Biophilia

BIOPHILIA

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

BY FABIAN DANKER

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CONTENTS

The contents of this book.

ABSTRACT Continuing the research from the group master plan project from South Shields, the sustainable food production theme will be further explored and developed.

This 12 week project combines the background research from the greater master plan with the architectural language developed from the device project.

The document is separated into 4 sections;

RESEARCH

Research Design Development Design Proposals Critical Reflection

The Brief The Site Site Model 1:1000 Site Model 1:250 Site Section Light:Wind Ceremony of Seasons Problems in South Shields Speaking With Locals Agriculture Permaculture Aquaculture Comparison Aquaponics Fresh Local Produce Seasonal Crops Local Permaculture Concept Collage

BIOPHILIA bi-oh-phil-i-a noun a love of life and the living world; the affinity of human beings for other life forms.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

Parti Diagram Structural Framework Growing Architecture Concept Gridshell Structural Concept Structural Pattern Structural Experiments Living Bridges Biomimicry Structure Potager Piazza Development Cuban Urban Agriculture Community Share Allotments Dynamic Tree Structure Site With Tree Infrastructure Share Allotments Waitomo Cave Visitor Centre Aquaponic Biodomes Development

43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75

DESIGN PROPOSALS Project Scope Long Site Section Share Allotment Areas Allotment Section Entrance To Site In Autumn Botanical Gardens In Spring Aquaponic Domes Interior Piazza Technical Section Exploded Axonometric Bibliography

CRITICAL REFLECTION 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 101

Week 1 & 2 Week 3 & 4 Week 5 & 6 Week 7 & 8 Week 9 & 10 Week 11 & 12 Personal Reflection

105 107 109 111 113 115 117

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RESEARCH

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

5

THE BRIEF

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

THE BRIEF Develop an aspect of the strategic urban design proposals from the master plan project.

Design a building or building or a piece of physical or social infrastructure for your site.

Use opportunities and challenges for the site identified by the master plan project.

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THE SITE

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

THE SITE The concept of food production was chosen from Design Project 1.

The site is located on the east side of South Shields currently park land and part of the green belt. The Herd sand dunes offers flood and coastal defence from tides. Protection of the sand dunes have allowed local flora and forna to flourish in the area.

The green belt varies in its

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SITE MODEL 1:1000 SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

1:1000 SITE MODEL The model demonstrates the steep slope of the site in a 3 dimensional representation incorporating the sites context of roads, buildings and vegetation.

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SITE MODEL 1:250

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

1:250 SITE MODEL At this large scale, focus can be taken at s small sector of the site to be developed. The buildings and topography of the site is demonstrated.

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SITE SECTION

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

HIGH DENSITY POST WAR FLATS VICTORIAN TERRACE Typical tyneside beach terrace.

Built in the 1960s, this building holds 11 families within the flats. A higher density of housing reduces the prices of accomodation.

Ocean Road George Scott Street

30 m 25 m 20 m 15 m

KEY 1890 1910 1960+

St Aidan’s Road

Woodlands Terrace

VICTORIAN TERRACE The gable ends allows the upper rooms to hold a larger capacity of space to the typical Victorian house.

Julian Avenue

Vespasian Avenue

POST 1960s TERRACE

BUNGALOW

The post 1960s terrace is a 2 story household with bay windows, brick loadbearing structure.

Only a handful of bungalows were built. This is a typical example of the style.

Trajan Avenue

Fort Street

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LIGHT : WIND

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

DEVICE INSPIRATION Influenced from traditional Japanese joint details. The device was designed to be completely assembled on site using low technology and low skilled construction methods.

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CEREMONY OF THE SEASONS SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

SEASONAL CHANGES South Shields has a number of seasonal festivals throughout the year. Great North Run, Songs of the Sea, Guy Fawkes night.

There is potential to celebrate the changes of seasons and the food it brings.

SEASONAL CELEBRATION Seasonal changes bring a new variety of food to be harvested from the permaculture garden.

The community can celebrate these seasonal changes within the amphitheatre..

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PROBLEMS IN SOUTH SHIELDS SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

OBESITY IN ADULTS

NATIONAL OBESITY OBESITY IN KIDS INCREASE 12000

27.3%

24.2%

11.6%

9.9%

2000 England

“Expecting the general population to adopt healthy lifestyles is unrealistic if the SOCIAL and BUILT-UP ENVIRONMENT does not PROMOTE it” Joan Atkinson Lead council member for Children, Young People and Families

“We need to tackle issues such as the impact on where people live, the impact of FOOD SYSTEMS and DISTRIBUTION on FOOD CHOICES and DIETARY HABITS.” Alan West Lead Council for Health and Well-being.

210% increase in South Shields long term youth unemployment in the last 12 months.

465 people under 25 now

0 South Shields

YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT

2013

Number of admissions to hospital from primary diagnosis of obesity.

HEART DISEASE

looking for work.

South Shields

England

CHILDHOOD OBESITY INCREASE

TEENAGE PREGNANCY

40%

253

People die in South Tyneside from heart disease each year

Obese Overweight

0% 1995

2010

Population of children in England reported to be obese.

British Heart Foundation

NHS Report 2012

“Significantly higher than average teenage pregnancies than the national average.”

NHS Report 2008

EU COMMISSION POLICY FRAMEWORK

1. Improving the nutritional value of school meals and home meals.

2. Good practice for the provision of physical activity in schools on a regular basis 3. Good practice for fostering healthy dietary choices at schools.

4. Supporting health and education efforts made by schools.

WHAT DO WE NEED TO LEARN? BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

PARENTING FACTORS

• Children have a preference for sweets and salt.

• Children need approximately 10 exposures to new foods to accept them.

• Children fear new and unfamiliar foods.

• Children are predisposed to learn to prefer energy-dense foods.

• Children can effectively selfregulate when provided with healthy food advice.

• Children can learn to prefer new foods as they become increasingly familiar.

• Children are more likely to eat foods that teachers, parents and peers are eating.

• Are some children biologically vulnerable to having difficulty in selfregulating food intake?

• Which comes first- parental restrictions or childhood disinhibition?

• Can children self-regulate intake when surrounded by palatable high-calorie foods?

• How does advertising effect children’s food preferences and intake?

• How can parents encourage healthy eating without being perceived as withholding?

• Children will overeat when they are rewarded for eating.

• Children desire palatable foods that they can see but are forbidden to have.

Schwartz & Puhl (2003)

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SPEAKING WITH THE LOCALS SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

INTRODUCTION The aim of this exercise was to gain a better understanding of the area by engaging into an open dialogue with local residence of South Shields. Using a open-question based questionnaire, the information collected resulted into a wide range of strengths and weaknesses in South Shields.

AGE: 38 GENDER: Female OCCUPATION: Management Consultant COMMENT:

RESULTS

Food is expensive and difficult to get local produce. Some selection on market day but only once a week during the farmers market.

Its difficult to get local produce at the markets. Majority of people go to large supermarket chains which sources food from other countries.

AGE: 24 GENDER Male OCCUPATION: County Council Worker COMMENT: Lack of entertainment, have to go to Newcastle or Sunderland for fun.

Difficult to get jobs.

AGE: 26 GENDER: Male OCCUPATION: Video Producer COMMENT: Nothing for young people to do. Not many places to exhibit work.

Usually socialises and presents work in in Newcastle.

AGE: 29 GENDER: Female OCCUPATION: Administrator COMMENT: Would like to see more festivals, live music and outdoor entertainment.

More locally sourced organic food.

Local Food

Economic People spend their money outside of the city where there are better facilities.

Energy prices and cost of living increases. Lack of jobs.

Arts There is a lack of money invested into the Arts. Currently just the Amphitheatre at the beach which is rarely used and far away from other activities.

Activities For Youth Currently there is a skate park and basket ball courts, for the youth, but it is rarely used. Lack of activities for young people to get into.

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AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Advancements with new technologies have allowed greater yields of harvests from crops, larger, longer lasting, resilient and the ability to grow mass quantities of crop faster.

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

Over

50%

Over

50,000

of people live in cities.

edible species of plants

15

plants provides

90%

Disconnection between people and food.

of world food intake

Wheat

Rice

Corn

Current farming methods rely on

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OIL

4 Billion

including pesticides, packaging, machinery and transport

Crops support people

Kg(s) of feed to protein

Health risks of pesticides

Pesticides on Food

Solutions

Even after washing

62%

Eyes Skin and Lungs

of fruit and vegitables we eat still contain pesticides Organic crops raised naturally

Brain and Nervous system

Apples were found to have

Reproduction and Birth Defects

Cancers and Blood disorders

97%

pesticides on the surface

Grapes found to have

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different pesticides Hormonal disruption

Balanced soil by using crop rotation to improve fertility not chemicals

Sustainable farming using manure as organic fertilizer 25

PERMACULTURE

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

ZONING ZONE 0 The House

PRINCIPALS

ZONE 1 Herb plants and berries which need special attention.

ZONE 2 Beehives and bushs which do not require much attention.

ZONE 4 Semi-wild area for firewood and foraging.

ZONE 3 Vegetables used for personal consumption and market.

ZONE 5 Observing natural ecosystems.

HORTICULTURE ON A SLOPE Slopes of more than 18째 should be forested for soil stability and condensation benefits.

ZONE 5

The 12 principals of permaculture design are; Observe and interact 1.

2. Catch and store energy 3. Obtain a yield 4. Self-regulation 5. Utilise renewable resources 6. Produce no waste 7. Design from pattern to details 8. Integration of ideas 9. Small and slow solutions 10. Utilise diversity 11. Utilise edges and the minimal 12. Creatively reuse and respond to change

NIGHT CONDENSATION

COLD NIGHT AIR

RHIZOSPHERE BEST CLIMATE FOR HORICULTURE Highest dams and diversion drain.

ZONE 0 & 1

WINTER FRONTLINE

ZONE 2 & 3

Root crops including potatoes and carrots.

CANOPY The tallest trees in the system. Large trees dominate but spaces far enough apart so to not absorb all the light within the area.

These could include hazelnuts, walnut, chestnuts.

LOW TREE LAYER

SHRUBS HERBACEOUS

A diverse layer of bushes which include berries.

Annuals, biennials or perennials.

SOIL SURFACE

These are lower trees which could grow citrus trees, apples, pears.

VERTICAL LAYER Climbers or vines, grapes, runner beans, lima beans.

Cover crops to retain soil and lessen erosion along with green manures to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.

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AQUACULTURE COMPARISON SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WILD FISH

FARMED FISH

HABITAT

HABITAT

12

ocean + rivers

DIET krill

80,000

88

months

months

fish per m² DIET

30m x 30m

sardine

+

herring fishmeal

ANTIBIOTICS

6

fish per net

zooplankton

ANTIBIOTICS

Excess antibiotics and slice can make their way through the food chain. Research suggests

74% - 100% of wild fish near farmed fish

ANTIBIOTICS + SEA LICE TRANSFER

contai antibiotics.

NUTRITION

NUTRITION

protein

+ fish oil

pesticides

fish pellets

slice - sea lice pesticide canthaxanthin, astaxanthin - colourant oxytetracycline, dieldrin, toxaphene, romet-30, tetracycline, sulfa drugs, trimethoprim, tribrissen, ivermectin, emamectin benzoate - antibiotic omega-3

omega-6

omega-3 omega-6

=

protein

farmed salmon

200%

has more fat than wild salmon

AQUAPONIC FISH HABITAT

80

fish per m²

6

closed loop system

months

DIET

The benefits of aquaponic fish shows great potential as a source of a sustainable food source for the future.

As it is grown in a closed loop cycle, it has little to no effect to the environment in terms of pesticides or antibiotics. worms

parasites

plankton

Using permaculture principles, food is generated out of a waste product.

ANTIBIOTICS In a closed loop system, any outside infections are minimised. The fish keep healthy by swimming and catching their food in the water.

Adult 6 months - 4 years

NUTRITION protein

Fry 3 weeks

omega-3 omega-6

Egg 12 weeks Alevin 3 weeks

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AQUAPONICS

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

AQUAPONIC OVERVIEW

Environmentally friendly and completely sustainable compared to fish farms which feed their fish with fish pellets. The fish have to swim and be more active to catch their fish.

VEGETABLES AND HERBS

FISH MANURE

The flora absorbs nitrates from the fish manure, cleaning and filtering the fish water.

The fish’s manure gets broken down by worms and microbes into nitrates and other nutrients to feed and fertilise the plants.

FISH PARASITES Fasciola hepatica is a natural parasite of watercress, normally would be treated with chemical pesticides.

A variety of fish can be grown including tuna, salmon, prawns, carp and trout.

AQUAPONICS LETTUCE 22°C

400

Can harvest

4

100

weeks to grow seed to crop

heads of lettuce a week.

Deep water system used to water lettuce.

Easy to maintain temperature and pH scale.

optimal temperature for highest yield

AQUAPONICS APPLICATION GUIDE

1m³ water sustains

30 fish

sustains

1.8m³ Growing Basket Surface area 6m² (4 people)

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FRESH LOCAL PRODUCE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

FRESH FOOD Other than the market, availability of fresh produce is limited. A single fresh fruit an vegetable market stall was erected at the metro station to entice commuters.

As can be seen here, fresh produce is generally difficult to source, with major supermarkets offering convenience and all year round availability.

SOUTH SHIELDS

EXISTING FARMS

WHOLESALE OUTLETS

ORGANIC RETAIL

SUPERMARKETS

Local farms are minimal due to South Shields’ proximity to the large cities of Tyne and Wear.

Economics and seasonal reliance result in farmers being undercut by foreign competition.

Few wholesale outlets supply fresh fruit and vegetables to catering companies including hotels and restaurants.

They are a preferred supply chain due to their proximity, guaranteed freshness and quality, as well as economic advantages if bought in bulk.

Developing truly organic produce in the outdoors is difficult due to the high exposure to the elements and possibility of cross contamination.

Supermarkets saturate the food retail industry, offering year round produce.

High volumes allow lower prices.

Dietary attitudes of consumers have changed resulting in specialist retailers such as green grocer, butcher and bakers resulting in a decline of the highstreet.

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SEASONAL CROPS

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

SEASONAL FRUITS

SEASONAL VEGETABLES

SEASONAL HERBS

SEASONAL FOODS These graphs shows the growing seasons of various vegetation. The limitations is that it mixes three climates of temporal, Mediterranean and tropical. The winter season limits the output of

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LOCAL PERMACULTURE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

ABUNDANT EARTH Abundant earth is a local permaculture business which produces a range of vegetables and fruits. Limited by the land area, their optimal production of vegetable boxes supplies 30-40 customers on a weekly basis.

The farm is divided into zones derived from permaculture principles

INTERVIEW WITH A PERMACULTURER 1 acre of land can produce enough fruit and vegetable for 40 households with 3 people working all year round to maintain and pick them.

An abundance of food is a magnet for pests such as squirrels, wood pigeons and slugs.

Permaculture suggests to convert problems into a solutions.

Introducing ducks to eat slugs removes the pests and creates a new food source. Pigeons and squirrels are also high in protein low in fat tasting similar to chicken and rabbit.

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CONCEPT COLLAGE

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

AQUAPONIC The fish farmed and grown from the aquaponic ponds can feed the community, a high protein, low in fat protein.

Children can learn about the aquaponic system and a great family activity could be to catch their fresh healthy fish for dinner.

PERMACULTURE EDUCATION FOR ALL Children of South Shields can learn about sustainable growing methods to generate abundance of food, have respect and knowledge of how to grow, maintain, pick and cook vegetables.

ELEVATED WALKWAYS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Walkways and other devices could provide opportunity and access to the fruits on the trees.

The abundance of food allows natural forna to multiply.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

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PARTI DIAGRAM

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

BOTANICAL GARDEN

HYDROPONIC DOME

PERMACULTURE PIAZZA MARKET

RESTAURANT

COMMUNITY SHARE ALLOTMENT

PIAZZA MARKET PIAZZA MARKET This will be the main concentration of the masterplan.

It will act as a node for the permaculture green belt. People will be able to sell the locally produced crops within the market. This will produce revenue to the people living in South Shields and also bring in new money from outside the town.

COMMUNITY SHARE ALLOTMENT COMMUNITY SHARE ALLOTMENT This will act as a trial experiment for people in a block in a street. 30 - 40 families will be able to all help grow a shared allotment to produce enough fruit and vegetables for everyone. It will increase fitness as people will be doing manual labour outside, help strengthen the community by sharing what is grown. Improve families diets.

RESTAURANT

RESTAURANT There will not be any set menu. All food produced will be grown in the area around the restaurant. Every day, the chefs will be able to pick seasonal fresh food and create dishes based around that.

This will set a new benchmark for dinning as organic food is sourced within 100m, fresh and seasonal.

HYDROPONIC DOME

BOTANICAL GARDEN

HYDROPONIC DOME

BOTANICAL GARDEN

The hydroponic dome allows fish to be grown from school to dish. The fish manure will produce nitrates for the vegetables grown alongside the fish, in turn the parasites from the vegetables will be eaten by the fish.

After a year, the fish will be harvested or released into the lake for people to fish from.

The botanical gardens contains infrastructure to allow people to pick fruit and vegetables from the trees and bushes.

Pear and apple trees will act as a sound and wind barrier to the site.

Permaculture principles, will be used to minimise maintenance. (eg chickens to eat rotting fruit, introduce ducks to eat slugs.)

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STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK

POTENTIAL PAVILION

The columns naturally bend under stress, which creates a high tensional structure.

The structure resembles the Gothic arch, which further emphasises the celebration and ceremony of feast.

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GROWING ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY CREATING THE FORM

IMPLICATIONS OF THE FORM

Inspired by Frei Otto, the form is created by glueing ends of strings to a base leaving slack in the string. The strings are then coated in PVA and hung upside down to create negative arches. After the glue hardens, it leaves the shapes of the string fixed in place

The form when reversed shows an economically efficient structure.

Potentially the structure can be achieved by pruning and weaving tree branches together.

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GRIDSHELL STRUCTURAL CONCEPT SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

CREATING THE FORM

BENEFITS OF THE FORM

Inspired by Edward Cullinan’s Downland Gridshell Museum who builds on the work of Frei Otto, this shape was created to experiment with crossing components with a loose fixing to allow flexibility within the structure. The structural pattern is economic and also creates a beautiful skeleton.

When the Grid shell was created, it uses a significantly reduced amount of wasted materials ad the structure is lighter and more efficient as a form than if it were a tunnel shape.

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STRUCTURAL PATTERN SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

GRID STRUCTURE This pattern was derived from the gridshell structure. Experimenting with the pattern of structure adjusts the strength of the form. This variation allows the form to stop in clean segments as opposed to the cross hatching pattern.

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STRUCTURAL EXPERIMENTS SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

THE ARCH Attaching the components together to form a long column achieves the aesthetic of a true Gothic arch, however the flexibility is significantly reduced in the shape, causing the whole structure to be put under a high tension.

RADIAL STRUCTURAL A radial structural pattern was created to observe its structural economy and strength in comparison to the cross patterning. The shape allows a large amount of flexibility and movement, but as a result can not hold its shape under strain.

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LIVING BRIDGES

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

CHERRAPUNJI In northeastern India, for over 500 years the people of Cherrapunji have manipulated nature to create a network of bridges. By weaving the roots of the Ficus elastica tree, the roots become strong enough to support large boulders to create solid walk ways.

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BIOMIMICRY STRUCTURE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

BIOMIMICRY The manufactures of Opal uses software which utilises algorithms to strip components to its minimal material mass but keeping its structural integrity.

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POTAGER

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY JARDIN POTAGER The idea of self sustainability and organic produce isn’t new. Gardens of the French Renaissance and Baroque eras produced gardens which not only provided food for the châteaux, but landscaped the garden in a geometric pattern to create an ornate and efficient in yield garden.

Trees and bushes are pruned to allow maximum amounts of light to each leaf creating beautiful structures with the branches.

KEY 1 Wood 2 Ornamental Garden 3 Audience 4 Water Gardens 5 Sun Garden 6 Maze 7 Ornamental Garden 2 8 Kitchen Garden 9 Herb Garden 10 Village and Church

COMPARISONS OF CHATEAU DE VILLANDRY AND PERMACULTURE ZONING Chateau de Villandry although ornate in appearance incorporates many permaculture principles into its design.

Firstly the herb garden is located near the chateau as they require most attention.

The kitchen garden is next to the herb garden and is where the bulk of the food is grown.

Finally the wood is located on the outskirts of the landscape for foraging, firewood and observing nature.

ZONE 4 ZONE 5 Semi-wild area Observing for firewood and natural foraging. ecosystems.

ZONE 2 ZONE 3 Bushes which do Vegetables used for not require much personal consumption attention. and market.

ZONE 0 ZONE 1 The House Herb plants and berries which need special attention.

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PIAZZA DEVELOPMENT SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

PIAZZA The piazza will have a multi purpose use.

It will allow the people to use to during the different seasons to celebrate the changes of food. The piazza can also be used as an open market for people to sell their produce.

The form of this is based around the traditional circular shape of a amphitheatre with flexible space at the rear for a stage and set during performances.

The geometry is derived from the geometry used in the villandry.

PIAZZA DEVELOPMENT The second iteration of the space based on the geometry of the structural concept models utilises the curvature forms.

This shape contextually fits into the site and topography of the hill side.

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CUBAN URBAN AGRICULTURE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

“Urban agriculture achieves a steady su products directly from the production s CUBAN URBAN AGRICULTURE Following the 1960s Recession, Cuba drastically re-structured it’s import and export policies and this resulted in local agricultural organisations being developed.

Any open space including open parks to available space within schools and government buildings became available to grow organic produce, which could then be traded tax free to the local communities.

x 10

upply of fresh, healthy and varied site to the consumers�

Jorge Pena Diaz And Professor Phil

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COMMUNITY SHARE ALLOTMENT 55 m

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

120 m

Site: Households:

55m x 120m = 6600m ² (1.5 acres) 31

Average households waste water: 3000l a week

1 acre can support 40 households, with 3 people working full time year round to grow the crops.

120 hours of labour a week to support 40 households.

Total annual greywater wastage: 483.6m³ Total annual rainwater wastage: 7700m³

“1 Person spend 1 hour a week to generate all their fruit and vegetable needs for the year”

THE ACRE SITE Each block of houses will have a secure site on which to grow their communal crops.

Each site has an area of around an acre to and acre and a half to generate food.

This allows for seasonal locally produced food for everyone in the block of houses.

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DYNAMIC TREE STRUCTURE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

DYNAMIC TREE STRUCTURE

IMPLICATIONS OF THE FORM

Weaving the components rather fixing, the form allows large amounts of flexibility in the structure which is further utilised by the properties of the materials.

The form could be utilised as infrastructure based around a fruit tree. As the trees grows out, the structure will grow around it allowing people to climb it to gain access to the fruit.

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SITE WITH TREE INFRASTRUCTURE

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

TREE INFRASTRUCTURE The trees are organised on the selected site to act as a noise and wind barrier between for the horticulture in between.

The trees of the orchard also help retain the nutrients in the soil to minimise soil erosion on the slope.

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WAITOMO CAVES VISITOR CENTRE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WAITOMO CAVES Designed by Architecture Workshop Ltd, the canopy is made from laminated veneer lumber pine. ETFE pillows are tethered over the gridshell structure allowing light to illuminate the interior.

The timber I beams were joined, overlapped in layers and screwed together on site to create the gridshell structure.

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WITHOMO STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

73

AQUAPONIC BIODOMES DEVELOPMENT SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

FISH The 3 biodomes will act as a nursery for the fish up to the age of 2 years.

After that, the fish will be harvested or released into the lake as they are large enough to survive the South Shields winters. There they will grow for a further 2 years before respawning and can be used as a fishing leisure facility which is part of the greenbelt.

VEGETABLES The aquaponic system can grow tomatoes, peppers, cucumber, lettuce and other salads.

The system uses 90% less water than conventional agricultural methods as the crops are grown in water and only intake the nutrients it needs for photosynthesis.

THE SYSTEM The full system can generate 23,000 fish and 480,000 vegetables a year. This is enough food for 3300 people a year, permanently.

ENVIRONMENT AND MANAGEMENT Very little maintenance is needed to run the operation, and within an enclosed area and closed loop system, there is no wastage from food production and no environmental problems which arise.

ECONOMICAL COST A large investment is needed to install the infrastructure of the operation. After that, the domes will continuously generate food and income in all weather conditions and all fluctuations from international markets.

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BIOPHILIA bi-oh-phil-i-a noun a love of life and the living world; the affinity of human beings for other life forms.

There are numerous problems we face in our society. South Shields like many of the towns and cities in the country suffer from an increase in obesity in both adults and children which also increases other health risks such as diabetes and heart disease. This can be improved through proper diet and exercise. Much of the food in South Shields is bought from superstores, which takes money away from local business and also sources its produce from overseas which raises further ethical concerns such as dependency on oil and over use of pesticides.

Biophilia aims to improve the people of South Shields health by organically producing food for the local community through permaculture principles.

The scheme has 5 main parts; a piazza market, a food court, community allotments, aquaponic food production domes and botanical gardens.

This area can generate all the food needed to support and sustain the people in the opposing housing blocks through community based permaculture. On average 1 person needs to work 1 hour a week on the share allotments to generate all the fruit and vegetables they consume a year.

The Piazza acts a community hub, people gather, trade produce and knowledge of permacultural techniques.

Through automated systems, an abundance of food can be produced locally. The architectural language of the development is the “Architecture of Permaculture�

DESIGN PROPOSALS SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

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PROJECT SCOPE

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

PIAZZA MARKET

PIAZZA MARKET

The piazza acts as a node for the masterplan development. The different growing communities can take the remaining produce to the market where the communities can sell the abundance of fresh local produce with each other.

COMMUNITY ALLOTMENTS

COMMUNITY ALLOTMENTS

The communities are divided into blocks of houses. Each block has a corresponding site opposing the houses.

FOOD COURT

FOOD COURT

Part of the Piazza Market, the food court allows people from the communities to install popup food stalls. All the ingredients are sourced locally from the aquaponic domes or community share allotments.

AQUAPONIC FOOD PRODUCTION

AQUAPONIC FOOD

The 5 community share allotments also have a aquaponic dome for producing fish and vegetables year round. The system is automated to minimise maintenance of food production.

The surplus of food is then sold at the Piazza Market.

BOTANICAL GARDEN

BOTANICAL GARDEN

The botanical gardens surround the site. There is a mix of fruit and nut trees with bushs, shrubs and herbs dispersed throughout. The paths create different sensory routes at different times of the year.

BOTANICAL GARDEN AQUAPONIC FOOD

COMMUNITY ALLOTMENTS

BOTANICAL GARDEN

FISHING POND PIAZZA MARKET

FOOD COURT

0

50m

79

LONG SITE SECTION SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

BOTANICAL GARDEN

AQUAPONIC FOOD

PIAZZA MARKET

FOOD COURT

COMMUNITY ALLOTMENTS

BOTANICAL GARDEN

81

SHARE ALLOTMENT

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

4 1

2

3

5

ALLOTMENT 1

ALLOTMENT 2

Space: 1.5 acres Population: 37 houses Total Labour: 180 hours Labour Per Person: 1.5 hours a week Market: 240kg of vegetables a week

Space: 1.2 acres Population: 37 houses Total Labour: 155 hours Labour Per Person: 1.5 hours a week Market: 150kg of vegetables a week

ALLOTMENT 3 Space: 1.3 acres Population: 37 houses Total Labour: 160 hours Labour Per Person: 1.3 hours a week Market: 120kg of vegetables a week

ALLOTMENT 4 Space: 0.9 acres Population: 31 houses Total Labour: 120 hours Labour Per Person: 1.3 hours a week Market: 120kg of vegetables a week

ALLOTMENT 5 Space: 1.2 acres Population: 21 houses Total Labour: 145 hours Labour Per Person: 2.3 hours a week Market: 300kg of vegetables a week

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ALLOTMENT AREAS

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

ALLOTMENT The row of crops are divided into radial patterns echoing the language of the masterplan.

Using permacultural principals such as crop rotation, natural fertilisers and grey water harvested from the houses to irrigate the crops. The crops use a significant less amount of energy needed to grow and maintain them.

USING PESTS TO OUR ADVANTAGE Using permaculture principles, when pests such as slugs and insects attack the crops, ducks can be introduced to bring down the numbers. The end result is another source of meat. Squirrels can also eat the produce and has been known to taste similar to rabbit.

AUTUMN

WINTER

SPRING

SUMMER

85

ALLOTMENT SECTION SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

COMMUNITY RESIDENCE Each block of houses tends the community allotments.

Grey water and manure is collected and treated before being used on the allotment. Utilising a waste product to produce a better quality and higher yield of crop makes the use of chemical fertilisers redundant.

SHARED ALLOTMENT SHEDS Each site has two sheds for storage of water for irrigation and farming tools including for pruning, ploughing, picking and harvesting.

Water is pumped to the higher elevation using a windmill.

Gravity is used to disperse the water.

FRUIT AND NUT TREE INFRASTRUCTURE

SHARED ALLOTMENT RADIAL ROWS The rows of crops will be arranged around each shed. The rows are in 1m spaces to allow circulation space as well as ample light for the plants to photosynthesise.

Trees are arranged in rows with 4m radius.

This is the optimal space to allow the trees to generate fruit and for photosynthesis. The structures are dynamic and grow with the trees allowing people to climb the trees safely.

The trees also act as a wind barrier during the spring months when the prevailing wind is from the north east.

Deep roots also minimise soil erosion and keep the soils nutrients.

87

ENTRANCE TO SITE IN AUTUMN SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

ENTRANCE TO SITE Autumn colours of vibrant reds, bright yellows and earthy browns populate the trees. The air is scented with the sweet smells of fruit ripening.

Children climb the tree frames to pick the juiciest apples.

Chickens are released to gorge on the fallen fruit spreading seeds and fertilizing the earth.

The flourish of food ushers the Autumn Festival of Food.

89

BOTANICAL GARDENS IN SPRING SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

BOTANIC GARDENS SPRING Dawn breaks. The sun burns through the clouds and illuminates the morning dew on the grass. Its the first day of spring.

Flowers being to blossom bringing new colours and smells into the air.

The sound of children playing in the distance as the birds return to the gardens.

91

AQUAPONIC DOMES INTERIOR SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

AQUAPONIC DOMES The communities work together to decide on the species of fish to farm and the various types of vegetables to grow.

Nitrate rich water is pumped from the domes into the growing towers.

Food is generated throughout the year.

Automated systems allow minimal maintenance needed to operate each dome.

The some of the surplus of fish is released into the lake. Creating a fishing lake for the communities.

93

PIAZZA

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

PIAZZA The communities sell the surplus of food they generate at the piazza.

The South Shield piazza acts as a meeting hub for the local communities to meet, trade and share knowledge of permaculture.

Pop-up restaurants source the fresh local ingredients from the market and orientate the menu based on the

95

TECHNICAL SECTION SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

97

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC

ETFE PILLOW

99

BUNNY EARS STEEL SUPPORT ON CONCRETE BASE

GLULAM TIMBER ARCHS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

BOOKS

BOOKS

BOOKS

Hale, J. (2005) Ends middles beginnings: Edward Cullinan Architects. London: Black Dog.

Herwig, O. (2003) Featherweights: light, mobile and floating architecture. London: Prestel.

Betsky, A. (2002) Landscrapers: building with the land. London: Thames & Hudson.

Bahamon, A. (2004) The magic of tents transforming space. Houston, Tex: HDI.

Leith, J (1991) Space and reolutionL projects for monuments, squares, and public buildings in France 1789 - 1799. London: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Ambrose, G. and Harris, P. (2011) Layout.

Worthing: AVA Academia.

Horden, R. (2008) Microarchitecture: lightweight, mobile, ecological buildings for the future: with 680 illustrations. London: Thames & Hudson.

Silber, E. (1989) Jacob Epstein: sculpture and drawings. Leeds: Maney in association with the Henry Moore Centre for the Study of Sculpture.

Cork, R. (1999) Jacob Epstein. London: Tate Gallery.

Richardson, V. (2001) New vernacular architecture. London: Laurence King.

Shane, D. (2011) Urban design since 1945: a global perspective. Chichester: Wiley 2011.

Watts, A. (2005) Modern construction facades.

London: Springer.

Barry, R. (2001) The construction of buildings.

Oxford: Blackwell Science.

Flagge, I. Bogle, A. Cachola, P (2004) Leicht weit: Jorg Schlaich, Rudolf Bergermann.

London: Prestel.

LAb[au] (2010) MetaDeSIGN. Dijon: Presses du Reel.

Jones, T (1972) The art of light and color: featuring mobile color expression, lumia, kinetic light, with instructions for the creation of dramatic color and light instruments.

London: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.

Popper, F. (1968) Origins and development of kinetic art. London: Studio Vista.

Brett, G. (1968) Kinetic art. London: Studio Vista Ehris, R. (1992) Plastics recycling: products and services. Germany: C. Hanser.

Wall, E. (2010) Urban Design. Lausanne: AVA Academia.

Ingledrew, J. The A-Z of visual ideas: how to solve any creative brief. London: Laurence King.

Wilson, H. (2004) 1000 graphic elements: special details for distinctive designs.

Gloucester: Rockport.

Farrelly, L (2008) Representational techniques.

Lausanne: AVA Academia.

Aubin, P (2011) Revit Architecture 2011. Clifton Park: Cengae Learning.

Gerhard, M (2010) Mastering Autodesk 3ds max design 2011: Autodesk official training guide. Indianpolic: Wiley.

Wing, E. (2009) Revit architecture 2010: no experience required. Indoanapolic, Ind: Wiley Technology Pub.

TELEVISION PROGRAMS

WEBSITES

JOURNALS

Monty Don’s French Gardens (2013) BBC 2 Television, 8 February.

Neuteboom, D. (2008) Real English Fruit.

Available at: http://www.realenglishfruit. co.uk/ (Accessed: 4 March 2013)

VIDEOS

Global Food Security (2013) Global hunger.

Available at: http://www.realenglishfruit. co.uk/ (Accessed: 2 February 2013)

Cattanach, A. (2011) Waitomo Caves Visitor Centre. New Zealand Timber Design Journal Vol 18 Issue 3 [Online] Available at http:// www.timberdesign.org.nz/files/Waitomo_ caves_visitor_cntr_-Cattanach_18-3.pdf (Accessed: 2 March 2013)

theRSAorg (2011) Biomimicry in Architecture.

Available at: http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ijIfdswvh5U (Accessed: 13 February 2013) Chris Harrison (2012) Biomimicry and Landscape Architecture. Available at: http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlrodpEsRpU (Accessed 13 February 2013) TEDtalksDirector (2011) Michael Pawlyn: Using nature’s genius in architecture.

Available at: http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=3QZp6smeSQA (Accessed: 15 February 2013) Teryl Chapel (2013) Randy C aquaponoc growhouse. Available at: http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=I1QMwsEDBcg (Accessed: 4 March 2013) TheAlexJonesChannel (2013) Aquaponic Food Solutions with Owner Rob Nash. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GF_U5__ AxCY (Accessed: 5 April 2013)

JOURNALS CONNOLLY, K. (2010) Optimization of backyard aquaponic food production system. Available at http://backyardaquaponics.com/Travis/ Aquaponics-Design.pdf (Accessed: 7 February 2013)

Sumiyoshi T. and Matsui, G. (1989) Wood Joints In Classical Japanese Architecture.

[Online] Available at http://www.mofa.go.jp/ region/n-america/us/pmv1204/pdfs/Joint_ Statement_en.pdf (Accessed: 15 January 2013)

Forbes, N. (2008) North tyneside childhood obesity report. Available at www.resourcebank.org.uk/resource/ P3HVQDHJ2L2A.PDF (Accessed: 19 January 2013) Harrison, M. (2008) Pocket urban foraging guide. Available at http://www.countrylovers. co.uk/wfs/wfsURBFORAGER.pdf (Accessed: 12 January 2013)

101

CRITICAL REFLECTION SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

103

WEEK 1

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 1 Project briefing followed by 5 slide presentation.

Following DP1 research, I chose to further investigate permaculture.

My chosen site was the green belt on the east side of South Shields.

My initial thoughts was to base the project on permaculture, food and the seasons.

The hive competition based on biomimicry.

Based on the device project, I will use the joint details based from Japanese architecture.

The amphitheatre utilising the typography of the land will act as a market and multi-use space.

The nature walk will act as infrastructure to allow people to pick fruit and vegetables from the trees.

Based on celebration of seasons.

Went to Jesmond Dene to get drift wood for concept model.

Look at Thomas Hillier and C.J. Lim as precedence for photo montage.

PRINCIPALS

CANOPY

The 12 principals of permaculture design are;

The tallest trees in the system.

Large trees dominate but spaces far enough apart so to not absorb all the light within the area.

These could include hazelnuts, walnut, chestnuts.

Observe and interact 1.

2. Catch and store energy 3. Obtain a yield 4. Self-regulation 5. Utilise renewable resources 6. Produce no waste 7. Design from pattern to details 8. Integration of ideas 9. Small and slow solutions 10. Utilise diversity 11. Utilise edges and the minimal 12. Creatively reuse and respond to change

LOW TREE LAYER These are lower trees which could grow citrus trees, apples, pears.

RHIZOSPHERE Root crops including potatoes and carrots.

THE SITE

SHRUBS

VERTICAL LAYER

A diverse layer of bushes which include berries.

Climbers or vines, grapes, runner beans, lima beans.

HERBACEOUS

The site is located on the east side of South Shields currently park land. The Herd sand dunes offers flood and coastal defence from tides. Protection of the sand dunes have allowed local flora and forna to flourish in the area.

The green belt varies in its topography.

SOIL SURFACE Cover crops to retain soil and lessen erosion along with green manures to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.

SEASONAL CELEBRATION Seasonal changes bring a new variety of food to be harvested from the permaculture garden.

The community can celebrate these seasonal changes within the amphitheatre.

PREFAB HIVE Based on the beehive structure, units can be assembled on site, stacked on top of each other and arranged in various ways to fit its function and context.

DEVICE INSPIRATION Influenced from traditional Japanese joint details. The device was designed to be completely assembled on site using low technology and low skilled construction methods.

Annuals, biennials or perennials.

WEEK 2

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 2 5 slide pitch presentation.

Not to jump into designing the building.

Design for various groups of people, old, young, ethnic food.

Potential to build sheds from scrap materials.

Bill Geffen - London may have similar climate to Marseille, implications of olive trees, citrus, mangos.

Alternatively the gulf stream may slow down brining a cooler climate.

Buildings may be permanent.

Build 1:2000 site model.

Site visit for photos and to better understand the site.

SITE MODEL 1:1000 SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

1:1000 SITE MODEL The model demonstrates the steep slope of the site in a 3 dimensional representation incorporating the sites context of roads, buildings and vegetation.

SITE SECTION

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

VICTORIAN TERRACE Typical tyneside beach terrace.

HIGH DENSITY POST WAR FLATS

VICTORIAN TERRACE

Built in the 1960s, this building holds 11 families within the flats. A higher density of housing reduces the prices of accomodation.

The gable ends allows the upper rooms to hold a larger capacity of space to the typical Victorian house.

POST 1960s TERRACE

BUNGALOW

The post 1960s terrace is a 2 story household with bay windows, brick loadbearing structure.

Only a handful of bungalows were built. This is a typical example of the style.

Ocean Road George Scott Street

30 m

St Aidan’s Road

Woodlands Terrace

Julian Avenue

Vespasian Avenue

Trajan Avenue

Fort Street

25 m 20 m 15 m

KEY 1890 1910 1960+

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WEEK 3

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 3 Current conditions of problems.

Prices of food increases, food based on oil, lack of places for kids, getting hotter, health and increased obesity.

More fruit and vegetables to be available.

Aquaponics, permaculture, site section with houses and analyse.

Site model 1:1000 Intensify what can be grown.

Potential of insects.

Take a section of the site due to project becoming a master plan.

Site model 1:250 Demonstrate growth of plants and food in section.

Modelling structural shapes from dowel.

PERMACULTURE

CANOPY

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

The tallest trees in the system. Large trees dominate but spaces far enough apart so to not absorb all the light within the area.

These could include hazelnuts, walnut, chestnuts.

ZONING ZONE 0 The House

PRINCIPALS

ZONE 1 Herb plants and berries which need special attention.

ZONE 2 Beehives and bushs which do not require much attention.

ZONE 4 Semi-wild area for firewood and foraging.

ZONE 3 Vegetables used for personal consumption and market.

ZONE 5 Observing natural ecosystems.

HORTICULTURE ON A SLOPE Slopes of more than 18째 should be forested for soil stability and condensation benefits.

ZONE 5

The 12 principals of permaculture design are; Observe and interact 1.

2. Catch and store energy 3. Obtain a yield 4. Self-regulation 5. Utilise renewable resources 6. Produce no waste 7. Design from pattern to details 8. Integration of ideas 9. Small and slow solutions 10. Utilise diversity 11. Utilise edges and the minimal 12. Creatively reuse and respond to change

SHRUBS HERBACEOUS

A diverse layer of bushes which include berries.

Annuals, biennials or perennials.

NIGHT CONDENSATION

COLD NIGHT AIR

LOW TREE LAYER

RHIZOSPHERE BEST CLIMATE FOR HORICULTURE Highest dams and diversion drain.

ZONE 0 & 1

SITE MODEL 1:250

WINTER FRONTLINE

ZONE 2 & 3

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

1:250 SITE MODEL At this large scale, focus can be taken at s small sector of the site to be developed. The buildings and topography of the site is demonstrated.

Root crops including potatoes and carrots.

SOIL SURFACE Cover crops to retain soil and lessen erosion along with green manures to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.

These are lower trees which could grow citrus trees, apples, pears.

VERTICAL LAYER Climbers or vines, grapes, runner beans, lima beans.

WEEK 4

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY WEEK 4 Project briefing followed by 5 slide presentation.

Following DP1 research, I chose to further investigate permaculture.

My chosen site was the green belt on the east side of South Shields.

My initial thoughts was to base the project on permaculture, food and the seasons.

The hive competition based on biomimicry.

Based on the device project, I will use the joint details based from Japanese architecture.

The amphitheatre utilising the typography of the land will act as a market and multi-use space.

The nature walk will act as infrastructure to allow people to pick fruit and vegetables from the trees.

Based on celebration of seasons.

Went to Jesmond Dene to get drift wood for concept model.

Look at Thomas Hillier and C.J. Lim as precedence for photo montage.

PHOTOMONTAGE CONCEPT

ELEVATED WALKWAYS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Walkways and other devices could provide opportunity and access to the fruits on the trees.

The abundance of food allows natural forna to multiply.

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

AQUAPONIC The fish farmed and grown from the aquaponic ponds can feed the community, a high protein, low in fat protein.

Children can learn about the aquaponic system and a great family activity could be to catch their fresh healthy fish for dinner.

PERMACULTURE EDUCATION FOR ALL Children of South Shields can learn about sustainable growing methods to generate abundance of food, have respect and knowledge of how to grow, maintain, pick and cook vegetables.

LOCAL PERMACULTURE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

INTERVIEW WITH A PERMACULTURER 1 hectare of land can produce enough fruit and vegetable for 40 households with 3 people working all year round to maintain and pick them.

ABUNDANT EARTH Abundant earth is a local permaculture business which produces a range of vegetables and fruits. Limited by the land area, their optimal production of vegetable boxes supplies 30-40 customers on a weekly basis.

The farm is divided into zones derived from permaculture principles

An abundance of food is a magnet for pests such as squirrels, wood pigeons and slugs.

Permaculture suggests to convert problems into a solutions.

Introducing ducks to eat slugs removes the pests and creates a new food source. Pigeons and squirrels are also high in protein low in fat tasting similar to chicken and rabbit.

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WEEK 5

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 5 Interim Review.

Need to do a larger scale site plan to include Jarrow. Pull together all research to create a justified and well throughout scheme.

New York city restaurant where food is grown and fresh and local for customers.

Consider how to get people into the greenhouse. Long-term or shortterm leasing.

Must make it look attractive yet relating to its context. How urban will this garden become. Can the identified marshland be used to grow rice.

WEEK 6

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 6

AMPHITHEATRE DEVELOPMENT SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

Possible heated to grow tropical food.

Photograph Amphitheatre. Add greenery. Develop to the language of the structural forms created with vegetation.

Chateau Villandry, garden architecture.

Cuban Urban agriculture.

Site diagram showing 30 houses.

Possible to Link permaculture site to sea and incorporate slopes.

Jake Hobson cloud pruning.

Cultural context draft 1300 words completed.

Study trip to Valencia and Madrid.

AMPHITHEATRE DEVELOPMENT

AMPHITHEATRE The ampitheatre will have a multi purpose use.

It will allow the people to use to during the different seasons to celebrate the changes of food. The ampitheatre can also be used as an open market for people to sell their produce.

The form of this is based around the traditional circular shape of a ampitheatre with flexable space at the rear for a stage and set during performances.

The geometry is dirived from the geometry used in the villandry.

The second iteration of the space based on the geometry of the structural concept models utilises the curvature forms.

This shape contextually fits into the site and topography of the hill side.

POTAGER

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY COMPARISONS OF CHATEAU DE VILLANDRY AND PERMACULTURE ZONING

KEY JARDIN POTAGER The idea of self sustainability and organic produce isn’t new. Gardens of the French Renaissance and Baroque eras produced gardens which not only provided food for the châteaux, but landscaped the garden in a geometric pattern to create an ornate and efficient in yield garden.

Trees and bushes are pruned to allow maximum amounts of light to each leaf creating beautiful structures

1 Wood 2 Ornamental Garden 3 Audience 4 Water Gardens 5 Sun Garden 6 Maze 7

ZONE 4 Semi-wild area for firewood and ZONE 5 Observing foraging. natural ecosystems.

Chateau de Villandry although ornate in appearance incorporates many permaculture principles into its design.

Firstly the herb garden is located near the chateau as they require most attention.

The kitchen garden is next to the herb garden and is where the bulk of the food is grown.

Finally the wood is located on the outskirts of the landscape for foraging, firewood and observing nature.

ZONE 2 Bushes which do ZONE 3 not require much Vegetables used for attention. personal consumption and market.

ZONE 1 Herb plants and berries which need special attention.

ZONE 0 The House

109

WEEK 7

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 7

SITE WITH TREE INFRASTRUCTURE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

Restructuring of site.

Organise site from public to private.

Calculate the trial area. 1 Person to work 1 hour a week on the allotment. Look at biomimicry and how structural forms is derived from nature.

Generate a clear route through site.

Development of restaurant and cafe.

Finish cultural context essay 3000 words.

Complete Research Methods Viva on mixed reality and BIM. Weekend stag trip to Amsterdam.

BIOMIMICRY STRUCTURAL MUSCLE SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 8

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 8 Look at precedence of Waitomo Caves by Architecture Workshop for structure of gridshell with ETFE. Prepare for final review pin up.

Finalise site layout.

Concentrate on detailing the amphitheatre.

Practice Management Law research into bank loans, cash flow forecast, presentations.

Viva presentation for Architectural Research Methods.

Write best man speech.

111

WEEK 9

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 9 Final Review Pin-up.

Jump between research and building in presentation. Explain the development through diagrams.

Many levels of thought within the scheme, concentrate on one building to detail.

Show key sections of the site.

What permaculture happens on the land topography.

Went to Geographic workshop, learn about the different teaching methods with visuals, photography, diagramming, sketching.

Otis and Cheryls Wedding, Matt visit from Switzerland. Took him to the new exhibitions at the Baltic.

PARTI DIAGRAM

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

PIAZZA MARKET PIAZZA MARKET

BOTANICAL GARDEN

HYDROPONIC DOME

PERMACULTURE PIAZZA MARKET

RESTAURANT

COMMUNITY SHARE ALLOTMENT

This will be the main concentration of the masterplan.

It will act as a node for the permaculture green belt. People will be able to sell the locally produced crops within the market. This will produce revenue to the people living in South Shields and also bring in new money from outside the town.

COMMUNITY SHARE ALLOTMENT COMMUNITY SHARE ALLOTMENT This will act as a trial experiement for people in a block in a street. 30 - 40 families will be able to all help grow a shared allotment to produce enough fruit and vegetables for everyone. It will increase fitness as people will be doing manual labour outside, help strengthen the community by sharing what is grown. Improve families diets.

RESTAURANT

RESTAURANT There will not be any set menu. All food produced will be grown in the area around the restaurant. Every day, the chefs will be able to pick seasonal fresh food and create dishes based around that.

This will set a new benchmark for dinning as organic food is sourced within 100m, fresh and seasonal.

HYDROPONIC DOME

BOTANICAL GARDEN

HYDROPONIC DOME

BOTANICAL GARDEN

The hydroponic dome allows fish to be grown from school to dish. The fish manure will produce nitrates for the vegetables grown alongside the fish, in turn the parasites from the vegetables will be eaten by the fish.

After a year, the fish will be harvested or released into the lake for people to fish from.

The botanical gardens contains infrastructure to allow people to pick fruit and vegetables from the trees and bushes.

Pear and apple trees will act as a sound and wind barrier to the site.

Permaculture principles, will be used to minimise maintenance. (eg chickens to eat rotting fruit, introduce ducks to eat slugs.)

WEEK 10

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 10 Model piazza.

Project scope diagram.

Allotment planning.

Site model on 3D S max.

Time off from Friday to Monday for Easter. Relax.

ALLOTMENT AREAS

AUTUMN

WINTER

SPRING

SUMMER

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

ALLOTMENT The row of crops are divided into radial patterns echoing the language of the masterplan.

Using permacultural principals such as crop rotation, natural fertilisers and grey water harvested from the houses to irrigate the crops. The crops use a significant less amount of energy needed to grow and maintain them.

USING PESTS TO OUR ADVANTAGE Using permaculture principles, when pests such as slugs and insects attack the crops, ducks can be introduced to bring down the numbers. The end result is another source of meat. Squirels can also eat the produce and has been known to taste simliar to rabbit.

AQUAPONIC BIODOME SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

FISH The 3 biodomes will act as a nursery for the the fish up to the age of 2 years.

After that, the fish will be harvested or released into the lake as they are large enough to survive the South Shields winters. There they will grow for a further 2 years before respawning and can be used as a fishing leisure facility which is part of the greenbelt.

VEGETABLES The aquaponic system can grow tomatoes, peppers, cucumber, lettuce and other salads.

The system uses 90% less water than conventional agricultural methods as the crops are grown in water and only intake the nutrients it needs for photosynthesis.

THE SYSTEM The full system can generate 23,000 fish and 480,000 vegetables a year. This is enough food for 3300 people a year, permanently.

ENVIRONMENT AND MANAGEMENT Very little maintenance is needed to run the operation, and within an enclosed area and closed loop system, there is no wastage from food production and no environmental probelms which arise.

ECONOMICAL COST A large investment is needed to install the infrastructure of the operation. After that, the domes will continuously generate food and income in all weather conditions and all fluctuations from international markets.

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WEEK 11

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 11 Plan final boards layout.

List all the images needed for final output.

Model piazza with step and seats.

Site Model with each individual tree infrastructure on level with ground.

Format, install windows, and software on 2nd PC. Begin final board images of long section and external renders.

Start Architectural Research Methods proposal report.

ALLOTMENT SECTION SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

SHARED ALLOTMENT RADIAL ROWS

COMMUNITY RESIDENCE Each block of houses tends the community allotments.

Grey water and manure is collected and treated before being used on the allotment. Utilising a waste product to produce a better quality and higher yield of crop makes the use of chemical fertilisers redundant.

SHARED ALLOTMENT SHEDS Each site has two sheds for storage of water for irrigation and farming tools including for pruning, ploughing, picking and harvesting.

The rows of crops will be arranged around each shed. The rows are in 1m spaces to allow circulation space as well as ample light for the plants to photosynthesise.

FRUIT AND NUT TREE INFRASTRUCTURE Trees are arranged in rows with 4m radius.

This is the optimal space to allow the trees to generate fruit and for photosynthesis. The structures are dynamic and grow with the trees allowing people to climb the trees safely.

The trees also act as a wind barrier during the spring months when the prevailing wind is from the north east.

Deep roots also minimise soil erosion

and keep the soils nutrients.

WEEK 12

SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

WEEK 12 Complete final exterior renders.

Technical section, long section, exploded axonometric.

Crunch time, in order to complete for the hand in on Thursday, all work must be completed on the boards and development book by Wednesday morning for the printers.

Multiple last minute changes to arrangement of the boards. Been working from 8 am - 10pm for the majority of the week to get everything to standard.

Went out Saturday for a meal with old friends. Denied myself the night out in favour for a solid working day Sunday.

Print development book.

Print 4 x A1 boards.

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PERSONAL REFLECTION SOUTH SHIELDS SPACES FOR CEREMONY

SUMMER Learn Revit for profession development.

Address weak areas - Research technical architectural journals.

Complete main body of SSI. Travel. Work.

6TH YEAR Keep on top of the report booklet.

OTHER 53.5 HOURS

SLEEP 52.5 HOURS

STUDY 62 HOURS

TIME WORKING ON PROJECT 14+

(HOURS PER DAY)

Identified the site and having the concept being based around permaculture and developing the architecture of permaculture.

I would record all the research into a graphical style to move quickly through the research section of the project. Large site split the into sections to concentrate and develop one in detail.

Challenge of implementing the characteristics of permaculture into the site but maintain context. Many iterations to develop a coherent functioning scheme for the users.

Structural models were made to create an architectural language, but spent a long time developing the technology and structure through physical and virtual models.

The study trip to Madrid was enjoyable, but the time off did disrupt the momentum of the output I was achieving, and after returning, it was a shock how quickly a final building needed to be drawn up. I would have liked to further developed all the different aspects of the scheme, but due to the time scale of the project, concentrated on the piazza.

Further time was limited due to personal commitments - stag weekend, wedding. A few days was lost due to modelling on Revit, where the same result was achieved in a few hours with 3D S MAX.

AVERAGE WEEKLY SCHEDULE

WORKING TIME

REFLETION

8 1

PROJECT WEEKS

12

117