen surfaces using as input the depthmap of userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s views within a space and subdivision of the generated geometry into 3d printable tiles using a Genetic Algorithm
Eigen Activty Surface 03(above) & 3d print model (below)
Eigen Activty Surface 04(above) & 3d print model (below)
title: WFA/Spatial Aggregation location: DFAB,ETH Zurich/ Switzerland supervision: Gramazio F., Kohler M.,Piskorec L. platforms: Processing, Rhino , Python
*video link: http://vimeo.com/45636827
kind: Pavillion / Robotic Fabrication Workshop size: <50 sqm date: Summer 2012 status: Completed
.Photo of pavillion at ETH
description: The aim of this 4 week intensive workshop through the semester’s course “Spatial Aggregations”and was to realize in 1:1 scale a structure that leads away from was implemented within a team of approx 10 students. the conventional space frame typologies and enables a new design scope,which generates robust, inherently redundant aggregations with multiple load paths and connection opportunities. A script was developed in python where the ground surface and canopy surface are defined. The script then iteratively tiles accordingly the surface and adds columns and iterative bracings based on a user input. The structure was constrcuted with the aid of a kuka robotic arm ,which was cutting (certain lengths) and drilling (according to orientation and the neighbours) the plastic water pipes. The project was based upon previous studies and work done
.Rendering (side view) of the structure.
.Rendering (front view) of the structure.
.Robotic arm and fabrication set up.
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&* "(% %&% %!" %! "&" #%* &$% "(* &!" "&* &(#%"& !'' &#! "(! %%(%*% &'& %"% %"$ %#$ %!# &&! #$& %#" &(! &*) &#( #$$ "') "&$ () "($ !"% %&$ !%* &$' "&! "&% &$$ &)' )" $( !$' !$# #%( $%# &&* &&# #%# &(* $&" $"" !$& "#$ !%! #$% "'( )% #%) &)& "#! ""' !$" !( $&! !$* "#* #%" "#% !! #"( $' $"# $#$ "' $*" "$ $'& #!%#!! !%) $"! !$$ ""& $'% #") (! $&# !$! !$% ""$ $*) $)% $&* #!$ $$& $*# %)* $#% $"* %& $## %)) !%( "## $*( "#( (" #!* #!( ""%"#) $'' $$' "*( )' $$% $'$ $)" $)$ &% %%$ &!' "#" $#" %*( #!" %)! #!) #!# #!' *( ")% ")! &"( $)& !!$ ")$ %'* "*) #(" $)# $)' $*! #!& $$$ %)( %%% !# %%# !$ &#$ $** &## ")* &") #() "'% #&& &(& #* #) ")( #(( %#! #(# &%* %'! %$) $# %") %"( %!& #&##&) %') &*" &&& ")' ")" "'$ &! &!& #&" &%) #&' (* ")) ")# * &('%#* %%" &#%%" "'" %#)%#( %#' %!' %$( &#" &*# #&( &&% &(% #(! ")& (# #%& %#& !&" %'( "'& &%! !"& "'# "'' )& &%( $%$ &*! !&) !%% !&( $&& $"& &&' #&% &($ #&* "$& &&$ !&# *) #%' #&! #(* &** !%$ "$# !" "$) "$" !%" ##* $&% !% %( $"' #&$ "$' %(* $$( !&! #! #"' #"# (% $"% !%& !%#!%' $!$ #( "$( $&' ##! $&$ %() #"& "#& $!! $%* $"$ $*' $$) $!% %' %)# !&* %)$ "$% $#' (& #"" $!* "$* #"* %(! "#' "$! "!* $%! %&( &"! *! $%) && $*$ %(( $*& #"$ "$$ ##) %*) $#& %)% % !!% #"! #"% "*' "*# &"" *" $!( "*& "!! ##( %&) $%( %)" %'$ #)$ $*%$!) $!# %%' !' %!( "( %!* &#' "*" $!" &$( &"# #)! #(' "** $(( ## &)* #)* %!! $$ #)% #$ &%$ %'% "!) %"* %'# %"" #'% #'! %"# "*$ &"* #(& %$# &'* &*& &%# %%& "*! "*% ($ #'$ &$) %# $() &" #($ %!) &)! %"! &#& ! "!( #)# &)) #'* &') %'" #)( %$! (' #'( !!' %$" #(% #)) &*' &%% %$* ** &%" $'( &*% #'" #'' !"' &)( *# #)" #') #'# &'( !") &'! !& %(" &*$ #'& ") %) #" !"! %)& #%
Pin Joint
$)
Slice Joint
&(
!"# &'
Milled Joint
folding-tiling Wiring-energy grouping .Floor plan of thepattern/ final assembly and joint studies. _WFA / 2012 / Spatial Aggregations
!"#$%&%'()'%&%*+,-.,/%$00120,-.345 Gramazio & Kohler, Architektur und Digital Fabrikation, ETH ZĂźrich 61,7,8.3%9%:3;/21<%$1=;.-2>-?1%?4@%A.0.-,/%#,B1.>,-.34<%CDE%FG1.=;
.Photo of the pavillion
.perspective view of.Photo the riverfront-stripe of the pavillion
INPUT : TEXTURE MAPS
a.
GENERATIVE TOOL
b.
BLENDING MAP
PCA ANALYSIS
eigen_CAAD_material_01: v1: 2222.2188 v2: -18222.219 v3: 3111.1094 c.
d.
a) Steel b) Carpet (Felt) c) Cast Concrete d)Layered CardBoard
Generated EigenTexure(above) & 3d printed material sample(below)
Implementation of Pricncipal Component Analysis Algorithm for the Image processing of multiple input images
EigenTexure 02 (above) & CNC milled material sample(below)
BLENDING MAP
SCALE
EIGEN VALUE 1 EIGEN VALUE 2 EIGEN VALUE 3 EXPORT .STL
LOAD INPUT SAVE TEXTURE MAP
Processing Applet for: a) generative synthesis of textures by adjusting Eigen values and Depth of Texture and b) Exporting 3d printable meshes
EigenTexure 03 (above) & Graded Resin material sample(below)
EigenTexure 04(above) & layered cardboard material sample(below)
title: ENLITE Sunglasses / Topotheque location: Athens / Greece supervision : Evangelos Pantazis platforms: Rhino/ Grasshoper, AlphaCam
kind: Product design / Design&Fabrication Consultant size: < 50 cm date: Summer 2013 status: Completed
description: ENΛΙΤΕ VISION assigned Topotheque (Evangelos Pantazis) to do reserach and design the production line of a series of wooden sunglasses starting from hand drawn sketches to the final product. From the beginning, the objective formed into the parameterisation of the actual 2-dimensional designs its 3d implementation in order to fit the non linear design procedure as well as the different production modules that were employed. A series of parametric models were developed in Rhino/ Grasshoper and were further adjusted for fabrication pur-
poses in Alpha Cam. A special study on material (veneer) thickness and molds was conducted to find the optimum solution for achieving the desired performance (weight-strength). The parametric model filled the gap between conception (2d sketches,drawings) and production by bridging the design decisions to CNC milling, tooling , fabrication techniques and curved plywood technology.
*video link: https://vimeo.com/120843086
.Rapid Prototyping of design alternatives
.Photo of Final Product
.Photos of the developed material process
.Prototyping with a 5-axis CNC
.Diagram showing Parametric modelling of the product,namely: Milling Simulation &Fabrication Process Planning
title: Design Agency location: Mexico City / Mexico collaboration : David Gerber platforms: Processing, Java, Rhino/ Grasshoper
kind: Computational Design Workshop size: < 50 cm date: Winter 2015 status: Completed
description: Design agency will focus on form finding of thin shells structures using agent based modelling and simulation techniques in conjunction with environmental analysis. Emphasis will be on the exploration generative bottom up design strategies in combination with a traditional building techniques, that of reciprocal frames, and the adaptation of the generated structures based on their environmental impact. During the workshop, participants will be introduced into an integrated design workflow which includes set of programming and visual scripting
and parametric tools namely: Rhinoceros 3d, Grasshopper (Ladybug, HoneyBee) and, Processing. We will be using Processing (Java) as the primary tool for simulation of (multi-agent) algorithmic design processes and Grasshopper for analyzing the designs environmentally. The goal is to introduce students in computational design and integrated design methodologies, where analytical tools can be used along with generative ones for driving the design process and improving the design outcomes.
analysis txt
B.3dm A.3dm
.3dm
.3dm
.Workshop Workflow Diagram and related platforms
h ac Te g in
.Diagram Showing the environmental aware form finding behavior
.The developed form finding applet (Java/IGEO)
.Application of structural system on generated shell
.Application of structural system on generated shell
.3d Printed model from the generated form found shells
title: Amplified Kite Workshop location: Larissa / Greece collaboration : Iason Pantazis platforms: Rhino/ Grasshoper, AlphaCam
kind: Parametric Design & Fabrication Workshop size: < 50 cm date: Summer 2016 status: Completed
description: Having as a reference previously patented designs from researchers such as A. G. Bell, the tutors will guide the participants into decomposing a given design problem and developing parametric definition of the kite which will be then used to extract information for the digital fabrication of the prototypes.The participants will get introduced in computational deisgn techniques (Rhinoceros/Grasshoppers) as well as in feasibility and materialization issues which relate to each manufacturing technique (lasercutting,3d printing). The par-
ticipants will start from studying the geometrical properties of one of the platonic solids (tetrahedron) , will then explore different aggregation alternatives of the basic geometry and will finally synthesize complex structural structures using the different instances of the unit (tetrahedron) and the joint system (Universal Joint). The goal was to develop their own prototype and assemble a flying structure which they will realize using rapid prototyping techniques.The prototypes will be tested empirically and evaluated based on the flying performance
Amplified Kite Workshop Workflow
Larisa / 10-12 June 2016
Kit
Larercutting
Module
Assembly
n Kite Assemblies
3D printing Introduction on â&#x20AC;&#x153;Flying Machinesâ&#x20AC;?
Day 01/Intro Session
Paramteric Modelling
Day 02 / Session A
Design & Prototyping
Day 02 / Session B
Fabrication & Testing
Day 03 / Session A
Final Assemby & Presentation
.Workshop Workflow Diagram Day 03 / Session B
.Testing of the developed prototypes
.Workshop Workflow Diagram
.Workshop Workflow Diagram
.Generated kit of parts for the fabrication of tetrahedral kites from 2D and 3D elements
title: ARCH590 Studio Thesis Supervision location: USC / Los Angeles / CA student: Rheseok Kim platforms: Rhino / Grasshoper/ LadyBug,Karamba
description: This Thesis explored structural form finding of large span structures and applied it for the design of a hangar. After surveying types of shell structures the student investigated the morphology of reciprocal structures on a local kevek and via a set of computational tools that were provided. Different local conditions were generated and tested both environmentally and structurally. Reciporcal frames along with a louver system was
kind: Form Finding / Structural Analysis size: <10000 sqm date: Summer 2015 status: Complete applied on global geometries in order to a traditional building system with contemporary generative and analysis tools in order enhancing differentiation. The aim was to study the system behavior of reciporcal frames and test how a traditional building system can be revised through computational tools and can be applied for the design of complex yet efficient shell structures
.Rendering of the form found hangar structure
Reciprocal Unit: Structural Parameters
Reciprocal Unit : Panelling Louver Enviromental
B
Parameters
C
Los Angeles, CA, USA May 22 5 am - June 22 8 pm Permeability 30%
H
A
R1
Louver
R2
kWh/m² 209.45<= 188.51 167.56 146.62
A2Ry (0.0N)
A2Rx (0.17N)
104.73 83.78
kWh/m² 213.06<=
62.84
191.76
20.95
41.89 <=0.00
170.45
C2Rz (2N)
149.14 127.84
A2Rz (1.0N)
106.53 85.22
viromental Parameters
s Angeles, CA, USA ay 22 5 am - June 22 8 pm rmeability 30%
125.67
Sun-analysis on Vertical Louver
Reaction Diagram
63.92
A0Ry (0.0N)
A0Rx
(-0.17N)
A0Rz (1.0N)
Stress distribution
42.61 21.31 <=0.00
Sun-analysis below Vertical Louver Stress[N/cm²] -5.14E-03 -4.49E-03 -3.85E-03 -3.21E-03 -2.57E-03 -1.93E-03 -1.28E-03 -6.42E-04 -5.33E-19 6.42E-04 1.28E-03 1.93E-03 2.57E-03 3.21E-03 3.85E-03 4.49E-03 > 5.14e-03
kWh/m² 199.24<=
kWh/m² 209.45<=
kWh/m² 209.45<=
179.32
188.51
188.51
159.39
167.56
167.56
139.47
146.62
146.62
119.54
125.67
125.67
104.73
104.73
83.78
83.78
62.84
62.84
41.89
41.89
20.95
20.95
<=0.00
<=0.00
99.62 79.70 59.77 39.85 19.92 <=0.00
.Drawings of the proposal
Parameters
Number of Sticks = 4 Surface Geometry = 2 support Reci. Section = Circle Diameter = 10 cm
Top View
Form Found Geometry
Stress Distribution Stress[N/cm²]
-3.75E+00 -3.29E+00 -2.82E+00 -2.35E+00 -1.88E+00 -1.41E+00 -9.39E-01 -4.69E-01 5.46E-16 4.79E-01 9.59E-01 1.44E+00 1.92E+00 2.40E+00 2.88E+00
Material Material = Wood (Apple) Wood Density = 660 kg/m³ Total Volume = 15.82 m³ Total Weight of Reciprocal Structure = 10,441 kg
30 meter
3.36E+00 > 3.84e+00 25 meter
Top View
Parameters
Form Found Geometry
Stress Distribution
Number of Sticks = 4 Surface Geometry = 3 support Reci. Section = Circle Diameter = 10 cm
Stress[N/cm²]
-3.34E+00 -2.92E+00 -2.51E+00 -2.09E+00 -1.67E+00 -1.25E+00 -8.35E-01 -4.18E-01 5.46E-16 4.06E-01 8.12E-01 1.22E+00 1.62E+00 2.03E+00 2.43E+00 2.84E+00 > 3.25e+00
Material Material = Wood (Apple) Wood Density = 660 kg/m³ Total Volume = 15.72 m³ Total Weight of Reciprocal Structure = 10,375 kg
29 meter
31 meter
Form Found Geometry_Upper
Parameters
Force Flow Diagram
Stress Distribution
Number of Sticks = 3 Surface Geometry = 2 supports Reci. Section = Circle Diameter = 20 cm
Stress[N/cm²]
3.35E-02 3.83E-02 4.31E-02 4.79E-02 5.27E-02 5.74E-02 6.22E-02 6.70E-02 7.18E-02 7.66E-02 8.14E-02 8.62E-02 9.10E-02 9.58E-02 1.01E-01 1.05E-01 > 1.10e-01
Material Material = Steel Steel Density = 660 kg/m³ Total Volume = 35.72 m³ Total Weight of Reciprocal Structure = 30,375 kg
.Stress Analysis of different configurations
LEVEL 2D (8.5 M)
19.5 m
LEVEL 2B (4.2 M) LEVEL 2A (2.4 M)
12 m
LEVEL 1 (0 M)
1.5 m
48 m (Secondary Service Area)
195 m (Main Service Area)
246 m 0
LEVEL 2C (6.2 M)
10
20 (M)
.Cross Section and 3d perspective of the hangar
1.5 m
*thank you for your attention
* Evangelos Pantazis 818 S. Grand Ave. Los Angeles, 90017 +2132704687 vague@topothequecom