ARCH 3260 B UILDING STUDY & REPORT
GROUP 2
THE CRYSTAL JUNE SEMESTER
2021 picture by sledge.co.uk
“AS AN ARCHITECT YOU DESIGN FOR THE PRESENT, WITH AN AWARENESS OF THE PAST, FOR A FUTURE WHICH IS ESSENTIALLY UNKNOWN.” – NORMAN FOSTER
THE CRYSTAL
PAGE 03
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Daleena Thandapani 203022262
We
w o u ld
like
to
express
our
deep e s t gratitude t o our lecturer for this s u b j ect, Dr. Goolnosh for her guid a n c e througho ut this semester for t h i s s u bject, an d for allowing us to c o n d u c t this case study project. Our g r o up was a ssigned to do a Shaza Shazwana 203022197
case s t u dy on The Crystal located in
L o n d on,
Un ited
Kingdom.
Thro u g h this case study, we were able t o g ain more k nowledge on the buil d i n g whil e
regulations
b e i ng
able
to
in
the
improve
U.K. our
rese a r c h and analysis skills at the same t i m e . Syaza Syazana 203022284
Siti Nurfarahim 203022287
THE CRYSTAL
PAGE 04
CONTENTS
5
ABOUT THE BUILDING Premilinary studies, the pillars, site context, concept and design theory Shaza Shazwana
11
28
5 main building regulation and the fire safety
BUILDING SCIENCE OR SUSTAINABILITY Breeam and leed awards and the 7 main sustainability features
Daleena Thandapani
32
Syaza Syazana & Siti Nurfarahim
18
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS Structural system, construction method and materials
BUILDING REGULATIONS
INTEGRATED DESIGN
Technology, ventilation and structural analysis Daleena Thandapani & Shaza Shazwana
35
SUMMARY
35
APPENDICES
Overall summary of the case study
Syaza Syazana
23
BUILDING SERVICES 5 main services applied in the building Siti Nurfarahim
39
Plans. sections, elevation and perspectives
REFERENCES Havard refencing
THE CRYSTAL
01
ABOUT THE BUILDING The
Crystal
building
is
located
a
well in
known
East
sustainable
London,
United
Kingdom. It has achieved BREEAM Outstanding and LEED Platinum. The aim of this project was to create innovative and bold architecture that is also influenced with the use of sustainable architecture.
01 ABOUT BUILDING
PAGE 06
WABOUT THE BUILDING
THE PRELIMENARY STUDIES
The Crystal is a well known sustainable building located in East London, United Kingdom. It has achieved BREEAM Outstanding and LEED Platinum. The aim of this project was to create innovative and bold architecture that is also influenced with the use of sustainable architecture.
The
building
halves,
is
The
first
separated half
into
two
as
“the
known
exhibition” and the second half known as “ the office and conference”. The first half
consists
of
interactive
exhibition
spaces, while the second half consists of
image by Arch2o
an auditorium that could seat up to 270 people, meeting rooms, offices, cafe and restaurant.
The
building
halves,
The
is first
separated half
known
into
two
as
“the
exhibition” and the second half known as “ the office and conference”. The first half
consists
of
interactive
exhibition
spaces, while the second half consists of an auditorium that could seat up to 270 people, meeting rooms, offices, cafe and restaurant.
WilkinsonEyre leading
is
one
architectural
portfolio
of
national
award-winning
of
the
practices and
projects.
world's with
a
international
Their
work
is
based on an informed use of technology and
materials
and
combines
a
commitment to the spirit of the new with an awareness of context.
01 ABOUT BUILDING
PAGE 07
THE PILLARS
Wi l k inson E y r e i s o n e o f t h e world's leading a r c hitec t u r a l n a t ional
practices
and
w ith
a
i n t e r n a t i o nal
portfolio
of
award-winning
p r o jects . T h e i r w o r k i s b ased on an informed u s e of t e c h n ol o g y a n d m a terials and combines a comm i t m e n t t o t h e s p i r i t of the new with an a w a ren e s s o f c o n t e x t . A t WilkinsonEyre they b e l ieve t h a t i nn o v a t i o n , c ollaboration and good d e s ign c a n f u r t h e r s u s t a i nability goals. they s e e k t o o p t i m i s e t h e s y nergy between good a e s the t i c s ,
structure,
and
environmental
d e s ign, t o d ra w o u t t h e best aspects of each w i t h ele g a n c e a n d e c o n omy. This ethos has d r i ven
Wi l k i n s o n E y r e
to
deliver
innovative,
e f f icien t a n d b e a u t i f u l d esign solutions that a c h ieve
a
balance
e n v ironme n t a l , s u s taina b i l i t y.
social the
between and
f u n d amental
ethical, economic
principle
of
“ d o ing m o r e w i t h l e s s ” t h at inspired the hightech
architectural
s u c ces s f u l l y
m o vement
interpreted
this
and
have
philosophy
to
d e s ign f o r t h e u r g e n t e n v ironmental needs of t h e 21st C e n tu r y .
CHRIS WILKINSON
SAMPLE OF PROJECTS BEING DONE BY THE WILKINSONEYRE COMPANY
all images above is by https://www.wilkinsoneyre.com/projects
JIM EYRE
01 ABOUT SITE CONTEXT
PAGE 08
A
A Key Plan
B
The site is located in London where it is east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames.
B
C E
D D
C
E
Location Plan
SITE PLAN
E16 is in the county of Greater London. It is 8 km east of the city of City of London
Located in the heart of the London Docklands 'The Crystal' is a visitor centre and landmark building in East London and part of the Green Enterprise District. It is a quality public spaces designed and delivered for the use and enjoyment of both visitors to the Crystal building and the local community.
image by ArchDaily
Local Plan The Local Plan establishes a vision and framework for the borough's growth. It serves as the beginning point for determining whether or not planning proposals can be accepted. The Local Plan, together with the London Plan, forms the Development Plan against which individual proposals are evaluated.
Building Control Building control approval is not the same as planning permission. Building control is concerned with guaranteeing consistent, safe building and construction standards, as well as energy efficiency and accessibility and ease of use, particularly for wheelchair users.
image by ArchDaily
01 BUILIDNG CONCEPT,
The Crystal was based on this crystalline shape that represents the complexities and challenges, of the multifaceted urban life through its design. The Crystal consists of two parallelogram structures. The reflective glass cladding of the façade creates a dynamic visual effect on the waterfront.
PAGE 09
image by WilkinsonEyre's Emirates Air Line
The building had to run entirely on electricity, which was a significant criterion in the brief. It was built to be one of the world's greenest structures, earning BREEAM Outstanding and LEED Platinum certifications. It will serve as a hybrid corporate headquarters that will be open to the public as a permanent exhibition and education area as well as a workplace. The all-glass structure challenges traditional views about sustainability by promoting the use of innovative technology to reduce energy use.
image by WilkinsonEyre's Emirates Air Line
01 THEORY AND DESIGN
PAGE 10
THEORY AND DESIGN The design aims to encourage the growth of sustainable cities through partnerships, research and expert collaboration. This building provides an excellent opportunity to investigate how new technologies might aid in the creation of extremely sustainable buildings that do not rely simply on "passive systems." In all of its magnificence, the glazed and edgy edifice offers a new venue for debate on sustainable urban life and development.
image by Arch2o
02
THE CRYSTAL
THE BUILDING SCIENCE OR SUSTAINABIITY Building designed with sustainability also known as green building which their main purpose is to showcase
the
environmental
resource
efficiency
that
friendly
utilized
and
natural
technologies, idea, materials and others. The main idea is to developing a building that encourage the growth of sustainable in the cities. Moreover, it is ideal to explore new technologies that could support the creation of sustainable building. the crystal building focuses on gaining the recognition of using smart technologies to create future possibilities and functionality for the building.
02 BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY
PAGE 12
BREEAM AWARD
picture by LAKSHMI RAVI CHANDU KOLUSU
B R E EAM ( B u i l d i n g R e s e a r ch Establishment Environmental Assessment Method)
i s the w o r l d ’s
l e a ding s u s t ai n a b i l i t y a s s essment method. BREEAM does this through third party certification of the a s s ess m e n t of a n a s s e t ’ s environmental, social and economic sustainability performance, using s t a nda r d s d ev e l o p e d b y BRE. This means BREEAM rated developments are more sustainable e n v ironme n t s t h a t e n h a n c e the well-being of the peo ple who live and work in them also help protect n a t ural r e s o ur c e s
LEED AWARD
picture by LAKSHMI RAVI CHANDU KOLUSU
L E E D (Lead e r s h i p i n E n e r g y and Environmental Design ) i s the mo s t w i d e l y u s e d green b u i lding r a t i ng s y s t e m i n the world. LEED provides a framework for healthy, highly efficient, a n d cos t - s a v i n g g r e e n b u ildings. LEED certificatio n is a globally recognized symbol of s u s taina b i l i t y a c h i e v e m e n t and leadership.
02 BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY
PAGE 13
3500 Data point system Building management system to ensure all function effectively
30% Solar Energy ensuring the building doesn't overheat.
images by thecrystal.org
T h e Cr y s t a l i m p l e m e n t s an integrated, state of the art building management system where e v e rythi n g c an b e manag e d f r o m o n e o r m a n y locations. The building c an be controlled from the
sma l l e s t
light
fitting
for
comfort.
features
include
CCTV,
advanced
fire
sensors,
o c c upa n c y d e t e c t i o n , s m a r t nodes and comfort sensors. T h e re i s e x t e n s i v e u s e o f natural light throughout th e architecture and the exhibition. Natural d a y light i s ut i l i z e d w h e rev e r p o s s i b l e a n d f eatures include constant light control with a u t oma t i c a d j u s t m e n t o f e a ch and every lamp and LE D for brightness and colour, according to t i me of d a y a n d o c c u p a n c y detection. For the majority of spaces, artificial light during the day i s not r e q u i r ed a n d w h e n i t is, there is no waste.
02 BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY
PAGE 14
100% Water Harvesting rainwater gained from the underground tank will be treated and reused resulting 90% water self sufficient
100% Natural Heating having self sustained heating & cooling in the building resulting 0 bills.
images by thecrystal.org
R a i nwa t e r w i l l b e h a r v e s ted and treated for use as drinking water. The Crystal will utilize w a t er e f f i c i e nt a p p l i a n c e s , l o w use t a p s a n d s a n i t a r y fittings. A connection to the city’s water s y s tem e n s u r e s a s u f f i c i e nt supply in dry seasons. G r o und s o u r ce h e a t p u m p provides 100% of the heat used to warm the building and condition t h e fres h a i r . H e a t i s p u m ped from the ground to the building on cold days (heating season) a n d from t h e b u i l d i n g t o t he ground on hot days (cooling season). w a n ted , a n d t o w a r d s t h e sun in other areas where we want to use the sun for heating the b u i lding .
02 BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY
PAGE 15
20% Electricity gained from the solar panels
15 e-vehicle charging point with many parking space for bikes and walk distance DLR station for transport sustainablity
images by thecrystal.org
A sign i f i c a n t p a r t o f t h e electrical power produc ed in this all electric building will be g e n era t e d b y P h o t o v o l t a i c r o o f pan e l s , w h i c h c o l l e c t the sun’s energy producing electricity c o n ver t e d w i t h S i e m e n s Inverters to match the bu ilding needs. Energy in the Crystal is monitor e d s o e x t e n s i v e l y t hat every kW of electricity used for heat and cooling and every litre o f water c o n su m e d / g e n e r a ted can be measured from inside the building B a t tery s t o r a ge b a l a n c e s load and demand to intelli gently control when power is taken from t h e grid o r e x p o r t e d a n y surplus. E-car charging stations extend that efficiency to Electric V e h icles f o r ma x i m u m m i l eage at minimum cost.
02 LANDSCAPE DESIGN SUSTAINABILITY
PAGE 16
The Crystal
LANDSCAPE DESIGN A c c ord i n g t o T o w n s h e n d LA Architects 2021
PURPOSE
T h e pro j e c t i s t h e f i r s t L o ndon development to r e a ch t w o o f t h e h i g h e st levels at BREEAM " O u tstan d i n g " l e v e l a n d t he international LEED " P l atinu m"
level.
r e d ucing
the
This
landscape
f o o t p r i nt
of
Reducing the footprint of
includes
ecological development
ecological
d e v elopme n t b y d e f i n i n g materials with lower
using materials with a
e n e rgy c o n s um p t i o n t h a n t he standard scheme. H a r d-to- u s e
landscaping
materials
are
also
much lower embodied
c l a ssifi e d a s " C l a s s A " o r higher under the BRE
energy
G r e en S p e c i f i c a t i o n G u i d e lines.
landscape sectional view by http://townshendla.com/projects/the-crystal-58/
T h e go a l o f t h e d e s i g n is to create a
Region is also designed to allow people
d i s tinct i v e l a nd s c a p e t h a t can be used as
involved in social activities at the site,
a preced e n t fo r s u s t a i n a ble design to be
including
p l a ced
urban
community garden. The exercise worked
s p a ces , w h i c h a t f i r s t s e e m ed impossible.
with London Newough, Newham, Design
P u b lic
for
in
town
d o ma i n
d e v elope d i d e ologi e s ,
to so
s q u a r es s t r a t e g i es
promote that
and have
broader
been social
“ s ustainability”
is
the
London
framework
farming
and for
the
and
GLA
creating
a
local
to
food
create
a
‘community
strategy’ for the center. The development
b e t ter u n d e r s t o o d a n d u n derstood by the
is
p u b lic.
garden days and information about the
now
a
regular
city’s beekeeping
event,
workshops,
02 LANDSCAPE DESIGN SUSTAINABILITY
PAGE 17 P l a nts
are
s e n sitiv e
said to
to
be
climate
reduce
water
c o n sum p t i o n , r e d u c i n g t he need f o r con s e r v a ti o n . W h e n i rrigation i s r equ i r e d f o r t h e l a w n , t h e water i s colle c t e d t hr o u g h a p i l o t "black w a t er"
recycling
system,
uses
wastewater
which
from
the
b u i lding . I n ad d i t i o n t o p roviding a visua l i n s t a l l a t i o n s p a ce, it is a l s o nec e s s ar y i n t h e c o ntext of B R E EAM t o s t r e n g t h e n f a una and p l a nts
with
high
b i o diversity
v a l ues. L a n d sc a p e d e s i g n aims to c r e ate a b a l an c e b e t w e e n these two
competing
f a c t o rs
by
d e t erm i n i n g a c a r e f u l l y selected r a n ge o f h a r v e s t t h a t i s not only g o o d b u t a l s o p r o v i d e s wildlife v a l ue wi t h a s o u r c e o f n ectar for landscape top view by http://townshendla.com/projects/the-crystal-58/
bees
and
Wildflo w e r
other
insects.
meadows
and
t r a ditio n a l f l ow e r g a r d e n s share
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
t h i s pot e n t i a l a n d h o p e f ully the c o m mun i t y
can
be
i n s p ired
to
c o m e up w i t h a b a c k y a r d , b alcony o r plant .
the concept development for the landscape by http://townshendla.com/projects/the-crystal-58/
THE CRYSTAL
03 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION the Crystal building is design as a structurally unique
building
along
with
the
smart
technologies. the structure system, construction method and material used played a big part in building creation since design stage through the entire construction process.
03 BUILDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM, CONSTRUCTION METHOD.
PAGE 19
BUILDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Roof Structure
picture by bdonline.co.uk
O n e of t h e m a i n a t t r a c t i o n of the Crystal building is t h e uni q u e f o r m t h a t c o n s ist of two parallelogram of
sus t a i n a bl e
steel
s t ructure
in
the
form
of
‘ c r ystal ’ t h a t m a d e o u t o f triangulated facets and c o n nec t e d b y a n i n t e r n a l street. The steel structure w a s de s i g n e d i n a c o m p l ex geometric pattern with i r r egula r c o o r d i n a t i o n o f each columns and beams w h e re a l l o f t h e m h a v i n g different size, height and s p a n. Th e s e c r e a t e s f e w options on the design of t h e ro o f w h er e t h e t e a m considering on using s p i der w e b o r f a n n i n g i n t he structure before at the end,
finally
they
settling
on
seven
portals
of
d i a gon a l s o l u t i o n . T h e ro o f p l a t e a r e s h a p ed to coordinate with the s t r ess d e ma n d s o n d i f f e r ent areas of the structure. H e n ce, s o m e a r e a s n e e ded the roof plate to be d e e per w h i l e a n o t h e r a r e a s needed to be shallower o r stro n g e r w h e n n e c e s s a ry. These determined the a moun t o f r o o f p l a t e u s e d and the box girders that h o l ds,
bolted
and
p r e f abricated
the
roof
plate
t o g ether . 8 5 % o f t h e s t e e l structure were build and w e l ded o n s i t e w h i l e t h e main rafters approximately 7 2 met e r l o n g w a s b r o u g h t in two pieces.
03 BUILDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM, CONSTRUCTION METHOD.
PAGE 20
Column System O n e of t h e m a i n a t t r a c t i on of the Crystal b u i lding i s t he u n i q u e f o r m that consist of two
pa r a l l e l o g r a m
of
s u stainable
steel
s t r uctur e i n t he f o r m o f ‘ c r ystal’ that made o u t of t r i a n gu l a t e d f a c e t s and connected b y an i n t e r n a l s t r e e t . T h e steel structure was
designed
in
a
c o m plex
geometric
p a t tern w i t h ir r e g u l a r c o o rdination of each c o l umn s a n d b e a m s w h e re all of them h a v ing d i f f e re n t s i z e , h e ight and span. T h e se c r e a t e s f e w o p t i o ns on the design o f the r o o f w he r e t h e t e a m considering on u s i ng
spider
web
or
f anning
in
the
s t r uctur e b e fo r e a t t h e end, finally they s e t tling
on
seven
p o r t a ls
of
diagonal
s o l ution . T h e roo f p l a t e a r e s h a p ed to coordinate w i t h the s t r e ss d e m a n d s on different areas of
the
structure.
H e n c e,
some
areas
n e e ded t h e r o o f p l a t e t o be deeper while a n o the r a r e a s n e e d e d t o be shallower or s t r onger
when
n e c e ssary.
These
d e t erm i n e d t he a m o u n t o f roof plate used a n d the b o x g i r d e r s t h a t h olds, bolted and p r e fabri c a t e d t h e r o o f p l a te together. 85% of
the
w e l ded
steel on
structure
site
while
were the
build
main
and
rafters
a p p rox i m a t e l y 7 2 m e t e r l o ng was brought i n two p i e c e s .
picture by bdonline.co.uk
03 BUILDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM, CONSTRUCTION METHOD.
PAGE 21
CONSTRUCTION METHOD T h e foun d a t i on w a s l a i d with the 21 meter deep
T h e Cr y s t a l b u i l d i n g i s w rap with three types of
o f 160 c o n t i g u o u s f l i g h t au continuous piles
g l a ss p a n e l s t h a t m a d e of double glazed unit.
a l o ng w i t h t h e r e i n f o r c e d concrete piles that
F i r st, is t r a n sl u c e n t p a n e ls that allow desirable
e mbed d e d w it h p l a s t i c U - p ipes that act as one
l i g ht int o t h e s p a c e s b u t o paque insulated panels
o f comp o n e n t s f o r g e o t h e rmal heating system in
a r e ad d e d t o c o n t r o l t h e solar gain. Second, is
t h e buil d i n g .
t h e tra n s p a r en t p a n e l s t h at covers 39% of the b u i lding
façade,
facing
the
main
views
that
A f t er t h a t , b u i l d i n g f r a m e was composed using
c a p able t o p ro v i d e a w i d e astonishing views and
f a b ricat e d b o x s e c t i o n steel in all the main
d a y light i n t o t h e b u i l d i n g . Third is the parallel
s t e elwor k i n c l u d i n g t h e r o o fs, columns and ridge
o p e nin g p a n e l s t h a t c o u l d maximize air volume
b e a ms. T h e s t e e l f r a m e s were arranged based
p e r open i n g fo r a c h i e v i n g full natural ventilation
o n the r o o f r i d g e w h i c h p ositioned in different
a n d temp e r a t ur e c o n t r o l .
top,
bottom
maximiz e
the
and
axes.
span
and
The
reason
column
free
is
to
space
L a s tly,
th e
bui l d i n g
was
built
with
smart
b e t wee n t h e c o l u m n s . T h e usage of steel in
r e n ewa b l e t e c h n o l o g i e s t h at covers from the top
f r a me d e s i g n w e r e m i n i m al and the fast for
t o the b o t t o m. F e w n o t i ceable and impressive
e r e ction s i n c e a l m o s t a l l s teelwork were forged,
t e c hno l o g i e s a r e t h e g e o t hermal pipes located at
w e l ded , c o n n e c t e d o n s i t e .
t h e bo t t o m p a r t o f t h e building. next, is the p h o tov o l t a i c s a n d s o l a r t h ermal sit on top part w h i le
energy
center
that
convert
energy
for
h e a ting a n d co o l i n g l o c a t e d at rear of building. T h e se t e c h n o l o g i e s a r e f ew main components t h a t mak e t h e b u i l d i n g t o operate efficiently.
4.
Smart Technologies
3.
Glass Cladding
2.
Steel framed
1.
Foundations
03 BUILDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM, CONSTRUCTION METHOD.
1
PAGE 22
MATERIALS Glass Cladding Se l f s hading fa c a d e s u s e h ig h p e r f o r m a n c e s o l a r g l a s s which allo w s a r o u n d 7 0 % o f v i s i b l e e v e r y space in t he building h a s a c c e s s t o na t u r a l d a y l i g h t , m e a n i n g m i n i mal artific i a l l i g h t i s n e e d e d . T h e r e a r e t h r e e ty p e s
of
doubl e
glass
glazed
panel
used.
first,
tran slucent pan e l s t h a t a l l o w d e s i r a b l e l i g h t i n t o t h e s p a c es. second, t r a n s p a r e n t p a n e l s t h a t c o v e r s 3 9 % o f t he building f a ç a d e , t o p r ov i d e a w i d e a s t o n i s h i n g v i e w s a nd day l i g h t i n t o t h e b u i l d i n g . t h i r d , p a r a l l e l picture by archdaily
o p e n ing panels t h a t c o u l d ma x i m i z e a i r v o l u m e f o r a c h i eving
full
natural
v e n t il a t i o n
and
temperature
c o n t rol.
2
Steel Structure S t r u cturally e l e g ant that m i n i m i z e d t h e a m o u n t o f m a t e rial
and
p r e f abrication
optimized and
construction
modularization
as
time
by
much
as
p o s s ible. Steel s t r u c t u r e f r a me w o r k b u i l d i n c o m p l e x g e o m etry.
The
m i n i mum
weigh t
steel
structure
p r e - f a b r i c at e d .
used To
a
CNC-cut
maximize
the
e f f i ciency of th e s t e e l a n d t he r e b y e n s u r e d t h a t t h e s u s t ainable ap p r o a c h h a d a d i r e c t i m p a c t o n t h e picture by bdonline.co.uk
b u i l ding fabric.
Reinforced concrete
3
The
re inforced
concrete
ar e
used
in
the
160
c o n t inuous fligh t a u g e r f o u n d at i o n p i l e s t h a t s u p p o r t e d th e building. th e f l o o r s a l s o us e d c o n c r e t e m a t e r i a l t o c r e a te a sturdy a n d c l e a n b a se .
picture by archdaily
picture by earthtimes.org
THE CRYSTAL
04 BUILDING SERVICES a
lot
of
building
people dynamics
sustainable
involves that
agenda
to
driven
while
create
the
from
the
incorporates
technologies and services in the design to assist the sustainable design.
04 BUILDING SERVICES
PAGE 24
G r o und s o u rce h e a t p u m p s s u p p l y v i r tuall y
all
of
the
b uilding’s
h e a ting a n d m o s t o f i t s cooling. The
sy s t e m
works
by
pumping
w a t er t h r o u gh a p i p e t h at loops d e e p i n t o t he g r o u n d . T here are 1 9 9 pi p e s a t t h e C r y s t a l totaling 1 7 k m i n l e n gt h a n d r e a c hing as d e e p a s 1 5 0 m. T w o g r o u n d source h e a t p u mp s t h e n c r e a t e hot and c h i lled
w a t er
u n d erflo o r
and
pipes
p u mp
for
it
to
h e a ting
or
c h i lled b e a ms f o r c o o l i n g .
detail diagram of the heatting and cooling system
HEATING & COOLING SYSTEM
blurskull.weebly.com
Ground source heat pump picture by LAKSHMI RAVI CHANDU KOLUSU
C o l d w a t e r is p a s s e d t hrough a c e i ling mo u n t e d b e a m s o when the r i s ing h o t a i r r e a c h e s t h e chilled b e a m it c o o l s a n d s i n k s , bringing c h i lled a i r t o t h o s e b e l o w . Energy
Passive chilled beam picture by LAKSHMI RAVI CHANDU KOLUSU
i s recov e r e d b y t h e r m a l wheels. O u t going a i r p a s s e s o v e r a heata b s orb i n g d i s c w h i c h t h e n rotates into
the
incoming
air
stream,
w a r min g t h e f r e s h a i r . A r ound 60% o f outgo i n g he a t o r c o o l i n g energy i s recov e r e d .
Exhibition air handling units picture by LAKSHMI RAVI CHANDU KOLUSU
04 BUILDING SERVICES C r y stal
is
10 0 %
electric
b u i lding s , o f w h i c h a b o u t 20%
are
1 , 5 80
produced
m2
p h o tov o l t a i c
by
solar
panels
roof
panels
t h a t cov e r t wo - t h i r d s o f t h e roof . t h e f a ç a d e u s e s h i g h -qu a l i t y s o l a r t u r f t h a t a l l ows a b o u t 7 0 % o f t h e l i g ht to b e s e e n t h r o u g h each
w i n d o w,
a b o ut e n e rgy .
30%
but
only
uses
The
s o l ar energy
c o n sum p t i o n i n t h e c r y s t al i s : so c h e c k c a r e f u l l y t h a t e a c h kil o w a t t s o f e l e c t r i c i t y used are: measure. This is p o s sible detail diagram of the sewerage system
SEWERAGE SYSTEM
blurskull.weebly.com
B l a ck
Water
system
compared
p e r forma n c e
to other
b u i lding s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d f o r to ma i n t a i n e f f i c i e n c y .
a l lo w
w a t er wa s t e to b e t r e a t e d on s i t e. bi o l o g i c al t a n k s u s e d to a s s ist t h e s ew a g e t r e a t m e nt. t r e atmen t f i l le r s f o r c a r bon f i l ter and m e m b r a n e f i l t e r . t r e atmen t a n o xic
z on e s
and
known
aerobic.
as The
t r e ated b l a c k w a t e r w i l l be u s e d ef f i c i e nt l y f o r w a t e ring t h e land s c a pe , f i l l i n g i n the WC
re- f l u s h ed
and
o t h e rs.
1 0 0 % o f t h e w a t e r w a s t e to b e reu s e d , h e n c e i m p r o v ing the
drainage
maintai n e d
the
s y s t em, b u i l d ing
s u s taina b i l i t y a n d r e d u c e the a moun t o f w a s t e f l o w i n g out t o the s e w e r s.
detail diagram of the sewerage system blurskull.weebly.com
ENERGY /ELECTRITY
PAGE 25
04 BUILDING SERVICES
PAGE 26
services system diagram thecrystal.org
R a i nwa t e r i s c o l l e c t e d i m mediately t h e roo f o f t h e b u i lding a n d ke p t a d i s t a n c e of 30m³ a storage tank o n the g r o u n d a n d a l a r g e water tank outside. The c o l lecte d
water
is
t r e ated
by
filtration
and
u l t ravio l e t d i si n f e c t i o n . B l ack water reaches highest
WATER RETICULATION SYSTEM
l e v el
processing
during
recycling,
let
by
a
b i o logic a l r e se r v o i r i n p a i r s treatment areas (anoxic a n d ae r o b i c ) a n d t w o f i l t e rs (membrane and long f i l ter) a c t i v a te d c a r b o n f i lters). all recycled water u s e d for i r r i ga t i o n a n d t o i let drainage. taken 100% f l u sh
potential
b u i lding
is
sources
warm
the
80 w ater
About is
80%
heated
of with
the a
c o m bin a t i o n t h e r m a l s o l a r water heater roof and g e o the r m a l h e a t p u m p s .
water
distribution
stage
by
LAKSHMI RAVI CHANDU KOLUSU
THE RAINWATER TANK
all of the rainwater collected is detail diagram of the water distribution system blurskull.weebly.com
being store in this big water tank.
04 BUILDING SERVICES
PAGE 27
the mechanical transportation area in a floor plan picture by archdaily
MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
THE ATRIUM AREA
THE EXHIBITION AREA
picture by WilkinsonEyre
picture by Ryan Lintott
T h e cen t e r g o t t w o d i f f e r ent type of
but
s p a ces t o s e g r e g a t e f u n ctionality of
s p a ces i s a s e m i p r i v a t e spaces that
t h e bui l d i n g . t h e r e i s t h e corporate
r e q uired d i f f er e n t s p a c e s and route to
s p a ces a n d a l s o t h e e xhibition or
e n t er an d w al k . a n d t h e r e is different
k n o wn a s p u b l i c s p a c e s . the public
f l o or
s p a ces i n t h e b u i l d i n g is a triple
s p a ces c o mp a r e t o t h e e x hibition area
v o l um ar e a , si n c e t h e a r e a function is
w h i ch s i t u a t ed o n t h e g r o und floor. so
f o r exhi b i t i o n i t i s r e q u i red for the
t h e elev a t o r i s o n l y p r o v i ded for that
s p a ce
s p a ces .
to
be
volume,
b a s icall y u s e s t a i r c a s e s .
that
sace
for
the
le v e l
for
corporate
different
area,
that
function
of
picture by earthtimes.org
THE CRYSTAL
05 BUILDING REGULATIONS Building regulations is England’s version of the
UBBL
procedures
by
Laws.
for
It
provides
constructing
out
new
the and
renovated structures in order to make them safe
and
accessible
while
also
reducing
waste and environmental harm. Building regulations help people to comply with them the Government produces Approved Documents which offer guidance and show ways of achieving compliance.
Appendix E3 : Sprinkler systems should be provided throughout the
Section 2.5 : Building’s with one storey more than 4.5m above ground
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
SPRINKLER SYSTEM
PAGE 29
STAIRWELLS & EXITS
05 BUILDING REGULATIONS & FIRE SAFETY
building or separated part, unless acting as a compensatory feature to address a specific risk. b. For non-residential buildings, or residential buildings outside the scope of BS 9251, the requirements of BS EN 12845, including the relevant hazard classification together with additional measures to improve system reliability and availability as described in Annex F of the standard.
level should have either of the following. a. Protected stairway – a stair separated by fire resisting construction (minimum REI 30) at all storeys, that complies with one of the following. i. Extends to a final exit. ii. Gives access to a minimum of two ground level final exits that are separated from each other by fire resisting construction (minimum REI 30) and fire doorsets (minimum E 20) b. Alternative escape route – a top storey separated from lower storeys by fire resisting construction (minimum REI 30) and with an alternative escape route leading to its own final exit.
Section 1: When there is a fire, ensure both: a. satisfactory means of sounding an alarm b. satisfactory means of escape for people. Appendix B1. The building shall be designed and constructed so that there are appropriate provisions for the early warning of fire, and appropriate means of escape in case of fire from the building to a place of safety outside the building capable of being safely and effectively used at all material times.
LIFTS & FIRE LIFTS
FIREFIGHTING SHAFTS
05 BUILDING REGULATIONS & FIRE SAFETY
PAGE 30
Section 15.5 : A minimum of two firefighting shafts should be provided
to
buildings
with
a
storey
that
has
both
of
the
following. a. A floor area of 900m2 or more. b. A floor level 18m or more above the fire and rescue service vehicle access level. .15.6 Firefighting shafts and protected stairways should be positioned such that every part of each storey more than 18m above the fire and rescue service vehicle access level complies with the maximum distances given in paragraph 15.7. Distances should be measured from the fire main outlet on a route suitable for laying a hose.
Section 2.7 : A passenger lift serving any storey more than 4.5m above ground level should be in either a. The enclosure to the protected stairway b. A fire resisting lift shaft (minimum REI 30) Section
15.8
Firefighting
stairs
and
firefighting
lifts
should
be
approached from either of the following. a. A firefighting lobby. b. A protected corridor or protected lobby that complies with the following guidance. i. Means of escape (Section 3). ii. Compartmentation (Section 7). Both the stair and lobby of the firefighting shaft should be provided with a means of venting smoke and heat (see clause 27.1 of BS 9999).
05 BUILDING REGULATIONS & FIRE SAFETY
FIRE SAFETY
PAGE 31
Aside from the standard fire safety features, the Crystal also uses new technology that provides fire alarms and evacuation systems which includes intelligent analytics and advanced Real-time monitoring is used fire sensors. it can be seen that most of the standard building regulations are followed.
Floor Plan by archdaily
LEGEND : Staircase
Fire Alarm
Lifts
Hose Reel
Exits
Fireman Intercom System
Manual Call Point
picture by earthtimes.org
THE CRYSTAL
06
INTEGRATED DESIGN
The crystal london is a well known smart green building. It is known for its technology and also its magnificent glass wall diamond shape like facade. It was built to be one of the world's greenest buildings, earning BREEAM Outstanding and LEED Platinum certifications. It
incorperates
new
modern
technology
sustainable architecture into its design.
and
06
PAGE 33
INTEGRATED DESIGN, TECHNOLOGY
Rainwater harvesting
High performance glazing Self shading
Blackwater treatment Water treatment
Hot water storage
Water tanks
Ground source heating & cooling
Heat pump
image by ArchDaily
The morning sunlight are not that hot compare to the afternoon. Since the main entrance is facing to the east allow the morning sunlight to penetrate without heating the building. Which reduce cooling system and also make use of the natural lighting to at its best.
Evening
Afternoon
Morning
The main entrance is facing to the east make The afternoon sunlight rotate to the west create shadows that fall at the main entrance which is a good way of reducing heat and way to provide shades
image by Daleena
06
VENTILATION & STRUCTURE ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE
PAGE 34
The Crystal is designed as a smart technologies building that produce green sustainability to the buildings. The design help to maximize the use of natural ventilation. These systems will be optimised using advanced Building Management System. The only public space that would always be mechanically ventilated will be the auditorium due to its acoustic requirements.
image by Farahim
Glass panels for achieving Thermal comfort The panels in areas of low cooling load, such as at the café, used mild insulated panel to allow sunlight into space Spaces with high heat-generating uses greater cooling requirements, like offices, have more heavily insulated panels.
image by Daleena
Building form responds to environment The walls in administrative office areas are inclined downwards to prevent direct solar glare and minimise overheating in habitable areas. The inclined shaped not only for aesthetic but to expressied of how the building responds to the environment.
image by Daleena
Using technologies for Ventilation system The building operates with a low energy, intelligent mixed mode ventilation strategy. Where it will be naturally ventilated in both the office and exhibition crystals, using motorized opening vents in the facades and roofs. The building management system maximizes free cooling, avoiding the use of air conditioning where possible.
image by ArchDaily
THE CRYSTAL
SUMMARY
PAGE 35
The Crystal London is the landmark in Royal Victoria dock London as it has such a striking façade, uniquely designed from other neighborhood buildings. The building has become an architecture icon in London. Even though designing is very challenging as the purpose or the main goal is to become one of the good green building example,, but the architect Wilkinson Eyre has made the building possible. The building creates an interaction between outside and inside by an exploration of views and boundaries. The openness and transparency of the building increases the environmental poetics such as the sunlight, wind and rains which can be felt spatially. Not only aesthetically pleasing, yet also functional. a transformation of a diamond not just made the building looks amazing but it also became one of the best green building in the world. Based on the study that had been carried out on this building, we are able to understand that The Crystal is a sustainable building that uses new technologies to reduce the cost and use of energy in the building without relying on passive systems. The Crystal’s design also offers a good relationship between the building and it’s natural surroundings through the well thought planning, and with the landscaping around it which offers a new sustainable urban lifestyle to users.
THE CRYSTAL
APPENDICES
PAGE 36
ROOF PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
THE CRYSTAL
APPENDICES
PAGE 37
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
THE CRYSTAL
APPENDICES
PAGE 38
SECTION
ELEVATIONS
THE CRYSTAL
APPENDICES
PAGE 39
PERSPECTIVE
SECTION PERSPECTIVE
THE CRYSTAL
PAGE 40
REFERENCES
29365811 (2018). Case studies analysis of green building - Baraah Hamdoon. [online] Issuu.
Available
at:
https://issuu.com/arch.baraah/docs/casestudiesanalysisofgreenbuilding_e1a670aa823d 91 [Accessed 31 Aug. 2021]. ArchDaily. (2012). The Crystal / Wilkinson Eyre Architects. [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/275111/the-crystal-wilkinson-eyre-architects. Aziz,
N.
(n.d.).
Building
control.
[online]
Newham
Council.
Available
at:
https://www.newham.gov.uk/planning-development-conservation/building-control-1. Buxton2012-05-08T08:17:00+01:00, P. (2012). Crystal amazes as sustainable urban showcase.
[online]
Building
Design.
Available
at:
https://www.bdonline.co.uk/buildings/crystal-amazes-as-sustainable-urbanshowcase/5036021.article. Cibse.org. (2013). CIBSE - Building Services Knowledge. [online] Available at: https://www.cibse.org/knowledge/knowledge-items/detail?id=a0q20000008JgXK. Editor (2013). Case Study: The Crystal – A Siemens Sustainable Cities Initiative Featuring
KNX
|
KNXtoday.
[online]
Knxtoday.com.
Available
at:
http://knxtoday.com/2013/11/2605/case-study-the-crystal-a-siemens-sustainable-citiesinitiative-featuring-knx.html. https://www.aquascapes-uk.com/case-study-the-crystal/. Crystal
|
Aquascapes
Limited.
[online]
Available
(2016). at:
Case
Study
–The
https://www.aquascapes-
uk.com/case-study-the-crystal/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2021]. Ijeh,
I.
(2012).
Case
study:
Siemens
Crystal.
[online]
Building.
Available
https://www.building.co.uk/focus/case-study-siemens-crystal/5042760.article.
at:
THE CRYSTAL
PAGE 41
REFERENCES
Lakshmi Ravi Chandu Kolusu (2017). THE CRYSTAL, LONDON: A SUSTAINABLE INTELLIGENT BUILDING CASESTUDY BY …. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/LakshmiRaviChanduKolusu/the-crystal-london-asustainable-intelligent-building-casestudy-by-lakshmi-ravi-chandu-kolusu. McManus, D. (2012). Siemens Crystal: Urban Sustainability Centre London. [online] earchitect. Available at: https://www.e-architect.com/london/siemens-crystal [Accessed 31 Aug. 2021]. RAVI
CHANDU
KOLUSU
(n.d.).
THE
CRYSTAL,
LONDON:
A
SUSTAINABLE
INTELLIGENT BUILDING CASESTUDY BY LAKSHMI RAVI CHANDU KOLUSU. [online] pdfslide.net.
Available
at:
https://pdfslide.net/education/the-crystal-london-a-
sustainable-intelligent-building-casestudy-by-lakshmi.html [Accessed 31 Aug. 2021]. Ridhwan Zakaria (2013). Intelligent Building (Dayabumi Complex). [online] Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/mdhwanz/intelligent-building-dayabumi-complex?
next_slideshow=1 [Accessed 31 Aug. 2021]. RTF | Rethinking The Future. (2021). The Crystal by Wilkinson Eyre Architects: A pavilion in a park. [online] Available at: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/casestudies/a4224-the-crystal-by-wilkinson-eyre-architects-a-pavilion-in-a-park/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2021]. Scribd. (n.d.). The Crystal Siemens 130418090818 Phpapp02 | PDF | London | Sustainability. [online] Available at: https://www.scribd.com/document/477297622/thecrystal-siemens-130418090818-phpapp02 [Accessed 31 Aug. 2021]. The Crystal. (n.d.). Sustainable Living and Development | The Crystal London. [online] Available at: https://www.thecrystal.org/about/.
THE CRYSTAL
PAGE 42
REFERENCES
Volume 1: Dwellings Requirement B1: Means of warning and escape Requirement B2: Internal
fire
spread
(linings)
Requirement
B3:
Internal
fire
spread
(structure)
Requirement B4: External fire spread Requirement B5: Access and facilities for the fire service Regulations: 6(3), 7(2) and 38 APPROVED DOCUMENT B Fire safety O N L I N E V E R S I O N O N L I N E V E R S I O N. (2020). [online] . Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachme nt_data/file/937931/ADB_Vol1_Dwellings_2019_edition_inc_2020_amendments.pdf. WilkinsonEyre
(2020).
The
Crystal.
[online]
WilkinsonEyre.
Available
at:
https://www.wilkinsoneyre.com/projects/the-crystal. www.bdonline.co.uk. (2012). The Crystal | Green Building. [online] Available at: https://gbplusamag.com/the-crystal/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2021]. www.isgltd.com. (n.d.). The Crystal - one of the world’s greenest buildings. [online] Available
at:
https://www.isgltd.com/en/who-we-are/sustainability/case-
study/sustainability-the-crystal.
“ARCHITECTURE IS ABOUT TRYING TO MAKE THE WORLD A LITTLE MORE LIKE OUR DREAMS” -BJARKE INGELS
THE CRYSTAL LONDON BY WILKINSONEYRE ARCH3260 BUILDING STUDY AND REPORT JUNE 2021 Created by Daleena Thandapani Shaza Shazwana Syaza Syazana Siti Nurfarahim