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Cover Story
Hisener Industrial Co., Ltd. New Plant to be Completed in August by Dean Tseng, Fastener World
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Elevated Capacity in 2021
Hisener mainly provides screws. In the last two years it exported a total of 87 thousand tons of screws, up 17%. Now it has become one of the biggest fastener suppliers in the world, offering clients over 4 thousand types of fasteners sold to Europe (35%), Russia (25%), the U.S.(20%) and South America (15%). It also works with overseas distributors and provides clients with prompt service and premium products, including Timber Screws which sell well in the European DIY market.
It has its own screw factory, packaging line for DIY products and a warehouse. The company can pack 50 containers of products per month. It uses heading machines, thread rolling machines, thread cutting machines, drill forming machines and other equipment purchased from Taiwan. It has dimension measuring instruments, metallurgy analyzers, mechanical testers and surface analyzers in its laboratory for quality inspection to control product quality. In our interview with General Manager Simon Liang, he brought good news that a new plant broke ground last September and is expected to be completed this August. The new plant will be 26,000 square meters and raise screw capacity to 1,500 tons per month, lifting Hisener to a higher market position.
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Over a Hundred Select Partnering Firms Strict Quality Control
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The company has 150 partnering firms carefully chosen to help speed up delivery and send products to buyers faster. It offers inventory specifically for Chinese clients so that they can get their cargoes quicker when their demand is urgent.
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All the production process is certified to ISO9001 and re-audited and adjusted every year to strictly monitor and control each production process via a digitalized ERP system. It is also certified to CE EN14592 on structural fasteners and CE EN 14566 on mechanical fasteners, and therefore its products are popular among European clients.
Going for Smart Factory Improved Price Competitiveness
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Simon wants to build his company into a futuristic smart factory. Ever since he adopted an automatic inventory system, the company has successfully integrated the whole production process, which greatly reduces logistics costs and improves operating efficiency of the plant to make products more competitive. “We will continue to go further down the fastener industry and invest more in R&D, production, and DIY product packaging. We always put our clients first and continuously offer them better service to add up their values.” Contact: General Manager Simon Liang
E-mail: simon@hisener.com
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by Gang Hao Chang, Vice Editor-in-Chief of Fastener World
Development & Manufacture of High Quality Cold Forging Dies
Company Focus
Wujin Luoyang Yaoshengda Hardware Products Factory (“Yaoshengda”) is specialized in the manufacture of cold forging dies/bolt dies/nut dies and non-standard cold forged fastener dies made from various materials, as well as design, development and manufacture of tungsten carbide dies and special dies. Over the past 20 years the stable and durable cold forging dies continue to create for Yaoshengda an impeccable high-quality image on the international market, help it gain lots of loyal customers, and increase its market share around the globe. “Creating value for customers, industries, and employees as well as keeping high quality and improving service for sustainable growth have been our core mission statement since our inception”, says Yaoshengda General Manager ZHAO Shou-Ze.
Introduction of Imported Materials and Being Certified to ISO9001:2015 Making no compromise over quality, the team of Yaoshengda ma i n ly a dopt s t u ngst en ca r bide wit h h ig h ha rd ness to manufacture products. They also introduce special steel materials from Germany that best suit various customers’ demands in production. Meanwhile, in order to achieve a highly advanced level of automation, controllability, and precision, many years ago Yaoshengda started to introduce sets of advanced imported equipment and nowadays it has had more than 100 sets of equipment such as Okuma CNC Lathes, Japanese Makino Sinker EDM EDGE3, Japanese Sodick Wire EDM, Taiwan Jagura Grinding Machine, and many other highly precision equipment. The originally separately operating factories have been recently integrated as well. The resultant high manufacturing efficiency enables it to provide customers with higher quality service. With relentless dedication to quality improvement, Yaoshangda has been also certified to the ISO9001:2015 quality management system.
Dies with 3 to 5 Times of Service Life / Extending Business Reach to Development of Cold Forged Parts
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Yaoshengda has been a well-known senior expert in the development and manufacture of cold forging dies. Compared to other counterparts, the service life of dies Yaoshengda supplies is averagely 3 to 5 times that of other similar dies, which can not only help customers reduce manufacturing costs, but also help them achieve stable product quality and lower management costs. With more than 2 decades of experience in dies development, it has also recently extended to manufacture and development of cold forged parts. Yaoshengda has also purchased cold forging equipment to help customers develop cold forged parts, nonstandard parts, stainless steel rivet nuts, weld nuts, automotive wheel hub nuts, wheel nuts, various stainless steel nuts and many other engine fasteners. It has also maintained collaboration with many automotive related plants and has earned a good reputation in Europe, USA, and the Middle East.
ADVANCE QUALITY SERVICE • CO-WIN Yaoshengda Contact: Mr. ZHAO Shou-Ze (General Manager)
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Year in Review Fastener World Magazines Jan. Issue • Cover Story: Inside SACMA - The Smartly Integrated Plant • Rising Star Chris Chen Guides Pro Power to Continuous Success • Fong Prean Industrial’s New “Magic Spiral” Head Design • Patented FMWT Automatic Sludge Discharging & Recycling Separator
Mar. Issue • Editorial: COVID Side Effects Continue to Distress the Whole World • COVID Impact on the Fastener Industry of Taiwan • Fastener Trade Statistics: USA/Canada/Japan/Taiwan (2017-2019) • Value for Money in Fasteners - Mass Market vs Specials
Fastener World Publications
• Cover Story: Yuh Chyang Hardware Industrial, Master of Critical CNC Machining Technology
May Issue • Up Against COVID-19, Taiwan Fasteners Can Help! • Besieged Between Trade War & COVID, Global Automakers in 2020 • EU/China Fastener Trade Statistics • Dr. Fastener- Electric Vehicle • Award-winning Automotive Fasteners by JINGFONG INDUSTRY
Year in Review
Jul. Issue • USMCA, Good or Bad News for Automotive Fastener Suppliers? • Revenue Performance of Top Taiwan Fastener Companies in 2019 • Taiwan Fastener Industry Before and After COVID-19 • Japanese Fastener Tech Trend: High-End, Migration & Industry 4.0 • Hsin Chang Hardware Industrial’s New Plant with Higher Lightweight Anchor Capacity
Sep. Issue • Taiwanese Fastener Business Successors’ Strategy Development • Fastener Industry’s Reflections on VW’s Dieselgate Scandal • The Impact of COVID-19 on Taiwan Hand Tool Industry • Financial Report Analysis on Taiwan's Public Fastener Companies • Courageous Taiwanese Fastener Corporate Manager - Super Cheng Industrial President Joe Cheng
Nov. Issue (Buyers’ Guide) • Interview with Global Fastener Association Presidents • Fastener Industry: Inspecting the Foundations Following COVID-19 • Vietnam’s Fastener Industry Development and Impact of EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement • Analysis of Car Production & Sales in Indonesia in 2020 • Cover Story: Sheng Long, Trailblazer in Special Punch Development
Fastener World Europe Special Edition 2019 Issue • Taiwanese Exhibitors at Fastener Fair Stuttgart 2019 • Atlas Distribution Services - Tailoring Fulfillment & Supply Chain Solutions to Maximize Your Import Experience
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2020
Year in Review China Fastener World Magazine Feb. Issue • Grand Metal Manufactory Rolls Out Clinching/Welding Fasteners • Analysis of U.S. Fastener Trade with China in 2019 • Quick Glance at EU’s Fastener Import and Export with China • How E-commerce Platforms Shape Fastener Marketing in China • Cover Story: Hisener, One of the World’s Largest Fastener Suppliers
Jun. Issue • South Africa's Fastener Safeguard Measure Investigation over Germany, USA, and China • On Construction Fastener Market • China's Fastener Trade Value Analysis • China’s Car Production and Sales (2019 to Feb. 2020) • High Valued-added Fasteners for Medical Applications
Oct. Issue • Smart Fastener Manufacturing • EU Car Production/Sales Amid COVID-19 • San Yung Electric Heat Machine’s Aluminum Alloy Treatment Furnace • Jingle-Tech Fasteners: One-stop Fastener Manufacturer & Trader • Jiaxing Goodway Relocating to a New Office
Hardware & Fastener Components Feb. Issue • Annual Financial Reports of Hand Tool & Tooling Companies • 2019 EU Fastening Tools Import and Export Statistics • U.S. Fastening Tools Trade with the World in 2019 • Reddot Design & Taiwan Excellence Awards Winners • Ing-Hwei Implements Mfg. Releases Extra Long Double Flexible Wrench
Aug. Issue • The Impact of COVID-19 on Taiwan Hand Tool Industry • Fastening Hand Tools Trade Statistics (2017-2019) • Market and Trade Analysis of Indian Hand Tools Industry • Exploring Hand Tool Market: Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia
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• New Atoli Machinery Office Serves Direct Clients with Riveting Machines
Emerging Fastener Markets Aug. Issue • Cover Story: Fastener Cornerstone Firm & Steady Through Market Storm - Linkwell Industry • Rise of Integrated Fastener Service Provider - Industry Building Hardware • King Yuan Dar Rolls out 3 Latest Furnace Products • Yeu Chyuan Industrial: New A200-600 Series DIY Glue Gun with Dual Color Handle Design
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For more articles, please visit our digital magazine archives at www.fastenerworld.com
Industry Focus
The Influence of RCEP on ASEAN’s Fastener Export
by Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
chain in the Asia-Pacific region. Thailand has an industrialized position in this region which can help its manufacturers get cheaper raw materials from the innovative network. The value of its fastener trade is 1585.1 million USD (1039.3 million USD is generated from its imported fasteners and 545.8 million USD is generated from its exported fasteners). The fastener trade balance (exported value vs. imported value) is -493.4 million USD.
How Could ASEAN Fastener Producers Improve with RCEP?
My prediction is: if Thai fastener producers can focus on innovative concepts in fasteners, then the main benefit of RCEP can help create a position for Thailand to become a new professional fastener country in the region, which will improve the average price of its exported fasteners.
Singapore Singapore is a hub of trading in the ASEAN region. It is marked as one of the biggest ports in the world. Based on this position, RCEP may not generate short-term advantages for Singaporean fastener industry, but in the long-term, it may become one of the most important fastener ports in the world. The value of Singapore’s fastener trade is 726.6 million USD (409.8 million USD is generated from its imported fasteners and 316.8 million USD is generated from its exported fasteners. The fastener trade balance (exported value vs. imported value) is -93.0 million USD. My prediction is: the fastener trade balance in this country will be close to 0 in the long term.
Thailand Different manufacturing sectors show various degrees of fastener consumption, which is particularly high in some sectors like “automobile” in this country. The fastener industry of Thailand may benefit from RCEP through improving its supply
Malaysia The majority of Malaysia’s foreign trade is with its RCEP members, so this agreement will definitely help Malaysian fastener producers and consumers establish a closer relationship with their partners. They are also able to provide higher quality of raw materials at fair prices. The value of its fastener trade is 693.2 million USD (395.0 million USD is generated from its imported fasteners and 298.2 million USD is generated from its exported fasteners). The fastener trade balance (exported value vs. imported value) is -96.8 million USD.
Indonesia Indonesia as the largest economy in the ASEAN region can absorb more FDI in the fastener sector.
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he Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has been formally signed in 2020 by the 10 ASEAN countries, China, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand and Australia. This agreement has been signed in a region with 3.4 billion people, which represent 40% of the world’s population. The GDP of these 15 countries is 38.8 trillion USD, which is 30% of the world’s total. This agreement can bring a huge opportunity for the members. An easier market access and less trade obstacles are some of the opportunities this agreement is expected to give to their members. In the fastener industry, technical cooperation with pioneers like Japan and South Korea will help ASEAN fastener producers develop their production lines. Regarding the international trade, ASEAN manufacturers can count on collaboration with China.
Industry Focus The value of its fastener trade is 615.6 million USD (538.4 million USD is generated from its imported fasteners and 77.2 million USD is generated from its exported fasteners). The fastener trade balance (exported value vs. imported value) is -461.2 million USD. Its export is 7 times less than its import; and therefore, it is highly recommended that Indonesian fastener producers should focus on the exported fastener sector, otherwise the engine of growth in this sector may stop.
Vietnam Vietnam is the 2nd largest fastener trader in the ASEAN region (Thailand is the first). The value of its fastener trade is 1030.7 million USD (575.7 million USD is generated from its imported fasteners and 455.0 million USD is generated from its exported fasteners. The fastener trade balance (exported valueimported value) is -120.7 million USD.
trade balance. The value of its fastener trade is 309.4 million USD (144.5 million USD is generated from its imported fasteners and 164.9 million USD is generated from its exported fasteners. The fastener trade balance (exported value vs. imported value) is +20.5 million USD.
ASEAN Overlook and Last Word ASEAN is a region with 5% share in the whole exported fasteners and 7.5% share in the whole imported fasteners in the world. The combined fastener trade numbers are shown as below. The value of the combined fastener trade is 5061.6 million USD (3203.2 million USD is generated from imported fasteners and 1858.4 million USD is generated from exported fasteners. The fastener trade balance (exported value vs. imported value) is -1344.8 million USD.
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RCEP may be able to help this region to improve its export value because the only way to make a wealthy country is to make money from going global. This agreement is a RCEP may give Vietnamese enterprises the chance to boost their new opportunity for fastener producers to have a “market exports, engage in new value chains, and attract further foreign without borders.” The name itself suggests the answer to investment. The cutting of import tariffs would also open up new the problem. No fastener manufacturer can get wealthy if opportunities for products from the fastener sector, all of which are it stays within its own borders. It can only get wealthy if it continually growing with rising export turnovers. ignores its own borders and markets brands to the rest of the world. RCEP covers 30% of the world’s total capacity; Philippines and therefore, it can be a good practice for ASEAN The trade scale of Philippines in the fastener industry is not huge, fastener manufacturers to proceed to their next steps, however, it is the only country in the ASEAN region with a positive fastener which is “Go global!”
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Advanced Certification Approved Company
The IATF 16949 Certified
Changzhou Ruibo Hardware
Extends to the Automotive Sector by Gang Hao Chang, Vice Editor-in-Chief of Fastener World
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hangzhou Ruibo Hardware Technology Co., Ltd. has acquired the IATF 16949 certification since the end of 2019. After being officially certified to ISO 9001:2015, Ruibo Hardware continues to improve its product quality and process management and has been recognized industry-wide.
eing a supplier specialized in offering products to SMEs from railway, automotive, military, textile, electric, machinery, aerospace, mining equipment, and high-voltage appliances industries, Ruibo Hardware mainly serves customers from China, Europe, USA, Japan, India, and Southeast Asia, and is dedicated to developing and producing various collars, stainless steel castings, cold forged parts, stamping, welded parts, CNC machined parts and non-standard or customized parts. Among these products, the CNC machined parts and stainless steel castings are developed particularly for car frames, seats, and motors, and have been adopted by some European and U.S. car manufacturers such as GM and Ford, and indirectly supplied to the fast-growing electric vehicle market. Ruibo Hardware also has another Grade 8.8 high-strength lockbolt and collar especially developed for the heavy industry, which features high stability and tight fastening capability. This product was once called by its customers as “a fastener that never comes loose.”
The Grade 8.8 High Strength Lockbolt and Collar- High Vibration, Shear, and Tension Resistance
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ith a wide knowledge of products, the team of Ruibo Hardware demonstrates unignorable R&D capabilities. Its previously developed Grade 8.8 high strength lockbolt and collar has been widely used in applications where the use of high-strength fastening products is required, such as railway, vehicles, mining equipment, construction steel structures, bridges, etc. This product is mainly used to connect car frames, which can not only eliminate stress, but also ensure tight fastening. In practical applications, its capabilities to quickly achieve effective and safe assembly , including excellent vibration, shear, and tension resistance, have been also testified by many users worldwide.
Strict PPAP3 Standards Compliant Inspection and Well-equipped Production Lines
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roduct quality, customer satisfaction, and honesty of a business have been the guidelines strictly abided by Ruibo Hardware for many years. In order to achieve perfect product quality and ensure the strict compliance of every product shipped from the factory with international standards and customers’ requirements, Ruibo Hardware continues to introduce into its factory the most stateof-the-art multistage cold formers, threading machines, general lathes, computerized lathes, processing centers, grinders, mills, wire cutters, automated welding machines and many other medium/large-size CNC processing centers, designate senior technical and executive staff to monitor each manufacturing process, and keep good quality control via its professional in-plant testing center. Its seamless integration and solid management starting from material feeding to final shipments both enable it to construct stable and long-term partnership and collaboration with many businesses around the world.
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pring Liu, general manager of Ruibo Hardware, said, “Since the establishment of Ruibo Hardware, we continue to bring our A game to meet customers’ quality standards, optimize our manufacturing technique, and offer customers high quality service. With the principles of quality & service first, reliable lead time, and aftersales service, we hope to fully satisfy customers’ requirements, which is the reason that over the past 11 years our collaboration with U.S. railway customers maintained the record of almost no customer complaint. Looking forward, we’ll keep improving our core competence and seek to provide more superior and efficient shipments. We also hope to delve more into the field of new energy vehicles and the R&D of stainless steel castings. In the new year of 2021, we’ll maintain continuous collaboration with global customers and grow with them with our development of high value-added products.”
Ruibo Hardware contact: Nancy Email: sales@ruibotechnology.com
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Industry Focus
The Influence of EU’s Fastener AD Dumping Investigation on China
by Behrooz Lotfian
European Industrial Fasteners Institute (EIFI), an association representing producers of bolts, screws, nuts, rivets and other mechanical industrial fasteners has complained that the imports of iron and steel fasteners from China have increased overall in absolute terms and in terms of market share. What are they looking for? The imposition of additional import duties on the products under investigation imported from the PRC, with a consequent increase of their prices.
The Battle of Fasteners The problem is simple. Chinese fastener producers pose threats to the market of Europe by their low-price strategy which we usually call a “flanking attack” in marketing. European manufacturers have lost their competitive advantages and lost their markets. However, in marketing, we believe that a higher price is not necessarily negative and there are many opportunities for high-price.
What is High Price? There are two good reasons why high price represents more of a marketing opportunity than low price. One is the tendency of the prospect to equate quality with price. "You get what you pay for." The other is the potential for higher profit margins with a higher price. The higher margins allow you to finance the critical "pursuit" stage of a flanking attack.
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Once the EU claims dumping, it means that their high prices are not appropriate with their quality cost and/or Chinese fastener quality is close to the European fastener quality.
When the story reaches to this point, if a manufacturer cannot make any difference for its product, then the price sensitivity becomes the main concern of buyers. This is exactly what happened to European fastener producers. They can’t sell their products because they don’t make any difference from cheaper Chinese fasteners. The most obvious form of flanking is low-price. The advantage of this approach is that the market is there. After all, everyone presumably wants to save money. Yet it's tough to make money by cutting prices.
How Can China Sell Their Products with Low Prices? In terms of exports, the numbers show that 35% of exported fasteners in the world are originated from the EU, while 16% of exported fasteners in the world are originated from China. EU’s export value is 2.17 times higher than China’s. In terms of imports, the numbers show that 29% of imported fasteners in the world are sold to the EU, while 7% of exported fasteners in the world are sold to China. EU’s import value is 4.43 times higher than China’s. (See the following table)
Fastener manufacturers believe that, in their business nothing matters except for the product.” That’s a typical fastener producers’ management thinking. This sounds logical and how could anyone disagree?
Unit: 1,000 USD
Export in 2019
Percentage
Import in 2019
Percentage
WORLD
39,988,430
100%
42,714,411
100%
EU
14,004,028
35%
12,583,424
29%
However, when you look at the situation from a fastener buyer’s point of view, the “better-product” logic falls apart. One could study through the catalogues of different fastener producers and compare similar fastener specifications, and/or provide samples to test them on their production lines. Even a fastener expert would be hard pressed to find any significant quality differences.
CHINA
6,443,172
16%
2,838,988
7%
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The reason that China can sell at cheaper prices is in their exportto-import ratio. The EU’s export-to-import ratio is 111%, but China’s export-to-import ratio is 227%. China is more independent from imported fasteners in comparison with the EU.
Industry Focus Other numbers reveal that: •
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28% of China’s exported fasteners are distributed to the EU region, while 34% of China imported fasteners are originated from the EU. 7% of EU’s exported fasteners are distributed to China, while 14% of EU’s imported fasteners are originated from China.
Year: 2019 Unit: 1,000 USD China
The EU EXP.
EXP. IMP.
IMP. 1,776,368
977,731
The EU Defends Against China’s Attack? Business is a war between companies and countries or regions. Marketing law shows that strong competitive moves should always be blocked. The EU wants to block Chinese attack by antidumping measures. This can be only a short-term approach because China can do the same to EU’s fasteners; and therefore, 7% of their market may be put into a difficult situation. For a long-term blocking, the EU needs to change its approach. EU’s consumers do not want to buy expensive fasteners, so they prefer Chinese producers. EU’s consumers’ behaviors have caused Chinese fastener sales to reach a positive growth in the EU. The EU’s longterm action should be to change their behaviors. But how? Al Ries, the guru of marketing and strategy, said, “The single and most wasteful thing you can do in marketing is to try to change a mind. Therefore, if EU’s fastener producers want to look for a better situation, they should forget the current “fastener” categor y, a nd t hey must ma ke a new category with their own brand. They have to scarify something in order to establish their unique position. The focus of most marketing operations is just the opposite. T hey look for ways to broaden t hei r markets by line extension, size, application proliferation, and multiple distribution. All these things should be scarified. In positioning, the smaller may be the better. It is usually better to look for smaller targets that you can own exclusively rather than a bigger market you have to share with three or four other brands. You can’t do all things and still have a powerful position.
China’s Approach
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Focusing on prices is often the enemy of differentiation. When the price becomes a focus of a message or a compa ny’s marketing strategy, consumers begin to undermine your uniqueness. If China keeps prices the main consideration for making consumers pick their fasteners over their European fastener competitors, in the long term and if the EU chooses the positioning strategy, they set themselves up to lose. However, Chinese companies in other industries are leaving the concept of low prices; and therefore, it is predictable that the same trend may happen in the fastener industry, too.
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Industry Focus The World’s Factory China rose to the "World's Factory" within the last 40 years. This growth initiated when Deng Xiaoping, former president of China, ordered an economic reform in the late 1970s and presented the concept of a free market to China for the first time, which earned him the reputation as the "Architect of Modern China". A combination of relaxed state regulations and access to the world's largest, youngest, workforce in the world made China the impeccable place to outsource global manufacturing. Low labour cost, strong business ecosystem, lack of regulatory compliance, low taxes and duties, and easy access to fast growing consumer populations in Southeast Asia made China one of the most beneficial and productive business hubs in the world. It quickly surpassed the United States in 2011 to become the world's largest manufacturer driving growth in the nation's GDP by 40% and accounted for almost 30 percent of the global manufacturing output in 2018. Despite the fact that Chinese manufacturing has dominated over the rest of the world over the last twenty years, manufacturing is leaving China, and the mature point in China's exponential growth curve headed to a few unexpected circumstances. The cost of finished goods and pace of production and delivery, at which China was able to deliver, has started to slow down as the country's population grew and its presence on a global stage drew attention around environmental and wage regulations. More importantly, specialization has caused labour rates up in recent years.
Next World’s Factory?
What is the Future for Indian Fastener Industry?
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In addition to what was mentioned, Chinese manufacturing and its economic productivity got hit by what can only be described as "A Perfect Storm" of incidents, in the last few years. A combination of old issues and new challenges such as China - United States trade war and increased geopolitical tensions as well as recent Covid-19 Pandemic which all lead to a mass departure from Chinese manufacturing, and initiated the start of the downfall of the country's manufacturing dominance. Analysis reports that Chinese global export has been estimated to drop by USD5 billion since the tariffs were first implemented.
Next World’s Factory Manufacturing has emerged as one of the high growth sectors in India. India is projected to be the world's third-largest automotive market in terms of volume by 2026. Based on the recent study by the McKinsey Global Institute, it is expected that companies will shift one quarter of their global product sourcing from China to other countries in the next five years. In this uncertain trade environment, a growing number of countries are hopeful that they could replace China as the
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by Shervin Shahidi Hamedani
world’s next major manufacturing hub. Now the question is, which country will be the next world’s factory? Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, India, Taiwan, South Korea, Mexico or maybe a country from Africa? Vietnam, for instance, has been one of the major beneficiaries of the US-China trade war, attracting much of the manufacturing capacity that China lost, but this is not the only factor to become the World’s Factory. To answer this question, first we need to know the key objectives for companies who are willing to expand their new manufacturing bases. New market opportunities, proximity to existing accounts, talent availability, educational infrastructure, business disruption risk and state technology advances are the main objectives which brand owners look for when planning to expand and optimize their factories. As a result, given the proximity to an inflating population base and relatively lower wage rates, India and Southeast Asia still remain lucrative opportunities for those brands looking to outsource manufacturing.
India Can Replace China as World's Factory India, China’s neighbour, a global giant with a fast expanding consumer base and strong manufacturing know-how background, is making a serious effort to (re)gain the world exporter hub. China's weakened global position is a great opportunity for India to attract more investment, as this country already has massive auto, food, and apparel manufacturing bases. Pharmaceutical companies are also turning towards Indian manufacturers for a more reliable production base.
Industry Focus Recently, India has significantly increased efforts to attract manufacturing investments into the country. The new initiative of Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, “Made in India” is intended to help the country replace China as a global manufacturing hub. The base of this plan comprises inspiring the world’s biggest smartphone brands to make their products in India. The northern state of Uttar Pradesh, with the population as large as Brazil, has formed an economic task force to invite manufacturers who are keen to leave China supported by a pool of land twice the size of Luxembourg. Despite of all those opportunities and initiatives, India is still blamed because of its severe regulatory environment and restrictions.
Due to various applications of fasteners in diverse sectors, a wide range of fasteners are manufactured in the Indian market, which include exhaust bolts, balance wheel bolts, standard hexagon screws/bolts, socket head cap screws, socket shoulder screws, weld nuts, square nuts, hexagon nuts, self-tapping screws and others. Again, with the support of Narendra Modi’s ‘Make in India’ initiative, the Indian manufacturing sector is expected to generate a huge demand for the industrial fasteners market in the new future. The Indian industrial fasteners market is expected to reach a value of 6.3 billion USD by 2023.
Indian Fastener
High-tensile fasteners are mainly used in the construction and engineering sectors, whereas mild steel fasteners are used in manufacturing automobiles. Currently, there has been a shift in preference of manufacturing fasteners by using stainless steel, iron, brass, aluminium, nickel, plastics and composites while this shift is expected to continue in the future. Sources: The Exodus of Chinese Manufacturing: Shutting Down 'The World's Factory', by Forbes Top 5 Countries Poised to Become the World ´s Next Manufacturing Hub, by World Finance Coronavirus: Can India replace China as world's factory? by BBC Fastener Market in India, by Fastener Eurasia
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Asia-Pacific has been known as the largest industrial fastener market for several years, accounting for a major sha re of the fasteners manufactured globally. The main reason for this growth, more specifically, in India, derived from the several construction initiatives and activities as well as growing automobile manufacturing.
The Indian automotive sector is expected to be the largest consumer of industrial fasteners, accounting for a major share of the market by 2023. This will be owing to increased automotive manufacturing in the country. Increasing sales of automobiles in India are considerably driving the growth of the automotive aftermarket in the country, including automobile sectorspecific fasteners. In the future, the development of fasteners applications for manufacturing automotive parts such as engines, chassis, moulding, suspension systems and wheels among others, is anticipated to drive the growth of the Indian industrial fasteners market followed by the construction and the engineering sectors.
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Indian News
Indian News Compiled by Fastener World
+ Steel Wire Units May Close Owing to Raw Material Paucity According to a senior industry body official, steel wire makers, belonging to the labor-intensive small and medium enterprises (SME) sector, are facing an acute shortage of raw materials. This may lead to the closure of several units. He added that about 100 units in the organized sector that offer employment of about 500 thousand workers in the country are already operating below 50 percent of their rated capacity, and if the situation continues, several of them will have to close down. The steel wire makers have appealed to the Indian government to ensure raw material supply and imports of specialized items that are not produced in the country. “The industry is facing an acute shortage of high-grade wire rods, the main raw material for wire production, which has varied applications in nation-building,” Tirthankar Banerjee, Secretary-General, Steel Wire Manufacturers Association told PTI. “The paucity of high-grade wire rods is 50 percent, and it is due to inadequate domestic supply and import restrictions,” he added.
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The association has urged the Union Government to ask Steel Authority of India (SAIL) to streamline its specialized wire rods plant at Burnpur and advise Rashtriya Ispat Nigam (RINL) and other private steel makers to supply enough raw materials to the SME sector at fair prices.
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Punjab Industrialists and Exporters in Trouble Amidst Farmer Protests In view of the ‘Rail Roko’ agitation by farmers, the Engineering and Export sector in Punjab is facing a major crisis due to non-movement of containers from Punjab to the port and disruption in supplies of raw materials. Hence, the North Region chapter of Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC India) has appealed to the Punjab Government to come up with a solution to ensure movement of industrial goods and raw materials. In a recentl press conference, Kamana Raj Aggarwalla, Chairperson, EEPC India (NR), said that while the association supports the protesting farmers, the industry in Punjab was up for a major crisis due to non-movement of goods amidst its struggle to emerge out of the severe setback caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the prolonged lockdown.
“All the industries including bicycles, fasteners, hand tools, agriculture machinery, sports goods, hosiery, and auto parts are struggling to get the raw materials. Export of existing orders is getting delayed due to non-movement and unavailability of containers in Punjab. Containers are not moving from Ludhiana dry port and there is scarcity of empty containers for exporters,” she added. Tushar Jain, EEPC Panel Convenor (Agriculture Machinery), said at least 3,500 customs cleared and ready-to-dispatch containers were stuck in Ludhiana. “Road transport remains a short-term expensive solution but that does not solve the problem completely due to national permit issues and additional high costs.” Sha rad Agga r wal, Industr y Representative, said that the buyers are panicking and this situation is fetching a bad repute to the Punjab exporters. “This can have long-term consequences due to loss of trust of buyers,” he said, adding that the payments of the exporters of Punjab are also stuck as buyers are not releasing the payments without having received the products.
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G u n e e t R a n a , D e p u t y R e g io n a l Chair man (NR), EEPC, said Ha r yana is facing similar protests but is able to move the containers at night. The Punjab Government, he added, should come up with a similar solution with the protestors.
News provided by: Abhijat Sanghvi (Fastener Association of India)
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Editorial
by Dean Tseng, Fastener World
Year in Review on
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Chinese Fastener Trade and Electric Vehicle Market
1. China’s Worldwide Fastener Export up 8.5% Amid the Pandemic According to statistics from China’s General Administration of Customs, the value of fasteners exported from China to the world reached USD 6.97 billion in 2020, up 8.5% from USD 6.41 billion in 2019. China imported USD 2.78 billion worth of fasteners from the world, a minor 1.7% dip from USD 2.83 billion in 2019. The export value plunged 80.4% as a result of the lockdown in February, but in March immediately rebounded to the January level, and peaked at USD 8.16 billion in June, while the import value remained within steady fluctuation. In the third quarter, the export value went back to the January level, and grew further towards the USD 8 billion mark. In regard to China’s fastener export to the U.S., likewise the value plummeted 80% during the lockdown and sporadically went back to the January level in April, November and December, while the import value remained within steady fluctuation. Overall, despite the impact from both the pandemic and the U.S./China tension, the rebound in China’s fastener trade remains strong. Furthermore, the world’s demand for China’s fasteners increased instead (Fig. 1), and therefore the prospect for China’s fastener export in 2021 is still expectable.
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2. Decelerated Growth in Chinese Automotive Market Expected to Continue This Year The sales figures for 7 major Chinese automakers are presented in Figure 2. It is little effort to find their figures fluctuate with the development of the pandemic. Particularly in February when the pandemic in China peaked, over 80 percent drop in production and sales appeared in five out of the seven automakers. An apparent reduction in drop margin occurred in March on each of the said automakers. The figures basically went upwards starting in April. In May, most of the said automakers have restored sales to the January level and gone from negative to positive growth. Among them, FOTON’s sales in May 2020 was higher by one fold than the sales in May 2019, and Chang'an Automobile saw 50% month-on-month sales
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Editorial growth. Between May and the yearend, the sales slightly fluctuated with the pandemic but did not impede the gradual growth trend. In December, most of the said automakers have sales higher than the January level. As long as no more massive lockdown comes up in China in the foreseeable future, the Chinese automotive market will continue its gradual restoration. However, we cannot overlook the winter and spring in 2020 when global positive tests and deaths accelerated at a record speed. The Chinese automotive market growth slowed in around 2018 (Fig. 3) and was met with the pandemic in 2020. It is a long way for China to achieve production and sales surge in 2021, but slower recovery is expectable.
3. Electric Vehicles to be on a High-speed Growth Track in China and the World Propelled by the Pandemic
The number of delivery for four electric vehicle makers in China, including NIO, Li Auto, XPeng and Leap Motor are shown in Fig.4. Even though electric vehicle sales plunged in February where the lockdown took place, in a full-year perspective, electric vehicles were hardly affected by the pandemic and went steadily upwards. NIO, Li Auto, XPeng and Leap Motor grew 5 folds in car delivery during the whole year. Leap Motor grew nearly 70% from May to the yearend. In 2018 to 2020 (Fig. 5), the said electric vehicle makers’ delivery grew by folds, and it foretells that the Chinese electric vehicle market was just about to turn hot under the pandemic.
With Tesla founder Musk rising as the richest man in the world this January, it is not a far-fetched pipe dream to envisage the next 5 to 10 years as the heyday of the electric vehicle industry. In the 5 years from 2016 to 2020 (Fig. 6), Tesla’s delivery went from 15 to 18 thousand vehicles, up 12 folds. The first surge began in the first quarter of 2018, breaching the 30 thousand mark, and through the 100 thousand mark for the first time in the fourth
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Chinese electric vehicle production and sales will grow at a high speed in 2021 and could breach 2 million vehicles. China produced 167 thousand vehicles (up 69.7%) and sold 160 thousand vehicles (up 104.5%) in October 2020, setting new records the fourth time. China announced the “Automotive Industry Development Plan (2021-2016)” in November 2020. The goal was to have electric vehicle sales take up 20% of new car sales and raise the core technology of electric vehicles to the international level around the world.
Editorial
quarter of 2019. The second surge occurred in the third quarter of 2020, followed by another record peak in the fourth quarter, reaching 180 thousand vehicles. In the whole year of 2020, Tesla produced 509 thousand vehicles and delivered 499 thousand vehicles, barely reaching the 500 thousand target range set by Musk. The world’s electric vehicle market share increased nearly 3 percent in the last 5 years. The sales increase from 800 thousand vehicles in 2016 to 2.28 million vehicles in 2020, up 185%. With Tesla’s plant in China, China’s supportive policy, and the emergence of multiple startup electric vehicle makers in China, the largest and most evident growth market of electric vehicles is China. The U.S and Europe is growing steadily year by year, and Japan is relatively at the start phase (Fig. 7). At the writing of this article, respective country's electric vehicle sales figures for 2020 had not come up. Despite the pandemic disruption, NIO, Li Auto, XPeng and Leap Motor still have robust sales momentum and Tesla the electric vehicle mogul’s sales grow 12 times in five years. The electric vehicle sales from 2020 onwards still look promising.
Table 1. Tesla’s Production and Sales Figures in 2016 to 2020 (Unit: Vehicles)
Delivery
2016
Manufacturing Output 83,922
2017
101,027
103,100
2018
254,530
244,900
2019
365,284
367,200
2020
509,737
499,000
Year
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4. New Target for the Fastener Industry: Electric Vehicles Out of all automotive components, the heaviest include battery set, motor, transmission, and these items are critical in electric vehicle development with the goal of reducing the weight of heavy components and extending service life through ground-breaking designs. In this way, future ideal electric vehicles will be eco-friendly, fuel-free, and more importantly no longer need to go under maintenance at an automotive body shop. Fasteners as a critical automotive component must be lighter, used in a fewer amount, priced higher, and more durable to be in line with electric vehicle development. The future electric vehicles will use the following three critical types of fasteners: • Fasteners with electrically isolating coatings. • Sheet metal fasteners. • Lightweight non-magnetic fasteners. • Thread-forming screws for plastics and metals. • Battery retention bolts. • Security fasteners.
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The material used for electric vehicle batteries will go from graphite to lithium, emphasizing on energy density, environmental benignity and safety.
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Furthermore, the future electric vehicles’ battery design will go from graphite-based to lithium-based, and even further upwards to surpass lithium batteries, which could affect future automotive fastener design. All traces signify that electric vehicle popularization is coming into existence as we are speaking. Fastener companies must catch up with new trends under the pandemic, and predeploy product development for the electric vehicle fastener market to make a head start as the booming of electric vehicles comes.
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American News
American News Compiled by Fastener World
+ IFE Panelist Kerr: Robots ‘Pervasive’ by 2030
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Charlie Kerr envisions more “lights out” manufacturing in the fastener industry. As a panelist in a 2020 International Fastener Expo virtual session on fastener manufacturing, Kerr of Kerr Lakeside recalled when fastener factories began using computers in the 1970s. Remember early cell phones just a few years ago and how fast they developed? he asked. Is there more reshoring of fastener manufacturing? Responding to a question about robots in fastener “Yes for now,” Boyd responded. But that “is not guaranteed for the next round.” manufacturing, Kerr noted that while a small robot There are Covid-related products where customers are seeking the reliability of may cost $12,000 today, robots can work 24/7, don’t domestic fastener supply, Boyd observed. “Especially when they want delivery show up late for work and don’t call in sick. The within a week,” he added. first place for robots in fastener manufacturing is in the packaging department, Kerr said. By 2030 Kerr reported “an uptick in requests for quotes,” especially with certain robots will be “pervasive,” Kerr declared. material grades. But requests for quotes don’t necessarily turn into business, Kerr pointed out. Kerr said some of the searching for alternative product sourcing can Matt Boyd of Parker Fasteners envisions much move business from China to India, Vietnam or Taiwan and “not necessarily back more use of QR codes with end users having all to the U.S.” Kelly reported an increase in quotes for 2021. the information “at their fingertips.” Reflecting on the year of the Covid-19 pandemic, Boyd said “Freight costs are giving us an advantage,” Kelly said. aerospace fastener sales may have declined but health and semiconductor business is up. Military Kerr pointed out that “it is not what it costs to purchase fasteners, it is what it is steady, Boyd added. costs to own them.” Freight and quality are part of those costs. Kerr cited as an example of costs to own by recalling buying a cheap bicycle in 1986 for $100, which A mong t he products Ker r La keside has didn’t last. But a $200 bicycle in 1990 is still serving him three decades later. traditionally manufactured are fasteners for musical instruments such as trombones and trumpets. Given the pandemic, that business has dropped to “zero,” Kerr said. Larry Kelly of Buckeye Fasteners said business took a hit for April, May and the manufacturer “more time to look internally,” Boyd said. June but certain sectors such as food and beverage and medical did well. “Where can we do better in business?” Also through zoom Buckeye received urgent orders for ventilator fasteners, Kelly noted. calls he found they actually “got closer to the customer.” What Parker would have spent on exhibiting at the IFE in Las Vegas Reacting to pandemic could be spent in other ways, Boyd said. In direct contact, The effects of Covid-19 will continue “well into next year,” Kelly Boyd spent more individual time with customers rather than expects. Kelly said Buckeye’s 1905 plant is not easy to reconfigure for a being interrupted on a trade show floor. Parker sales are up pandemic. It is hard to move heavy fastener manufacturing equipment. “just slightly” for 2020, Boyd said. But Buckeye has created more cellular environment for operators. Operators often have two or more machines, giving them spacing and Kerr acknowledged he is “not a fan of remote work,” but less operator interaction. The pandemic has made IT personnel the most added that “the way work is done is going to be different.” valuable, Kelly noted. Most manufacturing can not be working from Boyd finds trucking costs increasing more than materials. home, Kelly said. Boyd said Parker has been able to hire 18 people. Parker favors hiring people without experience and having the company Parker was fortunate to be moving from a 30,000 sq ft building to train them. Kerr Lakeside relies on temporary services for 68,000 sq ft, allowing some spacing of equipment as part of following hiring, Kerr said. CDC guidelines, Boyd said. Parker also spread out shifts. And Parker added a cafe in the facilities so “no one has to leave to get food.” No Worse than finding employees is having a “plant full of vendors come to the Parker facility, he said. The pandemic has given people and no jobs to do,” Kerr said.
+ Canada Renews Tariffs on Asian Screws The Canadian International Trade Tribunal renewed duties on certain carbon steel screws from China and Taiwan “used to mechanically join two or more elements,” and the subsidizing of such products exported from China, excluding carbon steel screws specifically designed for automotive or aerospace applications, Fastener World reports. The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) initiated a re-investigation to update the normal values and export prices, in accordance with the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA), respecting certain carbon steel fasteners originating in or exported from China and Taiwan, and the amounts of subsidy respecting certain carbon steel fasteners originating in or exported from China. The re-investigation was part of the enforcement of the CITT’s order made on January 5, 2015, in Expiry Review No. RR-2014-001, continuing its order made on January 6, 2010, in Expiry Review No. RR-2009-001 continuing, its findings made on January 7, 2005, in Inquiry No. NQ-2004-005.
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+ Hughes to STAFDA: Underdogs Can Win Can small distributors compete against Amazon? the president of the Specialty Tools & Fasteners Distributors Association asked in his 2020 virtual State of the Industry speech. “We. Are. The. Underdog,” emphasized Greg Hughes, president of Kinnunen Sales & Rental. “Well, I’m here to tell you: Our. Dog. Bites!” The Oklahoma distributor’s mascot is a dog. “I love being the underdog,” Hughes declared. “I love the challenge of someone saying that I can’t. And in our industry the Big Boys are telling us just that. That we can’t keep up with their ability to attract and keep this next generation of buyers.” “What the pandemic did was force our brick-n-mortar customers to find ways to ‘per - fect’ their internet buying skills, Hughes said. The customer base is growing younger and “their online love affair grows stronger each day, subsequently kicking our counter-and-field-based customer service to the curb, and the big box stores have increasingly aggressive B2B programs.” “Our customers may be convinced they don’t need us anymore. Are they correct? I mean, we can’t out-Amazon, Right?” After college in Oklahoma, Hughes learned direct selling of fastening-related products to end users with a German-based company. Within two years he became an outside salesperson. “The next few years I learned the art of selling, and I started developing key relationships, one of which was with a hard-working and determined gentleman by the name of Ray Kinnunen,” Hughes recalled. Kinnunen, a concrete contractor by trade, “had grown tired of driving so far to obtain rental equipment and supplies. So with a $400,000 loan and a 4,000 sq. ft. building, he started Kinnunen Sales & Rental, offering a few pieces of rental equipment and some concrete related supplies, including the shots, pins, anchoring and drilling products my company offered.” In 2013, Hughes and his spouse bought the distributorship from Kinnunen.
“Our slogan at Kinnunen Sales & Rental is - ‘Getting You Back to Work’ - and we’ve built a business on that promise.” That required getting the customers and retaining them when they “have the option to purchase our products not only faster, but also in some cases, cheaper from Home Depot, Lowes, Amazon, and whomever pops up online overnight.” “We’ve accepted the fact that in the next five years nearly 75% of our customers - those people we depend on to stay in business - will be Millennials and Gen Z-ers. We’ve ditched the old-guy gripe about how we hate change, or how we hate how these youngsters think…and we’ve made change after change after change, to simply….keep up with change.”
Building Strong Relationships With Our Vendors Hughes said “opportunities to buy from someone else are only going to continue to multiply as we’ve seen happen at lightning speed in 2020. We’ve got to have reasons for not only our customers, but also our vendors, to hang with us.” One way the “Kinnunen underdog bites back is by building strong relationships with our vendors. Let’s all agree - our vendor partners have a responsibility to their companies, their employees and shareholders to produce results. To that end, servicing the big box stores and various online platforms due to their sheer volume is an option they are unable to pass up, but you know what? Our vendors love us and they know what we bring to the table. We’re the guys who will take the vendor to the jobsite and get their brain and heart involved in our projects. No one at the big box stores or online giants are going to do that. We’re going to make sure our vendors know our partnerships with them are a huge part of our ability to succeed. They are going to feel, see and understand how much we need them, appreciate them, and depend on them to help us take our market share back.” That’s just one way the underdog bites back.
Investment in Online and Social Media Platforms Hughes noted many distributors saw sales skyrocket in 2020 because of the surge in online buying. “And how did they get so much business? Because of their investment in online and social media platforms. Their willingness to follow the trends of younger buyers - and older buyers wanting the buy-it-on-my-phone convenience.” Now before everyone says, “Yeah, but I can’t afford a million-dollar website with apps,” hear me out, I’ve said that same thing for years. The answer doesn’t have to be that difficult or costly but doing nothing is no longer an option, just like doing nothing wasn’t an option in the formative years of your business,” Hughes advised. “We can’t keep our holier-than-thou attitudes, thinking everyone should come to us because we have a beautiful store on Main Street where the shelves are dusted, the floor is swept, and our employees greet you with a smile,” Hughes said. “We’re going to keep providing those things, but we also have to accept the new religion of apps and online buying trends of this generation, and all future generations.” “We have to reach a market who, for the most part, we don’t see,” Hughes said.
Marc Strandquist >
Optimas Solutions of Glenview, IL, USA, has opened a new distribution facility in Overland, MO, USA. Optimas, a global industrial manufacturer/distributor and service provider, opened the 30,400 ft2 facility near St. Louis to handle the USA distribution of a new line of manufacturing consumable products focusing on personal protective equipment (PPE) and maintenance, repair and operations (MRO). Optimas Solutions has also promoted President of the Americas, Marc Strandquist, to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). In his new role, Strandquist will oversee planning/execution of the company’s strategic plan for its regional business groups—Americas and International. Strandquist will continue to oversee the firm’s Americas business unit. In that role, he has ignited revenue growth, service diversification and technology advancements, which also drives improvements in sourcing, operations and customer service across the USA, Canada, Mexico and South America.
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+ Optimas Opens New PPE & MRO Distribution Center in St. Louis; Promotes Marc Strandquist to CEO
American News + TR Fastenings Boosts Medical Fasteners Capacity TR Fastenings has increased capacity for medical device fasteners to meet rising demand driven by the coronavirus, DPA reports. “The outbreak of COVID-19 created an unprecedented demand for medical products, a situation never before experienced on this scale,” writes Jeremy Scholefield. “In response to the outbreak, the world turned to medical companies for vital help, which has galvanized the industry into action and to work in uncharted territories.” To alleviate shortages, manufacturers outside of the healthcare field have reconfigured to develop and produce medical equipment and supplies.
+ Johnson Tells STAFDA: Ban Paper in Front Office Move your distributorship into the future by eliminating paper in the front office, Andrew Johnson advised the Specialty Tools & Fasteners Distributors Association. Johnson, CEO of Shelfaware LLC and a multiple generation distributor, spoke on transitioning distributors to the digital world where they can reclaim “the edge back to small business.” Distributors must have a programmer on the payroll to develop “automatic analytics,” Johnson said. Distributors need a “data dashboard with alerts, triggers.” “Own your data,” Johnson urged. With data driven inventory, distributors can compete directly with Fastenal, Grainger and Home Depot. The big chains already dominate search engine advertising. Distributors need to “pick and choose” their online presence, Johnson advised. But even websites may get outdated, Johnson cautioned. “It is about the eyeballs,” Johnson said. “What are they looking at? LinkedIn? Videos?” But they can compete in their niche – such as furniture fasteners. His own family’s distributorship specialized in O rings.
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To compete, a distributor can move into assembly and repair “bordering on manufacturing,” Johnson said. Small distributors can offer customizing. Not every idea will work, he acknowledged. “There are going to be swings and misses.” Part of his distributorship’s move into the future involved him and his brothers-in-law discussing what each one was good at and not good at. That must be expanded in companies. “Team members need to know what they are not good at,” Johnson emphasized. Fastenal has grown in servicing safety & janitorial businesses. Fastenal installed 100,000 vending machines in customers’ locations. Small distributors need to “stick to what you do well.” Attack competitors “where they are weakest. Use a digital approach to carve out your market niche.”
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Critical medical products requiring fasteners and components include: 1.
Respiratory equipment, such as ventilators;
2.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as face masks and protective visors;
3.
Diagnostic tests that identify those infected.
TR Fastenings responded to the UK government’s urgent request to support established medical equipment manufacturers and new companies diversifying into this sector. With technical expertise, real time inventory availability, a wide range of fasteners and an intricate global supply chain already in place, TR has been able to accelerate time to market. “Although fasteners are typically the smallest components in medical devices, they play an important role in the assembly, functionality and structural integrity of the device,” Scholefield writes. “Work ing directly with a knowledgeable fastener manufacturer early on in the design stage mitigates the possibility of a costly redesign.” The main products TR supplies are sheet metal fasteners, high-grade stainless steel fasteners, plastic and rubber products, and specially manufactured parts for ventilators, medical beds and furniture, ultrasound machines, medical imaging equipment, defibrillators, incubators, medical computer stands, volumetric pumps and infusion devices, and vacuum extractors. Founded in 1973, UK-based TR Fastenings manufactures industrial and Cat. C fasteners at manufacturing sites.
+ Lower Fastener Sales Drive FDI Down The Fastener Distributor Index declined in August, dropping to 49.2 from 54.6 the previous month amid plummeting sales. June’s figure of 56.9 was the index’s best reading since November 2018. “After two consecutive months of fairly sharp improvements in the FDI, naturally the rate of improvement stalled some in August,” R.W. Baird analyst David Manthey wrote. The sales index fell 31.6 points to 47.6 in August. The Forward Looking Index dipped 1.7 points to 53.1, while employment grew a modest 1.8 points to 46.1 in August and supplier deliveries improved 3.4 points to 60.5. “Taking the FDI and FLI together, in our view, we believe this indicates August fastener market conditions showed relative stability in trends after several consecutive months of strong monthto-month improvement,” Manthey explained. Meanwhile, monthto-month pricing fell 6 points to 52.6, while year-to-year pricing declined 1.3 points to 65.8. The August FDI reading “indicates the trajectory of sales trends is improving m/m, but activity levels are likely not yet near pre-COVID levels,” Manthey stated. “Looking at the drivers of the m/m moderation in the FDI, sales trends continued to improve, but the employment index slightly decreased, dragging down the overall index,” Manthey noted. Twice as many distributors expect lower activity over the next six months, while 53% expect higher activity and 24% anticipate no change. A third respondent expressed concern over current trends. “Down 25% from last year’s August. Down 11% YTD compared to the same period last year. Very, very slow month.” The FDI is a monthly survey of North American fastener distributors conducted by the FCH Sourcing Network, the National Fastener Distributors Association and Baird.
American News
+ Lawson Products Buys Partsmaster Lawson Products acquired Greenville, TX-based Partsmaster from NCH Corporation for $35.3 million. The deal is Lawson’s largest acquisition in five years and will push its revenue to $400 million. Lawson paid $2.3 million of the purchase price at closing, and will pay the remaining $33 million in May 2021. Founded in 1968 as a division of NCH, Partsmaster is an MRO products distributor with $63 million in annual sales to 16,000 customers through its 200-plus sales reps. Partsmaster provides six specialty product lines, including Dyna Systems fastener line of domestic premium bolts, general Grade 8 and Grade 5 bolts, and stainless steel and metric fasteners. “This transaction is an important step in our continued growth strategy,” stated Lawson CEO Michael DeCata. “Partsmaster is a strong strategic fit with a similar VMI business model, similar product margins, a complementary product offering and a passion for providing great service to customers.” Founded in 1952, Chicago-based Lawson Products distributes MRO products and services. Lawson has distribution centers in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean and is headquartered in Chicago.
+ MW Industries Combines With Life Sciences Business MW Industries parent company American Securities LLC was acquiring NN Inc.’s Life Sciences division and combining it with the Rosemont, IL-based fastener manufacturer. The $825 million transaction was expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2020. AFC Industries acquired Master Distribution, a distributor of channel and pipe fittings as well as related fasteners and accessories such as nuts, clamps, screws, washers, bolts, brackets and post bases. Terms of the deal were not disclosed. Br unswick, OH-based Master maintains a large stock of steel, 304 stainless, 316 stainless, aluminum, zinc plated, hot dipped galvanized, electro galvanized, painted, and powder coated, for commercial, industrial, infrastructure, utility and energy end markets. “ T he a c qu isit ion of Ma st er ext ends t he boundaries of our core business by adding a robust line of adjacent products,” stated AFC CEO Kevin Godin. “We are excited to apply our institutional experience and expertise to fuel growth at Master.” The deal is the 11th acquisition for AFC since being acquired by Incline Equity Partners in 2015. In January AFC acquired The Chess Group, a distributor of metallic components for OEMs.
“This transaction offers the right partner for Life Sciences and fair value for the business,” stated NN CEO Warren Veltman. “The combination with MW Industries will help Life Sciences accelerate growth and innovation across global markets, and position the business for long-term value creation and success to the benefit of all its stakeholders.” NN Life Sciences manufactures implants, surgical instrumentation, singleuse disposable devices, and assemblies for medical applications. Core capabilities include precision metal stamping; electron beam welding; CNC milling and turning; plastic injection molding and micro molding; plastic machining; and additive manufacturing. NN, which manufactures high-precision metal and plastic components and assemblies, planned to use the estimated $700 million in net proceeds from the sale to pay down its debt. Founded as a tool and die company, Rosemont, IL-based MW Industries manufactures precision springs and specialty fasteners for more than 25,000 customers in 35 countries. Its 50,000 products are sold through a combination of direct sales, catalogs, and distributors to original equipment manufacturers and aftermarket customers in aerospace, medical, electronics, energy, agriculture, construction, and other sectors. In 2017, MW Industries was acquired by equity firm American Securities in partnership with MW Industries management. China Fastener World no.61/2021
+ AFC Acquires Master Distribution
Fairfield, OH-headquartered AFC provides supply chain management of fastening and other assembly components. Customers’ industries include automotive, defense, fluid-handling, food equipment, lighting, medical, transportation and solar energy. AFC was acquired in 2015 by Incline Equity Partners, a Pittsburgh-based private equity firm.
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American News + Stanley Engineered Fastening to Expand Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear announced that executives with Stanley Engineered Fastening, a Stanley Black & Decker company, plan to create some 49 high-paying job positions for Kentuckians with a US$6 million expansion at its Christian County facility. Stanley Engineered Fastening plans to add 30,000 ft2 to the existing 250,000 ft2 Hopkinsville facility, which will grow the current business and expand into other products. Once complete, the expansion will elevate the plant’s total employment to 205 workers. Work on the project is expected to conclude in July. Established in 1966, the Hopkinsville facility produces a variety of brackets, plugs, fasteners, inserts, bolts, nuts, rivets and screws.
+ Orbitform Acquires C&B Machinery Orbitform and a group of investors acquired Brighton, MI-based C & B Machinery for an undisclosed sum. C&B Machinery will operate as a separate entity with its own staff and facility. “We intend to carry on the heritage that C & B Machinery established over the last 40 years,” stated Orbitform president Phil Sponsler. “We look forward to working with the existing, highly skilled C & B team to grow the business.” Founded in 1980, C & B Machinery designs and manufactures high production and precision grinding machines, including their double disc grinding equipment, for automotive, aerospace and hand tools markets. Founded in 1984, Jackson, MI-based Orbitform designs and manufactures orbital forming riveting machines and forming, fastening and assembly automation equipment.
+ Fastenal Fastener Sales Stabilize Fastenal Co. reported the decline in fastener sales that began in March due to the pandemic continued to slow in August, with sales down 7.3% compared to an 7.5% decrease the previous month. Overall sales at Fastenal dropped 2.2% to US$465.2 million in August, while daily sales rose 2.5% to US$22.15 million during the month. Sales in the U.S. improved 1.9%, while sales in Canada/Mexico rose 3.8%. By end market, sales to manufacturing customers decreased 5%, and sales to non-residential construction customers were down 13.5% in August.
China Fastener World no.61/2021
The company’s workforce decreased 8.6% during the month to 17,747 employees. Distribution personnel shrank 10.3% to 2,591 while manufacturing personnel declined 11.4% to 624 workers. “The evolution of a market leader like Fastenal, now heavily invested in shifting to an e-commerce and omnichannel approach, represents where the industry is headed,” according to a Market Leaders report by Modern Distribution Management. “Fastenal is closing locations, consolidating inventory, putting its personnel inside customer locations and moving toward e-commerce.” Fastenal reported fastener daily sales declined 16.4% year over year in the second quarter of 2020 to US$392.3 million (26% of total sales) as sales of safety equipment (PPE) surged 116.3% during the quarter. Fastener sales declined 2.6% to US$449.7 million (32.9% of total sales) during the first quarter of 2020.
+ Danish Firm Rose Holm to Establish Its First USA Operations in Virginia Virginia Governor Ralph Northam, speaking on behalf of the Virginia Economic Development Partnership (VEDP), announced that Danish company, Rose Holm, a leading manufacturer of threaded bolts for the food and beverage, wind power and heat exchange industries in Northern Europe, will invest US$1.35 million to establish its first USA manufacturing facility in Henrico County in Virginia. The new operation will give the company close proximity to a major customer and further its wind energy efforts. Virginia successfully competed with Indiana for the project, which will create 10 new jobs. “Virginia is all in for clean energy, and we welcome Rose Holm’s decision to locate its first U.S. operation in our Commonwealth,” said Governor Northam. “Our Clean Energy Virginia initiative is driving new investment and new jobs in renewable energy, and now it is bringing a new manufacturing facility to Henrico County. We look forward to a strong partnership with Rose Holm as we work to make Virginia a hub for the East Coast offshore wind supply chain and service industries.” Established by Erik Rose Holm in 1953, Rose Holm is a privately owned Danish metal company that specializes in high-quality fastening products with a focus on supplying the global wind energy sector. Combining decades of know-how, logistics, and ongoing investments in the latest advanced manufacturing technology, Rose Holm’s two Danish production plants now manufacture fastener solutions year-round.
John Wolz, Editor of FIN (globalfastenernews.com) / Mike McNulty, FTI VP & Editor (www.fastenertech.com)
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European News
Compiled by Fastener World
European News
+ Impact of Covid-19 Less Negative than Feared
+ GESIPA® Celebrates Its 65th Anniversary
After a significant slowdown in business due to the Covid-19 pandemic, Hilti Group has reported that initial signs of recovery are emerging. Total sales for the January to August 2020 period decreased by 12.3% to CHF 3.426 billion, and by 7.3% in local currencies, compared to the previous year.
In 1955 a small company named ‘G E S e l l s c h a f t f ü r I n t e r n a t i o n a l e PAtentverwertung’ was founded. Shortly afterwards a patent application was filed for the ‘process of producing breakstem blind rivet joints’ and a ‘hand tool for setting blind rivets’.
Christoph Loos, CEO of the Hilti Group, comments: “Following the unprecedented slump in our business during the spring lockdown, our figures have gradually recovered since June. We are therefore weathering the crisis better than originally feared, albeit with very large regional differences. This makes us cautiously optimistic, even though the crisis is by no means over and uncertainty remains high.”
This was the beginning of GESIPA®, including its first participation in the Hanover trade fair at the end of the 1950s, GESIPA was able to make a lasting impression on many customers from various industries with its blind riveting technology.
While last year got off to a good start, business in North Asia slumped sharply in February 2020 and from mid-March onwards there was a clear downward trend in all markets. After the low point in the 2nd quarter of 2020, a gradual recovery set in. From January to August, total sales fell by 12.3% to CHF 3.426 million. Net income fell by 13.9% year-on-year to CHF 314 million. The result is also burdened by the strong appreciation of the Swiss franc. The negative currency effect, for the period from January to August 2020, amounts to about 5% points in terms of sales.
Family owned until the end of 2008, GESIPA has now been a member of the internationally operating SFS Group for more than ten years and has established itself as one of the leading suppliers in the sector of blind riveting technology. From the first battery powered blind rivet setting tool to efficient, automatic processing with setting process monitoring, GESIPA blind riveting technology has been meeting the highest demands in industry and trade for 65 years.
+ LIGNOLOC® Now with Technical Approval
+ Unity is Strength
LIGNOLOC is the first collated wooden nail for use in industrial production, made from central European beech wood. The special design of the LIGNOLOC nail point and the large amount of heat generated by friction when the nail is driven in at a high speed cause the lignin of the wooden nail to weld with the surrounding wood to form a substance-to-substance bond. This effect – referred to as lignin welding – has been tested and confirmed by scientists at the University of Hamburg, by means of UV scanning of the cell structure. Key benefits of LIGNOLOC wooden nails include not acting as thermal bridges and avoiding unsightly wood discoloration or traces of corrosion, as well as causing less tool wear when processing nailed wooden components subsequently. Raimund Beck points out the nails are also ideal for ecological timber construction using 75% less greenhouse gases than when producing steel nails.
+ Dejond Adds New Seal to Watertight Range D e jo n d N.V h a s a d d e d a sealing solution to its watertight range of Tubtara® rivet nuts, the HDKX series with Precote® 5 resin seal, for applications requiring a f lush installation. The new Precote ® 5 resin material is applied on the rivet nut body, underneath the small or countersunk head, and was created after customers looking for a leak proof rivet nut for flush installation approached Dejond to find a reliable watertight solution. During installation of the rivet nut, excess resin material is scraped from the shank towards the head, forming a seal
Specialinsert® highlights its new DEFORM-NUT® SELFLOCKING deformation rivet is the ideal solution for fixing parts subject to risk of loosening and strong vibrations. Designed, patented and produced by Specialinsert ®, this deformable tubular rivet with self-locking thread, also patented, in cylindrical or hexagonal version provides a nylon ring at the end of the thread to friction the screw during assembly. It can be easily installed on boxes, pipes, sheet metal, profiles and on all those supports that do not allow the insertion of nuts inside them. DEFORM NUT® SELF-LOCKING combines advantages of the classic deformation rivet with the function of selflocking nuts. As well as installation on parts without the possibility of access from the inside, its technical advantages include anti-loosening guaranteed without the use of additional components such as a thread locker or spring washers, as well as a quick assembly of the connecting screw. This is due to not requiring the use of two tightening spanners, unlike the self-locking nut. Available in galvanised steel and stainless steel, as well as in other different shapes and dimensions, the DEFORM NUT SELF-LOCKING features a medium tightening torque for correct installation of M6 – M8, a tightening torque 9Nm -18Nm and traction loads of 13,000N – 21,000N.
between the flush head and the parent material, into which the insert is riveted. The seal is only 0.25mm thick, applies well on stainless and zinc plated steel and offers a good thermal and chemical resistance, making it suitable for use with water and many automotive fluids. For semihex rivet nuts the advised hex hole radius needs to be observed, but if correctly installed in properly formed holes, this resin seal ensures an IP 67 waterproof assembly. With the popular HX and HDPX series, featuring an O-ring or Rimlex® seal, Dejond states that the Tubtara® has set the standard for watertight rivet nut assembly. Dejond is an EN9100 certified Belgian manufacturer of Tubtara blind rivet nuts, with an expertise in cold forming stainless steel and innovative bespoke rivet nuts, and serves the general, automotive and aviation industries worldwide through a network of expert fastener distributors.
News provided by: Fastener + Fixing Magazine (www.fastenerandfixing.com)
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
Earlier in 2020 the German Institute for Construction Engineering issued the National Technical Approval for load-bearing timber connections using LIGNOLOC® wooden nails. After extensive tests and complex calculation models, all expectations of the expert committee were met. The approval enables the planning, design and execution of load-bearing connections in timber frame construction. Planks and panels made of solid timber, woodbased materials, or gypsum fibre, can be attached to wood building materials using LIGNOLOC® wooden nails from Raimund Beck GmbH. In addition, connections can also be made with LIGNOLOC to produce bracing and loadbearing wall diaphragms.
European News + What is the Future for Cars? by Marco A. Guerritore, Editor in Chief of Italian Fasteners magazine
The car-bolt is atavistic. The car cannot exist without bolts and, conversely, the bolt owes its technical evolution to the progress of the car’s design dynamics over time. The car industry is very important for the fastener industry both in terms of consumption – an average of about 20 kg of fasteners are used in each vehicle – and the quality of the product. Most of the fasteners used in car manufacturing are special, and therefore, technologically advanced. Today, however, the car industry is going through a period of great uncertainty. The logical question is therefore: “What is the future of the automotive sector?” Many scenarios are opening up and all of them are disturbing. The first scenario is the one associated with Covid-19, which is proving to be more detrimental than the 2008-2009 crisis where the market lost 15% and returned to positive territory the following year. Today, due to the pandemic, the European car market is collapsing. The real effects of Covid-19 are however highlighted by the negative percentages of car sales in the most critical period of the pandemic, i.e. in April 2020, compared to the same period in 2019. The percentages of some European countries are shown below: BELGIUM
- 90.1%
An analysis of the distribution FRANCE - 72.2% in the decline of sales in European GERMANY - 61.1% countries shows that they are more ITALY - 97.6% consistent in countr ies where NETHERLANDS - 53.0% “confinement” has been harsher. POLAND - 67.1% In his report, the President of UK - 97.3% ANFIA (Italian Association of SPAIN - 95.6% the Automotive Industry) Paolo SWEDEN - 35.7% Scudieri, points out that in the first SWITZERLAND - 67.2% eight months of 2020 the European car market lost 2.67 million units. In August, a month with traditionally low volumes, the decline in registrations was again more significant (-17.6%), although not at the levels of previous months (June closed at -24%).
China Fastener World no.61/2021
The ANIA bulletin states that total registrations in Italy for the month of July amounted to 113,653 units (-10.9%), while volumes in August amounted to 88,801 units (-0.4%). In the first eight months of 2020, total registrations amounted to 809,655 units, a decrease of 38.9% compared to the volumes of the same period in 2019. The analysis of the Italian car market by fuel type is very interesting, again according to the data released by ANFIA. Cumulatively, since the beginning of 2020, the share of new diesel cars is 35%, with registrations down by 48.5%, while the share of petrol cars stands at 42% with volumes down by 42% in the January-August period. Alternative fuel cars accounted for 23% of total registrations, down by 4%. In particular, gas-fuelled cars decreased by 41% while registrations of electric cars (BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle) grew by 106%, plug-in hybrids by 200%, and nonrechargeable petrol hybrids by 30% and non-rechargeable diesel hybrids by 78%. Electric vehicles, as a whole, accounted for 14% of the market in the period between January and August 2020.
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In addition to the market trends, it must be noted that with the advent of the pandemic, the notion of mobility is also changing. Due to the danger of catching the virus, especially in large cities, more and more people prefer to use private cars instead of public transport. This choice should therefore lead to a surge in the car market. On the other hand, however, it must be considered that, especially in large cities, the deterrent to use passenger cars is the chronic lack of parking and difficulty of circulation. Unfortunately, in recent years many Italian cities have developed without any consideration of the existence of cars. Furthermore, the high concentration of cars causes another drawback i.e. air pollution. This should not only make the authorities more responsible, but also large companies. They should speed up the implementation of their sustainability programmes in order to meet the expectations of consumers. Needless to say, people’s sensitivities and behaviours can change radically and very quickly under the influence of events. “We have witnessed the forceful emergence of a concept that is not directly linked to the pandemic, but that derives from an idea of wellbeing and the common good in which air quality, especially in large cities, is now considered a priority and no longer just a niche for convinced ecologists,” emphasises sociologist Franco Morace. “This is especially true among the younger generations, who already show a disaffection towards private cars and instead push for new forms of urban micro-mobility. For them, the car continues to be a mysterious object and certainly no longer an object of desire.” EUROPEAN UNION1 - NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY COUNTRY
provisional data
August
% Chg
% Chg
2020
2019
2019
January-August 2020 2019
AUSTRIA
20.906
29.888
-30.1
158,477
237,225
-33.2
BELGIUM
36.387
47.936
-24.1
297,524
403,534
-26.3
2019
BULGARIA
1.918
2.929
-34.5
15,206
24,372
-37.6
CROATIA
2.601
3.404
-23.6
25,151
47,825
-47.4
729
639
+14.1
6,699
8,509
-21.3
CZECH REPUBLIC
CYPRUS
16.611
25.026
-33.6
131,410
175,340
-25.1
DENMARK
17.608
18.692
-5.8
124,974
157,625
-20.7
ESTONIA
1.461
2.534
-42.3
12,603
18,893
-33.3
FINLAND
8.485
9.994
-15.1
64,976
79,494
-18.3
FRANCE
103.631
129.257
-19.8
998,409
1,467,924
-32.0
GERMANY
251.044
313.748
-20.0
1,776,604
2,495,536
-28.8
GREECE
6.853
9.594
-28.6
52,939
86,873
-39.1
HUNGARY
10.924
15.617
-30.1
78,645
105,443
-25.4
IRELAND
4.859
5.088
-4.5
78,889
110,527
-28.6
ITALY
-38.9
88.801
89.184
-0.4
809,655
1,325,704
LATVIA
1.113
1.627
-31.6
9,181
12,827
-28.4
LITHUANIA
3.397
3.665
-7.3
23,578
30,564
-22.9
LUXEMBOURG
3.671
3.811
-3.7
29,973
39,730
-24.6
NETHERLANDS
26.461
33.724
-21.5
219,129
293,043
-25.2
POLAND
34.707
48.107
-27.9
256,954
375,504
-31.6
PORTUGAL
12.417
12.435
-0.1
92,474
159,466
-42.0
ROMANIA
11.157
23.177
-51.9
73,723
118,003
-37.5
SLOVAKIA
6.980
10.051
-30.6
49,257
71,569
-31.2
SLOVENIA
4.357
5.006
-13.0
38,791
52,086
-25.5
SPAIN
66.925
74.424
-10.1
524,706
883,540
-40.6
173,925
221,016
-21.3
SWEDEN
25.522
29.477
-13.4
EUROPEAN UNION (EU)
769.525
949.034
-18.9
6,123,852
9,002,172
-32.0
EU142
673.570
807.252
-16.6
5,402,654
7,961,237
-32.1
EU123
95.955
141.782
-32.3
721,198
1,040,935
-30.7
581
803
-27.6
6,254
9,116
-31.4
ICELAND NORWAY
10.802
12.073
-10.5
79,798
99,460
-19.8
SWITZERLAND
16.260
19.437
-16.3
142,102
202,091
-29.7
EFTA
27.643
32.313
-14.5
228,154
310,667
-26.6
UNITED KINGDOM
87.226
92.573
-5.8
915,615
1,519,016
-39.7
TOTAL (EU + EFTA + UK)
884.394
1.073.920
-17.6
7,267,621 10,831,855
-32.9
WESTERN EUROPE (EU14 + EFTA + UK)
788.439
932.138
-15.4
6,546,423
SOURCE: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONS 1 Data for Malta n.a. - 2Member States before the 2004 enlargement 3 Member States having joined the EU since 2004
9,790,920
-33.1
European News EUROPE (EU271+EFTA+UK) - NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS
BY MAKER
provisional data
August % 2020
% 2019
Units 2020
January-August Units 2019
% Change 20/19
% 2020
% 2019
Units 2020
Units 2019
% Change 20/19
VW Group
25.5
27.7
225,520
297,512
-24.2
25.9
25.0
1,880,042
2,710,676
-30.6
VOLKSWAGEN
11.0
12.1
97,442
129,580
-24.8
11.3
11.4
821,279
1,232,568
-33.4
SKODA
5.7
5.4
50,103
58,069
-13.7
5.5
4.8
402,178
524,939
-23.4
AUDI
4.9
5.6
43,218
60,012
-28.0
5.1
5.0
370,080
537,246
-31.1
SEAT
3.3
4.0
29,071
43,054
-32.5
3.3
3.4
237,646
363,183
-34.6
PORSCHE
0.6
0.6
5,293
6,325
-16.3
0.6
0.4
45,475
48,528
-6.3
OTHERS2
0.0
0.0
393
472
-16.7
0.0
0.0
3,384
4,212
-19.7
PSA Group
13.9
14.1
123,143
151,948
-19.0
14.5
16.1
1,056,164
1,747,847
-39.6
PEUGEOT
6.1
5.4
53,900
57,578
-6.4
6.2
6.1
451,407
664,992
-32.1
OPEL/VAUXHALL
3.8
4.9
33,448
52,660
-36.5
4.0
5.5
294,252
600,555
-51.0
CITROEN
3.8
3.6
33,377
38,805
-14.0
3.9
4.2
283,478
450,584
-37.1
DS
0.3
0.3
2,418
2,905
-16.8
0.4
0.3
27,027
31,716
-14.8
RENAULT Group
10.0
10.7
88,562
114,649
-22.8
10.3
10.6
751,187
1,146,319
-34.5
RENAULT
6.1
5.7
53,989
61,574
-12.3
6.9
6.7
501,070
722,924
-30.7
DACIA
3.9
4.8
34,112
51,680
-34.0
3.4
3.8
247,581
416,197
-40.5
LADA
0.0
0.1
382
905
-57.8
0.0
0.0
1,742
3,682
-52.7
ALPINE
0.0
0.0
79
490
-83.9
0.0
0.0
794
3,516
-77.4
BMW Group
7.1
5.5
62,767
59,032
+6.3
7.0
6.2
511,358
674,005
-24.1
BMW
5.7
4.4
50,615
46,964
+7.8
5.6
5.0
409,586
537,554
-23.8
MINI
1.4
1.1
12,152
12,068
+0.7
1.4
1.3
101,772
136,451
-25.4
HYUNDAI Group
8.3
6.6
73,391
71,045
+3.3
7.1
6.6
518,852
715,202
-27.5
KIA
4.1
2.8
35,920
30,261
+18.7
3.6
3.1
259,442
338,889
-23.4
HYUNDAI
4.2
3.8
37,471
40,784
-8.1
3.6
3.5
259,410
376,313
-31.1
DAIMLER
6.8
6.8
59,939
72,603
-17.4
6.2
6.0
448,610
647,805
-30.7
MERCEDES
6.5
5.6
57,892
60,468
-4.3
6.0
5.3
437,360
576,723
-24.2
SMART
0.2
1.1
2,047
12,135
-83.1
0.2
0.7
11,250
71,082
-84.2
TOYOTA Group
5.8
5.1
51,320
54,309
-5.5
5.8
5.0
421,705
540,256
-21.9
TOYOTA
5.5
4.7
48,578
50,783
-4.3
5.4
4.7
393,652
504,744
-22.0
LEXUS
0.3
0.3
2,742
3,526
-22.2
0.4
0.3
28,053
35,512
-21.0
FCA Group
5.7
5.1
50,585
54,318
-6.9
5.7
6.2
412,270
671,628
-38.6
FIAT
3.9
3.3
34,212
35,389
-3.3
4.1
4.3
294,608
467,219
-36.9
JEEP
1.2
1.2
10,950
12,418
-11.8
1.0
1.1
69,950
120,431
-41.9
LANCIA/CHRYSLER
0.3
0.2
2,262
2,520
-10.2
0.3
0.4
24,725
41,650
-40.6
ALFA ROMEO
0.3
0.3
2,845
3,421
-16.8
0.3
0.3
20,412
37,235
-45.2
OTHERS3
0.0
0.1
316
570
-44.6
0.0
0.0
2,575
5,093
-49.4
FORD
5.9
5.6
52,232
60,065
-13.0
5.5
6.0
401,722
651,470
-38.3
NISSAN
2.2
2.2
19,893
23,905
-16.8
2.4
2.5
176,522
272,826
-35.3
VOLVO CAR CORP.
1.9
1.6
16,549
16,902
-2.1
2.3
2.0
168,558
217,497
-22.5
JAGUAR LAND ROVER Group
0.9
0.9
7,895
9,178
-14.0
1.3
1.4
92,530
148,360
-37.6
LAND ROVER
0.6
0.6
5,491
5,922
-7.3
0.9
0.9
65,737
96,645
-32.0
JAGUAR
0.3
0.3
2,404
3,256
-26.2
0.4
0.5
26,793
51,715
-48.2
MAZDA
1.2
1.4
10,840
14,860
-27.1
1.2
1.5
85,088
157,527
-46.0
MITSUBISHI
0.8
1.1
7,478
11,341
-34.1
1.0
1.0
72,934
104,209
-30.0
HONDA
0.7
0.7
6,302
8,052
-21.7
0.7
0.8
47,913
83,844
-42.9
SOURCE: ACEA MEMBERS 1 ACEA estimation based on total by market - 2Includes Bentley, Lamborghini and Bugatti - 3Includes Dodge and Maserati
A great incentive for the car of the future should come from improvements in automatic driving. The car industry is making a great effort by investing a lot of money in research aimed at completely resolving the problem within a reasonable time period. At present there are 5 levels of autonomous driving. It starts from the first level which consists, above all, of electronic driving assistance with the use of radar and various sensors, and ends with the fifth level where the car is able to move independently in any direction and in all conditions.
The vast majority of cars sold today have level one and level two driving systems, and therefore with partial autonomy. Moving to higher levels of autonomous driving is not a simple matter; large investments in design and experimentation are required, but the progress of automatic driving will certainly lead to a great revolution in the use and perhaps in the very concept of cars. Automatic driving combined with innovative concepts of eco-friendly motorisation could be the catalyst to give new life to a sector that has been showing signs of advanced ageing for some time. The entire and important sector of components will also be involved in this phase of renewal, which in 2019 had a turnover of about 170 billion euros and employed more than three hundred thousand people. And within the context of car components, the fastener holds one of the places of honour and must therefore play its role with the usual swiftness and ability. In order to be ready to face future events, fastener manufacturers will have to bring to the table: inventiveness, courage, initiative, professionalism and above all financial commitment. Consequently, the collaboration between the bolt and the car will be as strong as in the past, even during the renewal phase.
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According to sociologist Morace, the social concept of the car is gradually changing in the minds of consumers. The car as a symbol of social status is beginning to fade, especially among the new generations, it is losing its importance due to a change of mentality because it is less and less the object of desire. Furthermore, what currently dampens the enthusiasm of those who are about to buy a new car is the great difficulty in choosing the right one. There are so many questions: Diesel or petrol? Petrol or hybrid? Hybrid or electric? Electric or is it better to wait for hydrogen? In short, there are many questions that embarrass, disorient and demotivate potential buyers who could, especially if they live in a city, opt for alternative solutions such as any form of “car sharing”.
Russian News
Russian News Compiled by Fastener World
+ BelZAN Becomes the First Supplier of Fasteners for Volkswagen in Russia The Belebeevsky plant “Avtonormal” (part of the “RT-Capital” of the state corporation “Rostec”) became the first Russian supplier of fasteners for the Russian division (“Volkswagen Group Rus” LLC) of Volkswagen. An agreement was signed for a period of four years, according to which the company will annually supply more than 9 million parts for Volkswagen and Škoda passenger cars. The plant's products are already used in the assembly of bodies and the installation of units at the Kaluga plant and in a separate division of the mentioned automaker in Nizhny Novgorod. Under the contract, the enterprise has mastered the production of twenty new types of fasteners with increased corrosion resistance. As noted by General Director of “RT-Capital” Kirill Fedorov, in 2020, thanks to the support of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, the authorities of Bashkiria and the state corporation “Rostec”, represented by “RT-Capital”, it is possible to prevent the bankruptcy of the enterprise and begin the process of its stabilizing. The press release clarifies that the share of BelZAN in the Russian market of fasteners for the automotive industry is about 36%. The plant is the main supplier to KAMAZ and AVTOVAZ.
+ Ukrainian Industries in the Fight Against COVID According to sources from Metiz Magazine, many companies in Ukraine are working partly as a result of COVID-19. Additionally, Ukraine made a definitive AD duty determination on certain steel fasteners from China and the rate of 67.4% turmoiled the market. The situation has just recovered since November 2020. Ukraine staged a strict lockdown in January 2021 to curb the spread of COVID. The only industry in Ukraine that showed growth is the building industry. To reduce unemployment, the Ukrainian government announced a “Great Building Program” that led to growth of 0.2% over the entire building industry in the first 9 months of 2020. Hopefully the Ukrainian fastener industry could grow in 2021. In 2020, the Ukrainian GDP declined about 6% and the import of steel products dropped by 20%. According to World Bank, the Ukrainian GDP growth in 2021 is expected to remain modest at 1.5%, rising to about 3.7% by 2023 and the import will recover in the second half of 2021.
+ BelZAN is Headed by a New Leader In the Belebeyevsky plant "Avtonormal" (BelZAN, part of the structure of "Rostec" "RT-Capital"), the general director has been replaced, reports "Interfax". On September, 17, 2019 the Board of Directors of the enterprise prematurely terminated the power of Sergei Rodionov, who headed BelZAN since March 2019. The former general director of Molot-Weapon LLC (Kirov region) Roman Bukarev has been appointed as the new general director of the plant. The contract with him is concluded for three years.
+ New Equipment Put into Operation at “Parallel”
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In the end of October 2020, the company “Parallel” (Orel) launched a high-speed press with induction heaters for hot stamping of turnkey nuts of 18 to 30 mm from steel 40X, 09G2S, st.35, st.45. Earlier in October, new equipment for heat treatment of products, longer than 3 meters, was launched. The new heat-treating unit was used to manufacture embedded products for the foundation of “The Sun of Moscow”, the largest Ferris wheel in Europe.
+ Oryol Steel Rolling Plant Begins Supplying Fasteners for Retail for the First Time Oryol Steel Rolling Plant (part of Severstal-metiz, Severstal hardware group) began supplying fasteners for retail sale. The first store was the "Lesotorgovaya" base of Orel. A new product of the plant is now presented on the counters of “Lesotorgovaya” - long threaded rods and small bolts. In the near future, the steel rolling plant will expand both the geography of retail supplies and the range. In addition to supplies for retail trade, the plant is engaged in small-scale wholesale.
+ MMK-METIZ Increases Export Sales According to the results of work in the first 8 months of 2020 OJSC MMK-METIZ showed the highest indicator compared to the same period of 2019: fasteners + 102%. Despite the ongoing global pandemic and the effect of restrictive measures, shipments of hardware for export in 2020 increased by 106% compared to 2019.
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Oryol Steel Rolling Plant is the first in Russia to begin production of full-threaded studs with a thread angle of 60 degrees. The cost of the investment project amounted to almost 59 million rubles. The development of a new type of product took place within the framework of an investment project for import substitution.
Russian News + A Program to Provide KAMAZ with HighStrength Fasteners Has been Developed
On September 9 last year, the high-strength fasteners plant (ZVK) BERVEL celebrated its 5th anniversary, to which the partners and consumers of the enterprise were invited. “For us, these are the first years of the establishment of our enterprise. And we survived”, the event was opened by Yuri Medvedev, General Director of BERVEL.
Within the framework of this program, MMK and MMKMETIZ should master the production of high-quality section and calibrated rolled steel grades 32CrB4, 36MnB4 and 42CrMo4. The development of steels with various alloying elements will significantly improve the performance properties of automotive fasteners. Currently, regulatory documents are being developed for hot-rolled and calibrated steel.
“Our plant was initially conceived as an extremely ambitious project, the entry into the market of which would not go unnoticed, which is what happened. We were focused on the professional level of the team, on the development of technologies, on the introduction of new products and gaining consumer confidence by producing reliable and quality products.”
MMK-METIZ will supply calibrated rolled products of these steel grades to BelZAN for the manufacture of fasteners with strength classes 10.9 and 12.9.
Today, the high-strength fastener plant “BERVEL” is the most modern plant for the production of fasteners and calibrated rolled metal products in Russia”, continued Yuri Medvedev.
The ultimate goal of the joint program is the complete localization of production of high-strength automotive fasteners in the Russian Federation.
The plant is certified for compliance with the international standards "Quality Management System" according to ISO 9001: 2015 and for compliance with the production control system of the enterprise with the right of CE-marking of the products. The export direction of sales is developing, the geography is constantly expanding and, in addition to well-established supplies to the CIS countries, products are already being delivered to Germany and the Netherlands. A s pa r t of t h e d evelo pm e nt of Z V K "BE RV E L", t h e implementation of the second stage, which will increase the volume of production, expand the range of products and, as a result, expand the sales market for finished products, is envisaged. Even in the current situation with coronavirus infection in the world, the plant did not stop, providing all possible requirements and taking measures to preserve the health of the team.
+ The Oryol Company to Invest over 100 million Rubles to the Launch of a Fastener Packaging Line The Expert Council of the Industrial Development Fund (FRP) has approved the issuance of a loan to “SDT-Group” LLC (Oryol Region) for 50 million rubles. The funds will be used to launch a new automated line for fasteners packing. The total cost of the project is 101 million rubles. The new production capacity will be almost 2,000 tons of products per month.
+ New Course for Localization of Auto Components Production for the Recovery of Industry The Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, together with the Industrial Development Fund, are planning to launch a grant program for the localization of the production of auto components in the Russian Federation in 2021. “We will launch a grand program for the implementation of investment projects to localize the production of auto components," said Denis Pak, Director of the Automotive Industry Department, during a meeting with Denis Manturov, Head of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. "We have already pledged 1 billion rubles for grants." Pak also announced the intention to introduce a point system for the export of auto components, which will allow manufacturers, as well as enterprises of related industries, to join the global supply chains of global car manufacturers. Will the new measures help the development of automotive fasteners production? At the exhibition Innoprom 2020 Vadim Sorokin, President of GAZ Group, spoke about the loss of the Russian auto component industry: “The result of the industrial assembly regime was the entry into the market of global platforms with a low level of localization in Russia and the displacement of local platforms. The consequence is a contraction in demand for the Russian auto components, disruption of production chains and the departure of some suppliers. In fact, during this period we have lost the auto component industry".
News provided by: Alexander Ostashov, editor of “Fasteners, Adhesives, Tools and...” Magazine Mariya Valiakhmetova, editor of “Metiz” Magazine
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+ The High-strength Fasteners Plant “BERVEL”. The First Years from Birth are the Most Important
A jo i n t p r o g r a m o f M M K , M M K-M E T I Z a n d Bel Z A N t o provide KAMAZ with high-strength fasteners has been developed. This was announced by the press center of MMK-METIZ.
Brazilian News
Brazilian News Compiled by Fastener World
+ ZwickRoell: 10 Years in Brazil The German manufacturer of material testing machines celebrated with all cares needed April 22, 2020 marked the 520th anniversary of the Discovery of Brazil, the same day that ZwickRoell Group completed ten years of opening its subsidiary in this South American country. However, it is almost unnecessary to recall the reason that led the company to postpone its commemorative event, which ended up taking place in November 26, 2020, in Campinas City, SP, home of ZwickRoell's local subsidiary. “On a scale of 10, I consider a grade 7, which could be much better, but our start was a little difficult, especially since we spent the first two years operating in a joint venture formed with a local company. But it was in solo activity that we improved the results, especially in the last three years,” commented Gustavo Videira, the Brazilian Managing Director. As global leaders in machinery and technology for material testing and quality control - with a history that began in 1854 - Zwick and Roell are individual companies in the same segment and country, Germany, which have joined together since the 1990s.
+ The Âncora Founder Died After many years as the founder and owner of R. Simioni store and fastener distributor, in São Paulo State Capital, Roberto Simione and Renato, his son, founded Âncora Fastening Systems, a Brazilian company that combines activities of a manufacturer and importer in fasteners. Since then, the company established in Vinhedo town, SP, has expanded rapidly, mainly in the construction sector, currently operating with more than 200 employees on an area of 25 thousand m² , with 7 thousand m² as the manufacturing floor.
+ SouthWind International: 25 years One of the most important and solid sales agents of machines and tools for the fastener manufacturers in Brazil When it comes to machinery and tooling for the fastener industry in Brazil there are two names that work as a guide and reference on the subject: SouthWind International (SW) and the company’s founder, J. Graef. Founded in 1995, these two names merge as SW market share is growing not only in Brazil but also Latin America and in the US where the company has started a subsidiary in Florida since 2015.
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SW’s expertise reaches all fastener production areas, from raw-material preparation, throughout all steps of the production processes, including the inspection and packing of final products. Some of the companies that SW has exclusivity in Brazil, as the sales agent are Nedschroef, Weighpack, Universal Punch, PTG-Reed, Wrentham Tool Group, Reed Machinery, Tecno Impianti, Videx and others.
+ November was the Best Month in 2020 for the Auto Industry But the Brazilian sector was haunted by shortage and high prices According to the monthly survey showed on December 7, 2020, from Anfavea, the Brazilian Automaker Association, November was the best month of 2020. However, almost all industries, not just cars, were haunted by a shortage of raw materials, components and constant price increase, as well as the restrictions generated by the pandemic.
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In November 2020, 238,200 units of vehicles were produced, a growth of only 0.7% over October, and therefore, the industries are unable to keep up with the increase in demand caused by problems mentioned above. This result is a 4.7% growth over the same month in 2019, a period when there were around 330 thousand units of vehicles in stock, while until the conclusion of monthly report were just 120 thousand units of vehicles in stock. In the factories and in the stores network the stock was just for only 16 days of sales. However, the year-to-date output at 1,804,759 units was 35% lower than 2019.
Brazilian News + Fastener Imports Closed with a 23% Drop
+ Jomarca Acquires South Brazil
Currency depreciation was good to local producers
The agreement covers just the accessories unit
The sales of bolts, screws, nuts, rivets, nails and other kinds of fasteners (made of iron, steel, copper, or aluminum) to Brazil closed the year with a drop of around 23%, but seller countries - such as China (with 25% market share by value), USA (16%), Japan and Germany (10%) and Taiwan (5.6%) - were already in recovery, resulting mainly from the second quarter of 2020. In November 2020, US$ 46.87 million (9,765 tons) worth of fasteners landed on the Brazilian ports, while October 2020 was US$ 43.50 million (9,115 tons). Closing in on November, the imports totaled US$ 451.4 million (93,733 tons), with a 22% drop.
As one of the most important companies in the Brazilian fastener industry, Jomarca announced, in August 2020, the acquisition of the entire industrial park of South Brazil Furniture Accessories, owned by the Group South Brazil (GSB). With 30 years in the market, GSB opted for the sale to invest more in its activities in the non-woven fabric business. “This agreement consists of the acquisition of all lines of accessories from GSB, such as hinges and slides, except for the plastic line of handles. In the coming months all the equipment will be moved from Caçador town, from Santa Catarina State, to Jomarca's industrial plant in Guarulhos, São Paulo State. After the change is done, we estimate that it will start operating in the beginning of 2021. However, a part of it was already in operation in 2020. As a result, our current number of employees should jump from 1,000 to 1,200 people. We will expand the Jomarca portfolio of furniture accessories and deliver even more variety to our customers and partners,” told Ricardo Ma rques Castel ha no, Joma rca super i nt endent director.
Hassmann factory
+ Hassmann on 65th Anniversary
Ricardo and João Marques Castelhano (superintendent-director and chairman from Jomarca)
Today, the company is one of the most important Brazilian fastener manufacturers especially as an automotive supplier. Carlos (son), Peter (son), Elka (mother) and Karl Hassmann (father)
In 1955, an Austrian and Brazilian couple, Elka and Karl Hassmann (1930 - 2014) founded in Imigrante town, Rio Grande State, Brazil, the Metalúrgica Hassmann. At the beginning it was just a modest repair company, making maintenance on equipment and manufacturing spare parts for other local industries. Soon after, the activities were enlarging such as manufacturing door locks, door windows and metal frames for windows to the PUC University, in Porto Alegre City, the State Capital, 130 km away from Immigrante. However, its activities in the fastener industry begun in 1960 onwards especially because of the search for a series of products, which followed international standards and were a necessity in Brazil, with its industrialization process just beginning.
Karl (father), Elka (mother), Carlos (son), Peter (son), Letícia (grand daughter) and Augusto Hassmann (grandson)
Currently, the Hassmann has 280 co-workers, and its installed capacity allows the production of around 1.8 thousand tons per month, divided on over 50 thousand fasteners types, such as bolts, screws, rivets and special parts produced in diameters from 5 to 30 mm, through cold and hot forming process, always following a strict quality regulation, supplying products for the automotive, agricultural and electrical-electronic industries. Also, the company has operations overseas, with its own office in Brickell Key, Miami, Fl, USA.
+ Until September 2020, Brazil Imported 60% from 2019’s Total Finishing the first nine months in 2020, Brazil imported 74,853.96 tons of fasteners (US$ 361.37 million), 60.4% of the 123,923.4 tons (US$ 621.65 million) bought during 2019. During September 2019 Brazil imported 7,976.48 tons (US$ 38.98 million). For bigger fastener suppliers like China, obviously, it is going to be hard to finish this year well, and that was without a deep fall on imports, also caused by real (the Brazilian currency) depreciation. However, the result will be more reasonable than expected, with a fall around 25% from 2019.
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Since then, the Hassmann has been working with much dedication, not withholding effort to achieve and maintain excellence in quality, and became one of the most important fastener manufacturers in South America.
Brazilian News + The First Woman as ArcelorMittal Business Director A young executive takes charge of "Brazilian Sul Fluminense" industrial units In the ArcelorMittal - Sul Fluminense, one of the Brazilians industrial steel units, the position of Director Business on long steel, including products such as steel bars and wire rods used for fastener production, was passed to a woman. The announcement was released last August by the CEO of this business unit at Cia, Mr. Jefferson De Paula, who said: "That news is a source of great pride for us because Tatiana Furtado Nolasco de Abreu are breaking barriers and paradigms within our traditionally male segment. That post took by her including the Barra Mansa and Resende industrial plants, both towns from the Rio de Janeiro State, that employ around 1,300 direct and indirect employees, the majority of whom are men". With a degree in Production Engineering, Nolasco has been working in the steel sector for 20 years, is married, aged 40 and is a mother of Rafael and Paula (6- and 4-years old). Tatiana Nolasco
+ Linear Guides: More Advantages for Norlam Thread Rolling Machine Users Installed on thread rolling machines produced by Norlam Indústria de Máquinas e Ferramentas Ltda., Linear Guide is a system that provides operations with high precision along the course of rolling external threads on fasteners and similar products.
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“The precision is reflected on the alignment of profile and high rigidity and durability of tools. In addition, its use simplifies maintenance and reduces costs”, said Mr. Nelson Rodrigues, the director from the Brazilian company. In addition to manufacturing machines within the 5 to 100 tons range, Norlam also operates in the Norlam Linear Guides recovery of machines and tools used in threading, such as thread rolling dies and thread rolls. News provided by: Sergio Milatias, Editor of Revista do Parafuso (The Fastener Brazil Magazine) milatias@revistadoparafuso.com.br www.revistadoparafuso.com
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Special Feature
Innovation Alley 1. M8 Undercut Anchor Wit h patents in Taiwa n, China, Japa n a nd Ger ma ny, Laiterli Group (Laiterli International Engineering) in Taiwan has developed an M8 undercut anchor which is able to fasten tightly with masonry and does not require tapping the anchors during operation. It is reusable, easy for operation and inexpensive.
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According to National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (Taiwan), the M8 undercut anchor did not distort or loosen during the quake test and there was no cracking and damage on the masonry. The anchor successfully withheld up to 1,600kgf in an SGS-approved torsion test and is compliant with B/T32839-2016 standard.
2. No Break Screw "No Break" Screw by Kitamura Seiko Corporation contains at its front end a blade portion to cut the wood and prevent wood from cracking, as well as a threaded portion to increase the screw's thrust. These designs help achieve the following 3 advantages: 1. No wood cracking when the screw is driven into the ends of the wood. 2. The screw will continue to drive in even if it hits a knot in the wood. 3. No need to follow the growth rings when driving the screw.
3. Security Fastener to Prevent Businesses Becoming Victims of Crime
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A new range of security fasteners has been launched to help businesses to cut the cost of being a victim of crime from their overheads. The innovative 5-Lobe pin from TR Fastenings is the first complete range of security fasteners made from corrosion-resistant A4-70 stainless steel - the perfect product for outdoor use, in particular in marine, health and medical sectors because of its non-reactive qualities. The fastener’s five-sectioned screw head means that it can only be undone by someone with specialist tools, preventing its removal by an opportunist criminal. Fastenings made with corrosion-resistant A4-70 stainless steel do not degrade if they come into contact with salt water and other chemicals that have an impact on other forms of steel. The durability of the high grade material means that components need to be replaced less often.
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The 5-Lobe pin is rated as a level 2 enhanced security product and can be supplied with button or countersunk heads in either machine screws or self tapping screws. A4-70 stainless steel is a high tensile strength stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance making it perfect for both internal and external applications. It is used in the manufacture of medical surgical instruments and in the pharmaceutical industry where cleanliness is absolutely key - the addition of molybdenum to its composition provides the A4 grade with a greater level of corrosion resistance. Its composition means it is also perfect for use in marine environments.
4. The New M-Grip™ T304 Stainless Steel Lockbolt System In continued efforts to improve the industry standard, Goebel Fasteners has developed a patented new multi-grip lockbolt system made completely from T304 Stainless Steel. In applications where a wide grip range is needed and a consistent flush pin break to the collar is favorable, the Goebel M-Grip™ is the new and improved standard in the market. Essentially the M-Grip’s wide grip range and various sizes can replace up to 14 sizes of the classic 6-groove locking fastener system. Similar to all Goebel engineered fasteners, the M-Grip™ provides a top level of quality and vibration resistance. The M-Grip™ installs consistently with reliable and identical installed values.
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5. New Bolt Mark Identifying Fastener Loosening and Tampering Permatex®, a leading innovator in chemical technology for automotive maintenance and repair, has introduced a new product designed to help professional technicians and DIYers alike easily identify loosening and tampering of nuts, bolts, fasteners, and assemblies. Permatex Bolt Mark is a tamper-proof indicator paste that provides the user with a visual marker of completed work and easily identifies if a fastener has become loose or damaged. Designed to deliver a tamper-proof torque seal, Permatex Bolt Mark provides warranty protection for the user against tampering. It can also help save time when completing a job, by providing a visual indication of which assemblies have been torqued and which still need to be tightened. The quick visual evidence by Bolt Mark also helps speed up safety checks in professional and amateur racing applications.
6. QV-7108 3D Inspection Machine The latest model "QV-7108 3D" developed by Japanese K&K Engineering Corporation is the first inspection machine in the Japanese fastener industry that comes with a 3D photographing function. The illuminating device installed to the camera on top of the existing model "QV-7108" casts on and off a net-shaped light on workpieces and analyzes the reflected light in real time to generate 3D graphics. The different heights on a workpiece are color-coded. The workpiece's 3D shape is analyzed to check its burrs and thickness deviation. "QV-7108 3D" can check (pre-oiled) nuts up to M24 in nominal diameter. For M24 nuts, it can check 100 pieces per minute. It has two index tables with an inverting device in between to flip over the nuts.
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7. "S-Clean" Liquid for Surface Treatment
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Nickel based alloy is a highly corrosion-resistant material that is hard to process and surface-treated. Japanese Sasaki Chemical succeeded in developing "S-Clean RE100" which is an etching liquid specifically used on nickel based alloys such as Inconel and Hastelloy. The liquid can remove burrs on parts (including fasteners) made of nickel based alloy and perform etching on them. "S-Clean RE-100" is the only etching liquid within the industry it belongs to that is free of toxic hydrofluoric acid. It can reduce processing time and the troubles in waste water discharge.
8. Spray-type Rust Remover Applicable to Threads Japanese Engineer Inc. has added ZC-28 Spray Type Rust Remover, suitable for wide spraying, to the "NejiSaurus" kit series. Features:
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1. Instantaneous reaction to rust. Rust removal of small parts completed within 3 seconds. 2. Neutral liquid for safety. 3. The liquid can seep into the tiny gap between the bearing surface and threads when sprayed at screws installed on components. 4. Applicable to automobiles, agricultural machines, pipes and so on.
9. Low-cost Bolt Loosening Inspection Technology Shibaura Institute of Technology teamed with PhD researchers from University of Edinburgh and successfully developed a way to evaluate bolt loosening at low cost. They utilized ultrasonic vibrations inaudible to human ears to measure the frequency and axial force at the tip of a bolt through which they can inspect bolt loosening. This process doesn't rely on inspectors' skillfulness and is therefore simple, convenient and low-cost. This technology can be introduced into machines for inspecting thread loosening.
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World News
President Mark Wu (QST International Corp., an automotive screw manufacturer) thinks EU's anti-dumping investigation on Chinese fasteners means an opportunity for Taiwanese fastener industry because QST now sells to Europe. Its export value of automotive screws sold to Germany amounts to USD 200 to 250 million per year, taking up 30% of its total export. Most of the products for Germany are sold from QST's headquarters in Taiwan, or manufactured by German steel plants and then supplied locally. Almost none of the products are sold from QST's plant in Xiamen City of China. It is expected that QST will be very likely to see some orders switched from China to Taiwan in the future.
compiled by Fastener World
Taiwan Fastener Industry Seeks Government Help in Light of RCEP Impacts
EU Launches AD Investigation Against Chinese Iron and Steel Fasteners Accordi ng to a n official jour nal the Eu ropea n Com mission released on December 21st, 2020, it has launched an antidumping investigation agai nst cer tai n impor ts of iron and steel fasteners from People’s Republic of China. The CN codes of products involved this time include 73181290, 73181491, 7318149 9, 73181558 , 731815 6 8 , 7318158 2 , 7 3181 5 8 8 , e x 7 3181 5 9 5 , ex73182100, and ex73182200. A request for a hearing with the Hearing Officer must be submitted within 15 days of the date of entry into force of this official journal. The investigation is expected to come to a preliminary determination with the announcement of a provisional antidumping measure within 7 months of the date of the date of entry into force of this official journal.
EU's Anti-dumping Investigation on Chinese Fasteners, a Window of Opportunity for Taiwan EU has launched the AD investigation on certain fastener products imported from China, including automotive screws and construction small screws. The last time that EU whipped on China's fasteners was 5 years ago. Mr. Tu-chin Tsai (TIFI Chairman) expects an additional order value of USD 1 billion for the Taiwanese automotive fastener industry if EU does impose AD duties on Chinese fasteners. He points out that automotive screws are the main products exported to Europe, taking up over 20% of Taiwan's total export. Germany is the second largest export destination for Taiwan. Other screw products going to Europe include small screws. The U.S. remains the top export destination for Taiwan, taking up over 40% of Taiwan's total overseas sales.
Taiwan Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) met with representatives from Taiwan Industrial Fasteners Institute (TIFI) and other associations at a conference discussing the RCEP impacts on industries. Before the conference, TIFI chairman TuChin Tsai said in an interview that Taiwan fastener industry was ranked third in the world, but that its production value dropped from NTD 176 billion in 2018 to NTD 143 billion in 2019, and it is fairly questionable whether the value for 2020 could reach NTD 110 billion as a result of the high NTD exchange rate and other countries' high tariffs on Taiwanese fasteners. According to Tsai, NTD appreciated by 12%-15% over the past 2 years, resulting in an annual loss of NTD 5 billion on Taiwan fastener industry. As a result, he is calling for NTD depreciation. Meanwhile, an average 5%-30% tax is imposed on Taiwanese fasteners exported to ASEAN. He thinks that RCEP has no impact on domestic electronics, 5G and medical industries, which are strong performers in Taiwan. Taiwan fastener industry is a decent performer in aerospace, automobile and electronics, but faces tough competition coupled with negative factors in exchange rates and tariffs. "Without industrial competitiveness, we may be looking at domestic plant closures or moving overseas." Mr. Tsai Yong-Yu, TIFI vice president and president of Jinn Her Enterprise, said the industry had already deployed in Southeast Asia as part of Taiwan government's New Southbound Policy. The branches in Southeast Asia aim to export products to highend markets in the U.S. and Europe and bring competitiveness to the industry, but the pandemic has put a halt to export. With no improvement visible through the second quarter of 2021, he hopes the government will help in ways such as depreciating NTD.
Steel in Short Supply and Strong Demand in Taiwan Japanese steelmakers have paused taking orders and it follows that steel is in short supply and strong demand. Steel price for the first quarter of 2021 is sure to rise and is expected to continue the uptrend in the second quarter. New records have been set for 9 consecutive years for international iron ore price which has surged by 80% since 2020. Taiwan CSC's steel price is to continue the uptrend in January and the first quarter. Demand for wire rods and steel plates is strong. CSC President expects the heyday of the steel market to continue through June 2021. Downstream companies see light at the end of the tunnel with their business operation recovering.
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- Industry Update -
Fastener World News Tycoons expects the wire rod price to continue upwards. The company's export is turning around which is expected to remain so through the second quarter and bring remarkable profits.
Ukraine Made a Definitive Antidumping Duties Determination on Certain Chinese Steel Fasteners Ukraine announced on September 26 of 2020 a definitive determination to impose anti-dumping duties on certain steel fasteners originating in China starting September 29, 2020, based on the final decision stated in document AD-465/2020/4411-03. The duty rate will be 32.47% for Haining Hisener Trade Co., Ltd. (Hisener Industrial Co., Ltd.), 38.37% for Ningbo Jinding Fastening Piece Co., Ltd., and 67.40% for other Chinese suppliers, effective for 5 years, involving product codes falling within 7318156890, 7318158290, 7318158890, 7318159590, 7318169290, and 7318169990. Ukraine initiated an anti-dumping investigation on certain Chinese steel fasteners on December 7, 2019. May 28, 2020, Ukraine announced a preliminary affir mative deter mination on involved Chinese products, according to the decision stated in document AD-447/2020/4411-03, that involved products would be subject to a temporary 19.75% anti-dumping rate effective for 4 months.
- Companies Development Elgin Expands Range of OEGrade Fasteners for GM LS GEN III, IV and V Engines Elgin Industries, a leading U.S.-based manufacturer of engine and chassis components, has added to its extensive range of original equipmentgrade fasteners for popular General Motors LS Series engines. It is important to replace head bolts, main bearing cap bolts and other hardware after one use to prevent loss of clamp load and potential engine damage. Each Elgin fastener meets OE specifications and is machined from U.S.-grade materials to ensure superior strength and reliability. Elgin is the premier manufacturer of push rods, rocker arms, valves, valve springs, camshafts, lifters, timing sets and other precision-engineered components for automotive, high-performance, and medium and heavy-duty engines. The company operates a state-of-the-art engineering, manufacturing and distribution complex in Elgin, Illinois.
Simpson Strong-Tie Moves Minnesota Warehouse to Larger Facility Simpson Strong-Tie, the leader in engineered structural connectors and building solutions, announced the relocation of its warehouse facility in Eagan, MN, to Inver Grove Heights, MN, seven miles away. The warehouse has moved to a new building located at Inver Point Business Park, 8450 Courthouse Blvd., Building 1, Inver Grove Heights, MN 55077. The new building is 46,500 sq. ft. larger than the previous facility, and all 19 employees in Eagan have transferred to the new location. The company has invested in the move as a commitment to future growth and to better serve their customers with faster product delivery and Will Call access. The new location provides more dock and office space, a larger training center, more efficient order picking and enhanced warehouse safety.
Japanese Auto Parts Maker Sankei Sets up a Core Factory in Indonesia
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Expansion of the Aerospace Sector: Aviation Certification EN 9100:2018 for 3d-prototyp GmbH in Switzerland 3d-prototyp GmbH, has received the official aviation certification EN 9100:2018 in Switzerland. The seal of approval is a prerequisite for supplying the aerospace industry with 3D printed components. Although a forward-looking technology, additive manufacturing is still used very little in Switzerland. Since October 2020, 3d-prototyp GmbH has been the only 3D printing service provider in Switzerland that is certified according to EN 9100 and already has many years of experience in the production of aerospace parts using highperformance materials (Ultem TM 9085, Ultem TM 1010, Nylon 12, Nylon 12CF).
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Sankei Co., Ltd in Mie Prefecture of Japan manufactures pi ns, r ivets, sha f ts and other automotive pa r ts. The compa ny has already had bases in the U.S. and Shanghai for production and sales. Now t he I ndonesiabased plant P T. TIGA KARUNIA INDONESIA has been completed and will act as an overseas manufacturing and supply base. Sankei has a complete line of part formers to manufacture various automotive precision parts. The Indonesia-based plant along with its other overseas bases will become a core factory outside Japan in the future to provide the world market with high quality and low-cost products.
Fastener World News Announces Accufast, Inc. as Official Master Distributor for Western Canada Goebel Fasteners, Inc. announces a new and exciting partnership with Accufast, Inc. as their official master distributor for Western Canada. The two companies entered into an agreement that sees Accufast, Inc. become the exclusive master distributor for Goebel Fasteners, Inc. M-Grip™ Lockbolt System and entire blind fastening product lines across Western Canada which by definition includes the four provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. “Accufast is an industry leader who provides extensive knowledge about blind fastening systems and the proper tooling to ensure the best parts are used in every application,” said Marcel Goebel, CEO of the Goebel Group. Murray Mathers, President of Accufast, Inc. was equally pleased stating. “Over the last few ye a r s o u r i nve nt o r y h a s g r ow n sign ifica ntly, a nd by pa r t ner i ng with Goebel to look after western Canadian distribution, we will be able to better fill client’s needs from our recently acquired much larger Edmonton warehouse facility and provide even faster access to the extensive range of fasteners, cordless tools, and unique products such as the all new stainless M-Grip.”
Double Coiled Spring Washers for Railway Track With ® Dörken Coating System Approved by DB Another positive result out of the great cooperation between Growermetal and Dörken®: DB (Deutsche Bahn) has recently approved the Delta-Protekt® KL100 coating on Growermetal’s patented Double Coiled Spring Washers, produced according to UIC 864-3. These washers are widely used for railway applications, to fix the rail to the railroad ties. The partial serrations on the bearing surfaces of the washer prevent the loosening of the bolt and the risk of breakage. Railway washers are frequently exposed to challenging weather conditions. For this reason Growermetal supplies its Double Coiled Spring Washers coated with the high-performing Dörken® coating system Delta-Protekt® KL100 able to reach outstanding anti-corrosion performances with over 720 hours in neutral salt spray test according to ISO 9227, without adhesion issues during operational stress or reduction in anti-loosening performance.
AIS Receives Reward for Outstanding Quality
China Fastener World no.61/2021
AIS-All Integrated Solutions, an MSC Company, proudly announces its recent award for Outstanding Quality. It was awarded at the Motus Annual 2020 Suppliers Con ference. T he award recognizes AIS for shipping over 10,000,000 pieces with zero defects. AIS was the only supplier to receive this award in 2020. Everyone from AIS’ quality, warehouse, sales, and account executive teams worked toget her to provide exc eption a l service to Motus---they deserve all the credit for the award. “We are extremely proud of our entire team. They have truly come together to make sure our customers receive the highest quality services and products. Earning this award is con f i r mation t hat A IS’ focus on quality, company culture, and employee training is paying off for our customers,” stated Nick Ruetz, president of A IS-A ll I nteg rated Solutions.
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Fastener World News Japanese Yahata Neji Establishes New Heat Treatment Technology Utilizing Water Vapor Yahata Neji Corporation teamed with Shibaura Institute of Technology and successfully developed a heat treatment technology using water vapor which can simultaneously achieve high strength and high corrosion resistance on fasteners, such as aluminum screws and special parts. With this technology, it'll require only one process to form uniform coating on target objects (with or without complex shapes) by exposing them in high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, while achieving the same level of corrosion resistance as acquired from anodizing treatment. The company will optimize the technology through multiple processing tests and is looking to complete the mass production system in two years.
Vossloh Supplies Fastening Systems for New Heavy-haul Line in Mongolia Vossloh won the first contract for the supply of rail fastening systems for a heavy-haul line in Mongolia. The roughly 270 km long line will connect the Tavan Tolgoi with Gashuun Sukhait port at the Chinese border. After its completion, about 30 million tonnes of goods, primarily raw materials for steel production, will be transported on the new rail link each year – with significant environmental advantages compared with the current road haulage. The deliveries of the fastening systems started some time ago, and an approximately 70 km long section has already been completed. Under the current plans, construction work will be completed by the end of 2021.
BBI Appoints Scott Gibson to Proferred Global Sales and Product Director
China Fastener World no.61/2021
BBI/Proferred is pleased to announce the appointment of Scott Gibson to the position of Proferred Global Sales and Product Director. Scott will direct Proferred’s sales efforts with its building and drywall customers. He will also support customers on a global level, work with buying groups, and on its tradeshows.
Mate Precision Tooling Announces Corporate Name Change to Mate Precision Technologies Mate Precision Tooling, a global leader in sheet metal fabrication products and solutions, announced that it is changing its corporate name to Mate Precision Technologies. The name change reflects the company’s broader commitment to metalworking and using its expertise to drive innovations to shape the future of factory productivity. Firmly committed to its existing product lines, the name change allows for the expansion into the metal cutting and machining industry with the release of a major new product line in 2021. The new name is effective September 1, 2020, and will be implemented across the company’s product and services through 2021.
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APEX TOOL Names Bob Heisner as Chief Marketing Officer Sparks, MD. – Apex Tool Group (ATG) recently a n nounced the appointment of Bob H. Heisner to SVP and Chief Marketing Officer. In this position, Bob will lead the further development of all ATG hand tool and power tool brands – which include GEARWRENCH®, APEX®, Crescent ®, Weller ®, Cleco ®, and SATA® – while continuing to sharply accelerate ATG’s e-commerce capabilities. As a member of the Executive Leadership Team (ELT), Bob will report directly to Jim Roberts, Chief Executive Officer, ATG, and be based in the company’s Lexington, SC, office. Since joining ATG in July 2016 as VP Marketing – Global Power Tools, Bob has helped champion the company’s Marketing Build and Transform initiative for the past several years. Prior to joining ATG, Bob led the development of some of the industry’s leading brands, including: DeWalt Accessories, Kwikset Locks, Hennessy Tools (a division of Danaher), Lenox Industrial Tools, and Rubbermaid Commercial Products.
Fastener World News - Acquisitions S.W. Anderson Company Acquires OEM Fastening Systems
Tom Smith, president and owner of OEM Fastening Systems, said "combining our reputation for excellent products and services with S.W. Anderson's manufacturer relationships and knowledge base will give OEM customers a powerful partner — one with local, personalized service, and high-tech products from international manufacturers.” OEM Fastening Systems was started in 1969 as a specialty fastener distributor. OEM assists design and manufacturing engineers in the automotive, appliance, outdoor power equipment, and other markets with fasteners, tooling, and tooling repairs. Founded in 1926 and headquartered in Downers Grove, Illinois, S.W. Anderson Company supplies specialty and standard fasteners, hardware, slides, and manufacturing components for the industrial manufacturing market. The company provides services to tier manufacturers and OEMs in automotive, commercial vehicle, consumer goods, aerospace, and food & beverage industries, amongst others and has seven sales offices/distribution centers with over 35 technical sales professionals throughout the US.
Avantus Aerospace Acquires California Screw Products Avantus Aerospace, a global leader of C-Class and Composite parts for the aerospace and defense industry, is pleased to announce the acquisition of California Screw Products ("CalScrew") in Paramount, California. CalScrew manufactures unique, high-strength fasteners for commercial and military aerospace applications and has a natural fit with other companies within the Avantus group, including F TC ( Fastener Tech nology Cor p), acquired in December 2019, and FIT (Fastener In novation Technology), acquired in September 2020. CalScrew, founded in 1984, has built a strong reputation as an innovative and reliable
China Fastener World no.61/2021
S.W. Anderson Company, a specialty and class C component distributor, has acquired OEM Fastening Systems, a specialty fastener distributor in Lawrenceville, Georgia. "We're excited to welcome the OEM Fastening Systems employees to the S.W. Anderson family" stated Jim Degnan, president of S.W. Anderson. "OEM's reputation in the southeast U.S. as a customer-focused product expert aligns closely with S.W. Anderson's value proposition. We look forward to working with our new team members to extend our products and services to OEM’s customer base. "
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Fastener World News supplier of difficult-to-manufacture 'sta nda rds' ser vi ng more t ha n 45 aircraft platforms. Some customer relationships span multiple decades, such as those with Boeing (including BDSI), Incora (Wesco), Honeywell, Collins, Pratt & Whitney, GE, Airbus and Lockheed Martin. The existing management teams will continue to operate and grow the business under the guidance of Fastener President Den n is Sue d k a mp, a nd Di re ctor of Bu si n e ss D evelopment L a r r y Valeriano. Larry was formerly the President of CalScrew.
L&W Supply Acquires Assets of Drywall Supply Inc. L&W Supply Corporation, a leading distributor of topquality building materials and specialty products in the United States, announced that it acquired the assets of Drywall Supply Inc. (“DSI”), a building materials distributor with locations in the north and western suburbs of Denver, Colorado. Founded in 1996, DSI focused on residential and commercial markets, providing drywall, acoustical ceilings, insulation, steel stud and related products. The acquisition includes three DSI branches in Loveland, Lafayette and Golden, Colorado, that will remain open. The Drywall Supply team has a long history of providing contractor customers with the support and expertise they need. As part of L&W Supply, they will join a company committed to being the go-to partner for contractors nationwide, recognized for an unparalleled level of service and top-quality products.
- Association Events Taiwan Industrial Fasteners Institute Re-elects Mr. Tu-Chin Tsai as Chairman TIFI held a member representatives assembly on December 11, 2020, where the association re-elected the next directors and supervisors. Mr. Tu-Chin Tsai was elected Chairman. Three other representatives elected as vice chairmen were Mr. Tsai Yong-Yu from Jinn Her Enterprise, Miss Ann Hong from Shih Hsang Ywa Industrial, Mr. Sun Tea-Ren from Jau Yeou Industry. Mr. Simon Lin from Fong Prean Industrial was elected convener of the board of directors and supervisors.
CMCA 2020 Board of Directors Meeting and Members Assembly in Shanghai China General Machine Components Industry Association (CMCA) held its 7th Board of Directors meeting and members assembly on November 3-4, 2020 in Shanghai. Nearly 200 directors, member representatives, and invited guests attended the assembly, which was hosted by Chairman FONG Guan. The BoD meeting took place on November 3, 2020, which included the discussion on members assembly agenda, the annual report of missions completed by CMCA in 2019, the recognition of CMCA Technological Innovation Award Recipients, etc. Directors of the meeting also approved that XUAN Bi-Hua would take the position as the new Chairman after the closure of the members assembly. Chairman FONG gave his opening speech in the members assembly on November 4, 2020. He pointed out that “the assembly was held in a very challenging year, but our industry still performed quite well over the year. However, the basic problems in the industry still exist and the world is suffering the severe pandemic, so we cannot underestimate the influences these problems may cause to our industry. I hope that in the new year all of us can achieve better results.” The “CMCA Technological Innovation Award” was also presented to 125 products in the event.
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With the effort of directors as well as the enthusiastic participation of CMCA member representatives, invited guests, and relevant companies, the 7th CMCA BoD meeting and members assembly both came to a perfect closure with a big success.
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2020 Fastener Companies
Industry Focus
Financial Reports Compiled by Fastener World, Updated on Jan. 22, 2021 Monetary unit in millions
USA
(USD) Net Income (Loss)
2020
9,286
173
(170)
2019
10,433
(438)
(1,125)
Change (%)
-10.9
---
---
Period
Year Ended Dec.
Period 2020 Year Ended Aug.
2019 Change (%)
Year Ended Dec.
Year Ended Aug.
14,864 as of Dec. 2020 vs. 14,631 as of Dec. 2019
Revenue
Operating Income
Pre-tax Income
Net Income
Total Assets
225.245
10.441
10.967
7.717
13.020
12.972
9.356
106.453 as of Aug. 2020 vs. 92.878 as of Aug. 2019
-19.8
-15.4
-17.5
221.241
+1.8 Net Sales
Gross Profit
Operating Income
Pre-tax Income
Net Income
2020
5,647.3
2,567.8
1,141.8
1,132.7
859.1
2019
5,333.7
2,515.4
1,057.2
1,043.7
790.9
Change (%)
+5.8
+2.0
+8.0
+8.5
+8.6
2020
3,192.399
1,343.322
350.740
334.250
251.117
2019
3,363.817
1,432.043
399.996
383.129
288.865
Change (%)
-5.0
-6.1
-12.3
-12.7
-13.0
Period
Total Assets
Total Assets
3,964.7 as of Dec. 2020 vs. 3,799.9 as of Dec. 2019
2,382.430 as of Aug. 2020 vs. 2,311.237 as of Aug. 2019
Europe
(GBP) Revenue
Gross Profit
Operating Profit
Pretax Profit
Net Profit (Loss)
2020
200.221
55.107
4.077
3.042
(238)
2019
208.952
62.635
17.096
16.421
12.244
Change (%)
-4.1
-12.0
-76.1
-81.4
---
Period
Year Ended Mar.
Total Assets
216.138 as of Mar. 2020 vs. 204.567 as of Mar. 2019
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
Sales
Pre-tax Income (Loss)
Industry Focus
Japan & South Korea Revenue
Operating Profit
Ordinary Profit
Net Profit (Loss)
2020
12,468
16
108
(184)
2019
14,567
585
668
472
Change (%)
-14.4
-97.2
-83.8
---
2021
11,142
27
105
73
Change (%)
-10.6
+70.2
-2.3
---
Sales
Gross Profit
Operating Profit
Adjusted Earnings After Tax
2020
63,714
7,653
219
160
2019
80,282
9,144
1,368
1,041
Change (%)
-20.6
-16.3
-83.9
-84.6
Period
Year Ended Jun. (JPN) Prospect for Year Ended Jun.
Period
Pung Kang
China Fastener World no.61/2021
(KRW)
086
Year Ended Aug.
Total Assets
14,517 as of Jun. 2020 vs. 15,535 as of Jun. 2019
Total Assets 83,048 as of Aug. 2020 vs. 88,126 as of Aug. 2019
Industry Focus
Southeast Asia Gross profit
Operating profit
Pre-tax Profit
Net Profit
(MYR)
Year Ended Jun.
2020
534.907
48.282
9.714
7.300
2.417
2019
680.729
97.961
71.846
68.822
57.578
Change (%)
-21.4
-50.7
-86.4
-89.3
-95.8
Total Income
Pre-tax Profit (Loss)
Net Profit (Loss)
2020
3,325.019
(151.938)
(322.123)
2019
4,552.456
37.996
25.585
Change (%)
-26.9
---
---
2020
1,518.753
(106.527)
(77.516)
2019
1,955.478
77.557
58.623
Change (%)
-22.3
---
---
2020
31,450.1
3,764.0
3,140.4
2019
40,198.9
6,196.9
4,361.9
Change (%)
-21.7
-39.2
-26.9
Period
(INR)
(INR)
Year Ended Mar.
Year Ended Mar.
Year Ended Mar. (INR)
Total Assets 289.250 as of Jun. 2020 vs. 277.444 as of Jun. 2019
Total Assets 2,527.309 as of Mar. 2020 vs. 2,820.867 as of Mar. 2019
1,399.809 as of Mar. 2020 vs. 1,408.142 as of Mar. 2019
32,315.2 as of Mar. 2020 vs. 33,963.5 as of Mar. 2019
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Revenue
Period
087
Association
Interview with
Global Fastener Association Presidents EFDA
NFDA
TFTA
FAI
European Fastener Distributors Association
U.S. National Fastener Distributors Association
Taiwan Fastener Trading Association
Fastener Association of India
president
president
chairman
president
Dr. Volker Lederer
Adam Derry
Josh Chen
Abhijat Sanghvi
FIJ
KFFIC
NEVIB
HKSFC
The Fastener Institute of Japan
Korea Federation of Fastener Industry Cooperatives
NEVIB
Hong Kong Screw and Fastener Council
Executive Director
chairman
president
chairman
Yoshikazu Oiso
Hansung Jung
Robert Klaassen
Cheung Kin Ming compiled by Fastener World
The year 2020 has posed many challenges to the global industries and the original supply chain deployment and operation has also confronted with unprecedented drastic change. Many behaviors used to be considered abnormal have recently become a new normal in the everyday life of the public, not to mention that the global fastener companies have been also suffering the impact, forcing them to seek more opportunities when shipment approaches are still not stable and social distancing is still required.
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As a result, we have invited EFDA, NFDA, TFTA, FAI, FIJ, KFFIC, NEVIB, HKSFC to share with us their feedback on the following questions mostly in regard to the impact of the pandemic on the fastener industry. We hope that, through the valuable sharing of their perspectives on the questions and the approaches as well as resources these associations have recently established with their governments, our fastener industry could soon recover its vibrant prosperity.
▍ 1. Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 in 2019, have the domestic industries with great fastener demand in the region your association represents appear any significant change? Is there any difference from the industries’ previous expectations or forecasts?
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EFDA
We have seen a decline in demand in many industries on the customer side. Especially the automobile and the machine construction industries have been hit particularly hard by the pandemic. These industries continued to struggle with major problems during the second and third quarter of 2020. But there seemed to be first signs of recovery in September 2020.
Association NFDA
There definitely was a disruption in demand. At first it appeared the disruption was going to be temporary as the U.S. and individual States put plans together to address the pandemic. Unfortunately, uncertainty is still high here in the States, so demand is at best unstable. There is some level of optimism for market recovery.
NEVIB
In the Dutch market, many industrial companies felt the effects of the Covid-19 outbreak, especially in the field of the automotive industries. E.g., manufacturers of touring cars, trucks and also cars saw their order-input drop by large numbers. As these companies work with delivery times of many months, it is expected that the year 2021 will be a very hard one to survive. But also other producers of industrial products saw their turnover drop because of lower investments by their clients.
FIJ
Local automotive, machinery, electrical, and many other industries with a large amount of fastener demand all faced the problem of production suspension. In addition, the suspended production of building materials (sanitary products, for example) in China led to delayed shipments to Japan, thus resulting in a stagnant status of residential construction activities in Japan. As a result, the domestic fastener demand from March through July 2020 was around 50% less than the previous same period.
KFFIC
We have been facing many changes since the outbreak of COVID-19. In particular, we, as the fastener industry, are greatly concerned about the sluggish market, including the decreased demand in the automobile industry and the advent of ecofriendly vehicles, which is causing a big transformation of the automobile industry. As the biggest consumer of products of the fastener industry, the Korean automobile industry accounts for almost 70% of total fastener demand in Korea. Looking at the market condition of the Korean automobile industry, we are shocked by the following figures: accumulated production dropped by 16.3% from January to August 2020; exports decreased by 28.9%; and the accumulated exports of vehicle parts fell by 28.1% in monetary terms during the same period. Furthermore, we are also worried that the ever-increasing size of the market for eco-friendly automobiles including EVs and hydrogen-powered electric vehicles will have a great effect on the fastener industry. Moreover, the forecast for Korea’s overall economic growth has been repeatedly adjusted, adding to the atmosphere of negative growth. We are also aware that the global economic growth is also predicted to be negative. In February 2020, the IMF predicted that the global GDP would be 3.3% in 2020, and 3.4% in 2021. But in August, the organization adjusted its prediction, forecasting that the global GDP would be -4.9% in 2020, and 5.4% in 2021. After the OECD forecasted, in February 2020 that the global GDP would be 2.9% in 2020 and 3.0% in 2021, it also adjusted its forecast, predicting that the global GDP would drop to -6.0% in 2020 and 5.2% in 2021 when the global economic growth is expected to be stabilized as long as there would be no re-spread of the virus. Korea is no exception. The Bank of Korea expected in February 2020 that the Korean GDP would stand at 2.1% and 2.4% in 2020 and 2021 respectively. But in August, the Korean central bank adjusted its prediction to -1.3% and 2.8% in 2020 and 2021 respectively. We believe such economic predictions and industrial trends are accurately reflecting the current status of the fastener industry.
FAI
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has been global and we can safely say that no country or industry sector has been spared from any negative change. The Indian Fastener Industry is no different. With at least a couple of months of complete shutdown to limping partial starts, Buyer orders did reduce, cash flow cycles were affected & partial attendance of staff and workers have had a staggering impact on company financials. While it is apparent that there would be a big dip in Industry’s expectation and forecasts, it is too early to estimate numbers especially for our Industry where a large chunk of which are MSME’s (micro, small, medium enterprises) and whose financials are not public.
NFDA
Of course. Distributors and OEM’s alike are managing cash and thus inventory. There is definitely a more conservative approach and companies are looking for cost savings wherever they can find it to protect their P&L and their employees. In terms of supply chain, pushing out orders and then requiring expedited deliveries seems to be the norm these days. Demand is uncertain and volatile.
EFDA
We cannot see major disruptions in the supply chain.
NEVIB
As fasteners are used everywhere the Dutch domestic supply chain was hit in a severe way.
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▍ 2. (Following question 1) Do those market changes generate any specific impact on the domestic fastener supply chain?
Association FIJ
Take the machine and equipment industry for example, if the supply of some parts used in machines is suspended, the entire supply chain will be forced to stop. The decentralized supply chain may be also a problem to the industry.
KFFIC
It is true that the sluggish economy and shrinking demand are directly impacting the fastener industry. The operation rate of the fastener industry has dropped, causing employment uncertainty and having a negative effect on the relevant production, domestic consumption and exports.
FAI
The major impact on the domestic fastener supply chain has been availability of steel wire being the raw material for industry. As companies began resuming to possibly full capacity by Aug-Sep 2020 with order books refilling, the unfortunate blow came in the form of steel availability being limited and resulting in spiraling steel prices. Another reason was that imported raw material was coming in restricted numbers. The domestic fastener chain which relies heavily on credit to customers was also severely affected by payments being deferred and cash flows which were already affected by a few months of shutdown took a further hit. As mentioned since our domestic industry consists of a large number of MSMEs, there are a lot of companies finding it difficult to tide over these tough times.
▍ 3. In response to those market changes and impacts, have domestic fastener suppliers adopted any necessary measures or adjustments? EFDA
Many fastener distributors agreed to postpone the dates of delivery as the demand by their customers declined. In order to secure liquidity some fastener distributors postponed orders from their suppliers.
NFDA
Yes. They have reduced work force and operating hours to control costs and to provide safety to their employees.
NEVIB
Because of the lower turnover, Dutch fastener suppliers had to take their own measures. Thanks to a large Dutch government support programme, which included subsidizing salaries for companies that suffered a loss of turnover of 20% or more, so far not many jobs were lost in the fastener industry. However, large investments by the companies are put on hold.
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FIJ
The domestic companies’ usual way to deal with a sudden complete stop of supply is to purchase the same category of products from different companies and keep the number of critical products in stock above a safe level.
▍ 4. According to your observation, has the domestic fastener industry your association represents reported any sign of recovery after adopting those necessary measures and adjustments?
090
KFFIC
There will be various ways to respond to these market changes. From the perspective of the domestic industry, we could reshuffle the structure of the fastener industry, or reduce the concentration on the automobile industry in the medium and long term. In the short term, we could carry out programs for boosting the competitiveness of the industry. For instance, we could pursue smart strategies for the automation and digitalization of the industry, use government’s programs such as designating SMEs as ‘professional companies for materials, parts and devices,’ and as ‘professional companies for source technologies,’ and actively utilize the government’s support institutions for maintaining employment stability. Each of the fastener companies is certainly implementing such programs, and the KFFIC is also actively promoting and providing information for the Korean fastener industry to conduct activities for strengthening its competitiveness.
FAI
India being heavily populated is a country where the impact of Covid-19 has been big and to adapt to measures such as social distancing has been hard though most are aware of the preventive advantages and have adapted well to take these measures. These measures also have impacted production. The learning curve for adaptation to market changes is yet on as we face a global u npre ce dent e d sit uat ion a nd t he process of adjustment will be continuous even after the end of Covid-19.
EFDA
We have seen signs of recovery since September 2020. We do not think, however, that these positive developments are the result of any particular measures taken by the fastener distributors during the pandemic but that they are owed the general recovery of the global market.
Association NFDA
There was some optimism as the economy saw some improvement in September and October 2020; levels were still well below pre-COVID production levels but were improving. There was some uncertainty with it being an election year as well. A lot of uncertainty around us.
NEVIB
The Covid-19 crisis started in The Netherlands in mid-March, 2020. There was a major lockdown for three months, and the effect was that economic activity was low until July 2020. In September 2020, business picked up somewhat. But as Covid-19 is still raging on in the Netherlands, the future is uncertain.
KFFIC
FIJ
Such measures and programs are mostly those from which we will be able to see results in the long term. Meanwhile, with the expansion of the ‘untact’ businesses, each of the companies actively involved in would have immediate effects. We know that they are making deals through ‘untact’ online video conferences under this circumstances where face-to-face meetings are impossible. We are seeing results by utilizing the government’s fast-track system when entering and leaving the country. While conducting such activities, the quarantine system of each nation due to COVID-19 is undoubtedly the biggest obstacle.
FAI
As mentioned earlier, the recovery has been gradual and good after the initial months of shutdown with even exports picking up in due course. Though as order books kept filling in well since Aug-Sep 2020, we faced a big obstacle of steel availability. This will also be a short period as we expect major recovery starting from Jan 2021. This is keeping in mind that no big spike in Covid-19 numbers resurfaces causing partial or full shutdown again.
▍ 5. According to what we have learnt so far, suppliers in some markets have reported gradual recovery of their capacity, however, their shipments are still partially restricted due to international border control. Have the members your association represents also encountered similar issues in their product export or import?
KFFIC
After all, the bottom line is whether exports and imports would go through customs even if deals are made online. To address such issues, policy cooperation among governments is absolutely needed, rather than measures adopted by the industry. As far as we know, the industry faced too many difficulties when unloading their shipments at an early stage, and such issues have now been addressed to some extent. In addition, the issue of clearing customs in those nations with which we have large amounts of trade are reported to be somewhat alleviated by establishing a fast-track system when entering and departing such nations, thanks to the cooperation of relevant governments.
EFDA
We have not received a ny complaints by our members regarding restrictions on shipment.
FAI
At the moment there are no signs in Holland of problems due to international border controls. However, during the first half year of 2020 delivery times of some shipments in China were longer as a result of the Covid-19 problem in China.
KFFIC
The KFFIC is presenting suggestions made by and delivering problems faced by our members to each of the relevant government bodies. As far as we know, the government and authorities are working together to address concerns of the industry and they all continue to carry out cooperation with trading nations.
FAI
We have not taken up this particular issue as we have focused on larger issues that we have addressed with authorities especially those concerning steel which is the primary raw material.
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Exports have recovered well in the second half of 2020 and though there are no known restrictions on shipments from India, the impact on cost has been alarmingly high with sea freight and clearance charges increasing. This obviously has an effect on the viability of order acceptance with customers not willing to absorb these costs thus affecting the bottom line. We hope this will ease out in due course.
NEVIB
▍ 6. (Following question 5) Have your members adopted any measure to deal with the shipment issue? Would it be possible that the Association help these members negotiate with relevant authorities on this issue for further assistance?
We hope to see normal economic activities soon.
Association ▍ 7. The fastener demand from the automotive and aerospace industries seems to be on a drastic decline. Which industry sector do you think may be the alternative for the suppliers to seek more opportunities? Do you see any industry that shows a significant increase in fastener demand? EFDA
Electro mobility is def initely a growing sector, and the solar industry is strong, too. We know that the DIY sector has done particularly well during the pandemic.
NFDA
Don’t give up on automotive. Focus more on crossovers, SUV’s and truck production, as well as electric vehicles in this category. In terms of alternative sectors, I would suggest focusing on industries whose product(s) allow people to stay home, whether it be to shop or to work, or recreational products, lawn/garden or healthcare.
NEVIB
At the moment, the demand for fasteners for the automotive and aerospace sectors is very challenging. And as almost all industries are operating at a lower level, we see no possibility to look for more other interesting sectors.
FIJ
The demand for automotive fasteners is decreasing, while the demand for construction fasteners remains flat.
KFFIC
As many changes would come with both crises and opportunities, the trend of “untact” businesses emerging after the virus outbreak is providing another opportunity for the ICT industry even in this gloomy mood of the automobile industry. Securing demand from the ICT industry is not a simple task for the fastener suppliers to handle. But we strongly believe that we are able to secure it based on continuous R&D. The aerospace industry is a painful field for the fastener suppliers. Even though we have built robust cooperation and relations with the automobile industry, we have failed to advance into the aerospace sector, which, in fact, ironically could become a very attractive area for us to move into. We think that we could achieve fruitful results by shifting our know-how we have built up from the automobile industry to the aerospace sector.
FAI
The automotive industry has been affected since 2019 with slower demand and was further hit in 2020 massively. The passenger car segments are those which slow down when aspiring consumers stall their buying plans or when regular consumers postpone their planned purchases in tough financial periods. Covid-19 has affected millions of jobs and businesses & the automotive industry has been severely hit. On the positive side, demand for the two wheeler vehicles which is a huge number in India has been upbeat. Meanwhile, the aerospace industry is not a significantly big industry for Indian suppliers yet. Though not in the short run, the infrastructure industry holds huge promise in India with big plans and huge spending laid down by the government. As there is anticipated recovery for most sectors by 2022, this is one sector which will definitely be big for India.
China Fastener World no.61/2021
▍ 8. Although there still exist many variants amid the pandemic, making it difficult for us to forecast future development of the fastener industry, in your opinion, what can the fastener industry do to face challenges that may come up in the next few months? Is there any aspect you think suppliers can currently pay more attention to? EFDA
Dur ing the pandem ic it is more important than ever for suppliers and customers to stay in close contact and inform each other about their needs as long as the uncertainties brought by the Corona virus and protectionist tendencies on the world markets continue to exist.
NEVIB
NFDA
FIJ
Be nimble and quick to change course as the details change in the US economy. The election results is a big part of our country’s strategy moving forward.
KFFIC
In this context, the fastener industry is not a leading industry. Fastener suppliers just follow the demands of their clients. I see no aspects our suppliers can currently pay more attention to, other than permanently striving to deliver the best service to their customers. The reliability of fasteners made in Japan has to be continuously maintained and the productivity has to be increased. As a result, continuous technology innovation definitely cannot be ignored.
We think that no one can be sure of any possibilities of re-spread or variants of COVID-19. What is clear and important is that the mankind will conquer the virus sooner or later, and remember it as one of many infectious diseases people faced in the past. We, as the fastener industry, are making a number of adaptations to overcome the barriers we face, which will surely help support the competitiveness of the industry.
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Association FAI
As you rightly point out, it is extremely difficult to forecast the future growth. The stark reality and biggest challenge is survival of the fittest. Keeping costs in check, efficient production, tight quality controls and high management commitment coming out of 2020 even financially breaking for a major chunk of the industry is the need of the hour. Sticking with the right customers who have stood by their suppliers in their tough times is paramount. Those customers who are looking at squeezing their suppliers in terms of unviable pricing or heavily delayed payment cycles should be reconsidered.
▍ 9. Due to the pandemic, many exhibitions and industry activities have been already cancelled or become virtual events in order to avoid “face-to-face” contact, does your association also plan to give similar events in the following months? EFDA
EFDA had its 20th anniversary in 2020. We postponed the festivities to 2021 because we would like to celebrate this event together with our members and friends from Europe, Asia and America. With regard to our daily work EFDA and its members make frequent use of videoconferences and webinars.
NFDA
Yes. Lots of virtual events are
scheduled.
NEVIB
At the moment our association avoids all face-to-face contacts, and we expect things to stay like this for the foreseeable future.
FIJ
Meetings of our committee are not held in any specific place, but are given as videoconferences, and so are our seminars and presentations.
KFFIC
Some of the common damages arising from the outbreak of COVID-19 are the cancelation and delay of various events including exhibitions, unveiling shows for new products, large-scale seminars, etc. Even as many Korean businesses have also encountered damages, Korea Metal Week, the only event of the fastener industry in Korea, was successfully held under a somewhat quiet atmosphere in June 2020. Therefore, a number of events and projects have been canceled or postponed to next year. We hope that COVID-19 is quickly eliminated and we expect that Korea Metal Week, which is scheduled for June 2021, will be successfully held. We, at the KFFIC, strengthen ties among our member CEOs by attending overseas renowned fairs and visiting main overseas associations and companies every year, but have not yet made any visits, which is most disappointing. Taking this opportunity, we would like to say that we are looking forward to seeing you, overseas relevant associations and those involved in the industry this year.
FAI
Most companies and individuals worldwide have adapted to virtual contact quite well. This is an essential system to be followed which will be used forward for a long time to come. Virtual events though will take time to kick off with low understanding of how to use them to our advantage yet companies have no choice but to adapt to this new phenomenon. We have no plans from the association to conduct such events in 2020 though will structure plans for 2021.
▍ 10. Is there also anything else you’d like to share with our readers? EF DA will cont inue to use videoconferences when the pandemic is over. Videoconferencing works very well – and saves money and time – when you need to exchange information or take decisions for the daily business. We hope, however, that it will be possible to hold face-to-face events in 2021 because we think personal contact is essential for a successful cooperation at a global level.
KFFIC
We wish you health and safety even amidst this outbreak of COVID-19 that is bringing unprecedentedly enormous shocks and impacts. We are expecting that the outbreak is going to be contained sometime in the middle of 2021. To everyone in the fastener industry! We hope that COVID-19 will be quickly contained and that we all can be vibrant again, smiling and seeing each other face-to-face again in every corner of the global market, as we were in the past. Thank you!
China Fastener World no.61/2021
EFDA
NEVIB
Like many people, we hope that this pandemic will be over as soon as possible. We regret the many victims it has caused all over the world.
093
Association
TFTA Chairman Josh Chen:
Cautiously Optimistic to the Modest Recovery of Taiwan’s Economy Since the outbreak of Covid-19 in the yearend of 2020 inflicting heavy losses to the global market, many industries have been suffering from their own “harsh winter,” such as factories being forced to lower, halt, or even fully stop production due to shrinking demand. Fortunately, with a few months of effort to contain the spread of the pandemic, many countries and regions have reported a significant more flattened curve on their pandemic chart, showing an increasing possibility of recovering industrial prosperity in the very near future. Taiwan, undoubtedly, is one that has been doing a very good job on pandemic control this time. Its undefeatable industrial supply chains not only keep running normally, but also are an indispensable support behind the global industrial supply chains.
▍ Orders Placed to Taiwan Fastener Industry are Gradually Back Again / The Promising Future May Not be Far Away Chairman of Taiwan Fastener Trading Association (TFTA), Mr. Josh Chen, is also holding a cautiously optimistic view on the current Taiwan fastener industry. He said, “2020 is definitely a year full of challenges and difficulties. On the one hand, fluctuations of exchange rates and national border conflicts led to several problems; on the other hand, the sudden outbreak of Covid-19 also brought the whole world’s economy into a long and dark time. In the period from about May through July 2020, Taiwan was indeed heavily influenced by dropping international demand. However, according to my observation , the order intake, production, and shipment of Taiwan fastener industry already appeared a sign of gradual growing momentum, and lead times and deliveries were running normal as well.” Although the pandemic seems to have reached its 2nd high peak in some countries in Europe and is still not under effective control, Chairman Chen said, “Since the beginning of last October, the order intake of Taiwanese fastener companies has appeared a sign of growth, which is opposite to the trend in other countries. Not only the number of orders is significantly increasing, but also the amount of orders is also showing an uptick. Originally, I thought that there might be a series of closedown in Taiwan fastener industry amid the pandemic, however, I haven’t seen any significant case thus far, which adequately proves that after several decades of development Taiwan fastener industry has accumulated quite a few solid bases for industrial development.”
TFTA
We have gradually felt the growth in order placements, as many of our overseas clients are running out of stock.
China Fastener World no.61/2021
▍ Foreign Clients are Running out of Stock and Their Demand for Replenishment is on the Rise Over the past few months many Taiwanese fastener suppliers faced problems like “being unable to ship products to clients as these clients required to suspend their orders due to the frozen demand from their downstream clients, or increasing pressure from their banks’ due dates to pay back loans due to their clients’ failure to make the payment in time. Chairman Chen said, “I could totally understand their situations, and I’m convinced that these situations won’t last too long. We have gradually felt the growth in order placements, as many of our overseas clients are running out of stock. On the other hand, as the service mode of the fastener industry is basically production by order, a transaction can not only be finished via email (i.e., the Internet), but can also be completed via an e-commerce platform, instead of face-to-face communication frequently adopted in other industries, which is perhaps one of the reasons that overseas orders are coming back at a fast pace.” Chairman Chen added, “Take the automotive fastener demand as example, although it slumped badly in the last few months, its influence was short. Plus, many overseas car manufacturers have gradually reactivated their production lines, so the demand is going to rebound. In terms of new car sales in Taiwan, the number of imported cars is even higher than that of domestically produced cars. Under such a trend, the so-called ‘retaliative’ growth should be very likely to appear soon.”
094
▍ Demand for Medical, DIY, and Sports Utilities Fasteners May Jump High In response to the demand amid the pandemic, the fastener demand from various industries is also increasing. For example, the demand for ventilators and protective face shields is greatly increasing, benefiting several manufacturers focusing their business on theses fields. On the other hand, Keeping social distancing and working from home also indirectly boost the growth in home improvement and DIY fastener demand. Chen added, “The pandemic did significantly boost the demand for medical and DIY fasteners. With everyone paying more attention to their health, fasteners for sports utilities and bicycles may be some of the suitable directions for our industry to focus on in the future.”
▍ Trying to Get Well-Prepared in the Crisis The current pandemic is still full of many uncertainties, making it difficult to forecast the future development of Taiwan fastener industry in 2021. However, Chen thinks, “Although it is difficult for us to forecast, the trend of an uptick and a rebound from the bottom should be positive if we view the recent performance of Taiwan fastener industry. I suggest that our friends from the industry should be well-prepared and take a faster move to improve their facilities and train their staff and be brave to take on any challenge and make a breakthrough. If no adverse external factor similar to Covid-19 will happen again, the performance of the industry 2021 may be better than 2020!”
▍ TFTA Can Help with Industrial Talent Training Technology and talent are both cornerstones for industrial development. In recent years, Taiwan fastener industry has been working really hard to improve its manufacturing technology and quality of products, making it recognized by overseas customers worldwide. However, there still exists a serious problem of the so-called talent gap. As a result, considering that talent cultivation is one of the issues Taiwan fastener industry is eager to reinforce, TFTA has also signed a collaboration memorandum with Taiwan’s Metal Industries Research and Development Centre (MIRDC) for strengthening the cultivation of the young generation of fastener talent. Chen concluded, “Under the collaboration between TFTA and MIRDC, we will give relevant practical courses on fastener manufacturing. The first course will only accept a few attendees in order to achieve effective learning results. We hope that through the assistance of TFTA, our members and Taiwan fastener industry can reinforce their personnel training and promote their industrial competitive edge.”
Association
Words from
HKSFC Chairman Cheung Kin Ming
When the Covid-19 was first discovered and some people were tested positive at the end of 2020, many people at that time were not fully aware of the fatality of the virus, and some countries even deemed it as flu, and therefore, only adopted simple countermeasures which would not immediately impact their economic growth, as they originally thought that this pandemic could be soon under control. Unfortunately, the contagion and fatality of this virus far exceeded our forecast and has spread to the whole world, which is still not under control. As China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan once suffered from the influence of SARS in 2003 and learned some experience, the governments and residents across the region were reacting to this pandemic and taking immediate sanitary measures against it faster and more carefully, thus causing less influence to the livelihood of the public. Most HKSFC members set up their own factories in mainland China, so they have to frequently travel between the mainland and Hong Kong for work or for their family. However, due to the pandemic, all land customs at the border between Hong Kong and the mainland (except for those at Shenzhen Bay and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge) have been closed. People entering the mainland are also required to submit a “Covid-19 tested negative” report and are mandated to quarantine for 14 days, which results in a significant influence to most HKSFC members and other Kong Kong businesses. The pandemic also poses a big challenge to HKSFC, as all domestic and overseas meetings have to be virtual now. As a result, we cannot help but cancel or postpone all visiting plans, sessions, chairman inauguration, and domestic/overseas trade shows. Measures taken by the Chinese and Hong Kong governments to fight against the pandemic have also led to influence on the fastener and many other industries to a certain extent. The pandemic went into its most rampant period during Chinese new year holidays, when many employees in the mainland returned to their hometowns by car, train or plane for celebrating the new year, which also posed a big challenge to the pandemic control. As a result, local governments mandated businesses and factories in various industry sectors to implement immediate measures to contain the spread of the pandemic, including visitor registration, declaration, quarantine at medical centers, taking the temperature before entering offices, reducing daily workforce and working hours, restricting areas for dining, etc. Local officials would also carry out irregularly on-the-spot inspection. Factories were also doing whatever contracting the virus and ask employees to keep social distancing and personal hygiene.
HKSFC
People entering the mainland are also required to submit a “Covid-19 tested negative” report and are mandated to quarantine for 14 days, which result in a significant inf luence to most HKSFC members and other Kong Kong businesses. The pandemic also poses a big challenge to HKSFC, as all domestic and overseas meetings have to be virtual now. As a result, we cannot help but cancel or postpone all visiting plans, sessions, chairman inauguration, and domestic/overseas trade shows.
it could to prevent employees from
The above mentioned measures did actually cause a great influence on the material, capacity, workforce, and shipment arrangement of factories and their supply chains. The biggest influence was insufficient capacity that directly led to hiking material prices. On the other hand, the shipment time and efficiency of express and logistics service providers were also influenced. In certain areas where the influence of the pandemic was bigger, mail receiving and delivery service could not even be provided. From my recent interaction with HKSFC directors and members, I learned that most enterprises in our region also faced the same difficulty. However, some of them consider the difficulty an opportunity to further promote automated production and reduce the issue of low capacity due to insufficient workforce and save costs. Because of several economic issues caused by the pandemic, I think that the positive result still won’t be seen until only after a certain period of time.
At the beginning of this year, the demand for medical masks started to far exceed the supply, and many investors jumped into the medical mask industry, creating a new opportunity to suppliers providing fasteners to related mask machine manufacturers. As there will be still many variants in the development of the pandemic and the fastener industry will continue to face challenges, we thus have to make effort to avoid unnecessary expenses and improve our strengths in order to get well-prepared for the advent of future.
HKSFC would have been the host of the Four Regions Fastener Association Conference in 2020. Due to the
pandemic, this Conference was re-scheduled to take place in 2021. We hope that through the Conference we
can discuss face to face the future industrial development & advancement and share constructive opinions with each other. And, I personally hope that it will be soon realized and we can meet each other without wearing masks someday. I’d also like to thank Fastener World Magazine for its dedication to offering customers service and arousing the concern about the influence on the fastener industry and its future. I hope that we can get out of the dilemma as soon as possible, the pandemic can soon come to an end, and all walks of life can enjoy prosperity again in a foreseeable future.
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
2020 is undoubtedly an extremely difficult year for most industries and our fastener industry also faced an unprecedented challenge. As an old saying goes, “A bad thing may be also a good thing, while a good thing may be also a bad thing.” One of these examples is the mask manufacturing industry that drew everyone’s attention overnight. Due to the outbreak of the pandemic worldwide, the demand for medical masks reached a new high in history. As most of these industries also require the use of fasteners, our fastener industry can also play a core role.
Technology Perhaps there is no industry that would experience such stormy development as cars. Thanks to Henry Ford, it has gradually shifted from manual to automated production. The automotive industry is today the most important industrial sector in many developed countries. Similarly, it is in Slovakia, which has dominated the world ranking for several years in the number of cars produced per 1,000 inhabitants. For this reason it was often named as the "Detroit of Europe".
"Detroit"
Fig. 1. Automakers in Slovakia
in the Heart of Europe
Prologue
by Jozef Dominik
Slovakia's attractiveness lies primarily in the strategic position in the heart of Europe (Fig. 1) at the crossroads of major transport routes between Krakow - Budapest and Berlin – Moscow, in addition to the relative sufficiency of skilled labor force and last but not least in a solid infrastructure, either road or rail. It is noteworthy that all Slovak carmakers are located in the northwestern part of the country, which is already starting to activate national labor migration. As can be seen from Fig. 2 approximately 44% of the total industrial production of Slovakia consists of the production of cars. Brands such as VW, Peugeot, Citroën, KIA have been established for a long time here and now Jaguar Land Rover. Overall, more than 10 6 cars are produced in Slovakia a year. There are plenty of reasons to pay adequate attention to this industry generally.
Automotive Production in Terms of Assembly
Fig. 2. Slovakian Industrial Production
The characteristic features of automotive production are: 1.
High series
2.
High degree of automation of production
3.
High demand for quality and safety
Considering that the dominant assembly technology of car manufacturing is welding and screwing and that one car contains as many as 2,000 different screws, nuts and other fasteners, then it is globally a gigantic consumption of fasteners that must meet the conditions of automatic assembly. In the next text, therefore, attention will be paid to the specificities of vehicle assembly in terms of the screw connections used.
Fig. 3. Robotic Arm
China Fastener World no.61/2021
As can be seen from Fig. 3, the mounting robot screws must have at least 3 freedom degrees. It is important to supply components that have to be properly oriented. The necessity of orientation has caused that wherever there is no need for a demountable joint, welding dominates automotive production. However, there are a number of cases where the screws are indispensable. For example, engine surroundings, gearboxes, chassis, brake systems, wheel attachments and many other construction nodes require detachable joints to service and maintain. According to VDI 2862 "Minimum restrictions for the application of fastening systems and tools in the automotive industry" there are three categories of screw connections in cars (Fig. 4). The most dangerous category is "A" because it is responsible for car accidents. This includes, for example, fastening wheels. It is the most critical operation, not from the manufacturer's point of view, but from the point of view of the user, because he is sometimes forced to do it himself, amateur in the field, without the use of the appropriate professional tools. Statistics show that wheel fastening bolts are most likely to loosen after 50 to 100 kilometers of ride from repeated assembly. In such cases, it is advisable to visit an authorized service center as soon as possible and have the tightening torque checked. Fig. 5 shows a cautionary example of the amateur mounting of the wheel bolt. The broken thread indicates that the bolt has been tightened with a tightening torque that is too high. The consequences are not hard to guess.
096
Fig. 4. Automotive Screw Types
Fig. 5. Autotmotive Bolt
Technology
Fig. 7. Deformation of Automotive Screws
Drivers mostly ignore it, but it is enough to see statistics of motor vehicle crashes as a result of loosened driving wheels. Loosened wheels threaten not only passengers of vehicles but also the unsuspecting surroundings. Dangers can also be caused by overloading the vehicle. Around 7.5% of trucks checked by VOSA (Vehicle Operators Services Agency) were found to be overloaded. Excessive load of one (Fig. 6) or both axles causes deformation of the screws (Fig. 7), to dislodge the mounting holes on the discs and gradually to disengage the nuts and, in the extreme case, also the driving wheels. This type of stress is defined as a rotating bending, and it is one of the most complicated and most dangerous combined stresses in elasticity and strength. The only effective measure is to strictly adhere to the load prescribed by the manufacturer and to ensure uniform loading. Often the weight of the crew, which may exceed the weight of the luggage in passenger cars, is often ignored.
Fig. 8. Impact of Surface Condition of Screws and Nuts
It should be remembered that even for incorrect assembly of wheels after their replacement or overloading the vehicle, the manufacturer is not responsible. Likewise, a garage can not be responsible for what it can not influence. However, driving schools should include at least a montage minimum in their syllabus, focusing in particular on wheel assemblies. The reason is simple - this is the most common operation that a driver must sometimes perform. Such training would, for example, help to learn about the importance of friction when tightening. It does not matter if an oiled or dry, new or rusty screw connection is tightened. Impact of surface condition of screws and nuts is well confirmed in Fig. 8. Therefore, it is important to entrust this work to a specialist workshop that not only controls the theory and practice of wheel assembly, but also has professional tools.
Summary In the world, the number of cars and the number of crashes are rising. As the statistics suggest, the causes of a crash are not just the non-compliance with traffic regulations, but the state of the vehicle is also important.
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Fig. 6. Excessive Load
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Industry Focus
U.S. Fasteners Trade with Turkey by Sabrina Rodriguez An analysis on U.S fastener trade from Turkey. Has the U.S. increased their fastener imports from Turkey? How much does the U.S. export to Turkey? Which U.S. companies are leading in fastener trade with Turkey? Data note: The data for this article is derived from the US Census trade statistics. US Import and Export Census trade statistics is based on all modes of transportation. That value is calculated in USD by CIF (imports). In this article fasteners are defined as any product under HS Code 7318 (screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, rivets, cotters, cotter pins, washers and similar articles or iron or steel), as well as the subcategories of 7318.
When considering the U.S.’s major trading partners the immediate assumption is China and Southeast Asia, but data shows many other countries are involved in fastener trade with the U.S. Amongst these countries is Turkey, an Asian country located on the Mediterranean Sea and bordering several middle eastern countries. In 2019, the U.S. imported a total of 21,569,175 USD worth of fasteners from Turkey, making it the U.S. 18th largest trading partner. Turkey accounted for a mere 0.37% of the total value of fasteners imported into the U.S. in 2019. Similiarly, the U.S. exports fasteners, and in 2019 the U.S. exported a total value of 30,408,604 USD, ranking Turkey as the 16th largest fastener buyer in the world and accounting for 0.69% of the total value of U.S. fastener exports. Even though Turkey is a relatively small trading partner for the U.S., many recognized companies are sourcing fasteners from Turkey. Amongst these U.S. companies importing the largest quantity of fasteners from Turkey are Norm Fasteners, Tesla Motors and Livingston International. Like many U.S. companies, the last several years have become tumultuous for sourcing commodities from China due to the trade wars and increased tariffs. It is possible that many of these U.S. companies were previously sourcing from China but had to procure suppliers in other countries where they would ultimately pay less tariffs. In Turkey, the top companies exporting fasteners to the U.S. are Norm Civata San Tic, Pergamon Status Di Tcaret and Taskazan Somun Civata.
U.S. Imports from Turkey U.S. fastener imports from Turkey have gone from a total of 10,778,560 USD in 2016 to 21,568,175 USD in 2019 and increased every year during that period. Amongst the subcategories that increased the most significantly during this period are 731815 and 731829. During the first 10 months of 2020, 731815 had already reached a total value of 12,688,092 USD by comparison to full year 2019 which had a total value of 10,442,701 USD. 731816 has been on a continuous rise since 2016, demonstrating the biggest increase in 2018 when the total value increased to 3,179,896 USD from 1,737,194 USD in 2017. Other subcategories of fasteners have decreased total value over the years and have proven to be more unstable than others. 731822, 731821 and 731824 have proven to be extremely unstable with total yearly values increasing and decreasing sporadically over the years. United States - Import 2016-2019
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Import Origin
2016 USD
%
Taiwan
1,512,763,809
31.62
2017 KG
%
USD
544,975,268
36.03
1,695,177,002
%
2018 KG
%
USD
32.80
572,892,820
37.05
1,935,363,130
% 32.10
2019 KG
%
USD
%
642,108,310
36.03
2,017,113,212
34.53
KG
%
647,320,640
39.50 31.54
China
1,089,267,219
22.77
552,585,092
36.53
1,229,973,800
23.80
577,920,267
37.37
1,630,859,894
27.05
703,375,316
39.46
1,207,846,153
20.68
516,843,311
Japan
645,603,874
13.50
136,998,245
9.06
648,194,818
12.55
96,792,773
6.26
644,506,115
10.69
101,606,714
5.71
648,298,263
11.10
100,429,867
6.13
Germany
304,531,405
6.37
37,775,762
2.50
297,601,078
5.76
34,902,355
2.26
344,921,221
5.73
32,657,036
1.84
381,542,652
6.54
46,957,565
2.87 4.49
Canada
263,340,402
5.51
58,970,087
3.90
277,584,037
5.38
66,367,145
4.30
313,533,514
5.21
76,422,263
4.29
315,553,400
5.41
73,544,433
S. Korea
220,695,373
4.62
45,536,620
3.01
188,722,047
3.66
42,404,509
2.75
198,057,295
3.29
45,024,072
2.53
197,953,133
3.39
43,288,996
2.65
Mexico
105,183,837
2.20
12,552,726
0.83
110,837,933
2.15
12,593,742
0.82
121,771,895
2.02
13,636,933
0.77
132,206,656
2.27
12,899,674
0.79
Italy
103,507,730
2.17
15,010,621
1.00
139,830,777
2.71
20,744,214
1.35
161,124,929
2.68
22,662,888
1.28
150,498,031
2.58
19,697,076
1.21
India
94,439,645
1.98
46,518,739
3.08
99,159,729
1.92
49,848,457
3.23
124,494,325
2.07
54,607,876
3.07
155,067,539
2.66
61,184,524
3.74
France
83,194,275
1.74
3,622,410
0.24
88,195,580
1.71
4,399,425
0.29
87,583,105
1.46
4,368,457
0.25
89,293,822
1.53
3,372,924
0.21
United Kingdom
63,050,998
1.32
3,148,364
0.21
65,177,138
1.27
3,830,219
0.25
81,459,330
1.36
4,099,660
0.23
89,547,877
1.54
5,784,994
0.36 1.86
Thailand
55,253,123
1.16
22,327,066
1.48
64,834,787
1.26
24,160,324
1.57
84,438,487
1.41
28,596,628
1.61
88,549,925
1.52
30,462,423
Switzerland
30,316,776
0.64
1,050,951
0.07
34,541,920
0.67
1,532,972
0.10
33,629,670
0.56
1,265,788
0.08
32,178,307
0.56
2,456,966
0.15
Spain
22,526,535
0.48
2,987,871
0.20
18,788,155
0.37
1,923,122
0.13
20,661,358
0.35
2,898,303
0.17
28,863,974
0.50
3,689,273
0.23 0.13
Sweden
17,418,991
0.37
1,359,095
0.09
19,773,650
0.39
1,722,760
0.12
23,747,818
0.40
2,329,453
0.14
27,416,741
0.47
2,007,121
Vietnam
16,366,298
0.35
7,741,855
0.52
25,133,552
0.49
10,430,327
0.68
31,008,738
0.52
22,914,488
1.29
67,618,847
1.16
34,435,183
2.11
Netherlands
11,920,220
0.25
1,349,725
0.09
13,289,395
0.26
1,905,159
0.13
13,059,102
0.22
937,895
0.06
14,493,796
0.25
1,505,760
0.10
Czech Republic
11,874,307
0.25
1,180,848
0.08
13,284,723
0.26
1,591,710
0.11
15,682,317
0.27
1,500,867
0.09
17,009,804
0.30
1,831,772
0.12
Liechtenstein
11,308,143
0.24
1,663,662
0.11
10,836,125
0.21
1,451,596
0.10
11,169,713
0.19
1,193,420
0.07
15,222,401
0.27
1,626,967
0.10
Norway
11,191,675
0.24
1,036,765
0.07
4,102,565
0.08
650,751
0.05
4,269,514
0.08
582,967
0.04
10,249,657
0.18
639,656
0.04
Turkey
10,778,560
0.23
883,127
0.06
12,573,307
0.25
1,066,591
0.07
18,237,064
0.31
2,119,310
0.12
21,568,175
0.37
2,891,546
0.18
Total
098
4,785,685,901 100.00 1,512,964,397 100.00 5,168,791,299 100.00 1,546,678,148 100.00 6,029,489,521 100.00 1,782,518,912 100.00 5,841,885,221 100.00 1,638,796,650 100.00
Industry Focus
As predicted, trade was impacted during the first 10 months of 2020 by COVID-19 and many subcategories of fastener imports from Turkey decreased significantly. However, the overall total of fastener imports increased by 17% during the first 10 months of 2020 by comparison to the first 10 months of 2019. Subcategory 731819 increased the most in 2020 by 48% when compared to 2019, followed by 731815 which increased by 45% in 2020. United States - Import from Turkey 2016-2019 731815 - Threaded screws and bolts others, with or without their nuts or washers, of iron or steel 731829 - Nonthreaded articles (fasteners) others, of iron or steel 731816 - Nuts, threaded, of iron or steel 731812 - Wood screws other than coach screws, threaded, of iron or steel 731822 - Washers, other than lock washers, of iron or steel 731821 - Spring washers and other lock washers, of iron or steel Product HS (6)
2016 %
USD
731815
3,759,890
KG
34.89
%
373,373
2017 %
USD
42.28
4,617,292
36.73
731824 - Cotters and cotter pins, of iron or steel 731819 - Threaded articles of iron or steel others 731814 - Self-tapping screws, threaded, of iron or steel 731823 - Rivets of iron or steel 731813 - Screw hooks and screw rings, threaded, of iron or steel
KG
%
508,343
2018 %
USD
47.67
7,687,741
42.16
KG
%
1,053,036
2019 %
USD
49.69
10,442,701
KG
48.42
%
1,869,252
64.65
731829
2,313,048
21.46
26,826
3.04
2,481,752
19.74
14,103
1.33
3,533,092
19.38
173,114
8.17
5,159,274
23.93
226,707
7.85
731816
1,351,654.00
12.55
61,811
7.00
1,737,194
13.82
105,728
9.92
3,179,896
17.44
481,684
22.73
3,811,528
17.68
628,066
21.73
731812
1,102,610.00
10.23
311,540
35.28
905,460
7.21
267,568
25.09
1,005,753
5.52
279,234
13.18
445,183
2.07
91,617
3.17
731822
980,093.00
9.10
47,441
5.38
676,355
5.38
32,035
3.01
578,912
3.18
27,460
1.30
721,974
3.35
47,113
1.63 0.31
731821
489,585.00
4.55
21,804
2.47
1,639,253
13.04
64,252
6.03
1,879,880
10.31
79,542
3.76
471,227
2.19
8,888
731824
451,288.00
4.19
1,311
0.15
200,494
1.60
13,385
1.26
120,385
0.67
14,945
0.71
82,603
0.39
3,447
0.12
731819
215,347.00
2.00
26,208
2.97
176,991
1.41
45,626
4.28
163,166
0.90
1,893
0.09
301,006
1.40
5,553
0.20
731814
95,630.00
0.89
12,742
1.45
111,397
0.89
15,086
1.42
76,787
0.43
7,775
0.37
120,421
0.56
10,467
0.37
731823
11,517.00
0.11
45
0.01
17,583
0.14
327
0.04
7,040
0.04
500
0.03
7,874
0.04
317
0.02
731813
7,898.00
0.08
26
0.01
9,536
0.08
138
0.02
4,412
0.03
127
0.01
4,384
0.03
119
0.01
Total
10,778,560.00 100.00
883,127 100.00
12,573,307 100.00
1,066,591 100.00
18,237,064 100.00
2,119,310 100.00
21,568,175 100.00
2,891,546 100.00
United States - Import 2019 vs 2020 USD
01/01/2019 - 10/31/2019 % KG
%
USD
01/01/2020 - 10/30/2020 % KG
%
USD
Volume Change % KG
%
Taiwan
1,730,195,612
34.67
554,900,849
39.60
1,549,273,217
36.93
504,814,561
40.88
(180,922,395)
-10.46
(50,086,288)
-9.03
China
1,045,570,878
20.95
445,675,146
31.80
754,898,482
18.00
350,130,294
28.36
(290,672,396)
-27.81
(95,544,852)
-21.44 -22.43
Japan
547,735,693
10.98
84,386,825
6.03
421,231,244
10.05
65,463,599
5.31
(126,504,449)
-23.10
(18,923,226)
Germany
322,444,156
6.47
39,691,640
2.84
290,569,969
6.93
35,366,467
2.87
(31,874,187)
-9.89
(4,325,173)
-10.90
Canada
270,597,626
5.43
63,316,565
4.52
217,952,379
5.20
45,153,937
3.66
(52,645,247)
-19.46
(18,162,628)
-28.69
S. Korea
167,068,005
3.35
35,832,214
2.56
148,087,118
3.53
53,111,234
4.31
(18,980,887)
-11.37
17,279,020
48.23
India
132,575,433
2.66
52,414,943
3.74
93,923,087
2.24
45,600,451
3.70
(38,652,346)
-29.16
(6,814,492)
-13.01 -17.77
Italy
127,165,643
2.55
16,707,893
1.20
116,687,040
2.79
13,739,581
1.12
(10,478,603)
-8.25
(2,968,312)
Mexico
113,047,338
2.27
10,881,127
0.78
95,578,556
2.28
11,396,506
0.93
(17,468,782)
-15.46
515,379
4.74
Thailand
75,336,981
1.51
25,846,628
1.85
67,571,140
1.62
24,116,886
1.96
(7,765,841)
-10.31
(1,729,742)
-6.70
United Kingdom
74,742,510
1.50
4,844,421
0.35
72,160,376
1.73
5,459,409
0.45
(2,582,134)
-3.46
614,988
12.70
France
74,155,091
1.49
2,953,452
0.22
61,362,846
1.47
2,084,472
0.17
(12,792,245)
-17.26
(868,980)
-29.43
Vietnam
58,150,750
1.17
29,450,398
2.11
62,471,349
1.49
34,342,589
2.79
4,320,599
7.43
4,892,191
16.62
Switzerland
27,404,433
0.55
1,244,475
0.09
24,477,945
0.59
1,055,806
0.09
(2,926,488)
-10.68
(188,669)
-15.17 16.62
Spain
24,689,590
0.50
3,190,973
0.23
28,120,639
0.68
3,721,231
0.31
3,431,049
13.90
530,258
Malaysia
20,443,167
0.41
7,179,147
0.52
15,337,311
0.37
7,150,375
0.58
(5,105,856)
-24.98
(28,772)
-0.41
Sweden
20,128,526
0.41
1,694,983
0.13
15,197,660
0.37
900,002
0.08
(4,930,866)
-24.50
(794,981)
-46.91
Turkey
18,584,902
0.38
2,478,835
0.18
21,883,079
0.53
3,167,036
0.26
3,298,177
17.75
688,201
27.77
4,990,864,166
100.00
1,401,592,330
100.00
4,195,245,847
100.00
1,234,883,070
100.00
(795,618,319)
-15.95
(166,709,260)
-11.90
Total
099
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Import Origin
Industry Focus United States - Import from Turkey 2019 vs 2020 731815 - Threaded screws and bolts others, with or without their nuts or washers, of iron or steel 731829 - Nonthreaded articles (fasteners) others, of iron or steel 731816 - Nuts, threaded, of iron or steel 731822 - Washers, other than lock washers, of iron or steel 731812 - Wood screws other than coach screws, threaded, of iron or steel 731821 - Spring washers and other lock washers, of iron or steel Product HS (6)
01/01/2019 - 10/31/2019 % KG
USD
%
731819 - Threaded articles of iron or steel others 731814 - Self-tapping screws, threaded, of iron or steel 731824 - Cotters and cotter pins, of iron or steel 731823 - Rivets of iron or steel 731813 - Screw hooks and screw rings, threaded, of iron or steel 01/01/2020 - 10/30/2020 % KG
USD
%
Volume Change % KG
USD
%
731815
8,733,021
46.99
1,580,176
63.75
12,688,092
57.99
2,240,659
70.75
3,955,071
45.29
660,483
41.80
731829
4,763,584
25.64
217,975
8.80
4,057,799
18.55
50,310
1.59
(705,785)
-14.82
(167,665)
-76.92
731816
3,183,189
17.13
521,647
21.05
3,921,586
17.93
835,380
26.38
738,397
23.20
313,733
60.15
731822
639,474
3.45
43,131
1.74
325,326
1.49
13,191
0.42
(314,148)
-49.13
(29,940)
-69.42
731812
445,183
2.40
91,617
3.70
0
0.00
0
0.00
(445,183)
-100.00
(91,617)
-100.00
731821
379,831
2.05
7,273
0.30
246,469
1.13
1,408
0.05
(133,362)
-35.12
(5,865)
-80.65
731819
266,030
1.44
5,324
0.22
394,660
1.81
5,583
0.18
128,630
48.36
259
4.87
731814
96,110
0.52
8,438
0.35
134,932
0.62
10,809
0.35
38,822
40.40
2,371
28.10
731824
66,222
0.36
2,818
0.12
62,361
0.29
2,470
0.08
(3,861)
-5.84
(348)
-12.35
731823
7,874
0.05
317
0.02
51,854
0.24
7,226
0.23
43,980
558.55
6,909
2,179.50
731813 Total
4,384
0.03
119
0.01
0
0.00
0
0.00
(4,384)
-100.00
(119)
-100.00
18,584,902
100.00
2,478,835
100.00
21,883,079
100.00
3,167,036
100.00
3,298,177
17.75
688,201
27.77
Most fastener imports have traditionally been imported through the predominant eastern seaboard ports and gulf ports. Amongst the top three importing fasteners into the U.S. during 2019 were the ports of Philadelphia, Dallas Fort-Worth and New York City. Imports into the port of Philadelphia decreased by 48% during the first 10 months of 2020 by comparison to the same time frame in 2019. Meanwhile, imports into Dallas Fort-Worth and New York City increased in 2020. Port of San Francisco increased their fastener imports from Turkey by 1.167% during the first 10 months of 2020, totaling a value of 2,926,158 USD compared to 43,738 USD in 2019. Port of Miami demonstrated a similar increase in 2020, going from 102,646 USD in 2019 to 2,479,959 USD in 2020. That increase of 2.316% proved to be the most significant in 2020.
U.S. Exports to Turkey United States - Export 2016-2019
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Export Destination
2016 USD
%
2017 KG
%
USD
%
2018 KG
%
USD
%
2019 KG
%
USD
%
KG
%
Mexico
1,314,654,296
32.25
203,863,541
28.04
1,412,953,785
32.74
222,665,666
28.46
1,499,699,725
34.49
231,263,430
29.89
1,528,570,326
34.77
218,810,790
28.27
Canada
1,005,906,068
24.68
408,775,729
56.23
1,048,308,919
24.29
441,917,998
56.49
1,115,481,725
25.66
428,795,685
55.41
1,142,383,822
25.99
456,623,732
59.00
Brazil
299,423,733
7.35
7,366,754
1.02
293,671,098
6.81
9,298,870
1.19
92,605,918
2.13
8,267,540
1.07
109,464,772
2.49
10,875,768
1.41
China
190,075,624
4.67
23,026,246
3.17
214,463,469
4.97
25,026,182
3.20
204,021,437
4.70
18,255,470
2.36
183,175,516
4.17
9,689,066
1.26
United Kingdom
163,622,895
4.02
10,139,488
1.40
164,221,037
3.81
10,389,620
1.33
168,552,437
3.88
9,778,718
1.27
160,267,016
3.65
7,519,342
0.98
Germany
117,867,815
2.90
8,241,516
1.14
121,337,992
2.82
8,199,628
1.05
116,394,757
2.68
8,073,587
1.05
123,712,184
2.82
8,101,157
1.05
France
111,789,548
2.75
3,187,001
0.44
107,454,702
2.49
2,357,514
0.31
103,682,248
2.39
2,747,118
0.36
89,890,788
2.05
2,293,625
0.30
Japan
83,231,548
2.05
3,921,081
0.54
76,326,006
1.77
3,411,218
0.44
91,433,597
2.11
3,122,248
0.41
98,481,641
2.24
3,307,978
0.43
Singapore
77,791,434
1.91
4,137,691
0.57
86,775,503
2.02
3,449,250
0.45
96,586,451
2.23
3,443,820
0.45
104,546,228
2.38
3,654,153
0.48
S. Korea
65,706,333
1.62
4,044,874
0.56
83,023,821
1.93
3,976,045
0.51
89,653,958
2.07
4,325,897
0.56
88,427,189
2.02
3,487,393
0.46
Australia
53,263,745
1.31
2,786,774
0.39
72,189,571
1.68
3,479,478
0.45
72,274,354
1.67
3,659,816
0.48
73,097,950
1.67
4,522,533
0.59
Netherlands
33,750,636
0.83
3,443,941
0.48
33,171,802
0.77
3,306,741
0.43
38,618,921
0.89
3,795,089
0.50
32,977,306
0.76
2,950,051
0.39
Italy
33,209,728
0.82
1,757,287
0.25
37,137,615
0.87
2,119,679
0.28
34,639,767
0.80
1,803,799
0.24
34,726,324
0.79
2,166,257
0.28
Spain
30,730,216
0.76
3,285,002
0.46
32,885,566
0.77
3,300,002
0.43
37,386,332
0.86
3,404,930
0.44
36,080,842
0.83
2,342,826
0.31
Thailand
23,321,083
0.58
3,200,664
0.45
23,171,450
0.54
3,634,594
0.47
22,883,037
0.53
3,655,844
0.48
24,874,744
0.57
3,372,673
0.44
United Arab Emirates
22,936,285
0.57
940,348
0.13
22,643,101
0.53
899,110
0.12
20,374,007
0.47
1,187,955
0.16
29,313,035
0.67
1,182,518
0.16 0.36
India
22,924,971
0.57
2,311,975
0.32
35,445,913
0.83
3,051,150
0.39
36,818,357
0.85
3,515,981
0.46
34,232,691
0.78
2,758,027
Poland
22,508,002
0.56
1,625,661
0.23
18,409,414
0.43
1,260,218
0.17
14,413,722
0.34
1,145,676
0.15
16,008,810
0.37
1,183,284
0.16
Saudi Arabia
21,778,212
0.54
3,460,850
0.48
15,524,574
0.36
818,903
0.11
19,903,451
0.46
798,031
0.11
14,742,262
0.34
495,880
0.07 0.32
Chile
21,298,239
0.53
1,499,717
0.21
23,841,660
0.56
1,577,473
0.21
39,048,715
0.90
2,153,134
0.28
28,638,189
0.66
2,475,660
Taiwan
21,065,784
0.52
1,258,158
0.18
22,086,685
0.52
972,397
0.13
24,694,832
0.57
1,306,861
0.17
25,915,750
0.59
1,003,335
0.13
Switzerland
18,570,800
0.46
406,269
0.06
19,966,956
0.47
498,147
0.07
17,683,950
0.41
419,670
0.06
18,504,669
0.43
390,800
0.06
Turkey
18,288,485
0.45
2,093,034
0.29
24,796,937
0.58
2,835,622
0.37
27,532,794
0.64
2,809,592
0.37
30,408,604
0.70
2,660,071
0.35
Total
100
4,076,555,511 100.00
727,053,375 100.00 4,316,300,639 100.00
782,429,289 100.00 4,348,457,743 100.00
773,885,156 100.00 4,396,938,196 100.00
774,017,702 100.00
Industry Focus United States - Export to Turkey 2016-2019 731815 - Threaded screws and bolts others, with or without their nuts or washers, of iron or steel 731816 - Nuts, threaded, of iron or steel 731829 - Nonthreaded articles (fasteners) others, of iron or steel 731819 - Threaded articles of iron or steel others 731823 - Rivets of iron or steel Product HS (6) 731815
USD 9,752,357
2016 % 53.33
KG 1,726,986
% 82.52
USD 12,964,678
2017 %
KG
52.29
2,352,834
731822 - Washers, other than lock washers, of iron or steel 731814 - Self-tapping screws, threaded, of iron or steel 731824 - Cotters and cotter pins, of iron or steel 731821 - Spring washers and other lock washers, of iron or steel 731811 - Coach screws, threaded, of iron or stee % 82.98
2018 %
USD
KG
13,416,277
48.73
2,083,327
2019 %
%
USD
74.16
14,239,990
46.83
KG 1,881,466
% 70.73
731816
3,141,935
17.18
71,575
3.42
5,064,509
20.43
151,214
5.34
6,218,007
22.59
203,514
7.25
7,247,132
23.84
64,219
2.42
731829
2,689,224
14.71
73,976
3.54
2,973,552
12.00
66,815
2.36
2,583,719
9.39
50,763
1.81
2,807,121
9.24
103,696
3.90 10.94
731819
744,419
4.08
25,689
1.23
1,873,899
7.56
108,268
3.82
2,165,339
7.87
275,312
9.80
2,813,748
9.26
290,907
731823
714,996
3.91
32,152
1.54
528,974
2.14
16,949
0.60
738,397
2.69
24,097
0.86
725,761
2.39
27,889
1.05
731822
450,819
2.47
52,545
2.52
615,254
2.49
69,306
2.45
1,431,658
5.20
89,020
3.17
1,915,487
6.30
231,757
8.72
731814
382,036
2.09
80,923
3.87
210,194
0.85
23,421
0.83
288,976
1.05
30,500
1.09
255,665
0.85
30,753
1.16
731824
237,749
1.30
20,497
0.98
371,244
1.50
34,224
1.21
489,910
1.78
44,759
1.60
272,218
0.90
25,608
0.97
731821
161,650
0.89
7,504
0.36
86,624
0.35
3,102
0.11
168,199
0.62
6,125
0.22
106,501
0.36
2,192
0.09
731811
13,300
0.08
1,187
0.06
83,533
0.34
7,458
0.27
5,383
0.02
750
0.03
15,613
0.06
1,169
0.05
Total
18,288,485 100.00
2,093,034 100.00
24,796,937 100.00
2,835,622 100.00
27,532,794 100.00
2,809,592 100.00
30,408,604 100.00
2,660,071 100.00
While the U.S. is not known to be one of the major global exporters of steel or fastener products, fastener exports to Turkey have increased over the years. In 2016, U.S. exports to Turkey totaled 18,288,485 USD and reached 30,408,604 USD in 2019. The total during the first 10 months of 2020 was 26,389,164 USD which was slightly lower than 2019, but 8% higher than the total in 2019 during the same period. Subcategories 731815, 731816, 731819 and 731822 all showed increases between 2016 and 2019, while subcategories 731823 and 731814 showed either decreases over the years or erratic changes over the years.
China Fastener World no.61/2021
During the first 10 months of 2020, the U.S. exported over 8% by comparison to that same period in 2019. 731816 increased by a total of 29%, 731829 by nearly 46% and 781821 by a staggering 362%. Most of the other subcategories of fasteners decreased in 2020, for example 731823 decreased by 46% and 731814 decreased by 77%.
101
Industry Focus United States - Export 2019 vs 2020 Export Destination
USD
01/01/2019 - 10/31/2019 % KG
01/01/2020 - 10/30/2020 % KG
%
USD
989,990,265
32.99
Volume Change % KG
%
USD
137,161,459
23.32
(313,899,122)
-24.08
(52,385,569)
%
Mexico
1,303,889,387
35.15
189,547,028
28.72
-27.64
Canada
972,560,013
26.22
388,286,791
58.84
776,131,334
25.86
383,613,338
65.22
(196,428,679)
-20.20
(4,673,453)
-1.21
China
152,910,121
4.13
7,978,643
1.21
148,601,869
4.96
9,761,856
1.66
(4,308,252)
-2.82
1,783,213
22.35
United Kingdom
132,819,716
3.59
6,400,537
0.97
108,633,220
3.62
4,498,303
0.77
(24,186,496)
-18.22
(1,902,234)
-29.72
Germany
101,169,387
2.73
6,833,655
1.04
84,643,470
2.83
4,540,697
0.78
(16,525,917)
-16.34
(2,292,958)
-33.56
Brazil
92,895,906
2.51
9,214,839
1.40
75,124,277
2.51
7,288,680
1.24
(17,771,629)
-19.14
(1,926,159)
-20.91
Singapore
87,562,739
2.37
3,002,876
0.46
62,992,171
2.10
2,037,981
0.35
(24,570,568)
-28.07
(964,895)
-32.14 -14.02
Japan
83,281,959
2.25
2,816,929
0.43
73,724,632
2.46
2,422,192
0.42
(9,557,327)
-11.48
(394,737)
France
73,385,052
1.98
1,919,787
0.30
69,962,188
2.34
1,674,269
0.29
(3,422,864)
-4.67
(245,518)
-12.79
S. Korea
71,947,317
1.94
2,883,128
0.44
63,736,301
2.13
2,573,542
0.44
(8,211,016)
-11.42
(309,586)
-10.74
Australia
61,070,839
1.65
3,710,117
0.57
53,894,184
1.80
2,527,825
0.43
(7,176,655)
-11.76
(1,182,292)
-31.87
Spain
30,873,533
0.84
2,009,032
0.31
14,707,085
0.50
1,253,654
0.22
(16,166,448)
-52.37
(755,378)
-37.60
India
29,280,818
0.79
2,417,999
0.37
21,953,313
0.74
1,778,315
0.31
(7,327,505)
-25.03
(639,684)
-26.46
Netherlands
27,902,134
0.76
2,553,591
0.39
24,165,484
0.81
1,980,746
0.34
(3,736,650)
-13.40
(572,845)
-22.44
Italy
27,370,398
0.74
1,621,850
0.25
26,122,871
0.88
1,365,177
0.24
(1,247,527)
-4.56
(256,673)
-15.83
Turkey
24,389,428
0.66
2,175,840
0.33
26,389,164
0.88
1,568,722
0.27
1,999,736
8.20
(607,118)
-27.91
3,709,534,962
100.00
660,009,601
100.00
3,001,409,198
100.00
588,200,745
100.00
(708,125,764)
-19.09
(71,808,856)
-10.88
Total
The U.S. ports that exported the highest quantity of fasteners to Turkey in 2019 were the ports of New York City and Norfolk, and in 2020 the quantities and values decreased significantly. The port of New York City decreased in value by 22% which was 2,165,774 USD and the port of Norfolk decreased by 35% which was 1,137,081 USD. Other ports such as port of Miami, port of Washington DC and port of Los Angeles also showed decreases in 2020. The port that showed the most significant increase in 2020 was the port of Houston Galveston which increased by 986%, or 4,889,458 USD. New Orleans had a similar increase in 2020 of 264%, or 261,165 USD. United States - Export to Turkey 2019 vs 2020 731815 - Threaded screws and bolts others, with or without their nuts or washers, of iron or steel 731816 - Nuts, threaded, of iron or steel 731829 - Nonthreaded articles (fasteners) others, of iron or steel 731819 - Threaded articles of iron or steel others 731822 - Washers, other than lock washers, of iron or steel 731823 - Rivets of iron or steel Product HS (6)
%
USD
01/01/2020 - 10/30/2020 % KG
%
USD
Volume Change % KG
%
731815
11,086,443
45.46
1,555,988
71.52
10,462,614
39.65
931,808
59.40
(623,829)
-5.63
(624,180)
731816
5,958,453
24.44
52,782
2.43
7,697,593
29.17
104,376
6.66
1,739,140
29.19
51,594
97.75
731829
2,430,692
9.97
79,758
3.67
3,547,314
13.45
74,456
4.75
1,116,622
45.94
(5,302)
-6.65
731819
2,313,358
9.49
241,243
11.09
2,439,442
9.25
280,746
17.90
126,084
5.46
39,503
16.38
731822
1,364,859
5.60
166,219
7.64
1,151,260
4.37
109,092
6.96
(213,599)
-15.65
(57,127)
-34.37 -43.27
-40.12
731823
626,221
2.57
24,457
1.13
333,340
1.27
13,876
0.89
(292,881)
-46.77
(10,581)
731824
258,656
1.07
24,566
1.13
270,087
1.03
26,025
1.66
11,431
4.42
1,459
5.94
731814
234,486
0.97
27,457
1.27
53,408
0.21
8,161
0.53
(181,078)
-77.23
(19,296)
-70.28
731821
91,279
0.38
1,786
0.09
422,427
1.61
19,346
1.24
331,148
362.79
17,560
983.21
731811
15,613
0.07
1,169
0.06
6,010
0.03
536
0.04
(9,603)
-61.51
(633)
-54.15
731813
9,368
0.04
415
0.02
0
0.00
0
0.00
(9,368)
-100.00
(415)
-100.00
24,389,428
100.00
2,175,840
100.00
26,389,164
100.00
1,568,722
100.00
1,999,736
8.20
(607,118)
-27.91
Total
China Fastener World no.61/2021
01/01/2019 - 10/31/2019 % KG
USD
731824 - Cotters and cotter pins, of iron or steel 731814 - Self-tapping screws, threaded, of iron or steel 731821 - Spring washers and other lock washers, of iron or steel 731811 - Coach screws, threaded, of iron or steel 731813 - Screw hooks and screw rings, threaded, of iron or steel
The Future for U.S. Fastener Trade with Turkey There has been a heavy focus on trade during the COVID-19 pandemic to understand the underlying impact on international trade. Unlike many countries exporting fasteners to the U.S., Turkey was amongst the few that increased their exports to the U.S. during 2020 by nearly 18%. During the first 10 months of 2020, the U.S. imported a total of 21,883,079 USD of fasteners by comparison to 18,584,902 USD during the same period in 2019. The U.S. reduced their fastener exports to the world by 19% during the first 10 months of 2020 when compared to the first 10 months of 2019. U.S. exports to Turkey increased from 24,389,428 USD in 2019 to 26,389,164 USD in 2020 accounting for an 8.2% increase. The pandemic may not be declared over for several more months, but trade has already started to normalize. The last two months of 2020 may prove to be some of the strongest in 2020 while companies continue to regulate their supply and demand.
102
封面故事
浙江海迅精密科技有限公司 - Hisener Industrial Co., Ltd.
八月落成新厂
文/惠達 曾柏勳
/
2021年產能再提升
/
海迅以螺絲為主要產品，過去兩年 來出口量成長17%，已達到87,000 噸， 成為全球最大緊固件供應商之一，提 供超過4,000種緊固件供客人選購，主要銷往歐洲 （35%）、俄羅斯（25%）、美國（20%）及南美洲 （15%），也與海外經銷商密切合作，為各地 客戶提供最快速的服務與優質的產品，其 中包括該公司在歐洲DIY市場中熱銷的 「Timber Screws」木用螺絲。
它擁有自己的螺釘工廠，以及DIY產品包裝線和倉庫。每個月可包裝約50個貨櫃量，並引 進臺灣製造的打頭機、滾牙機、螺紋切割機和鑽頭成型機等等設備。它的實驗室擁有尺寸量測設 備、冶金分析儀器、機械測試機台和表面分析機以進行品檢測試，為產品質量做好把關。 今年該公司更報出喜訊，總經理梁輝先生向惠達雜誌表示，新工廠在2020年9月份 開建，預計將在2021年8月份落成完工。屆時，新建的廠房面積將達到26,000平方公尺， 螺絲產品的產量可望將提高到每個月1,500噸，讓海迅的市場地位再獲得實質的提升。
/
嚴選百家合作廠商 - 質量高規格控管
/
為提升交貨速度，海迅嚴選全球150家合作廠商，使產品能夠更快速送達買主手 中。其中針對中國客戶，還提供庫存服務，讓客戶有緊急需求時能快速收到貨物。 它的所有生產流程符合ISO9001質量規範，每年重新審核並進行調整，讓每個 生產環節能透過它的ERP數碼化系統進行完整監測並嚴格控管。此外它還持有歐 盟CE EN14592木結構緊固件認證以及CE EN 14566機械緊固件認證，讓旗下的產 品在歐洲深獲客戶的愛用。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
/
工廠智慧化 - 提升價格競爭力
/
梁先生說要將公司打造成未來的智慧工廠，自從先前引進自動倉儲 系統與掃描系統以來，公司因為成功整合各個生產環節，已取得大幅降低物流成本以及提高工廠運作效率的 成果，讓自家產品更具有價格競爭力。「我們將繼續深耕螺絲行業，未來將在研發、生產、DIY包裝等各方 面繼續加大投入，始終堅持客戶第一，不斷為客戶帶來更好的服務，增加客戶的價值！」
聯絡人：梁輝總經理
002
E-mail: simon@hisener.com
社 論
社論
2020年中國緊固件與電動車市總盤點
文/ 惠達 曾柏勳
一、疫情下，中國緊固件銷往全球仍實現8.5%成長 根據中國海關總署的統計數據，2020年中國對全球出口緊固件的金額達到69.7億美金，比2019年的64.1億美金成 長了8.5%；自全球進口緊固件的金額為27.8億美金，比2019年的28.3億美金稍微下降了1.7%。出口額在2月遇到封城 的衝擊，重跌 80.4% ，但即刻在三月就回復到一月的水準，六月達到顛峰的 81.6 億美金；進口額則維持在穩定的波動 區間內。接著在第三季回到一月的水準，到了12月再度增長並往80億大關邁進。至於中國對美國的扣件貿易，在年初 封城時出口額同樣重跌八成，其後分別在4月、11月、12月回升到1月的水平；進口額則維持在穩定的波動區間內。 整體來看，縱使去年有疫情和中美關係緊張的雙重衝擊，中國緊固件進出口的回彈力道仍然強勁。此外，全球對 中國緊固件的需求反而加大(見圖一)，2021年中國緊固件的出口前景仍是可期的。 圖一、
二、中國車市緩速 成長的態勢可 望在今年持續
圖二、
China Fastener World no.61/2021
我們將中國七家主要車廠 的銷量數據彙整成圖二，不難 發現各家銷量都隨著肺炎疫情 的發展跟著漲跌。尤其在 2 月 中國疫情最嚴重之時，七家車 廠中就有五家的產銷跌幅超過 八成。三月，各車廠的跌幅都有顯著的緩 和。從四月開始，基本上就是一路向上爬 升的態勢。五月，七家車廠當中有多數車 廠的銷量不但已恢復到 1 月份的水平，也 擺脫了負成長，實現正成長的樂觀數字， 其中北汽福田汽車的銷量在 2020 年 5 月的 銷量比 2019 年 5 月高出將近一倍，長安汽 車也有五成的同月比漲幅。五月到年底， 銷量隨著疫情的反覆不定，有些微的漲 跌，但仍不影響整體緩慢上升的趨勢。在 12 月，七家車廠當中多數車廠的銷量仍高 於1月份的水平。 在可見的未來，只要中國沒有再出現 大規模的封城， 2021 年中國車市的緩回溫 仍會持續下去。然而，我們不能忽略 2020 冬季與 2021 年春季，這兩個寒冷的季節
003
社 論
圖三、
下，全球的確診與死亡人數的增速不斷刷 新紀錄。中國車市在2018年左右進入緩成 長(圖三)，還在 2020 年面臨疫情的攪局， 要在2021年實現跳躍式的產銷成長仍有很 大的挑戰，但慢速的回溫仍是可預期的。
三、疫情助推，新能源電動 車將在中國與全球邁入 高速成長 中國新能源車將在 2021 年高速 增長，產銷量可望超過 200 萬輛。 2020 年10月新能源汽車產量16.7萬輛(成長 69.7%)，銷量16萬輛(成長104.5%)，是第 四次刷新紀錄。中國在 2020 年 11 月發布 「新能源汽車產業發展規劃（ 2021-2035 年）」，目標在 2025 年，新能源新車銷 量要占汽車新車總銷量約 20% ，要讓新能 源汽車核心技術在2035年達到國際水平。
圖四、
China Fastener World no.61/2021
圖五、
我們將 2020 年中國四家新能源電動 車廠的新車交付量，包括蔚來、理想、小 鵬、零跑，整理成圖四，發現電動車銷量 縱使在 2 月中國封城時一度重跌，但以全 年來看，幾乎不受疫情的影響，呈現穩定 走升的態勢。從年初到年底，蔚來、理 想、小鵬的交付量成長五倍左右，零跑 從五月到年底成長將近七倍。 2018 年至 2020 年間(圖五)，四家電動車廠的交付量 都出現翻倍的增長，可見中國電動車市在 疫情下才正要熱起來。 隨著特斯拉的創辦人馬斯克在今年1 月躍升為全球首富，要說未來 5 至 10 年 將成為新能源汽車產業的黃金發展期，並 非遙不可及的想像。 2016 至 2020 的五年 間(下頁圖六)，特斯拉從1.5萬輛的水平翻 升約12倍到18萬輛。第一次的猛爆增長期 開始於2018年第一季，突破三萬大關，並 在2019年第四季首度衝破10萬大關。第二 次猛爆增長期在2020年第三季，第四季再 刷新特斯拉史上的高點，交付量達到18萬 輛。2020全年特斯拉生產50.9萬量，實際 交付了49.9萬輛，算是勉強達到馬斯克設 定50萬的交付量目標(表一)。
表一、2016~2020年特斯拉產銷量 (單位：輛)
004
年
產量
交付量
2016
83,922
75,900
2017
101,027
103,100
2018
254,530
244,900
2019
365,284
367,200
2020
509,737
499,000
社 論 圖六、
全球電動車的市占率在過去五年內 增加將近3個百分點。銷量則從2016年的 80 萬輛增加到 2020 年的 228 萬輛，成長 185% 。由於特斯拉在中國設廠的加持， 再加上中國政策加持、中國多家新創電動 車廠紛紛出線，在2019年之前，全球電動 車銷售成長最明顯且市場最大的是中國， 而歐美也是穩定逐年成長，日本相對還在 起步階段(圖七)。在本文撰稿時，2020年 各國電動車銷售數字尚未出爐，雖然有疫 情攪局，但眼看蔚來、理想、小鵬、零跑 的銷售動能仍強勁，且電動車龍頭特斯拉 銷量在五年內翻升12倍，2020年起的電動 車銷售表現仍是樂觀的。
圖七、
四、緊固件產業的新標的：新能源電動車 電動車的所有零件當中，重量最重的包括電池組、馬達、變速器等等， 這些都是電動車業者研發的重點項目，目標是要透過顛覆性的全新設計， 將笨重的零件輕量化，此外還要長壽化。如此，未來理想的電動車不 但更環保、不再使用燃油，更重要的是不需要再特別進廠保養零 件。因此緊固件作為汽車的關鍵零件，在配合電動車研發趨勢 的背景下，必須要更輕、用量更少、更高單價、更耐用。
• 塗覆有電絕緣塗層的緊固件 • 輕量化無磁性緊固件 • 電池固定用螺栓 • 板金專用緊固件 • 塑膠與金屬專用的螺紋生成式螺絲 • 安全緊固件
China Fastener World no.61/2021
未來電動車會使用到的重點緊固件件類型包括以下三種：
電池研發用的材料將從石墨進化到鋰，甚至是超越鋰 的材料，重視高能量密度、對環境友善、安全性。
此外，未來電動車的電池設計，會從原本的石墨電池進化到鋰電池，甚至發展到超越鋰電池的電池 材料，這些也可能影響到未來的車用緊固件設計。各種跡象顯示，此刻電動車的普及化正在逐步實現， 緊固件業者勢必要跟上疫情時代的新趨勢，早日針對電動車用緊固件市場做好產品開發的布局，才能在 電動車真正蓬勃發展之時占據先機。
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公協會報導
全球扣件協會理事長 專訪
EFDA
NFDA
TFTA
FAI
歐洲扣件經銷商協會
美國扣件經銷商協會
台灣螺絲貿易協會
印度扣件協會
理事長
理事長
理事長
理事長
Dr. Volker Lederer
Adam Derry
陳和成
Abhijat Sanghvi
FIJ
KFFIC
NEVIB
HKSFC
日本扣件產業協會
韓國緊固件工業協同組合 理事長
荷蘭工業扣件暨相關產 品進口商協會
香港螺絲業協會
專務理事
大磯義和
Hansung Jung
理事長
張建茗
理事長
Robert Klaassen 整理/惠達編輯部
2020年對全球產業來說的確是相當具挑戰性的一年，原 有產業鏈的布局和運作也遇到前所未有的鉅變。很多以前 視為不尋常的模式現在也開始變成大眾每日生活的常態。 扣件產業在這波鉅變下也受到很深的影響，不得不開始在 目前運輸物流管道仍不穩定和維持社交距離等條件受限的 環境下努力尋找更多機會。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
本期惠達編輯部特別邀請: 歐洲扣件經銷商協會(EFDA)- Volker Lederer理事長 美國扣件經銷商協會(NFDA)- Adam Derry理事長 台灣螺絲貿易協會(TFTA)- 陳和成理事長 印度扣件協會(FAI)- Abhijat Sanghvi理事長 日本扣件產業協會 (FIJ)- 大磯義和專務理事 韓國緊固件工業協同組合 (KFFIC)- Hansung Jung理事長 荷蘭工業扣件暨相關產品進口商協會(NEVIB) - Robert Klaassen理事長 香港螺絲業協會 (HKSFC)- 張建茗主席
針對當前產業現況分享寶貴看法，希望能透過他們的 觀點和協會平時與政府之間建立的溝通管道和資源運 用一起讓扣件產業可以盡早回復往日的榮景。
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▍ 1. 自2019年底疫情爆發到目前為止，貴協會代表區 域的扣件應用產業經歷了哪些顯著的變化? 跟疫情 爆發前的預測是否出現落差? EFDA 我們看到客戶端很多產業的需求出現下滑。 汽車和機械生產產業尤其受到疫情重創。在2020 年 第二和第三季期間這些產業持續忙於解決許多重要 問題，但九月似乎有看到首次復甦的跡象。
NFDA 需求絕對有受到干擾。原先以為這樣的干擾 是暫時的，因為美國和各州共商計畫來面對疫情。不 幸的是，美國境內不確定因素仍居高不下，所以需求 非常不穩定。對於市場復甦仍存一些樂觀。
NEVIB 在荷蘭市場，很多產業的企業都感受到新冠 疫情爆發的效應，尤其是汽車產業。例如: 旅遊大巴、 卡車和一般汽車的製造商也看到訂單量大幅下滑。因 為這些公司多個月來都是看交期做事，預計2021年將 會是很難熬的一年。不過也有其他工業產品的製造商 因為客戶投資活動減少，營業額出現下滑。
公協會報導 FIJ 使用到扣件的汽車、機械、電 機產業都面臨了暫停生產。此外， 中國的建材產品(例如衛浴用品) 生 產停滯導致日本進貨遲延，住宅建 築活動出現了停滯。像這樣，使用扣 件的產業被迫停止生產，因此2020 年3月到7月扣件的需求比前一年同 期減少了50%。 FAI 新冠疫情的影響是全球性的，而 我們也敢說沒有任何國家和產業不受 到這種負面影響。印度扣件產業也不例 外。店家從完全關閉到部分重啟至少經 過數月，買家訂單確實減少了，現金流也 受影響，可上工員工數只能部份正常也 對企業的財務造成巨大衝擊。因為目前 產業的期望和預測很明顯會大跌，要預 測非上市櫃的微型和中小產業的未來發 展還言之過早。
KFFIC 自新冠疫情爆發以來我們面臨許多挑戰。尤其是扣件產 業都非常關心當前停滯的市場，包括汽車產業需求降低以及正在 使汽車產業出現重大改變的環保車輛到來。做為扣件產業產品最 大的客戶，韓國汽車產業佔了當地扣件需求大約70%。觀察韓國汽 車產業的市場狀況，我們對於以下數據感到驚訝: 2020 年一至八 月累計產量下滑16.3%; 出口減少28.9%; 同期車輛零件累計出口金 額下滑28.1%。再者，我們也非常憂慮環保車(包括電動車和氫能 源車)持續增加的市場規模將對扣件產業造成龐大影響。而且，韓 國整體經濟成長的預測已經進行多次調整，增添一股負成長的氛 圍。我們也注意到全球經濟成長的預測呈現負向。2020 年二月國 際貨幣基金預測2020年全球的國民生產毛額會是3.3%，2021年會 是3.4%。但八月該組織又調整預測，認為2020年全球的國民生產 毛額為-4.9%，2021年為 5.4%。2020 經濟合作發展組織2020年二 月預測2020年全球國民生產毛額為2.9%以及2021年為3.0%後，它 也再次調整預測，預測全球國民生產毛額在2020年會是-6.0%， 2021年為5.2%，因為到那時候若病毒沒有二次擴散的話，全球的 經濟成長應就會穩定。韓國也不例外。韓國銀行2020 年二月預測 韓國的國民生產毛額在2020和2021年分別會落在2.1%和2.4%，但 到了八月韓國央行調整預測為2020年為-1.3%，2021年為2.8%。我 們相信這些經濟預測和產業趨勢精確地反映當前扣件產業狀況。
▍ 2. (承題一)這些市場變化對當地扣件產業供應鏈造成哪些影響? NFDA 當然。經銷商和代工廠都在處理現金流和庫存問題。大 家更轉趨保守，且企業都在盡可能尋找節省成本的方法來保護 盈虧和員工。在供應鏈方面，客戶延後訂單後接著又要求提早出 貨似乎是這些時日的新常態。需求一直充滿不確定且變動性高。 EFDA 我們沒有看到供應鏈有明顯中斷。
FIJ 以設備裝置產業而言，一旦其中一部分的零件 供給停滯了，整條供應鏈就會停止，還會面臨供應鏈 分散化、多重化的問題。 NEVIB 由於扣件的應用無所不在，荷蘭在地供應 鏈受重擊頗深。
FAI 對印度國內扣件供應鏈的 主要影響是產業用主要鋼線材 的可得性。隨著訂單回流，企業 產能到2020年八九月原本可能達 到全開狀態，但因為鋼料供應取 得受限和鋼價上漲而遭受衝擊。 另一個理由是進口原料量受到限 制。許多大幅倚賴先送貨後付款 客戶的印度國內扣件供應鏈也因 為客戶延遲付款以及受數月工廠 關閉影響的現金流不足嚴重受到 影響。如前述，因為印度產業由 微型和中小企業組成，有很多廠 商要度過如此艱難的時刻都很辛 苦。
▍ 3. 在地的業者針對這些市場變化和影響做了哪 些必要調整和因應措施? NFDA 是的。他們降低了人力和工時來控制成本並保障 員工安全。 EFDA 很多扣件經銷商因其客戶需求下滑，同意延後出貨日期。為 了確保資產流動性，一些扣件經銷商延後了其供應商的訂單。
NEVIB 由於營收降低，荷蘭扣件供應 商必須採取措施。多虧有荷蘭政府的支 持紓困計畫(包括對營收減少20%或更多 的企業提供薪資補助)，目前為止當地扣 件產業並沒有喪失很多工作機會。不過， 企業的大型投資皆處於暫擱置狀態。
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KFFIC 停滯的經濟和萎縮的需求的確正在對扣件產業產生直接影響。 扣件產業的運作率已經下滑，導致員工聘僱的不確定性，也對相關生產、 國內消費和出口造成負面影響。
公協會報導 FIJ 解決供應鏈斷鏈的對策，是同時向多家公 司採購同一項商品，讓重要的產品保持一定程度 的庫存。 FAI 人口龐大的印度是受新冠疫情影響很深的國 家，要實施像保持社交距離這種措施非常困難，但多 數人都了解這些保護措施的優點，對措施的實施也都 適應良好。這些措施也影響到生產。不過適應市場改 變的學習曲線尚未發展完全，因為我們面臨到的是前 所未有的全球性狀況，調整的過程甚至在新冠疫情結 束後仍會持續下去。
KFFIC 回應這些市場改變可以有很多方式。從 在地產業的角度來看，我們可以重新改革扣件產 業的結構，或是在中長期來看降低過度集中在 汽車產業。短期來說，我們可以實施可促進產業 競爭力的計畫。例如，我們可以繼續進行產業自 動化和數位化的智慧策略、善用政府的計畫(像 是指定中小企業為「材料、零件和裝置的專門企 業」) 並主動利用政府的支援機構來維持員工聘 僱的穩定。每家扣件企業一定要執行這些計畫， 協會也會主動宣傳和提供這些資訊給韓國扣件 產業來幫助強化競爭力。
▍ 4. 據您的觀察，協會所代表區域的扣件產業在做了這些調整和因應措施後， 是否近期有看到哪些好轉跡象? EFDA 我們從九月開始看到復甦跡象，不過我們並不認為這些正面發展是因為 扣件經銷商在疫情期間所採取的特定因應措施所產生，而是因為全球市場的整 體復甦所導致。 NFDA 隨著經濟表現在九月和十月出現一些改善，市場浮現一些樂觀氛圍; 表 現雖然仍低於新冠疫情前的水平，但已經在改善。因為2020年是美國的選舉年 所以也有一些不確定因素。太多不確定因素圍繞我們周邊了。 NEVIB 荷蘭的新冠危機始於2020年三月中。 連續三個月的封城，影響所及就是經濟活動持續 低迷至七月。九月時商業活動出現些許起色，但 因為新冠疫情仍在荷蘭肆虐，未來仍不確定。 FAI 如同先前所提到，復甦在原先工廠關閉幾 個月後開始回升，出口甚至也有反彈。雖然訂單 量在2020年八九月持續回流，在鋼材取得上我們 面臨到很大的障礙。不過這應該是短暫而已，因 為我們預期在2021年一月後會有比較大的復甦。 但要記住，必須在新冠疫情的病例數沒有再大幅 攀升造成工廠部分或全面關閉才有可能。
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▍ 5. 據側面了解，有些區域市場的業者雖然產能已 逐步恢復正常，但出貨部分受限於國際貨運管道 運次的銳減，也受到影響，請問貴會所代表的區 域業者目前在產品進出口上有遇到類似問題嗎? KFFIC 歸根究柢，基本上就是縱使交易在線上 完成，進出口是否會過海關。為了解決這樣的問 題，政府間的政策合作絕對是必要的，而不是透 過產業採取的措施。據我們目前所知，在貨品卸 載初期產業面臨到太多困難點，但這些問題現在 某些程度上已經被解決。此外，我們在一些貿易 量大的國家清關時，因為有關政府的合作，在進 入或離開該國時都會有所謂的快速通關機制藉 此避免這類問題。
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FIJ 可期待正常化的經濟活動。
KFFIC 這些措施和計畫大多是在長期來看可以 看到成果的。同時，隨著所謂「減少人與人接觸 (Untact)」企業的擴展，對每家牽涉其中的企業都 會有立即性的影響。我們知道他們在當前環境不 允許面對面會談的情況下正透過非接觸性的線 上視訊會議完成交易。出入國時透過使用政府的 快速通關系統我們也看到成效。在進行這些活動 時，各國的新冠肺炎檢疫系統無庸置疑是最大的 障礙。
EFDA 目前我們並沒有聽聞會員朋友在出貨上 有不順的情形發生。 NEVIB 目前為止，在荷蘭還沒有任何因為國際 邊境管制而出貨受影響的現象。不過，在2020上 半年中國因為新冠疫情攪局，一些訂單的出貨期 確實有比較長。 FAI 出口在2020年下半復甦狀況不錯，從印度 的出貨也沒有受到甚麼影響，惟海運和清關費 用大幅增加所產生的成本有造成影響。這很明 顯會對那些不願吸收這些成本的客戶接單的可 能性產生影響。我們希望在之後這樣的狀況可 以獲得舒緩。
公協會報導 ▍ 6. (承題5)業者如何解決「有貨出卻 出不了」的窘境?協會在這部分有辦 法跟相關單位協調提供協助嗎?
FAI 目前我們還沒有關注到這類問題，因為我們正在積極與主要 機關協調處理更大的問題，特別是與鋼鐵有關的主要材料。
KFFIC 正在把會員所提的建議和遇到的問題提交給政府相關部門。目前我們所知道的，政府 和相關機構也正在努力回應解決產業的關心，他們也會持續與貿易夥伴國家進行合作。
▍ 7. 目前汽車扣件和航空扣件的需求驟減，您認 為業者可以考慮朝哪些產業用的扣件去尋求更 多機會?您有觀察到哪些特定產業的需求有出 現明顯回升嗎? EFDA 電動載具絕對是成長中的產業之一， 而太陽能產業的發展也很強勢。我們知道 DIY領域在疫情期間也表現特別好。 NFDA 千萬別放棄汽車產業。可以更關注 跨界休旅、休旅車和貨卡的生產以及電動車 的類別。至於其他也可做為選擇的產業，我會 建議關注讓人們待在家的產品產業，或是娛 樂休閒產品、園藝或健康保健。 NEVIB 目前來看，汽車和航太扣件的需求 非常具挑戰性。而且因為幾乎所有產業的運 作都受到影響，目前我們認為不太可能有閒 暇餘力去關注更多其他產業領域。 FIJ 汽車用扣件的需求有減少的趨勢，建築 用扣件需求則持平。
KFFIC 因為很多改變會同時具備危機和機會兩種面 向，這種在疫情爆發後浮現減少人與人接觸(Untact) 的企業模式趨勢，在汽車產業一片愁雲慘霧下正提供 資訊通訊技術產業另一種機會。掌握住資訊通訊技術 產業的需求對扣件供應商來說並不是一件容易處理 的任務。不過我們強烈相信在持續研發的基礎上我們 可以將其掌握。航太產業對扣件供應商來說是很惱人 的領域。縱使我們已經與汽車產業建立堅實的合作關 係，但很諷刺地我們還是無法打入航太產業，不然對 我們來說，它真的是相當吸引人的領域。我們認為， 透過移轉我們從汽車產業累積的技術至航太產業，我 們應該會有不錯的表現。 FAI 汽車產業自2019年起受到影響需求降低，2020 年影響更進一步擴大。乘用車部分需求下滑，因為更 多客戶選擇在這段艱難的時刻延遲採購計畫。新冠疫 情也影響數百萬個工作，且企業和汽車產業也嚴重受 創。不過也有正面消息，對於在印度相當流行的雙輪載 具需求則出現上升。同時，航太產業對印度供應商來 說還不是很大的合作產業。雖然短期內看不到，但基 礎建設產業因為有在地政府的多項大型計畫和支出加 持，發展前景看好。因為預期到2022年多數產業都會 出現復甦，這個產業對印度來說絕對機會龐大。
▍ 8. 雖然現在疫情的發展仍有許多變數，預測的確比較困難，但就您的看法，您認為扣件產業要如何面 對接下來幾個月的持續挑戰?有哪些層面您認為是業者目前可以投入更多關注的嗎?
NFDA 跟隨美國經濟一些枝枝節節的變 化同步做出靈活和快速的改變。美國總 統大選的結果對美國的進步策略有很大 的影響。 KFFIC 我們認為沒有人可以很確定是 否新冠肺炎的疫情會再擴散。但很清楚 且重要的是，人類終究會克服這個病毒， 並成為回憶中人類曾經經歷的許多傳染 疾病之一。做為扣件產業的一員，我們 正採取很多因應措施來克服所面臨的障 礙，這絕對可以幫助提升產業競爭力。
NEVIB 在當前脈絡背景下，扣 件產業並不是領導型產業。扣件 供應商只是回應客戶的需求。目 前我沒有看到我們供應商可以 更關注的面向，除了持續努力提 供客戶最棒的服務以外。 FIJ 維持日本製扣件的可信賴性並提升生產力，因此 不可怠惰技術的革新。 FAI 如您所說，當前要預測未來成長真的很難。事實 和最大的挑戰就是適者生存。當前最需要的就是持續 檢視成本、效率生產、嚴格品管和管理承諾。持續與在 艱難時刻仍然與其站在一起的客戶配合是最重要的事。 其他試圖用壓低價格或嚴重拖欠款項來壓榨供應商的 客戶應該被重新考慮。
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EFDA 在疫情期間對供應商和客戶來 說，強化彼此間的聯繫和告知彼此的需 求更加重要，因為新冠疫情帶來的不確定 性和全球保護主義的趨勢仍然存在。
公協會報導 ▍ 9. 因為疫情的關係，很多展覽和活動已經取 消，或是轉而朝向可以避免需面對面接觸的 線上模式舉辦，貴會接下來是否也有類似的 活動規劃?
KFFIC 因為新冠疫情爆發所導致的常見傷害包括各 類展會、新品發表、大型研討會等活動的取消和延期。 縱使很多韓國企業也遭受很多傷害，韓國扣件產業唯一 的韓國金屬週展覽會在2020年六月也成功完成舉辦， 雖然人潮的確少了許多。很多展會或活動計畫也因為疫 情關係確定取消或延至下一年度。我們希望新冠疫情 可以被快速剷除，也期待2021年六月的韓國金屬週展覽 會可以成功舉辦。做為KFFIC的一員，我們往年都會透 過參加海外知名展會和拜訪主要海外協會和企業來強 化與會員間的聯繫，但2020年還沒有進行任何拜訪，令 人相當失望。藉由這個機會，我們想要傳達我們期待與 您、海外相關協會以及產業相關人士盡快在今年相見。
EFDA 2020年是我們協會創會20周年。我 們把慶祝活動延遲至2021年，因為我們希望 跟協會會員以及來自歐美亞的朋友一起慶 祝。在既定會務方面，協會以及會員持續透 過視訊會議和網路研討會進行溝通交流。 NFDA 是的。已經有安排很多線上舉辦可 避免直接人與人接觸的活動。
FAI 全球多數企業和個體目前對於非面對面接觸的聯 繫方式都適應得不錯。在接下來很長一段時間這都會是 很重要必須遵循的系統模式。非實體舉辦的活動方式 在大多數人還不太清楚如何使用以及對我們有甚麼好 處的情況下會需要時間來適應，但我們無從選擇，只能 去適應這種新模式。目前2020年我們協會這邊尚無舉 辦任何活動的計畫，不過2021年應該會有舉辦計劃。
NEVIB 目前我們協會避免直接面對面接 觸，我們預期在可預見的未來這樣的模式 會持續。 FIJ 我們的委員會活動並非讓委員在一個地 方集合會面，而是必須採用線上遠端會議。 我們講習會、說明會都同樣採用遠端會議。
▍ 10. 您還有哪些話想跟我司讀者分享? EFDA 疫情結束後協會也會持續採用 視訊會議的方式。視訊會議的模式在需 要交換資訊或為每日業務做決定時可 達到很好的效果，還能節省時間和成 本。不過我們希望2021年有可能可以舉 辦面對面的活動，因為我們認為人與人 面對面的接觸對促進全球性合作是很 重要的一部分。
NEVIB 就像許多人一樣，我們希望這波疫情能盡快結 束。對於全球有這麼多人受害我們感到相當遺憾。 KFFIC 我們祝福您在這波帶來如此多衝擊和影響的新 冠疫情期間能常保安全健康。我們期待疫情在2021年中某 個時候可以被控制。致所有扣件產業的每一個人。我們希 望新冠疫情可以盡早被控制，也希望我們可以再回到往日 榮景，在全球市場的每一個角落如同往昔再次微笑地與彼 此面對面。
台灣螺絲貿易協會（TFTA）陳和成理事長:
China Fastener World no.61/2021
台灣景氣逐漸復甦，樂觀看待跌深反彈趨勢 自2020年底全球市場飽受新冠疫情肆虐以來，市場各產業無不面臨景氣寒冬，工廠減 產、停工，甚或倒閉關廠的消息時有所聞。但隨著過去幾個月的努力，許多國家和區域針對 疫情所採取的管控措施在這一兩個月已經開始浮現正向且顯著的效果，疫情的發展曲線出 現減緩趨勢，讓產業恢復往日榮景的希望似乎又逐漸露出曙光。而台灣在這波疫情的處理 上也堪稱全球模範生，不僅產業供應鏈實力耐力堅強仍保持正常運作，也成為全球產業供 應鏈體系中不可缺少的重要支援後盾。
▍ 台灣扣件業接單漸活絡 未來表現可期 台灣螺絲貿易協會陳和成理事長對台灣扣件產業目前的狀況也抱持謹慎樂觀 的看法。他表示: 「2020年的確是風起雲湧，挑戰危機四伏的一年，一方面有匯率變 動和國與國之間的邊境爭端與衝突所衍生的各種問題，另一方面又有誰能料想到全 球會因為一場突如其來的疫情陷入這麼長的經濟黑暗期。台灣在疫情中期(約2020 年5~7月)的確也因為國際需求驟減深受影響。但是根據觀察，台灣扣件產業不管在 接單、生產和出貨上已經有逐步活絡成長的跡象，產品交期和出貨也都運作正常。」
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雖然目前歐洲特定國家疫情又 出現第二波高峰以及美洲各國疫情 仍無法有效控制，據陳理事長表示: 「台灣廠商去年10月以來對外接單 狀況似乎反其道而行呈現成長的趨 勢。不單單在訂單數目上有明顯好 轉，連訂單所下的量也出現上升走 勢。原本預期台灣扣件業在這波嚴 峻疫情下可能會遭遇一波倒閉潮， 目前也沒有具體出現，這也充分證明 台灣扣件產業經歷過去數十年的發 展，已經累積了相當堅韌的產業發 展基礎。」 TFTA 目前我們已經逐步感 受到國外客戶因為原本過多的 庫存已經逐步消化完畢，選擇 開始加強下單的力道。
公協會報導 ▍ 國外客戶庫存漸磬 回補需求力道增
▍ 危機中休養生息 為未來做好準備
過去幾個月很多台灣扣件業者面臨客戶因其下游客戶市場需求急 凍而要求暫緩訂單，導致後續產品做好了卻出不了貨，客戶貨款延遲 收取衍生的廠商貸款還款壓力等問題。對此陳理事長認為: 「這樣的 發展是可以理解的，不過這都只是短期效應。目前我們已經逐步感受 到國外客戶因為原本過多的庫存已經逐步消化完畢，選擇開始加強下 單的力道。加上扣件產業的服務模式本屬訂單式生產，不只可經由網 路email進行交易，也慢慢朝電子商務平台的模式去發展，不若其他特 定產業需要面對面接觸才能完成交易。這或許也是來自海外的訂單 能快速恢復的原因之一。」
在當前疫情發展仍撲朔迷離、變數重重的情況下，要 預測2021年的台灣扣件產業的發展是很困難的。但陳理事 長認為: 「儘管無法預測，但從近期台灣扣件產業的表現 來看，向上爬升、跌深反彈的趨勢應該是肯定的。建議 業界朋友務必做好心理準備，善用這段期間投入改善更新 設備、提升人員訓練，而且腳步一定要快，同時勇於大膽 地挑戰突破。如果沒有類似新冠疫情這樣的外部因素再 度發生的話，2021年的表現應該會比2020年更好!」
陳理事長補充道: 「像是汽車扣件需求，前幾個月雖驟降，但影響 期很短。加上目前許多海外車廠已經逐漸恢復產線，需求開始回升。 以台灣車市銷售來看，進口車甚至還超過國產車的數量。以這樣的趨 勢來預測，說不定在不久的未來會出現報復性的增長態勢。」
▍ 醫療、DIY、休閒健康器材等領域扣件需求後勢看好 因應疫情的需要，許多產業用的扣件需求也乘勢而起。例如:呼吸 器、防護面罩需求大增，讓許多專攻這類醫療產品用扣件的製造商皆 深蒙其利。維持社交距離以及在家辦公的措施也間接促進居家修繕 DIY扣件需求的成長。陳理事長認為: 「疫情影響的確讓醫療、DIY 扣件的需求顯著提升。在大家逐漸注重健康的趨勢下，休閒健康器 材用、腳踏車用等扣件或許也是未來值得積極開發的方向」
▍ 產業人才培訓 協會可助一臂之力 技術和人才是產業發展的基石。台灣在扣件產品的技 術和品質逐年提升，深獲海外客戶讚揚肯定，但在人才培 訓這塊仍存在嚴重斷層。有鑑於人才是台灣扣件產業當前 急需培養的一環，台灣螺絲貿易協會在2020年也特別與 金屬工業研究發展中心簽訂合作備忘錄，強化螺絲產業 新一代技術人才的培訓。 陳理事長表示: 「在協會和金屬中心攜手合作的架構 下，我們將針對螺絲生產的實務開設相關課程。先期會以 小班制的形式為主，達到有效的學習效果。期盼透過協會 的力量，一同協助會員朋友和台灣扣件產業強化人員技術 的訓練，提升產業競爭力。」
專訪 香港螺絲業協會(HKSFC) 張建茗主席
HKSFC 入境國內更需要提供二十四小時內發出為陰 性的核酸報告及由國內提供的強制統一安排醫學觀察 隔離十四天，這對大部分會員及其他港商在處理日常 工作上造成極大影響。在會務上影響更大，所有國內外 會議要改為網上進行，所有的互訪、參觀、研討會、就 職典禮晚宴、國內外的展覽會都要取消或延期舉辦。 因應中港兩地政府不同的防疫政策，對各行業包括我們扣件產業 也有很多大大小小的影響。疫情最嚴重的時期剛好是農曆新年假期， 國內的員工一般都習慣回鄉過春節，春運給防疫帶來很大的挑戰，因 此國內地方政府因應情況對各類企業及工廠下達了很多疫情防控措 施的要求，包括進行外來人員登記、申報、安排醫學觀察隔離、每天上 班前測量體溫、限制上班人數、限制上班時數、工廠飯堂的安排、政府 人員隨時的突擊檢查等等進行嚴格規管。廠方就最怕員工受到感染， 盡量要求員工不要到人多的地方及須注重個人衛生等。但以上措施對 各工廠及其供應鏈的原材料、產能、人員工作安排及貨運物流方面造 成很大的影響，其中打擊最大的是因為產能不足而直接造成各原材 料的價格逆市上升，另外快遞及物流業在運輸時間和效率上亦受到
影響，在個別受疫情影響較大的地方甚至不能提供收件及派 遞服務。 近期在和本會各理事及會員們的交流中得知，大部分企 業也面對以上同樣的困難，但也有人認為這是一個契機，能 借此機會對企業再深入的推行自動化生產，減少因人手不足 而引起的產能低的問題，也能從中節省成本。可惜因疫情引 起的經濟原因，以上過程相信需要一段時間才能見到效果。 在2020年，大部分產業都受到了非常重大的打擊，我們 扣件業也面對史無前例的挑戰。古語說得好 :「禍兮福所倚、 福兮禍所伏」，其中有一產業卻能從中突圍而出，那就是口罩 生產。因為疫情在全球大規模爆發，醫用口罩需求量達到前 所未有的高位，我們扣件業作為大部分使用機器的行業中也 是一個重要的核心部份。在年初醫用口罩供不應求，造成大 量投資者投入該產業，增購機器，為機器製造廠供應物料的 扣件廠商提供一個新的機遇。雖然現在疫情的發展仍有許多 變數，扣件產業接下來也會持續受到挑戰，現在只能盡量節 省不必要開支，努力裝備自己，迎難而上，展望將來。
2020年是本會主辦四地域螺絲交流大會的主辦方， 但也受到疫情影響，只能將2020年的團長會議延期至 2021年連同螺絲交流大會一起舉行。本會更期待於四 地域會議上，大家能面對面探討產業未來的發展方向及 先進發展的議題，分享精闢及建設性的意見，共渡美好難 忘的時光。本人衷心希望這天的到來，大家能除罩相見。 最後感謝惠達雜誌在此時此刻仍能緊守崗位，表示 對扣件業所受的影響及其前景的關注，讓我們衝出困境， 期待疫情盡快過去，各行各業再次暢旺興盛。
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
自去年年底疫情開始在世界各地被發現及出現確診現象，當時很 多人都未意識到此病毒的危險性，還有很多國家把此病毒視作一般流 感，仍然以經濟效益為大前提，採取較寬鬆的應對措施，認為短期內 疫情便會受控。但病毒的傳染性及死亡率遠遠超出預期，在全球各地 均有大規模的爆發，疫情至今還是未能受控。中國、香港及台灣因為 有對2003年發生的非典型肺炎（SARS）事件上的處理經驗，政府及市 民對衛生防疫上的處理安排比較嚴謹和迅速，對社會民生的影響相對 較低。香港螺絲業協會大部分會員的工廠都在國內，因工作及家庭需 要而中港兩地穿梭，但因為疫情關係除了深圳灣口岸及港珠澳大橋口 岸外其它的陸路口岸都一律關閉。
產業報導
歐盟反傾銷調查對中國扣件 產業影響 文/ Behrooz Lotfian
代表螺栓、螺絲、螺帽、拉釘和其他機械工業 扣件製造商發聲的歐洲工業扣件聯盟(EIFI)先前 曾表示來自中國的鋼鐵扣件進口不管從數據或市 佔率來看整體都出現增長。他們的目的是甚麼?應 該就是對中國進口的相關產品實施調查並課徵額 外進口稅，藉此提高他們的進口價。
中國為什麼可以低價賣自家產品? 在出口方面，數據顯示全球有35%的出口扣件來自歐盟，而有16%的扣件出口來 自中國。歐盟出口值比中國出口值高出2.17倍。 在進口方面，數據顯示全球有29%的扣件輸出至歐盟，7%的扣件輸出至中國。歐 盟的進口值比中國的進口值高出4.43倍。(見下表) 單位: 千美元
2019年出口
佔比
2019年進口
佔比
全球
39,988,430
100%
42,714,411
100%
歐盟
14,004,028
35%
12,583,424
29%
中國
6,443,172
16%
2,838,988
7%
扣件戰 這個問題很簡單。中國扣件製造商透過低 價策略對歐洲市場構成威脅，也是我們在行銷 學中常聽到的「側翼攻擊」。歐洲製造商因此喪 失了他們的競爭優勢和市場。不過，在行銷學 中，我們相信較高的價格並非一定是不好的，因 為高價策略也可以創造許多機會。
何謂高價?
China Fastener World no.61/2021
有兩個理由可以解釋為何高價會比低價代 表更多的行銷機會。其一是潛在買家傾向把品質 與價格劃上等號，也就是所謂的「羊毛出在羊身 上」。其二就是較高的價格比較可以產生更高的 利潤。較高的利潤讓您可以在「側翼攻擊」關鍵 的「追擊」階段累積更多籌碼。
中國可以以較低的價格買產品的理由是因為其出口對進口比。歐盟的出口對進口 比是111%，但中國的出口對進口比是227%。相較於歐盟，中國較不依賴扣件進口。 其他數據顯示:
•
28%的中國出口扣件輸出至歐盟，而中國有34%的進口扣件來自歐盟。
•
7%的歐盟扣件輸出至中國，而歐盟有14%的進口扣件來自中國。 年度: 2019 單位: 1,000 美元 中國
歐盟 出口
進口
進口 1,776,368
出口 977,731
歐盟的措施可以有效阻擋中國的攻勢嗎?
一旦歐盟宣布傾銷成立，這也意味他們的 高價與其品質成本不相符，而且/或者也能說是 中國扣件的品質近似歐洲扣件的品質。
生意有如一場企業、國家或區域間的戰爭。行銷法則顯示強勢具競爭性的舉措 應該被阻止。歐盟想要透過反傾銷措施封鎖中國的威脅。這樣的封鎖也是短期的，因 為中國也可以對歐盟扣件實施同樣的措施，因此他們7%出口至中國的扣件可能會因 此陷入困境。若想要長期封鎖，歐盟會需要改變方式。
扣件製造商相信生意上沒有甚麼事會比產 品本身更重要了。這是典型扣件製造商的管理思 維。聽起來相當合邏輯。應該沒有人會反對吧?
歐盟的消費者不想要購買昂貴的扣件，所以他們偏好中國製造商。歐盟消費者 的行為導致中國扣件在歐盟的銷售出現正成長。歐盟長期來看應該要改變他們的行 為。但要如何改變?
不過，當您從扣件買家的角度觀察狀況，這 種「更好產品」的邏輯將徹底瓦解。買家可以查 閱不同扣件製造商的目錄，比較類似產品規格， 以及/或者提供樣品在產線做測試。就算是扣件 專家也很難分辨出品質上的顯著差異。
行銷策略大師Al Ries表示: 「在行銷領域中最浪費時間的事就是嘗試去改變消 費者根深蒂固的想法。因此，若歐盟扣件製造商想要尋求更好的狀況，就應該忘掉現 有的扣件項目去創造一個有自己品牌的新項目。想要創建自己的獨特地位就必須劃清 界線。多數廠商關注的點是相反的，他們都透過延伸產品線、尺寸、應用和多重行銷 等方式來擴大市場。必須與這些事情劃清界線。」
故事說到這裡，倘若製造商無法讓自家的產 品產生顯著差異，那麼價格就成為買家的主要 考量。這正是目前發生在歐洲扣件製造商身上的 事。他們的產品賣不動，因為他們無法跟便宜的 中國扣件展現出差異。
在定位策略上，目標更小可能效果更好。通常關注在可以取得獨特性的更小標的 會比需要跟其他三四個品牌共享的更大市場還要好。你無法所有事情都做，然後還能 在市場持續佔有強而有力的領導地位。
最明顯的側翼攻擊模式就是靠低價。這個 模式的優勢就是市場就在那裡。每個人應該都會 想要省錢，但是透過削減價格將很難賺大錢。
專注在價格面通常是阻擋自己在市場創造差異的敵人。當價格成為被關注的對 象或成為某家企業的行銷策略，消費者會開始降低您的獨特性。若中國持續把價格 當作讓消費者選擇他們的扣件而不是歐盟扣件廠商的主要考量，長期來看以及若歐 盟選擇行銷學中的定位策略，他們很有可能會被打敗。不過，其他產業的中國企業正 在逐漸跳脫以低價競爭的模式，因此，預測扣件產業應該也會看到同樣的趨勢。
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中國的出路
歐洲新聞
歐洲新聞 整理 / 惠達雜誌社
+ 肺炎疫情的負面衝擊低於先前的擔憂
® + GESIPA 慶祝65周年
歷經肺炎疫情期間事業的大蕭條，喜利得集團報告已 有初步浮現復甦的跡象。2020 年1到8月總銷售額同年下跌 12.3%，落在34.26億瑞郎，換算成當地貨幣則下跌7.3%。 集團最高執行長Christoph Loos評論說：「走過春季封城期間前所未 有的蕭條之後，我們的銷售數字從六月開始已逐漸恢復。所以我們度過危 機的狀況比原先擔憂的好得多，但我們在每個地區的狀況差異很大。所以 我們持謹慎樂觀的態度，即使這場危機遠遠不到結束的程度而且前景高 度不透明。」 雖然2020年一開始很順利，但我們在北亞的事業在2020年2月重跌， 從3月開始我們在所有市場中的表現都明顯下滑。經過2020年第二季的低 點後，開始出現緩慢的復甦。從1月到8月，總銷售額下降12.3%，落在342.6 萬瑞郎。淨收入額同年下跌13.9%至3.14億瑞郎。此結果也受到瑞郎升值的 拖累。在銷售方面，2020年一月到八月期間匯率的負面效應達到了5%。
GESellschaft für Internationale PAtentverwertung 公司在1995年創立。不久後該公司 為「拉釘的製程」和「拉釘設置工具」申請專利。 這就是 GESIPA公司的起步，包括在1950 年底 首度參加漢諾威展，在展會上透過拉釘技術讓各產 業的許多顧客留下深遠的印象。 這間家族企業直到2008年後，成為跨國性SFS 集團旗下的事業長達10 年以上，在拉釘接合技術產 業塑造出領先供應商的形象。從推出電池供電的拉 釘設置工具，到含有監測設置過程的高效能自動化 工具，65年來GESIPA的拉釘接合技術不斷滿足行 業的最高要求。
® + LIGNOLOC 獲得技術許可
LIGNOLOC是第一個用於工業生產的歐洲櫸木製 鏈帶螺釘。LIGNOLOC螺釘特殊的釘頭設計，以及釘頭 高速鑽入時透過摩擦力生成的熱能，會使木螺釘中的木 質素與周圍的木材熔接，形成材料物質間的對接。這種 稱為木質素熔接的效應，經過漢堡大學科學家透過紫 外線掃描細胞結構的實驗獲得證實。 LIGNOLOC木螺釘的好處包括不會發生熱橋效應、避免出現 外觀不佳的木材變色或腐蝕痕跡、處理含螺釘的木質零件時減少 工具耗損。Raimund Beck公司指出，LIGNOLOC木螺釘也適用於 環保木造建設，比起生產鋼製螺釘，溫室氣體使用量減少75%。
+ Dejond防水系列添密封件新品 Dejond N.V的防水Tubtara®拉帽系列新增一款密封 產品，以Precote® 5樹酯密封的HDKX系列，用在需要平 面組裝應用的環境。新的Precote® 5樹酯材料是塗佈在 拉帽本體，位於埋頭部下方。當初是因為客戶想要找一 種平面安裝的防漏拉帽找上Dejond為其找出可靠的防 水方案而開發出來的。
+ 結合鉚釘與自鎖固螺帽雙優勢 Specialinsert公司強調其新的DEFORM-NUT®自鎖 固變形鉚釘適合接合可能鬆脫或面臨強烈振動的零件。可 變形、含專利自鎖固螺紋的管狀鉚釘是由Specialinsert公 司設計、申請專利和製造。該產品包括圓柱型或六角形的 款式，在螺紋部位尾端含有尼龍環，用來在組裝過程中對 螺絲施予摩擦力。該鉚釘可輕鬆安裝到盒子、管線、板金、 異型件，以及所有無法內插螺帽的支撐件。 該鉚釘擁有一般可變形鉚釘的好處，也有自鎖固螺 帽的功能。它的技術優勢包括不需從內部把它安裝到零 件上、不需追加使用螺紋固定劑或彈簧墊片也能保證不鬆 脫、能快速組裝螺絲。這是因為不需使用兩支扳鉗，這也 是與自鎖固螺帽不同之處。 該鉚釘材質包括鍍鋅鋼和不鏽鋼，以及不同形狀和尺 寸，提供中度的扭力(9Nm -18Nm)，可用來安裝M6~M8、 牽引載重力13,000N~ 21,000N。
在拉帽安裝時，多餘的樹酯材料會從螺身被刮下朝頭部移動，在平 頭和母料之間形成密封。密封處只有0.25mm厚，妥善地塗佈在不鏽鋼 和鍍鋅鋼上，並提供良好的抗熱和化學能力，使其適合使用在水和很 多車用液體的環境。對半六角拉帽來說，建議的六角孔尚需要觀察，但 若是正確安裝被適當成形的孔洞，樹酯密封可達到IP 57的防水組裝等 級。 隨著這種受歡迎且安裝有O型環或Rimlex®密封件的HX和HDPX 系列的出現， Dejond表示: 「Tubtara® 已經為防水拉帽的組裝設定了 新標準。」
Dejond 是一家獲EN9100認證的比利時Tubtara盲拉帽製造商，專 營冷成型不鏽鋼和創新客製化拉帽，同時透過專業的扣件批發商網絡 為全球一般、汽車和航太產業提供服務。 新聞提供: Fastener + Fixing雜誌 (www.fastenerandfixing.com)
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
2020年稍早，德國建築工程協會針對使用了LIGNOLOC®木 用螺釘的承重木材接合應用發布了全國技術許可。經過了一連串測 試和複雜計算，達成了所有委員會專家的期望。此許可允許在木框 上規劃、設計和使用承重的接合物件。硬木至木板和嵌板、木質材 料、石膏纖維板可透過Raimund Beck公司的LIGNOLOC®木用螺 釘接合到木質建材上。此外，也可透過LIGNOLOC的連接形成支 柱和承重的連續壁。
美洲新聞
美洲新聞
整理 / 惠達雜誌社
+ 機器人將在2030年遍佈世界 查理克爾(Charlie Kerr) 預想未來扣件產業會越來越走 向「熄燈製造」(在無人照料、關燈的情況下製造)。來自Kerr Lakeside公司的查理是美國拉斯扣件與機械設備展線上虛擬 座談會的與會者，座談會主題是扣件製造，他在會中憶起扣件 工廠在70 年代時才開始使用電腦。他問起：「還記得手機幾年 前剛出現，而他們的發展有多麼快速嗎？」有人問到扣件生產所 使用的機器人，對此他強調雖然目前小型機器人就要價1.2萬美 金，但它們可以全天候工作，不遲到也不會請病假。他說機器人 最先出現在扣件製程中的包裝部門。他宣稱到了2030年，機器 人就會遍佈世界。 來自Parker Fasteners公司的 麥特博德(Matt Boyd)則預想未來 QR碼的使用會更多，終端用戶會 一手掌握所有資訊。回顧疫亂之 年，麥特說航太產業銷售已下滑， 但衛生保健和半導體產業正在上 揚。他補充表示軍事產業仍穩定。
Kerr Lakeside公司過去曾製 造過的產品包括伸縮喇叭和小喇 叭等等樂器用的扣件。受疫情衝擊，此事業的業績掉到了零。來 自Buckeye Fasteners公司的賴瑞凱利(Larry Kelly)則說自家事 業在4、5、6月受到衝擊，但飲食產業和醫療產業的表現很好。 麥特則說Buckeye Fasteners公司接到了呼吸器急單。
會不會有更多扣件生產回流 麥特回覆：「是的，目前是這樣。但不保證以後也是。」 據 他觀察，有顧客在為新冠肺炎相關產品尋求可靠的國內扣件供 應。他補充表示：「他們希望在一周內就能出貨。」 克爾則說詢價量有增加，尤其是對某些材料的詢價。但他 指出，詢價量不一定代表生意量。他說替代產品來源的搜尋潮， 有一部分會把生意從中國轉到印度、越南或台灣，卻不一定會回 到美國。凱利則說2021年的提前詢價量有增加。「運費成本讓 我們處於有利的情勢。」
克爾指出，「重點不在於採購扣件所花費的成本，而是持有 扣件所需的成本」。貨運和品質都屬於那些成本中的一環。克爾 舉了一個例子，解釋什麼是持有扣件所需的成本，他想起自己在 1986年買過一台售價100美金的廉價腳踏車，但並不耐用。反而 是在1990年用200美金買的腳踏車，在30年後仍為他所用。
因應疫情 凱利預計新冠肺炎的影響會持續到明年。他說 Buckeye Fasteners公司在1905年設立的工廠很難因應疫情重新裝配。要 搬運笨重的扣件製造機械是很困難的事。但該公司創造了更符 合單元式製造(操作工在一條產線中生產多種產品)的環境，操作 員大多要顧兩台以上的機械，他 們的作業空間有做社交距離的間 隔，他們的互動也減少。他強調， 疫情讓資訊科技人員變成最有價 值的人士，製造業大多無法遠距 工作。 他說Parker Fasteners公司能 從3萬平方英尺的廠房遷廠到6.8 萬平方英尺的廠房實屬幸運，能 遵循疾管中心的指導原則在設備 之間間隔出社交距離。他還分散了輪班、在廠房內設置咖啡廳， 這樣大家去用餐就不用離開現場。他說沒有其他供應商來造訪 公司，這場疫情讓公司有更多時間檢視內部：「看看還有哪個生 意上的環節可以做得更好？」此外透過Zoom視訊，他發現和顧 客的距離變得更近了。他說公司在美國拉斯展參展所投注的成 本也能花在其他方式上。透過視訊的直接接觸，他不會像在展 場上一直被打斷，而能與顧客有更多單獨交流的時間。他說公 司的銷售在2020年只有些微的提升而已。 克爾則吐實說自己不喜歡遠距工作，但補充說工作的方式 將會有所不同。麥特發現卡車托運費用的上漲比原物料還多。 他說Parker Fasteners公司雇用18人，偏好雇用無經驗的人並由 公司提供訓練。克爾則說Kerr Lakeside公司是靠雇用臨時工。 他說淪落到要找員工還不算慘，更慘的是工廠滿是沒工作可做 的員工。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
+ Optimas在聖路易斯市開設PPE與 MRO直銷中心；拔擢Marc Strandquis 為最高執行長
Marc Strandquist >
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伊利諾州Optimas Solutions公司已在密蘇里州開設新的經銷 據點。這家全球性工業製造/經銷/服務提供商在聖路易斯市附近新 開占地30,400平方英尺的設施，將個人保護設備(PPE)和MRO市場 的消費性產品經銷全美。該公司也將美洲事業部門的董事長Marc Strandquist升為最高執行長。他任職後將掌控公司面對美洲和全球 的策略規劃和執行。他仍會繼續掌管公司的美洲事業部門。他在該 部門已達成營業額的成長、服務內容的多角化和技術進步，這也改 善了公司在美加墨南美地區的採購、營運和客服。
美洲新聞
專用工具及扣件經銷商協會(STAFDA)理事長在線上 的2020產業現狀演講中提問：「小型經銷商能不能抗衡亞馬 遜？」
Kinnunen Sales & Rental公司的董事長葛雷格休斯 (Greg Hughes)強調：「我們是弱勢的一方。」「但我在這裡要 告訴大家：『打輸的狗也是會咬人的！』」這位奧克拉荷馬 州的經銷商就是以狗作為公司的吉祥物。 他稱：「我就喜 歡當被壓在下方的鬥狗。越是有人說我做不到，我越樂於接 受那種挑戰。在我們業界，那些大廠們都說我們做不到。說 什麼我們實力跟不上他們，留不住下個世代的買家。」 「這場疫情逼得實體店面的客群不得不找各種方式來 完善自己的網購能力。顧客群越來越年輕化，他們越發把注 意力放在線上的風流情事，所以把我們的櫃檯和現場客戶服 務甩到一邊，而且大型超市的B2B專案也更加猛攻。我們的 顧客可能已經相信自己不需要我們了，但他們這樣想是對的 嗎？我們無法把亞馬遜踢出局，對吧？」 在奧克拉荷馬州讀完大學後，葛雷格從一家德系公司學 到怎麼把扣件相關產品直銷到終端用戶，他在兩年內變成 外勤銷售業務。他回憶說：「在接下來的幾年，我學到和關 鍵客戶建立關係，其中一位名叫瑞金努寧。金努寧是一個水 泥承包商，他已經很厭倦開車到遠地拿租賃的設備和日用 品。他手上有40萬美金和4000平方英尺的建物，就用來成立 Kinnunen Sales & Rental公司，並提供出租幾台設備和一些 水泥相關用品，包括我供應給他的噴漿混凝土、插銷、錨栓 和鑽孔工具。」2013年，葛雷格和妻子從金努寧手中買下了 經銷權。
與其他供應商建立強韌的關係 葛雷格說「向他人採購的渠道只會不斷增加，我們在2020 年 就已看到這趨勢光速成長。我們必須想出可以讓顧客和其他供應 商會想來找我們的誘因。」Kinnunen Sales & Rental這隻占下風的 鬥狗有一招咬回去的方式，是與其他供應商建立強韌的關係。「我 們都不能否認，我們的合作供應商對各自的公司、員工和股東都有 責任要做出事業表現，所以他們無法拒絕供貨給規模龐大的大型 超市和各種線上平台。話雖如此，但你知道嗎？我們的合作供應商 很喜歡我們，也知道我們端出來的產品有多好。只有我們會把供應 商帶到工作現場，讓他們用心參與我們所做的事。大型超市和線 上的巨頭都不會這麼做。我們要確保供應商知道，我們的成功之 道，大多來自於我們與他們的夥伴關係。他們會感受到、看到、了解 我們有多麼需要他們、感謝他們和仰賴他們來幫助我們搶回市佔 率。」這只是其中一種弱勢者扳回一城的方式。
投資線上平台和社交平台 葛雷格強調，許多經銷商看到線上的爆買使2020年的經銷銷 售一飛衝天。「他們是怎麼賺到這麼多生意的？答案是他們有投資 線上平台和社交平台。他們願意迎合年輕買家期望在手機上方便 購物的潮流。」葛雷格提出建議：「大家別急著說『可是我沒辦法砸 百萬銀兩做網站和app』。有句話我已重複說了好幾年。你不需要搞 得這麼難或那麼昂貴，但你不可能什麼事都不做，就好比你當初自 己創立公司時也不能什麼都不做。我們不能老是擺出自以為高尚的 態度，不能僅因為自己有個漂亮店面、貨架上的灰塵和地板都清得 乾乾淨淨、員工都笑臉迎人，就自以為大家都該來登門造訪。當然 我們都會提供前面講的那些，但也必須接受這個世代和未來世代 愛用app和線上購物的潮流。我們必須觸及那些我們大多沒看到的 消費者市場。」
+ Lawson Products併購Partsmaster Lawson Products最近從NCH Corporation手中以3,530萬美元併購了位於德州的 Partsmaster。這是Lawson五年內最大的 交易案，也會推升其營收達到4億美元。Lawson先支付了230萬美元的採購價，並且會在2021年五月付清剩下的3,300萬美元。 1968年成立成為NCH旗下事業體，Partsmaster是一家維修運營產品經銷商，年銷售為6,300萬美元，透過200個以上的代 理銷售給16,000名客戶。Partsmaster提供6種特別的產品線，包括優質螺栓、8級和5級螺栓和不鏽鋼和公制扣件。Lawson執 行長Michael DeCata表示: 「這項交易對我們持續成長的策略是重要的步驟。Partsmaster有類似的供應商管理庫存模式、類 似產品利潤和相輔相成的產品品項以及提供客戶優質服務的熱情。」 成立於1952年，位於芝加哥的Lawson Products專營維修運營產品和服務。Lawson在美國50州、波多黎各、加拿大、墨西 哥和加勒比海有經銷中心，總部設於芝加哥。
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+ 葛雷格休斯對STAFDA成員說： 「弱勢者也能致勝」
「當時Kinnunen Sales & Rental的銷售標語是『帶你回到工 作崗位』，我們也循此承諾創立事業。我們必須爭取顧客並留住他 們，讓他們有個選項可以更快向我們採購產品，甚至在某些情況 下可以從家得寶(Home Depot)、勞氏公司 (Lowe's)、亞馬遜或任何 突然在網路上出現的服務商買到更便宜的產品。未來五年，我們 有75%的金主顧客都會是Y世代和Z世代。我們已能接受這樣的事 實。我們已不再像老人發牢騷一樣埋怨世道的改變和年輕人的想 法，我們做出一連串的改變，只為了跟上變化。」
美洲新聞
+ 加拿大續課中台扣件反傾銷稅 + 安德魯強森在STAFDA協會演說： 未來經銷商的辦公室應該無紙化 安德魯(Andrew Johnson)對STAFDA協會建議，經銷商 迎向未來必須讓辦公室無紙化。他是Shelfaware LLC公司最 高執行長，也是一個跨多世代的經銷商。他談論到經銷商轉 型到數位化，讓他們將競爭優勢重拾回到小型企業身上。經 銷商必須雇用工程師研發「自動化分析」，他們需要一個整 合數據、提供警示和觸發資訊的資訊面板。安德魯力促：「你 必須持有你自家的數據。」 只要有了支援數據化的倉儲，經銷商就能和Fastenal、 Grainger和家得寶(Home Depot)直接競爭。大型連鎖店早已 佔據搜尋引擎上的廣告市場。安德魯建議經銷商必須挑選自 己線上出現的形式，但他也警告網站可能會過期。「重點是 要看顧客的眼球聚焦在何處。是LinkedIn還是線上影音平 台？」然而像是家具扣件業者，他們就可以在自己的利基市場 中競爭。安德魯自家的經銷事業就專攻O型環。 他說為了能競爭，經銷商可以踏入組裝和維修領域並兼 製造。小型經銷商可以提供客製化服務，但他也承認不是每 個點子都有用。「一定也會有揮棒落空的時候。」他對自家銷 售事業做未來轉型的作法，包括由他和表兄弟討論每個人的 長短處。這種做法必須延伸到企業。 他強調，團隊成員必須知道自己的短處。Fastenal公司 透過供應給安全和清潔服務市場而獲得成長。該公司在顧客 的據點共裝設了10萬台販賣機。小型經銷商必須堅持做能做 好的事，並攻擊競爭者的弱點。透過數位化手段來擘畫市場 利基。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
+ Orbitform併購C&B Machinery Orbitform以及一群投資人合作併購了位於密西根的 C & B Machinery，詳細併購金額不明。C&B Machinery 將在自己的員工和設備下以獨立運作的方式繼續營運。 Orbitform董事長Phil Sponsler表示: 「我們計畫延續過 續40年來C & B Machinery所訂下的基礎。我們期待與目 前具備高技術能力的C & B團隊合作讓公司繼續成長。」 成立於1980年，C & B Machinery設計生產高產能和 精密研磨機器，包括其汽車、航太和手工具市場雙碟研磨 設備。成立於1984年，位於密西根的Orbitform設計生產 軌道成型鉚接機和成型、緊固和安裝自動化設備。
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加拿大國際貿易法庭決定對進口自中國和台灣使用於機械式 接合的特定碳鋼螺絲繼續課徵反傾銷稅，並對自中國出口的相同產 品持續課徵反補貼稅，但不包含特別設計用於汽車和航太領域的 碳鋼螺絲。 加拿大邊境服務署先前根據特殊進口措施法案（SIMA）針對 源自中國和台灣的特定碳鋼扣件的正常價和出口價以及對源自中 國特定碳鋼扣件的受補貼金額啟動複審調查。這次複審調查屬於 加拿大國際貿易法庭在2015年1月5日所實施反傾銷措施的一部分， 可往前回溯至2010年1月6日和2005年1月7日所發布的兩次措施。
+ TR Fastenings提高醫療扣件產能 T R Fasten i ngs 已經提高醫療 設備用扣件的產能，藉以滿足因新 冠疫情影響而高漲的需求。Jeremy Scholefield 表示：「新冠疫情的爆發 讓醫療產品的需求史無前例大攀升。 為了回應疫情爆發，全球都轉而向醫 療相關企業尋求協助，促進產業活動並延伸至未知領域發展。為了 舒緩短缺，健康保健領域外的製造商也開始發展和生產醫療設備 和備品。」 需要扣件和零組件的關鍵醫療產品包括：
1.
呼吸設備
2.
個人防護裝備，像是口罩和防護面罩;
3.
可測出感染者的診斷試劑。
TR Fastenings回應了英國政府的急需來支援現有醫療設備製 造商和剛涉足這領域的企業。在技術專業、即時有效庫存、各種扣 件系列和全球錯綜複雜的供應鏈都就位之下，TR得以加速產品上 市時間。 Scholefield 寫到：「雖然扣件典型上在醫療裝置上是最小的 零件，但在裝置的組裝、功能性和結構完整性上扮演重要角色。在 設計初期就根據專業知識的扣件製造商配合可以降低需要高成本 重新設計的可能性。」 TR供應的主要產品為板金扣件、高等級不鏽鋼扣件、塑膠和 橡膠產品，以及呼吸器、醫療床具、超音波機、醫療成像設備、電擊 器、恆溫器、醫療電腦支架、容積幫浦和注入設備和真空抽取器用 的特殊零件。成立於1973年，英國TR Fastenings製造工業用和Ｃ類 扣件。
美洲新聞
+ 扣件銷量下滑拖累扣件經銷商 指數表現 扣件經銷商指數在八月出現下滑，在一陣銷售慘 跌表現中從前一個月的54.6點下滑至49.2點。六月56.9 點的表現是自2018年11月以來最佳的數據。R.W. Baird 分析師David Manthey 寫道：「在連續兩個月扣件經銷 商指數出現大幅改善後，八月的改善幅度自然會稍稍熄 火。」八月銷售指數下滑31.6點至47.6點。前瞻指數降低 1.7點至53.1點，同時八月平穩成長1.8點至46.1點，且供 應商出貨增加3.4點至60.5點。
Manthey 解釋道：「觀察扣件經銷商指數和前瞻 指數，我們相信這顯示出八月扣件市場的狀況在連續 幾個月的逐月顯著改善後開始有相對穩定的趨勢。」同 時，逐月定價下滑6點至52.6點，而逐年定價降低1.3點至 65.8點。八月扣件經銷商指數根據Manthey表示: 「顯 示出銷售趨勢正逐月改善，但商業活動水準可能尚未 回到疫情前的水準。觀察扣件經銷指數逐月平穩的驅 動力，銷售趨勢逐漸改善，但就業指數稍稍降低，拉低 整體指數表現。」在接下來六個月，53%的經銷商認為 商業活動或更熱絡，24%認為不會改變。 三分之一的回覆者對目前趨勢表示憂心。「比去 年8月下滑25%。相較於去年同期也下滑11%。表現非 常非常弱的一個月。」扣件經銷商指數是一份由FCH Sourcing Network 、美國扣件經銷商協會和Baird公司 所共同執行的北美扣件經銷商月調查。
+ MW Industries併購 + Life Sciences Business MW Industries母公司American Securities LLC併購NN Inc.的 Life Sciences事業部門，並將其與位於伊利諾的扣件製造商整合。 價值8.25億美元的交易案於2020年第四季完成。NN執行長Warren Veltman 表示:「這項交易提供Life Sciences正確的合作夥伴以及不 錯的合併價值。與 MW Industries結合可以幫助Life Sciences在全 球市場加速成長和創新，並為業務創造長期價值，放大股東權益。 NN的Life Sciences製造植體、外科儀器、單次拋棄式裝置和 醫療用組合件。核心主力產品包括精密金屬沖壓件、電光束焊接、 CNC 機床及車工、塑膠射模與微模、塑膠機械加工、3D製造。製造 高精密金屬和塑膠零件和組裝件的NN計畫使用約7億美元的銷售 淨收入來用現金支付債務。 成立於伊利諾的工具和模具公司MW Industries為35國25,000 以上客戶製造精密彈簧和特殊扣件。透過整合直接銷售、目錄和 經銷商，其 50,000 種產品銷售給航太、醫療、電子、能源、農業、 建築和其他領域代工廠商和修配用零部件客戶。在 2017年，MW Industries被American Securities併購。
+ Stanley Engineered Fastening公司將進行擴張 肯塔基州長最近宣布，史丹利百得公司旗下的Stanley Engineered Fastening公司計畫花費600 萬美元擴建位於克里斯蒂安郡的廠房，為肯塔基州民新增49個高薪職位。該公司計畫在25萬平方 英尺的廠地上再增建3萬平方英尺，這將擴大現有的事業並延伸到其他產品領域。擴建之後，廠房 的員工總數會增加到205人。擴建工程會在2021年7月完成。該廠在1966年建成，生產各式托架、塞 子、扣件、螺套、螺栓、螺母、鉚釘和螺絲。
Fastenal Co. 表示因為疫情關係從三月開始的扣件銷售下滑到八月持續放緩，相較於前一個月 7.5%的下滑，銷售下滑7.3%。Fastenal整體銷售八月下降2.2%至4.652億美元，該月日銷售成長2.5% 至2,215萬美元。美國銷售回升1.9%，加拿大/墨西哥銷售成長3.8%。根據末端市場來看，對製造業客戶的銷售下滑5%，對非住宅 用建築產業客戶的銷售在八月下滑13.5%。 該公司的人力在該月份下滑8.6%至17,747名員工。經銷部門人事萎縮10.3%至2,591名，同時製造部門人事減少11.4%至624名 員工。根據MDM所公布的一份報告指出: 「像是Fastenal這種市場領導者目前都大量投資在朝向電商和全能管道的方向去發展 的變革模式代表產業所趨。Fastenal正在關閉實體據點、整合存貨、把人員直接駐點客戶所在地並朝電商發展。」
Fastenal表示每日扣件銷售在2020年第二季年比下滑16.4%至3.923億美元(總銷售的26%)，該季個人防護裝備的銷售暴漲 116.3%。扣件銷售在2020第一季減少2.6%至4.497億美元(佔總銷售的32.9%)。
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+ Fastenal扣件銷售持穩
美洲新聞
+ 丹麥企業Rose Holm將在維吉尼亞設立美國首座據點 維吉尼亞州長Ralph Northam最近宣布北歐丹麥專營食品飲料、風力和熱交換產業用螺栓的領導製造商Rose Holm將投資135 萬美元在維吉尼亞Henrico郡設立第一座美國生產工廠。新據點將讓其更加貼近主要客戶並加強在風力能源的進展。 維吉尼亞成功擊敗印第安納取得此投資案，將會創造10個新工作機會。州長Northam 表示: 「維吉尼亞所有人都非常支持乾淨 能源，而且我們歡迎Rose Holm決定在我們州內設置首座美國據點。我們的乾淨能源維吉尼亞倡議正在加速對可再生能源的投資和 職缺創造。目前它也正在運送新的製造設備至 Henrico郡。我們期待與Rose Holm的強大夥伴關係，並攜手讓維吉尼亞成為美國東 海岸離岸供應鏈和服務產業的樞紐。
Erik Rose Holm在1953年創立，Rose Holm是一家私營丹麥金屬，主要專注於高品質緊固產品，尤其是專注在供應全球風力能 源產業。整合數十年的技術竅門、後勤和最近在進階生產技術的投資， Rose Holm的兩家工廠一年到頭都生產扣件解決方案。
+ AFC併購Master Distribution A F C I n d u s t r i e s 併 購了 M a s t e r Distribution (通道管道緊固元件及相關螺 帽、鉗件、螺絲、墊片、螺栓、托架和支柱 基座扣件及零配件經銷商 )。交易細節沒 有公布。位於俄亥俄州的Master庫存很多 商業、工業、基礎建設、公用事業和能源末 端市場用的鋼鐵、304不鏽鋼、316不鏽鋼、 鋁、鍍鋅、熱浸鍍鋅、電鍍鋅、上漆和粉末 包膜產品。AFC執行長Kevin Godin 表示: 「併購Master 讓我們可以透過增加周邊產 品項目來延伸核心事業的廣度。我們非常 興奮可以把我們組織的經驗和專業應用至 Master來刺激成長。」
China Fastener World no.61/2021
此交易案是AFC自2015年被Incline E quity Pa r tners 併購以來的第11次併 購。一月份AFC 併購了OEM 金屬零件經 銷商 The Chess Group。總部位於俄亥俄 Fairfield的AFC提供緊固和其他組裝零件 的供應鏈管理。客戶所屬產業包括汽車、 國防、流體處理、食品設備、照明、醫療、 交通和太陽能。AFC在2015年被匹茲堡的 Incline Equity Partners購併。
John Wolz, FIN編輯 （globalfastenernews.com） Mike McNulty, FTI副總兼編輯 （www.fastenertech.com）
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印度新聞
Indian News 整理 / 惠達雜誌社
+ 鋼製線材廠可能因原物料缺乏而關廠 根據印度當地產業組織的某位資深官員所述，在勞力密集的中小企業 中，鋼製線材廠面臨急遽的原物料短缺，這可能導致幾家線材廠關廠。 該官員表示，印度國內有100家線材廠雇用約50萬名員工，這些廠房的 產能運作量已低於50%，如果這狀況持續下去，其中有幾家就必須關廠。 鋼製線材製造商已向政府請願，確保維持非印度製特殊品項的原物料 供應和進口。 鋼製線材製造商協會秘書長Tirthankar Banerjee表示：「產業正面臨 高規棒線急遽短缺的問題，這些棒線用來生產線材，並透過不同的用途支 撐國家的建設。由於國內供應量不足且進口遭受限制，高規棒線的缺乏量 為五成。」 協會已敦促政府要求印度國營鋼鐵公司精簡化伯恩布爾廠的特殊棒線 製造，並建議Rashtriya Ispat Nigam公司和其他私營鋼廠以公平價格供應 足夠的原料給中小企業。
+ 旁遮普邦出口商在農民抗議活動中面臨困境 由於印度發生農民占鐵軌的抗議行動，貨櫃無法從旁遮普邦運送到港口，擾亂了原物料的供應，使旁遮普邦的出口業面臨重大 危機。因此，印度工程出口促進委員會北區分支已向旁遮普政府請願，設法維持製造業商品和原物料的運送。 在近期召開的記者會中，該委員會的主席Kamana Raj Aggarwalla表示，委員會雖然也支持抗議的農民，但旁遮普正戮力從肺 炎疫情和封城導致的嚴重挫敗中復甦，在此同時，商品運送的停滯使旁遮普面臨重大的危機。 「包括腳踏車、扣件、手工具、農機、運動商品、針織品、汽車零件，所有產業都苦於取得原物料。當地現有訂單的產品因為貨櫃 無法運送也無法取得，使得出口受到延遲。貨櫃沒有從魯得希阿那邦運出去，所以出口商很缺空貨櫃。」 該委員會的召集人Tushar Jain說，至少有3500個通關可發放的貨櫃都卡在魯得希阿那邦。「道路運輸 是短期內高費用的解決方式，但這不能完全解決問題，因為還要面對國家許可證的問題 和追加的昂貴支出。」 產業代表Sharad Aggarwal表示，買家很驚慌，這情況讓旁 遮普的出口商背上惡名。 「這可能因為喪失顧客信任而有長久的負面後果」，他還 說買家沒有收到產品就不會付款，所以旁遮普出口商的收款也 卡住了。 該委員會的地區副主席Guneet Rana表示，哈里亞納邦正 面對類似的抗議活動，但還可以在夜間運送貨櫃。他說旁遮普 政府應想出類似的解決方式面對抗議人士。 China Fastener World no.61/2021
新聞提供:印度扣件協會理事長Abhijat Sanghvi
24小時匯達行銷網 買賣訊息不漏接 019
俄羅斯新聞
俄羅斯新聞
整理 / 惠達雜誌社
+ BelZAN公司成為俄國第一家供應 扣件給福斯汽車的廠商 位於別列別耶夫斯基區的 Av tonor m a l 廠( 隸屬於國營 Rostec公司旗下RT-Capital)成為俄國第一家供應扣件給福斯汽 車俄國廠的廠商。 該廠簽署了一份4年期的合約，將每年供應超過9百萬件零 件用於福斯和Škoda小客車。該廠的產品已用在卡盧加市廠房的 車體組裝線上，也用於福斯位於下諾夫哥羅德市的車廠。依此合 約，Avtonormal已掌握新的生產技術來製造20種抗腐蝕性能更 高的扣件。
RT-Capital總經理Kirill Fedorov表示，有來自俄國工 貿部、巴什科爾托斯坦國當局和Rostec公司的支持，這樣能 避免公司破產並進入穩定化的過程。 新聞稿明示BelZAN在俄國汽車扣件市場的市占率約 為36%。該公司是KAMAZ和AVTOVAZ的主要供應商。
+ BelZAN由新領導者執掌 “ Interfax＂報導，Avtonormal的董事長已經換人。2020年 9月17日，該公司董事會提前終止Sergei Rodionov的職權，他自 2019年3月起就執掌BelZAN。前身為Molot-Weapon LLC公司 董事長的Roman Bukarev先生已被指派為該廠的新任董事長， 合約期間為3年。
+ Parallel公司啟用新設備
China Fastener World no.61/2021
去年10月底，Parallel啟用了一台高速沖壓機，搭載感應加熱 器來熱沖壓18~30mm的40X、09G2S、st.35、st.45鋼製螺帽。10月 初，該公司啟用了長度超過3公尺的熱處理設備。新的熱處理設 備是用來製造內嵌式的產品，並用來建設歐洲最大的摩天輪。
+ 俄國準備啟用新措施將車用零件國 產化並復甦產業 俄國工貿部聯手產業發展基金會，著手計畫在2021年於俄 國境內推動汽車零件的國產化。汽車產業部門主管Denis Pak在 某次會議中向工貿部長Denis Manturov表示：「我們會推動一 項大型計畫，透過投資專案將汽車零件的生產國產化。我們已 經投注了10億盧布。」
Denis Pak並宣布有意導入一套體制來出口汽車零件，讓製 造商與相關企業加入全球車廠的供應鏈。
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+ 烏克蘭產業對抗肺炎疫情 根據Metiz雜誌的消息來源，烏克蘭許多公司都因為疫 情的關係只有部分營運。此外，烏克蘭終裁決議對中國製的 部分扣件課徵67.4%的關稅，此舉搗亂了市場，此景才剛在 2020年11月才恢復正常。烏克蘭在2021年一月發動封城，抑 止肺炎傳播。 當地唯一出現成長的產業是建築業。為減少失業率，烏 克蘭政府宣布一項大型建設計畫，讓2020年前三季的當地 建築業成長0.2%。烏克蘭的扣件產業或可望在2021年出現 成長。2020年當地的GDP下跌約6%，鋼製品的進口量下跌 20%。根據世界銀行，烏克蘭在2021年的GDP成長率預計微 幅成長1.5%，將在2023年達到3.7%的成長率，進口量將在 2021下半年復甦。
+ 高強度扣件製造廠BERVEL成立 五週年 建廠後的前五年最關鍵。BERVEL 在2020年9月9日歡 慶成立5週年，並廣邀事業夥伴與顧客前來一同慶祝。董事 長Yuri Medvedev在開場演講時說：「對我們來說，這五年 是我們成立的初期。我們也安然度過了五年的時光。」 「我們的廠房一開始就被視為一項很有野心的計畫， 透過此廠投入市場的消息獲得了關注。我們專注於團隊的 專業度、科技的研發、新品的推出和透過生產高品質可靠的 產品來獲得消費者的信心。 今日的BERVEL是俄國最現代化的扣件與滾軋金屬產 品製造廠。」該廠通過認證符合ISO 9001:2015國際品管體系 標準，也符合生產控制體系標準，獲准生產貼上CE 標籤的 產品。它正在發展外銷，版圖持續擴大。除了有健全的產品 供應給獨立國協的國家，產品也輸出到德國和荷蘭。 作為其中一個發展項目，BERVEL計畫實施第二階段， 將增產、擴大產品陣容，並藉此擴大產品的銷售市場。即使 眼前有肺炎病毒的全球疫情，BERVEL的腳步未停歇，繼 續滿足顧客要求並採取措施保障團隊的健康。
這項新措施能否幫助車用扣件的生產？GAZ 集團董事長 Vadim Sorokin在Innoprom 2020展會中談論俄國汽車零件的 損失時說：「最終俄國的製造組裝產業會進入全球市場，伴隨 著本土化生產程度低和俄國當地製造平台不對接的問題。後果 會是俄國車用零件需求收縮、生產鏈紊亂以及某些供應商離 開俄國。其實在這段時間裡，我們已經失去了汽車零件產業。」
巴西新聞 俄羅斯新聞
+ 三廠聯合供應高強度扣件給KAMAZ公司 MMK、MMK-METIZ與BelZAN建立了一項聯合專案，提供高強度扣件給KAMAZ。MMK-METIZ的新聞中 心發布了這則消息。在此專案的架構下，MMK 和MMK-METIZ應生產高品質的32CrB4、36MnB4和42CrMo4等 級的滾軋鋼。各式合金鋼的研發會大幅改善車用扣件的性能特性。目前正在建置熱軋鋼材的常態性文件。 MMK-METIZ將提供前述等級的熱軋鋼材，讓BelZAN生產強度10.9和12.9級的扣件。此聯合專案的終極目標是將俄國高強 度車用零件全面國產化。
+ Oryol Steel首度供應零售用扣件
+ 奧廖爾市的SDT集團將投 資1億盧布啟用扣件包裝 產線 俄國產業發展基金會的專家委員會已同意 核發5千萬盧布的貸款給“ SDT-Group＂LLC。 此貸款會用在啟用新的扣件自動包裝產線。此 專案的總成本為1.01億盧布。新產能將達到每個 月2000噸產品。
Severstal-metiz旗下的Oryol Steel工廠已開始供應零售用扣件，供應的第 一家零售店是位於奧廖爾州的Lesotorgovaya。該廠的新產品長螺棒和小螺栓 已在該零售店上架。 在不久的未來，Oryol Steel會擴大零售用產品的陣容與銷售範圍。除了零 售之外，它也進軍小規模的批發市場。 它是俄羅斯第一家生產60度螺紋傾斜角螺棒的廠商，當時的投資額達到 近5900萬盧布。新產品的研發是在進口替代的投資專案下進行。
+ MMK-METIZ增加出口銷售 MMK-METIZ 在2020年前8個月的數據出現高水位的生產指標，扣件比去年 同期增產102%。即使面臨全球疫情和限制措施，該公司的五金產品出口仍比2019 年增加了106%。 新聞提供: Alexander Ostashov，"扣件·黏著劑·工具"雜誌主編 / Marina Valiakhmetova，"Metiz"雜誌編輯
巴西新聞
整理 / 惠達雜誌社
+ 德國材料測試機械製造商ZwickRoell 慶祝在巴西設廠10周年 2020 年 4月22日是葡萄牙航海家發現巴西新大陸後的第520周 年，這也是ZwickRoell集團在南美設立據點後的第十年。 受到疫情影響，十周年的慶祝活動延到 2020 年 11月26日在 ZwickRoell 位於坎皮納斯市的據點內舉辦。
Zwick 和Roell是材料測試與品管用機械科技方面的國際性領導廠商，創立於1854 年。這兩家都屬於德國同一個產業領域，且自90年代起聯手合作。
+ Âncora公司創立人逝世 Roberto Simione多年來是扣件經銷商店的業主，他與兒子Roberto Renato成立 了巴西Âncora Fastening Systems公司，結合了扣件的製造和進口。自那時起，設立在 維涅杜市的該公司在建築業快速擴張。目前公司占地2.5萬平方公尺，有7千平方公尺 是廠房，員工超過200名。
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
常務董事Gustavo Videira先生評論說：「如果要給自己打1到10 分的分數，我會給自家公司7分。我們的起步稍微難了一些，尤其前兩 年我們是在一家與當地某企業合資的公司裡運作。不過我們是以獨 立的方式運作，在最後三年改善狀況。
巴西新聞
Hassmann工廠
+ Hassmann公司邁入第65週年 汽車供應商Hassmann今日已是巴西最重要的扣件製 造商之一 Elka和Karl夫婦(奧地利籍和巴西籍)在1955年於南里約格蘭德州的 新文達移民鎮創立了Metalúrgica Hassmann公司。起初只是一家小小的 修車公司，專門保修設備並為其他產業生產零配件。不久，公司的事業活 動擴大。例如生產門鎖、門窗、和金屬窗框給距離新文達移民鎮130公里 的阿雷格里市PUC大學。 它的扣件事業是從1960年起步，起因是要尋找一系列符合國際標準 且巴西國內必需的產品，當時它的工業化進程才剛起步。 從那時起，Hassmann不遺餘力維持傑出的品質，成為南美洲最重要 的扣件製造商之一。 Carlos (子)、Peter (子)、Elka (母) 、Karl Hassmann (父)
目前該公司有280名員工，月產量達1.8萬噸，提供超過5萬種扣件， 例如螺絲、螺栓、鉚釘和特殊零件，直徑5~30mm，透過冷和熱成形產 製，並遵守嚴格品質規制，提供產品給汽車、農業和電氣電子產業。此 外，該公司也在海外的美國邁阿密設有辦公室。
Karl (父)、 Elka (母)、 Carlos (子)、Peter (子)、 Letícia (孫女)、Augusto (孫子)
+ 2020年巴西汽車產業在11月 表現最佳 產業仍受到原物料短缺和漲價的衝擊
China Fastener World no.61/2021
根據巴西汽車製造商協會(Anfavea)在2020年12 月7日公布的統計，該年11月是巴西汽車產業最好的 時期。但不只是汽車業，包括所有巴西產業都遇到問 題，包括原物料與零件短缺、價格持續上漲和因應 疫情所設的限制。 巴西在11月生產了238,200 輛車，只比十月成長 0.7%，因此當地汽車業供不應求。巴西2020年11月的 汽車產量比2019年11月成長了4.7%，但2019年當月的 汽車庫存約還有33萬輛，2020年當月卻只有12萬輛。 車工廠和經銷店也只剩16天份的車輛庫存。 從 2 0 2 0 年 1 1 月 往 前 延伸 一 年 的 總 產 量 為 1,804,759輛，同期下降了35%。
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+ SouthWind International公司歡慶第 25周年 巴西扣件相關機械與治具最重要的經銷代理商之一 說到巴西的扣件相關機械與治具，就會想到兩個具代表性的大 名。其一是SouthWind International (SW)公司，其二是它的創辦人J. Graef先生。
SW公司成立於1995年，它在巴西、拉美和美國的市佔率持續成 長，且在2015年在佛州設立了據點。 SW的專業項目可因應所有的扣件製造領域，包括原物料的整 備、整個製程、檢測和最終成品的包裝。 該公司在巴西獨家代理的廠商包括 Nedschroef、Weighpack, Universal P unch、P TG-Reed、Wrentham Tool Group、Reed Machinery、Tecno Impianti、Videx等等。
巴西新聞
+ Jomarca併購South Brazil的家具配件事業 併購合約僅涵蓋配件部門 Jomarca 是巴西扣件產業中的一大重要企業，日前在 2020 年 8月宣布併購 South Brazil集團下的家具配件事業。South Brazil集團闖蕩市場30年，轉向投資不織布事業。 Jomarca主任Ricardo Marques Castelhano 先生說：「併購合約囊括South Brazil集 團的所有配件產線(例如門的鉸鏈、滑塊，但不包括塑膠手把產線)。未來幾個月，所有設 備會從聖塔卡塔林那州移轉到Jomarca公司在聖保羅州的工廠。完成此變動後，我們預估 會在2021年啟用，但2020年已經有一部份先行運轉了。我們員工會從目前的1000人大增 到1200人。我們會擴增Jomarca的家具配件陣容，為顧客和伙伴提供更多變化。」
+ 巴西全年扣件進口額下降23% 貨幣貶值對巴西製造商有利 巴西2020年進口螺絲、螺栓、螺帽、鉚釘等等鋼鐵製、銅鋁 製扣件的金額下跌約23%。巴西的進口來源，包括中國(佔23%)、 美國(16%)、日本和德國(10%)，以及台灣(5.6%)都自2020年第二 季開始進入復甦階段。2020 年11月，巴西從美國進口了9,765噸 (4,687萬美元)的扣件，10月進口了9,115噸(4,350萬美元)。
2020 年起截至11月，巴西的總進口量為93,733噸(4.51億美 金)，下降22%。
Ricardo和João Marques Castelhano (分別為Jomarca公司主任與董事長)
+ 巴西截至2020年九月的扣件進口 量為2019全年的六成 巴西2020年前9個月進口74,853.96噸扣件(價值3.61億 美金)，佔2019年進口金額(6.21億美金)的60.4%。2019年9月 進口7,976噸扣件(3,898萬美金)。 受到中國等等扣件供應國的影響，巴西今年的數字可 能不樂觀，還不包括巴西貨幣貶值導致的進口暴跌。但結果 會比預期的更合理，跌幅會在25%左右。
+ ArcelorMittal首位女性事業主管 年輕的女性執行主管執掌巴西Sul Fluminense工業部門 ArcelorMittal在巴西其中一家鋼鐵事業部門(Sul Fluminense)下的事業主管一職由 一名女性接掌，掌管長形鋼材，包括鋼棒和扣件生產用的盤元。 該部門執行長Jefferson De Paula在2019年八月宣布了這項消息：「這對我們來說 是一個值得驕傲的消息，Tatiana Furtado女士打破了傳統男性的藩籬和成 規。她的職務管理範疇包括位於里約熱內盧的巴拉曼薩廠和雷森迪廠。雇用約 1300名直屬和非直屬員工，大多是男性。」 她擁有生產工程師學歷，在鋼鐵業工作了20年，已婚，年已40，是六歲和 四歲孩子的母親。 Tatiana Nolasco
+ 線性導塊為Norlam滾牙機用戶帶來優勢
該公司董事長Nelson Rodrigues先生說：「從治具的外形整齊排列、高 鋼性和耐用度就能看出其精密度。此外，它簡化了保修並降低成本。」除了 生產5~100噸位的機械之外，該公司也維修用於滾牙的機械和治具，例如 滾牙的模具或滾牙筒。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Norlam Indústria de Máquinas e Ferramentas公司的滾牙機上專用導 塊可在滾製扣件與相關產品的外螺紋時，提供高精密度的操作。
Norlam線性導塊
新聞提供: 巴西扣件雜誌 "Revista do Parafuso" 主編 Sergio Milatias
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惠達特搜 全球新聞 惠達編輯部 整理
<< 產業動態 >> 歐盟對中國鋼鐵扣件啟動反傾銷調查 根 據 歐 盟 2 0 2 0 年 1 2 月 2 1 日官 方公 報，將 對 進口自中 國的特定鋼鐵製扣件 ( C N 編 碼 7 3 1 8 1 2 9 0、 73181491、7318149 9、 73181558、7318156 8、 73181582、7318158 8、 ex73181595、 ex73182100 和 ex7318220 0) 進行反傾 銷調查。涉案方的相關聽 證要求必須在公告日起15 日內提出。預計從公告日起 算 7 個月內，歐盟執委會將 公布初步裁決並實施臨時反 傾銷稅。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
陸扣件遭歐盟反傾銷調查 台廠利多 歐盟決定對大陸進口的扣件產品進行反傾銷調查，調查產 品包括汽車用螺絲、營建用小螺絲等，這是歐盟相隔近5年後再 度對大陸開鍘，未來一旦對大陸課徵反傾銷稅，勢必帶來轉單 效應，尤其高單價的汽車螺絲受惠最大，包括春雨、聚亨、三星、 恒耀、久陽等都是受惠鋼廠。 對於歐盟這項舉動，台灣螺絲公會理事長蔡圖晉表示，未 來如歐盟真的對大陸課徵反傾銷稅後，預期台灣汽車扣件等產 品的轉單效應，可望增加10多億美元。蔡圖晉指出，目前台灣外 銷歐洲市場的產品，以汽車螺絲為主，歐盟占外銷量超過20％， 其中德國是2020 年外銷的笫二大出口國，其它銷往歐洲的螺絲 產品也包括小螺絲等，國內許多廠商都有銷售，至於美國仍是我 最大出口國，占外銷量的40％以上。 汽車螺絲生產大廠恒耀國際董事長吳榮彬認為，歐盟對大 陸扣件產品進行反傾銷調查，對台灣螺絲業來說是一項利多消 息，因該公司目前銷到歐洲，尤其是銷往德國的汽車螺絲，每年銷 售金額達到2億至2.5億美元，占其總外銷量三成左右，但銷歐的 產品大多由台灣總廠銷去，或由德國當地鋼廠生產後就近供應，幾 乎沒有自大陸廈門廠供貨，因此未來仍有機會獲得轉單效應。
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RCEP衝擊恐關廠或外移， 台灣螺絲產業盼政府伸援手 台灣經濟部在 2020 年11月22日與產業公會代表召開 RCEP 產業影響座談會。台灣螺絲工業同業公會理事長蔡 圖晉會前受訪表示，台灣螺絲產業世界排名第 3，但產值 從 2018 年至 2019 年由新台幣 1,760 億元降至 1,430 億 元，2020 年連要達到 1,100 億元都有問題，主要就是新台 幣匯價太強及外銷面臨高關稅所致。 蔡圖晉指出，近兩年新台幣升值幅度達12%至15%，造 成整體螺絲產業一年匯損達 50 億元，希望新台幣貶值；同 時，螺絲產業外銷至東協市場，平均面臨5%至30%關稅。 蔡圖晉認為，RCEP 完成簽署，電子、5G、醫療產業等 確實不受影響，因為這方面台灣產業表現最強；但螺絲產 業雖在航太、汽車、電子領域表現也不差，卻面臨很大競爭 壓力，加上匯率、關稅不利因素，「產業沒有競爭力，可能要 關廠或者外移」。螺絲生產大廠晉禾企業董事長、台灣螺絲 工業同業公會副理事長蔡永裕表示，配合新南向政策，供 應鏈先前就已向東南亞國家佈局，外銷歐美等高端市場， 產業本身具有競爭力，但2020 年受疫情衝擊，外銷市場幾 乎停頓，眼看到今年第 2 季都無法改善，希望政府可以協 助，例如：適度讓新台幣貶值。
鋼市缺貨搶料熱，Q2鋼鐵股歡騰 由於日本製鐵公司已暫停承接新單，缺貨搶料現象難 解，鋼價今年第 1 季漲勢確立，業者預期，市況火熱可望延 續到第 2 季。國際鐵礦價創逾 9 年新高，2020年以來大漲 逾 80%，中鋼今年 1 月及第 1 季盤價持續上漲，下游從棒 線、鋼板等需求都相當強勁，中鋼董事長翁朝棟看好，鋼市 榮景可以延續到 6 月。鋼鐵下游廠營運逐漸走出陰霾，聚 亨昨天舉行法說，預期盤元價格維持走升態勢，螺絲外銷 接單也有好轉，看好榮景延續到第 2 季，可望為公司帶來 亮麗獲利。
烏克蘭對中國進口鋼製扣件 作出反傾銷最終裁定 2 0 2 0 年 9月 2 6 日烏克 蘭國際貿易 委員會 針對原產 於 中國 螺 絲、螺 栓 和 螺 母 等 特 定 鋼 製 扣 件 ( 海 關 編 碼 7318156890、7318158290、7318158890、7318159590、 7318169290 和7318169990) 作出反傾銷肯定終裁。自2020 年 9月29日起，除特定中國廠商海寧市海迅貿易有限公司 ( 浙江海迅精密科技有限公司 )、寧波金鼎緊 固件有限公 司可分別獲 得32 .47%和 38.37%的優惠 稅率外，其餘中 國廠 商皆須課 徵 67.4 0 % 的反 傾銷稅率，效期 5年。
惠達特搜全球新聞
<< 廠商動態 >>
美國Elgin為通用汽車LS系列 車款引擎拓展扣件供應品項 美國引擎 和底盤 零 件 領導製造商 E l g i n Industries日前為美國通用汽車長銷車款LS系列引 擎延伸增加扣件供應品項。頭部螺栓、主要軸承帽 螺栓和其他五金使用一次後要換新對防止鉗力負 荷喪失和潛在引擎損傷是很重要的。每一顆 Elgin 扣件都滿足規格要求且是由美國要求等級的材料 車修完成，藉此確保優異強度和可靠度。Elgin是推 桿、搖臂、閥件、閥件彈簧、凸輪軸以及其他車用高 性能引擎用精密零組件的優質製造商。該公司在伊 利諾有先進的加工、製造和經銷廠房。
美國Simpson Strong-Tie 遷移明尼蘇達倉庫至更大廠區 美國精密結構連接產品和建築產品方案領導 廠商Simpson StrongTie宣布把目前位於明 尼蘇達Eagan的倉庫遷 移至7英里外位於Inver Grove Heights的較大 廠房。新址大樓約比舊 倉儲地點大上46,500 平方英呎。原先位於Eagan據 點的19名員工也全數遷至新址辦公。這次的遷移主 要是為公司未來的發展和訴求能提供客戶更快速 的產品出貨和預訂寄存服務。新址將提供更多儲藏 和辦公空間、更大的訓練中心，以及更有效率的揀 貨和更好的倉儲安全性。
日本汽車冷壓零件廠三惠 在印尼設立 海外母工廠 日本三重縣 的三 惠株 式會 社 生 產 插 銷、鉚 釘、 車 軸等 等 車用零 件，先 前 在 美 國、 上 海 設有 據 點 以 進 行 生 產 和 銷 售，而 在印尼的新工廠 P T. T I GA K A RU N I A I N DON ESI A 現在已 經完工，作為海外的生 產和供應據點。 三惠備有完整的零件成形機以生產各種車用高精密零件。未來印尼 廠將成為三惠在海外的母工廠，聯合其他海外據點向全球提供高品質、低 成本的產品。
Goebel Fasteners, Inc. 宣布Accufast, Inc.為其 加拿大西部獨家經銷商 Goebel Fasteners, Inc.宣布 與Accufast, Inc.成立夥伴合作 關係，將指派其為加拿大西部的獨家經銷商。Accufast, Inc.將可以在加 拿大西部四省( 亞伯達、英屬哥倫比亞、曼尼托巴和薩克其萬 ) 獨家經銷 Goebel旗下M-Grip™系列防鬆螺栓系統和整個盲緊固產品線。 Goebel集團執行長 Marcel Goebel 表示 : 「Goebel Fasteners, Inc.非常高興可以與 Accufast, Inc.合作在該區域獨家銷售我司產品。 Accufast對盲緊固系統以及如何在每項應用中挑選適合的治具來確保最 佳零件品質上有充足知識也是產業領導者。」 Accufast, Inc.董事長Murray Mathers也表示: 「過去幾年我們的庫存 出現顯著成長，透過與Goebel合作服務加拿大西部的經銷網絡，我們最近 購下更大的倉儲系統和更廣的產品提供內容，將可以更加滿足客戶需要。」
瑞士3d-prototyp GmbH 取得EN 9100:2018航太認證 瑞士Bossard旗下3d-prototyp GmbH公司日前 已經正式取得EN 9100:2018的航太認證。取得這 項認證是供應航太產業3D列印零件的先決條件。 雖然有前瞻性的技術，但3D列印製造在瑞士的應 用仍屬少數。自2020年10月起，3d-prototyp GmbH 已經成為瑞士唯一一家可提供3D列印服務且獲得 EN 910 0 認證的供應商。其本身已經有多年使用 高性能材料(Ultem TM 9085、Ultem TM 1010、 Nylon 12、Nylon 12CF)製造航太零件的經驗。
美國Apex Tool Group (ATG)近日宣布 指派Bob H. Heisner為資深副總及行銷長。在 這樣的職務安排下，Bob將領導所有ATG手工 具和電動工具品牌(包括GEARWRENCH®、 APEX®、Crescent®、Weller®、Cleco® 和 SATA®) 的進一步發展，同時也會持續加強 ATG 電子商務的能力。Bob 將直接向ATG 執 行長Jim Roberts進行報告。 自從 2016 年七月加入 ATG 成為全球電 動工具部門行銷副總後，過去許多年來 Bob 就一直協助支持該公司的行銷建構和轉型計畫。在加入ATG之前，Bob 也曾經帶領過產業內一些領導品牌的開發，像是DeWalt Accessories、 Kwikset Locks、Hennessy Tools (Danaher旗下部門)、Lenox Industrial Tools和Rubbermaid Commercial Products。
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
美國Apex Tool Group任 命Bob Heisner為行銷長
惠達特搜全球新聞 德國Vossloh獲得蒙古 新重貨運輸鐵道緊固 系統供應合約 義大利Growermetal鐵道用 Dörken®鍍膜雙圈彈簧墊片獲德 鐵認證 這 是 一 項 G rower met a l和 D ö r k e n ® 雙 邊合作 的成功案例。德國鐵 道 公司 D B 最 近 認可 了具備Delta-Protekt ® KL100 鍍膜且符合UIC 864-3技術規格標準的Growermetal專利雙圈彈 簧墊片。這系列墊片廣泛被用於鐵道來將鐵軌 緊固至枕木上。墊片承載面的部分鋸齒狀設計 可以避免螺栓鬆脫和斷裂風險。鐵道墊片時常 要暴露在具挑戰性的氣候條件。基於此理由， Growermetal所提供具備Dörken®高性能鍍膜產 品Delta-Protekt ® KL100 的雙圈彈簧墊片能夠 在ISO 9227所規範的中性鹽噴測試中達到超過 72 小時的傑出抗腐蝕表現，且在操作應力下不 會有黏合問題或發生抗鬆脫表現減少的問題。
日本八幡螺絲確立 水蒸氣式表面處理技術 八幡螺絲(Yahata Neji Corporation)與芝浦 工業大學共同開發出水蒸氣式表面處理技術， 可對鋁製螺絲為首的扣件和特殊零件同時實現 高強度和高抗腐蝕的性能。透過此技術，即使目 標物的形狀複雜，只需要透過一道工序把它暴 露在高溫和高壓水蒸汽中，也能形成均一的皮 膜，耐腐蝕性能等同於陽極氧化處理的效果。該 公司將透過多次加工處理實驗將此技術優化，目 標在兩年後完成量產體制。
德國 Vossloh 在蒙古取得首份重貨運輸鐵道緊固系統產品供應合 約。長約270 公里的鐵道將連接Tavan Tolgoi和位於中國邊界的Gashuun Sukhait關口。在鐵道完成後，每年約 3,000萬噸的貨品(主要是鋼鐵生產 必要的原物料) 將可以在新鐵道線上進行輸送，跟目前的道路運輸方式 比起來，將可產生更顯著的環境優勢。緊固系統產品的出貨不久前已經 開始，且大約 70 公里的線路已經完工。在目前的計畫下，建築工事將會在 2021年底完成。
BBI指派Scott Gibson 為Proferred手工具部門 全球銷售產品經理 BBI 旗下手工具部門 Proferred宣 布指派Scott Gibson為新任全球銷售 產品經理。Scott 將負責Proferred所有 銷售工作，並服務建築和乾牆相關產 品領域客戶。他將負責全球客戶的支援 工作，並與各採購組織和展會宣傳上 進行協力合作。
美國Mate Precision Tooling 宣布改名為 Mate Precision Technologies 美國板金相關產品領導製造商 Mate Precision Tooling 宣布將更改 公司名為Mate Precision Technologies。此次更名反映出該公司拓展金屬 加工服務以及利用其專業提升研發力來開拓未來工廠生產力的決心。除 了現有產品項目會繼續維持外，更名也意味其將拓展至金屬切削和車修 產業領域，並在2021年發表主要新品。新名已於2020年9月1日正式生效， 且在2021年前該公司所有產品和服務都會改掛新名。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
美國扣件及工具公司AIS 獲頒傑出品質獎 隸屬美國MSC公司旗下的AIS-All Integrated Solutions宣布最近 獲頒傑出品質獎。該獎於Motus 2020 年度供應商大會上進行頒發。該獎 項表揚AIS高達10,000,000 件扣件及工具產品出貨零瑕疵紀錄。AIS也是 2020 唯一一家獲頒此獎的供應商。每位AIS負責品質、倉儲、銷售的團隊 成員共同努力提供優質服務給Motus，獲得此獎實至名歸。
AIS-All Integrated Solutions董事長 Nick Ruetz 表示: 「我對我們 團隊2020 年的表現感到自豪。他們真的很努力要來確保客戶獲得最高品 質的服務和產品。獲得此獎項再次確認AIS對於品質、企業文化和員工訓 練的關注正持續為客戶創造成功基石。」
026
惠達特搜全球新聞
<< 併購資訊 >> 美國S.W. Anderson併購 OEM Fastening Systems 美國特殊和 C 零件經銷商 S.W. Anderson Company併購位於美國喬 治亞州Lawrenceville的特殊扣件經 銷商OEM Fastening Systems。
S .W. A n d e r s o n 董 事長 J i m Degnan 表示 :「我們非常興奮歡迎 OEM Fastening Systems員工加入S.W. Anderson的大家庭。OEM在美國東南部一直是以客戶為重的產品專家著稱， 這非常符合我們的價值定位。我們期待跟新團隊成員合作來延伸提供給代工客 戶的產品和服務。」OEM Fastening Systems 的董事長和負責人Tom Smith表 示:「我們在優異產品和服務的盛名與S.W. Anderson與製造商的關係和知識作 結合，將可以賦予我們客戶一個有在地化和個人化服務和來自國際製造商供應 高科技產品的強力夥伴。」
<< 協會動態 >> 螺絲公會改選 蔡圖晉連任理事長 台灣螺絲公會於2020 年12月11日 舉行會員代表大會，並舉行下屆理監 事和理事改選，由蔡圖晉順利連任，並 選出三位副理事長分別為晉禾企業董 事長蔡永裕、新倡發螺絲總經理洪敏 嫣、朝友螺絲董事長孫得人、及監事會 召集人豐鵬螺絲董事長林登鴻。
OEM Fastening Systems成立於1969年，是專業扣件經銷商。OEM協助汽 車、戶外電力設備和其他市場領域的設計和製造工程師所需的扣件、治具和治 具修護產品。1926年成立，總部設於伊利諾的S.W. Anderson Company專門供 應工業製造市場用的特殊和標準扣件、五金、滑軌和製造零件。該公司提供汽 車、商用載具、消費性產品、航太、食品產業的高階製造商和代工商相關服務， 並在美國有7個銷售辦事處/經銷中心以及35名技術銷售人員。
美國Avantus Aerospace併購California Screw Products 全球航太和國防產業用C級及複合零件領導廠商Avantus Aerospace宣布併購位於加州派拉 蒙的California Screw Products ("CalScrew")。CalScrew生產商用和軍事航太應用特殊高強度扣 件，正好與Avantus集團旗下其他公司包括 2019年12月併購的FTC (Fastener Technology Corp)和2020年9月 併購的FIT (Fastener Innovation Technology)的屬性不謀而合。 成立於1984年的CalScrew一直以創新可靠且製造標準難度極高的產品供應聞名，服務超過45個航太 產業平台。有些客戶關係的經營已長達數十年，像是波音、Incora、Honeywell、Collins、Pratt & Whitney、 GE、Airbus和Lockheed Martin都是。現有的管理團隊將持續在扣件部門董事長Dennis Suedkamp和商 業開發經理Larry Valeriano指導下負責公司運作和成長。Larry之前是CalScrew的董事長。
美國L&W Supply併購Drywall Supply Inc.
China Fastener World no.61/2021
美國高質建材和特殊產品經銷商 L&W Supply Corporation宣布已經併購科羅拉多州丹佛市 西北部的建材經銷商 Drywall Supply Inc. (“ DSI ＂)。成立於1996年，DSI專注在居家和商用市場， 提供乾牆、天花板、絕緣、鋼鐵螺柱和相關建材產品。併購案包括DSI位於Loveland、Lafayette和 Golden的據點，這三個據點將會持續保持運作。Drywall Supply團隊長久以來供應包商客戶他們所 需的支持和專業。作為L&W Supply的一部分，他們所加入的是一家服務和高品質產品備受市場肯 定的公司。
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產業報導 惠達特搜全球新聞
中國機械通用零部件工業協會七屆三次理事會暨會員代表大會在上海舉行 中國機械通用零部件工業協會七屆三次理事會暨會員代表大會於2020年11月3日和4日在上海隆重舉行，近二百名理 事、會員代表和特邀嘉賓出席了會議，會議由輪值理事長馮光主持。
11月3日召開了七屆三次理事會，會議審議了七屆三次會員代表大會議程、2019中國機械通用零部件工業協會工作總 結報告、 “中國機械通用零部件工業協會技術創新獎＂獲獎名單、表彰先進分會和優秀協會工作者的決定、《中國機械通 用零部件工業協會科研成果及新產品鑒定辦法》、中國機械通用零部件工業協會章程修正案及監事會人員調整，聽取了 監事會工作報告，會議同意完成輪值理事長輪換工作，會員代表大會閉會後由宣碧華正式接替輪值理事長職務。 11月4日會員代表大會，首先由馮光輪值理事長致辭，他指出，這次會議是在非常特殊的時期召開的會議，過去的一 年行業企業取得了不錯的成績，也應該看到存在的瓶頸問題仍然沒有得到根本轉變。當前全球疫情仍然嚴峻，對產業影 響仍不可低估，希望新的一年取得更好的業績。 大會也頒發“中國機械通用零部件工業協會技術創新獎＂ ，評選出125項獲獎技術產品。 在與會理事、會員代表、特邀嘉賓、相關企業的努力下，中國機械通用零部件工業協會七屆三次理事會暨會員代表大 會取得圓滿成功。
美國
2020 年扣件大廠財報 區間
金額單位：百萬元
銷售額
稅前收入(損失)
淨收入(損失)
2020
9,286
173
(170)
2019
10,433
(438)
(1,125)
增減比 (%)
-10.9
---
---
區間 2020 年度截至 8月
2019 增減比 (%)
區間
China Fastener World no.61/2021
依照公司英文名稱字母順序排列
(美金)
年度截至 12月
年度截至 12月
年度截至 8月
028
整理/惠達 更新於2021年1月22日
營業額
營業收入
稅前收入
淨收入額
225.245
10.441
10.967
7.717
13.020
12.972
9.356
-19.8
-15.4
-17.5
221.241
+1.8 淨銷售額
毛利
營業收入
稅前收入
淨收入額
2020
5,647.3
2,567.8
1,141.8
1,132.7
859.1
2019
5,333.7
2,515.4
1,057.2
1,043.7
790.9
增減比 (%)
+5.8
+2.0
+8.0
+8.5
+8.6
2020
3,192.399
1,343.322
350.740
334.250
251.117
2019
3,363.817
1,432.043
399.996
383.129
288.865
增減比 (%)
-5.0
-6.1
-12.3
-12.7
-13.0
資產總額 14,864 (2020年12月) vs. 14,631 (2019年12月) 資產總額 106.453 (2020年8月) vs. 92.878 (2019年8月) 資產總額 3,964.7 (2020年12月) vs. 3,799.9 (2019年12月)
2,382.430 (2020年8月) vs. 2,311.237 (2019年8月)
產業報導
歐洲 區間
(英鎊)
年度截 至 3月
營業利潤 稅前利潤
淨利潤 (損失)
營業額
毛利
2020
200.221
55.107
4.077
3.042
(238)
2019
208.952
62.635
17.096
16.421
12.244
增減比 (%)
-4.1
-12.0
-76.1
-81.4
---
資產總額 216.138 (2020年3月) vs. 204.567 (2019年3月)
日韓 營業額
淨利潤 (損失)
經常利潤 (損失)
淨利潤 (損失)
2020
12,468
16
108
(184)
2019
14,567
585
668
472
增減比(%)
-14.4
-97.2
-83.8
---
截至6月 2021 的年度 預測 增 減 比 ( % )
11,142
27
105
73
-10.6
+70.2
-2.3
---
區間
銷售額
毛利
營業利潤
調整過的稅 後收益
2020
63,714
7,653
219
160
2019
80,282
9,144
1,368
1,041
增減比(%)
-20.6
-16.3
-83.9
-84.6
區間 年度截 至 6月 (日幣)
Pung Kang
年度截 至 8月
(韓圜)
資產總額 14,517 (2020年6月) vs. 15,535 (2019年6月
資產總額 83,048 (2020年8月) vs 88,126 (2019年8月)
東南亞
(馬來西亞令吉)
年度截 至 6月
營業額
毛利
2020
534.907
48.282
9.714
7.300
2.417
2019
680.729
97.961
71.846
68.822
57.578
增減比(%)
-21.4
-50.7
-86.4
-89.3
-95.8
(盧比)
(盧比)
年度截 至 3月
年度截 至 3月 (盧比)
淨利潤
總收入
稅前利潤(損失)
淨利潤(損失)
2020
3,325.019
(151.938)
(322.123)
2019
4,552.456
37.996
25.585
增減比(%)
-26.9
---
---
2020
1,518.753
(106.527)
(77.516)
2019
1,955.478
77.557
58.623
增減比(%)
-22.3
---
---
2020
31,450.1
3,764.0
3,140.4
2019
40,198.9
6,196.9
4,361.9
增減比(%)
-21.7
-39.2
-26.9
區間 年度截 至 3月
營業利潤 稅前利潤
資產總額 289.250 (2020年6月) vs. 277.444 (2019年6月)
資產總額 2,527.309 (2020年3月) vs. 2,820.867 (2019年3月)
1,399.809 (2020年3月) vs. 1,408.142 (2019年3月)
32,315.2 (2020年3月) vs. 33,963.5 (2019年3月)
029
China Fastener World no.61/2021
區間
產業報導
RCEP對東盟扣件出口影響 、中 區域全面經濟夥伴協定(RCEP)已經於2020年由東盟10國 國、日本、南韓、紐西蘭和澳洲所正式簽署。這項協定所涵 蓋的區域共有約34億人口，佔了全球人口的40%。這15國的國內 生產毛額(GDP)為38.8兆美元，約佔全球加總的30%。這項協定 可以為會員國帶來龐大機會。像是更容易進入市場和更開放的貿 易限制都是這項協定預期可以帶給成員國的一些機會。在扣件產 業中，與日本和南韓等技術先驅合作將可以協助東盟扣件製造商 發展製造產線。至於在國際貿易層面，東盟製造商則可以與中國 進行合作。
扣件，2.982億美元來自出口扣件)。扣件進出口之間 (出口 值相較於進口值)為-9,680萬美元的逆差。
印尼
東盟扣件製造商如何善用RCEP來成長?
身為東盟地區最大經濟體的印尼將可以吸引更多對 扣件產業的外國直接投資。其扣件進出口值為6.156億美 元(5.284億美元來自進口扣件，7,720萬美元來自出口扣 件。扣件進出口之間(出口值相較於進口值)為-4.612億美 元的逆差。其出口比其進口少上7倍，因此，強烈建議印尼 扣件製造商應該專注於出口扣件，否則其在該產業的成長 動能可能會就此停住。
新加坡
越南
新加坡是東盟區域的貿易樞紐。它是全球最大的港口之一。 在這個地位基礎上，RCE P 雖然短期內無法為新加坡 扣件產業創造優勢，但長 期來看，它可能可以成為 全球最重要的扣件進出港 口之一。
越南是東盟區域第二大的扣件交易國(泰國是第一 大)。越南扣件進出口值為10.307億美元(5.757億美元來自 進口扣件，4.55億美元來 自出口扣件)。扣件進出 口之間(出口值相較於進 口值)為-1.207億美元的 逆差。
新加 坡 的 扣 件貿易 進出口值為7. 2 6 6 億美元 (4.098億美元來自進口扣 件，3.168億美元來自出口 扣件)。扣件進出口之間(出 口值相較於進口值)為-9,300萬美元的逆差。
RCEP可能會給越南 企業提高出口、建立新價 值鏈以及吸引進一步國 外 投資的機會。削減進 口稅也會為來自扣件業 的產品開闢新商機，這些 產品仍持續顯現成長的出口交易額。
筆者的預測為: 該國的扣件貿易平衡長期來看將會縮小於趨 近於0。
泰國 不同的製造產業有不同程度的扣件消費量，在該國像是汽車 這類產業的消費量尤其高。泰國的扣件產業可能可以透過改善 在亞太地區的供應鏈從RCEP架構下獲益。在這個區域，泰國具 備相當工業化的地位，這可以幫助其國內製造商取得更便宜的原 料。 泰國的扣件進出口值為15.851億美元(10.393億美元來自進口 扣件，5.458億美元來自出口扣件)。扣件進出口之間(出口值相較 於進口值)為-4.934億美元的逆差。 China Fastener World no.61/2021
文/Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
筆者的預測為: 倘若泰國扣件製造商可以專注於扣件的創新 概念上，那麼RCEP所帶來的主要利益就可以協助泰國在該區創 造出一個成為全新專業扣件供應國的優勢地位，這將可以改善其 出口扣件的平均價格水平。
馬來西亞 馬來西亞的外貿主要就是跟RCEP的成員國進行，所以這項 協定絕對可以幫助馬來西亞扣件製造商和消費者與其夥伴建立 起更緊密的關係。這些夥伴也可以以合理的訂價提供更高品質的 原料。該國的扣件進出口值為6.932億美元(3.95億美元來自進口
030
菲律賓 菲律賓扣件產業的貿易金額並不高，不過它是東盟 區域中唯一出現扣件貿易順差的國家。其扣件進出口值 為3.094億美元(1.445億美元來自進口扣件，1.649億美元 來自出口扣件。扣件進出口之間(出口值相較於進口值)為 2,050萬美元的順差。
東盟整體與結語 東盟在全球出口扣件中佔了5%比例，進口扣件則佔 了7.5%的比例。該區整體扣件進出口數據顯示如下: 整體扣件進出口值為50.616億美元(32.032億美元來 自進口扣件，18.584億美元來自出口扣件。扣件進出口之 間的平衡(出口值相較於進口值)為-13.448億美元的逆差。 RCEP可能可以幫助該區域改善其出口值，因為要讓 國家賺大錢的唯一方式就是走進國際市場。這項協定是 讓扣件製造商踏入無市場邊界限制的全新機會。協定的 名字本身也暗示著這個問題的解決方式。沒有扣件製造 商可以在有市場界線限制下還能賺大錢，除非他們可以 排除市場界線並把品牌行銷至全球。RCEP涵蓋了全球 30%的總產能，這對東盟扣件製造商來說將是接下來走 向全球的絕佳試煉。
公司報導
耀升達五金
高品質冷鐓模具開發製作 文/ 惠達副總編輯 張剛豪
耀升達趙守澤總經理表示 : 「給客戶創造價值，給企業創造價 值，給員工創造價值，堅持品質，以服務不斷地完善改善持續成長， 是我們一貫的經營理念。」
引進國外材料 ISO9001:2015認證 對品質從不妥協的耀升達團隊，製作材料主要選用高硬度碳化 鎢鋼，也根據不同客戶需求從德國引進最適合的特殊鋼料製作。同 時，為了達到高度自動化、可控化、高精度，多年前就陸續引進多套先 進的進口設備，有Okuma數控車、日本牧野Makino鏡面放電機(型號 EDGE3)、日本沙迪克Sodick線割機、臺灣僑佳內徑研磨機…等眾多 高精密設備100餘台。原本分開運作的工廠，也已經在近期加以整合， 讓生產效率給客戶提供更加優質的服務。持續在品質層面的精進和 心力投入，讓耀升達成功獲得ISO9001:2015品質體系認證。
模具壽命提升3至5倍 延伸開發 冷鐓零部件 耀升達在冷鐓件模具的開發生產領域已是眾所皆 知的資深老手，相較於其他同業，其供應的模具壽命可 高出約3至5倍，不僅可協助客戶降低製造成本，也能穩 定產品品質降低管理成本。近幾年更憑藉其20多年的 模具開發經驗，延伸至冷鐓零部件的生產開發。公司同 步訂購了冷鐓設備協助客戶開發冷鐓零部件、非標件產 品，有不銹鋼鉚螺母、焊接螺母、汽車輪轂螺母、輪胎 螺母、不銹鋼各類螺母等機車用緊固件皆能供應。並持 續與許多整車廠家進行配合，在歐美亞和中東市場都 贏得不錯的好口碑。
ADVANCE QUALITY SERVICE • CO-WIN 高品質服務 創造雙贏 www.cz-ysd.com Email: yongtuo_888@126.com
文/ 惠達副總編輯 張剛豪
IATF 16949認證
睿博五金 積極踏入車用領域 常州市睿博五金科技有限公司2019年年底取得IATF 16949品質系統管理認 證。繼先前取得ISO 9001:2015認證後，其就在產品品質和製程管理的腳步 不斷精進，屢屢獲得業界肯定。 作為鐵道、汽車、軍工、紡織機、電氣、機械設備、航太、礦產機械、高壓電氣等領域 中小企業的產品供應商，睿博合作客戶主要來自中國、歐洲、美國、日本、印度、東 南亞等市場，主力開發生產環槽鉚釘、不銹鋼鑄件、冷鐓機械加工件、衝壓件、焊 接件、CNC機械零件、非標異性件等各式客製化緊固產品方案。其中的機械加工 件以及不鏽鋼鑄件則是主要針對汽車車架、座椅、發動機部位等車用領域所開發， 目前已經成功獲得通用、福特等歐美汽車大廠採用，也有間接供應現階段相當火 熱的電動車市場。另一款專為重工業客戶需求所開發的8.8級高強度防鬆鎖緊件， 其鎖固後高穩定不鬆動的特性，更曾被客戶讚譽為「永不鬆動的緊固件」。
8.8級高強度防鬆鎖緊件 高抗震、剪切及抗拉力 在具備完整產品知識的團隊努力下，睿博在研發的實力不容小覷。先前開發出的 8.8級高強度防鬆鎖緊件廣泛被運用於需要高強度緊固產品加以輔助的應用環境， 例如: 鐵道、車輛、礦山機具、建築鋼構、橋樑…等。主要用於汽車結構的連接，不 僅可去除應力，鎖固上也相當牢固。在實際應用上已經被全球許多使用者證實可 以快速達成有效及安全的鉚接安裝，其卓越的抗震、剪切和抗拉性能更是令人刮 目相看。 睿博五金聯絡人: Nancy
耀升達聯絡人: 趙守澤 總經理 微信: +86 18018236888
PPAP3級嚴格檢驗 產線設備完備 產品品質、客戶滿意和誠信企業是睿博五金 成立多年來嚴格奉行的經營準則。為了讓產 品品質臻於完美，工廠持續引進各項最新的 多工位冷鐓機、搓絲機、數字車床、磨床、 銑床、線切割、搖臂鑽、自動焊接機等精密 CNC 機加工設備，由資深技術管理人員監 督製程細節操作，再透過廠內專業檢測中心 的把關，對產品機械性能做最嚴格的檢測， 確保每件從睿博出廠的產品都符合國際標 準和客戶的嚴格要求。整段從進料到出貨的 無縫整合以及紮實管理，讓其與全球多家 企業建構起穩定和長期的夥伴合作關係。 睿博五金劉善春總經理表示: 「公司成立以 來一直都以客戶的品質標準為目標，堅持優 化生產工藝以及提供客戶穩健品質的服務。 希望能透過品質第一、服務優先和可靠穩定 的交貨及售後服務來全方位滿足客戶需求。 也正因如此，過去11年來我們跟美國鐵路機 車的合作幾乎是零客訴。未來我們更要積極 提升自我核心競爭能力，追求更優質高效的 裝運服務。另外，也希望能進一步深耕新能 源車領域和不鏽鋼鑄件開發。在嶄新的2021 年持續與全球客戶配合，在高附加價值產品 的開發上一起成長茁壯」。
Email: sales@ruibotechnology.com
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
武進區洛陽耀升達五金製品廠以各種材質冷鐓模具、螺栓模 具、螺帽模具和非標冷鐓緊固件模具製作、碳化鎢鋼和特殊模具的 設計、開發生產為主要服務項目。其穩定耐用的冷鐓模具20多年來 為耀升達在國際市場塑造堅不可摧的高品質形象，並持續累積不少 忠實客戶，不斷突破國際市場的佔有率。
特別報導
新品大道
整理/惠達編輯部
1. M8擴孔螺絲耐7級強震
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萊特利擁有台灣、大陸、日本、德國等專利，其研發的旋進式 M8背栓（擴孔螺絲）能讓石材緊密接合，且施工時不需敲打撞 擊，並可重覆使用，因此施工簡便、價格親民。據台灣地震工程中 心7級地震檢測，數據均顯示萊特利M8背擴孔螺絲無產生變形、 鬆脫，石材也無發生龜裂及損壞情形。經SGS拉拔測試，承受力 高達1600kgf，同時符合中國國家標準B/T32839-2016規範。
2. No Break抗裂木螺絲 No Break螺絲的前端包括了切割刃部位可以割開木材防止 木裂，以及螺紋部位可以增加螺絲的推進力。因此能實現以下3 個優點：
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1. 鑽入木材的頭部或尾部，木材不會開裂。 2. 鑽入的過程中就算遇到木材的節點也不會停下來。 3. 不需順著木材的年輪就可直接鑽入。
3. 防盜螺絲
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英國TR近期推出一款全新防盜螺絲，可以協助企業降低被 竊而衍生的經常性開支成本。這項創新的TR Fastenings五瓣式 插銷螺絲是首款用抗腐蝕A4-70不鏽鋼所製成的完整防盜螺絲 系列，其不易起化學反應的特性可以完美地被應用在戶外，尤其 是海上和醫療健康領域。這款扣件分成五區的螺絲頭部，意謂 它只可以透過特殊工具取下，並避免被投機罪犯取下。使用抗腐 蝕A4-70不鏽鋼製成的扣件接觸到鹽水或其他會對鋼材產生影 響的化學品時不會發生降解。高等級材料的耐用度意謂零組件 無須時常更換。 這款五瓣式插銷螺絲屬於2級強化防盜產品。A4-70不鏽鋼 是高拉力強度不鏽鋼，具備優異的抗腐蝕能力，很適合內部和外 部應用。它被用於醫療外科器具的生產以及很重視清潔的製藥 產業- 鉬成分的添加提供更好的抗腐蝕能力。這種組成成分意 謂它非常適合使用在海上環境。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
4. M-Grip™ T304不鏽鋼防鬆螺栓系統 為了提升產業標準而持續努力下，Goebel Fasteners近期開 發出全新專利由T304不銹鋼材料所製成的多重抓力防鬆螺栓 系統。這對於需要較大範圍抓力的應用環境非常有利。Goebel M-Grip™提供市場上全新和更高的標準。重要的是，M-Grip的 較大抓力範圍和多種尺寸可以取代多達14種經典6槽式防鬆扣件 系統的尺寸。跟Goebel所有精密扣件一樣，M-Grip™提供頂尖 的產品品質水準和抗震動能力。M-Grip™安裝後可產生相當一 致可靠的安裝數值。
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特別報導
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5. 螺栓鬆脫及防破壞指示劑 車用保養維修化學產品領導創新廠商Permatex近日發表一款專 門設計用來幫助專業技師和DIY用戶…等輕鬆找出已經鬆脫或被破 壞螺帽、螺栓、扣件和組合件的產品。這是一款抗破壞的指示膏劑， 讓使用者可以用眼睛看就能知道完成工序並輕易看出是否有扣件鬆 脫或受損。設計用來形成防破壞的扭力密封層，這款新品為用戶的防 破壞考量提供保障保護。在進行作業時，透過視覺化的指示方式，明 確分出哪一些組件已經完成扭力鎖固，哪一些仍然需被緊固，藉此協 助節省時間。這項產品快速的視覺化標示也幫助加速專業和業餘競 速用環境中的安全檢查作業。
6. 3D檢測機「QV-7108 3D」 日本K&K Engineering Corporation公司開發的最新機種「QV7108 3D」，是日本扣件業首創搭載3D拍照機能的檢測機。在既有的 機種「QV-7108」上方鏡頭加裝的最新照明裝置，會對工件斷續照射 網狀的光，並即時解析反射光，生成3D畫面。工件的凹凸高低差會用 顏色標示出來。透過解析立體的工件形狀，可檢查毛邊或尺寸偏差。 「QV-7108 3D」可檢查最長達公稱直徑M24的螺帽(包括上了油的 螺帽)。M24螺帽每分鐘可檢查100個。它搭載兩個旋轉工作台，中間 有個反轉裝置，可以翻轉螺帽的上下面。
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7. S-Clean表面處理劑
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高耐腐蝕性的鎳基合金是一種難以對其加工或施予表面處理的 材料。日本佐佐木化學藥品公司開發的S-Clean RE-100表面處理劑， 專用來蝕刻英高鎳合金(Inconel)、哈氏合金(Hastelloy)等等高耐腐蝕 性的鎳基合金。該劑可對鎳基合金製的零件(包括扣件)去除毛邊或進 行蝕刻。該劑也是其所屬業界中唯一不含有毒之氫氟酸的蝕刻液，可 以縮短加工時間，並降低排水處理的負擔。
8. 可用於螺紋的強力除鏽噴霧瓶 日本Engineer Inc.公司在旗下的「暴龍咬螺紋」工具系列產品中， 新追加噴霧式除鏽噴霧瓶(ZC-28 Rust Remover)，適合大範圍噴灑。 產品特色： 1. 瞬間與鏽屑起反應，可3秒瞬間為極小的零件除鏽。
9. 低成本的螺栓鬆脫檢測技術 日本芝浦工業大學與英國愛丁堡大學的博士研究團隊開 發了一套做法，可用低成本的方式評估螺栓的鬆脫程度。該技 術透過人耳聽不到的超音波震動，量測出螺栓尾部的頻率和 軸力，藉此檢測螺栓的鬆脫。由於不需仰賴檢測人員的技術和 熟練度，所以程序很簡便、成本也降低。此技術也可導入檢測 螺紋鬆脫的機械。
3. 噴灑在零件上的螺絲時，能滲入座面與螺紋之間微小的間隙。 4. 用於汽車、農機具、配管等等各種用途。 China Fastener World no.61/2021
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2. 中性溶劑，安全。
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宇銓新品：A200~600系列DIY雙色手柄膠槍
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產業報導 世界工廠 中國在過去 40 年間躍升成為世界的工廠。這個大躍進始於前總書記鄧小平在1970 年晚期下令進行經濟改革，並首度提出中國自由市場的概念，此舉使他獲得「中國現 代化建設的總設計師」之美稱。 鬆綁了規制，再加上對各國打開了進入全球最多年輕勞動力 市場的大門，都讓中國成為全球製造業最理想的採購對象。低 勞動力成本、強勁的商業生態、無遵循規制、低關稅，以及藉 其地利之便容易進入消費人口速增的東南亞，這些特點使中國 成為全球最有利益價值且生產力最高的商業樞紐之一。它很快 在2011年超越美國，成為世界最大的製造國，帶動中GDP成長 40%，在2018 年佔全球製造業輸出量的近30%。 即使中國的製造在過去20 年稱霸了世界，但如今製造業正 在離開中國，中國製造業成長曲線的頂端轉向始料未及的方向發 展。隨著中國的人口成長以及其存在吸引世界各國的注意，中國的 成品製造成本增加、生產與出貨的速度開始降低。更重要的是，專業 化使得近年勞工薪資升高。 此外，中國製造業與經濟生產力在過去幾年遭受人稱「完美風 暴」的數個事件衝擊。新舊問題的夾攻，例如中美貿易戰、地緣政 治上的緊張情勢、肺炎疫情，都導致製造業離開中國，使該國 的製造霸主地位開始殞落。分析顯示，自第一波懲罰性關稅 實施一來，中國的全球出口額預估減少了50 億美金。
下個世界工廠? 剖析印度扣件產業未來 文/ Shervin Shahidi Hamedani
China Fastener World no.61/2021
下一個世界工廠？ 印度製造業興起，成為該國成長最多的產業之一。印 度可望在2026年成為全球量最大的汽車市場。根據麥肯 錫全球研究院最近的研究，未來五年內企業會把對外採 購份額的四分之一從中國移轉到別國。在此不確定的貿易 環境下，越來越多國家希望能取代中國成為下一個世界的 製造中樞。問題是，哪個國家會是下一個世界工廠？越南、 泰國、馬來西亞、印尼、新加坡、印度、台灣、南韓、墨西 哥，或者是非洲國家嗎？以越南為例，它是中美貿易戰的一 大受益國，吸收了中國大部分遺失的產能，但這還不是能 成為世界工廠的唯一因素。 為了回答那個問題，首先必須知道，想要擴大製造據 點的企業，它們著眼的標的是什麼？新的市場機會、接近 現有顧客、人才的可取得性、教育訓練設施、業務的被迫停 擺、技術革新，這些都是業主規劃擴大和優化廠房時會著 眼的主要標的。因此，印度和東南亞在地理位置上靠近人 口膨脹的地區，擁有相對較低的薪資，仍舊為想要將製造 環節外包的廠商提供利潤豐厚的商機。
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印度可能取代中國成為世界工廠 印度身為中國的鄰居，是一個全球性的大國，擁有 快速擴大的消費階層和強大的製造業知識背景，它正全 力(重新) 獲得世界出口中樞的地位。中國的世界地位轉 弱，對印度來說是吸引更多投資的絕佳機會，這是因為 印度已有龐大的汽車、食物、服裝製造基地。製藥公司 也正轉向印度製造商，尋求更可靠的生產基地。 最近印度正加足馬力吸引製造業方面的投資到該 國境內。印度總理莫迪新的「印度製造」計畫是有意幫 助印度取代中國成為全球的製造業中樞。這項計畫的根 本，包括吸引全球的智慧手機巨頭們在印度當地製造產 品。印度北方邦的人口和巴西一樣多，已形成了一群經濟 上的專業人力來邀請想要離開中國的製造商。該邦的占 地面積是盧森堡的兩倍。即使有這些機會和計畫，印度 仍因為其嚴格的法規環境和限制而受到批評。
技術論壇 產業報導 印度緊固件 亞太地區多年來一直是全球皆知的最大級工業用緊固件市場，佔了全球緊固件產量的一大份 額。此成長的主因，更精確來說，印度緊固件市場的成長是歸因於幾項建設計畫以及增長的汽車製 造業。 由於緊固件多方運用在多元的產業，所以有很多種類的緊固件有在印度生產，包括排氣螺 栓、平衡輪螺栓、標準六角螺絲螺栓、凹頭帶帽螺絲、凹頭肩螺絲、鍛造螺母、方螺母、六角螺母、 自攻螺絲等等。莫迪的「印度製造」計畫使印度的製造業可望在新的未來為工業用緊固件市場 帶來巨大的需求。印度工業用緊固件市場價值可望在2023年達到63億美金。 印度汽車業可望成為工業用緊固件的最大消費產業，將在2023年佔據一大市場份額，其 原因是屆時印度的汽車製造量會增加。印度汽車銷售的增長會大幅帶動該國汽車售後市場的 成長，其中也包括專用於汽車業的緊固件。未來會用到緊固件的汽車零件，包括引擎、車底盤、車 殼、懸吊系統、輪胎等等，會繼建築市場與工程市場之後，帶動印度工業用緊固件市場的成長。 高張力緊固件主要用於建築和工程產業、而低碳鋼製的緊固件適用於汽車製造。目前業界是 轉而偏好生產不鏽鋼、鐵、黃銅、鋁、鎳、塑膠和複合物製的緊固件，此轉向也可望持續下去。
資料來源： The Exodus of Chinese Manufacturing: Shutting Down ‘The World’s Factory’, by Forbes Top 5 Countries Poised to Become the World’s Next Manufacturing Hub, by World Finance Coronavirus: Can India replace China as world's factory? by BBC Fastener Market in India, by Fastener Eurasia
或許沒有其他產業會像汽車業一樣經歷這麼動盪的發 展。亨利‧福特的貢獻讓汽車業逐漸從人工生產轉型到 自動化生產。今日的汽車業在許多已發展國家中已是最 重要的工業。斯洛伐克也是同樣的狀況，該國每一千位國 民持有的汽車數量多年來也在世界榜上有名。因此斯洛 伐克也常被稱為歐洲的底特律。
歐洲的底特律― 文/ Jozef Dominik China Fastener World no.61/2021
斯洛伐克
圖1. 斯洛伐克車商
前言 斯洛伐克的主要吸引力在於位處歐洲中心點的戰略位置(如圖1)，它就在克拉科夫與布達佩 斯之間和柏林與莫斯科之間交通要道的交叉點上。此外它還有相對充裕的高技術勞動力和道路、 鐵路等等基礎建設。值得注意的是，斯洛伐克所有車商都位在西北區。 如圖2所示，斯洛伐克約44%的工業產量都是在做汽車。福斯、寶獅、雪鐵龍、起亞汽車都已 在此立足很久，現在還多了捷豹路虎。概觀來看，每年有超過百萬台車在斯洛伐克生產。我們有 足夠的理由關注這個產業。
圖2. 斯洛伐克的工業生產
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技術論壇
汽車組裝 汽車生產的特點包括： 1. 產量高 2. 高度自動化生產 3. 高度要求品質與安全 汽車主要是透過焊接和旋入車用螺絲來組裝，且每台車會 用到2,000種不同的車用螺絲，所以螺絲的使用量很巨大，螺絲 本身必須符合自動化組裝的基本條件。接下來我們把焦點放在 車輛組裝螺絲時的特異性。
圖3. 機械手
如圖3所示，用來組裝螺絲的機械手至少有三個位置點是可以自由轉 動的，而供給零件給機械手抓取時，零件本身有沒有擺正是很重要的。因 為這一點，生產汽車過程中只要是不需要拆卸的節點，大多會採用焊接的 方式來組裝。 但有些情況下，是無法不使用螺絲的。例如引擎、變速箱、車盤、剎 車系統、輪胎和其他組裝的節點都是可拆卸的，才能事後做保修。根據 VDI 2862 「車用緊固件與工具的最低要求」，汽車使用的螺絲有三種(如 圖4)。 其中，A類是最危險的，因為牽涉到車禍事故，也牽涉到組裝輪胎。從 用戶(而非製造商)的觀點來看，輪胎組裝是最危險的操作，因為業餘的用 戶有時被迫要自己裝輪胎，手上也沒有適合的專業工具。統計顯示，車子跑50~100 公里後，車輪螺帽在過程中經過重複的拆卸，最容易鬆脫。因此建議盡快找合格 授權的保修中心來檢查螺帽的緊固扭力。圖5是做事很小心的業餘人士所組裝的 車輪螺帽。斷裂的螺紋顯示螺栓的鎖固扭力太高了，後果當然不難想像。
圖4. 車用螺絲種類
輪胎鬆脫導致車禍的案例，我們已經看得夠多了，但多數駕駛人仍會忽視。車 輪的鬆脫不但會威脅乘客安全，也會威脅到周遭的人事物。 車體的過載也會導致危險。車輛操作員服務管理局檢查發現約有7.5%的卡 車都超載。單車軸或雙車軸的超載會導致車用螺絲變形(如圖7)，讓車碟盤的組裝 孔變位，逐漸讓螺帽鬆脫，且在極端狀況下也會讓輪胎鬆脫。這種應力稱為旋轉 彎折力，它在彈性和強度方面是其中一種最複雜和危險的複合應力。
圖5. 車輪螺栓
唯一有效的做法是嚴格遵守使用製造商規劃的荷 載，並確保荷載有平均地加載。乘客重量可能會大於小客 車上行李箱的重量，但這一點常被忽略。
圖6. 過載
China Fastener World no.61/2021
圖7. 車用螺絲變形
我們要記得，自行換輪胎後如果組裝的方式不對或 過載了車體負荷，車廠是不用負責任的。同樣的，小車修 廠無法對自己影響不到的事物做出負責。然而，駕訓班應 至少在授課內容中特別注重車輪的組裝。原因很簡單， 這是駕駛人有時必須做的常見操作。這種教育訓練會讓我們學到摩擦力在鎖固 作業中的重要性，而無關乎鎖固上的螺絲是油的、乾的、新的或舊的。圖8是車用 螺絲和螺帽表面狀態的影響。 所以把車輪的組裝交由專業車修廠來做是很重要的，車修廠不只掌握車輪 組裝的理論和實務，也擁有專業工具。
總結 全球的汽車數量和車禍數量都在增加。統計顯示，車禍的起因不只是不遵 守交通規則，另一個重要的原因是車體的狀態。 圖8. 車用螺絲和螺帽表面狀態的影響
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產業報導
美國扣件進口及 文/ Sabrina Rodriguez
對汽車產業影響分析 文 / Sabrina Rodriguez
有關本文的數據資料：本文的數據取自美國普查局貿易統計。美國進出口貿易統計取自所有形 式的運輸。進口金額以到岸價(美金)計。本文的扣件定義是海關編碼HS7318下的所有產品(鋼鐵製 螺絲、螺栓、螺帽、木螺絲、鉚釘、開口銷、墊片與類似產品)、HS7318110000下的所有產品(鋼鐵製含 螺紋的馬車螺絲)，以及HS7616101000的所有產品 (鋁製圖釘和U形釘)。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
本文分析美國的扣件進口以及對 汽車製造商帶來的衝擊。美國汽車製 造商對輕量化扣件的需求是否已有增 長？美國扣件進口是否有出現任何顯 著的趨勢動向？
表一. 2017-2019年7318項目進口 2017 進口來源
到岸價格總額 (美金)
台灣
1,695,177,002
去年初爆發的新冠肺炎讓全球貿易 急轉直下。數個月來世界各國感受到了衝 擊，其他國家仍持續面對充滿挑戰的疫情 餘波。美國是世界上最大的消費者市場和 進口國之一。2020上半年，在疫情導致進 口下跌的情況下，美國進口價值超過1兆 美元的商品。其中一個規模較大且持續採 購零件的美國市場是汽車業，汽車業在美 國中西部多處仍設有大型製造組裝廠。(除 了部分都會城市之外)美國的大型公共運 輸尚未有所進展，美國運輸部尚未決議是 否投資產製高速列車，因此美國人仍為生 活所需繼續購買車輛。
美國的扣件進口： 扣件的需求浮現明顯趨勢
進口來源
到岸價格總額 (美金)
台灣 中國
美國的扣件需求在數個產業中都能 看到 ， 其 中 最明 顯的需 求產業 是汽車 業。數年來扣件的進口態勢都很一致， 且許多國家都增加對美出口扣件。但中 國除外，分析顯示美國對中國鋼製品課 徵關稅後，美國自中國進口扣件的量下 跌了。其他國家，例如台灣、日本和德 國對美國出口的量繼續增加，提升了對 美國的扣件年出口量。 2020上半年(表二)，美國的扣件進口 量比去年同期下降16.8%。從中國進口的 量下跌30.3%、從印度則是下跌33.3%，從
040
2018 %
到岸價格總額 (美金)
32.80
1,935,363,130
2019 %
到岸價格總額 (美金)
%
32.10
2,017,113,212
34.53
中國
1,229,973,800
23.80
1,630,859,894
27.05
1,207,846,153
20.68
日本
648,194,818
12.55
644,506,115
10.69
648,298,263
11.10
德國
297,601,078
5.76
344,921,221
5.73
381,542,652
6.54
加拿大
277,584,037
5.38
313,533,514
5.21
315,553,400
5.41
韓國
188,722,047
3.66
198,057,295
3.29
197,953,133
3.39
義大利
139,830,777
2.71
161,124,929
2.68
150,498,031
2.58
墨西哥
110,837,933
2.15
121,771,895
2.02
132,206,656
2.27
印度
99,159,729
1.92
124,494,325
2.07
155,067,539
2.66
法國
88,195,580
1.71
87,583,105
1.46
89,293,822
1.53
總和
5,168,791,299
100.00
6,029,489,521
100.00
5,841,885,221
100.00
表二. 2019上半及2020上半7318項目進口 2019上半年
2020上半年
增減 %
到岸價格總額 (美金)
%
912,146,687
36.20
-143,191,962
-13.57
452,473,142
17.96
-197,385,280
-30.38
%
到岸價格總額 (美金)
1,055,338,649
34.83
649,858,422
21.45
日本
325,670,729
10.75
267,600,275
10.62
-58,070,454
-17.84
德國
190,532,141
6.29
180,746,644
7.18
-9,785,497
-5.14
加拿大
169,723,769
5.60
128,257,854
5.09
-41,465,915
-24.44
韓國
98,379,148
3.25
91,755,761
3.65
-6,623,387
-6.74
印度
78,792,238
2.60
52,546,697
2.09
-26,245,541
-33.31
義大利
78,084,788
2.58
68,748,155
2.73
-9,336,633
-11.96
墨西哥
66,344,872
2.19
56,081,818
2.23
-10,263,054
-15.47
泰國
47,488,829
1.57
43,347,509
1.72
-4,141,320
-8.73
總和
3,030,833,645
100.00
2,520,267,702
100.00
-510,565,943
-16.85
產業報導
扣 件業皆知的其中一項 扣 件 子 類別是海關編號7318110000(表三)。 2020年第一季該類別的進口量比起去 年同期下滑18.2%。泰國的出口增加了 82.2%，加拿大增加72.7%，但其他國 家的出口都大幅減少。中國等等其他 國家的數據顯示出口量減少16.1%，德 國則下跌91.9%。 另一個扣件的子類別是海關編號 7616101000(表四)，同樣在2020上半 年的對美輸出量降低。2019上半年， 希臘是對美的第三大扣件出口國，佔 全球對美出口的11.8%，但在2020上半 年下跌98.5%。2019上半年，中國是對 美的第一大出口國，但在2020上半年 下跌28.1%。南韓則在2020上半年增 加49.8%、德國增加54.3%、台灣增加 15.1%。總體來說，這些扣件進口到美 國的量在2020上半年下跌了25.4%。
美國三大車廠與 其他汽車製造商 福特汽車報告顯示銷量在2020年 第二季下跌33%，接著在第三季急遽 回升。同樣地克萊斯勒銷量在2020年 第二季重跌了39%。克萊斯勒與福特 類似，都是美系車廠。克萊斯勒因為和 飛雅特重組，在過去數年名氣大增。通 用汽車的銷售雖然在2020年第二季下 降34%，但已證明自己比同業競爭對手 更具科技創新。通用汽車使用3D列印 製造面罩和呼吸器，同時也將3D列印 應用在汽車零件和組裝工具。 豐田汽車北美分支自早 在2 0 2 0 年3月就發生銷售比2 019 年3月減少 36.9%的狀況。但另一方面，豐田汽車 的油電車銷售在20 20年第一季增加 58%。現代與本田汽車銷售也出現下 滑，特別是在2020年第二季美國實施 封城的時候。 美國的主要汽車製造商透過推出 新車款，正在打入電動車市場。這甚至 會讓人聯想美國汽車業者是不是在與 一手攪亂汽車業、透過再生資源持續 創新的特斯拉持續競爭。特斯拉的最 新車款證明電動車不僅能給人一種駕
表三. 2019上半及2020上半7318110000項目進口 2019上半年 進口來源
到岸價格總額 (美金)
中國
2020上半年
增減 %
到岸價格總額 (美金)
%
6,127,267
66.31
-1,183,410
-16.19
19.01
1,924,189
20.83
-222,966
-10.39
4.93
44,940
0.49
-511,902
-91.93
%
到岸價格總額 (美金)
7,310,677
64.72
台灣
2,147,155
德國
556,842
泰國
540,386
4.79
984,861
10.66
444,475
82.26
越南
384,039
3.40
0
0.00
-384,039
-100.00
捷克
120,000
1.07
0
0.00
-120,000
-100.00
英國
110,809
0.99
13,553
0.15
-97,256
-87.77
韓國
56,347
0.50
5,507
0.06
-50,840
-90.23
瑞典
30,216
0.27
0
0.00
-30,216
-100.00
加拿大
12,416
0.11
21,464
0.24
9,048
72.88
11,296,744
100.00
9,241,329
100.00
-2,055,415
-18.20
總和
表四. 2019上半及2020上半7616101000項目進口 2019上半年 進口來源
到岸價格總額 (美金)
2020上半年 %
到岸價格總額 (美金)
增減 %
到岸價格總額 (美金)
%
中國
312,057
23.58
224,209
22.73
-87,848
-28.16
台灣
273,968
20.70
315,411
31.97
41,443
15.13
希臘
156,866
11.85
2,217
0.23
-154,649
-98.59
韓國
98,036
7.41
146,893
14.89
48,857
49.84
加拿大
90,368
6.83
98,890
10.03
8,522
9.44
馬來西亞
76,992
5.82
0
0.00
-76,992
-100.00
保加利亞
65,972
4.99
0
0.00
-65,972
-100.00
英國
39,331
2.98
0
0.00
-39,331
-100.00
哥倫比亞
32,294
2.44
0
0.00
-32,294
-100.00
德國
28,626
2.17
44,183
4.48
15,557
54.35
總和
1,323,821
100.00
986,673
100.00
-337,148
-25.47
駛豪華車的感覺，也能非常受人喜愛。2020年7月，特斯拉Model 3佔了電動車 總銷售的14%。福斯和賓士汽車也領銜電動車產業，在今年各自佔電動車總銷 售的6%左右。油電混合車與電動車的產銷需求開始上升，這並不令人意外，尤 其因為現在大眾對再生資源更有興趣且較少保修車輛。美國正往電動車發展， 是因為考量到氣候變遷的可怕後果，而且美國大眾自覺有責任做出有利發展 乾淨能源的決定。
展望美國扣件進口與汽車工業 2020上半年，因為疫情的衝擊以及對商品的需求，美國自中國進口扣件的 量減少30%。美國正進入所謂的第二波疫情，這可能大幅衝擊經濟。由於失業 率高且整體經濟不穩定，美國人推遲了購買新車等等的奢侈消費。美國新總 統上任的第一項課題可能就是重新談判對中國課徵的關稅，但我們也可能在 2021年看到中美貿易戰持續。一切都很難預測，但有件事是很確定的：美國車 廠正持續大量生產，而且從海外製造商進口車用零件的市場需求也會持續。
041
China Fastener World no.61/2021
加拿大則是下跌24.4%。自泰國、南韓 和德國進口的量也下降，但幅度沒這 麼驚人。
產業報導
美國與土耳其扣件貿易分析 文/ Sabrina Rodriguez
本文將分析美國與土耳其之間扣件貿 易。美國從土耳其進口的扣件有增加嗎? 美國出口多少扣件至土耳其? 哪些美國企 業佔了與土耳其扣件貿易的比重較多? 備註: 本文擷取數據來自美國統計局。 數值以美元到岸價格(進口)計算。本文提 及的扣件項目包括所有海關編碼為7318 的鋼 鐵 螺 絲、螺栓、螺帽、馬車螺 絲、拉 釘、銷、開口銷、墊片和其他類似部件及 7318的子項目。
談到美國主要貿易夥伴，最先想到的應該就是中國和東南亞，但數據顯示很多 其他國家也跟美國有扣件貿易往來。在這些國家中就包括了位處地中海且與很多中 東國家交界的亞洲國家土耳其。在2019年，美國從土耳其進口了價值21,569,175美元 的扣件，為美國第18大進口貿易夥伴。土耳其則僅佔2019年美國所有進口扣件總值的 0.37%。同樣地，美國也出口扣件，且在2019年美國出口總值30,408,604美元的扣件，土 耳其為其第16大扣件買家，佔美國所有扣件出口總值的0.69%。 雖然土耳其對美國來說是相對較小的貿易夥伴，但有很多知名企業都有向土耳其 採購扣件。這些從土耳其進口最多扣件的美國企業中有Norm Fasteners、Tesla Motors 和Livingston International。跟許多美國企業一樣，過去幾年因為貿易戰和關稅增加的 原因導致從中國的商品採購陷入混亂。有可能先前從中國採購商品的這些美企必須要 從其他他們可以支付較少稅賦的國家尋找供應商。在土耳其，主要出口扣件至美國的企 業包含Norm Civata San Tic、Pergamon Status Di Tcaret和Taskazan Somun Civata。
美國從土耳其進口 美國從土耳其的扣件進口總值從2016年的10,778,560美元，之後年年成長並在2019年達到21,568,175美元。在這些子項目中同 期增加最多的是731815和731829。在2020年前10個月，731815的項目相較於2019年的10,442,701美元達到 12,688,092美元。731816 的項目自2016年起持續增加，2018年增加最多，從2017年的1,737,194美元增加至 3,179,896美元。其他扣件子項目進口在過去幾年則 減少，變化比其他子項目不穩定。總年度增減斷斷續續。 美國進口 2016-2019
China Fastener World no.61/2021
進口來源
2016 美元
%
台灣
1,512,763,809
31.62
中國
1,089,267,219
日本
645,603,874
2017 公斤
%
美元
%
2018 公斤
%
美元
%
544,975,268
36.03 1,695,177,002
32.80
572,892,820
37.05 1,935,363,130
32.10
22.77
552,585,092
36.53 1,229,973,800
37.37 1,630,859,894
13.50
136,998,245
9.06
23.80
577,920,267
648,194,818 12.55
96,792,773
6.26
2019 公斤
%
美元
%
642,108,310
36.03 2,017,113,212
34.53
27.05
703,375,316
39.46 1,207,846,153
644,506,115 10.69
101,606,714
公斤
%
647,320,640
39.50
20.68
516,843,311
31.54
5.71
648,298,263
11.10
100,429,867
6.13
德國
304,531,405
6.37
37,775,762
2.50
297,601,078
5.76
34,902,355
2.26
344,921,221
5.73
32,657,036
1.84
381,542,652
6.54
46,957,565
2.87
加拿大
263,340,402
5.51
58,970,087
3.90
277,584,037
5.38
66,367,145
4.30
313,533,514
5.21
76,422,263
4.29
315,553,400
5.41
73,544,433
4.49
南韓
220,695,373
4.62
45,536,620
3.01
188,722,047
3.66
42,404,509
2.75
198,057,295
3.29
45,024,072
2.53
197,953,133
3.39
43,288,996
2.65
墨西哥
105,183,837
2.20
12,552,726
0.83
110,837,933
2.15
12,593,742
0.82
121,771,895
2.02
13,636,933
0.77
132,206,656
2.27
12,899,674
0.79
義大利
103,507,730
2.17
15,010,621
1.00
139,830,777
2.71
20,744,214
1.35
161,124,929
2.68
22,662,888
1.28
150,498,031
2.58
19,697,076
1.21
印度
94,439,645
1.98
46,518,739
3.08
99,159,729
1.92
49,848,457
3.23
124,494,325
2.07
54,607,876
3.07
155,067,539
2.66
61,184,524
3.74
法國
83,194,275
1.74
3,622,410
0.24
88,195,580
1.71
4,399,425
0.29
87,583,105
1.46
4,368,457
0.25
89,293,822
1.53
3,372,924
0.21
英國
63,050,998
1.32
3,148,364
0.21
65,177,138
1.27
3,830,219
0.25
81,459,330
1.36
4,099,660
0.23
89,547,877
1.54
5,784,994
0.36 1.86
泰國
55,253,123
1.16
22,327,066
1.48
64,834,787
1.26
24,160,324
1.57
84,438,487
1.41
28,596,628
1.61
88,549,925
1.52
30,462,423
瑞士
30,316,776
0.64
1,050,951
0.07
34,541,920
0.67
1,532,972
0.10
33,629,670
0.56
1,265,788
0.08
32,178,307
0.56
2,456,966
0.15
西班牙
22,526,535
0.48
2,987,871
0.20
18,788,155
0.37
1,923,122
0.13
20,661,358
0.35
2,898,303
0.17
28,863,974
0.50
3,689,273
0.23 0.13
瑞典
17,418,991
0.37
1,359,095
0.09
19,773,650
0.39
1,722,760
0.12
23,747,818
0.40
2,329,453
0.14
27,416,741
0.47
2,007,121
越南
16,366,298
0.35
7,741,855
0.52
25,133,552
0.49
10,430,327
0.68
31,008,738
0.52
22,914,488
1.29
67,618,847
1.16
34,435,183
2.11
荷蘭
11,920,220
0.25
1,349,725
0.09
13,289,395
0.26
1,905,159
0.13
13,059,102
0.22
937,895
0.06
14,493,796
0.25
1,505,760
0.10 0.12
捷克
11,874,307
0.25
1,180,848
0.08
13,284,723
0.26
1,591,710
0.11
15,682,317
0.27
1,500,867
0.09
17,009,804
0.30
1,831,772
列支敦斯登
11,308,143
0.24
1,663,662
0.11
10,836,125
0.21
1,451,596
0.10
11,169,713
0.19
1,193,420
0.07
15,222,401
0.27
1,626,967
0.10
挪威
11,191,675
0.24
1,036,765
0.07
4,102,565
0.08
650,751
0.05
4,269,514
0.08
582,967
0.04
10,249,657
0.18
639,656
0.04
土耳其
10,778,560
0.23
883,127
0.06
12,573,307
0.25
1,066,591
0.07
18,237,064
0.31
2,119,310
0.12
21,568,175
0.37
2,891,546
0.18
總計
042
4,785,685,901 100.00 1,512,964,397 100.00 5,168,791,299 100.00 1,546,678,148 100.00 6,029,489,521 100.00 1,782,518,912 100.00 5,841,885,221 100.00 1,638,796,650 100.00
產業報導
如同所預測的，2 0 2 0 年前 10 個月美國貿易活動受 到新冠疫情影響，很多從土耳其進口的扣件子 項目下滑非常明顯。不過相較於2019 年前10 個月，2020 年前10 個月整體扣件進口增加17%。除了在2020 年增加45%的731815子項目， 731819子項目在2020年則增加最多增幅48%。 美國從土耳其進口 2016-2019 731815 - 不論有無螺帽墊片之鋼鐵螺紋螺絲螺栓 731829 -其他無螺紋鋼鐵部件(扣件) 731816 - 鋼鐵螺紋螺帽 731812 - 除馬車螺絲外之鋼鐵螺紋木螺絲 產品代碼 (6碼)
美元
731815
2016 %
3,759,890 34.89
731822 - 除防鬆墊片外之鋼鐵墊片 731821 - 鋼鐵彈簧墊片和其他防鬆墊片 731824 - 鋼鐵銷及開口銷 731819 - 其他鋼鐵螺紋部件
%
公斤 373,373
2017 %
美元
42.28
4,617,292
36.73
731814 - 鋼鐵螺紋自攻螺絲 731823 - 鋼鐵拉釘 731813 - 鋼鐵螺紋螺絲鉤和螺絲環
%
公斤 508,343
47.67
美元
2018 %
7,687,741
42.16
%
公斤 1,053,036
49.69
美元 10,442,701
2019 % 48.42
%
公斤 1,869,252
64.65
731829
2,313,048
21.46
26,826
3.04
2,481,752
19.74
14,103
1.33
3,533,092
19.38
173,114
8.17
5,159,274
23.93
226,707
7.85
731816
1,351,654.00
12.55
61,811
7.00
1,737,194
13.82
105,728
9.92
3,179,896
17.44
481,684 22.73
3,811,528
17.68
628,066
21.73
311,540 35.28
267,568 25.09
731812
1,102,610.00
10.23
905,460
7.21
1,005,753
5.52
279,234
13.18
445,183
2.07
91,617
3.17
731822
980,093.00
9.10
47,441
5.38
676,355
5.38
32,035
3.01
578,912
3.18
27,460
1.30
721,974
3.35
47,113
1.63 0.31
731821
489,585.00
4.55
21,804
2.47
1,639,253
13.04
64,252
6.03
1,879,880
10.31
79,542
3.76
471,227
2.19
8,888
731824
451,288.00
4.19
1,311
0.15
200,494
1.60
13,385
1.26
120,385
0.67
14,945
0.71
82,603
0.39
3,447
0.12
731819
215,347.00
2.00
26,208
2.97
176,991
1.41
45,626
4.28
163,166
0.90
1,893
0.09
301,006
1.40
5,553
0.20
731814
95,630.00
0.89
12,742
1.45
111,397
0.89
15,086
1.42
76,787
0.43
7,775
0.37
120,421
0.56
10,467
0.37
731823
11,517.00
0.11
45
0.01
17,583
0.14
327
0.04
7,040
0.04
500
0.03
7,874
0.04
317
0.02
731813
7,898.00
0.08
26
0.01
9,536
0.08
138
0.02
4,412
0.03
127
0.01
4,384
0.03
119
0.01
總計
10,778,560.00 100.00
883,127 100.00
12,573,307 100.00 1,066,591 100.00
18,237,064 100.00
2,119,310 100.00
21,568,175 100.00 2,891,546 100.00
美國進口 2019 vs 2020 美元
%
01/01/2020 - 10/30/2020
公斤
%
台灣
1,730,195,612 34.67
554,900,849
39.60
中國
1,045,570,878 20.95
445,675,146
31.80
84,386,825
6.03
日本
547,735,693
10.98
美元 1,549,273,217
%
公斤
前期比 %
美元
%
(180,922,395) -10.46
公斤 (50,086,288)
%
36.93
504,814,561
40.88
-9.03
754,898,482
18.00
350,130,294
28.36
(290,672,396) -27.81
(95,544,852) -21.44
421,231,244
10.05
65,463,599
5.31
(126,504,449) -23.10
(18,923,226) -22.43
德國
322,444,156
6.47
39,691,640
2.84
290,569,969
6.93
35,366,467
2.87
(31,874,187)
-9.89
(4,325,173) -10.90
加拿大
270,597,626
5.43
63,316,565
4.52
217,952,379
5.20
45,153,937
3.66
(52,645,247) -19.46
(18,162,628) -28.69
南韓
167,068,005
3.35
35,832,214
2.56
148,087,118
3.53
53,111,234
4.31
(18,980,887) -11.37
17,279,020 48.23
印度
132,575,433
2.66
52,414,943
3.74
93,923,087
2.24
45,600,451
3.70
(38,652,346) -29.16
(6,814,492) -13.01 (2,968,312) -17.77
義大利
127,165,643
2.55
16,707,893
1.20
116,687,040
2.79
13,739,581
1.12
(10,478,603)
墨西哥
113,047,338
2.27
10,881,127
0.78
95,578,556
2.28
11,396,506
0.93
(17,468,782) -15.46
515,379
4.74
泰國
75,336,981
1.51
25,846,628
1.85
67,571,140
1.62
24,116,886
1.96
(7,765,841) -10.31
(1,729,742)
-6.70
英國
74,742,510
1.50
4,844,421
0.35
72,160,376
1.73
5,459,409
0.45
614,988
12.70
法國
74,155,091
1.49
2,953,452
0.22
61,362,846
1.47
2,084,472
0.17
越南
58,150,750
1.17
29,450,398
2.11
62,471,349
1.49
34,342,589
2.79
瑞士
27,404,433
0.55
1,244,475
0.09
24,477,945
0.59
1,055,806
0.09
西班牙
24,689,590
0.50
3,190,973
0.23
28,120,639
0.68
3,721,231
0.31
馬來西亞
20,443,167
0.41
7,179,147
0.52
15,337,311
0.37
7,150,375
瑞典
20,128,526
0.41
1,694,983
0.13
15,197,660
0.37
土耳其
18,584,902
0.38
2,478,835
0.18
21,883,079
0.53
總計
4,990,864,166 100.00
1,401,592,330 100.00
4,195,245,847 100.00
(2,582,134)
-8.25
-3.46
(12,792,245) -17.26 4,320,599
(868,980) -29.43
7.43
4,892,191 16.62
(2,926,488) -10.68
(188,669) -15.17
13.90
530,258
16.62
0.58
(5,105,856) -24.98
(28,772)
-0.41
900,002
0.08
(4,930,866) -24.50
3,167,036
0.26
1,234,883,070 100.00
3,431,049
3,298,177
(794,981) -46.91
17.75
688,201 27.77
(795,618,319) -15.95
(166,709,260) -11.90
043
China Fastener World no.61/2021
進口來源
01/01/2019 - 10/31/2019
產業報導
美國從土耳其進口 2019 vs 2020 731815 - 不論有無螺帽或墊片之鋼鐵螺紋螺絲螺栓 731829 - 其他鋼鐵無螺紋部件(扣件) 731816 - 鋼鐵螺紋螺帽 731822 - 除防鬆墊片外之鋼鐵墊片
731812 - 除馬車螺絲外之鋼鐵螺紋木螺絲 731821 - 除防鬆墊片外之鋼鐵彈簧墊片 731819 - 其他鋼鐵螺紋部件 731814 - 鋼鐵螺紋自攻螺絲
01/01/2019 - 10/31/2019
產品代碼(6碼)
美元
%
731815
8,733,021
46.99
731829
4,763,584
731824 - 鋼鐵銷及開口銷 731823 - 鋼鐵拉釘 731813 - 鋼鐵螺紋螺絲鉤和螺絲環
01/01/2020 - 10/30/2020
前期比
%
美元
%
公斤
%
1,580,176
63.75
12,688,092
57.99
2,240,659
70.75
3,955,071
45.29
660,483
41.80
25.64
217,975
8.80
4,057,799
18.55
50,310
1.59
(705,785)
-14.82
(167,665)
-76.92
公斤
%
美元
%
公斤
731816
3,183,189
17.13
521,647
21.05
3,921,586
17.93
835,380
26.38
738,397
23.20
313,733
60.15
731822
639,474
3.45
43,131
1.74
325,326
1.49
13,191
0.42
(314,148)
-49.13
(29,940)
-69.42
731812
445,183
2.40
91,617
3.70
0
0.00
0
0.00
(445,183) -100.00
731821
379,831
2.05
7,273
0.30
246,469
1.13
1,408
0.05
(133,362)
-35.12
(5,865)
731819
266,030
1.44
5,324
0.22
394,660
1.81
5,583
0.18
128,630
48.36
259
4.87
731814
96,110
0.52
8,438
0.35
134,932
0.62
10,809
0.35
38,822
40.40
2,371
28.10
731824
66,222
0.36
2,818
0.12
62,361
0.29
2,470
0.08
(3,861)
-5.84
(348)
-12.35
731823
7,874
0.05
317
0.02
51,854
0.24
7,226
0.23
43,980
558.55
731813 總計
4,384
0.03
119
0.01
0
0.00
0
0.00
18,584,902
100.00
2,478,835
100.00
21,883,079
100.00
3,167,036
100.00
(91,617) -100.00
6,909 2,179.50
(4,384) -100.00 3,298,177
-80.65
(119) -100.00
17.75
688,201
27.77
多數扣件進口傳統上都是經由美東主要沿海和海灣港口輸入。2019年美國前三個進口扣件最多的港口為賓州港、達拉斯港 和紐約市港。相較於2019年前10 個月，賓州港的進口在2020年同期下滑48%。同時，在2020年達拉斯和紐約市的進口都是增加。 在2020年前10個月，舊金山港從土耳其進口扣件增加了1.167%，相較於2019年的43,738美元總值達到2,926,158美元。邁阿密港在 2020年也有類似成長，從2019年的102,646美元成長至2020年的 2,479,959美元。2.316%的成長是2020年最明顯的。
美國出口至土耳其 美國出口 2016-2019 2016
出口目的地
China Fastener World no.61/2021
美元
%
2017 公斤
%
美元
%
2018 公斤
%
美元
%
2019 公斤
%
美元
%
公斤
%
墨西哥
1,314,654,296 32.25
203,863,541
28.04 1,412,953,785
32.74
222,665,666
28.46 1,499,699,725
34.49
231,263,430
29.89 1,528,570,326
34.77
218,810,790
28.27
加拿大
1,005,906,068 24.68
408,775,729
56.23 1,048,308,919
56.49 1,115,481,725
55.41 1,142,383,822
59.00
24.29
441,917,998
25.66
428,795,685
25.99
456,623,732
巴西
299,423,733
7.35
7,366,754
1.02
293,671,098
6.81
9,298,870
1.19
92,605,918
2.13
8,267,540
1.07
109,464,772
2.49
10,875,768
1.41
中國
190,075,624
4.67
23,026,246
3.17
214,463,469
4.97
25,026,182
3.20
204,021,437
4.70
18,255,470
2.36
183,175,516
4.17
9,689,066
1.26 0.98
英國
163,622,895
4.02
10,139,488
1.40
164,221,037
3.81
10,389,620
1.33
168,552,437
3.88
9,778,718
1.27
160,267,016
3.65
7,519,342
德國
117,867,815
2.90
8,241,516
1.14
121,337,992
2.82
8,199,628
1.05
116,394,757
2.68
8,073,587
1.05
123,712,184
2.82
8,101,157
1.05
法國
111,789,548
2.75
3,187,001
0.44
107,454,702
2.49
2,357,514
0.31
103,682,248
2.39
2,747,118
0.36
89,890,788
2.05
2,293,625
0.30
日本
83,231,548
2.05
3,921,081
0.54
76,326,006
1.77
3,411,218
0.44
91,433,597
2.11
3,122,248
0.41
98,481,641
2.24
3,307,978
0.43
新加坡
77,791,434
1.91
4,137,691
0.57
86,775,503
2.02
3,449,250
0.45
96,586,451
2.23
3,443,820
0.45
104,546,228
2.38
3,654,153
0.48
南韓
65,706,333
1.62
4,044,874
0.56
83,023,821
1.93
3,976,045
0.51
89,653,958
2.07
4,325,897
0.56
88,427,189
2.02
3,487,393
0.46
澳洲
53,263,745
1.31
2,786,774
0.39
72,189,571
1.68
3,479,478
0.45
72,274,354
1.67
3,659,816
0.48
73,097,950
1.67
4,522,533
0.59
荷蘭
33,750,636
0.83
3,443,941
0.48
33,171,802
0.77
3,306,741
0.43
38,618,921
0.89
3,795,089
0.50
32,977,306
0.76
2,950,051
0.39
義大利
33,209,728
0.82
1,757,287
0.25
37,137,615
0.87
2,119,679
0.28
34,639,767
0.80
1,803,799
0.24
34,726,324
0.79
2,166,257
0.28
西班牙
30,730,216
0.76
3,285,002
0.46
32,885,566
0.77
3,300,002
0.43
37,386,332
0.86
3,404,930
0.44
36,080,842
0.83
2,342,826
0.31
泰國
23,321,083
0.58
3,200,664
0.45
23,171,450
0.54
3,634,594
0.47
22,883,037
0.53
3,655,844
0.48
24,874,744
0.57
3,372,673
0.44
阿聯酋
22,936,285
0.57
940,348
0.13
22,643,101
0.53
899,110
0.12
20,374,007
0.47
1,187,955
0.16
29,313,035
0.67
1,182,518
0.16 0.36
印度
22,924,971
0.57
2,311,975
0.32
35,445,913
0.83
3,051,150
0.39
36,818,357
0.85
3,515,981
0.46
34,232,691
0.78
2,758,027
波蘭
22,508,002
0.56
1,625,661
0.23
18,409,414
0.43
1,260,218
0.17
14,413,722
0.34
1,145,676
0.15
16,008,810
0.37
1,183,284
0.16
沙烏地阿拉伯
21,778,212
0.54
3,460,850
0.48
15,524,574
0.36
818,903
0.11
19,903,451
0.46
798,031
0.11
14,742,262
0.34
495,880
0.07 0.32
智利
21,298,239
0.53
1,499,717
0.21
23,841,660
0.56
1,577,473
0.21
39,048,715
0.90
2,153,134
0.28
28,638,189
0.66
2,475,660
台灣
21,065,784
0.52
1,258,158
0.18
22,086,685
0.52
972,397
0.13
24,694,832
0.57
1,306,861
0.17
25,915,750
0.59
1,003,335
0.13
瑞士
18,570,800
0.46
406,269
0.06
19,966,956
0.47
498,147
0.07
17,683,950
0.41
419,670
0.06
18,504,669
0.43
390,800
0.06
土耳其
18,288,485
0.45
2,093,034
0.29
24,796,937
0.58
2,835,622
0.37
27,532,794
0.64
2,809,592
0.37
30,408,604
0.70
2,660,071
0.35
總計
044
4,076,555,511 100.00
727,053,375 100.00 4,316,300,639 100.00
782,429,289 100.00 4,348,457,743 100.00
773,885,156 100.00 4,396,938,196 100.00
774,017,702 100.00
產業報導
美國出口至土耳其 2016-2019 731815 - 有無螺帽或墊片之鋼鐵螺紋螺絲和螺栓 731816 - 鋼鐵螺紋螺帽 731829 - 其他鋼鐵無螺紋部件(扣件) 731819 - 其他鋼鐵螺紋部件
731823 - 鋼鐵拉釘 731822 - 除防鬆墊片外之鋼鐵墊片 731814 - 鋼鐵螺紋自攻螺絲 731824 - 鋼鐵銷及開口銷
2016
產品代碼 (6碼)
美元
731815
%
9,752,357 53.33
731821 - 鋼鐵彈簧墊片及其他防鬆墊片 731811 - 鋼鐵螺紋馬車螺絲
2017 %
公斤 1,726,986
82.52
美元 12,964,678
%
2018 公斤
52.29
2,352,834
%
%
美元
82.98
2019 公斤
13,416,277
48.73
2,083,327
% 74.16
%
美元
公斤
14,239,990
46.83
1,881,466
% 70.73
731816
3,141,935
17.18
71,575
3.42
5,064,509
20.43
151,214
5.34
6,218,007
22.59
203,514
7.25
7,247,132
23.84
64,219
2.42
731829
2,689,224
14.71
73,976
3.54
2,973,552
12.00
66,815
2.36
2,583,719
9.39
50,763
1.81
2,807,121
9.24
103,696
3.90
731819
744,419
4.08
25,689
1.23
1,873,899
7.56
108,268
3.82
2,165,339
7.87
275,312
9.80
2,813,748
9.26
290,907
10.94
731823
714,996
3.91
32,152
1.54
528,974
2.14
16,949
0.60
738,397
2.69
24,097
0.86
725,761
2.39
27,889
1.05
731822
450,819
2.47
52,545
2.52
615,254
2.49
69,306
2.45
1,431,658
5.20
89,020
3.17
1,915,487
6.30
231,757
8.72
731814
382,036
2.09
80,923
3.87
210,194
0.85
23,421
0.83
288,976
1.05
30,500
1.09
255,665
0.85
30,753
1.16
731824
237,749
1.30
20,497
0.98
371,244
1.50
34,224
1.21
489,910
1.78
44,759
1.60
272,218
0.90
25,608
0.97
731821
161,650
0.89
7,504
0.36
86,624
0.35
3,102
0.11
168,199
0.62
6,125
0.22
106,501
0.36
2,192
0.09
731811
13,300
0.08
1,187
0.06
83,533
0.34
7,458
0.27
5,383
0.02
750
0.03
15,613
0.06
1,169
0.05
18,288,485 100.00 2,093,034 100.00
總計
24,796,937 100.00 2,835,622 100.00
27,532,794 100.00 2,809,592 100.00
30,408,604 100.00 2,660,071 100.00
雖然美國不是主要鋼鐵或扣件產品出口國之一，過去幾年其出口至土耳其的扣件也有增加。在2016年，美國出口至土耳其的總 值為18,288,485美元，並在2019年達到 30,408,604美元。2020年前10個月出口的加總為26,389,164美元，比2019年稍微低一些，但 比2019年相同期間的加總高出8%。子項目731815、731816、731819和731822在2016和2019年間都顯示增加，同時子項目 731823 和 731814在過去幾年都出現減少或飄忽不定的變化。 在2020年前10個月，美國相較於2019年同期出口超過8%。子項目731816增加 29%、731829增加近46%，然後781821 增加了驚 人的362%。多數其他扣件子項目在2020年出現減少，像是731823減少46%以及731814減少77%。
2019年美國出口最多扣件至土耳其的港口為紐約市港和諾福克港，而在2020年，數量和數值出現顯著下滑。紐約市港下滑22% 至2,165,774美元，而諾福克港則減少35%至1,137,081美元。其他像是邁阿密港、華盛頓特區港和洛杉磯港都顯示2020年出現下滑。 2020出現最顯著成長的是Houston Galveston，增加了986%, 相當於4,889,458美元。2020年新紐奧良也出現264%的類似增加，或等 同261,165美元。 美國出口 2019 vs 2020 美元
%
公斤
01/01/2020 - 10/30/2020 %
美元
%
公斤
前期比 %
美元
%
公斤
%
墨西哥
1,303,889,387
35.15
189,547,028
28.72
989,990,265
32.99
137,161,459
23.32
(313,899,122)
-24.08
(52,385,569)
加拿大
972,560,013
26.22
388,286,791
58.84
776,131,334
25.86
383,613,338
65.22
(196,428,679)
-20.20
(4,673,453)
-27.64 -1.21
中國
152,910,121
4.13
7,978,643
1.21
148,601,869
4.96
9,761,856
1.66
(4,308,252)
-2.82
1,783,213
22.35
英國
132,819,716
3.59
6,400,537
0.97
108,633,220
3.62
4,498,303
0.77
(24,186,496)
-18.22
(1,902,234) -29.72
德國
101,169,387
2.73
6,833,655
1.04
84,643,470
2.83
4,540,697
0.78
(16,525,917)
-16.34
(2,292,958) -33.56
巴西
92,895,906
2.51
9,214,839
1.40
75,124,277
2.51
7,288,680
1.24
(17,771,629)
-19.14
(1,926,159)
-20.91
新加坡
87,562,739
2.37
3,002,876
0.46
62,992,171
2.10
2,037,981
0.35
(24,570,568) -28.07
(964,895)
-32.14
日本
83,281,959
2.25
2,816,929
0.43
73,724,632
2.46
2,422,192
0.42
(9,557,327)
(394,737)
-14.02
法國
73,385,052
1.98
1,919,787
0.30
69,962,188
2.34
1,674,269
0.29
(3,422,864)
-4.67
(245,518)
-12.79
南韓
71,947,317
1.94
2,883,128
0.44
63,736,301
2.13
2,573,542
0.44
(8,211,016)
-11.42
(309,586)
-10.74
(7,176,655)
-11.76
(1,182,292)
-31.87
澳洲
61,070,839
1.65
3,710,117
0.57
53,894,184
1.80
2,527,825
0.43
西班牙
30,873,533
0.84
2,009,032
0.31
14,707,085
0.50
1,253,654
0.22
-11.48
(16,166,448) -52.37
(755,378) -37.60
印度
29,280,818
0.79
2,417,999
0.37
21,953,313
0.74
1,778,315
0.31
(7,327,505) -25.03
(639,684) -26.46
荷蘭
27,902,134
0.76
2,553,591
0.39
24,165,484
0.81
1,980,746
0.34
(3,736,650)
-13.40
(572,845) -22.44
義大利
27,370,398
0.74
1,621,850
0.25
26,122,871
0.88
1,365,177
0.24
(1,247,527)
-4.56
(256,673)
-15.83
土耳其
24,389,428
0.66
2,175,840
0.33
26,389,164
0.88
1,568,722
0.27
1,999,736
8.20
(607,118)
-27.91
588,200,745 100.00
(708,125,764)
-19.09
(71,808,856)
-10.88
總計
3,709,534,962 100.00
660,009,601 100.00
3,001,409,198 100.00
045
China Fastener World no.61/2021
出口目的地
01/01/2019 - 10/31/2019
產業報導 美國出口至土耳其 2019 vs 2020 731815 - 無論有無螺帽或墊片之鋼鐵螺紋螺絲和螺栓 731816 - 鋼鐵螺紋螺帽 731829 - 其他鋼鐵無螺紋部件(扣件) 731819 - 其他鋼鐵螺紋部件 產品代碼(6碼)
美元
731822 - 除防鬆墊片外之鋼鐵墊片 731823 - 鋼鐵拉釘 731824 - 鋼鐵銷及開口銷 731814 - 鋼鐵螺紋自攻螺絲
01/01/2019 - 10/31/2019 % 公斤 1,555,988
01/01/2020 - 10/30/2020 % 公斤
%
美元
71.52
10,462,614
731815
11,086,443
45.46
731816
5,958,453
24.44
52,782
2.43
731829
2,430,692
9.97
79,758
3.67
731821 - 鋼鐵彈簧墊片及其他防鬆墊片 731811 -鋼鐵螺紋馬車螺絲 731813 - 鋼鐵螺紋螺絲鉤和螺絲環 前期比 % 59.40
美元 (623,829)
% -5.63
%
公斤
39.65
931,808
(624,180)
7,697,593
29.17
104,376
6.66
1,739,140
29.19
51,594
97.75
3,547,314
13.45
74,456
4.75
1,116,622
45.94
(5,302)
-6.65
-40.12
731819
2,313,358
9.49
241,243
11.09
2,439,442
9.25
280,746
17.90
126,084
5.46
39,503
16.38
731822
1,364,859
5.60
166,219
7.64
1,151,260
4.37
109,092
6.96
(213,599)
-15.65
(57,127)
-34.37
731823
626,221
2.57
24,457
1.13
333,340
1.27
13,876
0.89
(292,881)
-46.77
(10,581)
-43.27
731824
258,656
1.07
24,566
1.13
270,087
1.03
26,025
1.66
11,431
4.42
1,459
5.94
731814
234,486
0.97
27,457
1.27
53,408
0.21
8,161
0.53
(181,078)
-77.23
(19,296)
-70.28
731821
91,279
0.38
1,786
0.09
422,427
1.61
19,346
1.24
331,148
362.79
17,560
983.21
731811
15,613
0.07
1,169
0.06
6,010
0.03
536
0.04
(9,603)
-61.51
(633)
-54.15
731813
9,368
0.04
415
0.02
0
0.00
0
0.00
(9,368) -100.00
24,389,428
100.00
2,175,840
100.00
26,389,164
100.00
1,568,722
100.00
總計
1,999,736
8.20
(415) -100.00 (607,118)
-27.91
美國與土耳其扣件貿易的未來
China Fastener World no.61/2021
了解新冠疫情對國際貿易的根本影響，是眾人目前在貿易領域相當關注的焦點。不像許多出口扣件至美國的國家，土耳其是少 數幾個2020年對美國出口增長近18%的國家。在2020前10個月，美國相較於2019年同期的18,584,902美元，共進口21,883,079美元的 扣件。相較於2019年前10個月，美國在2020同期減少扣件出口達19%。美國對土耳其的出口從2019年的24,389,428美元增加至2020 年的 26,389,164美元，相當於8.2%成長。疫情可能在接下來幾個月都不會被宣告結束，但貿易已經開始步入正常。2020最後兩個月 應該是2020年表現最佳的其中幾個月，同時企業也持續調整他們的供應和需求。
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技術論壇
插 銷
無螺紋扣件
文 / Guy Avellon
插銷是許多獨特用途的產品通稱。了解各個插銷的差異後，你就能協助顧客 針對他們的用途選擇正確的插銷產品。 插銷是一種基於力學的產物，它的設計是用來固定零件，但可能會受到位移 或其他外力荷載的影響。這一點是與螺紋扣件相反的。螺紋扣件會對厚重的材料 產生可調整的壓縮夾持荷載，但插銷只會產生輕微的徑向荷載。 插銷一般是以鋼線或壓平的線材製成，接著會被捲成筒狀或彎折，以適用於特定用途。它的鋼材質，區分成不同的碳含量和硬 度。插銷也可用不鏽鋼、鈹銅、黃銅或蒙乃爾合金（Monel）製成。
插銷的種類包括U形插銷、卷製插銷、開口銷、定位銷、插溝銷、圓環銷、槽銷、安全銷、彈簧銷、直插銷、錐形銷。
開口銷：開口銷是與U 形插銷和槽形螺帽搭配使用，它是 以壓扁對折的線材製成。外形有個半圓的橫切面，在閉口的尾 端有個圓弧形，以避免插銷從孔洞掉出來。某些插銷會有不同 形狀，例如R型插銷的外形像字母R，且可透過插銷或圓筒狀物 體周圍形成的彈簧張力來提供安全性。開口銷一端的長度稍微 比另一端長，這樣才容易掰開兩端。兩端都穿過U形插銷或有 鑽孔的螺栓之後，就要把兩端掰開，避免開口銷掉出去。或者 必須將兩端纏繞住突起部位，避免槽形螺帽脫離螺栓。(ANSI/ ASME B18.8.1) 卷製插銷: 卷製插銷，又稱螺旋插銷，是屬於一種彈簧插 銷。外形筆直，呈圓筒狀，採用可硬化材質並以二又四分之一倍 捲繞出多層牆面。它的設計是要被按壓到數個零件的孔洞中來 接合零件。卷製插銷的多層牆面向外產生的彈簧張力會有效避 免插銷掉出孔洞。卷製插銷在使用狀態下會持續繃緊，在含有 動態荷載的用途中，把金屬疲勞的發生率降到最低。材質包括 但不限於1070-1095碳鋼、6150H可硬化合金鋼、410~420與302 不鏽鋼、鈹銅。 卷製插銷分成三階級：屬於輕量用途的ISO 8751級、屬於 標準用途的ISO 8750級、屬於重型用途的ISO 8748級。 用途包括鎖具、門閂、鉸鏈銷、齒輪軸、車軸、泵軸、馬達、 車門、把手等等。(ANSI/ASME B18.8.2) 定位銷: 它的設計是要與零件密合，它的桿部堅硬且經過 研磨來貼合倒角的兩端。定位銷是要拿來按壓的，它的用途包 括工具和模具機。材質是任何可硬化到硬度Rc50以上的鋼材或 合金，如此可產生最少130 ksi的剪切力。未經硬化的定位銷應 最少要有Rc32的硬度。若是鋼製，剪切力要有64 ksi，若是黃銅 製則要有40 ksi。(ANSI/ASME B18.2.2)
插溝銷：插溝銷有堅硬但未磨平的直圓筒狀桿部，含有等 距縱列的型鍛溝槽(擴口溝槽)。這些溝槽的作用是把孔洞的側 牆推進溝槽，在孔洞和零件之間產生金屬性接合與鎖固效果。 材質包括低碳鋼、合金，或抗腐蝕的鋼材、黃銅與蒙乃爾 合金（Monel）。插溝銷包括有打頭的款式或直溝槽的款式。 (ANSI/ASME B18.8.2) 圓環銷：圓環銷的組成包括一支直插銷以及一個環狀扣 環。圓環銷會穿過圓筒狀零件(圓軸、車軸等等)的孔洞，並透過 彈簧扣環將圓環銷固定在整個零件中，避免零件滑動或位移。 圓環銷又稱為連接銷，常用於拖拉機。它的環狀部位可做為簡 易把手來快速卸除。 槽銷：槽銷與卷製插銷類似，但沒有被捲製出多層牆面。它 的材料―― 扁平金屬――會被捲曲到兩端快要閉合或快要觸 及彼此的程度。它又稱為C形插銷，兩側都很筆直且兩端都呈倒 角，用來穿入孔洞，對零件產生輕度的彈簧壓力。材質包括但不 限於1070-1095碳鋼、6150H可硬化合金鋼、410~420與302不鏽 鋼、鈹銅。(ANSI/ASME B18.8.2) 安全銷：這個名稱是形容一種低碳鋼製的直插銷，用在蝸 輪、傳動齒輪或車軸中。目的是在零件遇到某種抗力足以毀損 零件時，安全銷就會失效並斷裂，藉此犧牲較低價的零件來避 免高價零件斷裂。 彈簧插銷：這一類的插銷包括卷製插銷和槽銷。這些插銷 外形呈圓筒狀，有筆直的側面。其一端或兩端呈現倒角來幫助插 入孔洞，這是因為這些插銷的直徑稍大於孔洞的直徑。插銷與 孔洞貼合時會收縮，由於彈簧有著會恢復原形的特性，所以插 銷會持續對孔洞的牆面施加壓力。這種彈簧插銷也被視為一種 自固定式扣件。(ANSI/ASME B18.8.2) 直插銷：直插銷是以冷抽線材製成，有未磨平的圓筒狀側 面。它的兩端可呈現也可不呈現倒角，用於低價的一般用途，以 鎖固車軸。(ANSI/ASME B18.8.2) 錐形銷：錐形銷類似直插銷，但其中一端是錐形。這種插 銷要插入的孔洞直徑會略小於非錐形那一端的直徑，藉此讓插 銷產生壓合固定的效果。此插銷安裝了之後一般就不會拆除 掉。(ANSI/ASME B18.8.2)
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
U形插銷：其筆直桿部的一端通常帶有冷成形的頭部。接 近桿部尾端之處會有個貫通的孔洞。貫穿U形插銷的對象物，其 孔洞直徑不一定會接近插銷的直徑，通常不會很緊密接合。為 了避免U形插銷鬆脫，會以開口銷穿過U形插銷尾部上已鑽好的 孔洞。U形插銷在各種用途中提供抗剪力，通常會帶有鏈條。使 用的材料一般是經過表面硬化的AISI 1010-1020或1211鋼材。 (ANSI/ASME B18.8.1)
技術論壇
複合金屬材質 鑽入螺絲
文/ Laurence Claus
在預先鑽孔和攻孔接合零件不適用的建築應用領域，鑽入螺絲是一款特別多功能和有助 益的扣件產品。鑽入螺絲在不需觸及接合面背面的情況下就能輕易完成安裝和穿透多 種建材。可以適用在很多室內外應用環境。鑽入螺絲在室外應用環境是很優異的可用資源，常 被用來接合石膏板、木件和其他金屬零件至金屬結構件和螺柱。一般來說，室內環境是可掌握 的，且這些螺絲不必承受外部具挑戰性或惡劣的環境條件干擾。鑽入螺絲也高度受到金屬屋 頂和覆蓋板安裝者的歡迎。鑽入螺絲提供一個簡易方式，不需預先鑽導孔或通孔就能穿透金 屬屋頂或覆蓋板金以及下層的鋼構組件。不過，不像室內環境，建築外部會受到很多大家熟知 氣候可能帶來的變數影響。 因此對鑽入螺絲來說，在室外環境，這些常常具挑戰性和潛在惡劣條件就是腐蝕。最常 見的腐蝕區就是暴露在外的頭部。這個區域的腐蝕會在屋頂或覆蓋板材造成難看的斑汙，在 結構上造成潛在的洩漏通道、導致昂貴的保養作業，並減損建築本身的美感氣勢。不過，這些 扣件不是只有頭部會發生腐蝕。還有可能發生在暴露於或與潮溼環境建築材料接觸的螺身腐 蝕和間隙腐蝕。就像頭部的腐蝕一樣，扣件較底端部分的腐蝕會導致表面周邊形成斑汙，因而 降低扣件或接合處的機械強度，以及增加環境導致的應力腐蝕裂隙的潛在風險。 基於這些理由，室外的鑽入螺絲必須有保護塗層或以抗腐蝕材料製成。雖然保護塗層可 提供簡易且可能是最具成本效益的保護方法，事實上是它們只能延緩發生失效的時間。換句 話說，失效最後仍會發生。只是可能會比較晚發生罷了。因此，使用抗腐蝕不鏽鋼是更好的選 擇。不過這個解決方案的問題是，雖然不鏽鋼在螺紋部位通常可以被加工硬化至足夠程度，藉 以讓螺紋可以抵抗螺紋成形時所產生的力道，它在鑽入頭部尖端處的強度仍沒有強到可以支 撐整個鑽入應用。這個問題的解決方法就是已經有40年歷史的複合金屬鑽入螺絲。
本文圖片 由進旌工業股份 有限公司 提供
複合金屬鑽入螺絲(Bi-Metallic Drill Screw)是由不鏽鋼本體和硬化後的碳 鋼鑽頭組成。本文將介紹這種非常具有價值和專業的鑽入螺絲。
China Fastener World no.61/2021
腐蝕形式: 使用在屋頂和覆面材料的鑽入螺絲可能暴露在許多 不同種類的腐蝕。最顯著的腐蝕形式可能是鋼鐵零件的銹 蝕，也稱作均勻銹蝕。這是一個當未經保護的鋼鐵零件暴 露在潮濕環境時產生迷你電流所觸發的電機機制。大部分 時候，碳鋼扣件都會用表面塗層來避免類似情形發生。不過 這些塗層只能延緩那些最終還是會發生的事，且最後這些 塗層的脆弱部位會暴露出基底鋼材並開始產生銹蝕。因為 這些扣件預期可以撐得比屋頂壽命還要長，這種在碳鋼上 加塗層的方式可能不是那麼符合需求。不過若是複合金屬 在抵擋一般腐蝕情況時的表現就很不錯。 屋頂上和覆面材料的鑽入螺絲普遍暴露在另一種形式 的腐蝕-電鍍腐蝕。這是一種因為接觸到相異材質所觸發的 腐蝕機制。當特定異材質接觸到另一種材質且有電解液(電 導物質)存在，就會產生電鍍電池，而材料中較沒有化學惰 性之處就會開始腐蝕。這是一種用於屋頂和覆面材料上使 用的鑽入螺絲常會經歷的問題，因為這些零件常用鋁料製 成。碳鋼扣件就沒有像複合螺絲那麼有保護力。
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鑽入螺絲也有可能發生間隙腐蝕。當某特定區域與 不動的液體、濕氣基質接觸到就會發生。屋頂和覆面材料 應用的鑽入螺絲常會使用到墊圈或襯墊來預防水滲透。 如果這樣的密封狀態失效了，這種接合形式就會在頭部下 方或沿著已經發生滲水或因為接觸潮濕物質而浸濕的螺 身發生間隙腐蝕。 最後，碳鋼鑽入螺絲可能會經表面硬化至非常高硬 度的水準。若剛好某些條件存在，這也可能讓其容易產生 氫導致的應力腐蝕裂隙(環境氫脆)。
不鏽鋼: 很清楚地，這些腐蝕問題的解決方式就是使用不會 接觸到腐蝕機制的材料。我們立刻想到的可能是不鏽鋼。 不鏽鋼是含有至少11%鉻的合金。鉻暴露在氣體氧時，會 導致氧化鉻、三氧化二鉻形成。可惜的是實際產生這些氧 化物的能力並不是所有種類的不鏽鋼都相同。
技術論壇
雖然有五種不鏽鋼大類，讓我們來看主要三大類: 肥粒鐵、麻田散鐵和奧斯田鐵。在探討這三大類鋼鐵家 族後，我們會發現只有其中一種會產生我們一般認知 不銹鋼會產生的抗腐蝕特性。 • 肥 粒 鐵不 鏽 鋼 : 肥 粒鐵不鏽 鋼 鉻 含 量低 於 12%。因此其僅具低度至中度抗腐蝕能力。他 們可能會發生脆化。它不適合用在屋頂和覆面 材料應用。 • 麻田散鐵不鏽鋼: 麻田散鐵不鏽鋼鉻含量至少 有11%。其可以被熱處理後達到非常堅硬的狀 態。不過，在所有不鏽鋼種類中，其抗腐蝕能力 是最差的。雖然有人可能會說因為其可以被硬 化所以可以被用在鑽入螺絲，但因為缺乏防腐 蝕能力，使其無法成為屋頂或覆面材料用鑽入 螺絲的實際可用選項。 • 奧斯田鐵不鏽鋼: 奧斯田鐵不鏽鋼就是我們常 常會聯想到的不鏽鋼種類。這類不鏽鋼含有約 18%的鉻和8%鎳。雖然它們可以被加工硬化但 是不能透過熱處理增大強度。它們是不同不鏽 鋼類型中具備最佳抗腐蝕能力的種類。可惜的 是，如先前所說的，它們強度不夠強到可以製 成能夠抵抗極端鑽入壓力的鑽入頭部，尤其是 更厚實的交錯部位。因此，雖然這是唯一被推 薦用於屋頂和覆面材料用鑽入螺絲的不鏽鋼， 它們也只能在搭配高強度碳鋼鑽入頭部時才變 得實用。
什麼是複合金屬鑽入螺絲? 我們整理出兩個重點… 1. 鑽入螺絲若要可以抵禦嚴酷的外部應用環境，就必須用 奧斯田鐵不鏽鋼製成。在北美，這通常指的是304或316不 鏽鋼。在其他地方，相同的名稱是A2和A4。一般來說，這 些材料幾乎在所有環境條件下都有很不錯的抗均勻和間隙 腐蝕表現，也能提供與鋁料更好的電鍍連接(不鏽鋼惰性 較高，因此不會銹蝕和在鋁板上留下條狀痕跡。雖然扣件 獲得更好的保護，設計師仍須考慮到鋁板，並採取措施來 限制這種配對在電鍍會產生的交互作用)。 2. 奧斯田鐵不鏽鋼材料不具備必須的強度來進行適當的鑽 入。因此，若奧斯田鐵不鏽鋼要在應用上取得成功，短短的 碳鋼鑽頭就必須用來與奧斯田鐵不鏽鋼本體做搭配。 那麼要如何把兩個完全不同的材料整合成一個整體的複合金 屬零件? 目前全球有很多製造商都有在生產這種產品。同樣的，它 們都有自己的專利方式和知識。儘管方法上稍有不同，本質上，流 程大概如下: 1. 從奧斯田鐵不鏽鋼冷鍛頭出一個本體 2. 中碳或高碳鑽頭部位從線材被切下或以特定成形方式製成 3. 不鏽鋼本體被焊接至碳鋼鑽頭部 4. 碳鋼鑽頭部被加工產生需要的鑽頭形狀 5. 螺紋部進行軋紋 6. 鑽頭以及第一條或至第二條導引螺紋進行高週波淬火強 化鑽頭部硬度。 7. 清洗和表面處理(有些製造商會維持部件原貌，讓不鏽鋼 和碳鋼區域可以容易辨識，另外其他製造商也有像是電鍍 鋅的加工步驟來偽裝兩種不同區域。) 到目前為止，我強調了這些螺絲的自鑽能力。不過有一點很重 要不能忘記，就是這些螺絲也被預期可以自己形成螺紋。雖然奧斯 田鐵不鏽鋼在螺紋成形時會經歷一些加工硬化過程，若零件是要 鎖入厚實的交錯區域，導引螺紋可能無法支撐得很好。因此，常見 的是碳鋼鑽頭長度不只會到鑽頭整個長度而已，還會延伸至第一 對導引螺紋。如此一來，高週波淬火會抓住整個導引螺紋，並在發 生螺紋成形之處產生非常堅硬的導引螺紋。
總結: 複合金屬鑽入螺絲是處理令人煩惱緊固問題的獨特 和第一流的解決方式。藉由搭配碳鋼鑽頭部位來促進自鑽和螺 紋成形，客戶可以在嚴酷環境使用可以配合所安裝部位產品(屋頂 或覆面材料)壽命或是可以支撐許多年甚至更久的奧斯田鐵不鏽鋼 本體。
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雖然有超過200種不鏽鋼合金，一般來說，我們對 於不鏽鋼的認識通常來自個人有限的知識經驗。我指的 是我們所認知的部分來自於每日的經歷和互動。對我 們多數人來說，談到不鏽鋼，指的可能是用餐時需要的 扁平餐具、使用的鍋具、廚房家電和很多餐廳醫院的作 業表面。我們在這方面的經驗應是全球一致的。這些品 項不會生鏽，且在嚴酷環境也具反應惰性。不過，事實 上這樣的理解是不完整的，因為一些不同的不鏽鋼合 金並不會展現這些特性且也會發生銹蝕和氧化。
展後報導
下半年匯達參展足跡
2020 不畏疫情
挺進東歐市場
波蘭克拉科夫螺絲展
匯達參加2020
中東歐規模最大，2020年波蘭克拉科夫螺絲展10月14至15日在克拉科夫國際展覽 會議中心順利展開，吸引來自波蘭、德國、捷克、斯洛伐克、義大利、西班牙、瑞士、土 耳其、比利時、丹麥、英國、荷蘭和台灣共100多家廠商報名參展。身為該展台灣銷售總 代理的匯達公司也不畏疫情，挺進波蘭，為廠商尋覓在地潛在買主，同時也推廣優質 的扣件相關供應商給中東歐產業市場。 今年的展會主要展出項目包括: 工業用扣件和緊固元件、扣件製 造技術、建築用緊固元件、組裝和安裝用系統、倉儲/經銷批發/工廠設 備等相關服務。 繼2019年的展會吸引廣大國內外扣件相關展商和訪客熱情參與 後，第4屆的展會雖因疫情關係人潮明顯少了許多，但還是有不少廠商 到場，希望能在目前市場挑戰嚴峻之際，積極爭取曝光，即時獲得買家 的關注，開啟更多商業合作的可能。該展訪客主要屬性為採購主、高階 經理人。 這也是匯達團隊今年在中/東歐區域首次參加的扣件專業展會。為 期兩天的展期，匯達人員也與不少在地採購和製造商進行交流互動，不 僅提供詳盡的扣件供應商資訊給當地買主，也深入了解中東歐目前的 產業發展概況，更重要的是把最新的匯達刊物直送在地買家手中，為 買賣雙方創造更多合作機會。
上海國際緊固件工業博覽會 上海世博熱鬧登場 開創疫後產業新格局
China Fastener World no.61/2021
中國緊固行業盛事之一「上海國際緊固件工業博覽會」在中國緊固行業和公協會巨 頭出席11月03日開幕式見證下，在上海世博展覽館盛大開展。為期3天的展會展出面積達 40,000平方米，約600家海內外緊固件企業報名參展，使用近1,650個標準攤位。除中國本 地展商外，更不乏許多來自義大利、德國、比利時、美國、韓國和日本的外資企業參展。匯 達雜誌也不落人後，在波蘭螺絲展甫剛結束之際，立刻投入中國緊固行業市場的展會推 廣宣傳，為在地有需求的買家提供最快速有效的採購管道。 此次展會共開兩個展館，包括1號設備、線材、模具及耗品館以及2號緊固件成品館。展出的產品非常多元，包括緊固件設備、 模具耗品、標準緊固件、行業專用緊固件、沖壓件和車床件、緊固件材料、緊固件電商…等服務，為海內外緊固件產業搭建高效技 術與商務交流平台，也吸引許多採購商、經銷商、貿易商、終端商和製造商到場觀摩新技術新產品、洽談採購以及探尋商機。 開幕式中，中國機械通用零部件工業協會緊固件分會會長薛康生表示: 我們希望以這次博覽會為契機，緊跟緊固件行業發 展動向，充分展示當前中國緊固件市場新變化、新需求。廣泛宣傳各地緊固件企業發展的新技術、新產品、新模式，向行業內外傳 遞正確的市場發展信息。為企業和客商提供專業權威的技術分享、信息交流、經貿商務平台，堅定大家在複雜形勢下做好緊固件 市場的信心和決心。」 今年除了展會外，主辦單位還同期舉辦緊固件行業協會代表交流晚會、緊固件經濟貿易和技術洽談會和緊固件技術交流主 題講座，針對當前產業所面臨的挑戰進行分析探討解決方案和對產業未來的展望，盼替展商和買家訪客創造更多產業互動以及 學習交流機會，進一步推動產業升級。
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展後報導
2020 突破病毒圍籬
衝出線上佳績
美國拉斯維加斯螺絲暨機械設備展 美國最大扣件展在去年11月11、12日舉辦線上展覽會。惠達雜誌也線 上參展，在第三波全球疫情席捲而來的逆勢下殺出重圍，取得亮眼成績。 包括惠達雜誌，台灣展商總共有7家公司參加此線上展覽會，包括皇晉、友 鋮、尚余、俊良、上展以及強新。
惠達成功和Brighton Best International、 N o r d - L o c k , I n c .、I n d u s t r i a l R i v e t & Manufacturing，以及Earnest Machine、FCH Sourcing Network、E XIPAR, S.A. DE C.V.、 EGW Utilities, Inc.等多家公司代表人士進行視訊 面談，共與103位廠商成功連結，且線上參與會議 直播的同時，惠達與在線的與會人員在聊天室中， 針對會議的議題提出討論，收穫頗豐。
在視訊面談中，各家代表人士紛紛透過惠達 特派專員尋找扣件與相關產品，專員基於他們在 規格、品質、交期等等方面的需求，為他們線上 即時與有供貨的供應商媒合，突破病毒的藩籬。 此外，在展會前專員向相關廠商發送視訊邀請， 隨即獲得超過百家廠商的熱烈參與，創造線上佳 績。
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據主辦單位統計，拉斯展兩天共建立了2,700 多個線上用戶連接，交換了6,700多則訊息。展商 有來自加拿大、印度、中國、印尼、日本、馬來西 亞、台灣、美國，訪客則來自墨西哥、馬來西亞、 中國、台灣、印尼等地。其中有來自墨西哥的訪 客，提到幾乎每年都會到拉斯維加斯，之前也有 跟中國、台灣採購過。今年沒辦法過去便透過線 上參與。病毒隔絕商人面對面的接觸，反倒開啟 線上與面對面商談雙管並行的新營運模式。 下一屆拉斯展將在2021年9月21至23日舉行， 我們期待這場展會將能再度實現面對面的商談。
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技術論壇
GH4080A鎳合金 緊固件加工及熱處理 文/ 趙萍麗、張先鳴
◆ 引言 ◆ 1、緊固件的加工工藝
鎳合金高溫合金是一種能夠在600℃以上及一定應 力條件下長期工作的金屬材料，具有優異的高溫強度、 良好的抗氧化和抗熱腐蝕性能、良好的疲勞性能、斷裂 韌性等綜合性能。
螺栓類產品加工工藝：原材料→固溶→下料→冷鐓→車加工 →滾搓牙→熱處理（時效）→表面處理。 螺母類產品加工工藝：原材料→固溶→下料→冷鐓→攻牙→ 熱處理（時效）→衝壓→表面處理。
鎳合金所具有的耐高溫、耐腐蝕等性能主要取決 於它的化學組成和組織結構；材料成分十分複雜，含有 鉻、鎳、鋁等活潑元素，在氧化或熱腐蝕環境中表現為 化學穩定性強，這些特點決定了它區別於普通金屬材 料的加工工藝[1]。
螺紋配合精度等級6g6H，大徑及小徑尺寸實際公差值都控 制在±0.02mm，螺栓杆部及外圓尺寸公差一般在±0.03mm，從 加工尺寸分析，對鎳基合金此類產品公差控制的特別嚴，外圓幾 乎無劃痕、碰傷或加工紋路缺陷，熱處理後螺紋加工工藝中，在 牙側、牙底部分不允許存在折疊裂紋，且完全避免螺栓杆部彎曲、 變形、應力集中等此類品質問題[3]。
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鎳合金的發展是合金理論與生產工藝技術不斷改 善和革新的過程。通過合金強化+工藝強化來不斷結合 提高合金的材料性能。合金強化包括合金固溶強化、第 二相強化和晶界強化等。工藝強化包括精細冶煉、凝固 結晶、熱加工、熱處理及表面處理等環節改善合金組織 結構等[2]。
當今加工螺紋的工藝主要有金屬切削法（如車、銑、磨削等） 和塑性成型法（如滾壓、擠壓等），而滾壓螺紋為鎳合金螺栓在成 型過程中關鍵技術。滾壓螺紋是用成型滾壓輪模具通過塑性變形 所獲得螺紋的加工方法，使材料組織發生轉移，而沒有破壞金屬 的纖維結構，且細化了材料晶粒，提高了螺紋的強度和硬度。
GB/T14994 標準中的 GH4080A（參照執行 DIN E N 10 2 69 標準）鎳合金以 Ni 基含量 ≥ 65%，18% ～ 21%Cr 形成鉻鎳奧氏體基體高溫合金，GH4080A原材 料化學成分見表1。主要應用於汽車高溫工作服役區域 高溫緊固件，如渦輪增壓器連接部位等。該區域服役 的零部件及總成承擔著汽車驅動動力的能量產生與轉 變、動能輸出、燃料輸送和高溫排放氣體的高速流動及 迴圈。鎳基高溫緊固件規格在M6 ～M12 螺栓、螺柱及 螺母。高溫持久拉伸要求：1、按照標準ASME SB637必 須滿足，試樣在 760℃下，應力325MPa下，保持23小時 試樣不允許出現斷裂，然後採用逐漸增加應力的方式拉 斷試樣，4D 斷後伸長率不小於3.5%。2、按照標準GB/ T14994需滿足，試樣在750℃下，應力340MPa下，保持 30小時試樣不允許出現斷裂。高溫合金材料製備技術與 工藝仍處於不斷的進步和創新中，為此，設計完整的緊 固件加工工藝及熱處理制度就很有必要。
在汽車發動機增壓器渦輪部分，對高溫螺栓的可靠性及壽命 提出了更高要求，其中對檢驗螺紋合格與否的就是檢測螺栓及螺 紋的流線。流線是金屬在成形過程中晶粒、晶界等沿著主伸長方 向形成的一種組織形貌。在緊固件服役過程中，鐓鍛的流線分佈 不合理，將導致螺栓的力學性能下降，縮短螺栓使用壽命；當螺 栓的流線分佈合理時，可以提高螺栓的強度及抗疲勞性能，為此， 檢測螺栓的流線是否正常就尤為重要。 對於由盤條機械加工成型、或冷鐓和熱鍛的鎳合金螺栓，熱 處理應該在成型過程中進行，並且在熱處理前或後、或者在固溶 退火（AT）和沉澱時效（P）之間滾壓螺紋。
GH4080A鎳合金φ10mm 絲材進行固溶處理（固溶溫度為 1070±10℃），顯微組織主要由奧氏體基體和大量碳化物構成， 其碳化物主要為富含Cr的碳化物，固溶後變形的晶粒轉變為比較
表1 GH4080A原材料化學成分（按照標準GB/T14994執行 ） 化學成份（%） 牌號
C
Cr
Ni
Co
Al
Ti
Fe
B
Si
Mn
P
S
Cu
不大於
GH4080A 0.04～0.10 18.00～21.00 ≥65 ≤2.00 1.00～1.80 1.80～2.70 1.50 0.008 0.80 0.40 0.020 0.015 0.20
054
技術論壇
均勻細小的等軸晶粒。經不同變形量冷拔後，可以看出， 該合金在變形過程中的變形機制為滑移和孿生。當變形 量小於10% 時，合金的晶粒度為7～ 9 級；當變形量增加 至20%時，晶粒度為10～11級。為此，鎳合金絲材在拉拔 時，控制拉拔量不大於12%，顯微組織進行晶粒度測評 在9～10 級為佳。 螺紋連接中的緊固件通常通過施加扭矩產生預緊 力，因此，對鎳合金螺栓進行潤滑十分關鍵，以避免在 緊固過程中出現磨損或咬合現象。通過適當的表面精 飾（潤滑或塗 /鍍層或帶有潤滑的塗 /鍍層），塗蠟/ 或塗 MoS 2，控制鎳合金緊固件扭矩～夾緊力關係，在這種情 況下，標記和 / 或標籤中在產品代號後緊跟字母“ Lu ＂ ， 在緊固過程中，一些參數可能會增加鎳合金緊固件的磨 損風險，如螺紋損壞、高預載荷、高擰緊速度等。為此， 應選擇適當的擰緊措施和方法，以達到所需的預緊力。
G H 4 0 8 0 A 鎳 合 金緊 固件 室 溫性 能 見 表 2；汽 車發 動 機 G H4 0 8 0A緊固件熱 處理制度及技術要求見表3；G H4 0 8 0A （NiCr20TiAl）鎳合金熱處理微觀金相組織為γ′相+ M23C6 碳 化物（圖1）。
表2 鎳合金緊固件室溫性能 螺栓抗拉強度 典型的 硬度/HV /MPa 熱處理制度
材料類別
牌號
鎳合金
GH4080A (NiCr20TiAl)
+AT+P
1000～1300 320～417
注：1） +AT：固溶。2）+P：時效硬化。
2、鎳合金緊固件的熱處理 鎳合金緊固件儘管有大量的含鎳、含鉻元素的材料 牌號選擇，但是還必須通過正確的熱處理手段，才能更 好地發揮鎳合金的功能。可以說，熱處理生產是提高鎳 合金緊固件品質和使用可靠性的重要保證。
200X
圖1 GH4080A固溶+時效處理，王水腐蝕
3、高溫性能測試概述 對於實際使用溫度在650 ℃以上，且螺栓抗拉強度要求至少 為900 MPa時，GH4080A鎳合金的螺栓應增加螺栓的高溫持久試 驗，評估和驗收可由供需雙方協商進行。
3.1 測試設備一般要求 高溫拉力試驗機和高溫蠕變試驗機要求具備加熱及保溫裝 置。試驗機應能以可控速率施加拉伸載荷，在試驗機允許力值範 圍內，示值相對誤差不應超過±1%，試驗機力值必須檢定[5]。 加熱爐應保證在整個實驗期間試樣的溫度波動和溫度梯度 符合表4規定，溫度應自動記錄，測量溫度的儀器靈敏度應在1℃ 以內。
表4 溫度波動和溫度梯度要求 試驗溫度℃
溫度波動℃
溫度梯度℃
≤600
±2
2
＞600～900
±3
3
＞900～1100
±4
4
China Fastener World no.61/2021
GH4080A（NiCr20Ti A l）鎳合金須採用固溶強 化、第二相強化和晶界強化三類手段對合金進行綜合 強化。基本熱處理制度為固溶處理+ 時效處理[4]；固溶 處理可使強化相γ′相和碳化物固溶，獲得最佳的持久 蠕變強度；時效處理可以有效的析出沉澱相，類型、數 量與尺寸和所要求的強度、塑性、韌性的配合。固溶處 理：1050 ℃～1090 ℃X8h, 空冷, 隨著固溶溫度的提高， GH4 0 80A 鎳合金基體的過飽和度增加。時效處理溫 度：第一次時效 840 ～860℃X24h，奧氏體晶界會同時 析出大量大小不同的γ′相，平均直徑分別為 0.25µm 和 0.04µm,導致硬度顯著提高，第二次690～720℃X16h時 效 ,，空冷處理，起到補充時效硬化的作用，基體上彌散 析出大量的γ′強化相，平均晶粒尺寸為約127µm，硬度 為355～380HV。GH4080A鎳合金（或690～700℃X16h 一次時效)在固溶組織的基礎上經700℃±5℃,16h，晶界 上的M7C3繼續轉變為M23C6 碳化物，所以在晶界上沉 澱出叫連續的M23C6 碳化物，晶內的γ′相也長大成球 形質點。研究表明，晶粒度對GH4080A（NiCr20TiAl） 鎳合金的疲勞強度影響明顯，表面細晶組織可以提高疲 勞裂紋的萌生抗力，內部的粗晶組織有利於提高疲勞裂 紋的擴展抗力。晶粒度不僅影響試樣的疲勞壽命；也影 響試樣的疲勞強度，晶粒度越小，單位體能內晶界數量 越多，對裂紋萌生的阻礙作用越明顯。
100X
表3 GH4080A熱處理制度及技術要求 牌號
熱處理方式
GH4080A
固溶+時效
熱處理溫度
Rm/MPa
固溶：1050～1090℃×8h 時效：840～860℃×24h， 1000～1300 690～710℃×16h
Rp0.2/MPa
A/%
硬度/HV
≥600
≥12
320～417
055
技術論壇 熱電偶應按規定校準，固定熱電偶過程中應使熱電偶的熱接頭緊靠 試樣並固定，受樣品長度限制時，至少應在試樣兩端附近夾具上分別固 定一支熱電偶。 試驗夾具應能在試驗溫度下承受試驗載荷而不產生永久變形，固 定試樣的夾具安裝孔基本直徑為緊固件杆部最大直徑加0.025 mm,極限 偏差為0 ～+0.10 mm。高溫試驗要注意防止緊固件因熱膨脹而受剪切。 當螺母類產品進行高溫試驗時，可採用與螺母同批材料同爐熱處理 的圓形截面光滑試樣進行試驗，試樣的尺寸和結構加工可參考金屬材料 的高溫拉伸和應力斷裂試驗方法。 高溫試驗過程中，在加熱達到試驗溫度和所規定的溫度梯度後，保 溫一段時間後開始試驗，高溫拉伸保溫時間至少為15分鐘，高溫持久保 溫時間至少為1小時,但不能超過24小時。 表5
3.2 高溫拉伸和持久性試驗 拉伸試驗過程中，應緩慢平穩的對試樣施加載 荷，應力速率（700±70） MPa/min 進行試驗[6]。 根據 GB/T2039 規定的試驗方法，將實物安裝 在高溫蠕變持久試驗機上，溫度升高至指定溫度， 載入軸向拉應力到規定拉應力，保持一定時間，螺 栓在保持時間內不得發生斷裂，不得有明顯的變 形和伸長,然後繼續加大拉應力，直到試樣斷裂，降 到室溫時，測量其斷後伸長率不得小於規定值。變 形和伸長要求根據供需雙方協定進行。表5給出了 GH4080A鎳合金高溫持久性能。表6為 GH4080A 鎳合金高溫拉伸性能。
GH4080A鎳合金高溫持久性能
室溫性能 牌號
GH4080A
抗拉強度 規定非比例延伸 斷後伸長率 斷面收縮率 Rm/ MPa 強度Rp0.2/MPa A/% Z/% 硬度HBW 不小於 1000
620
20
表6 牌號 GH4080A
高溫持久性能
熱處理 狀態
機械性能 MPa
≥285
——
不小於 340
30
——
溫度℃ 50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
固溶+ Rm 分鐘 1070 1044 950 時效 Rp0.2 分鐘 595 586 577
900
900
900
900
900
900
890
880
850
—
568
564
560
550
540
530
520
510
500
480
◆ 結論 ◆ GH4080A鎳合金主要用於車用增壓器渦輪軸、渦輪螺栓、螺柱、螺母和 緊固件等重要零部件，對晶粒度和金相組織的要求越來越嚴格，這關乎到零 部件材料的服役條件，必須具有較高的室溫力學性能外，還要求在長期的時 效條件下具備良好的高溫蠕變持久性能。 總之，GH4080A鎳合金螺栓、螺柱與螺母的配合選擇應滿足製造材料的 一致性，按照GB/T 3098.8的規定，螺母和與之配合的螺栓、螺柱材料強度比 值應大於0.7，以免發生高溫鬆弛。 China Fastener World no.61/2021
750
試驗應力σ 斷後伸長率 時間/h / MPa A/%
GH4080A鎳合金高溫拉伸性能
對高溫台架試驗後的螺栓、螺母緊固件，檢測其力學性能，如抗拉強度、 硬度等，及微觀組織，可用於補充評價材料的服役穩定性。
www.fastener-world.com
056
試驗溫度 /℃
參考文獻 1. 陳國良.高溫合金學[M]，北京：冶金工業出版 社，1988. 2. 郭建亭.高溫合金材料學（上冊）[M]，北京： 科學出版社，2008. 3. 張九高，薑建鴻，駱鵬，等.動車組高強度螺 栓品質分析［J］,熱處理技術與裝備，2019， 40( 2) : 52－58． 4. 薄鑫濤，郭海洋，袁鳳松.實用熱處理手冊 [M]，上海：上海科學技術出版社，2014. 5. 王濱.金屬材料力學性能試驗[M]，北京：科學 普及出版社，2014. 6. 楊宜可.金屬高溫強度及試驗[M]，上海：上海 科學技術出版社，1986.
China Fastener World no.61/2021
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Exhibition
2021/06/2-4
第十二屆上海緊固件專業展 展會地點：國家會展中心NECC（上海市崧澤大道333號）
Fastener Expo Shanghai 2021
Venue: National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai)
Fastener Expo Shanghai 2021, has been deeply rooted in the industry for 12 years, and has always been developing and expanding with the purpose of being professional, efficient, open and innovative. It can be called the benchmark event in the global fastener industry. The exhibition brings together well-known fastener manufacturers both at home and abroad, and also exhibits fastener supporting equipment, molds, wires and other products, providing a one-stop purchasing platform for fastener industry personnel. The organizer will continue to create an upgraded professional exhibition of fasteners in the spirit of " originality ", which is expected to reach a scale of 50,000 m2, attract more than 900 global fastener manufacturers and fastener production equipment manufacturers and invite more than 40,000 professional visitors. The organizer will also hold a series of wonderful concurrent conference activities, which is an annual high-end event that integrates trade, communication and learning. Fastener Expo Shanghai 2021 will dig in fastener end market and expand car and high strength fasteners, construction fastener, industrial machinery and other industries of high-end visitors. It is expected to grow 47% of high-end visitors in 2021, The organizer will use 11 years of experience industry accumulation in exhibition to create one-stop trading platform for fastener high-end buyers. With the adjustment and transformation of the industrial structure gaining momentum in China, China's fastener industry currently presents both opportunity as well as challenge. At the forefront of industry development, Fastener Expo Shanghai, Asia’s largest and the world’s most influential trade show in fastener industry, has not only been catering to emerging markets in China and abroad, but it has also been providing an excellent platform for fastener suppliers from around the globe to gain access to these regions.
2021第十二屆上海緊固件專業展（FES2021）將於2021年6月 2-4日在國家會展中心盛大舉行！ 主辦方將繼續以“匠心”精神打造一個升級版的緊固件專業 展，預計規模將達5萬平方米，吸引超過800家全球緊固件生產商 和緊固件生產設備商等展示亮相，深耕緊固件終端市場，大力拓 展“全國各地緊固件經銷商” 、 “汽車及高強度緊固件” 、 “建築緊 固件” 、 “工業機械”等行業的終端觀眾，並將邀請到逾4萬名專業 觀眾參觀。展會同期還將舉辦一系列精彩紛呈的會議活動，是一 個集商貿、交流和學習為一體的年度行業高端盛會！
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Exhibition scale
展會規模
Exhibitor: 800+ Professional visitors: 42,000+ Exhibition area: 50,000 m2
參展商：800+ 專業觀眾：42,000+ 展覽面積：50,000 平方米 ·30場同期會議活動 ·近40家國際採購商參與配對會
Exhibiting Product range
展品範圍
Fasteners supporting equipment: Fastener production equipment, fastener materials, fastener molds and consumables, testing instruments, packaging equipment, other related production technology and equipment, etc. Fastener product: Standard fastener, non-standard fastener, automobile and high strength fastener exhibition area, construction fastener exhibition area, stamping parts and lathe parts, fastener products of various professional application fields.
104
緊固件配套設備 緊固件生產設備、緊固件材料、緊固件用模具和耗品、檢測儀器、包裝設備、其 它相關生產技術和設備等。
緊固件成品 標準緊固件、非標緊固件、汽車及高強度緊固件展區、建築緊固件展區、衝壓 件和車床件、各專業應用領域緊固件產品等
現場會議活動 為更好地促進企業與觀眾之間的溝通互動，展會期間主辦方還精心策劃了30余 場精彩會議。更有1對1海外買家配對會及大型緊固件採購節等活動。
Industry Focus
Fastener Trade & Fluctuations of USA/Canada/Japan/Brazil/Taiwan 美•加•日•巴•台扣件貿易統計 (2018-2020) Import
進口
HS 7318 Iron and steel screws, bolts, nuts, washers, etc. 鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓、螺帽、墊片等
USA 美國 (in USD), in descending order according to figures of 2020 以美元計，依據2020 年數據排序
Rank 排名
Partner 進口來源
2018
2019
2020 (Jan-Sep) (一至九月)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
World 全球 Taiwan 台灣 China 中國 Japan 日本 Germany 德國 Canada 加拿大 South Korea 南韓 Italy 義大利 Mexico 墨西哥 India 印度 UK 英國
5,710,903,737 1,827,122,542 1,517,433,573 620,400,669 329,436,542 307,849,389 188,758,025 152,763,573 119,731,124 115,225,246 79,612,854
5,545,540,394 1,901,629,533 1,124,027,707 624,435,819 367,603,496 310,630,890 188,277,555 145,214,555 130,515,686 145,329,726 87,094,634
3,553,505,487 1,301,838,586 630,550,611 360,403,538 254,643,908 189,306,256 122,651,037 100,494,391 84,278,321 76,548,401 62,713,840
Export 出口
資料來源; 美國商務部國貿署
Partner 出口目的地
2018
2019
2020 (Jan-Sep) (一至九月)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
World 全球 Mexico 墨西哥 Canada 加拿大 China 中國 UK 英國 Germany 德國 Brazil 巴西 Japan 日本 France 法國 South Korea 南韓 Singapore 新加坡
4,350,304,358 1,493,137,231 1,125,426,323 204,299,063 168,528,149 116,187,696 92,608,574 91,411,619 103,674,764 89,653,958 96,608,045
4,400,456,907 1,526,828,779 1,149,112,882 183,107,846 160,019,660 123,777,529 109,485,174 98,567,349 89,869,700 88,443,922 104,484,712
2,663,576,114 866,061,953 690,561,084 130,789,949 99,545,840 76,435,491 66,280,798 64,667,625 59,042,331 58,000,486 57,612,589
Import 進口
Export 出口 China Fastener World no.61/2021
Source: U.S. ITA of Department of Commerce
Rank 排名
105
Industry Focus Import
進口
HS 7318 Screws, bolts, nuts, screw hooks, rivets, washers, cotter pins and like articles of iron or steel 鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓、螺帽、螺絲鉤、拉釘、墊片、開口銷等
Canada 加拿大
(in USD), in descending order according to figures of 2020 以美元計，依據2020 年數據排序
Rank 排名
Partner 進口來源
2018
2019
2020 (Jan-Nov) (一至十一月)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
World 全球 USA 美國 Taiwan 台灣 China 中國 Japan 日本 Germany 德國 Vietnam 越南 Italy 義大利 South Korea 南韓 UK 英國 Canada 加拿大
1,643,449,509 806,637,915 248,265,336 216,092,146 66,634,869 40,885,116 28,804,118 31,115,913 32,343,265 25,535,080 28,490,404
1,659,950,408 840,229,876 235,429,210 213,211,415 73,457,919 41,398,721 24,645,725 32,440,110 28,137,853 24,759,482 22,343,425
1,268,100,251 614,732,526 188,855,271 173,147,924 59,387,052 30,030,625 28,166,351 22,791,953 20,806,823 17,758,588 14,472,165
2019
2020 (Jan-Nov) (一至十一月)
Export 出口
Source: Canada.ca
Rank 排名
Partner 出口目的地
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
World 全球 USA 美國 Mexico 墨西哥 China 中國 UK 英國 Poland 波蘭 Germany 德國 France 法國 Turkey 土耳其 Brazil 巴西 Australia 澳洲
2018 482,874,901 391,223,560 17,773,123 8,055,115 8,367,474 2,258,899 6,994,069 4,773,422 674,655 1,972,476 2,022,705
504,185,147 407,422,079 22,137,037 6,041,766 9,878,787 3,389,324 5,917,126 5,803,156 1,588,944 3,331,804 2,135,623
Import 進口
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Export 出口
106
392,609,783 318,560,068 15,861,762 8,345,472 6,055,452 4,647,809 4,290,833 3,781,652 2,372,306 2,224,796 2,035,602
Industry Focus Import
進口
Japan P.C. Code 61703 Nails, bolts, nuts, etc. 螺釘、螺栓、螺帽等
Japan 日本 in descending order according to volumes of 2020 依據2020年重量排序
Rank 排名
Partner 進口來源
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
World 全球 China 中國 Taiwan 台灣 S. Korea 南韓 Vietnam 越南 Thailand 泰國 Malaysia 馬來西亞 Germany 德國 USA 美國 Australia 澳洲 Indonesia 印尼
Metric Tons 公噸 2018 2019 2020 333,108 348,661 297,917 216,254 221,268 194,047 72,278 74,664 66,154 14,775 25,336 12,839 11,731 11,163 11,839 5,889 5,457 4,645 4,604 3,657 2,533 1,332 1,349 1,032 1,333 1,328 933 214 401 803 822 671 500
2018 120,589,782 48,469,169 28,407,337 5,789,484 3,387,791 3,627,621 1,973,062 3,024,923 17,586,698 190,370 747,327
1,000 Yens 千日圓 2019 2020 120,112,826 97,060,506 46,588,998 38,054,837 28,759,101 24,773,147 7,860,063 4,685,723 3,443,248 3,247,338 3,459,067 2,956,292 1,671,085 1,046,231 2,781,108 2,419,395 18,214,622 13,396,617 291,032 491,145 624,023 431,798
2018 333,255,619 78,634,130 74,276,199 44,383,274 25,334,111 13,144,879 11,765,238 8,008,615 7,427,164 5,332,815 5,130,880
1,000 Yens 千日圓 2019 2020 305,163,698 257,090,865 71,463,784 74,397,136 73,501,386 61,504,586 39,876,989 29,203,131 21,023,412 10,972,051 12,523,841 10,613,230 9,327,437 7,805,556 6,528,126 4,447,837 6,173,937 4,597,655 4,405,194 3,859,177 5,183,760 4,149,960
Source: Ministry of Finance, Japan 資料來源: 日本財務省
Rank 排名
Partner 出口目的地
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
World 全球 China 中國 USA 美國 Thailand 泰國 Indonesia 印尼 Mexico 墨西哥 India 印度 UK 英國 Brazil 巴西 Turkey 土耳其 Malaysia 馬來西亞
Metric Tons 公噸 2018 2019 2020 376,145 338,616 279,577 89,764 78,914 84,221 83,915 80,804 66,278 52,768 45,554 32,210 30,455 25,738 13,283 15,536 14,336 12,056 13,273 9,943 8,170 11,632 9,100 6,177 9,851 8,588 5,930 6,665 5,917 5,153 5,760 5,672 4,512
Import Volume 進口重量
Import Value 進口金額
Export Volume 出口重量
Export Value 出口金額
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Export 出口
107
Industry Focus Import
進口 HS 7318 Screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter-pins, washers (including spring washers) and similar articles, of iron or steel
Brazil 巴西 in descending order according to values of 2020 依據2020年金額排序
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓、螺帽、馬車螺絲、螺絲鉤、拉釘、銷、開口銷、墊片(含彈簧墊片)和類似部件 2018 - US$ 2019 - US$ 2020 - US$ Rank Partner 2019 - Net 2020 - Net 2018 - Net Weight (KG) 淨重 Weight (KG) 淨重 Weight (KG) 淨重 FOB 美元 FOB 美元 FOB 美元 排名 進口來源 0 World 全球 123,292,034 114,959,546 96,393,965 648,742,258 590,527,630 474,232,850 1 China 中國 44,237,435 45,018,883 47,398,383 121,801,344 118,639,032 117,144,626 2 USA 美國 8,301,603 7,112,581 5,311,821 91,721,428 90,805,045 74,741,939 3 Japan 日本 11,969,245 12,567,987 6,439,826 76,353,804 70,152,664 50,589,453 4 Germany 德國 8,313,039 7,579,926 5,020,829 75,407,856 70,658,088 49,658,606 5 Taiwan 台灣 12,938,026 10,067,320 8,863,240 39,233,139 32,208,728 26,170,865 6 Italy 義大利 9,722,978 6,187,395 3,937,145 55,768,923 36,164,478 26,130,323 7 France 法國 4,021,996 3,222,984 1,776,499 36,707,910 33,315,010 21,120,192 8 S. Korea 南韓 5,015,276 5,420,189 3,613,568 25,387,542 26,505,450 16,778,777 9 India 印度 2,565,552 4,222,521 4,751,957 10,339,308 12,299,795 13,885,699 10 UK 英國 702,681 620,760 824,494 8,780,294 9,438,011 10,245,445
Export
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Rank 排名 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
108
出口
Partner 2019 - Net 2020 - Net 2018 - US$ 2019 - US$ 2020 - US$ 2018 - Net Weight (KG) 淨重 Weight (KG) 淨重 Weight (KG) 淨重 FOB 美元 出口目的地 FOB 美元 FOB 美元 World 全球 25,432,517 22,329,231 23,176,849 148,564,500 180,726,436 129,207,220 USA 美國 2,265,250 2,438,889 2,134,365 41,206,524 77,379,432 47,341,359 9,219,473 8,011,757 10,553,234 27,686,444 21,638,852 23,367,086 Argentina 阿根廷 3,997,950 4,212,001 11,703,049 9,222,881 9,174,626 Paraguay 巴拉圭 5,059,103 France 法國 1,014,741 644,262 462,338 8,194,419 7,715,397 6,053,469 Germany 德國 1,340,192 810,435 606,937 8,483,953 5,788,623 4,556,664 Mexico 墨西哥 594,482 637,662 383,559 5,368,961 6,420,788 4,145,272 Chile 智利 363,574 389,234 398,314 3,634,378 4,765,329 3,547,027 Uruguay 烏拉圭 1,151,947 937,654 1,163,475 3,194,424 2,619,460 2,754,061 30,644 3,446,003 4,805,382 2,716,998 UK 英國 65,874 118,278 Colombia 哥倫比亞 276,956 398,550 298,073 3,400,752 3,698,306 2,651,859
Import Volume 進口重量
Import Value 進口金額
Export Volume 出口重量
Export Value 出口金額
in descending order according to values of 2020
Taiwan 台灣
依據2020年金額排序
Industry Focus
Import
進口 HS 7318 Screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter-pins, washers (including spring washers) and similar articles, of iron or steel
鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓、螺帽、馬車螺絲、螺絲鉤、拉釘、銷、開口銷、墊片(包括彈簧墊片)等 Rank Partner 2018 (kg) 2019 (kg) 2020 (kg) Partner 2018 (USD) 2019 (USD) 2020 (USD) 排名 進口來源 公斤 公斤 公斤 進口來源 美元 美元 美元 World 全球 18,374,272 16,597,504 World 全球 152,356,212 159,937,426 157,680,579 0 1 Japan 日本 5,534,740 6,248,319 5,923,341 Japan 日本 65,320,339 66,179,082 61,494,765 2 China 中國 3,034,870 3,672,525 3,647,936 USA 美國 22,444,713 26,785,166 27,844,570 3 Vietnam 越南 2,492,054 3,170,962 2,312,366 China 中國 9,393,007 10,279,450 15,143,539 4 Philippines 菲律賓 1,176,520 1,167,517 517,069 Germany 德國 10,207,160 11,857,743 10,329,451 5 S. Korea 南韓 300,417 332,917 476,283 S. Korea 南韓 4,692,658 4,113,424 5,660,405 6 Germany 德國 377,593 399,763 413,784 Netherlands 荷蘭 3,004,484 3,392,145 4,058,735 7 Thailand 泰國 354,386 321,688 395,728 Vietnam 越南 4,013,572 4,580,616 3,719,309 8 USA 美國 302,901 351,534 389,272 Switzerland 瑞士 2,290,556 2,073,390 2,182,902 9 Turkey 土耳其 182,373 312,557 379,366 Sweden 瑞典 3,047,454 2,857,695 2,033,164 10 Netherlands 荷蘭 154,768 238,793 160,162 UK 英國 1296907 1582266 2017286
Export 出口
資料來源: 台灣國貿局
Import Volume 進口重量
Import Value 進口金額
Export Volume 出口重量
Export Value 出口金額
China Fastener World no.61/2021
Source: Bureau of Foreign Trade (Taiwan)
Rank Partner 2018 (kg) 2019 (kg) 2020 (kg) Partner 2018 (USD) 2019 (USD) 2020 (USD) 排名 出口目的地 公斤 公斤 公斤 出口目的國 美元 美元 美元 World 全球 1,595,705,450 1,479,292,223 1,363,248,785 World 全球 4,638,685,129 4,316,380,032 3,969,360,344 0 1 USA 美國 629,276,927 621,962,469 609,131,936 USA 美國 1,775,046,209 1,751,810,124 1,689,801,153 2 Germany 德國 155,300,468 132,505,809 116,637,180 Germany 德國 453,134,133 392,118,297 340,191,792 3 Netherlands 荷蘭 92,492,281 80,348,283 67,226,720 Japan 日本 230,517,250 241,272,905 209,498,781 4 Japan 日本 69,039,707 72,771,839 63,283,611 Netherlands 荷蘭 261,652,295 227,785,981 195,105,056 5 Canada 加拿大 60,651,391 51,295,923 45,368,429 UK 英國 178,355,595 171,259,001 136,840,671 6 UK 英國 59,378,375 55,620,928 41,692,178 China 中國 143,940,786 114,145,687 129,131,272 7 Poland 波蘭 34,104,044 31,645,985 27,418,561 Canada 加拿大 163,070,593 145,037,763 128,760,834 8 Italy 義大利 41,551,408 32,429,910 27,368,054 Sweden 瑞典 98,766,182 94,555,904 85,303,928 9 Sweden 瑞典 29,841,067 28,912,202 24,839,100 Mexico 墨西哥 94,925,177 97,384,603 77,878,026 10 China 中國 24,331,806 20,276,785 24,079,023 Italy 義大利 105,402,379 82,026,949 70,888,895
109
Industry Focus
U.S. Imports of Fasteners and the Auto Industry by Sabrina Rodriguez
Data note: The data for this article is derived from the US Census trade statistics. US Import and Export Census trade statistics is based on all modes of transportation. That value is calculated in USD by CIF (imports). In this article fasteners are defined as any product under HS Code 7318 (screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, rivets, cotters, cotter pins, washers and similar articles of iron or steel), 7318110000 (coach screws, threaded, of iron or steel) and 7616101000 (aluminum, tacks and staples, not in 83.05).
An analysis on U.S imports of fasteners and the impacts on auto manufacturers. Has there been an increase in demand by U.S auto makers on certain lightweight fasteners? Have there been any significant trends in U.S imports of fasteners? Global trade took a dramatic turn earlier last year due to COVID 19. Every country around the world felt the impacts for months, and others continue to face the challenging aftermath. The U.S is a nation with one of the largest consumer markets and arguably one of the largest global importers. During the first half of 2020, the U.S. imported over one trillion dollars’ worth of goods, and that is considering the drop in imports due to COVID 19. One of the bigger U.S markets that continue to demand supply of parts is the auto industry, which continues to have large manufacturing and assembly plants in many parts of the Midwest. The U.S has not made any progressive steps towards massive public transportation (with the exception of a few metropolitan cities), and the Department of Transportation has not reached decisions on whether or not it will be investing in the manufacturing of Table 1. Import of 7318 in 2017-2019 high-speed trains. For these reasons, the 2017 2018 2019 Americans continue to make investments Import Origin General Total General Total General Total % % % in cars out of pure necessity. Value CIF (USD) Value CIF (USD) Value CIF (USD)
China Fastener World no.61/2021
U.S. Imports of Fasteners: Significant Trends on the Demand for Fasteners The demand for fasteners is seen across a multitude of industries, but one of the most prominent demands is from the automobile industry. Fastener imports of 7318 have remained very consistent over the few years, and the trends show many countries increasing their exports. China is one exception – trend analysis will show you how fastener imports dropped in 2019 due to the imposed tariffs on Chinese steel goods. Other countries such as Taiwan, Japan and Germany continue to be on the rise, increasing their yearly exports of fasteners to the U.S. During the first half of 2020 (Table 2), imports of 7318 dropped a total of 16.8% by comparison to the first half of 2019. Imports from China dropped by 30.3%, India by 33.3% and Canada by 24.4%. Imports from countries like Thailand, South Korea and Germany decreased, but at less staggering percentages.
110
Taiwan
1,695,177,002
32.80
1,935,363,130
32.10
2,017,113,212
China
1,229,973,800
23.80
1,630,859,894
27.05
1,207,846,153
34.53 20.68
Japan
648,194,818
12.55
644,506,115
10.69
648,298,263
11.10
Germany
297,601,078
5.76
344,921,221
5.73
381,542,652
6.54
Canada
277,584,037
5.38
313,533,514
5.21
315,553,400
5.41
South Korea
188,722,047
3.66
198,057,295
3.29
197,953,133
3.39
Italy
139,830,777
2.71
161,124,929
2.68
150,498,031
2.58
Mexico
110,837,933
2.15
121,771,895
2.02
132,206,656
2.27
India
99,159,729
1.92
124,494,325
2.07
155,067,539
2.66
88,195,580 5,168,791,299
1.71 100.00
87,583,105 6,029,489,521
1.46 100.00
89,293,822 5,841,885,221
1.53 100.00
France Total
Table 2. Import of 7318 in 2019H1 and 2020H1 Import Origin
2019 - H1 General Total Value CIF (USD)
%
2020 - H1 General Total Value CIF (USD)
%
Volume Change General Total % Value CIF (USD)
Taiwan
1,055,338,649
34.83
912,146,687
36.20
-143,191,962
China
649,858,422
21.45
452,473,142
17.96
-197,385,280
-13.57 -30.38
Japan
325,670,729
10.75
267,600,275
10.62
-58,070,454
-17.84
Germany
190,532,141
6.29
180,746,644
7.18
-9,785,497
-5.14
Canada
169,723,769
5.60
128,257,854
5.09
-41,465,915
-24.44
South Korea
98,379,148
3.25
91,755,761
3.65
-6,623,387
-6.74
India
78,792,238
2.60
52,546,697
2.09
-26,245,541
-33.31
Italy
78,084,788
2.58
68,748,155
2.73
-9,336,633
-11.96
Mexico
66,344,872
2.19
56,081,818
2.23
-10,263,054
-15.47
47,488,829 3,030,833,645
1.57 100.00
43,347,509 2,520,267,702
1.72 100.00
-4,141,320 -510,565,943
-8.73 -16.85
Thailand Total
Industry Focus
Another subset of fasteners categorized as 76161010 0 0 (Table 4) exper ienced similar decreases in imports to the U.S during the first half of 2020. During the first half of 2019, Greece was the 3rd largest exporter accounting for 11.8% of the total exports, but then dropped by 98.5% during the first half of 2020. China was the top exporter during the first half of 2019 and dropped by 28.1% during the first half of 2020. South Korea increased during the first half of 2020 by 49.8%, Germany by 54.3% and Taiwan by 15.1%. Overall, imports of these fasteners dropped by 25.4% during the first half of 2020.
The “Big Three” and Other Top U.S Auto Manufacturers Ford Motor rep or t e d a 33% sa les decrease in their second quarter of 2020, but then saw a sharp recovery during the third quarter. Similar to Ford, Chrysler reported its sales to have plummeted during the second qua r ter of 2020. Ch r ysler reported its sales to have dropped 39% during the second qua r ter of 2020 by comparison to the second quarter of 2019. Much like Ford, Chrysler is a U.S based automobile manufacturer and has become increasingly popular over the last few years because of the newly introduced Fiat. While General Motors also reported a significant decrease of 34% during the second half of 2020, it has proven to be more innovative i n t e ch nolog y t h a n t h ei r i m m e d ia t e competitors. GM is using 3D printing to prototype face shields and ventilators, but also expanding the use of 3D printing for auto parts and assembly tools. Toyota Motor North America began to see a decrease in their volumes of sales as early as March and reported a 36.9% decrease in March 2020 by comparison to March 2019. On the plus side, Toyota hybrid sales increased during the first quarter of 2020 by 58%. Hyundai and Honda also reported declines, especially during the second quarter of 2020 when U.S lockdowns went into full effect.
Table 3. Import of 7318110000 in 2019H1 and 2020H1 Import Origin
2019 - H1 General Total Value CIF (USD)
China
7,310,677
64.72
6,127,267
66.31
-1,183,410
Taiwan
2,147,155
19.01
1,924,189
20.83
-222,966
-10.39
556,842
4.93
44,940
0.49
-511,902
-91.93
Germany
%
2020 - H1 General Total Value CIF (USD)
%
Volume Change General Total % Value CIF (USD) -16.19
Thailand
540,386
4.79
984,861
10.66
444,475
82.26
Vietnam
384,039
3.40
0
0.00
-384,039
-100.00 -100.00
Czech Republic
120,000
1.07
0
0.00
-120,000
United Kingdom
110,809
0.99
13,553
0.15
-97,256
-87.77
South Korea
56,347
0.50
5,507
0.06
-50,840
-90.23
Sweden
30,216
0.27
0
0.00
-30,216
-100.00
Canada Total
12,416 11,296,744
0.11 100.00
21,464 9,241,329
0.24 100.00
9,048 -2,055,415
72.88 -18.20
Table 4. Import of 7616101000 in 2019H1 and 2020H1 Import Origin
2019 - H1 General Total Value CIF (USD)
China
312,057
23.58
224,209
22.73
-87,848
Taiwan
273,968
20.70
315,411
31.97
41,443
15.13
Greece
156,866
11.85
2,217
0.23
-154,649
-98.59 49.84
%
2020 - H1 General Total Value CIF (USD)
%
Volume Change General Total % Value CIF (USD) -28.16
South Korea
98,036
7.41
146,893
14.89
48,857
Canada
90,368
6.83
98,890
10.03
8,522
9.44
Malaysia
76,992
5.82
0
0.00
-76,992
-100.00
Bulgaria
65,972
4.99
0
0.00
-65,972
-100.00
United Kingdom
39,331
2.98
0
0.00
-39,331
-100.00
Colombia
32,294
2.44
0
0.00
-32,294
-100.00
Germany Total
28,626 1,323,821
2.17 100.00
44,183 986,673
4.48 100.00
15,557 -337,148
54.35 -25.47
The largest automobile manufacturers are entering the market of electric vehicles by introducing new and innovative models. One might even wonder if the automobile industry is in constant competition with Tesla which has singlehandedly disrupted the auto industry with its consistent innovations using renewable resources. Tesla’s most recent vehicle proves that an electric vehicle can not only feel like a luxury car, but also be extremely affordable. As of July 2020, Tesla’s Model 3 made up 14% of all electric vehicle sales. Volkswagen and BMW are also leading the electric vehicle industry, each accounting for about 6% of the total sales of electric vehicles in 2020. It is no surprise that hybrid and electric vehicle demand and production is beginning to ramp up, especially with the general population's interest in renewable resources and less frequent car maintenance. The U.S. is heading in that direction considering the looming consequences of climate change and individuals feeling accountable for making personal clean energy choices.
The Future of U.S. Imports of Fasteners and the Auto Industry Chinese imports of fasteners decreased by 30% during the first half of 2020, largely due to the impacts of COVID 19 and the demand for manufactured goods. The U.S. is entering what most would categorize as the second wave of Covid-19 which could imply a significant impact on the economy. With high unemployment rates and an overall unsteady economy, Americans are postponing frivolous purchases which include the investment of new cars. Renegotiations of Chinese tariffs could be one of the first items on the new president’s agenda, or we could see a continuation of the Chinese trade wars well into 2021. It is all very unpredictable, but one thing is certain: U.S automobile plants are continuing mass production and the demand for imported auto parts from foreign manufacturers continues.
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China Fastener World no.61/2021
One of the subsets of fasteners well known in the auto industry is categorized as 7318110000 (Table 3). The U.S. saw a decrease of 18.2% during the first half of 2020 by comparison to the first half of 2019. Thailand increased its exports by 82.2% and Canada by 72.7%, meanwhile all other countries decreased their exports exponentially. Countries like China have decreased their expor ts by 16.1% and Germany by 91.9%.