Endless Experiments Fan Pan, M Arch, Selected Works
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Project 1 Esprit Community Exercise Center AAU 2018
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Project 2 Good Food Center UCB 2014
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Project 3 Potrero Hill Librar y UCB 2013
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Project 4 Solid Wave UCB 2014—2015
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Project 5 Livable Construction AAU 2017
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Project 6 San Francisco Museum of Contemporar y Ar t AAU 2018
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Project 7 San Francisco House AAU 2018
FAN PAN — M.ARCH
ENDLESS EXPERIMENTS
Course Professor Year Site Type Area 3D 2D Material Technology
AAU—ARCH 619 David Gill & Ethen Wood 2018 700 Minnesota St, San Francisco, CA Public Facility 42714 sq.ft. Rhino Illustrator, Photoshop Acrylic, Museum Board Laser Cut, 3d Print
Esprit Community Exercise Center A Place for Healthy Socialization
This project aims to create a unique indoor daylight experience through the architectural formal strategy. The proposed structures are sculpted to provide natural light for each space, resulting in the featured
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angular tectonic system. They are oriented to maximize solar exposure on the roof surfaces in order to utilize sustainable solar energy.
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ESPRIT COMMUNITY EXERCISE CENTER
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Model Photo 7
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Concept Diagrams
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Solar Path Analysis
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Sketch Sketch Sketch Sketch
Model Model Model Model
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Form Finding Lift-up Test Double Shell System Skylights Improvement
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20th Street
20th Street (By Pass Bridge)
Site Plan
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19th Street 13
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20th Street
Ground Floor Plan 0
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19th Street 15
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-1 Floor Plan 0
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Model Photo
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Building Section I
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FAN PAN — M.ARCH
Wall Section
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Partial Elevation
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Skylights for Daylighting
Solar Water Heating Tubes for Indoor Temperature Control and Pool Water Heating
Skylights for Daylighting
Rain Garden for Water Collection
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Rain Garden for Water Collection
Rain Garden for Water Collection
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FAN'S
www.fa 123-45
333-33 FAN'S
www.fa 123-4 333-3
CONSULTANT
CONSULTANT
COPY RIGHT
COPY RIGHT REVISION No.
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Sustainability Diagram Top Skylight Detail Inclined Skylight Detail Interior Render of Sports Hall Interior Render of Swimming Pool
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Esprit Community Exercise Center Esprit Community Exercise Center
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Building Section II 27
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Model Photo
Model Photo 29
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ENDLESS EXPERIMENTS
Course Professor Year Site Type Area 3D 2D Material Technology
UCB—ARCH 100B Ling Fan 2014 1321 Mission Street, San Francisco Commercial 30,000 sq.ft. AutoCAD, Rhino Illustrator, Photoshop Museum board, Acrylic Laser cut
Good Food Center A Multi-purpose Building for All
This project experiments with the concept of “flow,” which reflects upon the heavy traffic and windy climate of the SOMA area in the City of San Francisco. By introducing those “flows” into the site, forms of circulations and spaces are created. This multi-purpose building includes the following programs: an auditorium, a dining area,
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an event room, kitchens, classrooms, offices, a loading space, and necessary sanitary facilities. This building brings more convenient amenities to the people working in the area, and provides the neighborhood with some gathering spaces for events.
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GOOD FOOD CENTER
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Concept Concept Concept Concept
Diagram Model Top View Model Front View Model Rear View
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Ground Floor Plan
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Second Floor Plan
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Down
Third Floor Plan
Fourth Floor Plan
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GOOD FOOD CENTER
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Left Bottom
Partial Elevation and Wall Section Building Sections
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Top Bottom Right
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Concept Model Development Model Final Model
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GOOD FOOD CENTER
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Development Model Close-Up Final Model Close-Up Interior Render Corridor Interior Render Assembly Hall
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ENDLESS EXPERIMENTS
Course Professor Year Site Type Area 3D 2D Material Technology
UCB—ARCH 100A Lisa Iwamoto 2013 1616 20th Street, San Francisco Public Facility 15,000 sq.ft. Rhino Illustrator, Photoshop Museum board Laser cut
Potrero Hill Library, A Place for Peaceful Reading
This project experiments with the concept of “occupiable wall,” which responds to the narrowlot site condition of the local neighborhood. Limiting the width of the architecture provides an opportunity to explore the daylighting design and utilization of the long spaces. The building
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contains the following programs: administration and general offices, reading areas, book stacks, and necessary sanitary facilities. The library offers residents in thee surrounding neighborhood quiet spaces for reading and studying.
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POTRERO HILL LIBRARY
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POTRERO HILL LIBRARY
Street View Exterior Render Section Render
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Underground Floor Plan Ground Floor Plan Second Floor Plan Third Floor Plan Fourth Floor Plan Fifth Floor Plan Sixth Floor Plan
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POTRERO HILL LIBRARY
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Circulation Diagram Building Sections
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ENDLESS EXPERIMENTS
Course UCB—ARCH 102A&B Undergraduate Thesis Professor Raveevarn Choksombatchai Semester Fall 2014—Spring 2015 3D Rhino 2D Illustrator, Photoshop Material Paper clip, Steel, Rubber cord Technology Welding
Solid Wave Machine A Study of Tsunamis
This thesis studies the Pacific Ocean and one of its phenomena, tsunami. An enormous and powerful wave is the most direct effect of the tsunami. This wave, rooted from the displacement of tectonic plates, gathers its energy from every push of the tectonic plates and every counter-
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push of the returning tide. It expands in height and width as it approaches the coast. The scale and the formidability of this water behavior is way beyond human understanding. This machine, Solid Wave, is designed as a means to further human understanding of the tsunami.
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SOLID WAVE
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Indonesia
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Impact Analysis of Tsunamis Since 1700 in Pacific Ocean
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ENDLESS EXPERIMENTS
Water Level
Tokyo
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Left Wave Study of Japan Coast near Tokyo, Section Diagram Right Wave Study of Japan Coast near Tokyo, Plan Diagram
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Japan Tokyo
Shizuoka
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Depth FAN PAN — M.ARCH
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Chart Diagrams of Relationships between Wave and Ocean Bed
Height
Temperature 80F
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Speed 800km/h
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-10m -100m -500m
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1946/Aleutian Islands/8.1 1700/Vancouver Island, Canada/9.0 2011/Honshu, Japan/9.0
1932/Jalisco, Mexico/8.2
2013/Solomon Islands/8.0 1868/Arica, Chile/8.7
Impact Analysis of Tsunamis Since 1700 in Pacific Ocean
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Development Model I Connection Details
connection details 56
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SOLID WAVE
Development Model I
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Development Model II Connection Details
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Development Model II
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Development Model III & Connection Details
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Development Model III 63
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Render I
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Render II
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Final Model Plan, Elevations, and Photo
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right
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Final Model Drawings
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Final Drawing 70
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SOLID WAVE
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Course AAU—ARCH 609 Professor Peter Suen & Mark Myers Year 2017 Site Havelock Street, San Francisco Type Mixed Use (residential/commercial) Area 9000 sq.ft. 3D Rhino 2D Illustrator, Photoshop Material Concrete, UltraCal, Wire, Mesh Technology Casting
Livable Construction Adaptive Reuse of Concrete
Concrete is an adaptable material: its form changes according to its container, its physical state can be modified as desired, and its social meaning changes along with the developments of the society. This project exploits the adaptive reuse of concrete and
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proposes a prototype for reoccupying concrete ruins. The prototype includes following programs: artists’ studios with living and working spaces, admission office, galleries, and a public pedestrian walk over Highway 280.
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Model Photo
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Section Drawings 74
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Course Professor Year Type
Ideological Statement of Concrete
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AAU—ARCH 642 Dora Johns 2018 Theory
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Experimental Models
INTRODUCTION Miodrag Suvakovic says that “[ideology] is in the political and cultural sense a relatively connected and determined set of ideas, symbolic representations, values, beliefs and forms of thoughts, behaviours, expressions, representations and actings which are common to members of a social group, members of political parties, state institutions or social classes.” Ideology is a set of related beliefs and representations of culture and society. In architecture, ideology is reflected or implied in forms, functions, structures, and materials of buildings. Architecture possesses representational meanings and feelings of the people and the time that they were built, as do its materials.
DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE Concrete, as a construction material, has its unique appearance and characteristics that represents the ideology of the time and the society. People choose concrete to be the main construction material because it has several strong characteristics and capabilities that other materials, like wood and steel, do not have. Even though concrete is usually considered to be single, in fact, it is a mixture of different materials. Water, cement, and aggregates are the essential components of concrete. Sometimes, admixtures are added to alter and improve the performance of concrete. When water, cement, and aggregates are mixed together, water moisturizes cement and turns it into a paste to bond the aggregates. After the water evaporates, cement and aggregates are left as a solid piece. By doing so, people can use concrete as a structural material. Stability and the capacity to be compressive-load bearing are the main structural features of the material. Solidity and massiveness are appearance features that most people associate with concrete.
Despite the fact that concrete seems to be a rigid whole, it is inevitable that the material has its other features, which are purposefully avoided by most people and are sometimes called “drawbacks.” Concrete can crack, and it is relatively weak at tensile-strength enduring, compared to its performance of compressive-load taking. The existence of these features does not mean that concrete is not a good construction material. It is just that people have not been able to exploit all of the concrete’s possibilities in order to utilize it fully. Concrete has a certain plasticity. Besides its solid condition, concrete actually has three other different morphing stages. Since concrete is a mixture of different materials, it has to go through a chemical reaction before it cures to become loadbearing. The first stage of concrete is the mixture of powder and grain. The second stage of concrete is the plastic phase as the cement and aggregates react to water. At this stage, as Neil Denari says, “… concrete’s just concrete, it’s all about what it flows into” – this mixture is formless. This stage offers architects complete freedom to define the form of his/her design. Alteration with types and proportions of components will affect the nature and performance of the cured concrete. The third stage of concrete is the solid geometric volume. In the fourth stage, the solid whole becomes the cracked, fragmented, and eroded chunks, whom most people see as waste. This transformation of material’s physical status reveals the “unused/ unpleasant” aspects of the material. This paper proposes that the changing physical status of concrete offers an opportunity for architectural exploration and material exploitation. Structuralism calls for the truth to structure. This paper calls for the truth to material. New construction methods can be developed for materials to express all their features. There will be no “undesired” characteristics of any materials as we find out the suitable solutions for them.
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Image 1 – The Pantheon and its perfect sphere
MONUMENTALITY AND AUTHORITATIVENESS Classical Architecture is usually seen as a grand expression of the power of the god or the power of the government. Granite, stone, and concrete are the main materials for Classical Architecture construction. Ancient architecture, like the Pantheon, is one of the examples of architectural monumentality and authoritativeness. In Greek, “Pan” means “all” and “theos” means gods. When the buildings was first built, it was meant to worship all the gods. The sole design of the architecture, the dome, is cast out of concrete. Concrete was the most suitable material because of its characteristics of plasticity and strength. It was flexible and strong enough to form the dome without any additional support in the middle. All compressive force from the dome are transferred to and supported by the concrete rotunda wall. Granite and stones are not chosen in this architecture because they cannot be arranged into the dome form perfectly as concrete in nature, either from the appearance aspect or from the structural aspect. Concrete’s solidity and stability, and its monolithic appearance, echo with the social belief in gods at the time. People at that time believed gods’ total control over the human world. In social beliefs, gods’ power is solid and absolute. Concrete appears to be solid and absolute after it cures, which makes it the right material to demonstrate the authoritativeness of gods. The size of the dome and the rotunda are designed to fit a sphere inside the open space, which indicates the gods’ overall control over entire universe. The material created a majestic atmosphere in the architecture that requested visitors’ respect and devoutness. Due to its extraordinary design and construction, this monumental architecture was kept and protected during the transition of regimes. The Pantheon’s dome has always been the world’s largest unreinforced concrete dome since the completion of its construction, even in today.
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ENDLESS EXPERIMENTS
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Image 2: Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, 1914-15, Maison Dom-Ino, drawing
UTOPIANISM As technology develops, products can be mass-produced and more resources become available to people. With the growth of the economy, people care more about human well-being. The belief of utopia started to become popular in the Modern era. Equality of mankind and freedom of individuals, which are the core of utopian belief, have become parts of the social ideology at the time. Correspondingly, as the housing demand increases, utopianism promotes equal and affordable housing for everyone. The utopian idea in Modernist Architecture worships daily life by promoting free floor plans, components that could be mass-produced, and the separated structure and facade system. Since concrete is a universal material that can be easily accessed anywhere, extracted in mass, and manufactured by machine, it is considered to be the classless material that represents the Modernist ideas and lifestyles. The transformation of ideology from hierarchical authoritativeness into utopian equality led to the revival of concrete construction. The Domino House, which was proposed by Le Corbusier in 1914, was a conception of new structure system. This concrete framework model inspired a completely new construction method. Le Corbusier argued for limitless expansions of the structure system in this conceptual model, which was based on the utopian idea of housing for everyone. There is no hierarchy in the proposed structure system – every direction is same for the grid system. There is no boundary of the grid system – expansion of the system can be towards any direction. Concrete is a material that can be repatched after it is cured. The material can be expanded freely and infinitely along with the grid structure system. This equality of the concrete frame structure and the freedom of expansions and connections are the core concept of the Modernist architecture. Concrete is the sole material to illustrate those utopian ideas.
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Image 3: Greg Lynn, Embryological House, iterations.
Image 4: Form Found Design, MARS Pavilion, 2017.
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DYNAMISM Contemporary time is a period of innovation boost. Architecture field becomes more dynamic. Technology developments, new material inventions, robot-assisted constructions, and computer-aided designs have opened up a lot more possibilities in architectural design than before. Just by exploring one material, people can find alternative methods of design and construction. Concrete has a lot of potential in terms of material exploitations. Variation in its components and the proportions of components can change the nature, the appearance, and the performance of the material. As mentioned earlier, concrete is a universal material. Interestingly, concrete is also a local material. Its extracted components are influenced by local environments so the portions of the material always have small differences from other portions of concrete. In addition, concrete can be modified to fill in the needs of the different project. Concrete varies – it is a material of dynamism. It is a material for contemporary architecture. It is a material for the changing world today. Plasticity is one of the less-exploited characteristics of concrete. Yet, this feature is an essential process that directly affects the materiality and the construction outcome. Greg Lynn’s “Embryological House” uses computer-aided design to test a new type of manufacture, where unlimited iterations can be mass-produced from one basic form. He defined a “primitive form” as a base, and put 12 control points to transform the primitive form in the computer program. Even though Lynn did not do a material test for this project, his notion of this new manufacture can be applied to construction. Applying a set of control points to concrete in order to control the material’s behavior can lead to a new construction system that produces iterations of deformed concrete volumes and voids. Control points can be added by embedding actual points or changing the proportions of components at certain areas. Air entrainment is one type of “control points” that can be added to concrete. Air entrainment means to create air bubbles in concrete intentionally during the mixing of plastic concrete. It can increase the durability of the cured concrete and the workability of the concrete when concrete is in a plastic state. People today use this technique to control the cracking behavior of concrete in cold weather. Air bubbles that are created inside concrete help stop the cracking when concrete is cured. People can carefully concentrate or spread the air bubbles inside concrete to alter concrete’s performance.
It is true that the reinforcement people invented in the Modernist Architecture improved the structural strength. However, to a certain point, the reinforcement also restricted the ways of how people use concrete in design and construction. Since our ancestors could construct un-reinforced concrete architecture, the Pantheon, it is also possible for people today, who has more advanced technologies, to create similar types of constructions. MARS Pavilion is a very innovative experimental project that examines the concepts of robot-assisted construction and un-reinforced concrete structure. The overall structure is designed to be compressive load bearing. Similar to Gaudi’s inverted chain model for his Sagrada Familia Church, a catenary was used to study the entire structure of this project. There was also an exciting test on the concrete material in this project. The components of the concrete used by Form Found Design architects are water, cement and steel fiber. By replacing aggregates with steel fiber, the design team solved some issues they might have if they built the project with traditional concrete construction method. In traditional construction method, which is still a popular method, rebar reinforcement is embedded in the concrete to enhance the material’s performance on tensile strength enduring. Steel fiber eliminates the need for rebar and aggregated, thus it reduces the size of the concrete structure while changing the nature of concrete to improve its performance. Instead of volumetric solid concrete, the MARS Pavilion exhibited an appearance of thinness and flexibility.
CONCLUSION Just like Lynn’s project Embryological House suggested, the exploitation of concrete suggests a much broader range of the material’s possibilities. Concrete is an adaptable material as its social meaning changes over time with human history. It showed the monumentality and authoritativeness of Classical architecture; it also expressed the utopianism in Modernist architecture. Today, it exhibits the spirit “dynamism” and “change” of our current society. Concrete is universal not just because it is a material that can be found easily anywhere on the Earth, but because it is a material that lasts with human history and culture. It is worth exploiting and it should be exploited. The study and understanding of this material will lead to a new era of architectural design and construction.
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WORK CITED: Dr. Paul A. Ranogajec, “The Pantheon (Rome),” in Smarthistory, December 11, 2015, accessed May 29, 2018, https://smarthistory.org/the-pantheon/. Lynn, Greg. Animate Form. Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. Jeanneret, Charles-Édouard. “Maison Dom-Ino, Not Located, 1914.” Oeuvre Complète, www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=5972&sysLanguage=enen&itemPos=10 3&itemSort=en-en_sort_string1+&itemCount=215&sysParentName=&sysParentId=65. Lazar, Marta Vukotic., and Miodrag Suvakovic. “General Theory of Ideology and Architecture.” Architecture and Ideology, edited by Vladimir Mako and Mirjana Roter. Blagojevic, Cambridge Scholars, 2014, pp. 2–12. Liu, Xiangzeng, Ai, Yunfeng, and Scherer, Sebastian, “Robust Image-Based Crack Detection in Concrete Structure Using Multi-Scale Enhancement and Visual Features.” https://www.ri.cmu.edu/wp-content/ uploads/2017/05/Robust-Image-based-Crack-Detection.pdf Sarafian. “MARS Pavilion, Form Found Design.” Architectmagazine.com, 15 Apr. 2017, www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/mars-pavilion. Shubert, Howard. “Embryological House.” CCA, www.cca.qc.ca/en/issues/4/origins-of-the-digital/5/embryological-house.
IMAGE CITED: Image 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pantheon_section_sphere.svg Image 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom-Ino_House#/media/File:Charles-%C3%89douard_Jeanneret_(Le_Corbusier),_1914-15,_Maison_Dom-Ino.jpg Image 3: https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/issues/4/origins-of-the-digital/5/embryological-house Image 4: http://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/mars-pavilion
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Course Professor Year Site Type Area 3D 2D Material
AAU – ARCH 608 Mark Mueckenheim & Maria Paz De Moura Castro 2018 10 Market Street, San Francisco Public Facility 26055 sq.ft. Rhino Illustrator, Photoshop Acrylic, Museum Board, Foam
Technology
Laser Cut
Museum of Contemporary Art An Advertisement of the City
This project performs as an advertisement of the city San Francisco and the city culture, like a billboard. This project expresses the concept of “advertising” by providing full transparency between the exterior and the interior with a minimalist design strategy. The transparency creates connections between
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the outdoor and indoor environment. The museum includes the following programs: temporary and permanent exhibitions, administration, education, tickets, shop, cloakroom, delivery, storage, conference room, and necessary sanitary facilities.
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MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART
Exterior Render
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Sketch Models
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Cafe Assembly
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Shop
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MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART
Restaurant
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Exhibi�on 6
Open to Below UP
UP UP
Exhibi�on 2
DN
FL +2
Open to Below
DN
UP
FL +9
DN
UP
UP
Open to Below
Exhibi�on 3
Open to Below
UP
FL +8 DN
UP Open to Below
Floor Plans 97
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1 2 3 4
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MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART
Longitudinal Section I Short Section Longitudinal Section II Program Diagram
RESTAURANT
EXHIBITION
EXHIBITION
PERMENANT EXHIBITION
PEDAGOGY
EXHIBITION
EXHIBITION
ADMINISTRATION
STORAGE & RESTORATION
EXHIBITION
FOYER
OTHERS CONFERENCE
WASTE RESTROOMS DELIEVERY & HANDLING
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Left Interior Render—Exhibition Area Right Interior Render—Cafe 100
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MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART
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Course Professor Year Site Type 2D Material Technology
AAU – ARCH 604 David Gill 2018 San Francisco Residential Housing AutoCAD Acrylic, Museum Board, Foam, Wood, Aluminum, Concrete Laser Cut, Casting, Woodshop
San Francisco House Facade of a Residence
This project aims to understand the wall assembly of a single family residential house located in San Francisco. Proposed facade design includes layers of patterned aluminum sunshade
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sheets and a green balcony. Wall assembly layers include typical steel frame structure, insulation, water proof, and exterior finish.
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WALL SECTION
Model Photos
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A
B
Spring 2018 ARH 604-Material and Methods of Construction: Building Detailing Professor: David Gill
C
ELEVATION
MAY 19, 2018
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B
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C
FAN PAN 1/2" = 1'-0"
A-1.1
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WALL SECTION Spring 2018 ARH 604-Material and Methods of Construction: Building Detailing Professor: David Gill
01
FLOOR PLANS MAY 19, 2018
FAN PAN 1/2" = 1'-0"
A-1.2
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Spring 2018 ARH 604-Ma Construction: Professor: Da
SEC
MAY
FA
1/
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A
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WALL SECTION
Water Proof Membrane Aluminum Entry Door
Plywood Walnut Wood Panel Exterior Cladding Aluminum connector Exterior Cladding Support
Interior Finish Insulation
Steel Stud
J Bolt Aluminum Door Sill & Threshold
Drainage Course Concrete Foundation Walnut Wood Floor
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Entry Door
Guardrail Install w/ Walnut Wood Panels
Double-Pane Glass Sliding Window
Exterior Cladding Support Aluminum Flashing Water Proof Membrane
Door Sill
Aluminum Sunshade Screen Ø 2-1/2" wide openings Aluminum Sunshade Screen Ø1-1/2" wide openings
Plywood Drainage Course
Green Balcony Drainage Pipe
Spring 2018 ARH 604-Material and Methods of Construction: Building Detailing Professor: David Gill
DETAILS MAY 19, 2018
FAN PAN 3" = 1'-0"
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A-2.1
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WALL SECTION
Steel Piece links Walnut Panel Support w/ Steel Structure
Flashing
Aluminum Connection between Walnut Panels Drainage Pipe Aluminum Scupper Scupper Roof Finish
Drainage Pipe
Drainage Course
Drainage Pipe
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FAN PAN — M.ARCH
ENDLESS EXPERIMENTS Spring 2018 ARH 604-Material and Methods of Construction: Building Detailing Professor: David Gill
Aluminum Canopy
Connection between Canopy & Structure Aluminum Door Header Aluminum Entry Door
Aluminum Door Sill
Aluminum Door Jamb
Aluminum Door Jamb
DETAILS MAY 19, 2018
FAN PAN Drainage Pipe Walnut Wood Panel Panel Support
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3" = 1'-0"
A-2.3
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WALL SECTION
Spring 2018 ARH 604-Materia Construction: Bu Professor: David
Water Proof Membrane Walnut Wood Panel Plywood Aluminum Window Frame w/ Double-Pane Glass
Interior Finish Steel Column
Walnut Wood Panel Support Guardrail
Aluminum Sunshade Screen
Scupper
Sealant Connection between Window frame & Structure
Roof Finish
Aluminum Sunshade Screen Ø 2-1/2" wide openings Aluminum Sunshade Screen Ø1-1/2" wide openings
Connection between Window frame & Structure Drainage Course
WIND DET
MAY 1
FAN
3" = Drainage Pipe
A-
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Thank You.
Many thanks to professors, who guided me through the design and completion of all my projects. Many thanks to my family, who supported me through my undergraduate and graduate schools. Many thanks to Mary Scott, who taught me about graphic design and helped me create this book.
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Colophon
School Course Instructor Student Email Cell Book Bindery Photography
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Academy of Art University, School of Architecture GR 700 Portfolio Semina Mary Scott Fan Pan fan.pan.y2009@gmail.com (510) 565-6726 Blurb Fan Pan
Title of Book Cover Stock Text Stock Fonts Sofrware Copyright
Endless Experiments Image Wrap Premium Uncoated, 100 lb Franklin Gothic Book & Medium Adobe Creative Suite 6 @2019 all rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced without express permission from Fan Pan.
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ENDLESS EXPERIMENTS