Remembering the sixties by Kate Noet

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Wednesday, June 28, 2017

April 26,26, 2017 ?4 Wednesday, April 2017| | ?4 Wednesday,

THE THE

REVOLUTION was was televised televised

Today’s Today’spolarization polarization nothing nothinglike likethe theshocking shocking events eventsofofthe the’60s ’60s ByBy Brian Rosenwald, Ph.D. Brian Rosenwald, Ph.D. Resident senior fellow, Robert A.A. Resident senior fellow, Robert Fox Leadership Program, University Fox Leadership Program, University ofof Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Special toto More Content Now Special More Content Now

t’s t’seasy easytotolament lamentthe thecurrent current state stateofofAmerican Americansociety. society. The Thepublic publicremains remainsbitterly bitterly divided, divided,our ourpolitical politicalsystem system isisdysfunctional, dysfunctional,we wejust justsurvived survived a apresidential presidentialcampaign campaignthat that innovated innovatedevery everytime timeititappeared appeared totoreach reachrock-bottom, rock-bottom,and andthe the new newpresident presidenthas hasrecord-low record-low approval approvalratings ratingsfor forthis thisearly earlyinin a aterm. The opioid epidemic term. The opioid epidemicisis destroying destroyingcommunities, communities,the theecoeconomic nomicrecovery recoverymissed missedmillions, millions, terrorism terrorismremains remainsa athreat, threat,and and many manyAmericans Americansfind findtheir theirvalues values under undersiege. siege. Yet, Yet,asasbad badasasthat thatsounds, sounds,the the 2010s 2010shave havenothing nothingononthe themost most tumultuous tumultuousand andtraumatic traumatic decade decadeininrecent recentAmerican American history history——the the1960s. 1960s.The The ’60s ’60sfeatured featuredsome someofofthe the same samefractures, fractures,cultural cultural upheaval upheavaland andvenues venuesofof conflict that we conflict that wesee seetoday. today. But the sheer magnitude But the sheer magnitude ofofthe thedecade’s decade’stragedies, tragedies, conflicts conflictsand andchallenges challengestoto longstanding longstandingcultural culturalnorms norms dwarfed dwarfedwhat whatwe’ve we’veexperiexperienced encedininrecent recentyears. years. The The’60s ’60swere werelike likegoing going1212 rounds roundswith withthe thedecade’s decade’smost most prominent prominentathletic athletictitan, titan,world world champion championMuhammed MuhammedAli Ali—— who, fittingly for the 1960s, who, fittingly for the 1960s, was wasalso alsodeeply deeplypolarizing. polarizing.AsAs soon as Americans soon as Americansabsorbed absorbedand and

The The’60s ’60swere werelike like going 12 rounds going 12 rounds with withthe thedecade’s decade’s most mostprominent prominent athletic athletictitan, titan,world world boxing champion boxing champion Muhammed MuhammedAli Ali—— who, who,fittingly fittinglyfor for the the1960s, 1960s,was wasalso also deeply polarizing. deeply polarizing.

President John F. F. Kennedy lies in in repose in in the White House East Room. President John Kennedy lies repose the White House East Room.

recovered recoveredfrom fromthe thelatest latestblow, blow,another anotherone one rained raineddown. down.Looming Loomingover overititallallwas wasa aCold Cold War Warthat thatthreatened threatenednuclear nuclearannihilation. annihilation.

Muhammad AliAli (born Cassius Muhammad (born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.) was anan Marcellus Clay Jr.) was American professional boxer American professional boxer and activist. and activist. PHOTOS: WIKIPEDIA PHOTOS: WIKIPEDIA

*** *** InInOctober 1962, 13 October 1962, 13ofofthe themost mosttense tensedays days ininpost-Civil post-CivilWar WarAmerican Americanhistory historyhighhighlighted lightedthe theprecarious precariousstate stateofofthe theworld. world. Americans Americansfeared fearedthat thatthe theCuban CubanMissile Missile Crisis Crisismight mightend endininnuclear nuclearholocaust. holocaust.Only Only the thecautious, cautious,measured measuredaction actionofofPresident President John JohnF.F.Kennedy Kennedyprevented preventedcatastrophe. catastrophe. Kennedy Kennedyresisted resistedmore morebellicose bellicosecourses coursesofof action, action,and andinstead insteadsuccessfully successfullydefused defusedthe the situation. situation. Alas, Alas,1313months monthslater, later,he’d he’dbebedead, dead,struck struck down by Lee Harvey Oswald and a down by Lee Harvey Oswald and a$12.78 $12.78 rifle. rifle.The Thegutted guttednation nationground groundtotoa ahalt haltfor for four days of mourning. Banding together four days of mourning. Banding together ininsorrow, sorrow,a amillion millionAmericans Americansfrom fromevery every demographic demographicgroup group

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Poster for “Judgment at Nuremberg.”

Adlai Stevenson shows aerial photos of Cuban missiles to the United Nations on Oct. 25, 1962.

flocked to Washington to witness the fallen president’s final journey to Arlington National Cemetery. Virtually every American mourned “together,” thanks to unprecedented continuous commercialfree television coverage. NBC broadcast 71 hours of programming, CBS 69 hours and ABC 60. More than 90 percent of American households watched coverage, and, on average, they tuned in for more than 31.6 hours. Those Americans glued to NBC saw Jack Ruby gun down Oswald live. Kennedy’s somber funeral proceedings, which concluded the four-day period, drew viewers in 81 percent of households. The most memorable images from these tragic days remain permanently etched in the national consciousness — among them, CBS newsman Walter Cronkite fighting his emotions as he removed his spectacles and notified the nation of Kennedy’s death, Lyndon Johnson taking the oath of office with a stricken Jackie Kennedy alongside him in a blood-stained suit, and little John Kennedy Jr.

saluting his father’s casket on his third birthday. With Kennedy’s loss, some of the promise and innocence of the 1960s vanished. Dealing with tragedy, violence and assassinations would become commonplace. *** In the first half of the decade, the awful images that invaded television screens most often involved Southern brutality against peaceful civil rights protestors. On March 7, 1965, 48 million Americans settled in to watch “Judgement at Nuremberg,” a film about the trials of Nazi war criminals. Roughly 90 minutes in, however, ABC interrupted the movie to show 15 minutes of news footage so horrifying that it might have come from the film itself. The audience heard Alabama Sheriff Jim Clark bellowing a racial slur as state troopers and deputies descended upon peaceful black marchers. The viewers witnessed officers wailing away on the marchers with billy clubs, bullwhips and cattle

prods, while liberally dispensing tear gas. “Bloody Sunday” spawned such outrage that it propelled the Voting Rights Act to passage. The Watts riots in Los Angeles ignited a mere five days after President Johnson signed the act into law, setting the tone for the second half of the decade. The disturbing images on television screens shifted to looters, burning buildings and other telltale signs of the decade’s 646 riots (from 1964 through 1969) that lasted a collective 1,594 days and claimed 210 lives as smoldering anger over racist institutions and hideous conditions in urban ghettos bubbled over. At times, American cities resembled war zones, with troops patrolling the streets. Chaos, and sometimes violence, also erupted on college campuses during the late 1960s. Similar to today, newfound activism and challenges to the existing order fueled this disharmony. Yet, the disturbances today, spurred by

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Wednesday, April 26, 2017 |

debate over whether to prioritize free speech or “safe spaces,” have paled in comparison to the tumult on campuses in the late 1960s. Angry over everything from university rules to encroachment upon surrounding neighborhoods and perceived aid to the Vietnam War effort through ROTC programs and government-funded or -connected research, students seized buildings, in some cases expelling administrators or holding them captive. One Harvard dean found himself slung over a student’s shoulder and deposited outside. At Columbia in 1968, student invaders helped themselves to the university president’s cigars while riffling through his files. Students also routinely struck, simply refusing to attend classes until administrators and faculty addressed their grievances. *** The tensions of the decade climaxed (though they hardly abated) in its stormiest year, 1968. On Jan. 30, the stunning Tet Offensive temporarily knocked American troops in Vietnam back on their heels. Tet also fostered the development of a “credibility gap” in which Americans lost faith in their government’s honesty. On Feb. 27, maybe the most trusted man in America — Walter Cronkite — questioned the rosy picture of U.S. involvement in Vietnam painted by government and military officials, asserting, “For it seems now more certain than ever, that the bloody experience of Vietnam is to end in a stalemate. To say that we are closer to victory today is to believe in the face of the evidence, the optimists who have been wrong in the past.” Body type RR: A month later, on March 31, dogged by chants of “Hey, Hey, LBJ, How Many Kids Did You Kill Today” and stung by a surprisingly weak showing in the New Hampshire primary, President Johnson stunned a national television audience by declaring, “I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president.”

Burning buildings during Watts Riots in Los Angeles, August 1965.

Four days later, an assassin’s bullet felled the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. That night, in Indianapolis, New York Sen. Robert Kennedy (whose safety city officials warned they could not guarantee) bared his soul, recalling that he knew the pain and hatred sparked by assassination all too well. Yet, he pleaded for love, wisdom, compassion and a feeling of justice toward Americans of all races instead of division, hatred, violence and lawlessness. Kennedy’s stirring remarks received credit for preventing Indianapolis from burning on a night when many other cities viscerally absorbed the fury and sorrow provoked by King’s assassination. A mere two months President Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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Combat operations atat IaIa Drang Valley, Vietnam, November 1965. Major Bruce P. P. Crandall’s UH-1D helicopter climbs skyward after discharging a load ofof Combat operations Drang Valley, Vietnam, November 1965. Major Bruce Crandall’s UH-1D helicopter climbs skyward after discharging a load infantrymen onon a search-and-destroy mission. infantrymen a search-and-destroy mission.

many manyother othercities citiesviscerally viscerallyabsorbed absorbed the thefury furyand andsorrow sorrowprovoked provokedbyby King’s King’sassassination. assassination.AAmere meretwo two months monthslater, later,however, however,ititwas wasKenKennedy nedywho wholay laydead deadatatthe thehands handsofofanan assassin. assassin. InInlate lateAugust, August,blood bloodran ranthrough through the streets of Chicago, and the streets of Chicago, andDemoDemocratic craticdignitaries dignitarieschoked chokedfrom fromthe the tear teargas gasemployed employedbybypolice policeininwhat what was, was,depending dependingononone’s one’sperspecperspective, tive,either eithera brutal a brutalpolice policeriot riotororthe the hippies hippiesand andthe theprotestors protestorsfinally finally receiving receivinga richly a richlydeserved deservedbeating. beating. The Themedia mediajudged judgeditittotobebethe theformer. former. Horrified Horrifiedanchormen anchormenshared sharedvideo videoofof clubs clubsswinging swingingaway, away,expecting expectingthe the public publictotoshare sharetheir theirrevulsion. revulsion.CBS’ CBS’ Eric EricSevareid Sevareiddubbed dubbedthe theworst worstnight night ofofclashes “the most disgraceful clashes “the most disgracefulnight night ininpolitical politicalhistory.” history.” Yet, Yet,exposing exposingthe thedeep deepgulf gulfinin

Supreme SupremeCourt Courtthat thatfavored favoredcrimicriminals nalsand andpornographers, pornographers,took tookprayer prayer out outofofschools schoolsand andrequired requiredbussing bussingofof their theirchildren childrentotoachieve achieveracially raciallybalbalanced ancedschools. schools.Conservatives Conservativesalso alsosaw saw the thenascent nascentwomen’s women’sand andgay gayrights rights movements movementsasasananaffront affronttototheir theirGodGodordained ordainedvalues. values. Liberals Liberalsseethed seethedasaswell well——but buttheir their fury *** furystemmed stemmedfrom fromcultural culturalnorms normsthat that *** were InIntruth, wereracist, racist,misogynistic misogynisticand andotherwise otherwise truth,rage ragewas wasthe theone onething thing bigoted. binding bigoted.What Whatconservatives conservativesregarded regardedasas bindingmost mostAmericans Americanstogether togetherinin bedrock principles that fueled America’s the bedrock principles that fueled America’s the1960s. 1960s.Conservatives Conservativesresented resentedthe the greatness, spoiled, greatness,racial racialminorities, minorities,women, women, spoiled,unpatriotic unpatrioticbrats bratsprotesting protesting LGBTQ people, atheists and ononcampuses and burning draft cards. LGBTQ people, atheists andmany many campuses and burning draft cards. young Americans considered stifling They demanded that the government young Americans considered stifling They demanded that the government to conservatives, and wrong. Whereas restore law and order. In the decade’s to conservatives, and wrong. Whereas restore law and order. In the decade’s patriotism smoldering patriotismand andthe thedangers dangersofofcommucommusmolderingcities, cities,they theysaw sawlawlesslawlessnism nismdictated dictatedsupport supportfor forthe theVietnam Vietnam ness nessand andcrime, crime,not notspontaneous spontaneous War,many manyliberals liberalsdecried decriedananimmoral immoral combustion combustionprompted promptedbybylongstandlongstand- War, war warthat thathad hadstrayed strayedfrom fromAmerican American ing inginequality inequalityand andsqualor. squalor.They They principlesand andsenselessly senselesslyended endedlives. lives. fumed fumedover overthe thedecisions decisionsofofthe theliberal liberal principles American Americansociety, society,polls pollsshowed showedthat thata a majority of Americans actually cheered majority of Americans actually cheered the thepolice policeon. on.The Thetelegrams telegramsand andletters letters inundating the networks condemned inundating the networks condemned the themedia’s media’scoverage; coverage;letters letterstotoCBS CBS ran ran1111toto1 in 1 infavor favorofofthe thepolice. police.One One letter letterwriter writertotothe theChicago ChicagoTribune Tribune dismissed dismissedWalter WalterCronkite Cronkiteasasgullible. gullible.

InInthe thetime-honored time-honoredtradition traditionofofthe the decade, liberals took to decade, liberals took tothe thestreets streetstoto demand demandthe theend endofofthe thewar warand andchanges changes totothe thestructures structuresand andnorms normsanimating animating American Americansociety. society. Today, Today,we wecan cantrace tracemany manyofofthe thefisfissures suresroiling roilingsociety societyand andpolitics politicstotothe the 1960s. 1960s.Many Manyofofthe theproblems problemsexposed exposed during duringthe the’60s ’60sstill stillfester. fester.Racial Racial minorities, minorities,women womenand andLGBTQ LGBTQAmeriAmericans cansstill stillstruggle strugglefor forequal equalrights rightsand and treatment. treatment.Conversely, Conversely,conservatives conservatives persist persistinindemanding demandinga return a returntotothe the values valuesthat thatthey theybelieve believefuel fuelAmerican American greatness. greatness.Americans Americanshave haveonce onceagain again taken takentotothe thestreets streetstotoprotest protestdevelopdevelopments mentsthat thatthey theyconsider considerunacceptable. unacceptable. Whereas Whereasthe the1960s 1960switnessed witnessedthe the growing growingcredibility credibilitygap gapthat thateroded eroded trust trustiningovernment governmentand andfaith faiththat thatitit could be an engine for good, today, could be an engine for good, today,the the blurring blurringofoftruth truthand andfiction fictionhampers hampers the thevery veryfunctionality functionalityofofour ourpolitical political system. system.“Fake “Fakenews” news”and andecho echochamchambers bers——ininwhich whichpeople peopleonly onlyconsume consume content contentthat thatsupports supportstheir theirviews views—— have haveleft leftAmericans Americansliving livingininparallel parallel universes universesand anddemonizing demonizingeach eachother. other. Yet, Yet,ininspite spiteofofthis thisturbulence, turbulence, we wehave haveavoided avoidedthe theworst worstdevastadevastation, tion,physical physicaland andemotional, emotional,inflicted inflicted during duringthe the1960s. 1960s.Americans Americansdon’t don’t wake wakeupupeach eachmorning morningfearing fearingthat thatthe the world worldmight mightend, end,pictures picturesofofburnburning ingcities citiesand andpitched pitchedbattles battlesininthe the streets streetsaren’t aren’tcommonplace, commonplace,and andwe we haven’t haven’tseen seenour ourleaders leadersstruck struckdown down bybyassassins’ assassins’bullets. bullets.Our Oursociety societyfaces faces challenges, but one look at the challenges, but one look at the1960s 1960s demonstrates demonstrateshow howmuch muchworse worsethings things could couldbe. be.

Brian BrianRosenwald Rosenwaldconducts conductsthe theresearch research for forthe theSlate Slatepodcast podcastWhistlestop Whistlestopand and a abook bookcompanion companiontotothe thepodcast. podcast.His His doctoral doctoraldissertation, dissertation,“Mount “MountRushRushmore: more:The TheRise RiseofofTalk TalkRadio Radioand andItsIts Impact ImpactononPolitics Politicsand andPublic PublicPolicy,” Policy,” will willbebea abook bookfor forHarvard HarvardUniversity University Press. Press.He Hehas hasalso alsowritten writtenfor forCNN.com, CNN.com, Politico, The Philadelphia Inquirer, Politico, The Philadelphia Inquirer,The The Baltimore BaltimoreSun, Sun,The TheDaily DailyBeast Beastand and Time TimeMagazine’s Magazine’shistory historyblog. blog.

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PAGE 8 Wednesday, April 2017| | ?8 Wednesday, April 26,26, 2017 ?8

HOPE FEAR FROM FROM O TTO

The1960s 1960sstarted startedcomfortably. comfortably. The Thenwe werealized realizedno noone onewas wassafe safe Then

Martin Luther King addresses the Martin Luther King Jr.Jr. addresses the crowd from the steps the Lincoln crowd from the steps ofof the Lincoln Memorial, where delivered famous Memorial, where hehe delivered hishis famous “I Have a Dream” speech during the Aug. “I Have a Dream” speech during the Aug. 28, 1963, March on Washington. 28, 1963, March on Washington.

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Wednesday, April 2017 ?9 ?9 | |Wednesday, April 26,26, 2017

Melissa Erickson ByBy Melissa Erickson More Content Now More Content Now

here’slittle littledoubt doubtthat thatthe the here’s 1960s was a decade that 1960s was a decade that changedthe thenation. nation.What What changed started out as an age started out as an age ofof hopeful innocencegrew grewinto intoa a hopeful innocence timeofofrage rageand andviolence. violence. time “Atthe thestart startofofthe the1960s, 1960s, “At peoplefelt feltgreat greatconfidence confidenceand and people expectations.The Thecountry countrywas was expectations. ridinga awave waveofofprosperity prosperityofof riding thelike likethat thathad hadnever neverbeen beenseen seen the before,”said saidMichael MichaelFlamm, Flamm, before,” professorofofhistory, history,Ohio OhioWesWesprofessor leyanUniversity, University,and andauthor authorofof leyan “Inthe theHeat Heatofofthe theSummer: Summer:The The “In New York Riots of 1964 and the New York Riots of 1964 and the WarononCrime.” Crime.” War “A hallmark (ofthe the‘60s) ‘60s)was was “A hallmark (of thatthe theprosperity prosperitywas wasshared” shared” that acrosssociety society“like “likenever never across before,”said saidMichael MichaelKazin, Kazin, before,” professorofofhistory, history,Georgetown Georgetown professor University,and andeditor editorofofDissent Dissent University, magazine. magazine. Americamay mayhave havebeen beenthe the America richestcountry countryever, ever,but butbybythe the richest mid-’60sour oursense senseofofsecurity security mid-’60s wasbreaking breakingdown, down,first firstininurban urban was areas but then spreading to the areas but then spreading to the suburbsand andrural ruralareas, areas,Flamm Flamm suburbs said. said. Thenasasnow, now,our ourimpresimpresThen sionofofAmerica Americawas wascreated createdbyby sion whatwe wesaw sawininpopular popularculture, culture, what highlightedbybythe theidyllic idyllicreprephighlighted resentationsdepicted depictedonon1950s 1950s resentations televisionshows showslike like“Leave “LeaveItIt television ToBeaver,” Beaver,”said saidJoel JoelRhodes, Rhodes, To professorininthe thehistory historydepartdepartprofessor mentofofSoutheast SoutheastMissouri MissouriState State ment University.The Thehappy happyfamilies families University. TVdid didnot notaccurately accuratelyshow show ononTV the division that was already segthe division that was already segmenting America in the ‘50s, said menting America in the ‘50s, said Rhodes, who believes “the VietRhodes, who believes “the Vietnamera” era”isisa amore moreappropriate appropriate nam termwhen whendiscussing discussingAmeriAmeriterm cans’growing growingloss lossofofsecurity security cans’ duringthe thedecade. decade. during While“the “the‘60s ‘60sare areoften often While rememberedasasa atime timeofof remembered

radicalism,it’s it’simportant importanttoto radicalism, remember that Jan.1,1,1960, 1960, remember that ononJan. theworld worlddidn’t didn’twake wakeupupradiradithe cal.The Theearly early1960s 1960slooked looked cal. morelike likewhat whatwe wecollectively collectively more associatewith withthe the‘50s ‘50sthan thanthat that associate ‘60scountercultural counterculturalimage,” image,” ‘60s saidNatalia NataliaMehlman MehlmanPetrzela, Petrzela, said historianofofcontemporary contemporary a ahistorian Americanpolitics politicsand andculture culture American andcohost cohostofofthe thePast PastPresent Present and podcast. podcast. No.1 threat 1 threat No. Theend endofofWorld WorldWar WarIIIIsaw saw The a brief period of euphoria, but a brief period of euphoria, but wesoon soonbecame becamea afearful fearfulnation, nation, we Rhodes said. People contemRhodes said. People contemplated,“what “whatififPearl PearlHarbor Harborhad had plated, beena anuclear nuclearattack?” attack?” been “Eversince sincethe theend endofofWorld World “Ever WarII,II,America Americanever nevergets getsout outofof War theshadow shadowofofwar. war.We’re We’reeither either the preparingfor forwar warororfighting fightinga a preparing war,”Rhodes Rhodessaid. said. war,” Thegovernment governmenttried triedtoto The buildconfidence confidencethrough throughcivilcivilbuild defensemeasures, measures,but butthe theidea idea defense that a nuclear attack would that a nuclear attack would bebe

President John KenPresident John F. F. Kennedy was assassinated nedy was assassinated Nov. 1963, onon Nov. 22,22, 1963, inin Dallas. Dallas.

survivablebybybuilding buildinga abunker bunker survivable hidingunder undera aschool schooldesk desk ororhiding terrifiedpeople, people,Rhodes Rhodessaid. said. terrified “Ifyou youthink thinkofoffear fearasaslayers layers “If onionpeel, peel,the theNo. No.1 fear 1 fearisis ofofananonion nuclearwar,” war,”Rhodes Rhodessaid. said.The The nuclear 13-dayCuban CubanMissile MissileCrisis Crisisinin 13-day October1962 1962brought broughthome homethe the October factthat thatour ournation nationwas wasvulvulfact nerabletotonuclear nucleardisaster, disaster,hehe nerable added. added. Assassinations Assassinations theWhite WhiteHouse, House,the the InInthe Kennedys were America’s Kennedys were America’s glamorousfirst firstcouple, couple,not notonly only glamorous representinghope hopefor forthe thefuture future representing

“Atthe thestart startofofthe the “At 1960s,people peoplefelt felt 1960s, greatconfidence confidenceand and great expectations. The expectations. The countrywas wasriding ridingaa country waveofofprosperity prosperityofof wave thelike likethat thathad hadnever never the been seen before.” been seen before.” Michael Flamm, professor history, Michael Flamm, professor ofof history, Ohio Wesleyan University Ohio Wesleyan University

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The Congress ofof Racial Equality march inin Washington, D.C., onon Sept. 22,22, 1963, was held inin memory ofof the children killed inin the Birmingham bombings. The Congress Racial Equality march Washington, D.C., Sept. 1963, was held memory the children killed the Birmingham bombings.

but butfighting fightingfor forit,it,too. too. “The “Theassassination assassinationofofJFK JFK led ledtotouncertainty. uncertainty.What’s What’s going goingtotohappen happentotoour ourcouncountry?” try?”Rhodes Rhodessaid. said. The Theassassination assassinationwas wasthe thefirst first major majornational nationalevent eventplayed playedout outonon television, television,and andasasthe theimages imagesflashed flashed over and over again, people over and over again, peoplethought, thought, “If “Ifthe thepresident presidentwas wasvulnerable vulnerabletoto attack, aren’t we all?” attack, aren’t we all?” Two Twomore morehigh-profile high-profile

assassinations assassinationsfollowed. followed.Civil Civilrights rights leader leaderMartin MartinLuther LutherKing KingJr.Jr.was was shot shotand andkilled killedbybya asniper’s sniper’sbullet bullet April April4,4,1968, 1968,and andpresidential presidentialcancandidate didateRobert RobertF.F.Kennedy, Kennedy,brother brother ofofPresident PresidentKennedy, Kennedy,was wasfatally fatally shot shotJune June5,5,1968, 1968,after afterwinning winningthe the California Californiapresidential presidentialprimary. primary. “Losing “LosingJFK, JFK,and andthen thenlater laterRFK RFK and MLK, were individually and MLK, were individuallytragic tragic events, events,but butI think I thinkthat thatwith witheach each ofofthem, them,ititisisimportant importanttotosee seethat that

the theviolence violenceofofthese thesetragic tragicacts acts chipped chippedaway awayatatwhat whatmight mighthave have felt feltlike likea ashared sharedsense senseofofpurpose purposeoror faith faithinin‘working ‘workingwithin withinthe thesystem’ system’ totoredress redressinequality,” inequality,”Mehlman Mehlman Petrzela Petrzelasaid. said.“If “Ifeach eachofofthese these figures, figures,most mostnotably notablythe thepresident, president, could couldbebesosobrazenly brazenlyand andviolently violently silenced, silenced,what whatwas wasthe thepoint pointofof playing by the rules? It definitely playing by the rules? It definitely shook shookpeople’s people’ssense senseofoffaith faithinin those thoserules rulesasasworth worthfollowing following(or) (or)

a aguarantee guaranteeofoftheir theirown ownsafety safetyand and civic civicand andbodily bodilywell-being.” well-being.” The Theevents eventsofofthis thisera, era,“for “fordifdifferent ferentreasons, reasons,made madethose thoseonon both boththe theright rightand andthe theleft leftquestion question their theirsafety,” safety,”Mehlman MehlmanPetrzela Petrzela said. said.“Liberals “Liberalssaw sawtheir theirreformist reformist heroes assassinated — heroes assassinated —even evensomesomeone onelike likeMLK MLKwhose whoseplatform platformhad had been beenexplicitly explicitlynonviolence nonviolence——and and a aviolent violentwar warunfolding unfoldingininVietnam, Vietnam, whereas whereasconservatives conservativeswere wererepelled repelled

“Losing “LosingJFK, JFK,and andthen thenlater laterRFK RFKand andMLK, MLK,were wereindividually individuallytragic tragicevents, events,but butI Ithink think that with each of them, it is important to see that the violence of these tragic acts chipped that with each of them, it is important to see that the violence of these tragic acts chipped away awayatatwhat whatmight mighthave havefelt feltlike likeaashared sharedsense senseofofpurpose purposeororfaith faithinin‘working ‘workingwithin withinthe the system’ system’totoredress redressinequality.” inequality.” Natalia NataliaMehlman MehlmanPetrzela, Petrzela,historian historianofofcontemporary contemporaryAmerican Americanpolitics politicsand andculture culture

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Black Panther Party founders Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton.

by a culture that seemed to have transformed innocent students into ‘campus radicals,’ giving rise to a call for ‘law and order.’ ” Protest, rage and social change The non-violent protests of the Civil Rights movement in the South set the stage for the student movement of the 1960s, Rhodes said. For middle-class Americans it seemed as if revolution was at hand. Young people fought for their free speech, protested Vietnam, and took over and even burned campus buildings. “The common working-class American just didn’t understand. Why are these kids who have the privilege to go to college and come from good homes disrespecting authority? Why are they burning their draft cards? It was inexplicable” to many people, Rhodes said. “What’s happening to the values and traditions we hold dear? It made parents concerned what would happen to their younger children, too.” The baby boomers represented a huge demographic. “Over half of the U.S.

population was under 30 by the mid ‘60s. Even if a small number of them were rebelling, it seemed that society as a whole was rebelling,” Flamm said. It wasn’t just on college campuses. Everywhere men started wearing their hair long and younger people began to dress differently. The drug culture and the women’s movement were going mainstream, too, Flamm said. While people have always found comfort and security in marriage, during the ‘60s divorce skyrocketed, Rhodes said. Single families and blended families increased. Women demanded equality, and mothers joined the workforce in greater numbers. “Yes, groups like the Black Panthers were scary to some people, but heck, women, women in the suburbs were getting jobs and not staying at home and that was scary,” Rhodes said. “Every time there is change — and there’s radical change in the ‘60s — there’s fearful reaction,” he said. A flood of violence The 1950s are often seen as a

Demonstrators in the Poor People’s March in Washington, D.C., in June 1968.

golden age with stable families, a plentiful economy and low crime rates. The mid-1960s ushered in a wave of violence, crime and urban riots. America didn’t only feel more dangerous, it was more dangerous. The violent crime rate increased by 126 percent between 1960 and 1970, according to the Brennan Center for Justice. An American’s chances of being murdered was relatively low in the ‘50s and early ‘60s but doubled between 1964 and 1974. “Beginning in 1964-1965, every summer the nation’s ghettos erupt in violence. There are over 300 riots in the late ‘60s,” Rhodes said. “Every major city experiences a riot or rebellion,” Flamm agreed. “This mixes seamlessly with the campus riots, the rise of radical militant groups like the Black Panthers. There’s a sense that the nation is at war with itself,” Rhodes said. Economic insecurity Insecurity really hits home when it hits your wallet. By the 1960s Americans had embraced

“Yes, groups like the Black Panthers were scary to some people, but heck, women, women in the suburbs were getting jobs and not staying at home and that was scary.” Joel Rhodes, professor, Southeast Missouri State University

economic security and the ability to buy a home and go on a yearly vacation. “The ‘60s were a prosperous time in general, but we start to see a decline first in the macro towns and then in other areas like the Rust Belt,” Kazin said. “There was a fear of economic decline. Manufacturing was doing well, but the heyday was over.” Industrially, countries like Japan and Germany were on the rise. “The thing about insecurity is that when you start to feel insecure in one part of your life it tends to spread to other parts,” Kazin said.

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’60s icons

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ByBy John Sucich John Sucich

More MoreContent ContentNow Now

ew ewdecades decadescan cancompare compareto tothe the 1960s, 1960s,when whenmuscle musclecars, cars,music music and andmilestones milestonesall allmade madehuge hugeand and lasting lastingimpressions impressionson onpeople. people. From Fromsad sadtimes timeslike likethe the1963 1963Kennedy Kennedy assassination to uplifting assassination to upliftingtimes timeslike likethe the moon landing in 1969, living in the moon landing in 1969, living in the1960s 1960s was wasspecial. special. Although Althoughcivil civilrights rightsunrest unrestand andthe the Vietnam VietnamWar Warsplit splitmany manyof ofus usapart, apart, ititwas wasthe themusic musicand andmuscle musclecars carsthat that banded bandedus ustogether together— —so somuch muchso sothat that even eventoday’s today’syouths youthsare arefans fansof ofthe themusic music and andcars carsfrom fromthe the1960s. 1960s. Be BeititMotown, Motown,the thesurf surfsound, sound,rock rock ‘n’ ‘n’roll, roll,country, country,ballads balladsor orinstrumeninstrumentals, tals,no noother othertime timeperiod periodcan canmatch matchthe the diversity of hit music the 1960s diversity of hit music the 1960safforded afforded people peopleof ofall allages. ages.Cruising Cruisingininyour yourcar car needed tunes from The Beach Boys, needed tunes from The Beach Boys,Jan Jan and andDean, Dean,The TheRonettes, Ronettes,Shangri-Las Shangri-Las and andother othergroups groupsjamming jammingfrom fromthe theAM AM radio. radio.This Thissound soundalso alsospurred spurredmillions millions of ofvinyl vinylrecord recordsales salesininboth bothsingle single“45” “45” and andfull fullalbum albumform. form. The Thesuccessful successfulbands bandsand andmusicians musicians also alsoenjoyed enjoyedaamajor majorincome incomemove-up move-up thanks thanksto toaanew newinvention inventioncalled calledthe the 8-track 8-tracktape tapeplayer, player,which whichdebuted debutedinin the themid-1960s mid-1960sand andbecame becamethe theNo. No.11car car and andtruck truckaudio audioaddition. addition.Once Onceinstalled, installed, you youcould couldpurchase purchasethe the8-track 8-tracktapes tapesof of your favorite groups that would allow your favorite groups that would allow instant instantmusical musicalgratification gratificationthanks thanksto to The Four Seasons, Spanky & Our The Four Seasons, Spanky & OurGang, Gang, The TheRascals Rascalsand andthe theTemptations, Temptations,all all bellowing bellowingsweet sweetsounds soundsfrom fromyour your 8-track’s 8-track’squad quadspeaker speakersetup. setup. This Thisbrings bringsus usto tothe thecars carsof ofthe theSixties Sixties ininall alltheir theirglory. glory.No Noone onedisputes disputesititwas was the theDetroit-built, Detroit-built,400-plus-horsepower 400-plus-horsepower muscle musclecars carsthat thattook tookcenter centerstage stageon onthe the nation’s nation’sboulevards. boulevards.Owners Ownerswould would

Plymouth PlymouthRoadrunner Roadrunner 383/Hemi 383/Hemi

Ford FordMustang MustangBoss Boss429 429

AMC AMCHornet Hornet360 360

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Dodge Challenger R/T 440

AMC SC/ Rambler 390

Plymouth GTX 440/Hemi

deliver your food on roller skates. If you didn’t stop by the local hangout with your car, you were missing a grand time. The highly polished muscle cars back then were usually equipped with Cragar S/S, Keystone or “chrome reverse” wheels, all of which shined with brilliance against the evening illumination. The tires were raised white letter “Polyglass” editions, until the rear tires were removed in favor of a set of M&H slicks for the after-midnight gatherings. Performance additions included exhaust headers, usually painted in flat white heat paint be it fender well exit or under-carriage type. Further, if you were really part of the performance in-crowd back then, chatter included words like Isky, Holley, Crane, Edelbrock, Weiand, Mallory and Hedman, which were dead giveaways that a car owner could back up his highperformance talk. Although there are those who point to the full-size performance cars of the day like a 1962 Chevy 409, 1963 Dodge 426 or 1964 Ford 427 as the harbinger of the muscle car, few will dispute that Detroit was unprepared for what was to come in 1964. Specifically, thanks to a Pontiac advertising executive and drag racer by the name of Jim Wangers and the blessing of John DeLorean, then the top guy at Pontiac, the duo produced the very first mid-size muscle car that made its appearance as the 1964 Pontiac GTO. Noting a boom in muscle cars sales, Detroit hurriedly adapted and over the next eight years served up the Chevelle SS396, Boss 302 / 429 Mustang, Plymouth GTX 440/Hemi, Roadrunner 383/Hemi, Mustang/Cougar 428 Cobra Jet, Dodge R/T 440 and Super Bee 383 / 426, and even wilder creations like a 440 Six Pack Super Bee or

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BuickGran GranSport Sport Buick

HurstW30 W30442 442 Hurst Oldsmobile Oldsmobile

ChevelleSS SS396 396 Chevelle

CorvetteL88 L88 Corvette

426Plymouth PlymouthHemi HemiCuda Cuda 426

Roadrunner.Also Alsonoteworthy noteworthyare arethe theBuick Buick Roadrunner. Gran Sport, AMC Scrambler 390, Javelin/ Gran Sport, AMC Scrambler 390, Javelin/ AMX390, 390,AMC AMCHornet Hornet360, 360, Hurst HurstW30 W30 AMX 442Oldsmobile, Oldsmobile,Camaro CamaroZ28 Z28and andultimate ultimate 442 musclecreations creationsCorvette CorvetteL88, L88,Mustang Mustang muscle ShelbyGT GT350 350//500 500and and426 426Plymouth Plymouth Shelby HemiCuda Cudaand andDodge DodgeHemi HemiChallenger, Challenger, Hemi thelatter lattertwo twobuilt builtat atthe theend endof of1969 1969as as the 1970models. models. 1970

*** *** The bestof ofthe thebest bestin inmuscle musclecars carsand and The best musicnot notonly onlybanded bandedaageneration generationtogether together music regardlessof ofrace raceor orreligion, religion,ititspawned spawned regardless multi-billion-dollarbusinesses businesseslike likethe the multi-billion-dollar automotiveaftermarket, aftermarket,the thecollector collector automotive car/musclecar cartrade tradeand andthe theoldies-butoldies-butcar/muscle goodiesmusic musicindustry, industry,where wherethe thesongs songsof of goodies the1960s 1960splay playdaily dailyon onmodern modernplayback playback the

devices,radios radiosand andtelevision. television. devices, It really was the best oftimes timesfor formuscle muscle It really was the best of carsand andmusic. music. cars GregZyla Zylawrites writesweekly weeklyfor forMore MoreContent Content Greg Nowand andother otherGateHouse GateHousemedia mediapublicapublicaNow tions.He Hewelcomes welcomesreader readercomments commentsat at tions. greg@gregzyla.comor orat at303 303Roosevelt RooseveltSt., St., greg@gregzyla.com Sayre,PA PA18840. 18840. Sayre,

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HOT 100 HITS OF THE 1960S Billboard’s top top singles singles of of the the ’60s ’60s show show the the diversity diversity of of the the Billboard’s decade and and its its changing changing tastes, tastes, from from early early dance dance and and instruinstrudecade mental tunes tunes to to the the rock rock and and soul soul hits hits nearer nearer to to the the 1970s. 1970s. mental How many many do do you you remember remember the the words words to? to? How

“TheTwist,” Twist,”Chubby ChubbyChecker Checker 1.1.“The Peakdate: date:Sept. Sept.24, 24,1960 1960 Peak

“HeyJude,” Jude,”The TheBeatles Beatles 2.2.“Hey

Peakdate: date:Sep. Sep.28, 28,1968 1968 Peak

Themefrom from“A “ASummer SummerPlace,” Place,”Percy Percy 3.3.Theme Faithand andHis HisOrchestra Orchestra Faith Peakdate: date:Feb. Feb.27, 27,1960 1960 Peak

“Tossin’and andTurnin,’” Turnin,’”Bobby BobbyLewis Lewis 4.4.“Tossin’ Peakdate: date:July July15, 15,1961 1961 Peak

WantTo ToHold HoldYour YourHand,” Hand,” 5.5.“I“IWant TheBeatles Beatles The Peakdate: date:Feb. Feb.1, 1,1964 1964 Peak

“I’mAABeliever,” Believer,”The TheMonkees Monkees 66. .“I’m Peakdate: date:Dec. Dec.31, 31,1966 1966 Peak “Aquarius⁄LetThe TheSunshine SunshineIn,” In,” 7.7.“Aquarius⁄Let The 5th Dimension The 5th Dimension Peakdate: date:April April12, 12,1969 1969 Peak

“Sugar,Sugar,” Sugar,”The TheArchies Archies 8.8.“Sugar, Peakdate: date:Sept. Sept.20, 20,1969 1969 Peak

HeardItItThrough ThroughThe TheGrapevine,” Grapevine,” 9.9.“I“IHeard MarvinGaye Gaye Marvin Peakdate: date:Dec. Dec.14, 14,1968 1968 Peak

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10.10. “Are Elvis “AreYou YouLonesome LonesomeTo-night?” To-night?” Elvis Presley Presleywith withThe TheJordanaires Jordanaires Peak Peakdate: date:Dec. Dec.3,3,1960 1960

11. 11. “It’s Elvis “It’sNow NowOrOrNever,” Never,” ElvisPresley Presley with withThe TheJordanaires Jordanaires Peak Peakdate: date:Aug. Aug.20, 20,1960 1960

12.12. “I “ICan’t Ray Can’tStop StopLoving LovingYou,” You,” Ray Charles Charles Peak Peakdate: date:June June2,2,1962 1962

13.13. “I’m Brenda “I’mSorry,” Sorry,” BrendaLee Lee Peak Peakdate: date:July July23, 23,1960 1960

14.14. “Love “LoveIsIsBlue Blue(L’amour (L’amourEst EstBleu),” Bleu),” Paul PaulMauriat Mauriatand andHis HisOrchestra Orchestra Peak Peakdate: date:Feb. Feb.10, 10,1968 1968

15.15. “Hello, Louis “Hello,Dolly!” Dolly!” LouisArmstrong Armstrongand and The All Stars The All Stars Peak Peakdate: date:May May9,9,1964 1964

16.16. “Big The “BigGirls GirlsDon’t Don’tCry,” Cry,” TheFour Four Seasons Seasons Peak Peakdate: date:Nov. Nov.17, 17,1962 1962

17.17. “Sugar Jimmy “SugarShack,” Shack,” JimmyGilmer Gilmerand and The TheFireballs Fireballs Peak Peakdate: date:Oct. Oct.12, 12,1963 1963

18.18. “Honky The “HonkyTonk TonkWomen,” Women,” TheRolling Rolling Stones Stones Peak Peakdate: date:Aug. Aug.23, 23,1969 1969

19.19. “(Sittin’ On) “(Sittin’ On)The TheDock DockOfOfThe TheBay,” Bay,” Otis Redding Otis Redding Peak Peakdate: date:March March16, 16,1968 1968

20.20. “Big Jimmy “BigBad BadJohn,” John,” JimmyDean Dean Peak Peakdate: date:Nov. Nov.11, 11,1961 1961

This Thistop topBillboard BillboardHot Hot100 100songs songsofofeach eachdecade decadeisisranked rankedbased basedononeach eachtitle’s title’sperformance performanceononthe the Hot 100 through the chart dated Nov. 1, 2014. Songs are ranked based on an inverse Hot 100 through the chart dated Nov. 1, 2014. Songs are ranked based on an inversepoint pointsystem, system, with withweeks weeksatatNo. No.1 1earning earningthe thegreatest greatestvalue valueand andweeks weeksatatNo. No.100 100earning earningthe theleast. least.ToToensure ensure equitable equitablerepresentation representationofofthe thebiggest biggesthits hitsacross acrossmultiple multipledecades, decades,time timeframes framesare areweighted weightedtoto account accountfor forfluctuating fluctuatingchart chartturnover turnoverrates ratesdue duetotodifferent differentmethodologies methodologiesutilized. utilized. PHOTOS: WIKIPEDIA / ALLMUSIC.COM PHOTOS: WIKIPEDIA / ALLMUSIC.COM

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SIGN

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SIGN, SIGN,SIGN, SIGN, EVERYWHERE EVERYWHEREA ASIGN SIGN

When Whenyou youthink thinkof ofthe the’60s, ’60s,you youno nodoubt doubtthink think about aboutthese theseiconic iconicimages images

Woodstock Woodstocklogo logo

Capturing Capturinganother anotherhistoric historicsymbol symbol for forpeace, peace,the thedove, dove,artist artistArnold Arnold Skolnick Skolnickdesigned designedthe theiconic iconicbirdbirdon-guitar-neck on-guitar-necktotopromote promote1969’s 1969’s Woodstock WoodstockMusic Music&&Art ArtFair. Fair.

Peace Peacesign sign

The Thecircular circularsymbol symbolthat thatbecame became ubiquitous ubiquitousininthe the1960s 1960sand and’70s ’70swas was originally originallythe thelogo logofor forthe theBritish British Campaign Campaignfor forNuclear NuclearDisarmament. Disarmament. The Thelines linesrepresent representthe thesemaphore, semaphore, ororflag flagsymbols symbols(think (thinkofofthe thealbum album cover for The Beatles’ “Help!”), cover for The Beatles’ “Help!”),for for the theletters lettersNNand andD,D,for for“nuclear “nuclear disarmament.” disarmament.”InInthe theearly early’60s ’60sthe the symbols symbolsmade madetheir theirway wayfrom fromthe the UK UKtotoU.S. U.S.college collegecampuses. campuses.The The VVsign sign——ananupraised upraisedfist fistwith withindex index and andmiddle middlefinger fingerextended extendedand and parted parted——also alsobecame becamea asymbol symbolfor for peace peaceduring duringthe thedecade’s decade’santi-war anti-war protests. protests.

Fallout Falloutshelter sheltersign sign

Introduced Introducedininthe theU.S. U.S.ononDec. Dec.1,1, 1961, these steel or aluminium 1961, these steel or aluminiumsigns signs led ledthe theway waytotosafety safetyinincase caseofofa a nuclear nuclearattack. attack.ItItbecame becamesynonysynonymous mouswith withthe theCold ColdWar Warand andmay may still stillbebeseen seenononpublic publicbuildings buildingsthat that predate predatethe the’60s ’60sand and’70s. ’70s.

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Andy AndyWarhol’s Warhol’spop popart art Big, Big,bold boldand andvibrant, vibrant,the themovement movement known knownasaspop popart artstarted startedwith withsuch such Warhol Warholworks worksasas“Campbell’s “Campbell’sSoup Soup Cans” Cans”and and“Marilyn “MarilynDiptych,” Diptych,”both both from from1962. 1962.His Hislater laterwork workcontinued continuedtoto focus focusonon’60s ’60sicons, icons,including includingmushmushroom roomclouds, clouds,Coke Cokebottles, bottles,celebrities celebrities and andcurrent currentevents. events.

Audrey Audrey Hepburn’s Hepburn’s LBD LBD

Every Everydecade decadehas has itsitsstyle styleofoflittle little black blackdress, dress,and andthe the 1960s 1960swere wereiconiconized izedbybyHepburn Hepburninin 1961’s 1961’s“Breakfast “Breakfastatat Tiffany’s.” Tiffany’s.”

Jackie JackieKennedy’s Kennedy’s pillbox hat pillbox hat

The Thedecade’s decade’sfirst firstfirst firstlady ladyremains remains ananicon iconofofstyle styleand andclass, class,and andperfectly perfectly represented representedininher herpink pinkChanel Chanelsuit suitand and pillbox pillboxhat hatthe thedecorum decorumofofthe theearly early’60s. ’60s. The Thepillbox pillboxhat hatwas wasa asignature signatureofofhers hers that thatunsurprisingly unsurprisinglydeclined declinedininpopularity popularity after afterPresident PresidentKennedy Kennedywas waskilled. killed.

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BRAVE

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NEW NEW WORLD WORLD

hehespace spacerace racewas wasperhaps perhapsa a microcosm of the 1960s. microcosm of the 1960s.Our Our young, young,optimistic optimisticpresident president set setthe thechallenge challengeinin1961, 1961,and and our ourbest bestminds mindsset settotowork. work.

Tensions were high asas several counTensions were high several countries rushed to settle this new frontier tries rushed to settle this new frontier —— forfor good oror evil, wewe weren’t really good evil, weren’t really sure —— and amid the dangers wewe saw sure and amid the dangers saw heroes die. heroes die. But the success was sweet. And But the success was sweet. And televised. July 1969’s moon landing televised. July 1969’s moon landing was soso fantastic that many still believe was fantastic that many still believe it it was staged —— just one ofof many ofof the was staged just one many the decade’s unprecedented and unbelievdecade’s unprecedented and unbelievable events. able events. Here are some photos that capture Here are some photos that capture things we had never seen until the ’60s. things we had never seen until the ’60s.

——More MoreContent ContentNow Now

American Buzz Aldrin during the first moon walk in in 1969. was the second man toto walk onon the moon. PHOTOS NASA PHOTOS American Buzz Aldrin during the first moon walk 1969.Aldrin Aldrin was the second man walk the moon.NASA

After arriving atat the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex Skid Strip After arriving the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex Skid Strip onon Sept. 11,11, 1962, President John F. F. Kennedy is is welcomed byby aa Sept. 1962, President John Kennedy welcomed color guard and Center Director Kurt Debus (right). color guard and Center Director Kurt Debus (right).

The United States won the moon race when Neil Armstrong The United States won the moon race when Neil Armstrong stepped onto the lunar surface in in July 1969. stepped onto the lunar surface July 1969.

Computer-generated image ofof the Friendship 7 capsule in in orbit. Computer-generated image the Friendship 7 capsule orbit. OnOn February 20,20, 1962, NASA astronaut John Glenn became the February 1962, NASA astronaut John Glenn became the first American toto orbit the Earth in in hishis Mercury capsule Friendfirst American orbit the Earth Mercury capsule Friendship 7. 7. ship

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Earthrise as seen from Apollo 8, Dec. 24, 1968.

On July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 Commander Neil A. Armstrong leads astronauts Michael Collins and Edwin E. “Buzz” Aldrin Jr. from the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building to the transfer van for the eight-mile trip to Pad 39A.

Rendezvous of Gemini 6 and 7 in December 1965.

The lunar module flew in lunar orbit on Apollo 10, May 22–23, 1969.

An aerial view of the ticker tape parade for astronauts Virgil Grissom and John Young (seated in last car with Vice President Hubert Humphrey) in New York City in 1965. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS/WORLD TELEGRAM & SUN PHOTO BY ROGER HIGGINS

The towering Saturn V rocket rolls out of the Vehicle Assembly Building and heads for Launch Pad 39A on Oct. 14, 1966. The rocket was created to support the U.S.’s Apollo program.

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THE ONCE AND FUTURE

MUSLIM Being Muslim from the Sixties to today

By Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

Special to GateHouse Media

tired of waiting for white America to share the clean water.

Soul searching n the spring of 1966, while a freshIn the year before I man at UCLA, I arrived at UCLA, the read “The AutobiUnited States was ography of Malcolm X” burning up with racial and when I finished the tension. I had been last page I knew my life accidentally caught up was changed forever. in a Harlem riot, dodgOne passage particuing bullets and billy larly impressed me: clubs, that left one dead, “One day, I remember, 118 injured and a mila dirty glass of water lion dollars in damage. was on a counter and Later that year, Malcolm Mr. Muhammad put X was assassinated by a clean glass of water the Nation of Islam, beside it. ‘You want to the very group he had know how to spread written so passionately my teachings?’ he said, about in his book. Less and he pointed to the than two weeks after glass of water. ‘Don’t that, the Rev. Dr. Martin condemn if you see a Luther King Jr. led a person has a dirty glass voting rights march in of water,’ he said, ‘just Selma, Alabama, which show them the clean became famous as “Bloody glass of water that Sunday” after they were you have. When they attacked by the police with inspect it, you won’t tear gas, whips and clubs. have to say that yours And a couple weeks before is better.’” I arrived at UCLA, the I was only 19 years Watts Riots in Los Angeles old, but I knew I’d been resulted in 34 deaths, 1,032 drinking from that arrests and $40 million in Abdul-Jabbar’s life was changed by reading Malcolm X. dirty glass most my damage. PHOTO BY OZIER MUHAMMAD life. I had spent the last few This was a time when years in high school trying to most black Americans were holding their glass figure out where I, a teenage kid known for playing of water up to the light and saying they were basketball, fit in to the civil rights movement.

PHOTO COURTESY OF THE NBA

PAGE 28

THE SIXTIES

Wednesday, June 28, 2017

April 26,26, 2017 ?30 Wednesday, April 2017| | ?30 Wednesday,

I knew I knewwhere whereI didn’t I didn’tfitfitin, in,and andthat that was waswith withthe theCatholic CatholicChurch. Church.I abandoned I abandoned my myCatholic Catholicupbringing upbringingthe themoment momentI left I left New NewYork Yorkfor forUCLA, UCLA,because becauseI’d I’dfelt feltasasifif itithad hadlong longago agoabandoned abandonedme meand andallallblack black Americans. Americans.ItItabandoned abandonedususwhen whenititfound found biblical biblicaljustification justificationfor forslavery. slavery.ItItabanabandoned us when it promoted doned us when it promoteda acurriculum curriculum ininitsitsschools, schools,which whichI grew I grewupupattending, attending, that refused to acknowledge that refused to acknowledgeany anyhistorical historical accomplishments accomplishmentsofofpeople peopleofofcolor. color. “The “TheAutobiography AutobiographyofofMalcolm MalcolmX” X” opened openedme meupuptotoanother anotherpossibility: possibility:Islam. Islam. I knew I knewthat thatbetween between1515and and3030percent percentofof African Africanslaves slaveshad hadbeen beenMuslim, Muslim,sosoexplorexploring ingIslam Islamwas wasa away wayfor forme metotoconnect connectwith with my myAfrican Africanroots, roots,which whichfelt feltmuch muchmore more comfortable comfortableand andauthentic authenticthan thanChristianChristianity, ity,which whichhad hadhistorically historicallydevalued devaluedmy my ancestors. ancestors.After Afterseveral severalyears yearsofofstudying studying Islam, Islam,I decided I decidedthat thatcontinucontinuing to use my given ing to use my givenname, name, Alcindor, Alcindor,meant meantthat that every everyaccomplishment accomplishment I achieved I achievedsomehow somehow honored honoredthe theslaveslaveholder holderwho whohad hadowned owned my myancestors. ancestors.ConseConsequently, quently,I changed I changedmy my name nametotoKareem KareemAbdulAbdulJabbar Jabbar(“noble (“nobleservant servantofof the themighty mightyone”). one”). When WhenI converted I convertedtotoIslam Islaminin1968, 1968, there were only about a million there were only about a millionMuslims Muslimsinin America. America. There Therewere weresosofew fewininthis thiscountry countrythat thatmost most Americans Americans——black blackand andwhite white——were wereeither either vaguely vaguelyaware awareofofitsitsexistence existenceasassome somesort sort ofofexotic exoticbut butprimitive primitivebelief, belief,ororwere wereopenly openly hostile hostilebecause becauseofofwhat whatthey’d they’dheard heardabout about the theNation NationofofIslam. Islam.I,I,too, too,was wasapproached approached bybya aprominent prominentmember memberofofthe theNation Nation ofofIslam, Islam,heavyweight heavyweightboxing boxingchampion champion Muhammad MuhammadAli. Ali.He Hedidn’t didn’tpressure pressureme metoto join, join,but buthehedid didexplain explainwhy whyhehefelt feltthat thatthey they were weredesirable: desirable:Not Notonly onlydid didthey theyprofess profess Islam, Islam,but butthey theywere wereananaggressive aggressivepolitical political entity fighting racism in America. entity fighting racism in America. But ButI had I hadalready alreadycome cometotothe thesame sameconcluconclusion that Malcolm X had when he sion that Malcolm X had when hequit quitthe the Nation NationofofIslam, Islam,that thatthey theywere wereevolving evolvinginto into a athuggish thuggishcult cultmore moreinterested interestedininpower power than thanthe thespirit. spirit.His Hispilgrimage pilgrimagetotoMecca Meccahad had changed changedhis hismind mindabout aboutthe theinevitability inevitabilityofof racism racismininAmerica. America.AsAshehewrote wroteinina aletter letter

Abdul-Jabbar dominated college basketball in in the 1960s while atat UCLA: Abdul-Jabbar dominated college basketball the 1960s while UCLA: HeHewas ROBERT wasa record a recordthree-time three-timeMVP MVPofofthe theNCAA NCAATournament. Tournament. ROBERT ABBOTT SENGSTACKE ABBOTT SENGSTACKE

Abdul-Jabbar Abdul-Jabbar started hishis NBA started NBA career with career with the Milwaukee the Milwaukee Bucks. PHOTO BYBY Bucks. PHOTO ROBERT TAITAI ROBERT

home hometotohis hisfriends friendsininHarlem: Harlem:“You “Youmay maybebe shocked shockedbybythese thesewords wordscoming comingfrom fromme. me. But Butononthis thispilgrimage, pilgrimage,what whatI have I haveseen, seen, and andexperienced, experienced,has hasforced forcedme metotorearrange rearrange much of my thought-patterns much of my thought-patternspreviously previously held, held,and andtototoss tossaside asidesome someofofmy myprevious previous conclusions … I could see … that conclusions … I could see … thatperhaps perhapsifif white whiteAmericans Americanscould couldaccept acceptthe theOneness Oneness ofofGod, God,then thenperhaps, perhaps,too, too,they theycould couldaccept accept ininreality realitythe theOneness OnenessofofMan Man——and andcease cease totomeasure, measure,and andhinder, hinder,and andharm harmothers othersinin terms termsofoftheir their‘differences’ ‘differences’inincolor.” color.”Like Like Malcolm, Malcolm,I chose I chosetotoembrace embracethe themore moretratraditional ditionalteachings teachingsofofIslam Islammeant meanttotolead leadusus totounderstanding understandingour ourneighbors neighborsand andliving living peaceful, peaceful,moral morallives. lives.

Seeking Seekingunderstanding understanding

Because BecauseI was I wassuch sucha afamous famoussports sportscelebrity, celebrity, my conversion to Islam threw a bright my conversion to Islam threw a brightspotlight spotlight ononthe thereligion. religion.My Myteammates teammatesatatUCLA UCLAand and

Wednesday, June 28, 2017

THE SIXTIES

PAGE 29

| |Wednesday, April 26,26, 2017 Wednesday, April 2017 ?31 ?31

later laterthe theMilwaukee MilwaukeeBucks Buckswere weremostly mostlycuricurious ousand andsupportive. supportive.The Thepublic publicwas wasdivided. divided. Some Somewere werelike likemy myteammates. teammates.Islam, Islam,huh? huh? What’s that all about? But others What’s that all about? But othersreacted reacted asasififI had I hadjust justgut-punched gut-punchedAmerica Americaand and everything it stood for. They wanted everything it stood for. They wantedme metotobebe the theposter posterchild childfor forthe theGood GoodNegro, Negro,a ashinshining ingexample exampleofofhow howAmerica Americaisisliving livingupuptoto itsitspromise promiseofofequal equalopportunity opportunityfor forall. all.The The proof proofwas washow howmuch muchglory gloryand andmoney moneyAmerAmerica icahad hadheaped heapedononme. me. They Theywere werewrong. wrong.My Myconversion conversionwas wasabout about me mefinding findingmy myplace placeininAmerica Americabybyconnectconnecting ingwith withmy mycultural culturalheritage. heritage.I was I wasgrateful grateful that thatI lived I livedinina acounty countywhere whereI could I coulddodothat. that. Yes, Yes,I rejected I rejectedthat thatAmerica Americawas wasa aplace placeofof equal equalopportunity opportunity——asashundreds hundredsofofstudies studies have shown — but I believed have shown — but I believedititdeeply deeplywanted wanted totobebea aplace placeofofequal equalopportunity opportunityand andthat thatwe we were striving to become that place. were striving to become that place. Yet, Yet,despite despitethe theoutrage outrageofofa avocal vocalfew, few, many manyAmericans Americanssupported supportedmy mydecision, decision,ororatat least leastdidn’t didn’tcare. care. Things Thingsare areradically radicallydifferent differenttoday. today.Back Back ininthe the1960s, 1960s,those thosemillion millionMuslims Muslimscame came from fromboth bothimmigrants immigrantsand andblack blackAmericans Americans like likemyself myselfwho whowanted wantedtotobelong belongtotoa areligion religion that thatreflected reflectedtheir theircultural culturalroots. roots.Today, Today, according accordingtotothe thePew PewResearch ResearchCenter, Center,there there are about 3.3 million Muslims and are about 3.3 million Muslims andbyby2050, 2050, there therewill willbebe8.1 8.1million. million.The Thenumbers numbersare are growing, in part because it is a growing, in part because it is areligion religionthat that tends tendstotoencourage encouragehaving havingmore morechildren children and andininpart partbecause becausewe wehave havemore moreMuslim Muslim immigrants. immigrants.

Today’s Today’sclimate climate Unfortunately, Unfortunately,the theincrease increaseininthe theMuslim Muslim population populationhas hasbrought broughtwith withititananincrease increase ininfear fearfrom fromwhite whitenon-Muslims non-MuslimsininAmerica. America. When WhenI was I wasconverting convertingtotoIslam Islamininthe the1960s, 1960s, news newswas wasspread spreadthrough throughonly onlya ahandful handfulofof television televisionstations, stations,radio radioand andnewspapers. newspapers. Today, with 24-hour news Today, with 24-hour newsoutlets outletsonline onlineand and ononcable, every act of terrorist violence cable, every act of terrorist violenceanyanywhere whereininthe theworld worldbecomes becomeshammered hammeredatatthe the public publicallallday dayononphones, phones,computers, computers,TVs TVsand and even evenwatches. watches. This Thismagnifies magnifiesthe theanxiety anxietyofofthe thepublic publicway way

Abdul-Jabbar converted toto Islam in in 1968. His teammates atat UCLA and in in Milwaukee were largely supportive. COURTESY OFOF THE Abdul-Jabbar converted Islam 1968. His teammates UCLA and Milwaukee were largely supportive. COURTESY THE MILWAUKEE BUCKS MILWAUKEE BUCKS

beyond beyondthe theactual actualthreat threatlevel. level.The Themedia media becomes becomesa amirror mirrorininwhich whichobjects objectsappear appear much muchcloser closerthan thanthey theyare. are.Five Fivepeople peoplekilled killed bybyradical terrorists in Libya can seem radical terrorists in Libya can seemlike like5050 killed killedininyour yourown ownsuburban suburbanneighborhood. neighborhood. InInthat irrational national that irrational nationalatmosphere, atmosphere, Muslim-Americans Muslim-Americansface facemuch muchmore morescrutiny scrutiny than thanthey theydid didwhen whenI converted. I converted. It’s It’smuch muchharder harderfor forusustotojust justlive liveour ourlives, lives, dodoour ourjobs, jobs,raise raiseour ourchildren childrenand andbebegood good neighbors, neighbors,because becausesosomany manyfearful fearfulAmeriAmericans, cans,their theirparanoia paranoiafueled fueledbybya axenophobic xenophobic President PresidentTrump, Trump,are arestudying studyingususfor forany anysign sign that thatwe weare aresecret secretterrorists terroristsjust justwaiting waitingtoto spring springinto intosome someviolent violentaction. action. Fortunately, Fortunately,there thereare aresosomany manymore more Americans Americanswho whotreasure treasurethe thewords wordsofofthe theU.S. U.S. Constitution that prohibit discrimination Constitution that prohibit discrimination based basedononreligious religiousbelief beliefororethnic ethnicorigin. origin.

These Theseare arethe thekinds kindsofofopen-minded, open-minded, patriotic people our patriotic people ourFounding FoundingFathers, Fathers, immigrants immigrantsand andsons sonsofofimmigrants, immigrants,looked looked totoasasthe thehope hopeofofthe thefuture. future. And Andthese theseare arethe thepeople peoplethat thatMuslimMuslimAmericans Americansalso alsolook looktotoininorder ordertotojoin join together togetherasasone onegroup: group:Americans. Americans. Kareem KareemAbdul-Jabbar Abdul-Jabbarisisthe theNBA’s NBA’sallalltime timeleading leadingscorer scorerand anda asix-time six-timeNBA NBA champion. champion.He Heisisalso alsoone oneofofa ahandful handfulofof influential influentialand andrespected respectedblack blackmen meninin America who has a national platform America who has a national platformasas a aregular regularcontributing contributingcolumnist columnistfor forThe The Washington Post and Time Magazine, Washington Post and Time Magazine,where where heheshares shareshis histhoughts thoughtsononsome someofofthe themost most socially sociallyrelevant relevantand andpolitically politicallycontrovercontroversial sialtopics topicsfacing facingour ournation nationtoday. today.Visit Visithis his website, website,kareemabduljabbar.com. kareemabduljabbar.com.

Things Thingsare areradically radicallydifferent differenttoday. today.Back Backininthe the1960s, 1960s,those thosemillion millionMuslims Muslimscame camefrom fromboth both immigrants immigrantsand andblack blackAmericans Americanslike likemyself myselfwho whowanted wantedtotobelong belongtotoaareligion religionthat thatreflected reflected their theircultural culturalroots. roots.

THE SIXTIES

PAGE 30 ##

Wednesday, June 28, 2017

From classic moments in pop culture to political tension to tra From classic mo decade that seemed like something newsworthy was happenin decade that see Here’s a look at some of the most notable events in each year. Here’s a look at

AUTOMATIC_FOLIO_WILL_APPEAR_HERE

June

bits Earth space. Alan t American in

February 19 June

April 12

February 7 February 19

March

February 7

March 19

March

January 14 March 19

March 16

January 1

Rachel Carson's “Silent Spring” begins “The Feminine Mystique” comes out. The Beatles arrive in the United States Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Texas Western defeats Kentucky in the The Human Be-In takes place in Golden American troops kill hundre serialization inCosmonaut The New Yorker; it is book dispells“Silent the myth ahead of their“The appearance onMystique” the Christian Council lead NCAA championship is the Gate Park, San Francisco, the unarmed civiliB Yuri Gagarin orbits Betty Earth Friedan’s Rachel Carson's Spring” begins Feminine comes out. Leadership The Beatles arrive inathe United States Martin game. Luther ItKing Jr. first and the Southern Texas Westernsetting defeats Kentucky in the Vietnamese The Human released as a book Sept. 27 in the U.S., space. that all women were happy serving concerts indispells the protest from of Selma, to on the basketball championship to featureCouncil a stage Summer of Love. The Massacre. storS as theonfirst person in outer Alan serialization in The New in Yorker; “Ed it is Sullivan Show” Betty and Friedan’s book mythmarch ahead their Alabama, appearance Christian Leadership lead a for theNCAA championship game. It isMy theLai first GateThe Park, giving rise to the modern environmentaltraditional roles inside home. D.C. New York City. the state Montgomery. Theconcerts team black starters. summer’s soundtrack, The to feature publicain November a Shepard becomes the first American in released as the a book on Sept. 27 inWashington, the U.S., thatand all women were happy serving in capital “Ed of Sullivan Show” and in with fiveprotest march from Selma, Alabama, to unofficial basketball championship stage1969 for th ist movement.space on May 5, 1961. march, designed to draw attention Beatles’ Pepper’s Lonely Hearts suppor giving rise to the modern environmentaltraditional roles inside the home. Washington, D.C. and to New York City. the state capital of Montgomery. The “Sgt. team with five black starters. undermine public summer’s voting discrimination, is met by protest. Club Band,” is released June 1. efforts in Vietnam. ist movement. march, designed to draw attention to Beatles’ “S

n takes place. s trained by the essfully tries to hrow Fidel Castro.

May 9

voting discrimination, is met by protest.

April 17

Club Band

The Bay of Pigs Invasion takes place. A group of Cuban exiles trained by the United States unsuccessfully tries to invade Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro.

October 1 May 4

August 28 October 1

March 9

March 8

August 28

March 9

June 30

March 8

January 15 June 30

April 4

Janu

gin interstate James Meredith enrolls as the first AfriThe Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The first Mustang rolls off the assemSome 3,500 U.S. Marines arrive in Da The National Organization for The Green Bay Packers defeat the Martin Luther King st segregation. can-AmericanFreedom student at the University delivers his “IJames Have A Dream” enrolls speech as in the first bly line Motor Company. South Vietnam, the off the Women in the first football for Memphis, Tenness The U.S. Food and Riders begin interstate Meredith Afri-at Ford The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther KingNang, Jr. The first becoming Mustang rolls assem- is founded. Some 3,500 U.S. Marines arriveKansas in Da City Chiefs The National Organization The G s firebombed There were riots that Washington, can-American D.C. The speech was given first American ground troops championship game between the support a sanitat Drug Administration of Mississippi.bus rides to protest segregation. student at the University delivers his “I Have A Dream” speech in bly line atcombat Ford Motor Company. Nang, South Vietnam, becoming the Women is founded. Kan abama, and forced the government to send troops to at the Lincoln Memorial during the in Vietnam. winners of the NFL and AFL. The game approves the world’s On May 14 a bus is firebombed of Mississippi. There were riots that Washington, D.C. The speech was given first American ground combat troops cha are beaten the campus. Meredith graduates Jobs would come to be known as the first commercially near Anniston, Alabama, and March on Washington forced thefor government to send troops to at the Lincoln Memorial during the in Vietnam. win members. a year later. Freedom Riders are beaten and Freedom.the campus. Meredith graduates Super Bowl. manufactured oral March on Washington for Jobs wo contraceptive pill.

by Ku Klux Klan members.

a year later.

and Freedom.

961 1963 1965 1964 1966 1965 1967 1966 1 1960 1962 1961 1963 1962 1964 October 16-28 The Cuban Missile Crisis takes place over 13 days after the Soviet Union puts nuclear missiles in Cuba. The United States agrees not to invade Cuba and the Soviet Union removes the missiles.

August 13

September 15 October 16-28

uilding the Berlin d West Berlin. East Germany begins building the Berlin The first televised r almost 30 years Wall separating East and West Berlin. presidential debate takes d in 1990. The wall would stand for almost 30 years place between Vice before Germany reunited in 1990. President Richard Nixon and U.S. Sen. John F. Kennedy. Kennedy would go on to win the 1960 presidential election, in part due to his strong a 50-megaPresident John F. Kennedy is shot and showing on the a test. killed as his motorcade drives through The Soviet Union detonates a 50-megavisual medium. Dealey Plaza in Dallas. Two days later, tons yield hydrogen bomb in a test. suspected assassin Lee Harvey Oswald It remains the largest ever is shot in Dallas by Jack Ruby on man-made explosion. live television.

September 26

October 30

November 22

20 17

July 2

August 6

September 15

July 2

September 8 August 6

July 23-31 September 8

June 5

Robert Kennedy The bombing of 16th Street Baptist President Lyndon Johnson signs the The Voting Rights Act is passed. An “Star Trek” debuts on NBC. In Detroit, one of the worst riots Church in Birmingham, Alabama, kills takesCivil Rights Act, was of introduced extension of thePresident Civil Rights Act ofJohnson 1964, signs the in An United States history begins onon NBC. Angeles after win The Cuban Missile Crisis place Thewhich bombing 16th Street Baptist Lyndon The Voting Rights Act is passed. “Star Trek” debuts In presidential prim four children and injures 22 others. by President Kennedy. The act ends it bans discriminatory voting practices. 12th Street in the predominantly over 13 days after the Soviet Union puts Church in Birmingham, Alabama, kills Civil Rights Act, which was introduced extension of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in U segregation infour public places and bans 22 others. African-American inner city: 43 are nuclear missiles in Cuba. The United children and injures by President Kennedy. The act ends it bans discriminatory voting practices. 12th discrimination based on race, color, killed, hundreds injured and thousands States agrees not to invade Cuba and segregation in public places and bans Afric of buildings burned. Race riots in the Soviet Union removes the religion, missiles.sex or national origin. discrimination based on race, color, killed Milwaukee and Washington, D.C., religion, sex or national origin. of bu soon follow. Milwa soon fo

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August 7

November 22

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is passed, allowing for increased PresidentAmerican John F. Kennedy is shot and military actionkilled in Vietnam. as his motorcade drives through Dealey Plaza in Dallas. Two days later, suspected assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is shot in Dallas by Jack Ruby on live television.

August 7

November 8

Former actor and future president Reagan wins the election to The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Ronald is passed, become governor of California. allowing for increased American military action in Vietnam.

August 30 November 8

August 22-30 August 3

Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as Police clash with anti-war a Supreme Court justice. Marshall, in Chicago outside the Dem Former actor and future president Thurgood Ma appointed by President Johnson, is the the election National Convention. TheCo rio Ronald Reagan wins to a Supreme first African-American Supreme of Court subsequent trials were an become governor California. appointed byes P nominee and justice. part of the activism of the Yo first African-Am International Party. nominee and ju

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PAGE 31

G SL O TO AM TH ME E R

Wednesday, June 28, 2017

August 15-18 July 23-31 June 5

June 5

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August 15-18 August 15-18

is assassinated in Los The Woodstock Music nning the California Robert Kennedy is assassinated Robert Kennedy in Losis assassinated in Los MusicThe Woodstock Music Festival held in Bethel, BC. Detroit, one of the worst In Detroit, riots one ofisthe worst riots The Woodstock mary. Angeles after the California after winning Festival the California New drawing hundreds United States history in United begins States on York, history begins on winningAngeles is held in Bethel, Festival is held in Bethel, presidential primary. presidential primary. of thousands of people to see h Street in the predominantly 12th Street in the predominantly New York, drawing hundreds New York, drawing hundreds legendary performances. can-American inner African-American city: 43 are inner city: 43 are of thousands of people of to thousands see of people to see d, hundreds injured killed, andhundreds thousands injured and thousands legendary performances. legendary performances. uildings burned. Race of buildings riots in burned. Race riots in aukee and Washington, Milwaukee D.C.,and Washington, D.C., ollow. soon follow.

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December 1 protesters The30 first military draft lottery 30 August August 22-30 August 22-30 December 1

December 1

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| Wednesday, April 26, 2017

TABLE of CONTENTS Northfield News

THIS IS A PUBLICATION OF XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Faribault Daily News

A s p e c ia l p ro je c t o f th e Faribault ail Ne s 5 1 4 C e n tra l A v e n u e , Faribault, N 55021 P u b lis h e r SAM GETT

UNPRECEDENTEDA sEVENTS p e c ia l p ro je c

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The events of the 1960s were much more explosive than North eld Ne s our recent times have been. For as much as 2016 felt like 1 1 5 5 th S tre e t W , the country was coming apart at the seams on some level, N 55057 with all its it paled in comparison North to 1968,eld, for example, P u b l i s h and e r a war in the streets of riots, multiple assassinations Chicago at the DNC. Earlier, you had the JFK assassination, CHAD HJELLMING the Cuban Missile Crisis, the horrors of Montgomery and the long summers in 1964. THE SIXTIES, une 2017 is distributed to subscribers andSelma, readers o and the North eld Nehot s and Faribault of ail riots Ne sbeginning at no additional char e. ll ad ertisin contained herein is the res onsibilit o the ad ertisers. ll ri hts reser ed. 2017.

Complete auto repair and tire CHART-TOPPERS service and well as transmission repair specialists including all make and models.

23 25

The top 20 songs of the decade, according to Billboard.

SIGNS OF THE SIXTIES 910 Hwy. 3 N. • Northfield, MN 55057 Literal icons of the decade and what they meant. (next to the Dairy Queen)

THE SIXTIES

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Wednesday, June 28, 2017

JULY 18-23, 2017 FARIBAULT, MINNESOTA

Free Fair Admission · Daily Parking $5 www.ricecountyfair.net

Pro Dirt Jam

WEDNESDAY JULY 19, 2017 6:30 PM • $5 / 13 & Under Free

Barnes PRCA Rodeo FRIDAY JULY 21, 2017 7:00 PM

Demolition Derby

SUNDAY JULY 23, 2017 4:00 PM

FREE ENTERTAINMENT Queen Coronation Faribault Community Band performance after Coronation TUESDAY JULY 18, 2017 - 7:00 PM - Sellner Stage

Jolly P’s

WEDNESDAY JULY 19, 2017 - 2:00 to 5:00 PM - Sellner Stage

Whitesidewalls

THURSDAY JULY 20, 2017 - 6:00 to 10:00 PM - Sellner Stage

Brad Boice

FRIDAY JULY 21, 2017 - 7:00 to 9:00 PM - Sellner Stage

La Raza

Eduro Auto Races Compact and Full Size THURSDAY JULY 20, 2017 6:00 PM

NTPA Truck & Tractor Pull

SATURDAY JULY 22, 2017 6:30 PM

SATURDAY JULY 22, 2017 - 8:00 PM - Sellner Stage

Stardust Circus Performing Daily

Tuey the Juggler Performing Daily

Mitchell Marionettes Performing Daily

Brodini Family Comedy and Magic Show Performing Daily

Mitch and Diana

Visit the Rice County Fair’s website for more information.

THURSDAY JULY 20, 2017 - 8:00 PM - Beer Garden

Devon Worley Band

FRIDAY JULY 21, 2017 - 8:00 PM - Beer Garden

Mr. Peabody

SATURDAY JULY 22, 2017 - 8:00 PM - Beer Garden