k o m c Magazine c n v e i s d o n ia
THE SHADOW PLAY
Do something for yourself and society
Happy Valentine’s Day SUSTAINABLE PLANNING APPROACHES ON GERMANY / HAMBURG CITY
Content 1.ANALYSIS OF SOCIETY AND PLACE REFLECTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE PLANNING APPROACHES ON GERMANY HAMBURG CITY -Banuhan Obaoğlu 2. THE SHADOW PLAY: KARAGÖZ AND HACiVAT -Hatice Kübra Koç 3. Do something for yourself and society -Jovana Manasieva
Valentine’s Day Each year on February 14th, many people exchange cards, candy, gifts or flowers with their special “valentine.” The day of romance we call Valentine’s Day is named for a Christian martyr and dates back to the 5th century, but has origins in the Roman holiday Lupercalia. VALENTINE’S DAY: A DAY OF ROMANCE Lupercalia survived the initial rise of Christianity and but was outlawed—as it was deemed “un-Christian”– at the end of the 5th century, when Pope Gelasius declared February 14 St. Valentine’s Day. It was not until much later, however, that the day became definitively associated with love. During the Middle Ages, it was commonly believed in France and England that February 14 was the beginning of birds’ mating season, which added to the idea that the middle of Valentine’s Day should be a day for romance
ANALYSIS OF SOCIETY AND PLACE PLANNING APPROACHES ON Hamburg has faced the challenges of urban growth and population growth in the last 20-30 years. However, managers with a "green" vision have managed to come up with these problems with proper planning and creative methods. The city of Hamburg has been awarded the "Green European Capital of Europe" award in 2011 by finding green solutions to the challenges it poses to being a metropolis. Hamburg is Germany’s second largest city with a population of over 1.8 million and the 6th largest metropolis of the European Union. When planning a sustainable urban life, the main concerns were climate change, energy use, transportation, water management, green spaces and socio-cultural life. Within the scope of the city’s green vision, it was aimed to reduce CO2 emissions.
E REFLECTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE GERMANY / HAMBURG CITY Information stands were opened in the municipalities and public awareness on energy saving was raised. It consumed 11,71 tons of CO2 per capita in 1990, down to 8,84 tonnes in 2006 and is targeted to decline 40% in 2020 and 80% in 2050. To save energy, the use of old type bulbs in public buildings was changed to the use of new type bulbs, so that government succeed to save 22 million kWh of energy and 3.4 million euro annually. Since 1998, housing modernization studies have been initiated in order to prevent the loss of energy in the houses and incentives for heat insulation have been given. The energy performance of 65,000 homes has been increased to prevent 79,000 tons of CO2 emissions.
The constructs are designed as ecological structure that requires the least energy, and the activation has been passed. At the beginning of the studies about transportation, certain sunday days were closed to traffic and there was free ferry, subway and tram service. The metro and buses were provided at an average distance of 300 meters for each residence and low gas emission buses have started to be used in the city. The use of bicycles has been encouraged. The total length of the bicycle routes in the city today is 1700 km. Hamburg is a city 4-5 meters below the water level, like Amsterdam. Dyke / sets were made against the flood risk in the whole city. Thus, the control system were made for water coming from the North Sea and large caps have been constructed to counteract the risk of flooding the water. They have also developed steel door and window systems that catch on floors in the lower part of the buildings. In flood situations, they built pedestrian paths on the first floors to provide access to the pedestrians. Footpaths are available in all the buildings and pedestrian lines are created in the all city. This disaster plan for flood risk is very successful. Along with two gigantic green areas such as the Altonaer Volkspark and the Stadtpark, there are also many green areas in the city
In Hamburg, where the per capita green area is above the European average, there is the Ohlsdorf Cemetery, the largest graveyard in the world, with 400 hectares area. Managers continue to systematically work to further expand parks and gardens in the coming years and create new green spaces. Cultural life and social interaction are also very important for Hamburg city government. For this reason they built an opera and philarmony building in the middle of the most important development area of the city. Hafencity Port District Project covering 10 neighborhoods:
Photo 1: Michael Korol/HafenCity Hamburg GmbH
The project is important in terms of ensuring that the money earned by the citizens remains in the city. In addition, the parking lot analysis was very well done while the cultural facility was being built. In addition to being a gigantic building, they had a passion for a very successful parking arrangement, which is below the water level in the lower floors.
Photo 2: Baukultur! Planning and Building in Germany, pg 17
The newest project in terms of Sustainability in Hamburg is the Hafencity Project. Situated on the edge of the Elbe River, Hamburg is the crossroads of world trade with its harbor. The harbor, which has been built quite inside from the sea, has become unusable with the increase of the tonnage of the freight ships and the increase of the volume. As a result, storages, warehouses and cargo unloading areas have remained ineffective. Thinking of the area in a modern and environmentally sensitive way was first introduced in the 1990s. The master plan competition in Hamburg, which was opened in 2000, has gained partnership by Dutch KCAP and German ASTOC firms. The plan approved by the Hamburg senate is based on neighborhood relations. In April 2007, the European Architecture Politics Forum (EFAP), the German presidency, took place in Hamburg. The theme of the meeting was ‘’ Building Culture for Sustainable Urban Development ‘’. Then, the Federal Chamber of Architects (BAK) ran the port area to the guests who participated in the forum. In the port area, which has been planned, each island has been left with the creative hands of famous landowners, high-quality offices, residences, old houses, opera houses and public spaces: parks, gardens and terraces.
The project has been implemented by public-private partnership. The administration of the state of Hamburg has undertaken the planning. The employer has also become a state in itself (Hafencity Hamburg GmbH). In the foreword to the booklet distributed at the Architecture Forum meeting, Federal Minister of Transport, Building and Urbanism Wolfgang Tiefensee said that the concept of building culture has been discussed for years in the rooms, associations, construction and building sectors and the government in cultural and media commissions, The building culture has now become an architectural policy, the report prepared in 2005 was presented to the parliament, and it was subsequently approved by the Foundation of the Federal Building Culture Foundation in 2006. 132 hectares of land were included in the planning area in 2010 and individual buildings belonging to the designated functions of the master plan were obtained by opening design competitions. Both local and foreign companies participated in the competition. The juris are comprised of freelance architects, property owners and investors, including government officials. Sustainability, environmentally friendly approaches and high quality design have been emphasized in the competition criteria
When Hafencity, Europe's largest urban development project, is completed, it will create housing area for 12,000 people and working area for 40,000 people. In Hafencity, where two famous architects like Rem Koolhaas and Renzo Piano have designs, self-sufficient, environmentally friendly buildings are being built. These buildings will produce their own energy using environmentally clean energy sources such as wind and sun. In addition, solar panels on the roof and on the facades will save a lot of electricity. Another important aspect of the project is the adoption of participatory planning. In the neighborhoods, people were asked how they wanted to live in the environment by working with plans and models. Especially women and children reported their concrete requests as participants. Interactive exhibition train that it is open to creative ideas has traveled to 18 European cities. Despite the survival of the cruise, the planned port has not been compromised, and the old harbor region is attracted to investors today and has a high quality of urban transformation in terms of people who is living, working and sheltering.
The total amount of the project was 10 billion dollars. In comparison, 388 hectares of land has been converted. The plenary covering 10 neighborhoods, the housing stock that can accommodate 12 thousand people, and the workplace storey where 45 thousand people can work were created. 40% of the project was completed and life began in the finished part. The remaining 60% is targeted to be completed by 2025. Award-winning and environmentally friendly implementations in the project: - The first elementary school of the region (2009) Katharinenschule (Design: Spengler & Wiescholek). - Coffee Plaza and Hamburg-America-Center (2010) (Design: Richard Meier) - Magellan Terraces as a Coastal Design (walking distance to the Elbefilarmoni Concert Hall). - Dalmankai steps as a coastal design. - Spiegel publishing house and about 21 thousand m2 office building Ericus Contor (Design: Henning Larsen) Common point of residential blocks and office buildings: public park area, Sandtorpark.
- Project of Herzog de Meuron Architecture The Elbe Philharmonic concert hall is a converted version of an old cocoa antelope. The old structure was not demolished, and the glass construction was mainly added. It has a 5-star hotel and 45 apartment complexes. - Environmental award-winning Unilever building and Marco Polo housing block (Design: Behnish Architecture) - Strandkai Quay with open air cinema, theater plays, festival events in summer. - Othmarschen Park. - The Martha Foundation's 2-3 bedroom apartments are located in the Sandtor harbor area of the Bรถge Lindner Design House, which is close to the Philharmonic Hall and other activities. On the lower floors there is a health center, medical services and pharmacies. The goal of coastal designs is to provide social interaction and create areas where the city can freely move without the necessity of shopping in the open air. Also designing a public park where is between of working and accommodation places, is a signal about how much attention is given for social interaction.
The fact that the Strandkai Raihtim is designed to allow for open air cinema, festival and theater plays also demonstrates the intent of the active involvement of the project's users in social life. When the project is being done, it is very important to attach importance to the participation of children and women as well as participation of all levels of the people. The fact that the house of the elderly is close to many functions in the area and that the health facilities are considered has been an important application in terms of social and health sustainability. As a result, the fact that the city of Hamburg behaves in accordance with the strategies determined over time and the success of the Hafencity project has made it a center of attraction and a more livable environment for the urban people. The project succeed thanks to: - Making attractive center by planning with participatory planning and strategies where is the desperate and depraved region of the city, which is feared to be scared, - Educating citizens on ecological issues, - Transportation decisions and encouraging bicycle use, - The implementation of energy saving measures, - Coastal design and water management.
So that, economic development has been achieved and social and cultural relations have been increased. Environmentally sensitive, modern design, intelligent and ecological buildings have both raised living standards and increased the quality of the city. The basic conditions of sustainable planning are fulfilled: Sustainability in Economy, Sustainable Transportation, Sustainable Buildings (Smart Building, Ecological Building), Sustainable Energy, Sustainable Green Areas, Sustainable Education, Sustainable Health, Sustainable Social Life and Sustainable Water Management. Sources: - ErbaĹ&#x;, A. E.(2016), Ecologic Planning and Design Master Level Lesson Notes in Mimar Sinan University, in Istanbul - Tuna, R. ve Assessor, B. (2012), Positive Regeneration of Hamburg City Port District BANUHAN OBAOGLU Urban& Region Planner, ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Urban Regeneration and Planning Master Program, YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
THE SHADOW PLAY: KARAGÖZ AND HACiVAT Karagöz & Hacivat is a Turkish shadow play taking its name from its main character Karagöz. The origin of the shadow plays is accepted as southeastern part of Asia around Java. Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi says that the play was first performed at the Ottoman palaces in the late 14th century. Some others say that this play came into Anatolia after Yavuz Sultan Selim, who had conquered Egypt in 1517, had brought the shadow play artists to his court.
According to a legend, they were working as construction workers in a mosque in Bursa. Although their satiric jokes entertained other workers it also held up the building of the mosque by their constant joking together. As a result it made the sultan very angry and anxious about whether Karagoz and Hacivat could encourage rebellion in others, so they were executed. The construction of the mosque was completed without them, but their comrades did not forget them and kept their jokes alive, telling them over and over. In time, the adventures of Karagoz and Hacivat gained a new dimension and the traditional Turkish shadow puppet theatre was born. Their monumental tomb stands in Bursa today. Karagoz & Hacivat was the most enjoyed entertainment of the Ottoman period and was widely performed for the public and in private houses between the 17th and 19th centuries especially during Ramadan, and at circumcisions, feast festivals, coffee houses and even in gardens. Karagรถz play is played depending on the talent of an artist. Moving the design on curtain, voicing them, dialects or imitations are all made by the artist. The subjects of Karagรถz plays are funny elements with double meanings, exaggerations, verbal plays, and imitating accents. There is always satire and irony.
These puppets with jointed limbs are 35-40cm sized and they are generally made from the skin of camel or cows. The skins are made semi-transparent and painted with Indian ink or root paints. Then they are embroidered with sharp painted blades and the pieces are tied with ropes. This is truly an art. The white curtain on which Karagรถz is played is named as ayna (mirror), and the light behind it as sema (candle light). There is just one puppeteer, known as hayali (imaginary), assisted by an apprentice, who installs the curtain and brings the puppets in order of appearance. The main characters of the play are of course Karagoz and Hacivat. Karagoz represents the public morals and common sense, the ordinary man in the street, and is straightforward and reliable. He is almost illiterate; usually unemployed and embarks on money earning projects that never work. He is often kind of rude. You can recognize him by his turban, his bald head and his black beard. His left arm is longer than the other one. His friend Hacivat instead is the opposite of him; he is educated in a Moslemtheology school, speaks Ottoman Turkish and uses poetical and literary language. He's very clever as well.
Today a limited number of artists continue the studies related to the art of Hacivat & Karagoz and they're conducted by the Presidency of Turkey National Center of International Puppet and Shadow Play Union (UNIMA) and the Ministry of Culture. This is the part of shadow play: HACIVAT: Hello Karagöz. KARAGÖZ: Hello Hacıcavcav. HACIVAT: What’s up ? KARAGÖZ: There is everything,but there is nothing ! HACIVAT: What is the meaning of this ? KARAGÖZ: Let me tell you.Listen well !
HACIVAT: Explain ! I am listening (to you). KARAGÖZ: What are you listening to ? I am hearing nothing. HACIVAT: Karagözüm what are you talking about ? KARAGÖZ: You are listening something but I am not hearing it . HACIVAT: You are making me crazy. KARAGÖZ: Am I ? HACIVAT: Yes,you are ! KARAGÖZ: There is no voice.And you are listening to it.And you are getting angry with me.Do you know,impossible to understand you sometimes.
HACIVAT: I am going. KARAGÖZ: Where and how ? HACIVAT: Far away ! By horse,by donkey,by camel. KARAGÖZ: Wiseacre ! Come here ! Stop ! Listen ! HACIVAT: What shall I listen to ? KARAGÖZ: Listen to,what ever you are hearing. HACIVAT: No no,I shall go. KARAGÖZ: Take care of yourself. You wiseacre !
Do something for yourself and society As we already know, this was our second part of the project. So we knew each other pretty well and in some way this was more easily for all of us. But otherwise it was harder, because all of us got close to each other and then we had to say goodbye to each other. In this second part of the project (located in Hungary) we had good time, I must say. It was more serious than the first part of the project, full with activities. We were separated in groups, and we worked together in that group during the whole week. But still we had good energizers, some free time, party time after the intercultural nights and so on. Generally everything was okay and good organized.
About the experience, it was very good since the first part, and now this part was even better. During the week there, so many things happened, but some of them made a scar in my life and taught me something for the future. Everything is a new experience and from every situation in life we learn something. I really made a good friends in this project, and I will remember some moments that happened there for the rest of my life.
The magazine was created in cooperation with EVS volunteers in Association Pavel Satev- Kocani and eWorld Community Association Pavel Satev- Kocani Karl Marks 64 2300 Kocani
February 2017
Editors Sara Gorgieva Filip Vojnovski