management T of al-Khalifa neighbourhood

7. Identification of Management Issues

7.1. Identification and Analysis of Key Stakeholders38

In Figure 1, key stakeholders were identified and mapped, and key active actors were also highlighted. They were later divided according to their power of managing al-Khalifa Street Area and according to their interest in the area. This was done in order to be able to define the engagement strategy for each stakeholder.

Figure 39 Stakeholder mapping. Stakeholders highlighted in bold are key actors that are actively involved in the management of al-Khalifa neighbourhood (Source: Authors).

38 More on the roles of each entity can be found on the following online portal prepared by Tadamun: [http://www.tadamun.co/ﻙﺗﻣﻭﻛﺣ-ﻑﺭﻋﺍ/]

Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities39 (MoTA):

A key actor of the whole area of al-Khalifa is located within the boundaries of Historic Cairo’s WH Property40 . Within the ministry, there are some key sub-divisions or management bodies that should be mentioned:

Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA): Runs the general secretariat sector of MoTA. The sector is the administrative arm of the council.

Permanent Committee of Egyptian Antiquities: Brings together key persons within the ministry, as well as professional and academic experts. The head of the committee is the General Secretary of the Supreme Council of Antiquities.

Historic Cairo Directorate: Part of the minister’s office and is responsible for the coordination of all activities within the limits of Historic Cairo’s WH Property. The directorate is normally supported by the technical assistants of the minister’s office.

Directorate of Organizations and International Relations: Part of the minister’s office that is responsible for international relations and funds’ negotiations.

Projects Sector: Responsible for implementing and supervising projects by the Ministry of Antiquities.

Islamic and Coptic Monuments Sector: Responsible for all Islamic and Coptic monuments through the Inspection Directorate (although all monuments in al-Khalifa are Islamic). It is responsible for the daily inspection and monitoring of monuments.

With regards to the tourism40F 41 side of the ministry, the following administrative bodies are involved in heritage management. In general, the tourism arm helps in promoting tourism in the country, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating tourism performance.

Sector of Touristic Buildings and Hotels: Regulates issuing licenses and monitors quality.

Sector of Touristic Companies and Guides: Responsible for issuing licenses for tour guides and companies providing services to tourists, and for regulating touristic transportation.

General Authority of Tourism Promotion: Responsible for touristic promotion activities, producing and disseminating touristic information and organizing touristic promotion events.

General Authority of Tourism Development: Primarily works in specific sectors outside of Cairo but also has a role in the development of some parts of Historic Cairo through financial and technical support.

39 This used to be a separate ministry, under the title of the Ministry of Antiquities, until 2019. 40 See Report One, Al-Khalifa Study Area, Citizen Participation in Historic Cairo Project. Build Environment Collective, Ford Foundation. April2019. 41 This used to be a separateministry, under the title of the Ministry of Tourism,until 2019.

Cairo Governorate (CG): The governorate of Cairo has full authority on the district level to manage the daily activities within the neighbourhood other than the activities carried out by MoTA. For example, it is responsible for restoration and demolition permissions and for all buildings except heritage buildings listed by NOUH and monuments listed by SCA. The following are its key sub-divisions/management bodies:

Al-Khalifa District and al-Sayyida Zaynab District: The majority of the neighbourhood is under the authority of al-Khalifa district and part of it belongs to al-Sayyida Zaynab District Authority. The district administration issues demolition decrees and building permits. They also monitor the economic activities and manage and maintain open spaces. The district is also responsible for monitoring waste collection activities.

Heritage Conservation General Directorate: Responsible for facilitating governorate work in relation to monuments, and coordinates this with MoTA.

Housing Directorate: Responsible for the projects and constructions by the governorate. Responsible also for the supervision of the implementation of al-Khalifa Environmental Heritage Park.

Cleaning and Beatification Authority Housing Directorate: The responsible body for cleaning open spaces and streets and managing and maintaining open green spaces.

Ministry of Culture (MoC): Responsible for cultural events within the country through various sub-divisions.

National Organization for Urban Harmony (NOUH): A key actor within Historic Cairo as it is responsible for identifying buildings of peculiar value and issuing and monitoring building regulations for buildings, open spaces and streets within listed areas of significant value such as Historic Cairo.

Cultural Development Fund: Funds cultural events supporting intangible heritage and initiatives supporting adaptive reuse of monuments into creativity centres. 17 monuments have been rehabilitated already.

Intangible Cultural Heritage Safeguarding Unit: Preparing national studies and work on safeguarding intangible cultural heritage and coordinating with UNESCO in light of the 2003 convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Supreme Council of Culture: Assists with strategic planning for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage through its committee of folkloric arts and intangible cultural heritage.

Ministry of Endowments42: The ministry is directly responsible for managing and maintaining all mosques in Egypt and managing endowment assets through the Authority of Endowments. The properties inventory of the authority is complex, and there is normally an issue of dispute between the ministry and citizens or other governmental bodies.

42 See Bakhoum, Dina & URHC. “Awqaf Properties: Maintenance and Management", Urban Regeneration project for Historic Cairo –UNESCO, World Heritage Centre, 2014.

Authority of Endowments: Responsible for managing endowment assets. A lot of buildings and plots within Historic Cairo are endowments. The authority collects rent from people living in buildings that are on endowment lands.

Ministry of Housing and New Communities (MoH):

The ministry is responsible for providing housing and related utilities and services. In Historic Cairo, the ministry is responsible for the development of some development projects of Historic Cairo Development. Moreover, MoH is responsible for the redevelopment of the listed unsafe informal areas, in partnership with Informal Settlements Development Fund (ISDF). Utilities such as telephones, natural gas, water and electricity are provided by public companies but managed and coordinated with the Ministry of Housing.

General Organization of Physical Planning Authority (GOPP): This is often a partner in Historic Cairo Development projects. It normally plays a role during the planning and preparation of projects or acts as a technical reference.

Holding Company of Water and Sanitation: In addition to its normal role, a special role it has is participating in projects related to the groundwater affecting all of Historic Cairo.

New Urban Communities Authority: It is normally not a partner on projects implemented within existing cities or urban areas, but since the modification of its Law42F 43 in 2017 it is now responsible for the redevelopment of areas listed as ‘redevelopment’ areas, meaning all areas within Historic Cairo that are listed as informal areas.

Executive Council of Fatimid and Islamic Cairo Renewal: This is part of the Central Agency for Reconstruction. The council is responsible for the supervision of project implementation commissioned by MoH and participates in restoration projects with MoTA.

Local Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs):

In al-Khalifa district, according to the website of the Ministry of Social Solidarity (MoSS), there are 96 NGOs in total, and around 14 are located within al-Khalifa Street Area. The main activity of 82% of the NGOs involves social assistance as well as cultural, educational and religious services. The ratio drops to 71% in al-Khalifa Street Area. Regarding the nature of the NGOs located in al-Khalifa Street Area, five are of religious oriented activities, three serve special communities from specific rural cities or work in specific sectors, one is politically oriented, another one serves women and four serve the general public. From the experience of Athar Lina Initiative, the actual presence of NGOs, or their willingness to cooperate in development activities, varies. Some NGOs are very present with strong connections to the community, while others exist without any real significant present in the neighbourhood43F 44 .

Athar Lina Initiative44F 45: The initiative is well imbedded within the neighbourhood through its running programs. Its strongest connection occurred by establishing al-Khalifa Community Centre and running its activities. Since the Initiative’s headquarter is also based in the

43 Law of New Settlements Development 59/1979. 44 NGOs that have presence in the community, or a connection with Athar Lina Initiative, are al-Quran NGO and al-Nasab al-Sharif NGO. 45 See “5. Previous and Ongoing Projects in Relation to the Extended Study Area” in Report One of CPHC.