Eve Nnaji // Architecture Works // 2019-2020 by Eve Nnaji

EVE NNAJI ARCHITECTURAL WORKS // PORTFOLIO A sample collection of design explorations produced in 2019-2020

CONTENTS

CASA MARIPOSAS

An architectural addition to an existing structure using metabolic, self-sufficient processes.

SILK STREAM

A theoretical analysis of the architecture industryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement towards biologically driven design.

PIPE STREAM

A map allocating the complexities that drive anthropocentric changes and a proposal for mitigation.

STRANGE IS BETTER

An exploration of the biological advantage of mealworms upon polystyrene and a proposal for waste elimination.

WATER FARM

A micro to macro and scientific to architectural proposal for producing and distributing fresh water.

In my graduate studies, I aim investigate the systems that sustain disconnection and to inoculate my environment with the information, experiences, and emotions I have gathered throughout my educational, professional, and observational career. I believe the information I harvest from a diverse atmosphere of advanced education cultivates the understanding of certain systematic ideologies infecting our environment. My graduate studies are the orbital circulation of ideas that will help perpetuate my agenda from theoretical practices and quite frankly, fantasies, into application, because, far too often in the present world, the representation of theoretical and advanced reasoning can exist complacently without the actual practice and implications of said reasoning in a world that begs for thoughtful action.

CASA DE LAS MARIPOSAS

METABOLIC ROOF PROPOSAL

CONCLUSION The towers of the building will be lifted with a hydraulic mechanism. As the temperature of the environment increases, the tower lifts, creating a more open air space for wind to blow through the flower space, spreading more pollen through the roof and neighboring plant systems. The sankey diagram demonstrates the process the building undergoes and the end goal. We note here that the building creates a system of biodiversity creation and sustenance in order to not only help the declining butterfly and plant species but to help the fearful and worried human species that will forever create machines both natural and unnatural for the benefit of their/our own self interests.

Metabolic Iconic Roofs studio is about the comprehension of metabolic processes and how they coexist within architecture, what are their inputs and outputs, which are their working environments and the relationship with buildings and built environment. We will learn how to be able to recognize those processes and transform energy and material into new inputs and situations that will be used as design drivers for our advanced architectural proposals. Proposals that will be able to transform pre-existing architecture and architectural spaces, society, technology and most important: citiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; natural environments and their relationship with the planet.

Render depiction of Casa Mari in 2050

TE CH

SILK STREAM

art

ART

A RTARC H mo stl y art

A os RC tly HA ar RT ch ite ct

ARC H A RT

AR CHITE

mo TEC H stl y t ART ec hn olo

T ECH N OLOGY

TECHARCH

m o s tl y te c h n o lo gy

A R CH TE CH os

e ur CH ct TE hite CH arc AR tly

ECTU RE

HART

SILK STREAM // MAPPING BIOLOGY IN ARCHITECTURE 2019 - Theoretical Map

Neri Oxman : Silk Pavilion

Neri Oxman’s Silk Pavilion was the result of a merge between several fields and their cross interests. These interested spurned out of a series of events that led researchers, computer scientists, and biologists towards a common goal; the integration of man’s creation with the processes of the natural world. This theoretical map aimed to plot the projects that led to the necessity of the Silk Pavilion.

YE A

ARC HIT E C T URE

AJ M PR EC

AR C H T E C H

YE A

B IO A R C H

YE A

SUB PROJECT

M AJ

SUB PROJECT

MAJOR PROJECT

SUB PROJECT SUB PROJECT

AJ M

YE A

SUB PROJECT PR

SUB PROJECT

M AJ

PR O

JE C

MAJOR PROJECT

T E C HNO L O GY

M AJ

PR O

JE C

B IOLOGY

AJ M PR T EC OJ

B IO T E C H

We can coordinate categories usinghexagons, following the same design that was used in the silk pavilion. This way we can now use each corner as points for major

Understanding a series Inside of diagrams washexagon the first projectsthe thatproject relate to through multiple categories. the category westep can to understanding the parameters that becategory, mapped. start to populate it with projects thatneeded fall insideto the I’veThe usedfirst silkworms diagram produced highlighted the we major components; relative projects here to identify them. Thennn can link each project and category to theirand years. their timerespective of conception. The second diagram brought to light the need to categorize each project according to type. These quadrants, Architecture, Biology, and Technology, are the major definitions.

The major sections were merged in order to create subjections that intersected in practice. The three levels (rings) of each section indicated period in which the projects originated. Level 1: 1990 - 2005 Level 2: 2006-2015

BIO TEC H

Level 3: 2017-present

mo TEC s t ly H A tec RT hn o lo g

tec lo g

b io

s t ly

CH t ar

o lo

TE CHAR T

B IOL OGY

TEC HN OLOGY

TE CH N O L O GY

A RT

TECH ARCH

ARTARCH mostly biology

mostly art

mostl y techn ology

B IOARCH

ARC HTECH

AR CHAR T

ARCHT E CH e ur

A os RC tly HA ar RT ch ite ct

e ur ct

ite

tly

A RC H I TEC TURE

CH ct TE hite CH arc AR tly s

mostl y techn ology

A RCH ITE CTU RE

FOR YOU <3

CLUSTERING OF PROJECTS er

DL AB Pr og

- 2016

AA Su m

Fibre

ARCHART

- 2018

ARCA1: Nautilus - 2007

ARCA4: M ANTA RAY - 2010

T T E R - 20 16

ARTARCH &

ARTTECH

ARCA3: DRAGONFLY - 2009

ALL 3

MI ND

ARCA2: Quetzalcoatl's Nest - 2 007

ARCA5: CORAL REEF - 2011 AT T 1

A R A 1: Ma t e r ia l To Ha r v e s t Wa t e r Na m ib De s e r t B e e t le - 2 0 1 0

AT T 1 : Mi ni m al Com pl ex i ty - 2 01 0

ARCA6: Armadillo Pavilion - 2 016 ARCA7: Oculus - 2016

M ATE R I A L E C O L O GY , M O MA E X HI B I TI O N - 2 0 19

ARCA8: Paper cocoon pavil i on - 2 016 AT T 2

AT T 2 : H OR T US Astana - 2 01 7

AT T 3

AT T 3 : 3D Pri nted Pl ant Cel l Chai r - 2 01 7

ARCA9: Rhizome House - 201 7

A R A 2: R e a d in g B e t w e e n Th e L in e s P r o je c t : A r c h it e c t u r e + A r t - 2 0 1 1

ARCA10: TOCA Pavilion - 2 016 ARCA11: PHYSALIA - 2017

A R A 3 : R e p e t it iv e A s s e m bla g e I n S a lzb u r g / Te m p o r a r y A r t P a v ilio n - 2 0 1 3

ARCA12: Adaptive pavilion - 2 01 8-19

ARCHITECTURE

ARCA13: Chrysalis Pavilion - 2 01 7 AT T 4

AT T 4: I n 2 0 Steps - 2 01 8 A1

AT T 5

A 1 : Th e E a s t g a t e d e v e lo p m e n t - 19 96

A R A 4 : L a b y r in t h o f B o o le a n Vo id s in G e n k - 2 0 1 5

TECHART

A R A 5 : P r o t e in e n g in e e r in g t o im p r o v e p la s t ic - d e g r a d in g e n zy m e s - 2 0 16

TA R 1 : Z u h a l - 2 0 14

AT T 5 : superTree - 2 01 8

A 2 : Milw a u k e e A r t Mu s e u m - 2 0 0 1 TA R 2: G e m in i A lp h a & B e t a - 2 0 14 A R A 6 : G a r g a n t u a n la c e - 2 0 1 7

AT T 6

AT T 6 : Spi der Jacket from Spi der Si l k - 2 019

A3: Kunsthaus Graz - 2003

TA R 3 : B io I r id e s c e n t S e q u in - 2 0 19

TA R 4: C a r b o n Ne g a t iv e R a in c o a t - 2 0 19 A4 AT T 7

A 4 : S e lf r id g e s De p a r t m e n t S t o r e - 2 0 0 3

A R A 7 : R h izo m e Ho u s e - 2 0 1 7

TA R 5 : P la n t a n d A lg a e T- S h ir t - 2 0 19

AT T 7 : Made by Moths - 2 019 TA R 6 : B io g a r m e n t r y - 2 0 19 A5

AT T 8

A 5 : Th e G h e r k in - 2 0 0 4

TA R 7 : Th e B r e e ze Du v e t - 2 0 19

AT T 8 : Li ve Bacteri a i n Clothi ng - 2 019 TA R 8 : S h e llw o r k s - 2 0 19

A6 A 6 : O r q u id e o r a m a B o t a n ic G a r d e n - 2 0 06

TA R 9 : Mo r p h in g U r b a n I n s t a lla t io n - 2 0 19 AT T 9

A R A 8 : C ir c u la r G a r d e n I n s t a lla t io n o f M y c e liu m - 2 0 19

A R A 9 : Th e s h a r k - 19 9 0

A R A 1 0: P e ix( F is h ) - 19 9 2 A R A 1 1: R e a d in g B e t w e e n Th e L in e s P r o je c t : Ar c h it e c t u r e + A r t - 2 0 1 1

AT T 9 : Blood Sneakers - 2 019 A7

ARA1

TA R 1 0 : B io f a b r ic Te n n is Dr e s s - 2 0 19 A 7: G r in G r in P a r k - 2 0 05

AT T 1 0

A R A 1 2 : S h a d o w P a v ilio n - 2 0 1 1 A R A 1 3: Th e F le xible / R e lo c a t a ble Ho u s e - 2 0 1 1 A R A 14: F lo ck in g B ir d s I n s t a lla t io n - 2 0 1 2

AT T 1 0 : Cow I ntesti ne Li ghts - 2 019

ARA2

A 8 : J a v ie r S e n o s ia in ’s Na u t ilu s Ho m e - 2 0 06

A R A 1 5: S t o r k Ne s t F a r m - 2 0 1 2 A R A 16 : P u blic A r t I n s t a lla t io n s f r o m Nu m e n / F o r U s e De s ig n C o lle c t iv e - 2 0 1 2

A9 A R A 1 7: B io Mo r p h ic A b s t r a c t io n s - 2 0 1 2

ARA3

A 9: B io m im e t ic m a t e r ia ls r e s e a r c h : w h a t c a n w e r e a lly le a r n f r o m n a t u r e 's s t r u c t u r a l m a t e r ia ls? - 2 0 07

A R A 1 8: S u c c u le n t His p id – R e s p o n s iv e L ig h t in g S t r u c t u r e I n s p ir e d b y P la n t s - 20 12

A10

A 1 0 : C a lif o r n ia A c a d e m y o f S c ie n c e s - 2 0 08

A R A 19 : R e p e t it iv e As s e m bla g e I n S a lzb u r g / Te m p o r a r y A r t P a v ilio n - 2 0 1 3

A11

A 1 1: S p a n is h P a v ilio n a t S h a n g a i 2 0 1 0

A12

A 1 2: E s p la n a d e – Th e a t r e s - 2 0 1 3

A13

A 1 3 : Tr e e Ho p p e r - 2 0 14

A R A 2 0 : S e e d 5 4 - 2 0 14

ARA4

A R A 2 1 : X - To w e r - 2 0 1 5

ARA5 A R A 2 2 : L a b y r in t h o f B o o le a n Vo id s in G e n k - 2 0 1 5 A R A 2 3 : G a r g a n t u a n la c e - 2 0 1 7 A R A 2 4: S e a U r c h in I n s t a lla t io n - 2 0 1 7

ARA6

ARCHTECH

ARA7

A14 AT 1

ARA8

AT 2 AT 3

AR1: Yuansu II - 2014

AR2: The Agreement - 2015

AR3 : Honey Bee Alterations - 2014

AR4: H5N8 Furniture - 2015

AT4: Sustai nabl e tower for the Tai chung Ci ty Hal l - 2 01 1

AT 6

AT6 : Li vi ng Archi tecture: Mi cro Perform ances of Bi oF abri cati on - 2 01 2

AT 7

AT7 : I CD/ I T KE Pavi l i on 2 01 2 -1 3 (Athropods)

AT 8

AT8 : T he “al gae house” - 2 01 3

AR5 : Spider Silk Cape - 2012

AR2

AT 1 0 : I CD/ I T KE Pavi l i on 2 01 3-14 (El ytra)

AT 1 1

AT 1 1 : I CD/ I T KE R esearch Pavi l i on 2 01 3-14

AT 1 2

AT 1 2 : Urban Al gae Canopy - 2 01 5

AT 1 3

AT 1 3 : UK pavi l i on - 2 01 5

AT 14

AT14: I CD/ I T KE Pavi l i on (Sea Urchi n) - 2 01 5-16

AT 1 5

AT 1 5 : R esponsi ve Landscapes - 2 016

AT 16

AT16 : Metam orphosi s : Butterfl y House - 2 016

AT 1 7

AT 1 7 : Breathe - 2 016

AT 1 8

AT 1 8: I CD/ I T KE R esearch Pavi l i on 2 016-1 7

AT 19

AT19: F ood-produci ng archi tecture pavi l i on, Chart Art F ai r - 2 01 7

AT 2 0

AT 2 0 : MAR S OF F I CE PR OJECT - 2 01 8

AT 2 2 : photo. Syntheti ca - 2 01 8

AT 2 3

AT 2 3 : H. O. R . T. U. S. X L - 2 019

AT 2 4

AT 2 4: T he Growi ng Pavi l i on - 2 019

AT27 : BUGA F i bre Pavi l i on - 2 019

AT 2 8

AT 2 8 : Cocoon Bi oF loss - 2 019

AR6 : Handmade in Hangzhou ex hibition,Triennale museum - Mil an - 2 014

AR7 : Urban Ant City - 2015

AR4 AR8 : 3B Printing Honeycomb - 2013

TECHARCH

AR5 AR9 : TRANSCENDENCE - 2014 TA1 AR6

TA1 : Grom pi es - 2 01 0

TA2

TA2: Mi crocl i m ates - 2 01 0

TA3

TA3 : Physi cs Based Generati ve D esi gn - 2 01 0

TA4

TA4: Stone Spray R obots - 2 01 2

AR7

TA5

TA5 : Scott Turner's Term i te Mounds - 2 01 2

TA6

TA6 : Al um i num Cast of Ants nest - 2 01 2

TA7 AR9 TA8 TA9 AR10 AR14 : Splice - 2009

TA1 0 TA1 1

AR1 AR15: Darwin’s Struggle: The Evolution of the Origin of Specie s - 2 009

TA7: Bi o Surfaces - Syntheti c Bi ology - 2 01 3 TA8 : F reeform R oboti c 3D Pri nti ng wi th "Undo" functi on - 2 01 3

T2: A t Ho m e in t h e U n iv e r s e :Th e S e a r c h f o r t h e L a w s o f S e lf - O r g a n iza t io n a n d C o m p le xit y - 19 96 T3 : B io m im ic r y : I n n o v a t io n I n s p ir e d b y Na t u r e - 19 97

T5: B io n ic s : B io lo g ic a l in s ig h t in t o m e c h a n ic a l d e s ig n - 19 9 9

T6 : B io n ic s v s . b io m im ic r y : f r o m c o n t r o l o f n a t u r e t o s u s t a in a ble p a r t ic ip a t io n in n a t u r e - 2 0 06

T7 : Th e G e ck o 's F o o t : B io - in s p ir a t io n : E n g in e e r in g Ne w Ma t e r ia ls f r o m Na t u r e - 2 0 06

T8 : G e n e t ic a lly Mo d if y in g Silk w o r m s - 2 0 06

T9 : B io m im e t ic s : it s p r a c t ic e a n d t h e o r y - 2 0 06

AR16: Honeycomb sculptures - 2013 AR17 : altered reality - 2016

AR13

AR18 : Glass models of microbes and viruses - 2016 AR19: Plant Orchestra - 2011

AR14

AR15

CLASSIFICATION After the projects were clustered, they were labelled according to four categories: Active - the use of live animals to directly compose the project Passive - the use of animals, live or dead, to indirectly compose the project Research - a project with the output of a research paper or other media Practice - a project with the output of a tangible product, building, code, or material

PLOTTING The projects were then placed in their section. Their points were plotted according to where on the section’s spectrum they fell. They were then linked to their dominant section’s arm.

T1 5: R o b o t ic A r m , E le p h a n t - 2 0 1 0

T16

T16 : B io lo g ic a lly I n s p ir e d De s ig n : C o m p u t a t io n a l Me t h o d s a n d To o ls - 2 0 1 0

T1 7

T1 7 : S m a r t S w a r m - 2 0 1 0

T1 8

T1 8 : L iv in g Mic r o r o b o t s L a m p r e y - 2 0 1 2

T19

T19 : Th e S h a r k 's P a in t b r u s h : B io m im ic r y a n d Ho w Na t u r e is I n s p ir in g I n n o v a t io n - 2 0 1 3

T2 2 : Th e His t o r y a n d De v e lo p m e n t o f Et h o lo g y - 2 0 1 5

T2 3

T2 3 : B io t e c h n o lo g y - G r o w in g p r o d u c t s f r o m f u n g u s - 2 0 1 5

T25 : R o b o t Th a t L e a p s O n Wa t e r, Wa t e r S t r id e r - 2 0 1 5

T26

T26 : C y b o r g F lo w e r s , R o s e - 2 0 1 5

T27

T27 : A u t o m a t a - Six a xis R o b o t ic A r m s - 2 0 1 5

T2 8

T2 8 : Wa ll C lim b in g Min i- B o t s - 2 0 16

T29

T30 : S q u is h y R o b o t s , O c t o p u s - 2 0 16

T3 1

T3 1 : P r o t e in e n g in e e r in g t o im p r o v e p la s t ic - d e g r a d in g e n zy m e s - 2 0 16

T3 2 TA1 7 : R oboti cal l y F abri cated Structure usi ng bi o m ateri al s - 2 019 TA1 8: F i nch - Param etri c Space Pl anni ng tool - 2 019

Active

T29: P r o je c t Dr e a m c a t c h e r - 2 0 16

T30

TA16 : F i breBots - 2 01 8

Research

T2 4: B io lu m in e s c e n t L a m p ( Am b io L a m p ) - 2 0 1 5

T25

TA1 3: Ai rbus 32 0 Bi oni c Parti ti on - 2 016

T2 0: S e lf - R e p a ir in g S h o e s - 2 0 1 3 T2 1 : C o n c r e t e Ho n e y - 2 0 14

T2 2

TA1 0: MI N D & MAT T ER - 2 016

TA1 5: Learni ng new tri cks from sea sponges, nature’s m ost unl i kel y ci vi l engi n e e r s - 2 0 1 7

TA1 8

T14 : B u lle t p r o o f F e a t h e r s : Ho w S c ie n c e U s e s Na t u r e 's S e c r e t s t o De s ig n C u t t in g - e d g e Te c h n o lo g y - 2 0 1 0

T1 5

TA1 2: AA Sum m er D LAB Program - 2 016

TA14 : F aBri ck - 2 016

TA1 7

T14

T2 1

T1 0 : B io m im e t ic s f o r n e xt g e n e r a t io n m a t e r ia ls - 2 0 07 T1 1 : B io lo g ic a lly I n s p ir e d C o m p u t in g - 2 0 07 T1 2 : A C o m p u t a t io n a l C o n c e p t G e n e r a t io n Te c h n iq u e f o r B io lo g ic a lly - I n s p ir e d , E n g in e e r in g De s ig n - 2 0 1 0 T1 3 : Ma t e r ia l E c o lo g y - 2 0 1 0

TA1 1 : Carbon F i bre Structures usi ng roboti c arm s - 2 016

TA14

TA16

T1 3

T2 4

TA1 2

TA1 5

T1 2

Diagrammatical Context

T4: B io m im ic r y I n n o v a t io n in s p ir e d b y n a t u r e - 19 97

T3 2 : Th e E v o lu t io n o f 3 D P r in t in g - 2 0 1 7

T33

T33 : E v o lu t io n a r y C o m p u t a t t io n - 2 0 1 8

T3 4

T3 4 : G e n e r a t iv e De s ig n : De s ig n t h e F u t u r e - 2 0 1 8

T35

T35 : E v o lv in g F lo o r P la n s - 2 0 19

MICRO

T1: Th e Ho t - B lo o d e d I n s e c t s : S t r a t e g ie s a n d Me c h a n is m s o f Th e r m o r e g u la t io n - 19 9 3

T2 T3

TA9 : Nature m ust rem ai n at the heart of engi neeri ng sol uti ons - 2 014

TA1 3 AR12

A 1 8 : M y c e liu m P a v ilio n - 2 0 19

TECH

T2 0

AR8

AR13: Blueprint - 2003

A 1 7 : Na t io n a l Ta ic h u n g Th e a t e r - 2 0 16

A18

T1 1

AR12 : Ex Machina - 2014

A17

A R A 29 : B e ijin g ’s 7 9 8 a r t zo n e w e lc o m e s io m a g a lle r y - 2 0 19 A R A 30: A d a p t iv e p a v ilio n - 2 0 1 8 - 19

T1 0

AR11: Mother - 2017

A16: E ly t r a F ila m e n t P a v ilio n E xp lo r e s B io m im ic r y a t L o n d o n 's V ic t o r ia a n d A lb e r t Mu s e u m - 2 0 16

A R A 3 1: Th e clo u d - lik e p a v ilio n ‘ p illa r s o f d r e a m s ’ - 2 0 19

AT25: BUGA Wood Pavi l i on + BUGA F i bre Pavi l i on - 2 019 AT26 : BUGA Wood Pavi l i on - 2 019

AT 27

AR3

AR10: Inside Out - light installation based on intestines - 2019

A 1 5 : A n im a l A r c h it e c t s : A m a zin g A n im a ls Wh o B u ild Th e ir Ho m e s - 2 0 1 5

A16

AT 2 1: Bi o D esi gn: Nature, Sci ence, Creati vi ty - 2 01 8

AT 2 2

AT 26

A15

AT9: I CD/ I T KE R esearch Pavi l i on 2 01 3-14 (Lobster Ex oskel eton)

AT 1 0

AT 25

AR1

AT2 : Eden Proj ect - 2 000

AT5 : Bi om i m i cry i n archi tecture - 2 01 1

A R A 27 : S e lg a s c a n o p u blic a r t in s t a lla t io n - 2 0 1 7 A R A 2 8 : C ir c u la r G a r d e n I n s t a lla t io n o f M y c e liu m - 2 0 19

AT3 : Sustai nabl e tower for the Tai chung Ci ty Hal l - 2 01 1

AT 5

AT 2 1

A14: B u t t e r f ly Ho u s e - 2 0 14

AT1 : Ii dabashi Stati on - 2 000

AT 4

AT 9

ART

A R A 25 : Wo v e n b ir d 's n e s t - 2 0 1 7 A R A 26 : G r a v it a t io n a l Wa v e s - 2 0 1 7

Passive

MACRO Practice

EVALUATING THE PLOTTING METHOD

Once the projects were clearly clustered and defined according to type, year, and section, they were plotted and assigned identification characteristics. The time of origin proved to be difficult to understand due to readability but also conflict in overlapping extended projects. The levels were extended to widen the time-line span. The projects were referenced on the outer frame of the map according to the section they fell into. This also proved difficult due to the overwhelming amount of projects within ArchTech and Technology.

1 Theoretical Context Metamorphosis / Ethology / Biomimicry / Morphogenesis / Bio Morphism / Biological Fabrication / Mimesis / Material Ecology

Basic Bibliography // AD Emergence: Morphogenetic DesignStrategies, July/August 2004, Achim Menges // Material Ecology, Neri Oxman, 2015 // Bio Inspired Design, Katherine Fu, MIT 2014 // Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature, Janine Benyus, 1997 // The History and Development of Ethology, Mihaela Liana Fericean, 2015 // Bionics vs. Biomimicry: from control of nature to sustainable participation in nature, D. C. Wahl, 2006 // Biologically Inspired Design: Computational Methods and Tools, Ashok K Goel, 2010 // Living Architecture: Micro Performances of BioFabrication, Achim Menges, 2012 // Adaptive Ecologies: Correlated Systems of Living, Theodore Spyropolous, John Frazer, 2019 // Material Synthesis: Fusing the Physical and the Computational, Achim Menges, 2015

Complementary Bibliography

Specialized Bibliography

// Biomimetic materials research: what can we really learn from natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structural materials?, Peter Fratzl, 2007 // Smart Swarm, Peter Miller 2010 // Swarm Intelligence, Neil Leach, 2009 // Biomimetics for next generation materials, Francois Barthelat, 2007 // The Hot-Blooded Insects: Strategies and Mechanisms of Thermoregulation, Bernd Heinrich ,1993 // Swarm modelling: The use of Swarm Intelligence to generate architectural form, Paul Coates, // Data Driven Material Modeling for 3D-Printing of Materially Heterogeneous Objects, Neri Oxman // Bionics: Biological insight into mechanical design, Michael H. Dickinson , 1999

// Rethinking Architecture: Interrelations between Biology and Building, Achim Menges // Design at the Intersection of Technology and Biology, Neri Oxman, TED Talk // Biomimicry and Integrative Design, Dylan Wood

2 Diagrammatical Context Project H

Project G Project B

Project F Project D

Bio Mimicry

Biological Fabrication

Material Ecology

Ethology

Project I Project A Project C Project E

Project J

PLOTTING TIME In order to give a greater, more diverse representation of time that accurately fit the blurry nature of the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s timespan, dots were used. The color of the dot then signified the theoretical section in which the projects fell under.

A grayscale was also tested for the plotting of time. The dots indicated the of impact towards the culmination of Silk Pavilion; the darker the dots, the greater the impact.

SI LK P AVILION - NERI OX MAN mo

CH TE t A R stly ar

T h e Si l k P a v i l i o n e x plores t he relat ionship bet w een digital and biological f abr ic a t io n o n p r o d u c t and archit ect ural s cales . T he p r im ar y str uctur e was cr eate d o f 26 p o l y g o n a l p anels made of silk t hreads lai d down by a CNC (Com pute r - Nu m e r i c a l l y C o n t r o lled) machine.

AR13 AR13: B lu

AR3

AT14: ICD/ ITKE Pav ilion (Sea Ur chin) - 2015- 16

ter

AT15: R es pons i ve Landscapes - 2016

ations - 2014

AT16: Met amorphosis : Butter f ly House - 2016 AT17: Breat he - 2 016 AR9:

TRAN

SCEN

AT19: F ood-produci ng ar chitectur e pavilion,Char t Ar t Fair - 2017

ity 201

AT13: UK pavi l i on - 2015

ATT8

nale muse u m - Mi l a n - 2 0 14

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PIPE DREAM

Collage of Mar Menor

MAR MENOR : WATER

PIPE DREAM // MAPPING ANTHROPOCENTRIC CHAINS

Mapping the major native and invasion ecologies in Mar Menor

2020 - Bioconscious Architecture NITRATES

1-5m

6-10m PLANKTON zooplankton | phytoplankton

11-15m

16-20m

20m <

Daphnia Calanus finmarchicus > Zooplankton > Mesoplankton

Dinoflagellates >Phytoplankton

Syngnathidae 5 - 28 C

Blue Crab

Dentritus

Gilthead Seabream

Grey Mullets Mehnhaden > Benthic

Caulerpa taxifolia Brown Algea

nth

CHLOROPHYLL

ea th

fis

OCEANIC POSIDONIA

ility isib

The levels have gone higher after september and parts of the sea has no visibility from inside the water, its practically zero and the sea grass and sea weed species have grown immensely as if the spring has started sooner. Few parts of the marine flora is cover with thick layer of earth or mud.

by foliar development environment frees up to 20 liters of oxygen per day per m 2 prairie; produces and exports biomass in both neighboring and in-depth ecosystems.it provides shelter and is a breeding area for many fish , cephalopods , bivalves , gastropods , echinoderms and tunicates.preventing coastal erosion.the damping of the waves carried out by the dead leaf stratum on the beaches protects them from erosion, especially during the period of winter storms.

atio

n gp

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v no nd na tio eta Veg on

tin

Small phytoplankton vs large phytoplankton

ec t aff

aff ec

PHYTOPLANKTON Small phytoplankton should outcompete large phytoplankton when nutrient are scarce, while larger phytoplankton should outcompete small phytoplankton when nutrient level increases

CAULERPA PROLIFERATES AND HOLOTHUROIDEA (SEA CUCUMBER) Higher lever of Salinity and lower oxygen levels has made the vegetation go extint

e Th

HAB, HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS

HABs are induced by an overabundance of nutrients in the water. The two most common nutrients are fixed nitrogen (nitrates (agriculture), ammonia, urea) and phosphate (wastewater). These nutrients are emitted by agriculture, other industries, excessive fertilizer use. Higher water temperature and low circulation are contributing factors.

nkto

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Jelly

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JELLYFISH FEEDING Large gelatinous zooplankton (jellyfishes) exert a strong top-down control on the food web by selective grazing on large diatoms, ciliates, veliger larvae and copepods. Removing large diatoms has a direct effect on nutrients load as they uptake inorganic nutrients from water column, but the simultaneous removal of grazers such as ciliates and copepods reduces the predation pressure on smaller phytoplankton allowing them to flourish.

Eutro

phica tion ha

r favo

s dama

ged it

CLADOPHORA ALGAE

sometimes beneficial in providing food for fishes and other aquatic animals and also when there is a massive growth, it creates the layer which blocks the sunlight from penetrating inside and destroy photosynthesising the organisms growing beneath

DREGDING Dredging for the extraction of sand and subsequent pumping altered sediment characteristics causing a real stress leading to the substitution of typical sandy bottoms communities with Cymodocea nodosa by Caulerpa prolifera communities on mud

HAPLOSPORIDIUM PINNAE (PARASITE)

Dregding change

s bottom sedime

ntation

molluscs Due to the drop of salinity, the parasite has been produced which is major responsible for giant fan mussels (Pinna nobilis). Higher the salinity, it is impossible for the parasite to reproduce making mussels safe.

act with

major imp

im ive

sit

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SPECIMENS OF GASTROPODS OF THEE GENUS HEXAPLEX numerously active and live. The storm has made a positive impact and helped it to grow numerously.

ANTHROPOCENE

w sp

grew up to 25cms height; played an important role in filtering the seawater of impurities.

The following are agents that played a cruicial role on the anthropic impact of Mar Menor.

Estacio Channel in 1972 produced an increase in the water renewal rates, decreasing salinity and lower extreme temperature, thus permitting access to new, mainly benthic and nectonic colonizers, in the process of mediterranization of the lagoon

ld = low yei ed barrier

Wastewater treatment plants were installed in the main villages by the mid-1980s, but sewage overflows in many residential areas were, and still continue to be, filtered into the lagoon after primary treatment. Urban sewage is usually considered the main source of phosphorus

SALINITY Ranges between 38 and 51

e la

dro

affecting photosynthesis and death of fishes

The partial isolation of the lagoon leads to higher seasonal variations compared to the rest of the sea. Temperature usually oscillates between 10degrees in winter and 31degrees in summer

era ture

OCEANIC POSIDONIA

Water Temperatures

Surface Area of water - 136.1KM2 ; Mean and Maximum Depths - 4.4m & 7m ; Total Volume of the Lagoon - 598.8hm3

ls ve Le

WATER TEMPERATURES

The general details of the lagoon and its water

y, te

ity

LAGOON ; GENERAL

linit

lin

There is a high rate of evoporation in the year of upto 900mm/year which is significantly higher than that of the annual rainfall which is 300mm/year. The high evoporation rates is also a reason for the high salinity level in the water.

ESTACIO CHANNEL

desa

The relationship in levels of Rainfall and evoporation

Several sporadic storms breaking the sandy bar leading to changes in salinity thus allowing the colonization of several species, mainly fishes (striped sea bream, gilt-head, sea bream)

WASTEWATER

New species of fish

For centuries, either because of storms that broke the sandy bar which isolates the lagoon from the open sea, or because of successive dredging and creation of new inlets. This has translated into an important decrease in fishing yields, despite a significant increase in the number of species fished

phor

PHYTOPLANKTON HEART NITRATES

FISHING YEILDS

phos

This map highlights 20 agents thatEVOPORATION causedANDthe STORM SPECIES RAINFALL lagoon to be overrun by foreign species, thus destroying the sea life local to the body of water.

Breach

numerously active and live. The storm has made a positive impact and helped it to grow numerously.

NITRATE was entering into the lagoon via flood runoff in 1988 and through a continuous flow from the main watercourses in 1997. They also indicate that nitrate could have been the main limiting factor for phytoplankton production in 1988, but not in 1997

sh;

Storm positive impact

Nitrate, phytoplankton food source

of fi

e Th

In the early 1970s, dredging and enlargement of one of the inlets to make a navigable channel has had strong consequences on the hydrology, ecology, and fisheries of the lagoon.

ings

Dredging and enlargement of one of the inlets

During the dry agriculture period, nitrogen was the limiting nutrient for both benthic and planktonic primary production in the lagoon with nitrogen entering mainly via run-off and phosphorus entering through urban sewage

Filte ri

SPECIMENS OF GASTROPODS OF THEE GENUS HEXAPLEX

Dry period brings less food

eci

sea

wa ter

riti

r br wate Waste

Mar Menor is a coastal salt-water lagoon in the Iberian Peninsula located south-east of the Autonomous Community of Murcia, Spain, has been a targetHIGH ofANTHROPOGENIC unnaturalPRESSURES devastation created as NITRATES FROM AGRICULTURE a cause of man-made programs.

orm

al g row th

MAR MENOR : WATER

FAN MUSSELS

LESS NITRATE = LESS PLANKTON

PROPOSAL

In order to address the unnatural changes and foreign bodies that populated and destroyed Mar Menor, a structure was proposed. After mapping the natural and native biological chain of processes seen in the full-page diagram to the left, it was understood that the major cause of Mar Menorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s demise was the increase of plankton due to the increase of nitrates flowing into the lagoon. By absorbing the nitrates, the plankton population would decrease, thus causing a chain-reaction to the predator species further down the chain.

The proposed structure sits in the waters of Mar Menor. A series of pipes with multiple diameters sprawl through the waters creating shelter foe the native species. On top of the structure sits plates covers with polyanaline, a positively charges polymer capable of attracting nitrates which create a plankton concentration. Sea Turtles are then able to easily access and eat plankton. At specifies cues, light and sound emit from the panels underwater in order to control the turtles.

STRANGE IS BETTER

Polystyrene eating by mealworm

STRANGE IS BETTER // MEALWORMS EAT POLYSTYRENE 2020 - Living Systems POLYSTYRENE, THE PROBLEM WASTE FOCUS: STYROFOAM -

Polystyrene is a trademark named for a chemical compound called polystyrene (petroleum-based), a plastic made from styrene monomers. Polystyrene is the fifth most hazardous waste in the world as it it not Styrofoam is the ďŹ fth most hazardous biodegradable. The decomposition time of polystyrene is nearly 500 years. waste. Styrofoam is a trademark named for a chemical compound called polystyrene ( petroleum-based), a plastic made from styrene monomers

Non biodegradable

Decomposition time of styrofoam is nearly 500 years.

Polystyrene fills up 30% of landfills and only 10% is recycled. This project aims to investigate a new way to eliminate polystyrene through organic processes in a sustainable system using MEALWORMS.

CURRENT PRODUCTION STRUCTURE

PROPOSED PRODUCTION STRUCTURE

waste accumulation = 82%

focus on elimination as method of reduction

PROPOSAL 1: MEALWORM FARM

MEALWORMS

MEALWORMS 101

understanding the species

ASSESSMENT The project proposed a business model in which a mealworm farm is understanding comparing establishedand on the site ofrates a waste

facility, polystyrene is then collected an fed to the mealwoms. Excess mealworms are then sold as feed and ASSESSMENT the remainder mealworms are used to sustain the system. understanding and comparing rates

Sensitive to environment, overcrowding and lack of air Susceptible to malnourishment in crowds Not too sensitive to light Heavily motivated by food Individualistic, dormant without food Lack of food = hostility (biting each other)

Sensitive to open environments, prefers sheltered coverings Aggressive when taken out of comfortable area Motivated by food and comfort Communal, interactive and playful with others Lack of food = dormancy (shut down)

Several experiments were conducted in order to understand the general behavior of mealworms and superworms. The dataset below notes the results of the experiments conducted feeding styrofoam to several sets of mealworms and superworms.

DATA SET: EATEN POLYSTYRENE

Superworms average eating rate = 0.005 grams / day

100 superworms = 0.5 grams / day

20 grams = 40 days

Mealworms average eating rate = 0.0005 grams / day Superworms average eating rate = 0.005 grams / day

100 mealworms = 0.05 grams / day 100 superworms = 0.5 grams / day

20 grams = 400 days 20 grams = 40 days

Mealworms average eating rate = 0.0005 grams / day

100 mealworms = 0.05 grams / day

20 grams = 400 days

(0.0001 grams / day = Stanford study)

EXPERIMENT : SET 1 & 2A

EXPERIMENT : SET 2

proof of concept

porosity

SET 1 : PROOF OF CONCEPT

SET 2 : POROSITY

SET 2B : POROSITY

SET 2C : POROSITY

Group A - 2 gram piece of styrofoam Group B - 1 gram piece of whole wheat bread

A 2 gram piece of styrofoam similar to the EXPERIMENT SET 1 was injected with juice and placed into the container of worms.

A 4mm thick piece of styrofoam was injected with apple juice in random locations and placed into the container of worms

A 5 gram piece of styrofoam was injected with apple juice in random locations and placed into the container of worms.

EXPERIMENT : SET 2C

ASSESSMENT

porosity

styrofoam remnants

1 week

2 weeks

Initial weight: 5 grams Final weight: 2 grams Mass eaten: 3 grams Duration: 3 days Mealworms were left in the remnants of the styrofoam from an eating test. Samples were taken to understand if the remnants were be eaten and if new organic matter was being produced.

EXPERIMENT : SET 3A

EXPERIMENT : SET 3D

controlling porosity

CONTROLS

OBSERVATIONS

Juice was inserted into the central area of the styrofoam. The worms were then placed on and around the piece of styrofoam.

The worms have inďŹ ltrated largely the central area where the driver was placed, proving that thai are able to eat in a designed region.

SET 3D : ENVIRONMENT TEST (ongoing) A block of styrofoam was injected with juice in the central region and placed in a container. The container was then placed into a box, created a dark environment for the mealworms.

EXPERIMENT : SET 3B controlling porosity

FRONT

BACK

The same experiment was carried out with the superworms.

EXPERIMENT : SET 3C

controlling porosity

SET 3C : CURVED CONTROL (ongoing) A 25 X 8cm block of styrofoam was injected with sugar water and placed into a container with worms. The points were placed close to the curve in order to understand how closely the porosity can be controlled.

The underside showed the same results at an elevated scale.

02/03

03/03

04/03

05/03

06/03

07/03

A sequence of photos were taken every day in order to track and compare the porosity visible from the top..

DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR DIGITALLY SIMULATING 3d EATING PATTERNS

POROSITY PARAMETERS

applying the rates as design parameter

Number of worms affect the amount of porosity

Varying concentration of points

Controlled path created by adding an attractor, which serves as the injected juice points

10 worms

100 worms

10 worms

100 worms

uncontrolled

controlled path

(area = 10%)

(area = 20%)

100 worms

Varying radius from 2-8mm

observed pattern

Applying different radii to understand the amount of styrofoam eaten and effect of juice as attractor Understanding geometry depending upon number of worms and attractors

POROSITY PARAMETERS

applying the rates as design parameter

amount of worms = 100

Day 1

Day 2

Day 4

amount of worms = 300

Week 1

Week 2

Eating pattern timeline (Superworms)

Week 3

Week 4

Day 1

Day 2

Day 4

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Eating pattern timeline (Mealworms)

POLYSTYRENE, THE PROBLEM With the data and gathered understanding of the eating patterns, parameters were extracted to simulate the eating process and porosity creating of the worms. A curve was used to indicate the placement of the juice, points populating a geometry accounted for the amount of worms which were then pulled towards the curve. The strength of the porosity was used to simulate the factor of time. With these parameters porosity was able to be simulated.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT material exploration

Clay

PRODUCT

concept render

Pine resin

Clay Pine resin

Dirt Clay Pine resin

PROPOSAL 2: BIODIVERSIFICATION HABITAT The worms created porous structures within the styrofoam These structures were not only a factor of food but habitats for the worms to shelter themselves. The question was asked, what if these shelters can also be used to rehabilitate dying ecosystems? In order to make these porous structures safe for these animals and plants, it would need to be made safe for the whole environment. Several methods of coating and encapsulating were tested. A proposal was then developed. The structure would be placed in several environments that had dying ecosystems in order to repopulate and create biodiversity.

DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR DIGITALLY SIMULATING 2d EATING PATTERNS EATING PATTERN OBSERVATIONS

INSTALLATION PROPOSAL Graphing

Create a graph that can represent Growth of volume eaten (in relation to) Amount of worms

Deﬁne a printing process that can represent Volume of styrofoam being produced

Taking a section from the computationally generated hints towards a way of generating this pattern, showing volume in relation to points.

GENERATING THE PATTERN 2 DIMENSIONALLY

Process

1. Choose size of data and plot points

2. Draw lines from points

3. Rotate lines randomly in order to achieve point dispersion

Surface area x depth of styrofoam = volume Volume gives us amount of worms needed to eat the derived pattern in the desired duration.

4. Plot center of each line

5. Connect points using metaball to create eating pattern

6. Extract surface area of pattern in order to calculate amount of worms required

With the data and gathered understanding of the eating patterns, parameters were extracted to simulate the eating process and porosity creating of the worms. A curve was used to indicate the placement of the juice, points populating a geometry accounted for the amount of worms which were then pulled towards the curve. The strength of the porosity was used to simulate the factor of time. With these parameters porosity was able to be simulated.

PROPOSAL

PRINTING MATERIALS

MEALWORM WASTE + WHITE CLAY

COMPOSITION

3D Printed pattern Material to be printed in in ‘blobs’ Diameter of blobs = volume of styrofoam being produced Location of blobs = time of data

Clay + waste mix to be print

PROPOSAL 3: INSTALLATION ILLUSTRATING PS PRODUCTION VS ELIMINATION Public data of PS production in the world from 1950-2015 was obtained and used to graph the exponential growth of production overtime. This graph was them laid over the eating rate of the mealworms. The installation highlighted the contrast between manufactured processes and natural processing in rate and scale. It also highlight the contract between additive and subtractive manufacturing.

INSTALLATION COMPOSITION & ASSEMBLY COMPOSITION

ASSEMBLY - JUICE POINTS

The parts of the graph that are intersecting the regions in which the worms will be placed will not be printed by the robotic arm.

The juice points will be placed by injecting juice from a syringe into the styrofoam.

Barriers will be placed to clearly divide these regions.

These points are to be placed once the styrofoam is outlines and the block is in its case.

Width: 50cm

The rings may be added before or after the points are in place.

Length: 100cm

Once this step is ďŹ nished, the worms can be placed into the block.

Width: 5cm

FINAL PANEL

COMPOSITION

ASSEMBLY The styrofoam is to be etched in the laser cutter using the ďŹ le containing the curves to be etched. Mass to indicate volume that will be eaten from styrofoam

by worms The styrofoam is then to be placed into the assembled acrylic case.

Once the barriers are placed on the styrofoam surrounding the eating pattern, the juice points can be inserted into the pattern. The mealworms will then be placed into the barriers.

POLYSTYRENE, THE PROBLEM

After this set up, the robotic arm can start the process of printing the

The styrofoam to be etched in the laser cutter using the file containing the curves to be etched. The styrofoam is then to be placed into the assembled clay andis waste mixture. acrylic case. Once the barriers are placed on the styrofoam surrounding the eating pattern, the juice points can be inserted into the pattern. The mealworms will thenWidth: be placed 50cminto the barriers. After this set up, the robotic arm can start the process of printing the clay and waste mixture. Width: 50cm Length: 100cm Length: 100cm

Width: 5cm

FABRICATION - 3D Printing : KUKA

CONCLUSION The efforts of this project have, so far, educated the audience it has entertained and have led to interesting discussions and ideas bringing all parties involved closer to changing the impact of plastic in the environment. By promoting these processes of nature, these efforts aim to change the narrative of pollution that is currently stifling other natural processes in hopes of creating a new narrative, one where human needs and agendas can pave a way for these natural processes rather than stand in the way of them.

INSTALLATION RENDER

RENDER VIDEO

WATER FARM

Render of Water Farm in Makoko, Lagos, Nigeria

WATER FARM // ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATION OF HYDROGEL

test set 1 : understanding hydrogel

g hydrogel

Hydrogel liquid absorption comparison

2019 - Digital Matter, Material Exploration

What Hydrogel? testIsset 1 : understanding Sodium Polyacrylate understanding the properties and character of Sodium Polyacralate Hydrogel absorption

% weight of uptake

Time

0 50% 100% 133% 137% 170% 170%

00:00:00 00:02:38 00:08:13 00:38:00 01:00:00 02:00:00 24:00:00

*tests done with 6g sodium polyacrylate

1g = 170ml water @ max capacity

WATER SCARCITY + HYDROGEL Water scarcity is a ubiquitous problem with its magnitude expected to rise in the near future due to diminishing groundwater resources, mitigated river ďŹ&#x201A;ows, dwindling lakes, and heavily polluted water. Only about 3% of the earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water resources is fresh and 2.5% are glaciers, leaving 0.5% for consumption by living organisms The challenge of providing sufficient and safe freshwater is limited by population growth, climatic changes, industrialization, and contamination of available freshwater sources. Water Farm context

Existing processes

Evaluating the benefits of a hyrogel centric desalination system vs. traditional processes

CONCEPT: ABSORBING EVAPORATING WATER

context : energy intensity

context : material properties Water Farm material experiments

Whatharvesting Is Hydrogel? Water methodology

understanding the properties and character of Sodium Polyacralate

Water harvesting methodology

Schematic diagram of two stage desalination plant

Existing methods of water purification are energy intensive and low yield. Hydrogel has the potential to replace multiple steps with its natural properties.

Scaling through Modular accumulation

HYDROGEL MATERIAL TEST

Water Farm context

Hydrogel can absorb moisture present in humid air to water without the need for any external energy input. By harnessing the moisture-rich air that is commonly found above water surfaces, we can collect clean water, which would otherwise be lost to the environment, for different uses. The material was then material anchoring tested in ordertest: to understand how to develop a :full systemcomposite capable of providing fresh water for communities in need. test set 3 hydrogel test set 3 : hydrogel composite dfferent materials and their expansion potential Absorption results Absorption results we tested the anchoring of hydrogel to different textiles and mesh materials using silicon as the binder. each composite material was weighted before and after submerged in water to find the material that accommodate the most weight increase thu water held.

test set 3 : hydrogel composite

Absorption results

Water Farm material experiments

material test: water drinkability

Water Drinkability PH tests

safety of extracted water by PH

Water Drinkability PH tests

Although the test is generally used for fish environments, an analysis of each part was conducted in order to understand when water is safe to drink as well as when elements were stripped from or added to the water.

Water tests were conducted on each experiment in order to understand the drinkability of the water content. The tap water and evaporated sea water were the most identical despite the evaporated sea water being stripped off its magnesium and calcium.

Water Drinkability

PH tests

A JBL Aquatest was used to check for the following substances:

owing substances:

material test: encapsulation geometry

adding spikes to textile surface to test increased kineticism with hydrogel expansion

unfodling capsule as a result of epxanidng hydrogel

experiments on how geometry can affect kineticism

Water Farm material experiments

experiments on how geometry can affect kineticism

Water Farm system development

capsule size test

capsule cycle length

The size of each capsule is dependent on the quantity of hydrogel in the textile enclosure, as the weight increase of uptaken water affects the structural stability of the capsule.

An average 4 person household on the african continent consumes 18L of water.

system application application : comparing : comparing hydrogels hydrogels time requiredsystem to collect 18L of potable water

superbig or supersmall

The number of capsules needed to provide for 1 personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s daily drinking water varies accordingly.

cycle length cycle length

state of the art hydrogel

Solar Energy Triggered Clean Water Harvesting from Humid Air Existing above Sea Surface Enabled by a Hydrogel with Ultrahigh Hygroscopicity - National University of Singapore

Avg. In order to collect 18L of waterAvg. 18 ltr one 18 ltr with our hydrogel capsules, absorption cycle (uptake to full capacity) over the span ofAVERAGE 2 AVERAGE WATER WATER days is required.CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION

34cm

/ HOUSEHOLD / HOUSEHOLD / DAY / DAY

6g hydrogel holds: 1.63 ltr 2 ltr drinking water / person = 1.25 capsules / person

sodium polyacrylate capsule

40cm

4cm

However, greater efficiency can be achieved by achieving multiple cycles at 20% uptake, as indicated by the state of the art hydrogel.

To collect To collect 18L: 18L:

1.5L per cycle 1.5L per cycle

system application : comparing hydrogels cycle length

Avg. 18 ltr

3g hydrogel holds: Water: 0.03 lts 2 ltr drinking water / person = 66 capsules / person

AVERAGE WATER CONSUMPTION / HOUSEHOLD / DAY

To collect 18L: Water Farm system development

1.5L per cycle Water Farm system development

An average 4 person household on the African continent consumes 18L of water. In order to collect 18L of water with our hydrogel capsules, one absorption cycle (uptake to full capacity) over the span of 2 days is required. However, greater efficiency can be achieved by achieving multiple cycles at 20% uptake, as indicated by the state of the art hydrogel.

ze test

SYSTEM CONCEPT: WATER FARM

ersmall

dome development: bumps

apsule is quantity of tile enclosure, ase of uptake structural sule.

WATER FLOW PATTERN 1

propelling water collection through bump texture pattern type

34cm

WATER FLOW PATTERNS

psules needed rson’s daily es according-

6g hydrogel holds: 1.63 ltr 2 ltr drinking water / person = 1.25 capsules / person

40cm

Surface texture with spiraled bumps creating multiple channels for water to ﬂow along all sides Surface texture with spiraled bumps

4cm

exterior texture water ﬂow study water ﬂow study elevation plan Surface texture with spiraled bumps creating multiple channels for water to flow along all sides

INTERIOR TEXTURE

Water flow gets more control where the channels are tighter

WATER FLOW PATTERN 1

WATER FLOW PATTERN 2

creating multiple channels for water to flow along all sides

INTERIOR TEXTURE

Water ﬂow gets more control where Water flow gets more control where the channels are tighter the channels are tighter

PATTERN 1

Surface texture with gridded bumps direct the water within the grid lines Surface texture with gridded bumps direct and not on the bumps the water within the grid lines and not on the

3g hydrogel holds: Water: 0.03 lts

PATTERNEXTERIOR 2 TEXTURE

Surface texture with gridded bumps direct the water within the grid lines and not on the bumps

WATER FLOW ELEVATION

WATER FLOW PATTERN 3

PATTERN 3

PATTERN 4

PATTERN 2 1 PATTERN

Flow pattern seen at the bottom has PATTERN 2

Surface texture with staggered bumps, creating a brick-layed flow

EXTERIOR TEXTURE

WATER FLOW ELEVATION

WATER FLOW PATTERN 3

WATER FLOW PLAN

INTERIOR TEXTURE

bumps

2 ltr drinking water / person = 66 capsules / person

INTERIOR TEXTURE

WATER FLOW PATTERNS

WATER FLOW PATTERN 2

WATER FLOW PLAN

PATTERN 1

EXTERIOR TEXTURE

potential to direct water through honeycomb-like pattern

WATER FLOW PATTERNS

Surface texture with staggered bumps, creating aSurface brick-layed ﬂow texture with staggered bumps,

INTERIOR TEXTURE

WATER FLOW ELEVATION

WATER FLOW PLAN

WATER FLOW PATTERN 4

creating a brick-layed flow

INTERIOR TEXTURE

at the bottom has Flow pattern seenFlow atpattern the seen botpotential to direct water through tom has potential honeycomb-like to direct pattern water through honeycomb-like pattern

Water Farm system development

PATTERN 4 3 PATTERN

PATTERN 3 EXTERIOR TEXTURE WATER FLOW PATTERN 4

WATER FLOW ELEVATION

PATTERN 1

Surface texture with bumps aligned texture with bumps aligned in in spiraled rows Surface spiraled rows

PATTERN 4 texture TEXTURE EXTERIOR Surface with bumps aligned in spiraled rows

PATTERN 2

WATER FLOW PLAN

WATER FLOW ELEVATION

INTERIOR TEXTURE

WATER FLOW PLAN

Rows direct water quite well

INTERIOR TEXTURE

Rows direct water quite well

EXTERIOR TEXTURE

WATER FLOW ELEVATION

PATTERN 3

PATTERN 4

WATER FLOW PLAN

EXTERIOR TEXTURE

WATER FLOW ELEVATION

WATER FLOW PLAN

Water Farm optimizing the process

A bowl traps and heats the sea water inside it. The water then evaporates into the bed of hydrogel capsules sitting on top of the bowl. A dome covers the capsules, creating a warm environment. Once full of water, the capsules desorb and fresh water condenses on the surface of the dome. The water then slides off the dome into fresh water containers. This is

The dome is a crucial part of the system because it is responsible for catching the freshwater and distributing it into the water containers. The dome needs to rapidly move this water or else the chamber will reach homeostasis, preventing more water from desorbing. Bump textures were explored as a way to direct water rapidly through capillarity.

EXTERIOR TEXTURE

WATER FLOW ELEVATION

WATER FLOW PLAN

optimized proposal: heat capturing

deconstructing the process typology of strategies for each stage

STAGE 1 Absorption

STAGE 2 Desorption

STAGE 3 water collection

heat

wind ﬂow

direction control

to inform the design process, the steps for desalination and collection process was deconstructed into a typology of strategies. Concentrating on each step and maximizing the efficiency of each strategy, a pool of ideas for geometry was collected.

The cover is optimized to allow heat to be absorbed and distributed through the structure in an even manner. This creates a warm atmosphere within that allows the hydrogel capsules to evaporate rapidly and the water to slide off the container rapidly as well.

Heat is absorbed into the cover of the structure and then transmitted throughout the shell and base, reaching the bowl-like container submerged underwater. The container allows water inside and the water trapped within is then heated through energy transfer, thus allowing the contained water to evaporate at a faster rate.

Water Farm optimizing the process

optimized proposal: water flow

air circulation

energy input

hydrophobic surfaces

WATER FLOW

WIND FLOW

dome water flow analysis: formfinding Comparing time taken for water to flow to base

Vents are arrayed along the body of the structure in two directions. The first set facing downwards allow for wind to flow into the water container. The wind flow against the water allows it to evaporate at a faster rate.

Because the current cover geometry is more oval as opposed to the dome’s round geometry, its water ﬂow speed is faster. Although the cone’s ﬂow is faster than the current geometry’s, it is limited in surface area.

The containers inflate once full and can be accessed directly from a nozzle on the outside base of the structure.

hydrogel exposure

system energy

vibration

Water Farm optimizing the process

DOME HYDROGEL CAPSULES

Split dome 7.02

Tthe water condenses onto the textures surface and is then directed into the groves of the texture pattern. The water then runs down the surface of the hydrophobic material towards the water collection containers.

dome 12.50s

cone 6.70s

AIR FLOW VENTS SEA WATER CONTAINER

WATER FLOW SIMULATION Water Farm optimizing the process chapter

FLOATATION PONTOON

ANCHOR POINT

WATER FARM SYSTEM PROPOSAL

deconstructing the design: material criteria understanding the function of each material

4 community materials

obtaining material ques from the existing references The communities which the water farm serve use a single key material to construct most of their household devices, their transportation vessels, and even their homes; bamboo. photo by Iwan Baan

ECONOMICAL RECONFIGURATION The communities which the water farm serve use a single key material to construct most of their household devices, their transportation vessels, and even their homes; bamboo. The system was deconstructed in order to simplify the design and make it more economical for these communi-

recontextualizing: design & materials potential add-ons

RECONTEXTUALIZATION: SYSTEM DESIGN & MATERIALS Water Farm contextualization & optimization

1a 1b

Closed bioplastic material to be attached to bamboo frame Water direction strategy to be applied using sewing technique such as ďŹ&#x201A;at seams or pleating

2 3 recontextualizing: geometry variation

understanding parameters that infuence the variations Bamboo shells vary in geometry from region to region. These first explorations tried to understand what simple parameters could be changed in order to achieve these variations.

4 recontextualizing: geometry variation

understanding parameters that infuence the variations 9 RODS

Bamboo shells vary in geometry from region to region. These first explorations tried to understand what simple parameters could be changed in order to achieve these variations.

5 RODS

3 RODS

Water Farm contextualization & optimization

9 RODS

5 RODS

3 RODS

textile joints

woven bending

Water Farm contextualization & optimization

BAMBOO GEOMETRY VARIATIONS Bamboo shells vary in geometry from region to region. These first explorations tried to understand what simple parameters could be changed in order to achieve these variations.

textile joints

woven bending

GENETIC ALGORITHM; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION In order to optimize the water collection system, the structure needs an increased surface area to heat up the interior chamber, allowing for water to evaporate. The structure also needs an increased slope angle for condensed water to slide into the containers rapidly. MAXIMIZE SLOPE ANGLE

MINIMIZE BAMBOO RODS

MAXIMIZE SLOPE ANGLE

geometry optimization: generative algorithm

By computational methods, three goals were set for the geometry in order to obtain a singular form that fit multiple requirements.

GOALS:

Maximize radiation

Maximize slope angle

using generative algorithms to obtain optimal solutions