ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE2 ARCH2423 LECTURER:MR.QAISSN.KHUDEIR SEMESTER:JUNE2021 (GROUPH) LIGHTINGANALYSIS SOCSOREHABILITATIONCENTERMALACCA GROUPMEMBERS: NO. NAME STUDENTID PROGRAM EXAMID 1. SITINURFARAHIMBTZULAKBAR 203022287 FBE301 60767 2. SYAZASYAZANABINTIMOHD KHASTALANI 203022284 FBE301 8414I 3. ALFIANURULKHAISABINTIAMIRUL 202921969 FBE301 6914L
ENVIRONMENTSCIENCE2 REPORT(A)LightingMarkingScheme: Youcanusethisschemetomarkreportsinyourdiscipline,andyouexpectMarksofyour written GROUPreports.NAME:H STUDENTNAME&EXAMID: SYAZASYAZANABINTIMOHDKHASTALANI(203022284)/8414I SITINURFARAHIMBTZULAKBAR(203022287)/60767 ALIFIANURULKHALISABINTIAMIRUL(202921969)/6914L Awardingabasicmarkforareport
Background.Here,youputtherequirementsoftheproject,especiallythosethataffectthis particularreport.Somerequirementsmayderivedirectlyfromthemoduleorfromsome externally-definedstandardorspecification.Makesuretoincludereferencesforallthe sourcesofyourrequirements.Youmaywish(alternativelyyoucouldputthisinthemain body)toputsomeofthebackgroundtheoryrelatingtotheprojecthere. Mainbody.Thisvariesfromreporttoreportandfromprojecttoproject.However,some commonheadingsare: Projectmanagement—teamresponsibilities,budgetsandtimetable.
●Systemdesign—selectionofconfiguration
Introduction.Thissectionshouldidentifytothereadertheaimandpurposeofthereportthat youarewriting(whyyouarewritingthereport),withperhapsashortsummaryofthe contentsandfindings.Thebroadaimsoftheprojectshouldalsogohere.
●Hardwaredesign(oftenbrokendownintosubsystems)—explainyourcomponent selectionandReportdesigndecisions.Clearschematicsshouldbepresented. ●Whereveryoumakeadesigndecision,youshouldbackupyourdecisionwith reasoningorcalculations Conclusions.Hereyoucansummariseyourfindings(whatyouhavedecidedandwhatyou havelearned),drawanyconclusionsfromthemthatareappropriate,e.g.howyoumightdo thingsdifferentlynexttime,andlookatthejobremaining. Yourreportmustbeaneffectivemeansofcommunicatingtheresultsofyourproject. ●Languageshouldbeclearandcorrect. ●Presentation(clearfonts,diagrams,useofspaceetc.)shouldaidincomprehensionof the ●Thematerial.informationshouldbestructuredtosensiblyprogressfromrequirementsto conclusionsinclearsections.
TABLEOFCONTENTS Abstract 4 Introduction 5 11 AimandObjectives 5 12 Buildingbackground 6 1.3.Reasonofselection 7 14 Measureddrawing 8 LiteratureReview 11 2.1.ThermalComfort(Effectsoflightsonbody). 11 22 Whatislightandtheimportanceof lightinginArchitecture? 11 2.3.Lightinginhealthandcarefacilities. 13 24 NaturalLightingandArtificialLighting 14 25 Illuminance 15 2.6.LumenandLumenmethod. 15 27 Daylightfactoranddistribution 16 2.8.Lightlossfactor(MF/LLF) 17 29LightLumenDepreciation(LLD) 17 ResearchMethodology 18 3.1.Onlineresearch 18 32 Blogs 18 33 Datacalculationmethod 18 3.4.Lightinganalysiscalculation 19 35 Observation 19 CaseStudy 20 4.1.Lightanalysis 20 411 Naturallighting 20 4.1.2.Artificiallighting 20 42 Daylightfactoranalysis 21 43 Artificiallighting 22 AnalysisandResult 24 51 LightingLayoutandCalculation 24 Recommendations 26 61OutcomeofResearchandRecommendation 26 6.1.1ArtificialLighting 26 512Skylight 26 6.1.3WindowFeatures 27 62UBBLRequirements 27 Conclusions 28 References 29
This report includes a performance study of environmentallightingconductedattheSOCSO Rehabilitation Center, Melaka. To conduct a performance evaluation, we have extracted the floor plan from the official website of this center to facilitate data collection. Lighting performance data collection was performed during building operations to measure and respond to existing environmental conditions. all the data and images collected is used for conducting analysis to study the performance of the building. All analyses are supported by technical inputs such as formulas and equations for calculatingroomlighting,aswellaslists of figures and tables used. A reference list is provided at the end of the report for easy navigation.
Abstract
2.Determinethefunctionofdaylightandartificiallightinginexistingspace.
1.1.AimandObjectives
Theobjectivesoftheprojectare:
4.Understandtheinfluenceoftechnologyandbuildingmaterialsonlighting.
Lighting is one of the most important elements in architectural design and interior design. Natural lighting or even artificial Good light design makes people prefer to walk closed or open because they can see the texture and color of the surroundingsveryclearly.Thisaffects the level of visual comfort of the individual. Different spaces according to different lighting designs create a certain atmosphere intheroom.Theuseofmaterialsisveryimportantinthe design. Equipment can improve thequalityofthespaceyouwantanditcanimprovetheuser experience because it does not provide the right requirements for a given space. The chosen location is the SOSCO Rehabilitation Center in Malacca. The project was carried out in groups of three. We continue our analysis by collecting data, including measured images, lights measurement using the material provided. The method of data collection was also photographed for recording. The analysis and calculations performed are documented in a reportformat.
3. Forreportingandanalysisofcriticalareas,aswellasrecommendingwaystoimprovelight qualityininadvertentlyusedspaces.
5.Duringtheproject,determinethedifferencesbetweenthedifferenttypesoflighting.
1.
1.Understandthecharacteristicsofsunlightandlightintheproposalspace.
Introduction
The project also aims to train the ability to produce comprehensive documentation on light -related spatial analysis. In addition, this study allows us to explore and apply construction understanding physical exposure to building or construction technology and building materials in existing building projects. We have the ability to evaluate and explore improvisation using current equipment and technology relevant to the current construction industry Finally, we can learn the understanding and analysis of layout policies and proceduresusingspecificmethodsorcalculations,suchastheLumenmethod.
FIGURE1showsaerialviewofthecentrebystarpropertywebsite
The chosen building is known as SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre. It is situated at Bandar Hijau,Hang Tuah Jaya, Melaka, Malaysia. The centre has a lot of facilities. But for thiscase study the chosenspaceofstudyisthegymnasiumandtheindustrialrehabilitationcentre.Itis the first rehabilitation center in Malaysia. It combines medical and vocational rehabilitation with paramedic health institutions. SOSCO's "Return to Work" program helps patients with disabilitiesundergophysicalandvocationalrehabilitationtoreturntowork.workers.Located onarolling55hectarearea,the‘mainbackbone’forwalking,wheelchairandcarconnected various groups ofbuildingsinarow.Thearchitect,AnuarAziz,calledtheprocessa“Journey to Healing”, where patients will heal physically and mentally andleadanormalworkinglife after the recovery process. The paramedic institute will provide qualified staff. The concept of the building is that each building will have a different identitybasedonfunctionandease of search. Soothing and soft colors are used throughout the resort. This certified green complex (according to the Malaysian Green Building Index) is) designed where nature through a lush landscape and “spirituality” is an important partofthehealingprocess.Using the universal concept of ‘access for all’ and Malaysian Standards (MS), the project aims to representthebestorganizedrehabilitationcentersthatmeetinternationalstandards.("SOSCO RehabilitationCenter",ed.)
1.2. Buildingbackground
1.4.Measureddrawing FIGURE3masterplanoftheSOCSORehabilitationCentrebyarchitizer.com FIGURE4showingthedrawingofthefirst floorplanindicatingthegymnasiumarea
FIGURE5showsthefloorplanofthegymnasium
In Sliney’s (2016) research, light has thepropertiesofwavesandparticles.It’salsoclearthat the limit of vision actually ranges from around 310 nm in the ultraviolet (when young) to about 1,100 nm in the near infrared, but that depends a lot on the radiance, which is the “Brightness” of the light source. The content of the artificial light spectrum has undergone very significant changes in our lives, and all the biological implications of the spectrum content of new lighting technologies remain unexplored. Basically light is'Anaturalremedy that stimulates and makes visible; also, light sources, especially electric lamps. “Finally” is the device that makes a fire ignite, whether it is a match, lighter or a flame.” The unit to measure light is Lux (IX), which describes the amount oflightthatstrikesthesurface.There are two types of lighting: natural lighting and artificial lighting.Naturallightingcomesfrom the source of the sun, which contrasts with artificial lighting comes from instruments that producelight.
Humans are influenced psychologically and physiologically by different spectra supplied by different kinds of light. This effect is less measurable and easily used regardless of the daylight. Daylighting is associated with a better mood, increased enthusiasm, low back fatigue and poor vision. Oneoftheimportantpsychologicalaspects istorespondtotheneed for contact with the outside world (Robbins 1986). According to Dr. Ott (Ott Biolight Systems, Inc.1997a)thebodyuseslightasanutrientformetabolicprocessessimilartowater or food.Naturallightstimulatesimportantbiologyandcanbeusedinthebrainandisdivided into colors thatareimportantforhealth.Onacloudydayorinlowlight,notbeingabletosee the color of the light can affect mood and energy levels. dr. Liberman (1994) also mentions that gentleness plays a role in care Health: When it comes to health, balance and physiological regulation, we naturally show the main health functions of the body; the nervous system and the endocrine system. The main control center of this body is the stimulatedandregulatedbylight,beyondmodernscienceisreadytobeaccepted.
2.1.ThermalComfort(Effectsoflightsonbody).
2. LiteratureReview
2.2.Whatislightandtheimportanceof lightinginArchitecture?
According to new research, Lighting playsanimportantroleinhowpeopleknowand understand architecture. Whether buildings and structures are lit naturally or artificially, lightingisawaytoseeandappreciatethebeautyofthebuildingsaroundus.Lightingcanadd emotional value to an architecture it helps create an experience for those who inhabit the space. Where is the architecture without lights? Does it still have the same effect? No, it won’t. Whether natural or artificial light, light drawsattentiontothetexture,colorandshape of the space, allowing architecture to achieve its true purpose. Vision is akeyunderstanding in terms of architectural appreciation, and light enhances the wayweseearchitecturefurther afield.(Romoocean,2020).
Usually during the day, the use of sunlight in the room is often considered apositive added value for architectural objects. Dynamic natural and controlled artificial lighting can not only affect the measurable physical conditions of the room, but can also create different visual and atmospheric experiences. In lighting analysis, many that will measureandrelyon digital light levels and pass, are grouped in lux units. Yet, in a deeper relationship and the importance of light quality, there may be more complex elements. determined not only by measurement, but also by our senses (Fontenelle, 2008). For example, frequent lighting conditions associated with the perception of space and the influenceoftheeffectsoftexture, surface, color and shape. Even more, no matter artificial light or natural light, it can also evoke different feelingsandimagesforresidents.Inaddition,thelightpropertiesofcolor,the brightness distribution of space, the shadows reflected, the shadowsformed,andthecolorof thelightwillallaffectthevisual.
2.3.Lightinginhealthandcarefacilities.
The benefits of natural light are reported to be declining in hospitals and assisted communities, the cost of light and heating is reduced while creatingbetterphysiologicaland psychological conditions for both patients and staff. Research shows daylight can reduce mental and physical stress for patients, doctors and nurses. In a truly successful hospital environment, such as as part of a patient care program, use it now. Assisted living communities arealsointegralinthedaytimebecauseitgivesbetterlight..“Daylightingoffers a sense of spirituality, openness, 32 and freedom from the prison-like confinements and intensitythatcharacterizewindowlessspaces”(Verderber1983).
The effect of light on hospitals is why German hospitals and medical institutions prohibit its use of cool white fluorescent lights (Walker 1998). The benefits of daylight and sensation are open to staff,visitorsandpatients.Studiesalsoshowthatdaylightispossibleto reduce facility operating costsbecausepatientsrecoverfasterindayrehabilitationcenters.At the quality of the window space is also said to have the quality of psychotherapy because: offers a pastoral view and natural light; hence the environment becomes more therapeutic with better spatial quality(Vischer1986;Verderber1983).Frameworkrulesinhospitalshave also been adopted in the United States. This rule determines whether a window should be placed in a room wherethepatientwillbeformorethan23hours.Anumberofpolicieshave also been developed to determine the area of windows that will be placed on patients. bedroom with bed. Although there is recent research on the effects ofnaturallighthospitals, thisruleshowstheimportanceofwindowsinhealthandcarefacilitiestotreatpatients.
Artificial light is atechnicaldevicethatproduceslightbyconvertingelectricalenergy into radiation and light. There are two types of light sources, namely, incandescent lamps that emit light by high-temperaturefilamentradiation,andluminouslampsthatemitlightby light -emitting electrons (Raman, nd). Artificial light is not only important for inducing or enhancing a certain experience in space, butalsoacertainvisionforthequalityofspace.For example, keeping residents safe in warehouses and offices is important when carrying out tasks and finding interesting people in a room. Below youcanseethemaximumlightoutput foraroomwithaparticularuse.
Natural light should be properly planned in the building as it can have psychological effects and benefits for the residents, reduce absenteeism and increase productivity in the work environment. (Keith, nd.) The amount of sunlight that enters a building depends on its orientation and size, as well as the glass material. Visible emitters from natural lighting systems must not be less than 50% to use natural light. ("MS 1525", 2007) In addition, the device should bedesignedtoavoiddirectsolarradiationanddiffusedlighttoensureeffective light cover. Indeed, according to MS 1525 (2007), the reduction in energy consumption for artificial light is due to the greater compensation of natural light than the cooling energy required by more glassy building envelopes. For reproduction, natural lighting must be well plannedtoconserveenergyefficiently.
FIGURE6Unitpowerlighting.(includingballastlossallowance)by “MS 1525”, 2007
2.4.NaturalLightingandArtificialLighting.
FIGURE8Lumenmethodformula
FIGURE7Standardilluminancelevelandworkingheightby.wbdg.org 2.6.LumenandLumenmethod. Lumen is the unit of measurement of the total amount of light source whereas Illuminance measurestheincidentlightthatstrikesonthesurface. Lumen method is an indoor calculation methodology used to identify the number of luminaires or lamp fixtures required to achieve a given average illuminancelevelofaspace. It is done by calculating the number of lamps installed to ensure it has enough level of illuminance.
2.5. Illuminance. Illuminance is expressedintheunitoffootcandleorlux.Theclosertheilluminatedareaisto the light source, the higher the Illuminated values. The horizontal illuminance is referringto the incident ray landing on a horizontal surface whereas vertical illuminances describes the illuminance landing on a vertical surface. Illuminance produced during daylight includes a vast range of 150,000 lux on a sunny day to 1,000 lux on a grey day in winter whereas moonlightisabout0.3lux.(Baier,2012)
E=averageilluminanceoverthehorizontalworkingplane n=numberoflampsineachluminaire N=numberofluminaire F-Lightingdesignlumensperlamp,ie.Initialbarelampluminous. UF=utilizationfactorforthehorizontalworkingplane LLF=lightlossfactor A=areaofhorizontalworkingplane. 2.7.Daylightfactoranddistribution Daylight factorsdescribetheamountofilluminationavailableindoorsrelativetoillumination of the outdoors at the same time under overcast skies and it is expressed in percentage. In other words, it is the ratio of internal light level to external light level as shown below. It measures the quality of daylighting in a room and to determine thesufficiencyofthenatural lighting of a space. The higherthedaylightfactors,themorethenaturallightavailableinside aspace. DF=(Ei/Eo)x100% DF=Daylightfactors Ei=illuminanceduetodaylightatapointontheindoorsworkingplane Eo= simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed hemisphereofovercastsky FIGURE9Daylightfactorsanddistributionby “MS 1525”, 2007
2.8.Lightlossfactor(MF/LLF) LF (Light Loss Factor) is the result of a few factors, each devaluing light yield at specific point in the future contrasted with beginning light yield Recoverable factors ordinarily thoughttobeinthese estimationsare: 2.9LightLumenDepreciation(LLD) The L70 metric perceives the way that lumen yield devalues over the long haul and buildsupLEDs' evaluated life as where lumen devaluation has reached 30%(LLD=070) Sincethispointisprobably going to be a long time later on, utilizing L70 as a factor to configuration around may prompt huge, introductoryover lighting A moreprecisemeanincentiveforLEDsacceptsapointintimethatapproximatesthemeanexistence of natural sources (T8 and T5 fluorescent) that have generally been characterized as 40% of their appraisedlife Moderately,LEDsatanequivalenttimehavelostaround12 13%oftheirlightoutput* LLD=.87 .88 LLF=.98x.87=.85
This topic explains various methods commonly used in gaining information that could help us inachievingourobjectives.Allofthedatathatisrelevanttotheresearchorprojectwillbe collected,discussedandanalyzedbeforeapplyingitintoourprojects.
For achieving our objectives, online research is one of our main components for gaining relevant information. This method involves finding collectivedatathatrequiresustosurfthe internet. The online research included online articles, news, past studies, social media, work slides and online databases. The information gained will be summarized and analyzed carefully before finalizing it in the report. Online research is one of the most impactful and effective methods especially during this Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia that limitsususingsomephysicalapproach.
3.2.Blogs Blogs are one of the alternative research used for in depth personal information. Blogs are considered as a medium for certain individuals or groups of authors to have a freedom for writing limitless topics including those that you cannot easily find in other platforms. For achieving our objectives we are more focused on finding blogs written by valid real experts with architecture, engineering, construction or any relevant background course. We will be looking in online diaries, professional websites and personal sharing on the appropriate topics.
3. ResearchMethodology
In lighting plan, the date calculation method, (additionally called zonal depression strategy), is an improved technique to compute the light level in a room. The strategy is aprogression of computations that utilizes level illuminance measures to build up a uniform luminaire format in a space. In its most straightforward structure, the lumen strategy is only the complete number of lumens accessible in aroomseparatedbythespaceoftheroom.Toplay out this computation, many components, coefficients, light lumen information and different amountsshouldbeaccumulated.
3.3.Datacalculationmethod
3.1.Onlineresearch
3.4.Lightinganalysiscalculation
Notwithstanding the logical impression of the lumen strategyconditions,thereareerrorsand suspicions incorporated into the technique. Subsequently, the lumen strategy ought not commonly be utilized as an independent, last arrangement; it oughttobeutilizedasadevice in especially uniform settings of lighting plan if a basic, unpleasant method of illuminance evaluationiswanted.
The lighting analysis calculation in a word comprises computation of the "depression proportions" of the upper, center, and lower volumes of the space tobelit.Thelowerholeis from the floor to the functioning tallness, the upper pit is from the lower edge of the luminaires to the roof, and the center depression is the volume between these planes. The viable reflectance of roof, floor, and dividers are assessed from plain information. A coefficient of use, addressing the small part of light that is coordinated to the functioning plane, is provided by producers for each luminaire plan for the different determined room depressionproportions. A portion of the light created by the lights is lost because of non-ideal light working conditions, soil on the luminaires, soil on the room surfaces. A light misfortune factor is determined for every one of these, inviewofclassifiedobservationalcomponents.Giventhe typical lighting issue of acquiring a normal lighting level at the functioning plane, the quantity of luminaires can be determined dependent on the viable measure of valuable light that each luminaire has been determinedtodischarge.Sincethezonalholestrategyjustgives a normal lightinglevel,makersclassifyprescribedseparatingtomountingstatureproportions thatshouldnotbesurpassedifuniformbrighteningiswanted.
3.5.Observation Observation is a technique that involves an individual or a group of people to structurally focus on the environment, carefully listening, looking, findings, selecting on anything regarding the appropriate objectives. This method is used to gather information and gain knowledge without a direct approach that results in gaining lists of data collection in a few different perspectives. For this report we will observe the information gained from other methodsandmakeasummarizeddatatablebeforefinallyanalyzingthem.
4. CaseStudy 4.1.Light Artificialanalysislighting Th ifi i l li h i id d i ddi i l li h i h i i SO sel ev rec
4.2.Daylightfactoranalysis After calculating the daylight factor using the formula, it is important to determine the categoriesoflightdistributioninthegymnasiumspace Thecategorieswillbedividedintofourcolors which are gray,green,yellowandred.Allthesecolourssymbolizetheleveloflightdistributioninthe space. Colour Condition Daylightfactor Distribution Verybright >4 VeryBright Bright 3~3.99 Good Average 2~2.99 Fairamount Dull 0~1.99 Poor Calculations MinimumDaylightFactor :(285/5000)X100% :057lux
From the layout, the red color columnswithaverybrightdaylightdistributionconsistofallopenings and artificial lighting in the gymnasium space. This is because the openings and under the artificial lighting are constantly exposed to the natural lighting making the space brighter than other parts of space
The light distribution gets lower as it further away from the light exposure Away from the openings, there is an emptyconcretewallwithnoopeningsandlackoflightingalternativeinthispart of space hence the light exposure decreases significantly Affecting the visual colored layout, it is shown that from the yellow coloured column with a bright light distribution into green with fair amount of light distribution and lastly the gray column with poor light distribution Overall, the daylight factor of the gymnasium is average in performance since the parts that are exposed to the daylightilluminantareinconsistent
T8+tubes
The SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre gymnasium does not rely only on the natural sunlight
Artificial light is needed as an alternative light during limited sunlight especially during night time
There are few types of artificial lights usedinthegymnasiumnotonlyfordesignandvisualpurposes but the lights also provide thermal comforttothespaceasitisalsooneofthekeysforcontrollingthe temperature, view clearing and brightening up the space Since this is a gymnasium, toomanylights could affect the temperature, making it uncomfortable for the users While too little artificial lights could prevent the users to see clearly especiallyinthegymnasiumthatisfullofheavyanddangerous equipment that creates accidents Withtheconsiderationofspace,environmentanduserstheartificial lightsinthegymnasiumneedtobecontrolledin numbersasitismorepreferable
4.3.Artificiallighting
The gymnasium uses Philips Lighting Brightboost TLF T8 + tubes as their main artificial lights This lighting offers a long life energy savings and environmentally responsible light bulbs Thereare5unitsinarowoflightfittingthatcoversbothwallsofthegymnasiumspace
FIGURE13showsPhilipsLightingBrightboostTLF
back part of thespace Thereasonisthatthelightsfocusonthemainactiveareaofthespacewhichis where all the gymnasium equipment is located. This creates an illusion that the area and activities there are more dominant than other areas While the back part of thegymnasiumisusedasa resting and yoga area that require dimmer lights which is the reason the back area has a low number of artificiallightsthatresultsinmildbrightness
5. AnalysisandResult 5.1.LightingLayoutandCalculation The SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre gymnasium is average in performance sincethepartsthat
g gy p , controlled and balanced numberoflightsinthespaces.ThedimensionsoftheSOCSO Rehabilitation Centre is 328 meters in length, 212 meters in width while 42 meters in heights There are 7x6 numbers of rows where the distance between each row is 4m in width and 4.2m in length having a totalareaof384sqm Numberoflamps Numberofrows Numberoflampsin eachrows Boundaryoffset space N= ExA FxUFxMF N= (400x 695.36)25000x0.4x0.8 N=278144/8000 N= 35lamps =widthofbuilding/ =spacing21.2m/4 =5rows. =32.8m/4M =8lamps. =32.8/8 =4m. From these calculations we can determine the amount of artificial lights needed in a space Our solution and suggestion toimprovethespace'silluminantperformanceistoaddanotherrowof5unit lightsatthebackpartofthegymnasiumtofollowtheadequatenumbersof35lamps
6. Recommendations 6.1OutcomeofResearchandRecommendation Aftergivingitathoroughconsiderationandthought,belowaretherecommendationsthatarethought tobemostsuitablechoices,basedoffofthecasestudyabove. 6.1.1ArtificialLighting 1a)LEDPhi Fortheartifi thatthelight tube,italsod toconvention 5.1.2Skylight 2b)TubularSkylight Forskylight,anothergoodchoicewouldbeTubularSkylight.Thisisbecausetheadvantagesarethat theyareveryversatile,astubularskylightscanfitwheretraditionalskylightsnormallycannot Tubularskylightsarealsosimplertoinstall.Andtheydonotaddheatorglare,whichmeansitwill notirritatetheeye
6.1.3WindowFeatures 3b)3mSunControlWindowTintFil Betweenthetwochoicesforwindowfeatures,The 3msuncontrolwindowtintfilmisanothergood choice,thereasonsforthisarethattheyreduceupto78%ofthesun’sheat,makingtheroommuch coolerintemperature.Theyhelpindispersingthenaturallightingevenly,andtheycanblockup99% ofharmfulultravioletrays 6.2UBBLRequirements PARTIII:SPACE,LIGHT,ANDVENTILATION 37.PROJECTIONSOVERTHESTREETANDOVERTHEBUILDINGLINE 125mclearoftheapprovallineofthestreetisthemaximumprojectionwhichmaybepermitted 39.NATURALLIGHTINGANDVENTILATION Everyroomdesignedshallbeprovidedwithnaturallightingforuseofresidential,businessorother purposesexcepthospitalandschools
Soinconclusion; ThechosenlocationistheSOCSORehabilitationCenterinMalacca.Theprojectwascarried outingroupsofthree.Wedidouranalysisbycollectingdata,includingmeasuredimages, lightsmeasurementusingthematerialprovided.Themethodofdatacollectionwasalso photographedforrecording.Theanalysisandcalculationsperformedaredocumentedina reportformat. Wehavealsodoneresearchonseveralmethodsthatareusedcommonlytogaininformation thathelpedusachieveourobjectives. Allofthedatathatisrelevanttotheresearchorproject werecollected,discussedandanalyzedbeforebeingappliedtoourprojects.
7. Conclusions
Afterseveralcalculations,analysis,andresearchwasdone,weprovidedrecommendationsin ordertosolveeachpartoftheproblemsuchastheartificiallighting,theskylight,andthe windowfeatures.
Based on the case study above,wehavefoundthattheilluminanceonZone3andZone4are higher than Zone 1 and Zone 2 because they arelocatednearthewindowthatallowdaylight to illuminate into the spaces. And based on the Malaysian Standard on building energy efficiency, the Daylight factor of the gymnasium is averageperformance.Theareawithpoor distributionofdaylightalsoneedstobebrightupusingartificiallight.
8. References 1. Fontenelle,C,V.(2008,December).TheImportanceofLightingtoTheExperienceof Architecture: Lighting approach in architectural competitions. (pp 3-6) Retrieved content/attachment/1%20Ciro%20Fontenelle%20-Lighting_in_architecture.pdffromhttps://www.kth.se/polopoly_fs/1.176688!/Menu/general/column 2. Keith, R. (n.d.) Daylighting guide for buildings. Retrieved from https://www.cmhc schlgcca/en/inpr/bude/himu/coedar/upload/Daylighting Guide for Buildingspdf 3. Liberman, J. (1991). Light Medicine of the Future. New Mexico: Bear & Company Publishing 4. Light loss factor (nd) Retrieved from http://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/lightloss.htmlLighting Calculations. (n.d.). Retrieved October 11, 2015, from http://www.fuzionlighting.com.au/technical/lighting calculations.php 5. Malaysian Standard 1525: Code of Practice on energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for non residential buildings (first revision) (2007) Putrajaya: Department of Standard Malaysia 6. Ott Biolight Systems, Inc. (1997c). “Product Catalog.” SantaBarbara,California:Ott BiolightSystems,Inc. 7. Ott Biolight Systems, Inc. (1997c). “Product Catalog.” SantaBarbara,California:Ott BiolightSystems,Inc. 8. Verderber, S. (February 1983). “Human Response to Daylighting in the Therapeutic Environment.” 1983 International Daylighting Conference. Phoenix, AZ: General Proceedings;pg.415.
9. Vischer, J.C. (November 1986).“TheEffectsofDaylightingonOccupantBehaviorin Buildings: New Directions for Research.” 1986InternationalDaylightingConference ProceedingsII.California;pp.419–429. 10.Walker, M. (1998). “The Power of Color.” http://www.vitalight.com/articles/walker.htm. Site last modified April 20, 1998; accessedJune12,1998.
ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE2 ARCH2423 LECTURER:MR.QAISSN.KHUDEIR SEMESTER:JUNE2021 (GROUPH) ACOUSTICANALYSIS SOCSOREHABILITATIONCENTERMALACCA GROUPMEMBERS: NO. NAME STUDENTID PROGRAM EXAMID 1. SITINURFARAHIMBTZULAKBAR 203022287 FBE301 60767 2. SYAZASYAZANABINTIMOHD KHASTALANI 203022284 FBE301 8414I 3. ALFIANURULKHAISABINTIAMIRUL 202921969 FBE301 6914L
Introduction.Thissectionshouldidentifytothereadertheaimandpurposeofthereportthat youarewriting(whyyouarewritingthereport),withperhapsashortsummaryofthe contentsandfindings.Thebroadaimsoftheprojectshouldalsogohere.
ENVIRONMENTSCIENCE2 REPORT(B)AcousticMarkingScheme: Youcanusethisschemetomarkreportsinyourdiscipline,andyouexpectMarksofyour written GROUPreports.NAME:H STUDENTNAME&EXAMID: SYAZASYAZANABINTIMOHDKHASTALANI(203022284)/8414I SITINURFARAHIMBTZULAKBAR(203022287)/60767 ALIFIANURULKHALISABINTIAMIRUL(202921969)/6914L Awardingabasicmarkforareport
Background.Here,youputtherequirementsoftheproject,especiallythosethataffectthis particularreport.Somerequirementsmayderivedirectlyfromthemoduleorfromsome externally-definedstandardorspecification.Makesuretoincludereferencesforallthe sourcesofyourrequirements.Youmaywish(alternativelyyoucouldputthisinthemain body)toputsomeofthebackgroundtheoryrelatingtotheprojecthere.
Mainbody.Thisvariesfromreporttoreportandfromprojecttoproject.However,some commonheadingsare: Projectmanagement—teamresponsibilities,budgetsandtimetable. ●Systemdesign—selectionofconfiguration ●Hardwaredesign(oftenbrokendownintosubsystems)—explainyourcomponent selectionandReportdesigndecisions.Clearschematicsshouldbepresented. ●Whereveryoumakeadesigndecision,youshouldbackupyourdecisionwith reasoningorcalculations Conclusions.Hereyoucansummariseyourfindings(whatyouhavedecidedandwhatyou havelearned),drawanyconclusionsfromthemthatareappropriate,e.g.howyoumightdo thingsdifferentlynexttime,andlookatthejobremaining. Yourreportmustbeaneffectivemeansofcommunicatingtheresultsofyourproject. ●Languageshouldbeclearandcorrect. ●Presentation(clearfonts,diagrams,useofspaceetc.)shouldaidincomprehensionof the ●Thematerial.informationshouldbestructuredtosensiblyprogressfromrequirementsto conclusionsinclearsections.
TABLEOFCONTENTS Abstract 3 Introduction 4 11 Aimandobjectives 5 12 Buildingbackground 6 1.3.Reasonofselection 7 14 Measureddrawings 8 Literaturereviews 11 2.1. Acousticinarchitectureandwhyitisimportant 11 22 Reverberationand attenuation 12 2.3.Soundpressurelevel(SPL)andsoundreductionindex(SRI) 12 Methodology 14 31 observation 14 3.2.Onlineresearch 14 33 Blogs 14 34 Classlecture 15 3.5.Acousticanalysiscalculation 15 Casestudy 16 41 Sitestudyandzoning 16 4.2.Externalnoisesource 18 43 Interiornoisesource 19 4.4.Existingequipment 20 45 Coolingsystem 24 46 Humannoise 25 4.7.tabulationinterpretationofdata 27 48 Acousticfixturesandspecification 29 4.9.Calculation 31 Recommendation 31 Conclusion 31 References 31
This report includes a performance study of environmentallightingconductedattheSOCSO Rehabilitation Center, Melaka. To conduct a performance evaluation, we have extracted the floor plan from the official website of this center to facilitate data collection. Acoustic performance data collection was performed during building operations to measure and respond to existing environmental conditions. all the data and images collected is used for conducting analysis to study the performance of the building. All analyses are supported by technical inputs such as formulas and equations for calculating room acoustics, as well as lists of figures and tables used. A reference list is provided at the end of the report for easy navigation.
Abstract
Acoustics are one of the most important elements of architecturaldesignandinteriordesign. Different rooms according to different acoustic designs create a certain atmosphere in the room. The use of materials is very important in the design. The equipment can improve the quality of the desired space and can improve the user experiencebecauseitdoesnotprovide theappropriaterequirementsforaparticularspace.
High noise levels are one of the biggest complaints about the accommodation. Noise pollution in certain rooms is caused by a combination of factors: phone ringing, noisy electronic devices, scratches on chairs and especially conversations. In addition, a noisy environment will be noisy for longer, as people will be moreabletospeakthevoicesaround them; this is called the Lombard effect. However, a crowded environment can be displayed negatively on productivity, lower concentrationlevels,increasedstressandimpairedlearning ability ThechosenlocationistheSOSCORehabilitationCenterinMelaka.
1.Introduction
The project was carried out in a group of three people. We proceededtheanalysisby collecting data including measured images, acoustic measurements using the materials provided. The method of data collection was also photographed for recording. The analysis and calculations performed are documented in a report format. Essentially, the project is a design to demonstrate and implement acoustic requirements at the proposed site.Finally,we concludetheanalysisbasedonthefindingsandobservations.
3.Todeterminethedifferenttypesofacousticsthroughoutthisproject.
1.Toobserveandunderstandacousticsanditscharacteristics.
2.Tounderstandacousticrequirementsinasuggestedplace.
1.1.Aimandobjectives
4.Todeterminethecharacteristicsandfunctionofsoundwithintheintendedspace.
5.Tocriticallyreportandanalyzethespaceandsuggestremediestoimproveacoustic qualitieswithinthespace. The main objective of this project is to provide an understanding of acoustics and suggest features and needs in the space so as to be able to determine its function and the various factors that influenceit.Withthedatacollectedandrelevantknowledge,theanalysisassesses the space suggested by critical thinking.Inaddition,understandingtheacousticelementsand their existing arrangement allows the acoustic properties reflected in the data set to be determined using specific methods or calculations. By saving previous searches, making comparisons with searchesonthissite,previoussearcheswillhelptoachievealloftheabove objectives.
Thesocsorehabilitationcentreentrancebydocplayernet
1.2.Buildingbackground
Figure121
The chosen building is known as SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre. It is situated at Bandar Hijau,Hang Tuah Jaya, Melaka, Malaysia. The centre has a lot of facilities. But for thiscase study the chosenspaceofstudyisthegymnasiumandtheindustrialrehabilitationcentre.Itis the first rehabilitation center in Malaysia. It combines medical and vocational rehabilitation with paramedic health institutions. SOSCO's "Return to Work" program helps patients with disabilitiesundergophysicalandvocationalrehabilitationtoreturntowork.workers.Located onarolling55hectarearea,the‘mainbackbone’forwalking,wheelchairandcarconnected various groups ofbuildingsinarow Thearchitect,AnuarAziz,calledtheprocessa“Journey to Healing”, where patients will heal physically and mentally andleadanormalworkinglife after the recovery process. The paramedic institute will provide qualified staff. The concept of the building is that each building will have a different identitybasedonfunctionandease of search. Soothing and soft colors are used throughout the resort. This certified green complex (according to the Malaysian Green Building Index) is) designed where nature through a lush landscape and “spirituality” is an important partofthehealingprocess.Using the universal concept of ‘access for all’ and Malaysian Standards (MS), the project aims to representthebestorganizedrehabilitationcentersthatmeetinternationalstandards.("SOSCO RehabilitationCenter",ed.)
1.3.Reasonofselection
The site consists of five blocks, namely an administrative block, a vocational rehabilitation block, a medical rehabilitation block, a paramedical care block and a bedroom and dining room. The focal block is the medical rehabilitation block. The space chosen for thisstudyis the gymnasium. primarily based on observations. The gym room will help us develop and understand how to adjust the acoustic level to ensure users comfort. The gym room can be considered a semi-enclosed space. The reason for choosing it is that in the environment the acoustic quality should be quieter and more comfortable to prevent the onset ofunnecessary psychological stress in the healing process. Around the block are several trees that can provide shade. The space chosen to analyze the acoustic is the gymareawherethegymarea is not just a regular room equipment for the gym, but also some area is especially for the disabled. There is also room for aerobics. Because of the many activities brought in there, they have different sounds at different times and the use of thematerialwillaffectthesound levelinthosespaces.
Figure1.3.1.Gym interior
1.4.Measureddrawings Fi 141 l f h SOCSOR h bili i C b hi i
Acoustics comes from the Greek word Akouein, which means ready to be heard. Sound isa mechanical wave in acoustics. To vote is energy produced by vibrations that can be transferred to solids, liquids andsolids.Soundismeasuredthroughalogarithmicscalecalled decibels(db).Soundwaveshavepropertiessuchasfrequency,speed,wavelength,andforce. (Mehta,Building1999).
acoustics is thescienceofsoundcontrolinbuildings.Thisincludesreducing the transfer of sound from one room to another and controlling the sound characteristics in that room. Acoustic development is an important consideration in the design, operation and construction of buildings in general and can have an impact on health, well -being, communication and productivity. Space is very important in a space such as a concert hall, recording studio, auditorium, etc. Where sound quality and comprehension are very important. According to a website designingbuilding.co a Building acoustics can beaffected by: The Geometry and volume of space. Second It has the absorption, transmission and reflection of surface sound in space and space. Other than that The characteristics of sound absorption, transmission and reflection ofmaterialsthatseparatethespace.Soundgeneration indoorsoroutdoors.HertziansoundtransmissionandlastThesoundofanaccident.
Why it is important for Acoustic in architecture, The voices embrace and extend the space in which theyoccur,creatingtheperfectcontextfortheaudience:thesoundsourceand its environment provide a unique listening experience. (OASE78, 2009). Sounds in terms stress, tone, frequency influencethelevelofcomfortandexperienceintheroom.Thisiswhy voice control is important: users preferacomfortablespace.(Szokolay,2004)Accordingtoa research by rockfon.co, The voice definitely defines the character of the room. Do people want to be in a place to focus, talk or give a speech? Acoustics affect well-being and the environment around human beings. Poor acoustics can ruin the conversation in a space. When the room acoustics are improved, the effect on the joint space occurs. Today, even neurologistsareawareofthegrowingimportanceofacousticsandtheirrelevance.
2.1. Acousticinarchitectureandwhyitisimportant
2.Literaturereviews
2.2.Reverberationand attenuation
Reverberation is the continued presence of audible sound after the source of sound hasbeen stopped whichwascausedbyrapidmultiplereflectionsbetweensurfacesofaroom.Thetime when reverberation loses its intensity and the decay of sound level is reverberation time.
Reverberation time depends on 3 factors: the volume of the room, total surface area and absorptioncoefficientsofthesurfaces.(Cavanaugh,W.J&Wilkes,J.A.,1999)
Formula:t= t=reverberationtime(s) V=volumeoftheroom( ) A=totalabsorptionofroomcoefficient
2.3.Soundpressurelevel(SPL)andsoundreductionindex(SRI)
Sound pressure level is actually a ratio of the absolute, sound pressure andareferencelevel. Level this is usually the threshold of hearing from the lowest intensity sound that can be heard by most people. Sound pressure level is usually measured indecibels(dB),becauseof the incredibly broad range of intensity levels we could hear. Below are the typical sound levelswhichrangefromanoptimumandextremelevelofpressuretobeheard.
As the sound passes through the medium, the intensity decreases with distance. In an ideal material, the acoustic stress (signal amplitude) is only reduced by propagating the wave. However, all natural materials produce a softer effect than sound.Thisadditionalweakening results in diffusion and absorption. Propagation is the reflection ofsoundinadirectionother than the original propagation direction. absorption is the conversion of sound energy into otherformsofenergy Thecombinedeffectofdiffusionandabsorptioniscalledattenuation.
g p p Sound reduction index or transmission loss of a partition measures the number of decibels lost when a sound of a given frequency is transmitted through the partition. Calculation for soundreductionindex(SRI) Figure232 Calculationofsri
3.2.Onlineresearch
This topic explains various methods commonly used in gaining information that could help us inachievingourobjectives.Allofthedatathatisrelevanttotheresearchorprojectwillbe collected,discussedandanalyzedbeforeapplyingitintoourprojects.
3.Methodology
For achieving our objectives, online research is one of our main components for gaining relevant information. This method involves finding collectivedatathatrequiresustosurfthe internet. The online research included online articles, news, past studies, social media, work slides and online databases. The information gained will be summarized and analyzed carefully before finalizing it in the report. Online research is one of the most impactful and effective methods especially during this Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia that limitsususingsomephysicalapproach. 3.3.Blogs Blogs are one of the alternative research used for in depth personal information. Blogs are considered as a medium for certain individuals or groups of authors to have a freedom for writing limitless topics including those that you cannot easily find in other platforms. For achieving our objectives we are more focused on finding blogs written by valid real experts with architecture, engineering, construction or any relevant background course. We will be looking in online diaries, professional websites and personal sharing on the appropriate topics.
Observation is a technique that involves an individual or a group of people to structurally focus on the environment, carefully listening, looking, findings, selecting on anything regarding the appropriate objectives. This method is used to gather information and gain knowledge without a direct approach that results in gaining lists of data collection in a few different perspectives. For this report we will observe the information gained from other methodsandmakeasummarizeddatatablebeforefinallyanalyzingthem.
3.1.observation
TimeFormula:RT=(0.16xV)dividebyA VWhere,=Volumeofspace A=Totalabsorption(MaterialCoveringAreaxAbsorptionCoefficient)
3.4.Classlecture
By attendingtheEnvironmentalScienceclasseseveryThursday,thelecturerexplainedallthe basics that weneededtounderstandbeforestartingthereport.Thelecturesalsoprovidesome examples and guidance for the students including the concept, calculations and others. The slides and files that are sharedduringtheclassareusedasreferencetopreventanyunwanted mistakes that could affect the marks. During the class, the students also have timeforaQ& A session with the lecturer if there are any uncertain things regarding the topics. Thisisone ofthebestmethodsforgainingmorevalidinformationthatcouldbehelpfulwiththereport.
3.5.Acousticanalysiscalculation
Sound andAcousticanalysisplaysaroleintheacousticdesignperformance,soundandnoise level of the noise. ThecalculationforReverberationTimeisbasedontheReverberationtime (RT) measurement of the amount of reverberation in a space and equal to the time required for the level of a steady sound to decay by 60dB after thesoundhasstopped.Thedecayrate depends on the amount of soundabsorptioninaroom,theroomgeometry,andthefrequency ofthe Reverberationsound.
Figures4.1.1showsthesitelocationofTheSOCSORehabilitationCentre
4.1.Sitestudyandzoning
The SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre is located in Bemban, a remote area in Malacca between two main roadsofLebuhrayaUtaraSelatanandJalanYayasanSaad.Thebuildingis sandwiched between a solar farm, forest, hills and an undeveloped road. The vehicles only access the site through Jalan Yayasan Saad where only a minimal number of vehicles circulate through the road. On the other side, the Lebuhraya Utara Selatan is an active road with many numbers of high-speed vehicles passing by. From our observation and analysis, The SOCSORehabilitationCentrehasanoptimumsoundrangereachingaround50to55dB, that does not create any disturbance to the users inside the building since the surrounding estateispackedwithlushgreeneries.
For studying the Acoustic properties in space, we chose the main gymnasium ofThe SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre. The gymnasiumisaplacetoassistpatientstostrengthentheir physical and mental strength, improving their stability and resistance after injury or any damages in the patient's body Theusersofthegymnasiumspaceincludesthestaff,therapist, coaches, patients, guardians and others. Thegymnasiumisalargeopenspaceappropriatefor its function and activities carried out in the space. For this acoustic study, the gymnasium spacewillbedividedintofivezonesbasedonthefurniture,wallsandpartition.
4.Casestudy
Figures4.1.2showstheGymnasiumzoningofTheSOCSORehabilitationCentre Zone1 Figures4.1.3showsthePhysiotherapyandaerobicsessioninthegymnasium Zone2 Figures4.1.4showsthegymnasiumequipmentlocatedinzone2
The External noise is also an important factor to determine the acoustics in the Gymnasium. There is unwanted noise coming from outside that could affect the gymnasium interior giving discomfort to the users. The exterior space surrounding the gymnasium is divided into 3 zones. Each zone creates a different range of noise since zone 3 is where the AHU room is located, zone 4 is located facing the garden while zone 5 is located near the mechanicalroom.
Figures4.2.2showstheexteriorzonesofthegymnasium
Zone3&4
Figures4.1.5showstheexternalareaofthegymnasium
4.2.Externalnoisesource
After a few observations, wedeterminethatthenoisecomingoutfromtheventilationsystem and other machines in the AHU room in zone 3 contributedthemostoutof3exteriorzones. The mechanical room near zone 5 coming out from the motor equipment. While zone 4 createsasoftsubtlenoisedependingsinceit'sfacingthegarden.
The gymnasium is a closed space, in a building, within the walls, floor, ceilings and roof, even though the space layout itself is an open space. The openings provided are the doors and windows situated at a proper distance with one another.However,theysometimes closed the windows and doors to prevent air-conditioning air from escaping the building space. The interior space will be divided into two zones which are Zone 1 for the floor activities and Zone 2 for thegymnasiumequipmentlocated.Therearemanysourcesofnoise that contribute to the interior acoustic, however,themainsourcewouldbethedifferenttypes of speakers located in the space. The speakers are used to playing music during activities. While secondary sources would be coming fromtheequipmentused,air-conditionerdiffuser andtheactiveusersinthespace.
4.3.Interiornoisesource
Table4.2.1showstheexampleofexteriornoisesurroundthegymnasium
Figures4.3.1showstheinteriorzoningofthe gymnasium
Figures4.4.2sectiondrawingshowstheuserrespondtothespeaker
The main source of noise in the gymnasium is a set of speakers that was installed to the computer. The speakers are used for playing music during sessions. A loudspeaker is neededtocoverallopenspacesinthegymnasium.Thenoiselevelcanbecontrolledremotely using the sound system in the computer devices. The music choices also play part in producing different levels of noises. However sincethisisarehabilitationcentre,thenoiseis usuallyatamoderatelevelsothatitdoesnotdisturbthepatientstakingthesessions.
Figures4.4.1showsthelocationofspeakerinthegymnasium
4.4.Existingequipment
Figures4.4.3AltecLansingVS2521speakersystemforPC Table4.4.1specificationofspeakerusedinthegymnasium Other than the speaker connected to the computer devices, there is another speaker that is installed on the ceilings. The total of 8 ceiling speakers function during emergencies rather than for entertainment. For example, during Fire safety announcements, extreme weather podcasts, health emergencies and other dangerous situations that could occur in the gymnasium or the SOCSO Rehabilitation Centrebuildingitself.Hence,onanormalday,the ceilingspeakersdonotproduceanynoise. Figure4.4.4 ceilingspeakersinthegymnasium
Figure4.4.5 specificationofceilingspeakersinthegymnasium Figure4.4.6 JBLCeilingspeakercontrol24C/CT Table4.4.2specificationofceilingsspeakerusedinthegymnasium
While speakers have been the main source of noise in the gymnasium,thesecondary source is the gym equipment. The gym equipment was brought in after carefully selected according to the users where all of them are patients. These patients undergo physiotherapy sessions hence, lighter and safer equipment are always the best options. The equipment that neededmorespacearemostlyarrangedinzone2sincezone1neededforflooractivity. Figure4.4.7 arrangementofthegymequipments
Figure4.5.1 air-conditionerdiffusersinthegymnasium
The air-conditioner diffusers were installed on the wall under the skylight windows. They do not produce a lot of notes that could create disturbance to theusers.Therotationof thecontroldiscthatgeneratesinsidetheair-conditionerdiffusersproducesasubtlenoise.The air-conditioner diffusers provide improvements in the space making it more comfortable creatingacomfortableenvironmentforthepatientsduringsessions.
Figure4.5.2Locationoftheair-conditionerdiffusersinthegymnasium
4.5.Coolingsystem
Figure4.5.3sectiondrawingoftheair-conditionerdiffusersinthegymnasium
There are few different activities done by the users in the gymnasium. First is the Physiotherapy sessions for the patients in Zone 1. These sessions are done on a daily basis according to the schedule where the staff will help the patients both physicallyandmentally such as stretching, taking a walk, consulting or having a small talk. The conversation between both patients and staff contributes to a certain level of noise in the gymnasium. There is also music playing in the background during the session to help the patient felt comfortable.
Figure4.5.4diffuserforventilation Table4.5.1specificationofair-conditionerdiffusersinthegymnasium
4.6.Humannoise
Figure4.6.3groupactivities
Figure4.6.1Physiotherapysessionsorflooractivitiesinzone1
Second activity that contributes to the noise level in the gymnasium is exercising using the gym equipment. Although they choose the equipment that is much lighterthanthe regular equipment for the patients, it is still a heavy and hard load that could raise the noise level in the gym. Other than that, the conversation strikes among patients and the music playedinthebackgroundwhilehavingafaintechofromtheadjacentspaceaddmorenoisein thegym.
Figure4.6.2exercisingusinggymequipmentsinzone2
Third activity on the zone 1 floor area is zumba, aerobics and other group activities that are usually held in the evening. The movement from the human body, the frictionmade while exercising, the loud sound from steps, conversation and cheering between the group members while having loud music assisting the activities results in a high level of noise producedinthegymnasiumduringgroupactivities.
The colors present in the table represent the respective zones in the colored plan and the readings were taken atthelevelof1m.Thegymnasiumfloorplanisdividedinto5zones. Zone 1 and zone 2 is the interior while zone 3, 4 and 5 is the exterior The factors that influence the acoustic level in the gymnasium are the speakersused,gymequipment,human activitiesand thecoolingsystem.Figures
From the table above, we can conclude an analysis for the interior acoustic level of the gymnasium.The result is zone 1 hasthehighestnoiselevelrecordedat70dbwhilethelowest with44dbiszone4.
4.7.tabulationinterpretationofdata
4.7.1zoningplanofgymnasium
For exterior space, zone 3 has the highest of 51db in the area. It is becausetheAHU roomsarelocatedthere.Thenoisethatcomesfromtheventilationsystemandothermachines influence the rise of noise in zone 3. At zone 4, all of the noise levels arerelativelylowand the highest is only 46db. This is because ofthelocationofzone3thatfacesthegardens.The noise is most likely coming from rustling leaves, vehicles passing by, people walking and others. At zone 5, the highest noise level is 57db where it is near the mechanical roomsthat generate motor machines inside. Zone 5 is also a resting area for the users. Hence, talking, smokingandmovementmadebyusersalsoinfluencethenoiselevel.
The table shows that in zone 1 which has the highest noise level is where the main stereo speaker is located. The speaker plays various music including the up-beat songs to improve the mood of the patients in a loud noise so thatthewholeareacouldhearthemusic played. The active activities in zone 1 are the physiotherapy sessions and group activities such as aerobics. These factors contribute to the high level of noise especially during peak hour. At zone 2, is where thegymequipmentislocated.Thehighestnoiselevelrecordedat a level of 64db. The main sources that contributetothenoisesarethenoisecomingfromthe main speakers and the ceiling speakers. Even though the main speaker is located quite far from zone 2, the noise could be heard sincethelayoutisanopenspace.Thesecondarynoise that contributes is coming from the gym equipment, human body movements and conversationsbetweenusers.
Figure4.7.1comparisonof acousticlevelbetweenzone1&zone2
4.8.Acousticfixturesandspecification
Therearemanyotherthingsthatcouldinfluencethenoiselevelinaspace.Whether theobjectisbigorsmall,softorhardandmanyothercharacteristics,theymustbeincluded asthingsthataffecttheacousticinthespace.
4.9.Calculation Figure 4.9.1 shows the floor plan of the Gymnasium. TheareaoftheGymnasiumitselfis32.8mx21.2mwith3.5minheight.Thegymnasiumarea isdividedafterwardsintoequalgridsasshownbelowinordertotaketheproper measurementsallaccordingtotheSoundTransmissionClass(STC). Figure 4.9.1 HighestValue:69dB LowestValue:53dB
Pre-Adjustment: SRI: Sound Reduction Index T: Sound Transmission Coefficient Item Material Area Door Steel (1.5mx2m)4=12m² Window Glass (1.5mx1.2m)4=7.2m² Floor Ceiling& Concrete 32.8mx21.2m=695.4m² Wall BrickWall 2(32.8mx4)+2(21.2mx4)-(7.5m²+3m²)=421.5m² SRIDoor=35dB SRIWindow= 20dB SRIFloor= 45dB SRIWall=48 dB Ceiling=54dB 35=10log(1/ AntilogT1)3.5= T1(1/T1)=10^-3.5 T1=3.16x10^-4 20=10log(1/ AntilogT2)2 =(1 / T2T2)=10^-2 T2=0.01 45=10log(1 / antilogT3)4.5= (1/T3) T4=10^-45 T4=3.16x 10^-5 48=10log(1/ AntilogT4)4.8= T4(T4)=10^-4.8 T3=1.58x 10^-5 54=10log(1/ anti-logT5)5.4=(1 / T5T5)=10^-5.4 T5=3.98x 10^-6 Item Area Absorption Result(A) Door 12 0.22 2.64 Window 7.2 0.35 2.52 Floor 695.4 0.50 34.77 Wall 421.5 0.20 84.3 Ceiling 695.4 0.25 125.1 People 250 0.4 100 Total 349.33
Toverall=(T1+T2+T3+T4+T5)/(Area) =(1x10^-2x7.5)+(3.16x10^-4x3)+(1.6x10^-5x421.5)+(3.2x10^-5x695.4)+(2.5 x10^-5x695.4)/(7.5+3+421.5+695.4+695.4) =2.5x10^-2dB RequiredSRIforspace=10log(1/Toverall) =10log(1/2.5x10^-2) =16dB VolumeoftheArea=32.8x21.2x3.5=2433.76 A=183.49 RT=0.16x2433.76/183.49 RT=2.12seconds Post-Adjustment: Item Material Area Door Timber (1.5mx2m)4=12m² Window Glass (1.5mx1.2m)4=7.2m² Floor&Ceiling Plasterboard 32.8mx21.2m=695.4m² Wall BrickWall&plaster board 2(32.8mx4)+2(21.2mx4)-(7.5m²+3m²)= 421.5m² SRIWindow= 30 SRIDoor=18 SRIWall=40 SRIFloor=25 SRICeiling= 30 30=10log(1/ antilogT1)3.0=(1/ T1T1)=10^-3 18 =10log(1/ AntilogT2)1.8=(1/ T2T2)=10^-1.8 T2=0.016 40=10log(1/ antilogT3)4=(1/ T4T3)=10^-45 T4=10^-4 25=10log(1/ logT4)(1/T4)=2.5 T4=10^-2.5 T3=3.16x 10^-3 3=10log(1/ AntilogT1)3 = T1T1(1/T5)=10^-3=10^-3
Item Area Absorption Result(A) Door 12 0.31 3.72 Window 7.2 0.37 2.66 Floor 695.4 0.08 55.63 Wall 421.5 0.30 126.45 Ceiling 695.4 0.18 125.2 People 250 0.4 100 Total 412 T0=(T1+T2+T3+T4)/(Area) T0=(10^-3x12)+(0.016x7.2)+(10^-4x695.4)+((3.16^-3)x421.5)+(10^-3x695.4) =0.7+0.072+0.012+0.07+1.33+0.7/695.4 T0=4.04x10^-3d SRI=10log(1/T0) SRI=10log(1/4.04x10^-3) SRI=10log6.494 SRI=39dB VolumeoftheArea=32.8x21.2x4.2=2921 A=183.49 RT=0.16V/A 0.16(2921)/412 RT= Sound1.13secondsReduction=(SRI/H)x100% SoundReduction=39/69x100% SoundReduction=56.9% ArecommendedRTforthecentreisfrom0.1to0.8second
Thereverberationofthegymisdefinitelyhigherthanthestandard,andthisisduetothe designoftheinteriordoesnotactuallyemphasizeontheacousticenhancementbesidesthe flooringwhichhasthinrubberonthesolidfloor.However,thereverberationtimeofzone1is abitshorterthanzone2becausetherearequitealotofsoftelements,likeyogamatsand fitnessgymballs.Thereverberationtimeisnotreallysatisfyingforagymasnoiseiscreated withinthezonesalthoughitisnotreallysensible,butinalongperiodwithinthespacea personcouldfeeluncomfortable.
Additionally,despitethefactthatthereisaparceldividerbetweenzone1andzone2,the sounddecreasefileofthesegmentdoesn'tactuallymirrorthesoundforcelevelandsound transmissionbetweenthetwozonesonthegroundsthatthesegmentdividerdoesn'tactually encaseandisolatethetwozonesasthereholespriorandthenafterwardthedivider.The transmissionofsoundisinfluencedbytheopenideaarrangingofthereccenterasthesound isnormallydiffusedinthemeetingroom.Exactlythesamethinghappenedtotheparcel betweenzone1andzone3,zone1andzone4,zone2andzone5wherethesegmentdivider containsandnumberofwindowsandanentryway Aportionofthewindowsarefrequently keptopenedandthereisaholeleftbytherobotizedglassentryways,permittingsoundto diffusebetweenzones,inthiswaythetransmissionsoundisinfluenced.
5.Conclusion
It can be summarized that the acoustic performances in the gym are not satisfying based on the calculation even during peak or non peak hours. The noise was generated from the activities and the equipment; several features of the design in the gym can be developed in order to improve the acoustic qualityofthegymnasium.Thewalldecorationandthefinishes of thewallandthefloor,theamountofsoftelementswithhigherabsorptioncanbeinstalled. As for the ceiling, baffles are one of the effective and cheap measures to actually assist in reducing reflective or reverberating noise, reducing airborne sound. Other than that acoustic banner which is an effective sound absorber could be placed flush totheroofdecktoreduce the sound intensity levels. Installation of the materials could help in reducing the reverberation time to the optimum level while sound intensity levels are reduced to create a more peaceful surrounding, communication and speech efficiency and quality sound system forthegymnasium.Figurebelow shows main material selection for main features of the gymnasium interior .Thefirst materialisthesoundproofcommercialdoor,insidethegymconsistaround 4 main doors that allows the user to enter the gymnasium from two different direction, basically it's a Timber Double doors (1500mmX2100mm) with Professional 70 m thick Soundproof door consist thermal expansion smokeproof airtight strip including a corner sound insulation tape.the door got automatic soundproof latch with Ultra-thin sound insulation doorsill. The commercial door Absorption point is 0.31. With all these qualities, the door gives a lot of benefittoimprovetheacousticqualityofthegymnasium,forexample the door is able to prevent the unwanted noise pollution that needs to be avoided in an exercise session. The door is also able to make your private communication limited to the right place. A soundproof door allows easier regulation of the temperature. The insulation propertiesofasoundproofdoormeansthatairwon’tleakinorout.
6.Recommendation
Figure6.1.Soundproofcommercialdoors Next is the rubber cork tile, as a suggestion to replace the wooden finishes on some part of the gymnasium. The tile is 5mm acoustic ceramic rubber cork to 6kg SBR sheet with the sizing of 1000mmX1200mm, Sound absorption 0.50 and Airborne sound insulation 62db. impact sound reduction 51d and is enough for covered area 114m2. The benefit of usingthe tile is that the cork flooring comes in a variety of standard forms like floor tiles and planks. Not only that it is also easy to maintain and Cork floor coverings are naturally resistant to mildew. Cork is a great flooring material because it is comfortable to walk on it andcanbe sustainablyharvestedtimeandtime
Figureagain.6.2.Rubbercorktile
Figure6.3.Soundstopplasterboardpanel
The last material is a soundstop plasterboard panel. It is a recycled eco friendly polyester fubar, the size of the panel is 600mmX1200mm with a Sound absorption 0.15 the panel consist of Airborne sound insulation 38db and also an impact sound reduction 35db. The panel is abletocoveranareaof114m.LikeothermaterialsthepanelPlasterboardgotalotof benefit as well. The panel has also been known to be the most versatile materialbecauseof its flexibility and its plasticity Other than that the Plasterboard is easy to be shaped or moulded to any design. Installing are lightweight and safer to handleduetoitthepanelboardabletoreducetherisksofinjury
7.References a. nd,ofce/27790856.wf#:~:text=Acoustic%20panels%20absorb%20unwanted%20souhttps://www.ajproducts.co.uk/blog/the-importance-of-acoustics-in-the-workplafice%2C%20classroom%20or%20lecture%20hall. b Z.Maekawa,&P.Lord.(1994).EnvironmentalandArchitecturalAcoustics. London:E&FNSpon. c Salvan,G.S.(1999).ArchitecturalUtilities3.QuezonCity:JMCPress. d SoundIsAPressureWave.(2015).RetrievedfromThePhysicsClassroom: e. Whttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-1/Sound-is-a-Pressureave f. PhysicsCommunicationUsingWaves.(2014).RetrievedfromBBC: g http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/physics/telecommunications/communi h. cation_using_waves/revision/5/ i M.B.(2010).AcousticsandArchitecturalDesign.Taylor&Francise-Library: NewYork j. L.M.(2014).ArchitecturalAcoustics.USA:ElsevierInc. k Brooks,C.N.(2003).ArchitecturalAcoustics.US:McFarlandCompany, Inc.AbsorptionCoefficientChart-SoundproofYourHome.(n.d.).Retrieved May31,2016, http://soundproofyourhome.com/absorption-coeffromficient-chart/ l Schiller,M (1992) Simplifieddesignofbuildinglighting NewYork:Wiley Cavanaugh,W (2010) Architecturalacoustics:Principlesandpractice(2nded) m Hoboken,NJ:JohnWiley&Sons Szokolay,S,&Brisbin,C (2004) Introduction toarchitecturalscience:Thebasisofsustainabledesign Amsterdam:Elsevier, ArchitecturalPress. n https://physicsworldcom/a/acoustics in architecture/ o. https://www.britannica.com/science/architectural acoustics p https://wwwdesigningbuildingscouk/wiki/Building acoustics q. https://www.rockfon.co.uk/about us/news/2020/ architectural acoustics/