FARAH KASSIM
2021
ACADEMIC & PROFESSIONAL
ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO
03
Postgraduate
01
25
04
Kristang UNESCO Cultural Center
Postgraduate
Brickfields Community Library
02
The Connection Point
Beyond The Curtains
01 Undergraduate
Undergraduate
37
45
Professional
07
55
61
Euro-Farm Glam House
06
Kaijoo Boutique Hotel
SEB Childcare Center
05 Freelance
Professional
65
01
Beyond The Curtains LONDON’S SEX MARKET // Invisibilized Bodies
2020/ MArchD Thesis Project Architectural Design DS3 | The Merchant & The Market Oxford Brookes University Mentors: Maria Alexandrescu Charlotte Grace
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The project addresses the disadvantages of the UK’s legal prostitution laws against sex workers and aims to empower them. It confronts definitions of legality within the market with a uniquely layered social housing block, communal facilities and a refuge centre for sex workers within the heart of London’s busiest shopping district. As the sex worker’s domesticity is unveiled, the stigmatized curtain that forcibly conceals them is diminished. The sex worker is the human embodiment of capitalism. Where bodies, particularly female, cater to a market of fetishized human desires. London’s sex market played a significant part in the economy of the city throughout centuries, bringing in roughly £9 million annually and being the only commercial industry operating succesfully during two world wars. Now legalised in the United Kingdom, the sex market is nevertheless intrinsically attached to negative connotations. Today’s legalisation laws discriminates against and alienates sex workers despite recognizing the profession, forcing them to further isolate and conceal themselves in order to avoid arrest. Left unsupported and vulnerable, the sex worker is often left with no choice but to agree to being exploited in exchange for premises, clients and protection from the law. As such, the concealment of the sex market deprives the sex worker of her rights, such as safety, social presence and independence.
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king’s cross
edgeware
paddington
SOHO sheperd’s market hyde park
chelsea cloisters
MAPPING// The movement network of sex workers in the Central London area reveal the elements that are weaponised against them. With reputation being the main currency in this industry, worker density and points of contact noted on the map determine Soho to be the epicentre of sex work activity. Despite its dwindling status as London’s official red light district, Soho is an area with high levels of engagement which places it as an important contact point within the sex industry. Thus, Soho is chosen as the site of intervention.
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“Soliciting sex is illegal as per UK law, thus sex workers represent their forbidden sight with red curtains in the windows of their walk up flats.”
diagram 1: solitary space - walk up flat (LEGAL)
“It is not illegal to sell sex at a brothel provided the sex worker is not involved in management or control of the brothel. A house
occupied by one woman and used by her alone for prostitution, is not a brothel”
Gorman v Standen,Palace Clarke v Standen (1964) 48 Cr App R 30.
However, where rooms or flats in one building are let separately to different individuals offering sexual services, it may be treated as a brothel only if the individuals are effectively working together.
diagram 2: shared space - brothel (ILLEGAL)
Cps.gov.uk. 2019. Prostitution And Exploitation Of Prostitution | The Crown Prosecution Service. [online] Available at: <https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/ prostitution-and-exploitation-prostitution
diagram 3: exploitative space - brothel (ILLEGAL)
LEGALITY OF THE SEX MARKET// The diagrams demonstrate spatial definitions of legality within the sex industry of UK. The sex worker profession is classified as a legal profession in the United Kingdom. However, the legalization only extends to solitary sex work within a single premise occupied by a solitary worker. This renders brothels completely illegal despite there being safety in numbers. Combined with the illegality of soliciting sex itself where they are not allowed to show themselves, the current legal system effectively isolates sex workers and leaves them exposed to violence. As a result, sex workers and the sex industry itself conceal themselves to avoid criminalisation. FKARCH | 04
Micro Site Plan
SITE// Context The project begins in Soho, which has retained its high legal visibility as the official Red Light District of central London despite many illegal businesses catering to sex market consumers operating off the site’s legitimacy in place. The site consists of two 18th century heritage residential shoplots within one block in the heart of Soho, it houses various eateries and bars, an adult shop and a massage parlour. A busy weekend market operates on the paved pedestrian street on one side of the block. The micro site plan shows the chosen site in red while the 1:500 site plan shows the intervention in place, slotted within the existing block, mimicking the urban fabric around it. It also reveals neighbouring premises related to sex work, inclusive of registered prostitution premises, adult shops, massage parlours, illegal brothels, and bars and clubs.
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SITE PLAN - 1:500
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SITE STUDIES// Elements and Materiality The structures within the site consist of a mix of 18th century heritage buildings and newer reproduction styles. The study shows that Soho consists of a patchwork of varying styles and spatial heights that appear almost stepped in terms of structural levels. A level of commonality in most of the facade elements as well as materiality and heights is also discovered. Fenestration studies is conducted as windows are the main communicative element for sex workers.
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Existing Building Levels on Chosen Site
Right Elevation and Section of Block
Front Elevation and Section of Block
Left Elevation and Section of Block
Rear Elevation and Section of Block
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DESIGN CONCEPT// Worker Flats WORK + DOMESTICITY A sex worker’s home is also her business premise. And so with a focus on domesticity, key aspects of work and domestic spaces for a sex worker are identified to produce a structural component for a sex worker’s flat that caters for both uses. The flats’ design separates both domestic and business spaces(in this case, the bedroom) through the use of mezzanine levels. This creates an enhanced separation of both home and business spaces, and client and worker circulation while also maintaining a direct connectivity to other worker flats.
DESIGN STRATEGY Through a tessellation of this split structural component, then employing a composition which both stacks and overlaps the components, both vertical and horizontal linkage and designated separate access routes and points for client and worker is achieved. The resulting voids cooperate with level changes to protect client confidentiality but still provides a degree of transparency to the street that aims to deter violent behaviour and contributes to worker safety. The play of levels and voids also further emphasize the figurative separation of the units to avoid being classified as an illegal brothel.
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Typical Worker Flat
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DESIGN// Floorplans
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6 7
1 8
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3 4 7
1
2 6 5
8 8
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
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1. Multipurpose Dining Hall 2. Cooking Workshop
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3. Kitchen
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4. Storage 5. Meeting Room 6. Administration Office
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7. Dance Studio 8. Multi-use Classroom Workshops 9. Sexual Health Clinic Counselling Room 10. Rest/Waiting Area 11. Mini Pantry 12. Worker Flat Lift Lobby 13. Client Access Lift Lobby
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1. Soho Museum of Prostitution 2. Museum Cafe 3. Museum Bar 4. 24h Convenience Store 5. Sex Worker Refuge Center Entrance 6. Reception Counter 7. Security Control Office 8. Worker Flat Entrance Lobby 9. Sexual Health Clinic 10. Client Lobby to Worker Flats 11. Museum Souvenir Shop
The project slots itself into the existing blocks, maintaining heritage protected buildings and upcycling the parts that are not, while being careful to respect the original structure and design. The building’s programmes are divided primarily between sex worker residential units, a prostitution museum and a women’s refuge center that contains various support facilities for women involved in sex work. On the ground floor, temporal specific programmes are carefully placed surrounding the sexwork entry points to instil enduring passive surveillance for safety. Clients access sex worker premises through a private street awash with symbolic red lighting, and tucked away from the eyes of the public streets. Meanwhile, the prostitution museum establishes and celebrates the visibility of the sex worker as a member of society. FKARCH | 12
SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1. Private Rooftop Communal Deck 2. Laundry Room 3. Gym 4. Recreation Lounge 5. Computer Room 6. Refuge Center Counselling Room
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2 3
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THIRD FLOOR PLAN 1. Isolation Room 2. Multifaith Prayer Room 3. Dormitory Pantry 4. Dormitory
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1 2
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DESIGN// Sectional Perspective
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The Sex Worker in her Unit
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Domesticity of the Sex Worker
Pleasure Business
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Safe Space - Sex Workers
DE
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s’ Shared Communal Corridor
ESIGN// Left Elevation + Facade
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Private Rooftop Courtyard - Domesticity
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CONCLUSION//
The intervention takes place within an existing block in Soho’s heaviest footfall area, in which certain newer parts of the block were replaced with a new structure. Taking care to respect the heritage of the locality, the facade design incorporates aspects that continue the existing language. The design however, takes on the challenge of disrupting the current discriminative perception of the sex industry and its laws. It does this by utilizing voids within the horizontal and vertical expressions of the facade to subtly shift the image of the sex worker and confront discrimination by revealing him/her living an ordinary domestic life alongside his/her’s profession. While the architecture places control of the intimate nature of this profession, solely with the sex worker. The stacked, spatial tessellation of the flat units also allows the building to comply to legalities related to the sexwork profession. While the courtyard typology of the inner volume provides a protected communal space connected to refuge, learning and utilitarian spaces. In conclusion, the connectivity and disconnectivity of the building’s spaces are embedded with a celebration of the sex worker’s individual and communal rights. Here, the heavy curtains are lifted and the sex worker is empowered.
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02
THE CONNECTION POINT
2019/ MArchD Academic Project
The project focuses on developing a masterplan for three blocks within Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. Brickfields known as ”Little India” is a brownfield site, with existing multiracial communities, cultures and urban and social issues exacerbated by rapid development. Brickfields houses multiple transportation hubs, including KL Sentral station - Kuala Lumpur’s main transportation hub and two other monorail stations. Heavily used by commuters across the Malaysian peninsular, Brickfields’ interior however is largely neglected. The district behaves much like a satellite town nestled within newer developments, with low-quality environments for its residents, giving rise to social issues.
Urban Design Specialization | Masterplanning Oxford Brookes University Mentors: Jon Cooper Regina Lim
PEOPLE-CENTRIC MASTERPLAN// Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur
The vision: “To deliver a safe and inclusive environment that serves as the connecting point to progressive opportunities in Brickfields.” The Connection Point is a masterplan proposal for Brickfields, an excellently connected district whose existing residents are steadily pushed out by larger and increasingly exclusive developments. Taking into account the district’s cultural prominence and strategic location within the city, a scheme delivering connectivity across infrastructural and cultural spheres is proposed.
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SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS - Direct access to green + blue network - Good connectivity to public transport network - directly connected to Kuala Lumpur Central Station within 500m - Close to main pedestrian network - Located close to residential + main commercial + city centre
WEAKNESSES - Poor visibility and connectivity to nodes and cores - Overhead train tracks run through site - Station blocks access to river from open space
OPPORTUNITIES - Direct access to green + blue network - Transit hub located within site -Main 24hr commercial activity connected to site - Established pedestrian network already circulates near site
THREATS - Lack of protection from hot climate may discourage walkability - Safety is an issue due to site being adjacent to main roads.
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MIX
MONORAIL TRACK
COVERED PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY TO KL SENTRAL
COMMERCIAL
ARCADE
PLAZA
EXISTING MONORAIL STATION
PROMENADE WATERFRONT
XED USE
PROPOSED MASTERPLAN FKARCH | 28
DESIGN ACTIONS
PLOT CONNECTIVITY
EXISTING TRANSPORT LINE EXISTING COMMUTER PATH PROPOSED COVERED COMMUTER PATH
Following the overhead monorail tracks and placing a covered pedestrian walkway underneath for daily commuters switching lines at KL Sentral. This creates a direct connection to the site, activating the previously inaccessible site and increasing footfall along the path.
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LAND USE
Proposed blocks responds to land uses of adjacent blocks to ensure continuity and integration of activities.
BUILDING HEIGH
Staggered heights from edges t center of site respond to densi environmental comfort, to penetration of light and wind.
Commercial block next to station l to reduce unpleasant engageme overhead monorail tracks and to to local culltural retail experience o shophouse typology.
HTS
BLOCK CONNECTIVITY
EDGE CONTINUITY
towards ity and allow
lowered ent with o relate of lower
Block permeability responds to nodes and activity cores of Brickfields, with open space and transit hub as the connecting point of all routes. Block design integrates deflection to create interest, and enclosure for safety. Monorail station redesigned for better permeability. Vertical connection between the two blocks provide a continuation of vertical open space. This allows the two fragmented blocks to behave as one while allowing facade to breathe.
ACTIVE FRONTAGE ACTIVE EDGES INACTIVE/PRIVATE ACCESS EDGES
Mixed-use blocks designed as residential towers on commercial podiums to provide active edges. Block design tucks inactive back edges between active fronts to reduce inactivity and continue vitality of the space it fronts.
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DESIGN ACTIONS SAFETY
ENVIRONMENTAL COMFORT
The plaza is pedestrian access only and public space is enclosed within active edges. This creates distance from vehicular activity and increases safety.
In addition to sheltered linkways and collonnaded walkways of buildings, multiple trees and green fields are planted strategically to reduce heat gain and penetration.
Assigning ground and first floors as retail in combination with the residential floors above provides a sense of passive surveillance over the public plaza.
Facades are treated with sun shading strategies such as vertical louvres and generous overhangs to reduce heat gain. Vegetation is added between louvres to further increase cooling.
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SOCIAL COHESION
- Linking both residential tower/block’s vertical green space extends the amount of green/open space and creates a shared public space that encourages interaction and social behaviour. - Lower podium floors contain businesses that support residential and office spaces with public space fronting the building makes the development self sustaining and interactive. - The dynamic building form will invite interest for discourse to occur, increasing staying activity and vitality within the site’s activities. - The climate responsive public space is programmed to host and invite community activities and encourage interaction and engagement.
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SHELTERED LINKWAY TO KL SENTRAL
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PLACE IDENTITY
Emphasizing the verticality of the sunshading louvres to create a relationship with local building typology of Brickfields. Collonnaded walkways on ground floor are maintained through all blocks to further integrate local environmentally responsive design of Malaysia. Native traditional shophouse typology maintained, and also integrates native materials into modern facade treatments such as vent block screens. Familiar but progressive design will allow ease of establishing the building as a landmark in the local community as it creates a sense of rootedness.
THE PLAZA AND ARCADE FKARCH | 34
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
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THE WATERFRONT PROMENADE
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03 2015/ Academic Project Architectural Design Studio 5 | Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur Taylor’s University Mentors: Ar. Hanani Zain
Brickfields Community Library // Community Voids Re-Interpreted
The multi-cultural city of Kuala Lumpur is a patchwork of grids dividing both solid blocks and voids, containing little pockets of cultural activity within them. In Kuala Lumpur’s residential Brickfields district, these dense and closed-off concrete grids contribute to unhealthy and dangerous social activity. This is further intensified by encroaching development, threatening the existing communal spaces and creating voids within its social fabric instead. Considering the large volume of families with children of schooling age present in Brickfields, a community library is proposed to increase safety and provide a safe and well-connected community space. The Brickfields Community Library addresses the voids within both the city and community of Brickfields, translating the gaps vertically to punctuate the dense urban fabric and adapting them as connectivity instead. Taking advantage of the alternating logic between solid and void, the library re-routes the community network, providing a connective hub that absorbs community negativity as they experience the library on their daily commute.
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LOCATION PLAN
CITY GRIDS
TRANSPORT HUBS
BACKALLEY MARKET
URBAN INFILL
SITE PLAN
The site is an existing shoplot located off a junction on Brickfields’ main street that connects two major transportation hubs; KL Sentral and the Tun Sambanthan monorail station. There is a small but thriving community of locals living within the dense concrete grids of Brickfields which are punctuated by the educational district comprising of four schools, two universities and the YMCA center. Community activity is hindered by the steadily declining number of communal space and facilities, hence small pockets of community activity materialize within the small spaces of Brickfields such as the fresh produce market located in the narrow double-backed alley behind the site.
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Design Elements
CITY GRIDS Exploring the city gridwork uncovers activity filled voids within the grids.
VOIDS Alternating logic between solid and voids create connectivity.
AXIAL
CIRCULATION
Axis between site and nodal points form focal point and circulation.
Voids shape interior circulation.
CONNECTION Frontage responds to focal and nodal points to generate interest and maximize engagement.
TRANSLATION Vertical translation strategy applied to rear to overcome blockage by existing shoplots.
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1. LIBRARY 2. KIDS CORNER 3. OFFICE 4. FEMALE TOILET 5. OKU TOILET 6. MALE TOILET
7. CAFE 8. EXHIBITION LOUNGE 9. PRINT & COPY STALL 10. MAGAZINE STAND/ CONVENIENCE STORE 11. COFFEE & JUICE BAR
The ground floor acts as an informal extension to the pedestrian network of Brickfields. The library’s public plaza courtyard acts as a connective community hub that integrates the heavily pedestrian route in front, and the adjacent wet market in the alley behind the site. The plaza is programmed to seamlessly engage with the community’s specific needs as well as extending the library’s informal space. A sunken children’s corner tucked into a safe corner facing the library facade further highlights activity variety to passersby.
1. INTEGRATED READING AREA 2. PRINTING CORNER 3. DISCUSSION ROOM 1 4. DISCUSSION ROOM 2 5. DISCUSSION ROOM 3
The first floor is the main floor of the library, with various levels of privacy afforded with its seating type and also three private discussion rooms isolated from the main body of the building. The facade is angled towards the main road to try and engage the bulk of the main pedestrian traffic.
1. ARCHIVE ROOM 2. OUTDOOR READING AREA 3. SILENT STUDY AREA 4. PRINTING CORNER 5. COMPUTER CORNER
The second floor affords higher privacy levels. An outdoor deck allows for more exclusive informal library activities. Brickfields is a mainly non-landed residential area which suffers from lack of green spaces, the community library and its outdoor spaces serves as an educational extension of the locals’ backyard.
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S E C T I O N
S E C T I O N
A - A
B - B
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L
M
I
B
A
R
I
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N
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R
S
T
Y
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W
E
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O U T D O O R
D
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C O U R T Y A R D
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04 2016/ Academic Project Architectural Design Studio 6 | Kampung Portugis, Malacca Taylor’s University Mentors: Ar. Caleb Chow
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Kristang UNESCO Cultural Center // The Cultural Podium
The Kristang people of the Portuguese Settlement in Ujong Pasir, Malacca possess a unique culture due to their multicultural history and roots. However as a result of being the descendants of Portuguese settlers that once colonized Malacca, they have suffered discrimination and estrangement from other communities, be it Malaysian or Portuguese, who would not claim them in the past. Over time, this treatment has caused the Kristang community to suffer a decline in their cultural values, threatening even their language. The Kristang people have gradually assimilated with other native communities and identities as a result of the isolation they experience as a community. Although certain aspects of their culture still prevail, such as religious festivities, unique Kristang cuisine and a strong cultural connection to the ocean which serves as the settlement’s main source of income through generations. The cultural trauma experienced by the Kristang run so deep that it has instilled a rooted fear of being deemed irrelevant as a community, this consequently rises to the surface as social issues and severe cultural decline. The Kristang UNESCO cultural center aims to address these issues and protect this unique heritage that has been molded and shaped by the land and oceans of Malacca.
SITEPLAN
By using the site to connect the two defining elements; religion and the ocean, the idea of a Cultural Center with the concept of a layered cultural podium is derived. The courtyard will act as an intermediary space between both elements where opportunities to resume their cultural activities outside the boundaries of institutions are provided. By materializing such a space, the Kristang will have the opportunity to practice their culture thus raising awareness of it and giving a sense of validity and encourage preservation. Programmes encouraging a sense of responsibility towards the preservation of their own culture will be incorporated, such as a youth center for the youths to engage with real world responsibilities including the running of the center as part of the programme. Workshops and studios to cater to every cultural activity currently being practiced are also designed to engage with the locals and showcase to society. FKARCH | 46
E N T R A N C E
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D R O P O F F
FACADE ORIENTATION
AXIAL
Building is oriented west to east to minimize sun exposure and reduce heat gain.
Maintaining the sea as the main focal point, axial points of engagement centers are incorporated to maximize cultural connections on site.
MASSING RESPONSE
Semi massing was developed to respond to the engagement level desired and also the existing site conditions.
INTEGRATION
Layering of voids and volumes allowed for sheltered open spaces for public circulation, creating integrated levels of public and private spaces.
VOIDS AND TRANSPARENCY
Levels utilized to create connectivity to site engagement points. Subtracting parts from massing and then overlapping transparent volumes to maintain openness, maximize connectivity and control views.
CONNECTION
Green spaces incorporated within the building to reduce the building footprint and bring the outdoors within the interior.
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5
1. MULTIPURPOSE HALL 2. LOBBY 3. MEETING ROOM 4. OFFICE 5. OPEN WORKSHOP AREA 6. OPEN BAR CAFE 7. PLAZA 8. OCEAN AMPHITHEATRE
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GROUND F LO O R P L A N
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A - A
8. DANCE STUDIO 9. MUSIC STUDIO 10. EXHIBITION GALLERY 11. YOUTH CENTER 12. COUNSELING ROOM 13. OBSERVATION DECK
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F I R S T F LO O R P L A N
S E C T I O N
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14. ACCOMMODATIONS
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S E C O N D F LO O R P L A N
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E L E V A T I O N
E X P LO D E D
A X O N O M E T R I C
S O U T H W E S T
E L E V A T I O N FKARCH | 52
O C E A N
A M P H I T H E AT R E
F I R S T F L O O R
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D E C K
C H U R C H
L I N K W A Y
F I R S T F L O O R
D E C K
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SEB Childcare Center INTERIOR DESIGN PROPOSAL // Sarawak Energy Berhad, Kuching
2018/ Professional Project Arkitek KDI | Sarawak Energy Berhad HQ, Kuching Supervisor: Sharon Hardin
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A proposal with Arkitek KDI for the interior design concept of Sarawak Energy Berhad headquarters’ Childcare Center in Kuching, Sarawak. The center is located within the headquarters building itself and catered to pre-school aged children of SEB staff. Taking cue from the Scandinavian “Hygge” concept, a pallette of soft, muted but fun colours and materials was utilized in the proposal to offer a calming and safe environment for young children and infants. Appropriate facilities and amenities are designed to offer mothers quick access to their young ones without disrupting office productivity.
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06 2018/ Professional Project Arkitek KDI | Kaijoo Lane, Kuching, Sarawak Supervisor: Ar. Sam Lau
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Kaijoo Boutique Hotel DESIGN PROPOSAL // Kaijoo Lane, Kuching
A quick design proposal with Arkitek KDI for a 4 storey boutique hotel in Kuching, Sarawak. The site is located on Kaijoo Lane, a heritage lane in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Client requested for visual continuity in lobby area with vegetation. A courtyard with skylight and a mixed usage of ventilation blocks and louvres was implemented to facilitate this. Local materials and design elements used for the facade to integrate with the heritage value of the site. While a stop and go food bar, which also serves a cafe rests under an overhang on the ground floor entrance. This concept invites patrons and passersby to contribute in creating active frontage for the hotel’s lobby area, encouraging the organic creation of a natural and interesting environment.
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07 2020/ Professional Project Freelance Interior Design | Private Residence, Kuching, Sarawak
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Euro-farm Glam Home INTERIOR DESIGN // Private Residence, Kuching The design employs a mixed european and tropical concept for this private residence in Kuching. The client wanted a luxe, modern English farmhouse concept. Thus strategic lighting with dark accent pieces and elements on a muted but textured base colour pallette was combined to achieve an elegantly rustic yet clean, modern design.
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