SUBLIMITY OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE -- A Thesis on Changing the Image of a Nuclear Power Plant
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Sublimity of Horror Architecture A Thesis on Changing the Image of a Nuclear Power Plant
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Fan Pan 03457526 Academy of Art University Graduate School of Architecture M. Arch (63 units) Presentation Day: December 20th, 2019 Graduation Day: December 20th, 2019
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Project Description
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Abandoned infrastructure embodies the beauty of human’s creation, which not only includes the embedded beauty of technolog y and histor y, but also includes the potential functions in the future and the oppor tunities of utilizing the strong formal statement. This project explores such beauty of the abandoned infrastructure. In this project, the design needs an alternative method. Rather than Modernist “form follows function,” which had already happened as engineers first designed and constructed the site, “function follows form” will be the suitable design strateg y so that the already-power ful industrial formal language can be revitalized for new programs and new visitors. 5
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Study Timeline
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FA17 ARH 609: Intermediate Design Studio 1 Peter Suen & Mark Myers ARH 620: Digitally Generated Morphology Peter Suen ARH 602: Graduate Design Technology 1: Structures Carl Wilford ARH 641: Architectural History: Modernism and its Global Impact Stamatina Kousidi
6 units 3 units 3 units 3 units
SP18 ARH 608: Advanced Design Studio 1 - Concept, Context,& Typology 6 Mark Mueckenheim & Maria Paz De Moura Castro ARH 604: Material and Methods of Construction: Building Detailing 3 David Gill ARH 642: Architectural Theory 3 Dora Johns IAD 625: Survey of Sustainable Design 3 Michael Sammet SU18 ARH 659: Digitally Generated Fabrication Peter Suen
units units units units
3 units
FA18 ARH 619: Advanced Design Studio 2 - Concept & Comprehensiveness 6 units David Gill & Ethen Wood ARH 690: Thesis Preparation & Development 3 units David Gill ARH 605: Graduate Design Technology 2: Environmental Controls 3 units Shakeel Ahmed/Matthew Williamson/Wyatt Kennedy/Toby Lewis/ McLean Pierce/Darby Rowland/Goetz Frank/Jennifer Asselstine SP19 ARH 810: Master of Architecture Thesis 6 units Maria Paz De Moura Castro ARH 606: Construction Documents and Building Codes 3 units Yim Gloria Lim Jew GR 700: MA Portfolio Seminar 3 units Marry Scott SU19 IAD 611: BIM 3 units Edward Pertcheck ARH 614: Architectural Professional Practices 3 units Elizabeth Tippin FA19 ARH 810: Master of Architecture Thesis 6 units David Gill Total Units: 63 units 7
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Table of Contents
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1.01 Concept Statement
11-14
1.02 User Group Narrative
15-20
1.03 Precedent Studies
21-52
1.04 Research
53-72
1.05 Research Summar y
41-47
1.06 Site & Context Analysis
73-76
1.07 Existing Site
77-92
1.08 Area Master Plan
93-100
1.09 Program Diagram
101-104
1.10 Spatial Analysis
105-112
1.11 Building Code Analysis
113-114
1.12 Site Model
115-120
1.13 Massing Study Models
121-136
1.14 Bibliography
241-253
2.01 Development Models
137-152
2.02 Site Plan
153-156
2.03 Floor Plans
157-166
2.04 Building Section
167-170
2.05 Elevation
171-174
2.06 &2.07 Wall Section & Par tial Elevation
175-178
2.08 Building Details
179-184
2.09 Sustainability Strateg y
185-200
2.10 Egress Diagram
201-202
2.11 Structural Diagrams
203-214
2.12 Mechanical Diagrams
215-216
2.13 Public Space Section
217-218
3.01 Presentation Model
219-222
3.02 Exterior Perspectives
223-226
3.03 Interior Perspectives
227-240
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Project Abstract
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This project is to explore and find a solution for the decommissioned Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant to be attractive to the public and serve the public. The Power Plant was put in operation in 1974 for Sacramento County. However, it had experienced several malfunctions, which provoked many discussions on energy and sustainability. Eventually, this nuclear power plant was fully decommissioned in 2009. Today, after equipment has been removed, the left structure, which was designed to adapt to the machine scale, becomes empty and program-less. The huge empty structure creates a sense of fear for visitors, and make people aware of what it was used to be and concern about what it will be. The proposed architectural solution breaks down the huge and “un-human-friendly� scale to fit human occupation by introducing a series of new programs, focusing on recreation, education, and research, to the existing cooling tower structures while incorporating secondary programs to the entire site. Proposed programs include energy and climate research labs for science, exhibitions for education, bicycling and camping for recreation, a green economy matrix for business, and conference centers for politics. With architecture being an intermediate, integrating these programs will create a chance for people who are not familiar with the site and energy production to learn about them, a location for people who are looking for special experiences to enjoy the structure, an opportunity for experts from different disciplines to work together to find out the ultimate sustainable solutions for the problems we have now.
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Concept Statement
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“Instead of thinking that individual machines amplified an individual’s life-world, this technological system had created the possibility of a ‘death-world.’” -- David E. Nye
Nuclear energ y has been both celebrated and criticized ever since it was discovered. The radioactive material uranium was discovered in 1789, but it was not until 1895 that scientists first noticed nuclear radiation, which then lead to the utilization of nuclear energ y around the world. The X-ray, as a type of nuclear energ y, has brought people many benefits, especially in life science where nuclear radiation imaging is used. However, as the study of atomic energ y advanced through time, nuclear fission brought about the nuclear bomb. This bursting form of nuclear energ y, unlike the subtle radiation in medical experiments, shocked the world with the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, which lef t a long-lasting horrifying impression that still scares people today. On the other hand, our ability to control the energ y-generating process of nuclear energ y has progressed and has led to the use of nuclear power plants throughout the world. 13
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Since the nuclear energ y-generating process produces a large amount of heat that requires an enormous body of water to cool down the system, huge cooling towers are constructed to cool down the heated water before releasing it into the environment. Cooling towers have become par t of the nuclear power plant typolog y, and they have come to be an icon of nuclear power plants. During the Cold War period, the U.S. and the Soviet Union competed to construct nuclear-powered electricity generators to suppor t their economic grow ths and militar y developments. Meanwhile, in the 1960s and 19070s, due to the oil and coal crisis, countries like the U.S. aimed to become energ y independent. Along with the increasing awareness all over the world that the pollutions from fossil fuel plants damaged the environment, people began to notice how “environmental-friendly” nuclear power plants were as they produced much less air pollution than fossil fuel plants during the power generating process. To conclude, nuclear power plant construction companies experienced a business boost because of all these factors. However, in 1979, the Three Mile Island’s nuclear power plant had an accident. People identified this accident as an indicator of the meltdown of the nuclear industr y in the U.S. People came to realize the heavy construction of nuclear power plants was not sustainable at all. Additionally, the consequences of a failing nuclear power plant were unbearable no matter what. The cooling towers, the representation of nuclear power plants, warn people about the danger of nuclear energ y and remind people about the horror of accidents.
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Despite the debates about whether nuclear energ y is benefiting human society or harming it, and whether nuclear energ y should be considered as green energ y or not, the image of nuclear power plant architecture can be identified as a new categor y of architecture: horror architecture. Horror architecture features a few unique characteristics: enormous scale (machine scale) , massive but simple volumes, highly secured sites, and specialized original functions that were designed for cer tain dangerous operations. This thesis is to exploit the horror architecture and to propose a design to shif t the ideolog y of “horror” to “sublime” so that the horror architecture can be welcoming to the general public. The chosen site Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant was first opened in 1974, the year of the Arab nations’ oil embargo against the U.S. ended. It was put into operation to provide electricity for the increasing number of Sacramento County residents. It was decommissioned in 2009. Now that this industrial area is no longer using uranium to produce electricity, the heavy structures are lef t empty and program-less. The remaining structure on-site includes the cleaned-up reactor unit, two cooling towers, and a few of fice buildings. Besides the master planning of the entire area, my main design focuses on re -utilizing the towers and modify them as needed for the whole renovation. The site -featured characteristics are vastness and emptiness. The enormous machine scale awes the visitors at their first sight. The original radioactive function aler ts visitors about its destructive potential and its incredible electricity-generating ability. To bring programs related to energ ysaving and climate control on this site has both tangible and intangible reasons. The remaining structures provide more than enough spaces for the programs. The site context, which is the wasted used-to-be nuclear power plant, gives an emotional twist as it gets transformed into a green energ y research center. By introducing new programs to the site and new perspectives to look at the site, the huge and un-human-friendly scale can be broken down for human occupation.
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User Groups 1/ User Groups Identification 2/ Sacramento County Demographic Data 3/ Typical Environmentalists
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1/ User Groups Identification
Green Economy Green Tech/Product Expo Green Economy StartUps Google Uber
Tourists
Biker Campers Horsing Riding Local Residents
Staff Energy Production Staff Food Service Staff Store Sales Staff Delievery Staff Green Hospitality Service Movie Industry Staff
Educators Professors Teachers
K-6 to K-12 Afterschool Camp K-6 to K-12 School Field Trip College Class Field Trip
Green Building/City
Environmental Activists Hunter Lovins Robert K. Watson Phil Radford Amory Lovins
Energy Researchers Energy Engineers Climate Researchers Future transportation Researchers Tesla
Contractors Designers Architects Landscape architects Urban planners Property owners / Clients
Envionmental Organizations United Nations Environment Programme International Union for Conservation of Nature International Network for Sustainable Energy Greenpeace Natural Resources Defense Council World Resources Institute Rocky Mountain Institute
Daily Users in Energy Production & Facility Operation Visitors look for Recreation & Education Energy/Climate Researchers and Policy Updating
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2/ Sacramento County Demographic Data
Population by Age Range
Population by Age Category
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Occu
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Occupations
Images Cited: censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US06067-sacramento-county-ca/ 19
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3/ Typical Environmentalists Hunter Lovins
Robert K. Watson
Founder of Natural Capitalism Solutions Professor Co-authored: Factor 4: Doubling Wealth - Halving Resource Use and Least Cost Energy (1997) The First Nuclear World War (1984) Brittle Power: Energy Strategy for National Security (1983)
Founder of the LEED Green Building Rating System CEO and Chief Scientist of The ECON Group "We cannot continue to use eighteenth century economics, and nineteenth century engineering, to solve twentieth century problems. We need to move from EGOnomics to ECOnomics." Sc3 Congress, 2009
Phil Radford
Amory Lovins
Executive director of Greenpeace USA Founder of Progressive Power Lab "we are concerned that this new explosion in electricity use could lock us into old, polluting energy sources instead of the clean energy available today." -Comments on developments of Data Center, later on "tech giants like Apple, Google, Facebook, and Salesforce have promised to power their data centers with renewable energy" - Business Insider
Images Cited: censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US06067-sacramento-county-ca/
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Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. Advocates "soft energy paths," limit Nuclear Power "Nuclear power is the only energy source where mishap or malice can kill so many people so far away; the only one whose ingredients can help make and hide nuclear bombs; the only climate solution that substitutes proliferation, accident, and high-level radioactive waste dangers. Indeed, nuclear plants are so slow and costly to build that they reduce and retard climate protection"
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Study of Precedents • • • •
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Precedents Precedents Precedents Precedents
for for for for
Landscape Structure Program Space Planning
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Precedents for Landscape: 1/ PV Dust 2/ Solar Spline 3/ Solar Ivy
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1/ PV DUST Designers: George Legendre, Emanuele Mattutini, Jean-Aime Shu, and Alfonso Senatore Site #3 in Abu Dhabi, on Airport Road near Masdar City. Description: (a) Small Plant Distance Between SPHELAR® Hosts: 3.125 meters Total Number of Hosts: 175,770 Total Number of SPHELAR® Cells: 12.4m Total Annual Energy Produced: 25,472,675 kWh/yr Total Number of UAE 3-Bedroom Houses Powered: 5,095 (b) Medium Plant Distance Between SPHELAR® Hosts: 2.5 meters Total Number of Hosts: 297,693 Total Number of SPHELAR® Cells: 21m Total Annual Energy Produced: 41,723,767 kWh/yr Total Number of UAE 3-Bedroom Houses Powered: 8,345 (b) Large Plant Distance Between SPHELAR® Hosts: 1.92 meters Total Number of Hosts: 460,350 Total Number of SPHELAR® Cells: 32.5m Total Annual Energy Produced: 63,821,598 kWh/yr Total Number of UAE 3-Bedroom Houses Powered: 12,767
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Images Cited: landartgenerator.org/blagi/archives/1020 25
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2/ SOLAR SPLINE Designer: University of Kassel and the Art College of Kassel Cooperation between the Department of Conceptual and Structural Design run by Prof. Frank Stepper, Timo Carl at the University of Kassel on the architectural side, and Dr. Markus Schein, leader of the academic workshop for Digital Design and Production Techniques at the Art College of Kassel. Images Cited: en.reset.org/blog/solar-spline-sunshade-city-generates-clean-energy-10182018
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
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3/ SOLAR IVY Designer: Brooklyn based SMIT (Sustainably Minded Interactive Technology) Description: a layer of thin-film material on top of polyethylene with a piezoelectric generator attached to each leaf. Client: University of Utah
Images Cited: inhabitat.com/solar-ivy-building-integrated-modular-photovoltaic-system-grows-bigger-better/
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
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Precedents for Structure: 1/ Skylodge Adventures Suites 2/ Hanging Temple of Hengshan 3/ Cable-Net Cooling Tower in Schmehausen
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
1/ SKYLODGE ADVENTURES SUITES Location: Cliff of Peru’s Sacred Valley Description: 24-feet by eight-feet pods, four beds, a dining area and a private bathroom Material: aerospace aluminum and weather resistant polycarbonate Images Cited: www.cnn.com/travel/article/skylodge-adventure-suites-peru-hotel/index.html
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
2/ HANGING TEMPLE OF HENGSHAN Location: Hengshan, China Description: A 5th-century temple improbably built into the side of a cliff. Construction Method: Constructed by drilling holes into the cliff side into which the poles that hold up the temples are set. Images Cited: www.atlasobscura.com/places/hanging-temple-hengshan
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
3/ CABLE-NET COOLING TOWER IN SCHMEHAUSEN Location address: Schmehausen Location country: Germany Year of construction: 1971 Client/building owner: Vereinigte Elektrizitätswerke (VEW) Dortmund Function: Industrial buildings Climatic zone: Temperate - cold winters and mild summers
Images Cited: www.tensinet.com/index.php/component/tensinet/?view=project&id=3810
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Precedents for Program: 1/ Zollverein Master Plan 2/ Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa 3/ Tsingpu Baisha Retreat 4/ San Francisco Exploritorium 5/ Power Station of Art 6/ Satsop Nuclear Power Plant in Washington
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Zollverein Masterplan OMA
Public Area: Art Gallery Performance Theater Design Center Event Center Education Center Museum Visitor Center
Images Cited: https://oma.eu/projects/zollverein-masterplan 38
Private Area: Business Office Hotel
Outdoor Area: Garden Circulation Pool Seating
Outdoor Area Private Area Public Area
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Zeitz MOCAA Heatherwick Studio Public Area: Registration Pedagogy Exhibition
Private Area: Office Conference Room
Private Area:
Outdoor Area: Seating
Outdoor Area Private Area
Outdoor Area:
Public Area
Images Cited: archdaily.com/879763/zeitz-museum-of-contemporary-art-africa-heatherwick-studio/59bc17a6b22e38ff0100037f-zeitz-museum-of-contemporary-art-africa-heatherwick-studio-photo 40
Office Conference Room
Seating
Outdoor Area
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Tsingpu Baisha Retreat Tsutsumi & Associates
Public Area: Conference Room Dining Room Event Room Meeting Room
Private Area: Office Guest Room
Outdoor Area: Garden Seating Pond View Circulation
Outdoor Area Private Area Public Area
Images Cited: www.archdaily.com/895689/tsingpu-baisha-retreat-tsutsumi-and-associates 41
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San Francisco Exploritorium EHDD
Public Area:
Private Area:
Exhibition Area Education Gift Shop
Office Research Lab
Outdoor Area: Outdoor Exhibition Education View Circulation
Outdoor Area Private Area Public Area
Images Cited: https://www.archdaily.com/182320/exploratorium-relocation-to-piers-15-17-gls-landscape-architecture-with-ehdd 42
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PowerArea: Station of Art Public Private Area: Registration Design Studio Offices Original Conference Room Public Area: Exhibition
Registration Conference Room Exhibition
Preservation Room
Private Area: Breakroom
Offices Preservation Room Breakroom
Outdoor Area:
Outdoor Area
Circulation
Outdoor Area: Circulation
Images Cited: www.designboom.com/architecture/original-design-studio-power-station-of-art/
Private Area Outdoor Area
Public Area Private Area Public Area
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Images Cited: i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/12/16/00/2F66FA8C00000578-0-image-a-52_1450225624195.jpg i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/12/16/00/2F66FB2C00000578-0-image-a-65_1450225688973.jpg i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/12/16/00/2F66FA9400000578-0-image-a-75_1450225730229.jpg i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/12/16/00/2F66FAAC00000578-0-image-a-70_1450225706171.jpg 44
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Precedents for Space Planning: 1/ Chu Hall 2/ Global Ecology Research Center 3/ INRA Research Laboratories 4/ Typical Lab Design Guidance
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Chu Hall - Solar Energy Research Center Architects: SmithGroup Location: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Category: University General Contractor: McCarthy Building Companies Area: 39000.0 ft2 Project Year: 2015
1/ CHU HALL --Solar Energy Research Center Architects: SmithGroup Location: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Category: University General Contractor: McCarthy Building Companies Area: 39000 sqft Project Year: 2015 47
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Images Cited: www.forconstructionpros.com/sustainability/article/12198441/the-sustainable-construction-of-a-solar-energy-lab 48
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2/ GLOBAL ECOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
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--Carnegie Institution of Washington Architect: EHDD Architecture Location: 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA Completion: March 2004 Area: 10900 sqft Catagory: Research Laboratories, Offices, Greenhouses Occupancy: 45 full-time researchers and staff Code: California Building CodeZ
Images Cited: www-legacy.dge.carnegiescience.edu/about/building/ 49
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
3/ INRA RESEARCH LABORATORIES Architects: Tectoniques Architects Location: Lorraine region, France Category: Laboratory Area: 15500.03 sqft 51
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Images Cited: www.archdaily.com/354179/inra-research-laboratories-tectoniques-architects 52
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4/ TYPICAL LAB DESIGN GUIDANCE Images Cited: www.wbdg.org/building-types/research-facilities/research-laboratory
Lab Design Guidence
Shafts in the middle of the building
Shafts at the end of the building
Exhaust at end and supply in the middle
Typical lab structural grid. In most cases, the structural grid equals 2 basic lab modules. If the typical module is 10 ft. 6 in. x 30 ft., the structural grid would be 21 ft. x 30 ft.
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Research 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/
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Map of Power Plants Serving California Energy Generation Efficiency Comparison - Nuclear vs Solar Energy Generation Land Use Comparison - Nuclear vs Solar Energy Production Cycle Power Plant Typology
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1/ POWER PLANTS SERVING CALIFORNIA Decommissioned Coal Natural Gas Nuclear Solar Wind Hydro Geotherm Biomass landfill Gas
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A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Sacramento San Francisco San Jose
Los Angeles
San Diego
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40 Acres Nuclear Power Plant 160 Acres Stand-by Cooling Water / Reservoir Nameplate Capacity: 913 MW Electricity
1966 Acres Solar Farm Nameplate Capacity: 250 MW Electricity 58
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2/ ENERGY GENERATION EFFICIENCY COMPARISON - NUCLEAR VS SOLAR
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0' 128' 256' 60
512'
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1024'
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
3/ ENERGY GENERATION LAND USE COMPARISON - NUCLEAR VS SOLAR 61
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4/ ENERGY PRODUCTION CYCLE
Coal Mining
Wat er
Wastes
Coal Washing
l d Coa
Water with Ash Content
Purifie
Consumption
Coal-Burning Power Plants Working Process
te Wa
r
Products Appliances Transmission Lines Transformer
El ec y
S
it
te
ic
am
tr
Water from Steam
Turbine
Generator Coolant Energy Steam
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Burning
Boiler
Pollutants: Oxides of Nitrogen NOX Oxides of Sulfur SOX Particulate Matter Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO2 Methane CH4
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Oil
Fr
(May
es
be)
h
Air Co
Natural Gas Mining
mp re ss or
Wastes
Combustion Chamber
Natural Gas-Burning Power Plants Working Process
High-Pressu
re Air
Consumption
Products Appliances Transmission Lines Transformer
Turbine
El ec tr ic it y Regenerator Generator
Exhaust
Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO2 Methane CH4 (unburned)
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Ra
wW ate r
Wastewat
er
Living Use Industrial Use
Pathogens： Bacteria Viruses Tr
te ea
d
e at W
r
Screening
or
in
e
Large Objects
C
hl
Disinfection
a
ne
se
Water Treatment Wokring Process
Disinfectant: Chlorine Chloramine Particles Pathogens
Suspended Soilds Pathogens
Pre-Chlorination Aeration, Softening, Membranes
Algae Fungi Dissolved Inorganics Minerals: Iron...
Filtration
Pol yele
Sedimentation
L arge
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M
a ng
r Parti ca
les
Coagulation Flocculation Slow-sand Filtration
ctro
lyte s
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Renewable Energy: Solar
Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Photovoltaic Solar Farm
Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Photovoltaic Solar Farm
Images Cited: goodnewsnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Topaz-Solar-Farm-Calif-released.jpg kc3ipr.club/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/solar-car-ports-solar-carport-solar-carports-australia.jpg alchetron.com/cdn/ashalim-power-station-dd6bda45-c7be-49cc-9841-827247041a4-resize-750.png solarreviews.com/content/images/blog/post/solar-shingle.jpg 65
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Renewable Energy: Wind
Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Wind Power Plant
Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Hydroelectric Power Plant
Images Cited: goodnewsnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Topaz-Solar-Farm-Calif-released.jpg kc3ipr.club/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/solar-car-ports-solar-carport-solar-carports-australia.jpg alchetron.com/cdn/ashalim-power-station-dd6bda45-c7be-49cc-9841-827247041a4-resize-750.png solarreviews.com/content/images/blog/post/solar-shingle.jpg 66
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Renewable Energy: Water
Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Hydroelectric Power Plant
Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Geothermal Power Plant
Images Cited: goodnewsnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Topaz-Solar-Farm-Calif-released.jpg kc3ipr.club/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/solar-car-ports-solar-carport-solar-carports-australia.jpg alchetron.com/cdn/ashalim-power-station-dd6bda45-c7be-49cc-9841-827247041a4-resize-750.png solarreviews.com/content/images/blog/post/solar-shingle.jpg 67
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Renewable Energy: Biomass
Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Biomass Power Plant
Images Cited: goodnewsnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Topaz-Solar-Farm-Calif-released.jpg kc3ipr.club/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/solar-car-ports-solar-carport-solar-carports-australia.jpg alchetron.com/cdn/ashalim-power-station-dd6bda45-c7be-49cc-9841-827247041a4-resize-750.png solarreviews.com/content/images/blog/post/solar-shingle.jpg 68
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Nonrenewable Energy: Coal
Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Coal-Burning Power Plants
Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Coal-Burning Power Plants
FourCorners Power Plant, Arizona In transition from Coal-burning to Natural Gas Power Station
Upper Left/ Four Corners Power Plant, Arizona: In transition to Natural Gas Power Station
Navajo Generating Station, Arizona Close in 2019 as the biggest customer contract (with LA) expires.
Upper Right/ Navajo Generating Station, Arizona: Closed in 2019 as the biggest customer contract (with LA) expired Lower Left/ San Juan Generating Station, New Mexico: Local coal mining area, maybe close in 2022
Citation: occupy.com/file/coal-mining jpg
San Juan Generating Station, New Mexico Maybe will close in 2022. 69
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Coal-Burning Power Plants
Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology
Intermountain Power Plant, Utah: Reid Gardner Generating Plant, Nevada: Coal Mining Reid Gardner Generating Plant, Nevada Closed in 2017 and in transition from Coal-burning to mixed Natrual Gas and Renewable Energy Closes in 2025 as CA prohibits purchasing coal Power Closed in 2017, in transition to mixed Natural Plant. generated electricity Gas and Renewable Energy Power Plant
Intermountain Power Plant, Utah Close in 2025 as CA prohibits purchasing coal generated electricity.
Coal Mining Landscape Scars 70
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY
--Nonrenewable Energy: Natural Gas
Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Natural Gas Power Plants
Citation: occupy.com/file/coal-mining jpg
71
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Nonrenewable Energy: Nuclear
Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Nuclear Power Plants
Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Nuclear Power Plants
Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant - Operating through 2025. Operating through 2025
72
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Uranium Mining
Uranium Mining Landscape Scars
Citation: occupy.com/file/coal-mining jpg
73
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Site Analysis 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/
74
Distance Diagram Existing Site Area View Site Visit Photos Rancho Seco Nuclear power plant Cooling Tower Structure Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant Working Cycle
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
1/ DISTANCE DIAGRAM
Sacramento
25 miles
Ura
Rancho Seco Power Plant
75
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
2/ EXISTING SITE ARIA VIEW
76
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Image Cited: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rancho+Seco+Nuclear+Generating+Station/@38.3444507,-121.1229035,17z/data =!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x809a9057062d5d3d:0x72f6961dd024852e!8m2!3d38.3444507!4d-121.1207148 77
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
3/ SITE VISIT PHOTOS --Autumn
78
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
79
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
80
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
81
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
82
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
83
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
84
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
3/ SITE VISIT PHOTOS --Spring
85
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
86
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
87
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
88
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
89
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
90
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
4/ RANCHO SECO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT COOLING TOWER STRUCTURE
3 Million Gallon Cooled Water Basin 91
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
5/ RANCHO SECO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WORKING CYCLE
92
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
93
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Existing Site 1/ Existing Site Area Master Plan 2/ Existing Site Plan 3/ Site Scale
94
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
95
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
1/ Existing Site Area Master Plan 0 96
0.78
1.55
3.1 Miles
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
97
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
2/ Existing Site Plan 0 98
32'
64'
128'
256'
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
99
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
L
M
S XS XS
100
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
XL
3/ Site Scale
101
Sacramento N
0
750 375
1500
3000 Feet
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Program diagram 1/ Program Categorizing 2/ Program Sizing 3/ Program Distributing
102
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
1/ Program Categorizing
Green Economy Green Tech/Product Expo Green Economy Matrix with office areas for rental Energy Production (Solar) Energy Production (Natrual Gas) Movie Industry GOOGLE Green Tech Center
Outdoor Trails Camp Grounds Horse Raising Living Areas Restaurants Commercial Stores Retreat Center
Recreation
Green Building/City Material Stores UBER Eco-Delievery Prototype Exhibitions
Visitors
Convention Center Energy Research Labs Climate Research Labs Future Transportation Research Labs Future Transportation Racing Track TESLA Future Transporation Lab Researchers Dedicated Living Areas Offiices
Education Lab Exhibition Routes Exploritoriums Museums Teenager Center College Exploration Sites
Daily Users in Energy Production & Facility Operation Visitors look for Recreation & Education Energy/Climate Researchers and Policy Updating 103
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
2/ Program Sizing
425 ft.
425 ft.
253 ft.
Transamerica Pyramid 104
Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Tower
Hyett Regency SF
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
3/ Program Distributing
105
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Spacial Diagram 1/ Scale Diagram 2/ Experiential Space Relation Diagram 3/ Proposed Experiences
106
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
1/ Scale Diagram
View
Retreat Programs
Boarding Rooms/ Resort
Conference Center
Office Play
Exploritorium
107
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
2/ Experiential Space Relation Diagram
108
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
3/ Proposed Experiences
a/ In Biome
109
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
110
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
b/ At Biome Perimeter
111
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
Ecology Tower
112
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Energy Tower
113
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Building Code - Zoning Diagram
114
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T ELKHORN BLVD
þ } | ·
99
EL CENTRO RD
Community Development
McClellan Air Force Base
" $ ! #
MAIN AV
L VIL
DEL PASO RD
S RY MA
Planning and Development Code
RIO LINDA BLVD
5
E
80
DO
BLVD
R D ST
BEAUMONT ST
VA
WY
R HA
LE SE VIL RO
80
A L TA ARD Y E N EXW
EXPOSITION B LVD
JIBBOOM ST
NB
ST
I ST
MIP - Manufacturing - Industrial Park
BL VD
E RS ITY AV
IV
MU NR ST O E
OA KS
FA IR
HOWE AV
ST 56TH 59TH ST
ST
65TH ST
65TH S TXP
62ND ST
21ST AV
16
IDG
ED
R
ER RIV
5
RD
MEADOWVIEW
LD DR BROO KFIE
RD
AN
R GE
IN
FLORIN PERKINS RD
EAV
NT CE PK ER
RD
FRAN
MACK
WY MANCHA
ET
LA
CK
68TH AV
24 TH ST
PO
BLVD FREEPORT
" ! $ #
BAM
WY
KLIN
FORD DR
Y
HI
DR
ILLE
E LL VA
BRU C EV
BLVD
Miles
DR
BR
VALLEY HI
H RU S
RD
ND WI
DR
T
HAV
99
29TH ST
DR
ELDER CREEK RD
þ } | · 25TH ST
RD
24TH ST
FLORIN
EN
AMHERST ST
ET CK
R IA
65TH STXP
BLVD
DE DR
Sacramento Executive Airport
SI
G
PO
LO
47TH AV
RT FRE EPO
GR EE NH
BL VD E SID RIV
TC - Transportation Corridor
D
þ } | ·
POWER INN RD
ORIA GL
AVE N
R ER
D
SPX - Sports Complex
LEMON HILL AV
BLVD
RD
H - Hospital
BLV
FRUITRIDGE RD
N KTO
IN OR FL
ARP-F - American River Parkway
OM
RD
FRUITRIDGE RD
47TH AV
14TH ST
A-OS - Agriculture-Open Space F - Flood
FOLS
SON
POWER INN RD
MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD
FRANKLIN BLVD
37TH
14TH AV
BLAIR AV
1
JACK
AV
A - Agricultural
«
50
C STO
Other Zones
A DR
( /
DR
MRD - Manufacturing, R & D
IER
S WATT AV
35TH
IV LA R
D
BLVD
M-2 - Heavy Industrial
26TH AV
IRVIN WY
FR UITRIDGE RD
AS AV
T ST
KLIN
SEAM
M-1 - Industrial
BLV
R DR
FRAN
FREE PORT
SC - Shopping Center
Industrial and Manufacturing Zones
OM
33RD ST
21ST AV
BLVD
ORMU - Office/Residential Mixed Use
ST
ST
34TH
ST 21ST
DR PARK LAND BLVD
E
E
OB - Office Building
FO LS
BRO ADWAY
12TH AV
E RD VILL SUTT ER
ID
RIV
RS
5TH AV
ST 24TH
HC - Highway Commercial
IC AMER AN RIVE
48TH
ST
5TH
T ST
H
C-4 - Heavy Commercial EC - Employment Center
D BLV
J ST
VD BL
C-3 - Central Business District
BLVD
ON
Commercial and Office Zones C-2 - General Commercial
M
KT
EJO WY
C-1 - Limited Commercial
LS O
ST
Q ST
H ST
39TH
ST ALHA MBR A
FO
W ST
2 9T
VALL
RMX - Residential Mixed Use
BLVD
ST
N ST
30TH
15TH ST ST
J ST
L AV
OC ST
RO - Residential-Office
AV
Y
AV TT WA
ST
80
INLE MCK
AV AS ELV
RMU - Residential Mixed Use
, + * )
ADW AY
E ST
CAPI TO
16TH
BRO
RCMU - Residential/Commercial Mixed Use
9TH ST
R-5 - Multi-Family (174)
ELV AS
ST
S ST
R-4A - Multi-Family (110)
C ST
I ST
19TH
P ST Q ST
3RD
R-4 - Multi-Family (58)
F ST
UN
7TH ST
ST
R-3A - Multi-Family (36)
G ST H ST
J ST
L ST LM ALL ST
CAPI TO
R-3 - Multi-Family (29)
10TH
R-2B - Multi-Family (21)
12TH
R-2A - Multi-Family (up to 17 units/acre)
0.5
, + * )
ST
R-2 - Two-Family
UR
N
RICH ARDS
BANNON
R-1B - Single or Two Family
þ } | · 160
5
R-1A - Single Family Alternative
AL OAKS DR
BLVD
" $ ! #
R-1 - Standard Single Family
D BLV SO PA ARDEN
RO Y
L DE
AU B
S OD
TRUXEL RD
HWY
Water
RE - Rural Estates
S SA VERGREEN ST PA E M AV
GARDEN
DR
Residential Zones
LA
KS
GARDEN HW Y
ERBURY NT RD CA V GROV E A
A
Street
O RW NO BYP EL CAMINO AV NORTHGATE
GATE W AY O
Highway
IA V
BL VD
N
DR
City Boundary
W IE
80
CONNIE DR
NORWOOD AV
CO
AZ E VE
80
AR M
" $ ! #
LEGEND
RIO LINDA BLVD
SAN JUAN RD
LO NGV
" $ ! #
RD
MAR YSVIL LE B LVD
GRAND AV
SILVER EAGLE RD
SAN JUAN R D
Base Zones
0
GRAND AV
WINTERS S T
80
DR WATT AV
" $ ! #
" $ ! #
BELL AV
FULTON AV
BELL AV
RALEY BLVD
A ST
DRY CREEK RD
VD BL
DIU
WY CE
NORWOOD AV
ER M
T
OM M
TRUXEL RD
EL CENTRO RD
VD BL
E AS
C
MNE S RI
ARDT
AV
RD
COSU
EHRH
This map is for general reference only. It does not specify overlay zones.
VER
BLVD
For specific information regarding land use regulations on a property, contact the public information counters at: (916) 808-5656
Updated September 03, 2014
CALVINE RD FRANKLIN BLVD
Permit Center 300 Richards Blvd, 3rd Floor Sacramento, CA 95811
JACINTO RD
þ } | · 99
DSD_GIS/Projects/Zoning/Sacramento_Zoning_Ev10.mxd | Sept 2014, DW
115
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Site Model
116
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
117
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
118
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
1/32"=1'-0"
119
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
120
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
121
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Massing Study Models 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/
122
Concept: Inbound Concept: Outbound Concept: Circulation Concept: Landscape Form Finding
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
1/ Concept: Inbound
123
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
124
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
125
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
2/ Concept: Outbound
126
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
127
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
3/ Concept: Circulation
128
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
129
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
130
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
4/ Concept: Landscape
131
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
132
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
5/ Form Finding
133
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
134
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
135
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
136
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
137
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Development Models 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/
138
Programming Form Finding Circulation Tectonic Modeling
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
1/ Programming
139
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
140
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
2/ Form Finding
141
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
142
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
3/ Circulation
143
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
144
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
4/ Tectonic Modeling
Plan
Plan
Elevation
Elevation 145
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
Plan
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Detail 1-a
Detail 2-a
Detail 1-b
Detail 2-b
Connection 1
Connection 2
Elevation
ECOLOGY LAB VERSION 3 146
1
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Detail 2-a
Detail 3
Detail 2-b
Connection 2 147
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
148
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
149
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
150
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
151
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
Ecology Tower
152
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
Energy Tower
153
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Master Plan 1/ Approaching Site: View of Solar Net 2/ Master Plan 3/ Site Solar Net Installation Detail
154
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
1/ Approaching Site: View of Solar Net 155
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
L
M
S XS XS
156
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
XL
L
2/ Master Plan (left) 3/ Site Solar Net Installation Detail (right) 157 Sacramento N
0
750 375
1500
3000 Feet
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
Floor Plans 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/
158
Ground Floor Plan Ecology Tower Floor Plan at 104ft Floor Plan at 204ft Floor Plan at 304ft
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
159
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
1/ Ground Floor Plan 0
160
15'
30'
60'
SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE
120'
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
161
FA N PA N — M. A RC H
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2/ Ecology Tower Floor Plan at 104ft 0
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3/ Floor Plan at 204ft 0
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120'
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4/ Floor Plan at 304ft 0
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Building Section
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Elevation
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0 174
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Wall Sections
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1/ Ecology Tower Program Bubble
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Building Details 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/
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Program Structure Connection to Concrete Wall Fabric Roof Drainage Details Glass Enclosure Installation at Tower Bottom Legs Wind Turbine Installation Detail
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1/ Program Structure Connection to Concrete Wall
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2/ Fabric Roof Drainage Details 182
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3/ Glass Enclosure Installation at Bottom Legs 184
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4/ Wind Turbine Installation Detail
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Sustainability Strategy Diagrams
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1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/
Solar Analysis Shadow Analysis Plants Analysis Formal Analysis - Cut Line Water Cycle Analysis
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1/ Solar Analysis 188
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March Equinox: 20.03.2019 Sun Max. Elevation: 51.52 Min. Shadow Length: 0.79m/1m height At 1:30 pm June Solstice: 21.06.2019 Sun Max. Elevation: 75.03 Min. Shadow Length: 0.27m/1m height At 1:15 pm September Equinox: 23.09.2019 Sun Max. Elevation: 52.22 Min. Shadow Length: 0.8m/1m height At 12:45 pm December Solstice: 21.12.2019 Sun Max. Elevation: 28.22 Min. Shadow Length: 1.86m/1m height At 12:30 pm
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2/ Shadow Analysis
MAR 190
JUN
SEP
DEC
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Emergent over 200ft high
Canopy 100ft to 200ft with Epiphytes
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Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) (230ft)
Shorea Robusta (80-170ft)
Hevea brasiliensis (145ft)
Shorea roxburghii (130ft)
Brosimum alicastrum (130ft)
Ficus elastica (98-131ft)
Cedrela odorata (98-131ft)
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Understory Pioneer Trees
Borassus (fan palm) (98ft)
African Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) (66ft)
Cecropia peltata (65ft)
Ceiba glaziovii (32-59ft)
Laurus nobilis (23-59ft)
Hong Kong orchid tree (20-40ft)
Banana Tree (16ft)
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Forest Floor
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Chamaedorea elegans (2ft, 6’7”-9’10”)
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘Heat Flash’ (4-6ft)
Grecian Pattern Plant (2-5ft)
Fishbone Fern (1-2ft)
Colocasia esculenta ‘Tropical Storm’ (30”)
Epiphytes
Curtain Fig (49ft)
Ficus microcarpa (82ft)
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5/ Water Cycle Analysis
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Lake 201
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Egress Diagrams
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Ecology Tower
Energy Tower
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Structure Diagrams
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1/ Load Analysis
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3/ Proposed Tectonic Experiences
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Mechanical Diagrams 1/ Ecology Tower 2/ Energy Tower
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2/ Energy Tower
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Public Space Section Ecology Tower
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Presentation Model
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1/ Energy Tower Section Model (1/32 Scale) 2/ Ecology Tower Section Model (1/32 Scale) 3/ Detail of Ecology Tower
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Exterior Perspectives
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Interior Perspectives
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Energy Tower 1/ Rain Room Exhibition - Entry Level (Ground Floor) 2/ Wind Energy Exhibition - 120ft Above Ground in the Tower 3/ Hanging Program Bubble - 260ft Above Ground around the Tower Ecology Tower 4/ Jungle Exhibition - 50ft Above Ground 5/ Canopy Exhibition - 150ft Above Ground 6/ Rain Collection Exhibition - 300 Above Ground
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Energy230Tower 1/ Rain Room Exhibition - Entry Level (Ground Floor)
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233 Tower Energy 2/ Wind Energy Exhibition - 120ft Above Ground in the Tower
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235 Tower Energy 3/ Hanging Program Bubble - 260ft Above Ground around the Tower
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236Tower Ecology 4/ Jungle Exhibition - 50ft Above Ground
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238Tower Ecology 5/ Canopy Exhibition - 150ft Above Ground
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240Tower Ecology 6/ Rain Collection Exhibition - 300 Above Ground
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Bibliography
242
A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T
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• “Hydroelectric Power: How it Works,” www.usgs.gov/spe cial-topic/water-science -school/science/hydroelectric-power-how-it-works?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects. • “Types of Hydropower Plants,” energ y.gov/eere/water/ types-hydropower-plants. • “Diablo Canyon’s dismantling, An in-depth look at the painstaking process of decommissioning California’s last nuclear power plant,” David R. Baker, April 13, 2018. sfchronicle. com/business/ar ticle/Diablo- Canyon-s-dismantling-Inside -the -12826795.php. • “California’s last nuclear plant to close af ter unanimous vote by regulators,” David R. Baker, Jan 11, 2018. sfchronicle. com/bayarea/ar ticle/California-regulators-vote -unanimously-to-close -12491203.php. • “Potrero Power Station,” sfplanning.org/potrero-power-station. • “Liquid Waste (Sewage/Wastewater) Treatment,” eschooltoday.com/pollution/water-pollution/sewage -treatment-processfor-kids.html • “Disposal of Water Treatment Disposal of Water Treatment Plant Waste Containing Plant Waste Containing Radionuclides,” epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/ disposal_issues.pdf. • “Waste Water Treatment Plant,” sciencedirect.com/topics/ ear th-and-planetar y-sciences/waste -water-treatment-plant. • energ y.ca.gov/maps/. • cecgis-caenerg y.opendata.arcgis.com/. • caenerg y.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ad8323410d9b47c1b1a9f751d62fe495. • “Tidal Energ y,” sfenvironment.org/ar ticle/hydro/tidal-energ y. • “Ocean Energ y,” energ yarchive.ca.gov/oceanenerg y/. • “Wave Motors and Tide Machines at the Clif f House: 1886 to present,” Christine Miller, 2003. outsidelands.org/wave -motor.php
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• “California Power Plant Water Facts (2014) ,” arcgis.com/ home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=7303f358a79d470b8486bc319d61c68e. • “New Rules for Power Plants: What They Mean for California,” Craig Miller, Jun 1, 2014. kqed.org/science/17914/newrules-for-power-plants-what-they-mean-for-california. • “California Sets Deadline to Close Its Last Operating Nuclear Power Plant,” Reuters, June 21, 2016. for tune. com/2016/06/21/california-nuclear-power-plant/. • “Soaring Costs Plague California Nuke Plant Shut Down By Leak,” Elizabeth Douglass, May 29, 2012. insideclimatenews. org/news/20120529/san-onofre -nuclear-power-plant-california-nuclear-regulator y-commission-costs-decommission-environmentalists. • “California nuclear plant shut indefinitely amid hunt to find cause of problems,” CNN Wire Staf f, April 6, 2012. cnn. com/2012/04/06/us/california-nuclear-plant/index.html. • “The histor y of Climate Change,” Boethus, Mar 27, 2015. historum.com/threads/the -histor y-of-climate -change.87748/ page -111. • “Learn the histor y of the PG&E Humboldt Bay Power Plant,” pge.com/en_US/about-pge/environment/what-we -are -doing/ buildings-and-operations/humboldt-bay-power-plant.page. • “Is California Ready To Build Its Next Big Dam?” Tara Lohan, Feb 15, 2016. huf fpost.com/entr y/california-next-big-dam_n_56c1e4bde4b0c3c55051e6a5. • “Climate Policy Tracker,” climatenexus.org/policymap/. • “California Drought Cuts Power Production at Many Dams,” Rosanna Xia, June 1, 2015. govtech.com/fs/California-Drought- Cuts-Power-Production-at-Many-Dams.html. • “The Dinosaur That Wouldn’t Die,” Alastair Bland, Mar 21, 2018. eastbayexpress.com/oakland/the -dinosaur-that-wouldnt-die/Content?oid=14356680. • “Utah’s Largest Coal Plant to Close, Conver t By 2025,” Editors of Power Engineering, May 24, 2017. power-eng.com/ ar ticles/2017/05/utah-s-largest-coal-plant-to-close -conver tby-2025.html.
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• “Reid Gardner Generating Station Permanently Shut Down,” Editors of Power Engineering, Mar 17, 2017. power-eng.com/ ar ticles/2017/03/reid-gardner-generating- station-permanently-shut-down.html. • “Navajo Nation company buys stake in Four Corners Power Plant,” Noel Lyn Smith, July 10, 2018. azcentral.com/stor y/ money/business/energ y/2018/07/10/navajo-transitional-energ y-company-buys-four-corners-power-plant/770121002/. • “Four Corners Power Plant,” srpnet.com/about/stations/ fourcorners.aspx. • “Replacing coal with more coal : how Arizona Public Ser vice’s Four Corners coal plant hur t customers, but earned investors profits,” Matt Kasper, Oct 1, 2018. energ yandpolicy.org/arizona-public-ser vice -four-corners-power-plant/. • “Navajo Generating Station,” srpnet.com/about/stations/ngs/ default.aspx. • “How San Juan Generating Station went from powerhouse to possible closure,” Hannah Grover, Sept 25, 2018. daily-times.com/stor y/news/local/2018/09/25/san-juan-generating-station-power-histor y-future -pnm-southwest-utility/1072851002/. • “New Mexico legislators still looking for San Juan power plant solutions,” Thom Cole, Jul 21, 2018. santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/new-mexico-legislators-still-looking-for-san-juan-power-plant/ar ticle_24e a6b26-9d2a-57d2-912e -bdf9f48f f8ac.html. • “What happens if San Juan Generating Station Closes?” Emily Bowie, July 24, 2017. sanjuancitizens.org/coal/happens-san-juan-generating-station-closes. • “Potential buyer for Navajo Generating Station out, plant closure likely,” Alexis Egeland, Sept 21, 2018. cronkitenews. azpbs.org/2018/09/21/potential-buyer-for-navajo-generating-station-out-plant-closure -likely/. • “Solar Roof,” tesla.com/solarroof.
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• “Large Hydropower,” Charlotte Helston and Andrew Farris, May 2016. energ ybc.ca/largehydro.html. • “How the drought is hur ting hydroelectric power generation in CA,” June 16, 2014. scpr.org/programs/airtalk/2014/06/16/37938/how-the -drought-is-hur ting-hydroelectric-power-gen/. • “AD Classics: Montreal Biosphere / Buckminster Fuller,” David Langdon, Oct 7, 2018. archdaily.com/572135/ad-classics-montreal-biosphere -buckminster-fuller. • jonespar tners.com. • “Nuclear Power Reactors,” October 2018. world-nuclear.org/ information-librar y/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-power-reactors/ nuclear-power-reactors.aspx. • “New Power Plant Major Components,” holcombstation.com/ technolog y/power-plant-major-components/. • “Gas Turbine Power Plant,” cset.mnsu.edu/engagethermo/systems_gtpp.html. • “Various components of Gas turbine power plant-Functions,” electricalengineeringtutorials.com/various-components-of-gas-turbine -power-plant-functions/. • “Natural gas power plant,” Bethel Afework, Jordan Hanania, James Jenden, Kailyn Stenhouse, Jason Donev, Feb 24, 2019. energ yeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Natural_gas_power_plant. • “Gas turbine power plant (Histor y, Working, Par ts and Applications) ,” top-ee.com/gas-turbine -power-plant/. • “Natural Gas: The New Face of U.S. Power Generation,” Russell Ray, Jul 20, 2016. power-eng.com/ar ticles/print/volume -120/issue -7/features/natural-gas-the -new-face -of-u-spower-generation.html. • “Trona ACE, State’s Last Coal Fired Electric Plant, Being De commissioned,” Mark Gutglueck, Mar 3, 2015. sbcsentinel. com/2015/03/trona-ace -states-last-coal-fired-electric-plantbeing-decommisioned/. • “Argus Cogeneration Plant,” Aug 16, 2012. sourcewatch.org/ index.php/Argus_Cogeneration_Plant.
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• “PV Dust,” landar tgenerator.org/blagi/archives/1020. • “Solar Spline: a Sunshade for the City That Generates Clean Energ y,” en.reset.org/blog/solar- spline -sunshade -city-generates-clean-energ y-10182018 • “Solar Ivy Building-Integrated Modular Photovoltaic System Grows Big ger & Better,” inhabitat.com/solar-ivy-building-inte grated-modular-photovoltaic-system-grows-big ger-better/ • “Cable-Net Cooling Tower in Schmehausen,” www.tensinet.com/ index.php/component/tensinet/?view=project&id=3810 • “Would you sleep in a glass pod hanging of f a Peruvian clif f? “, www.cnn.com/travel/ar ticle/skylodge -adventure -suites-pe ru-hotel/index.html • “Hanging Temple of Hengshan,” www.atlasobscura.com/places/hanging-temple -hengshan • https://www.forconstructionpros.com/sustainability/ar ticle/12198441/the -sustainable -construction-of-a-solar-energ y-lab
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Thank You.
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Loads of thanks to my thesis professor, David Gill, who guided me through the design and completion of my project with patience, understanding, and inspiring thoughts. Many thanks to professors, Mark Mueckenheim, Yim Gloria Jew, and Alberto Bertoli, who cared and supported me through my thesis year. Many thanks to Suanna Douglas and Benjamin Corotis, who answered my silly and crazy questions to finalizing my project. Many thanks to Wynn Newberry, who read my concept statement repetitively and corrected my gramma issues. Many thanks to Erin Berta, who helped me find library resources and waited for my archive. Last but not least, loads of thanks to my families, who love me and support me all the time. 255
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Colophon
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Academy of Art University, School of Architecture ARH 690: Thesis Preparation & Development ARH 810: Master of Architecture Thesis David Gill Fan Pan fan.pan.y2009@gmail.com (510) 565-6726 Fan Pan, Yang Hu, & Jia Chen Sublimity of Horror Architecture: A Thesis on Revitalizing a Nuclear Power Plant Premium Uncoated, 80 lb Franklin Gothic Book Adobe Creative Cloud @2020 all rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced without express permission from Fan Pan. 257
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