Campus:Live

2014

CAMPUS:LIVE

WORKBOOK

NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE

FABIAN DANKER BE0996 DESIGN PORTFOLIO FOR CAMPUS:LIVE

CONTENTS

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01

SITE

03

TECHNOLOGY

01.1 01.2 01.3 01.4 01.5 01.6 01.7 01.8 01.9 01.10

Four Processes Erasure Migration Origination Abandoned Northumberland Road Decaying Old Campus Bridge The Decline of Campus East The Quad The Ruin Campus Spacial Syntax 3D Scan Images

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PERFORMANCE

02.1 02.2 02.3 02.4 02.5

Dance Stability Model Stage Concepts Social And Cultural Northumbria Northumbria University Society and Culture Developing The Brief

03.1 03.2 03.3 03.4 03.5 03.6 03.7 03.8 03.9 03.10 03.11 03.12 03.13 03.14 03.15 03.16 03.17 03.18 03.19 03.20 03.21 03.22

Structural History Structural History Form Finding Decoi Architects Curved Platform Concept Architectural Language Precedent Initial Concept Vamos Client Dynamic Modular Structure 2 Dynamic Modular Structure 4 Milling Tests Pavilion Footing CNC Test Dynamic Modular Structure 6 Dynamic Modular Structure 9 Developing Component Size 1:1 Scale Structural Models Structural Engineering Form-Finding Structural Spanning Urban Movement Design Developing The Floor 3D Geometry Interlock Detailing Component Development Planning Assembly

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MANUFACTURING

04.1 04.2 04.3 04.4 04.5 04.6 04.7 04.8 04.9 04.10

Exploded Axonometric Component Assembly Construction Sequence Long Section Component Drawings Component Detailing Manufacturing Logistics Buildability Collaboration Web

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FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

05.1 05.2 05.3 05.4 05.5

Future Development Canopy Concept Image Hyperbolic Paraboloid Configuration Concave Paraboloid Configuration Point Cloud Data Canopy

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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01 SITE

01.1

FOUR PROCESSES

BUNSCHOTEN’S FOUR PROCESSES: Erasure Removal, demolition or erasure is an essential part of urbanism allowing for renewal and change. It can also create unusual juxtapositions or unexpected views.

Origination This condition occurs at a point of change. It might be deliberate, such as a change in zoning, or the renaming or “branding” of a place (e.g. Windscale becomes Sellafield), but it is often unplanned, a new order arising from the wilderness, suggesting new possibilities and functions.

Transformation Transformation describes an exchange of elements or relationships within a given period of time, for example, the infiltration of an industrial zone by a housing estate will change the character of the original zone.

Migration Migration is a dynamic process – identifying moving things, objects travelling through the site, things which come from elsewhere and have to be found a place.

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NEWCASTLE

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01.2 ERASURE

GALVANIC EROSION Galvanic corrosion occurs when two metals are touching. When exposed to an electrolyte. During winter salt is used to lower the melting point of ice, when the ice melts, the salt mixes with the water and creates an electrolyte.

SALT DEPOSITS Salts of the bridge erode from the concrete over time, without maintenance the structural integrity will fail leaving large concrete columns remains.

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DEMINERALISATION EXPERIMENT The plaster model represents the bridge. Over time, corrosion occurs which removes minerals away from the concrete material.

Originally, this experiment aimed to demonstrates the effects of this on a small scale over the period of seven days where mineral build up will create stalagmites and stalactites, however in this experiment, a porous significantly weakened material is left in it’s place.

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01.3 MIGRATION A ROAD THROUGH THE CENTRE The main migration is the movement of vehicles along the motorway. The pedestrians across the bridge are another form of migration.

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01.4 ORIGINATION NATURE RECLAIMED Once left by man, very quickly natural vegetation will flourish and reclaim the site.

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01.5 ABANDONED NORTHUMBERLAND ROAD

ABANDONED CAMPUS Using Chernobyl as precedent, with the abandonment of man allows the natural ecology to be restored in the area. Flora and forna which was once native to the area flourish.

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01.7 DECAYING OLD CAMPUS BRIDGE

MODERN RUIN Many ancient city ruins were used as inspiration for this scene. Ankor Wat demonstrates the decay of time to great monuments. The structural integrity of our buildings without maintenance will quickly decay over years.

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01.7 THE DECLINE OF CAMPUS EAST

CAMPUS EAST Modelled on New York City’s Broadway.

What was originally a natural path for the Native Americans developed into a main road through the centre of Manhattan.

The route between the buildings will still likely act as a main route for the animals to migrate through.

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01.8 THE QUAD THE RUIN

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CAMPUS EAST The quad will likely still act as a node due to the cluster of buildings around it.

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01.9 CAMPUS SPATIAL SYNTAX AGENT LAYER SPATIAL SYNTAX The campus footprint was input into DepthMap (A Spatial Syntax Program) to analyse the circulation space based on views 360 views from each individual 1m².

Agent layer is an algorithm which simulates movement of people through the spaces. This simulations has identified Northumberland Street and the path towards Campus East as the main area of movement.

The program has limitations including; 1) Three dimensional space is simplified into a two dimensional plane.

2) It doesn’t take into account areas which are viewed but not usually walked on. (eg grass areas) 3) It doesn’t incorporate peoples originations and destinations. (Eg people walking from campus east to Ellison building.)

SECONDARY ISOVIST

The limitations are minimised by; 1) Roads are placed into the site but allowing small crossing where traffic crossings are. Grass areas are modelled, as on a typical day, most pedestrians use the paths as opposed to desired line of path.

2) Peoples originations and destinations will be incorporated into isograph on another separate simulation.

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There are two intersections on Northumberland Road which show heavy isovist areas.

HEAVY ISOVIST The west end of the new bridge is identified as a heavy isovist areas. This correlates to the timelapse video. However the bridge shows low circulation which in reality would be a heavy isovist area.

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AGENT LAYER

ISOVIST LAYER

ARIEL PHOTOGRAPH

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01.10 3D SCAN IMAGES

FARO 3D SCANNER 18 scans were conducted placed at intervals of about 10m to allow point clouds to overlap with each other.

One scan became corrupt.

A total of 44 paper markers were used to automate scene stitching with scans were conducted at 6 minute rotations.

The stitching automation didn’t merge the scenes together and had to be manually stitched.

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02 PERFORMANCE

02.1

DANCE STABILITY MODEL

ALEX SCHWEDER & WARD SHELLY, STABILITY, SEATTLE 200

Performance Architecture is dynamic and moving. Its experiential allowing the audien to link spaces with rules of behaviour. This is intrinsic. Spac effects behaviour.

ALEX SCHWEDER STABILITY Performance Architecture is dynamic and moving. Its experiential allowing the audience to link spaces with rules of behaviour.

This is intrinsic. Space effects behaviour.

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STABILITY MODEL Proposed adoption of Stability to demonstrate how performance can be exhibited within an architectural container.

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02.2

STAGE CONCEPTS

STAGE ORIENTATION There are various types of stage orientations for performance in relation to the audience.

The traditional amphitheatre allows the audience to be positioned infront of the stage, whereas the the 360 VIEW stage allocates the audience around the performance. This is suited more to performance artists and demonstrated below in a Cypher circle.

STAGE

360 VIEW

STAGE TRADITIONAL AMPHITHEATRE

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CAMPUS:LIVE GORDON MATTA-CLARK Matta-Clark utilises an open-ended structure for performances where dancers and artists could move through the space.

TRISHA BROWN Trisha Brown requires specific movements through the performance. These images which forms part of Floor of the Forest demonstrates the choreographed movements for the performers. The dancers would weave through the clothes to move through the space.

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02.4

NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY SOCIETY AND CULTURE

SOCIETY AND CULTURE Northumbria University contributes significantly to the social and cultural fabric of Newcastle and Gateshead. The main buildings dedicated to exhibiting humanities are;

UNIVERSITY GALLERY AND BARING WING This gallery exhibits both national and international commissions specialising in painting, sculpture, printmaking and photography.

BATLIC 39 BALTIC 39 is a partnership between Northumbria University and the BALTIC Centre globally recognised as a partnership uniting academic research and contemporary art practice.

GALLERIES INC Galleries Inc is a Northumbria University gallery showcasing the talents of the students through sculpture, drawing, painting and photography.

Central Square North on Forth Square.

GALLERY NORTH Based within the School of Arts and Social Sciences, it serves as a contemporary exhibition space for exhibiting international and regional artists.

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NEWCASTLE CITY COUNCIL BUDGET CUTS In 2012 Newcastle City Council announced it would cut 100% of its budget dedicated to Arts and Culture projects. £1.2m as part of a £100m saving.

This caused great uproar from the community to fight for funding. Over many meetings between the Arts Council England, Newcastle City Council and the Community Foundation, a plan was finalised to cut the budget by 50% (£600,000). However the instability in council funds highlights a how unstable the industry is when it relies on public funding.

The arts and culture industry needs to adapt to economically be viable to allow itself to be sustainable.

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02.5

DEVELOPING THE BRIEF SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABLE

The materials used within the project must be reusable and recyclable. Cradle to cradle lifespan of the project is thought about at all stages from concept, development, build, use and demolition. Materials must be locally sourced when possible.

LOGISTICS The pavilion must be able to be transported easily and packed away. This means that components must be lightweight enough to be carried by two people.

LOGISTICS CNC MANUFACTURE The pavilion will be designed using components which can be CNC cut.

This utilises the benefits of CNC manufacture including increased speed of production, highly accurate manufacturing off-site and cost effective compared to highly skill trained labour to produce the components.

CNC MANUFACTURE MATERIAL The project relies on private company sponsorship and donations for materials.

Using CNC technology to mill components, this limits the materials used on the project to engineered timber products such as plywood and OSB.

LIMITED MATERIALS

ASSEMBLY Joints will be detailed to allow easy assembly of components which can be done by unskilled manual labour.

SIMPLE ASSEMBLE

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THE CHOREOGRAPHER ROBBY is a choreographer and dance artist based in the North East of England. As a member of Bad Taste Cru, he has performed and choreographed across the World since 1998.

In 2008 he represented the UK in an international breaking competition.

In 2013 Robby formed Southpaw Dance Company successfully winning commissions performing around the country as a solo and group performing artist.

SOUND ENGINEER JAMES achieved a first class Masters in Music Production & Engineering at University of Glamorgan researching into the effects of environment and surroundings have on composition and performance. Under the name Slow Clinic, James has released a number of contemporary ambient music which has gained world radio play including notable stations in America, Japan and Great Britain.

THE DESIGNER FABIAN is in his final year Masters of Architecture at Northumbria University, Newcastle.

CAMPUS:LIVE forms the design thesis project for the year.

FABIAN is an award winning architecture student and gained experience working in architecture firms across the world.

Ambitious in his work, he has decided to break the mould and create and manage a live project. Creating a small team of experts in their field he is planning to create a new form of architecture which incorporates art, dance, performance, music and collaboration.

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03 TECHNOLOGY

03.1

STRUCTURAL HISTORY

ANTONIO GAUDI Before the use of computer simulation to calculate structural stresses on forms, Antonio Gaudi used hung weighted cables in tension to calculate the form of La Sagrada Familia towers when in compression.

Left top and bottom images demonstrating Antonio Gaudi’s inverted tension weighted models.

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Right image of Antonio Gaudi’s Sagrada Familia which structure was calculated from inverted tension weights.

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03.2

STRUCTURAL HISTORY FORM FINDING

STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS Felix Candela developed and pushed the boundaries of thin shell concrete roof structures. His work uses three ideals of engineers;

• The drive to conserve natural resources.

• The ethic of engineering to resist wasting money • The aesthetic of engineering to avoid the ugly.

Concave hyperbolic paraboloid.

Curved edge hyperbolic parabolid.

Regular hyperbolic paraboloid

Left centre image of hyperbolic paraboloid with curved edge.

Restaurant Los Manantailes in Xochimilco.

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Left bottom image of curved edge hyperbolic paraboloid.

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STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS Heinz Isler was renown for his experimental, physical methods of form-finding to create expressive shell structures mainly produced in thin-walled concrete.

Isler created the method of “freely shaped hill, the membrane under pressure and the hanging cloth reversed” Ove Arup discussed three themes of; • The relationship between model and reality and the problem of scale; • The difficulty of describing the resulting form and the associated problem of economic realisability • self-sufficiency of the form-finding methods with architectural demands.

“The shell is the supporting structure and the space enclosure at the same time. So it cannot be but honest”

Heinz Isler (1967)

Isler addressed the first two themes, he ignored the comment about architectural demands.

Isler’s architectural design attitude directly expressed in questions of the appropriateness of built form and the related means of construction necessary for the form.

This generates an economy of building methodology.

Low consumption of materials and energy Reduced need for maintenance with greatest degree of covered space.

The fabric methodology of calculating struactural forms was discovered on site when wet burlap had been draped over a steel-bar mesh so that within one square opening, the cloth hung in a dome like solely under its own weight. This observation demonstrated that the cloth was held in pure tension, thus when reversed it could be the form of a concrete shell under pure compression.

Top right image demonstrating Heinz Isler’s methodology of fabric model.

Bottom right image of Heinz Isler’s Laboratory and research facility for the Gips Union shell concrete shell structure.

Left image of Sicli Company Building thin reinforced concrete shell structure.

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03.3

DECOI ARCHITECTS

ONE MAIN STREET dECOi Architect’s One Main Street Project utilises digital form, sustainable timber and CNC milling.

The entire project was created using 1200 sheets of 4 ft x 12 ft x 1.5” plywood milled using a 3-axis CNC router.

Wood was sources from sustainable forests using non-toxic water-based glue.

Wastage 10% was pulped and recycled.

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CNC SCULPTURE Using DECOi Architect’s One Main Street Project as precedent, this model uses the layering effect of materials to create forms. Although it serves as an interesting exercise, a large amount of material is used in this method of construction and this impacts the cost, weight and logistics of the project. For the purpose of a stage, it is not practical.

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03.4

CURVED PLATFORM CONCEPT

PLATFORM CONCEPT Using 3D Studio Max, a box was modelled, using vertices, the central points were exclude upward and Turbosmooth modifier was selected.

This was then saved as an .STL file and imported into 123D Make.

123D Make is a program which can convert a solid geometry into interlocking slices to be cut out via laser cutter or CNC machine.

MODEL WASTAGE The total material used from the MDF sheet equates to 53%. This will need be reduced to become more efficient with resources.

Potential improvements can be implemented by dividing the pieces into smaller components as this will allow better tessellation of shapes.

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03.5

ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE PRECEDENT

SERPENTINE GALLERY PAVILION 2005 The pavilion designed by Alvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto De Moura was a temporary structure demonstrating the use of timber construction and polycarbonate cladding to create a space. The canopy components are modular in form which creates the span, the columns thereby support the canopy structure and are a new modular shape with interlocking beams.

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CAMPUS:LIVE DYNAMIC STRUCTURE The module construction allows for a high tessellation minimising sheet wastage.

The modular construction allows for the components to be replaced easily if there is a breakage within the structure.

The junctions between the components allow some movement which allows the form to bend into a parabolic curve in the x and z axis. The form can also compress and expand in both longitude and latitude.

Tessellation Pattern Central Slot

Connection Joint

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS The module shape needs to be refined to allow better flexibility of the overall structure.

This can be achieved by rounding the end connection joints and allowing the hinging system to pivot within the centre structures.

This will allow for a smoother curve to be created and a larger controlled array of flexibility.

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03.6

INITIAL CONCEPT

EASY TO ASSEMBLE

DESIGN CONCEPT

FLEXIBLE FOR MULTIPLE USES CREATE UNLIMITED FORMS EXPANDABLE FOR VARIOUS SIZES

SIMPLE ASSEMBLY

PLA PLASTIC

OSB BOARD

SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS MADE FROM:

CORN

UK SOURCED RENEWABLE TIMBER

SUSTAINABLE: PROPERTIES: ENVIRONMENT:

EASY STORAGE

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NO WARP

STRONG LAYER BONDS

BIODEGRADABLE

LOW RESIN STRONG FIBRE STRUCTURE RECYCLABLE

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QUICK TO DISASSEMBLE EASY MODULAR STORAGE EASILY REPLACE MODULAR COMPONENTS NO TOOLS REQUIRED

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03.7

VAMOS CLIENT

A GROWING FESTIVAL AND AUDIENCE The !VAMOS! festival has been growing and developing since 2006 drawing 100,000 visitors from the Newcastle region. !VAMOS! an international festival appealing to artists, partners and mainstream audiences that is unconstrained by art form, age-group or regional location.

1. NEWCASTLE NORTHERN STAGE Saturday 7th June

3. SUMMERHILL BOWLING CLUB Saturday 14th June 50

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2. NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY CAMPUS Wednesday18h June

4. TOFFEE FACTORY Saturday 21st June

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03.8

DYNAMIC MODULAR STRUCTURE 2

DYNAMIC STRUCTURE 2 The module construction allows for a high tessellation minimising sheet wastage. The modular construction allows for the components to be replaced easily if there is a breakage within the structure. The junctions between the components allow some movement which allows the form to bend into a parabolic curve in the x and z axis. The form can also compress and expand in both longitude and latitude.

Central Slot

Connection Joint FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS The module joints don’t allow for full mobility due to the hinge location in the centre of the cross overs. Only a subtle curve can be achieved and doesn’t allow a parabolic arch.

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CAMPUS:LIVE DYNAMIC STRUCTURE 3 The module construction allows for a high tessellation minimising sheet wastage.

The modular construction allows for the components to be replaced easily if there is a breakage within the structure. The junctions between the components allow some movement which allows the form to bend into a parabolic curve in the x and z axis. The form can also compress and expand in both longitude and latitude.

Central Slot

Connection Joint FUTURE DEVELOPMENT The frame allows full fluid movement, however the next iteration will need to be a smaller length to allow the aesthetic to keep the developed language. Potentially the metal bolts can be replaced with 3D printed fixtures which has lower embodied energy and doesn’t come lose over time.

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03.9

DYNAMIC MODULAR STRUCTURE 4

DYNAMIC STRUCTURE 4 By removing the connection components between the interlocking components, a sturdier structure is created. Although the flexibility of the overall structure isn’t as articulated as the previous iteration, it does allow subtle curvatures and movement.

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STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION The structural system allows full flexibility in form which also allows it to be compressed for storage and transportation.

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03.10 MILLING TESTS CORNER DRILL HOLE

MILLING TEST The component was edited to allow for the milling machine to cut into interior corners.

The milling machine takes .STL files which are 3D models milling the components as 3D models rather than cutting the profile.

As the drill head goes over the whole surface area of .STL file, this increases manufacture time to 4 hours for the 4 components which is very long for each component.

IMPROVEMENTS

LIMITATIONS The components were offset by 6mm as is the size of the drill head this was to minimise wastage of sheet material to create the maximum amount of components per sheet.

However when milling, the program recognised the gap as too small to drill.

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Minimise Wastage The components will need to be offset by 6.5mm to minimise wastage, yet allow the drill program to recognise the gap.

Improve Speed It is also possible for the milling machine to recognise .DXF files which are 2D drawings, this will cut the profile of the components and significantly increase the routing time.

CAMPUS:LIVE CNC MILL TEST II The components were moved to minimise drill head coming into contact with the metal fixing bolts. The total time of milling the 18mm plywood for the 4 components was 1 hour 30 minutes. This may be minimised by using a thinner material and changing the settings of the material on the CNC software which to reduce the number of passes by milling more material per pass.

BROKEN JOINT

ROUGH SURFACE

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03.11 PAVILION FOOTING CNC TEST

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FOOTING COMPONENT VERSION 1

FOOTING COMPONENT VERSION 2

The ball hinge allows full movement between components.

However, the design doesn’t allow the footings to be fixed into place.

The finger joints allow the footings to lock into each other. The angle of rotation is limited to 45° and 90°.

There is no tolerance for cut pieces to fit.

CAMPUS:LIVE FOOTING COMPONENT VERSION 3

FOOTING COMPONENT VERSION 4

The finger hinge allows 2mm tolerance on the male fingers.

The finger hinge and central slot are modified to allow the 6mm Ø CNC drill head.

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03.12 DYNAMIC MODULAR STRUCTURE 6

INTERLOCKING STRUCTURE 6 The bolts are designed to minimise the nut coming loose from component rotation.

Although the joints allow movement, the is an inability to fix the components into set positions.

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INTERLOCKING STRUCTURE VERSION 7

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INTERLOCKING STRUCTURE 7 The bolts are designed to allow freedom of movement for components without interfering with the nut leaving the bolt thread.

However the large tactile nature of the bolt makes inserting of fixtures difficult.

The bolt can be adapted to allow secondary fixing bolts and nuts to be implemented.

Alternatively, the 3D printed bolts can be changed for smaller ones.

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03.13 DYNAMIC MODULAR STRUCTURE 9 INTERLOCKING STRUCTURE 9 The modular components of this structure allows multiple forms to be created. The connection bolts allow rotational movement as well as adjustable lengths.

Tiles of components can be moved to site, assembled together then lifted into place.

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SCALING THE COMPONENTS 03.14 DEVELOPING COMPONENT SIZE COMPONENT SIZE Assembling components on site can be a difficult and dangerous task depending on the scale of the pieces.

At the scale of one component piece being around 1700mm in length, this creates large spans which could be hazardous to people constructing it

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CAMPUS:LIVE SMALLER COMPONENTS SAFER CONSTRUCTION Reducing the component size to 1000mm in length also reduces the spans in between the frame. This allows more space for the assemblers to balance and hold onto during assembly and disassembly. However, it may be optimal for the components to be reduced further to the distance of an average persons foot to knee. This will allow people to climb the frame easily using each grid level as a ladder.

LIMITATIONS IN DESIGN Due to the small tolerances in the design, the 6mm drill makes it difficult to mill out the intricate finger locks this is further complicated due to the nature of the plywood material.

However with OSB board, this problem may be increased.

The surface layers need to be sanded to create a higher quality finish to the components.

However more importantly, the component must be redesigned to allow for interlocking and fixing components.

This can be an adapted form the shell structure.

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03.15 1:1 SCALE STRUCTURAL MODELS

LIMITATIONS • On-site assembly can be time consuming.

• Structural strength is reduced with interlocking joint.

• Susceptible to water damage.

OSB sheets break under pressure.

Poor strength to weight ratio.

• Independent component assembly creates unstable structures.

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CAMPUS:LIVE SCALE SECTION TEST The scale sectional model demonstrates problems which occurs with this type of modular component created with OSB. Although the structure when complete is very strong as a dome, in section the form is weak as there are no lateral bracing. This causes the structure to

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03.16 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING FORM-FINDING

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Collaborating with Marc at SHED Consultants proved to be beneficial, both on the insurance policy and also on creating a structurally stable form.

These images demonstrates the iterative design steps created during conversations with the engineer.

SPANNING THE GAP This first drawing demonstrates a regular circle as the main framework for the pavilion.

The form creates limitations in terms of having to span larger areas to create a larger volume. The overall shape looks similar to a shell.

SMOOTH SHELL The third iteration demonstrates the smooth curves of the structure.

The spans are of 400mm. Potential problems with this form would be that the assembly of the pavilion would take a long time.

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CREATING THE SHELL The second iteration demonstrates how the pavilion can be created through offset sections which could bolt together on site.

FACETED SHELL The fourth iteration demonstrates faceted components. This opens up the possibility for utilising a different material such as timber batters. The aesthetics of the pavilion are heavily influenced by this change. The lateral beams would then be able to interlock into the vertical arches.

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03.17 STRUCTURAL SPANNING 9:00

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12:00

STRUCTURAL SPANNING 400

STRUCTURAL SPANNING 600

These quick renders simulate how light will enter into the pavilion.

The initial option was for spans of 400mm components will need to be 12mm x 12mm x 100mm.

A alternative was 600 mm spans.

However the thickness of components would need to be increased to 18mm x 18mm x 180mm.

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FALSE COLOUR

FALSE COLOUR

15:00 15:00 470 Cd/m2 is the maximum luminous intensity within the pavilion. The frame at this stages has a significantly reduced amount of daylight exposure due to the low altitude of sun direction.

15:00 470 Cd/m2 is the maximum luminous intensity within the pavilion. The frame at this stages has a significantly reduced amount of daylight exposure due to the low altitude of sun direction.

STRUCTURAL SPANNING 600 The developed 600 mm span had many benefits to 400mm span.

The larger spans creates less components which needs to be bolted on site.

The larger spans also produce larger areas of light within the internal space of the pavilion.

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03.18 URBAN MOVEMENT DESIGN URBAN MOVEMENT DESIGN Based on stances of yoga, Unire - Unite demonstrates a number of different positions the body can create through the geometric forms created by the plywood.

The geometry is derived by the ergonomics of the human form to create a variety of stretches to promote good health.

The plywood components were CNC cut and slotted into positions.

A concrete canvas was used to upholster the ribs. This is a flexibility material which when water is added can be moulded on site and left to dry. What is left is a hardened smooth material.

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Images from Urban Movement Design

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03.19 DEVELOPING THE FLOOR

INITIAL FLOOR CONCEPT The 600mm structural grid of the frame was used to create bands of undulating floors. Each floor could have varying peaks and trophs to allow visits to sit, lie or lean on the floor. The floor could then be overlaid with milled MDF which covers the internala spans.

STRUCTURAL BANDS

3D GEOMETRY FLOOR

SLICED GEOMETRY FLOOR 74

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1:1 SEATING TEST Slots are spaced at 75mm centres with 12mm thick MDF. Although not painful, does cause some discomfort after time.

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03.20 3D GEOMETRY INTERLOCK

OASIS FOAM FORMING

3D MODELLING FORM

3D MODEL SLICED 76

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03.21 DETAILING COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT

COMPONENT DETAIL Each pre-assembled component will have a plastic cover protecting the plywood pieces to create a waterproof barrier when the pavilion is fully erected.

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EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC DIAGRAM

PLYWOOD

OSB

DPC

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03.22 PLANNING ASSEMBLY

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCING After the pavilion has been assembled off-site, the components will need to be disassembled for transit and assembled on site.

This enables that the pavilion is created in a clean working environment ensuring maximum control over the manufacturing of the pavilion. This also allows that on site construction is kept to a minimum to allow a fast on site production.

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EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC

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COMPONENT ASSEMBLY

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NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY’S FIRST LIVE PROJECT

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04.4

LONG SECTION

SPECIFICATION 1

M8 55mm Nuts, Bolts and Washers

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Vis-queen Plastic Sheet

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18mm Plywood Sections

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11mm Orientated Strand Board 2 Interlocking Sections

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Tuffreel Damp Proof Membrane

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COMPONENT DRAWINGS

18mm Plywood Profile Drawings

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11mm Orientated Strand Board Profile Drawings

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04.6

COMPONENT DETAILING

DETAILING For the milling machine to cut internal right angle slots, all the connections had to be modified to allow the drill head to route past the required slot. This demonstrates the limitations with current CNC manufacturing. The images below illustrates the detailing of slots before and after modification when using CNC routing to cut CAD drawn component profiles.

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04.8 MANUFACTURING

Note: During the time of manufacturer visit, the components were cut with 8mm excess making all the pieces unable to slot together. The problem was due to the programming of the machine. This was later amended, new OSB sheets were cut and plywood was reordered.

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LOGISTICS

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BUILDABILITY

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04.10 COLLABORATION WEB MARTIN PURVIS Martin is the senior technician of the Engineering and Architecture workshop.

Before the delivery was booked, a safe route from the offloading lorry to the workshop was arranged and ample space was cleared in the workshop to ensure that the pavilion could be properly assembled.

ANDREW MACKINTOSH Andrew is the operations director of Willmott Dixon. He served as the first point of contact for sending the project media pack to within Willmott Dixon who generously donated materials towards the project. After

CHRIS RUBERY Chris works for James Paul Services which acts as one of Willmott Dixons Sub-contractors.

IAN FLOOD Ian is a Northumbria University Alumni and currently employed as a project surveyor for Willmott Dixon.

All correspondence for materials went through Ian. Willmott Dixon was also interested in further developing business and community links with Northumbria University. Future activities and events will include site visits for Part I students.

LIZ TURNER Liz is the university liaison manager for Trada. A short list of local building merchants who had previously supplied materials to students were created for sending out media packs informing companies of the project.

LAUREN WARK Lauren is the marketing intern at Norbord, she liaises between the finance team, marketing and the designer to ensure the company is gaining good public exposure for the donation of materials towards the project.

SPECIAL THANKS TO TAYLOR ALDEN MARKETING Alison Relf

NORBORD Lauren Wark

CNC D

PETER SMITH Peter is the director of Max Fixings, nuts, bolts and washers were subsidised. This was for exchange of company promotion during the exhibition.

DESIGNER AND TEAM LEADER MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS

LEGAL ADVICE

UNIVERSITY AUTHORITIES STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

IAN VAMOS CLIENT PERFORMANCE CONSULTANT

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Ian cost to fi and corr

CAMPUS:LIVE BRIAN COWAN Brian is the assistant director of facilities management at Northumbira University.

As parts of the campus is owned by Newcastle Council, the siting of the pavilion needed to be on campus premesis otherwise local authorities may ask to disassemble the structure without prior concent

PAUL RAYNER

JAN STAFFORD

SIMON WILLIS

Paul managers the University Services team. On the day of delivery, Paul and Simon were walked through all the logistical steps from lorry entrance, parking, offloading points and route to workshop for components pieces.

Jan acts as faculty manager for Northumbria University. She ensured that all personnel who needed to be involved including insurance, health and safety were all informed

Simon is the Facilities Manager for Northumbria University. As the delivery of the cut profiles from Decorpanel were classed as manual lifting, students were unable to help offload the delivery without manual handling training.

Porters had to be booked due to insurance and liability purposes.

JOHN ANDERSON John is head of security for Campus Estates. Before the pavilion was assembled, he ensured that the security staff were aware of the pavilions assembly on site as well as CCTV coverage of the pavilion during and after assembly.

PORTER TEAM Paul Rayner

LESLEY SALKELD Lesley is the safety and sustainability personnel for Northumbria University.

She acted as the first point of contact for the risk assessment officer and university insurance advisor.

FACILITIES MANAGER Simon Willis

SENIOR TECHNICIAN Martin Purvis

SUSAN HARRISON Susan is the risk assessment officers at Northumbria University. A step by step process of all the potential risks and hazards were addressed for the assembly “break-in” and “break-out” of the pavilion.

FACILITIES MANAGER Simon Willis SECURITY John Anderson

ANNE HUDSON JAMES PAUL SERVICES Chris Rubery

RISK ASSESSMENT Susan Harrison

CAMPUS SERVICES Brian Cowan

Anne is the insurance advisor for Northumbria University. She ensured that the insurance policy of student projects protects for public liability during the assembly and use of the pavilion on university property.

FACULTY MANAGER Jan Stafford

PROJECT SURVEYOR Ian Flood

MARC HORNE SAFETY AND SUSTAINABILITY Lesley Salkeld

WILLMOTT DIXON Andrew Mackintosh

TRADA Liz Turner

SHED CONSULTANTS Marc Horn

INSURANCE ADVISOR Anne Hudson

EVENTS MANAGER Jonathan Beweley JONATHAN BEWELEY ATTAYA Lalya Gaye

SOUND ENGINEER James Armstrong

DESIGNER Fabian Danker

Marc is a fully qualified structural engineer and director of SHED consultants. His role ensured that the structural thicknesses of the materials were adequate for wind and live loads.

Jonathan is the director of Locus+ a events managing consultancy for artists creating outdoor installation projects. He advised on the liabilities and implications of creating a live project.

JAMES ARMSTRONG MAX FIXINGS Peter Smith

Jonathan is the director of Locus+ a events managing consultancy for artists creating outdoor installation projects.

VAMOS Nikolas Barrera

CHOREOGRAPHER Robby Graham DECORPANEL Ian Ling

C TECHNICIAN Doug Smith

LALYA GAYE

NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY LAW Christopher Simonds

SOLICITOR INTERN April Hall

LOGISTICS Anthony Hopps

CIRCUS CENTRAL Helen Avery

BEN HOARE BELL Val Addison PTH TRUCK HIRE Steve Taylor

JOINER AND PERFORMER Daniel Labrinth

Lalya is the director at Attaya artist collective. She is experienced with multimedia digital art installations. Her expertise has influenced the digital interaction aspect of the pavilion with sound.

NIKOLAS BARRERA SOLICITOR INTERN Prabhi Ghura

Nik is the director and founder of the VAMOS Festival. He ensures that the pavilion will fit and function within the VAMOS festival. He is in charge of promoting the project, insurance and health and safety of the project on VAMOS sites.

PERFORMANCE CONSULTANT Nicola Singh

DANIEL LABRINTH Daniel is a trained joiner and circus performer. His unusual mixture of skills makes him a perfect consultant for this project. He was able to advise on the limitations of materials with assembly.

N LING

LAW

ROBBY GRAHAM

NICOLA SINGH

HELEN AVERY

is the director of Decorpanel, the t of the project had to be negotiated fit the budget. He liased with Doug d Anthony to ensure the pieces were rectly cut and delieveryed to site.

Northumbria University have professional links with Bell Hoare Bell solicitors offering legal advice for interns.

They highlighted legal liabilities of the live project and the risks involved.

Robby informed the criteria of the pavilion as an initial brief. Logistics of the pavilion is important, this includes the materials which are used and the strength of it.

Nicola is currently researching into performance and architecture. She informed the framework and function of the project at the start.

Helen is the director of Cirus Central, she acted as consultant to the project for networking with performers early in the project.

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05.1

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN CNC CONSTRUCTION

1

The pavilion demonstrates the possibilities and limitations of current CNC manufacturing methods with engineered sheet material of OSB and plywood. Due to the strength to weight ratio of the materials, large spans, slender components and high efficient use of materials are limited.

Using modular components to create a structural frame is also limited to the level of loading the nodes can withstand. By developing a 1:1 scale pavilion, the lessons learnt from the technology and materials highlights potential improvements from CNC manufacturing.

TILE COMPONENT SPECIFICATION

2

3

4

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1.

ETFE Pillow.

2.

10mm Aerogel Infill Insulation.

3.

25mm Phase Changing Material Plaster Board.

4.

3D Printed Carbon Fibre Frame.

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3D PRINTED COMPONENTS Later this year the first commercially available carbon fibre 3D printer will be released. Costing only ÂŁ2000, the printer will be able to produce components with the strength to weight ratio of higher than aluminium.

In the near future it will be possible for the architect to fully design and produce bespoke components for projects. The cost of manufacturing bespoke designs would be similar to that off mass produced items enabling a new era in design through 3D printing.

The images below demonstrate the applications of 3D printed components for use within architecture.

The components can be designed to minimise material usage, created with very little wastage and using smart materials, it can be excellent fin perfomance of strength to weight.

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CANOPY CONCEPT IMAGE

Exterior perspective demonstrating the adaptability of the structural framework used as a street canopy. The canopy can be used for both temporary and permanent cover.

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HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID CONFIGURATION PAVILION

CAMPUS:LIVE Exterior perspective demonstrating the structural framework used as a 100 Person pavilion within the Baltic Square. The lightweight components creates cover for a number of activities.

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CONCAVE PARABOLOID CONFIGURATION PAVILION

External perspective of connected concave paraboloid forms demonstrating the structural frameworks expandability and adaptable forms.

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05.5

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POINT CLOUD DATA CANOPY

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